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Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. Compiled by Dr. Salima Benhouhou Arabic: nogd (this name is also given to Anvillea radiata), shay gebeli Targui: tamayut, ameyu English: wild tea French: pulicaire ondulée Pulicaria undulata (L.) DC. Pulicaria desertorum DC. Pulicaria prostrata (Gilib.) Aschers. Pulicaria: from the Latin pulex, flea. Several plants belonging to this genus were used as insecticides; undulata: referring to the undulated borders of the leaves Morphological description A densely ramified woolly procumbent herb, occasionally behaving like a short-lived perennial, reaching 50 cm. The leaves are numerous, alternate, hairy, sessile, 34 cm. long, with undulating borders. The inflorescence, at the end of each stem, is a discoid head with yellow tubular flowers on the receptacle and yellow ligules on the outer edge. The capitulum is no more than 3 cm. in diameter. The fruits are small achenes surmounted with one or two rows of hairs. The entire plant has a very agreeable scent. It flowers in early spring in the northern Algerian Sahara, and at any time after rain in the central Algerian Sahara. Although no problems are reported for this species, human collection near settlement may be a threat in the long term. Geographical distribution Local: Common in the Algerian Sahara. Regional: Morocco, Algeria, Libya and Egypt. Global: It is common throughout the Sahara, including the Red Sea region and Sinai. Ecology The plant thrives in desert conditions with an average 100 mm. rainfall a year. It is always found on non-saline wadi beds and shows a wide ecological range from sandy to gravelly soils but preferring sand-loamy soils. Status According to the IUCN criteria this Saharo-sindian species falls into the "C" category. Pharmacological action and toxicity It has an antialgetic and insecticidal action, and antibacterial properties. It is not reported as toxic by the Tuareg. Constituents Flavonol (dihydroflavonol), inuline, a nor-guaianolide and a glaucolide-like eudesmanolide, resin, essential oils. Part used The leaves are collected in the spring and prepared as an infusion, or dried as a poultice, to be taken internally and used externally. Pharmacopeias Not relevant for this species. Pharmaceutical products Not relevant for this species. Traditional medicine and local knowledge It is used for head colds, neuralgia, respiratory problems and sinusitis. Usually the sap of the fresh leaves is taken as A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa 223 nose drops to relieve the sinuses. Poultices are applied for headaches. For children, the plant is used as an infusion. Some consider an infusion of the plant good for diabetes. It is sometimes added to tea. It is also a much appreciated pasture plant. In Egypt, an infusion of the leaves is used for heart diseases and is considered as a carminative and stimulant. Bedouins sometimes drink it instead of tea. References Relevant to the plant and its uses Khafagy, S.M., Metwally, A.M., Omar, A.A. 1976. Isolation of dihydroflavonol from Pulicaria undulata (L.) Kostel. Pharmazie. 31(9). 649 p. El-Kamali, H.H., Ahmed, A.H., Mohammed, A. S., Yahia, A.A.M., El-Tayeb, I.H. & Ali, A.A., 1998. Antibacterial properties of essential oils from Nigella sativa seeds, Cymbopogon citratus leaves and Pulicaria undulata aerial parts. FITOTERAPIA LXIX (1). pp. 77-79. Abdel-Mogib, M., Dawidar, A.M.,.Metwally M.A & Abou-Elzahab M. 1989. Flavonols of Pulicaria undulata. Pharmazie 44. 801 p. Rustaiyan, A. Habibi, Z. Saberi, M. & Jakupovic, J., 1991. A nor-guaianolide and a glaucolide-like eudesmanolide from Pulicaria undulata. Phytochemistry. 30. pp. 2405-2406. 224 A Guide to Medicinal Plants in North Africa General references Baba Aissa, F., 1999. Encyclopédie des plantes utiles. Flore d'Algérie et du Maghreb. Edition Edas. 368 p. Batanouny, K. H., 1999. Wild Medicinal Plants in Egypt. The Palm Press. Cairo. 207 p. Bellakhdar, J., 1997. La pharmacopée marocaine traditionnelle. Médecine arabe ancienne et savoirs populaires. IBIS Press. 764 p. Benchelah, A.C., Bouziane, H., Maka, M. & Ouahes, C., 2000. Fleurs du Sahara. Voyage et ethnobotanique avec les touaregs du Tassili. Ed.Ibis Press, Paris. 255 p. Boulos, L., 1983. Medicinal Plants of North Africa. Reference Publication Algonac, Michigan. 286 p. Ozenda, P., 2004. Flore et végétation du Sahara. Ed. CNRS, Paris. 662 p. Quézel, P. & Santa, S., 1962-1963. Nouvelle Flore de l'Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. CNRS, Paris, 2 vol. 1170 p. Sitouh, M., 1989. Les plantes utiles du Sahara. Ann. Inst. Nat. Agro. El Harrach, Alger, vol. 13, n°2. pp. 583-658. Trabut, L., 1935. Répertoires des noms indigènes des plantes spontanées, cultivées et utilisées dans le Nord de l'Afrique. Collection du Centenaire de l'Algérie, Alger. 355 p.