Technologie - E-book de la sonorisation

eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Vgejpqnqikg
Technologie
Nc"ejc pg"fingevtq/ceqwuvkswg"guv"eqpuvkvwfig"fÓwpg"uweeguukqp"fÓfinfiogpvu"rnwu"qw
oqkpu"eqorngzgu"<"fw"oketqrjqpg" "nc"fkhhwukqp"gp"ucnng"gp"rcuucpv"rct"nc"eqpuqng
fg"okzcig."ejcswg"crrctgkn"guv"nkfi" "nÓcwvtg0"Nc"eqppgevkswg"rgtogv"eg"rcuucig."chkp
fÓqdvgpkt"wp"uqp"rtqrtg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Nc"ejckpg"fingevtqceqwuvkswg
La chaine électroacoustique
Swgnswgu"tcrrgnu"<
qpfg"uqpqtg"<"fipgtikg"ceqwuvkswg
oketqrjqpg"<"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"fg"nÓfipgtikg"ceqwuvkswg"gp"fipgtikg"fingevtkswg"*swgnswgu
oknnkxqnvu+
vcdng"fg"okzcig"<"rtfi/cornkhkecvkqp"gv"vtckvgogpvu"fkxgtu"*swgnswgu"egpvckpgu"fg"oknnkxqnvu+
cornkhkecvkqp"<"cwiogpvcvkqp"fg"nc"rwkuucpeg"*rnwukgwtu"fk|ckpgu"fg"xqnvu+
jcwv/rctngwt"<"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"fg"nÓfipgtikg"fingevtkswg"gp"fipgtikg"ceqwuvkswg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"N)cornkhkecvgwt"@"N)cornkhkecvgwt
L'amplificateur
Ng"ukipcn"cwfkq"ffinkxtfi"rct"nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig"rgwv"cvvgkpftg"3"xqnv"gv"pg"uwhhkv"rcu"
hcktg"dqwigt"ngu"ogodtcpgu"fg"pqu"jcwv/rctngwtu0"Kn"guv"fqpe"pfieguucktg"fg
nÓcornkhkgt0
NÓcornkhkecvkqp"guv"wp"rtqefiffi"swk"eqpukuvg" "fingxgt"ng"pkxgcw"fÓwp"ukipcn"ucpu"cwvtg
oqfkhkecvkqp="nc"htfiswgpeg"ckpuk"swg"nc"hqtog"fw"ukipcn"tguvgpv"ngu"o‒ogu."kn"pÓ{"c
swg"nÓcornkvwfg"swk"cwiogpvg0
NÓcornkhkecvgwt"guv"wp"crrctgkn"fingevtqpkswg"rgtogvvcpv"nÓcwiogpvcvkqp"fw"pkxgcw
fÓwp"ukipcn0"Qp"nÓwvknkug"rqwt"cnkogpvgt"gpegkpvgu"gv"jcwv/rctngwtu0"Qp"gpvtg"wp"ukipcn
hckdng" "jcwvg"korfifcpeg"gv"qp"gp"uqtv"wpg"vgpukqp"fingxfig" "dcuug"korfifcpeg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"E¤dncig"gv"eqppgevgwtu"@"E¤dncig"gv
eqppgevgwtu
Câblage et connecteurs
Cxcpv"fÓqhhtkt"wp"uqp"cwz"htfiswgpegu"jctoqpkgwugu."nc"rtgokfltg"tgejgtejg"fw
tfiikuugwt"uqp"qw"fw"uqpqtkucvgwt"gv"fÓqdvgpkt"wp"uqp"rtqrtg."eÓguv/ /fktg"ucpu"dw||"pk
tqphngvvg0"Rqwt"egnc."kn"{"c"nkgw"fg"tgurgevgt"ng"dtcpejgogpv"fgu"finfiogpvu"gpvtg"gwz
rct"wpg"eqppgevkswg"cffiswcvg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig"@"Nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig
La table de mixage
Qw"rwrkvtg."eqpuqngÈ"fg"ofincpig0
Hqpevkqpu"<"rtfi/cornkhkgt."fiicnkugt."gv"fkuvtkdwgt"ngu"fkhhfitgpvgu"oqfwncvkqpu
oketqrjqpgu"qw"uwrrqtv"fg"fkhhwukqpu"*EF."Okpk"Fkue+"xgtu"nÓgpugodng"fgu
jcwv/rctngwtu"fguvkpfiu"cw"rwdnke"gv"cwz"owukekgpu"uwt"ueflpg"ckpuk"swÓ "fkhhfitgpvu
crrctgknu"rfitkrjfitkswgu"*gptgikuvtgwtu."ownvk/ghhgvuÈ+0
Kn"gzkuvg"wpg"ownvkvwfg"fg"vcdngu"fg"okzcig."fgu"rnwu"uqoocktgu"cwz"rnwu"eqornflvgu0
Ng"ejqkz"ug"hgtc"gp"hqpevkqp"fgu"dguqkpu"nkfiu"cw"urgevceng" "uqpqtkugt0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu
Les microphones
Ng"oketqrjqpg"guv"wp"ecrvgwt"swk"vtcpuhqtog"nÒfipgtikg"ceqwuvkswg"*qpfgu"uqpqtgu+
gp"fipgtikg"fingevtkswg"*vgpukqp"cnvgtpcvkxg+0
Qp"ffihkpkv"wp"oketqrjqpg"rct
uqp"v{rg"<"swgnng"vgejpqnqikg"guv"wvknkufig"rqwt"nc"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"fg"nÓfipgtikg
ceqwuvkswg"gp"fipgtikg"fingevtkswg"A
uc"fktgevkxkvfi"*ugpukdknkvfi"fÓwp"oketqrjqpg"rct"tcrrqtv" "nÓcping"fÓkpekfgpeg"fg"nÓqpfg
ceqwuvkswg+"<"fg"swgn"e»vfi"gpvgpf/v/kn"ngu"uqpu"A
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Gp"rtcvkswg"@"Gp"rtcvkswg
En pratique
Nc"okug"gp"rnceg"fgu"gpegkpvgu"gv"ngwt"dtcpejgogpv"cwz"cornkhkecvgwtu"tfirqpf"
egtvckpu"rctcoflvtgu"swÓkn"hcwv"tgurgevgt."pqvcoogpv"nc"rjcug"gv"nÓkorfifcpeg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Fquukgtu"vgejpkswgu"@"Fquukgtu
vgejpkswgu
Dossiers techniques
Ng"uqp."ocvkfltg"ctvkuvkswg."tgswkgtv"wpg"crrtqejg"vgejpkswg"hqtvg0"Ek/crtflu."ng
hqpevkqppgogpv"fgu"hknvtgu"eqttgevgwtu."fgu"eqortguugwtu."nc"rtkug"fg"uqpÈ
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"jcwvu/rctngwtu"gv"gpegkpvgu"@"Ngu
jcwv/rctngwtu"gv"gpegkpvgu
Les hauts-parleurs et enceintes
Gp"dqwv"fg"ejc pg"fingevtq/ceqwuvkswg."ngu"gpegkpvgu"fkhhwugpv"ng"uqp"swk"c"fivfi"vtcxcknnfi"rct
ngu"cwvtgu"finfiogpvu"gp"coqpv0"Vqwv"eqoog"ngu"oketqu."nc"swcnkvfi"fg"tguvkvwvkqp"fgu
crrctgknu"fg"fkhhwukqp"kphnwg"fktgevgogpv"uwt"nc"swcnkvfi"fw"uqp"fÓwp"urgevceng0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"jcwvu/rctngwtu"gv"gpegkpvgu"@"Ngu
jcwv/rctngwtu
Les haut-parleurs
Wp"jcwv/rctngwt"guv"wp"vtcpufwevgwt"vtcpuhqtocpv"nÓfipgtikg"fingevtkswg"gp"fipgtikg
ceqwuvkswg0
Kn"guv"eqorqufi"fÓwp"oqvgwt"cuuwtcpv"nc"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"fingevtkswg"1"ofiecpkswg"gv
fÓwpg"ogodtcpg"vtcpuhqtocpv"nÓfipgtikg"ofiecpkswg"gp"fipgtikg"ceqwuvkswg0"Ngu"JR
hqpevkqppgpv" "nÓgpxgtu"fÓwp"oketqrjqpg"f{pcokswg"<"eÓguv"nÓcornkhkecvgwt"swk"gpxqkg
wp"eqwtcpv"cnvgtpcvkh" "nc"dqdkpg"swk"guv"kpufitfig"fcpu"wp"ckocpv0"Egek"nc"hckv"ug
ffirncegt"fÓcxcpv"gp"cttkfltg" "wpg"xkvguug"ffivgtokpfig"rct"nc"htfiswgpeg" "tgrtqfwktg0
Kn"gzkuvg"rnwukgwtu"v{rgu"fg"jcwv/rctngwtu"cfcrvfiu" "nc"rncig"fg"htfiswgpegu"swÓknu
fqkxgpv"tgrtqfwktg"<
ngu boomers ou woofer "itcpf"fkcoflvtg*"34"ÒÓ/"52"eo."37ÓÓ/"5:"eo."3:ÓÓ/"68"eo"+
rqwt"nc"tguvk/vwvkqp"fgu"htfiswgpegu"dcuugu0"Eg"JR"pg"rgwv"rcu"tgrtqfwktg"ngu
htfiswgpegu"ckiw u"="nc"ogodtcpg"guv"vtqr"tkikfg"rqwt"xkdtgt"tcrkfgogpv0
ngu médiums fg"fkcoflvtg"rnwu"rgvkv."urfiekcnkufiu"fcpu"nc"tgrtqfwevkqp"fgu
htfiswgpegu"ofifkwou"*:" "42"eo+0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
ngu tweeter ou moteurs d’aigus ejctifiu"fg"nc"tgrtqfwevkqp"fgu"ckiwu0"Nc
ogodtcpg"fqkv"‒vtg"nfiifltg"gv"hkpg"rqwt"rqwxqkt"xkdtgt"tcrkfgogpv"*6222" "42222"J|+0
Ectcevfitkuvkswgu"vgejpkswgu"fw"jcwv/rctngwt
Qp"ngu"vtqwxg"uwt"nc"hkejg"vgejpkswg"hqwtpkg"rct"ng"eqpuvtwevgwt"<
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Bande passante <
Rncig"fg"htfiswgpegu"swÓkn"guv"ecrcdng"fg"tguvkvwgt"cxge"wpg"egtvckpg"vqnfitcpeg"*gp
ifipfitcn"-"qw"/"5fD+"Gzgorng"<"72"J|" "38"mJ|"5"fD
Puissance admissible <
Gnng"uÓgzrtkog"gp"Ycvvu0"Gp"rtkpekrg."nc"hkejg"fg"ectcevfitkuvkswgu"fw"jcwv/rctngwt
fkuvkpiwg"ngu"Ycvvu"TOU"Î"rwkuucpeg"uwrrqtvfig" "nqpi"vgtog"gv"Ycvvu"RGCM"Î
rwkuucpeg"kpuvcpvcpfig"uwt"wpg"vtflu"eqwtvg"rfitkqfg0"Cw/fgn "fg"egvvg"rwkuucpeg
cfokuukdng."ng"jcwv/rctngwt"ug"ffivtwktc0
Rendement <
Hcewnvfi"fg"vtcpuhqtogt"nc"rwkuucpeg"fingevtkswg"gp"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg"*kn"ffirgpf
fgu"eqorqucpvu"wvknkufiu"gv"fg"uc"vgejpkswg"fg"hcdtkecvkqp+0"Wpg"gpegkpvg"cxge"wp
tgpfgogpv"korqtvcpv"ffinkxtgtc"fcxcpvcig"fg"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg" "rwkuucpeg"fiicng
swÓwpg"gpegkpvg" "hckdng"tgpfgogpv+0"Ng"tgpfgogpv"uÓgzrtkog"gp"fD"urn"*fD
ceqwuvkswgu+"rqwt"3"ycvv"oguwtfi" "3"oflvtg0
Gzgorng"<";:fD13Y13o
Tcrrgn"<"3"JR"rqwxcpv"ffinkxtgt"352"fD"fiswkxcwv" "4"JR"fg"349"fD0
Qp"rgwv"fqpe"fkokpwgt"ng"pqodtg"fg"JR" "kpuvcnngt"rqwt"wpg"o‒og"rwkuucpeg
ceqwuvkswg"gp"wvknkucpv"fgu"JR" "ogknngwt"tgpfgogpv0"Ickp"fg"vgoru" "nÓkpuvcnncvkqp.
fg"rnceg."fg"eq̂vÈ
Couverture angulaire <
Eqoogpv"ng"JR"fkhhwug"fcpu"ng"rncp"jqtk|qpvcn"gv"xgtvkecn"rct"tcrrqtv" "uqp"czg"A
Gzgorng"<"82̇J"1"62̇"X0"Egu"fqppfigu"uqpv"uwtvqwv"xcncdngu"rqwt"ng"ofifkwo"gv"nÓckiw"=
ngu"htfiswgpegu"dcuugu"fivcpv"swcuk"qopkfktgevkqppgnngu0"Ng"ejqkz"fÓwp"JR"rqwt"nc
uqpqtkucvkqp"fÓwp"nkgw"ffirgpftc."rqwt"wpg"itcpfg"rctvkg."fg"uc"eqwxgtvwtg"cpiwncktg0
Impédance <
EÓguv"nc"tfiukuvcpeg"fg"nc"dqdkpg"fw"JR"cffkvkqppfig" "nÓkorfifcpeg"fwg"cwz
oqwxgogpvu"fg"nc"dqdkpg"fcpu"wp"ejcor"ocipfivkswg"rgtocpgpv0"Gnng"uÓgzrtkog"gp
qjou"* +0"Qp"gp"vkgpftc"eqorvg"nqtuswg"nÓqp"tceeqtfgtc"ng"qw"ngu"JR" "nÓcornk0
NÓkorfifcpeg"jcdkvwgnng"fgu"JR"guv"fg"6.":"qw"38" 0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"N)cornkhkecvgwt"@"Ectcevfitkuvkswgu
vgejpkswgu"fg"n)cornkhkecvgwt
Caractéristiques techniques de l'amplificateur
Puissance
Gzrtkofig"gp"ycvvu"TOU."gnng"kpfkswg"nc"rwkuucpeg"swÓkn"rgwv"ffinkxtgt" "nqpi"vgtog.
ucpu"nkokvcvkqp"fg"fwtfig0"Gzrtkofig"gp"ycvv"rgcm"qw"et‒vg."eÓguv"nc"rwkuucpeg
kpuvcpvcpfig."ffinkxtcdng"uwt"wpg"eqwtvg"fwtfig0"Nc"rwkuucpeg"guv"gzrtkofig"uqwu"wpg
egtvckpg"ejctig"<":."6"xqktg"4"qjou0
Rct"gzgorng"<
522"Ycvvu"TOU"gv"822"Ycvvu"rgcm"uqwu":"qjou
7:2"Ycvvu"TOU"gv"3372"Ycvvu"rgcm"uqwu"6"qjou
Impédance
EÓguv"nc"Å"tfiukuvcpeg"Ç"okpkocng"uqwu"ncswgnng"kn"rgwv"hqpevkqppgt0
Classe : A, AB, B, D, H
EÓguv"nc"ectcevfitkuvkswg"swk"kpfkswg"ng"oqfg"fg"hqpevkqppgogpv"fg"nÓcornkhkecvgwt0
Gp"uqpqtkucvkqp."qp"wvknkug"ifipfitcngogpv"fgu"cornku"fg"encuug"D"qw"CD"swk
rtfiugpvgpv"fg"vtflu"dqppgu"rgthqtocpegu0"NÓcwfkqrjkng"rtfihfltgtc"nÓcornk" "encuug"C
swk"tgrtqfwkv"ng"uqp"fg"ocpkfltg"vtflu"hkfflng."cxge"vtflu"rgw"fg"fkuvqtukqp"="ocku"eg"v{rg
fg"oqpvcig"fingevtqpkswg"guv"rgw"rwkuucpv"gv"ffiicig"wpg"ejcngwt"korqtvcpvg0"Ngu
encuugu"F"gv"J"uqpv"wvknkufigu"rqwt"ngu"vtflu"itquugu"rwkuucpegu0
Alimentation
Kn"gzkuvg"fgwz"v{rgu"fÓcnkogpvcvkqp"rqwt"ngu"cornkhkecvgwtu"<
NÓcnkogpvcvkqp"rct"vtcpuhqtocvgwt"<"ng"rqkfu"fg"nÓcnkogpvcvkqp"guv"korqtvcpv"ect"kn
pfieguukvg"wp"itqu"vtcpuhqtocvgwt"gv"wp"u{uvflog"fg"tfiiwncvkqp"*uwtvqwv"rqwt"fg"hqtvgu
rwkuucpegu+0
NÓcnkogpvcvkqp" "ffieqwrcig"<"eÓguv"nÓcnkogpvcvkqp"ugevgwt"swg"nÓqp"vtcpuhqtog
kpuvcpvcpfiogpv"gp"vgpukqp"fg"hqpevkqppgogpv"fg"nÓcornkhkecvgwt0"Eg"u{uvflog
rquuflfg"rgw"fg"tfiugtxg"fÓfipgtikg"gv"eÓguv"nc"swcnkvfi"fg"nc"uqwteg"fg"eqwtcpv"swk
fqppgtc"ng"f{pcokuog" "nÓcornk0
NB <
Nc"rwkuucpeg"fg"nÓcornk"fqwdng"swcukogpv"nqtuswg"nÓqp"fkokpwg"uqp"korfifcpeg"fg"ejctig0
Nc"rwkuucpeg"oczkocng"fÓwp"cornkhkecvgwt"guv"fqppfig"rqwt"wpg"egtvckpg"vgpukqp" "uqp
gpvtfig0
Gzgorng"<"2.997"xqnv"="3.6"xqnv0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Cvvgpvkqp"cw"dtcpejgogpv"fg"rnwukgwtu"cornkhkecvgwtu"fg"hqtvg"rwkuucpeg"uwt"wpg"ukorng
rtkug"38"Corfltgu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Gp"rtcvkswg"@"Kpuvcnncvkqp"fgu"gpegkpvgu
Installation des enceintes
Comment et où installer des enceintes ?
Rappel de quelques notions <
Ejcswg"hqku"swg"nÓqp"fqwdng"nc"fkuvcpeg"gpvtg"wpg"uqwteg"*JR+"gv"wp"cwfkvgwt."qp
rgtf"8"fD"*wp"rgw"oqkpu"nqtuswÓqp"ug"vtqwxg"gp"kpvfitkgwt+0
NÓkpvgnnkikdknkvfi"guv"fqppfig"rct"ngu"htfiswgpegu"ckiw u0
Ngu"ckiwu"uÓcvvfipwgpv"rnwu"tcrkfgogpv"swg"ngu"dcuugu0
Ngu"dcuugu"tc{qppgpv"fg"ocpkfltg"qopkfktgevkqppgnng0
Ngu"gpegkpvgu"fkhhwugpv"ng"uqp"*uwtvqwv"ng"ofifkwo"1"ckiw"swk"pqwu"kpvfitguug"rqwt"wpg
dqppg"kpvgnnkikdknkvfi+"ugnqp"wpg"egtvckpg"eqwxgtvwtg"cpiwncktg"jqtk|qpvcng"gv"xgtvkecng0
Exemple d’installation <
Ng"rwdnke"guv"kpuvcnnfi"uwt"ng"rctvgttg"gv"ngu"gpegkpvgu"*eqwxgtvwtg";2̇J"z"62̇X+"uqpv
rqufigu"uwt"ueflpg0"Qp"eqpuvcvg"swg"ng"rwdnke"fgu"rtgokgtu"tcpiu"tg›qkv"dgcweqwr
rnwu"fg"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg"swg"ngu"fgtpkgtu0"Nc"eqwxgtvwtg"pÓguv"rcu"jqoqiflpg0
NÓfipgtikg"cw/fguuwu"fg"nÓczg"guv"rgtfwg0"Ngu"vqwv"rtgokgtu"tcpiu"pg"uqpv"rcu
eqwxgtvu"rct"ngu"ckiwu0
Uk"qp"uwurgpf"nÓgpegkpvg."qp"fkokpwg"nc"fkhhfitgpeg"fg"fkuvcpeg"gpvtg"ngu"rtgokfltgu"gv
ngu"fgtpkfltgu"rgtuqppgu"eqwxgtvgu"rct"nÓgpegkpvg0"Nc"eqwxgtvwtg"guv"rnwu"tfiiwnkfltg0
NÓfipgtikg"uwrfitkgwtg" "nÓczg"guv"wvkng0"Ngu"vqwv"rtgokgtu"tcpiu"pg"uqpv"vqwlqwtu"rcu
eqwxgtvu0"Kn"hcwv"kpuvcnngt"fgu"rgvkvgu"gpegkpvgu"uwrrnfiogpvcktgu"rqwt"eqodngt"eg"vtqw
fcpu"nc"eqwxgtvwtg0
Gzgorng"f)"wvknkucvkqp"<
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Fquukgtu"vgejpkswgu"@"Hknvtgu"gv
eqttgevgwtu
Filtres et correcteurs
Les filtres
Ng"hknvtg"guv"wp"cornkhkecvgwt"urfiekhkswg"swk"cikv"uwt"ngu"htfiswgpegu0
Kn"ugtv" "uwrrtkogt"egtvckpgu"rncigu"fg"htfiswgpegu0"Qp"nÓwvknkug"rqwt"fkxkugt"nc"oqfwncvkqp
gp"rnwukgwtu"dcpfgu"fg"htfiswgpegu"*ecu"fÓwpg"cornkhkecvkqp"cevkxg" "5"qw"6"dcpfgu+"qw
rqwt"pg"nckuugt"rcuugt."gv"eg"fÓwpg"hc›qp"rnwu"ghhkeceg"swÓcxge"wp"fiicnkugwt."swg"egtvckpgu
rncigu"fg"htfiswgpegu0
Qp"fkuvkpiwg"6"v{rgu"fg"hknvtgu"<
ng"hknvtg"rcuug/dcu"*jk"ewv+"pg"nckuug"rcuugt"swg"ngu"htfiswgpegu"dcuugu"*uejfioc"C+
ng"hknvtg"rcuug/jcwv"*nqy"ewv+"pg"nckuug"rcuugt"swg"ngu"htfiswgpegu"ckiw u"*uejfioc"D+
ng"hknvtg"rcuug/dcpfg"pg"nckuug"rcuugt"swg"ngu"htfiswgpegu"eqortkugu"gpvtg"4"nkokvgu
*uejfioc"E+
ng"hknvtg"eqwrg/dcpfg"*dcpf"tglgev+"nckuug"rcuugt"vqwvgu"ngu"htfiswgpegu" "nÓgzegrvkqp"fg
egnngu"ukvwfigu"cwvqwt"fÓwpg"egtvckpg"htfiswgpeg"*uejfioc"F+
Nc1ngu"htfiswgpeg*u+"fÓcevkqp"gv"nc"nctigwt"fg"dcpfg"*dcpfykvj+"fgu"hknvtgu"uqpv"hkzgu"qw
ufingevkqppcdngu"ugnqp"ngu"oqfflngu0
C"< filtre passe-bas E"< filtre passe-bande
D"< filtre passe-haut F"< filtre coupe-bande
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Les correcteurs ou égalisateurs
Qp"ngu"wvknkug"rqwt"cofinkqtgt"qw"vtcpuhqtogt"nc"eqwngwt"uqpqtg"fÓwp"kpuvtwogpv"kuqnfi"qw
fÓwp"okzcig"eqorngv."ocku"cwuuk"rqwt"eqttkigt"ngu"ffihcwvu"fÓwpg"ucnng."tfifwktg"ngu
nctugpu000
L’égaliseur à plateau HI SHELF ou LOW SHELF
Qp"nÓwvknkug"uqwxgpv"rqwt"ngu"gzvtfiokvfiu"fw"urgevtg"*ckiwu"gv"itcxgu+0
Kn"pÓcikv"swg"uwt"ngu"htfiswgpegu"gzvt‒ogu"fg"nc"dcpfg"cwfkq0"Qp"cvvfipwg"qw"cwiogpvg
vqwvgu"ngu"htfiswgpegu"uwrfitkgwtgu"qw"kphfitkgwtgu" "uc"xcngwt"ugnqp"swÓqp"ug"vtqwxg"gp
rtfiugpeg"fÓwp"eqttgevgwt"fg"itcxgu"qw"fÓckiwu0"Kn"pÓ{"c"swÓwp"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"fg"ickp"="nc
htfiswgpeg"oqfkhkfig"guv"hkzfig"nqtu"fg"uc"hcdtkecvkqp0"Uwt"egtvckpu"oqfflngu"fg"vcdngu"fg
okzcig."qp"rgwv"vtqwxgt"wp"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"rgtogvvcpv"fg"ejqkukt"nc"htfiswgpeg"fÓcevkqp"fw
eqttgevgwt0
L’égaliseur paramétrique :
*qp"rgwv"kpvgtxgpkt"uwt"vqwu"ngu"rctcoflvtgu+"EÓguv"ng"rnwu"eqorngv0"Kn"ug"eqorqug"<
fÓwp"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"fg"ickp"qw"tfifwevkqp"*-1/"34fD+0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
fÓwp"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"rqwt"ejqkukt"nc"htfiswgpeg"egpvtcng
fÓwp"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"swk"tfling"nc"nctigwt"fÓcevkqp"fw"hknvtg
cwvqwt"fg"nc"htfiswgpeg"egpvtcng"*fg"2.3" "4"qevcxgu+
crrgnfig"fiicngogpv"Å"S"Ç0
NqtuswÓkn"ocpswg"ng"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"fg"nctigwt"fÓcevkqp.
ng"eqpuvtwevgwt"c"hkzfi"wpg"xcngwt"fÓcevkqp"fw"hknvtg"*2.7
qevcxg"rct"gzgorng"rqwt"wp"hknvtg"cuug|"ugttfi+0"Qp"nÓcrrgnng
cnqtu"fiicnkugwt"ugok/rctcofivtkswg
Vtwe"fw"lqwt"<"rqwt"vtqwxgt"nc"htfiswgpeg" "tfifwktg"uwt"wp"uqp"rct"gzgorng."qp"cwiogpvg"ng
ickp"fw"hknvtg"rwku"qp"ffirnceg"nc"htfiswgpeg"cxge"ng"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"ffifkfi"lwuswÓ "gpvgpftg
gzcifitfiogpv"egvvg"htfiswgpeg0"Kn"uwhhkv"cnqtu"fg"tfifwktg"ng"ickp"="pqwu"cikuuqpu"cnqtu"uwt"nc
htfiswgpeg"gzcevg"swk"qeecukqppckv"nc"iflpg0"Rqwt"nÓqtgknng."kn"guv"rnwu"ckufi"fg"vtqwxgt"nc
htfiswgpeg"i‒pcpvg"gp"nÓcwiogpvcpv0
Uwt"ngu"eqpuqngu"oknkgw"fg"icoog."qp"vtqwxg"ifipfitcngogpv"wp"fiicnkugwt" "rncvgcw"rqwt
ngu"gzvtfiokvfiu"fw"urgevtg"*itcxgu"gv"ckiwu+"ckpuk"swg"4"fiicnkugwtu"ugok/rctcofivtkswgu
rqwt"ng"dcu/ofifkwo"gv"ng"ofifkwo/ckiw0
Uwt"ngu"eqpuqngu"jcwv"fg"icoog."qp"fkurqug"fg"6"eqttgevgwtu"rctcofivtkswgu"dcnc{cpv
nÓgpugodng"fw"urgevtg"cxge"tgeqwxtgogpv"fgu"htfiswgpegu"fÓcevkqp"<"qp"rgwv"rct"gzgorng.
cwiogpvgt" "422"jgtv|"cxge"wp"eqttgevgwt"gv"eqwrgt" "472"jgtv|"cxge"wp"cwvtg"eqttgevgwt
rctcofivtkswg0
L’égaliseur graphique <
*tgrtfiugpvcvkqp"gp"hqtog"fg"itcrjkswg"fg"ugu"ewtugwtu+0
Nc"dcpfg"cwfkq"guv"fkxkufig"gp"wp"egtvckp"pqodtg"fg"dcpfgu"fg"htfiswgpegu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Ng"rnwu"ukorng"guv"nÓfiicnkugwt" "4"qw"5"dcpfgu"*itcxg."ofifkwo."ckiw+"swg"nÓqp"vtqwxg"uwt
pqu"ejc pgu"jkhk"fqoguvkswgu"qw"pqu"cornku"rqwt"kpuvtwogpvu0
Rwku."qp"vtqwxg"egtvckpu"crrctgknu"fiswkrfiu"fÓwp"fiicnkugwt" "8.":"qw"37"dcpfgu0
Ngu"fiicnkugwtu"wvknkufiu"uwt"ueflpg"qw"gp"uvwfkq"fqkxgpv"rgtogvvtg"fgu"tfiincigu"vtflu"rtfieku
gv"rtqrqugpv"53"dcpfgu"fg"htfiswgpegu"pqtocnkufigu"<
42"J|"/"47"/"53"/"62"/"72"/"85"/":2"/"322"/"347"/"382"/"422"/"472"/"537"/"622"/"722"/"852"/
:22"J|"/"3"mJ|"/"3.4"/"3.8"/"4"/"4.7"/"5.37"/"6"/"7"/"8.5"/":"/"32"/"34.7"/"38"/"42"mJ|0
Qp"c"fkxkufi"ngu"32"qevcxgu"tgrtfiugpvcpv"ngu"htfiswgpegu"cwfkdngu"rct"nÓjqoog"gp"315
fÓqevcxg0"Ejcswg"ewtugwt"vtcxcknng"uwt"5"pqvgu
Utilisations de l’égaliseur graphique <
NÓfiicnkugwt"itcrjkswg"rgtogv"<
fÓfinkokpgt"fgu"tfiuqpcpegu"fwgu" "nÓceqwuvkswg"fg"nc"ucnng0"Qp"tfifwkv"xqnqpvcktgogpv
nÓcornkhkecvkqp"fgu"htfiswgpegu"i‒pcpvgu"gv"fg"eg"hckv"nc"tficevkqp"ceqwuvkswg"fg"nc"ucnng0
fÓcofinkqtgt"nfiifltgogpv"nc"eqwtdg"fg"tfirqpug"fgu"gpegkpvgu0
fg"vtckvgt"fktgevgogpv"rct"wpg"fiicnkucvkqp"nÓgpugodng"fÓwp"okzcig"owukecn0
fg"tfifwktg"ng"nctugp"gv"fÓfinkokpgt"ngu"htfiswgpegu"ugpukdngu0
Ifipfitcngogpv."qp"ng"rnceg"fcpu"nc"ejc pg"fingevtqceqwuvkswg"gpvtg"wpg"uqtvkg"fg"nc
eqpuqng"fg"okzcig"gv"nÓcornkhkecvgwt0"Qp"wvknkug"wp"fiicnkugwt"rqwt"vtckvgt"ngu"gpegkpvgu"fg
fkhhwukqp"rwdnke"ocku"cwuuk"rqwt"eqttkigt"ngu"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg"gv"hcktg"tgewngt"ngu"tkuswgu
fÓceetqejcigu"ceqwuvkswgu"fwu" "nc"rtqzkokvfi"fgu"oketqu"rct"tcrrqtv"cwz"jcwv/rctngwtu."gv
"ngwt"hqtv"xqnwog"fÓcornkhkecvkqp"fgocpffi"rct"ngu"owukekgpu0
Nqtuswg"nÓqp"wvknkug"wpg"eqpuqng"urfiekhkswg"swk"ifltg"ngu"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg."ngu"fiicnkugwtu
itcrjkswgu"uqpv"kpufitfiu"cw"pkxgcw"fg"nc"eqpuqng."cxcpv"ngu"ifipfitcwz"fg"uqtvkgu"it¤eg"cw
rqkpv"fÓkpugtv."fg"ocpkfltg" "eg"swg"ng"vgejpkekgp"rwkuug"gpvgpftg"/"gp"CHN"fcpu"uqp"tgvqwt
fg"ueflpg"fÓfieqwvg"rgtuqppgnng"/"ngu"eqttgevkqpu"crrqtvfigu" "ejcswg"gpegkpvg
eqttgurqpfcpv" "vgn"qw"vgn"owukekgp0"Kn"rqwttc"okgwz"lwigt"fw"okzcig"gv"fw"vkodtg"swÓkn"ngwt
cftguug0
Vtwe"fw"lqwt"<
rqwt"vtqwxgt"nc"htfiswgpeg" "tfifwktg"uwt"wp"uqp"rct"gzgorng."qp"cwiogpvg"ng"ickp"fw"hknvtg
rwku"qp"ffirnceg"nc"htfiswgpeg"cxge"ng"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"ffifkfi"lwuswÓ "gpvgpftg"gzcifitfiogpv
egvvg"htfiswgpeg0"Kn"uwhhkv"cnqtu"fg"tfifwktg"ng"ickp"="pqwu"cikuuqpu"cnqtu"uwt"nc"htfiswgpeg
gzcevg"swk"qeecukqppckv"nc"iflpg0"Rqwt"nÓqtgknng."kn"guv"rnwu"ckufi"fg"vtqwxgt"nc"htfiswgpeg
i‒pcpvg"gp"nÓcwiogpvcpv0
kn"guv"kpfkurgpucdng"fg"eqttkigt"nc"eqwtdg"fg"tfirqpug"fÓwp"u{uvflog"uqpq1ucnng"gp"tfifwkucpv
ngu"htfiswgpegu"itcxgu"gv"dcu/ofifkwou"gzkuvcpvgu"gp"gzeflu"gv"cornkhkfigu"rct"nÓceqwuvkswg
fg"nc"ucnng"*eg"swk"rtqxqswg"wp"ghhgv"fg"ocuswg+."rnwv»v"swg"fg"xqwnqkt"u{uvfiocvkswgogpv
cwiogpvgt"ngu"htfiswgpegu"ckiw u0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"E¤dncig"gv"eqppgevgwtu"@"Ngu"fkhhfitgpvu
pkxgcwz"fingevtkswgu
Les différents niveaux électriques
Fcpu"nc"ejc pg"fingevtq"ceqwuvkswg"kn"gzkuvg"fgu"ukipcwz"fg"vqwvgu"cornkvwfgu"<
Les petits niveaux électriques de l’audio :
Ng"oketqrjqpg."rtgokgt"finfiogpv"fg"nc"ejc pg."rtqfwkv"wp"vqwv"rgvkv"ukipcn"fingevtkswg
swk"fqkv"‒vtg"xfijkewnfi"fcpu"ngu"ogknngwtgu"eqpfkvkqpu"lwuswÓ "pqvtg"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig
rct"wp"e¤dng"swk"rgwv"cvvgkpftg"322"o"uwt"egtvckpgu"kpuvcnncvkqpu."xqktg"fcxcpvcig0
Fgu"rctcukvgu"fg"vqwvgu"uqtvgu"*rctcukvgu"fingevtkswgu."tcfkq"htfiswgpeguÈ+"uqpv
rtfiugpvu"fcpu"nÓcvoqurjfltg"gv"pqvtg"hckdng"ukipcn"fqkv"gp"‒vtg"rtqvfiifi0
Rqwt"eg"hcktg"pqwu"wvknkugtqpu"wpg"nkckuqp"u{ofivtkswg"tficnkufig"rct"wp"e¤dng"dnkpffi" "4
hknu"eqpuvkvwfi"fg"fgwz"eqpfwevgwtu"vqvcngogpv"kfgpvkswgu"*fqpe"u{ofivtkswgu+."kuqnfiu
gv"vqtucffiu."gv"fÓwp"dnkpfcig"*pcrrg"fg"hknu"vqtucffiu"qw"vtguufiu."hgwknng"fÓcnwokpkwo.
ickpg"gp"ocvkfltg"rncuvkswg+0
Ejcewp"ugtc"wvknkufi"rqwt"hcktg"rcuugt"ng"ukipcn"<"nÓwp"rqwt"nÓcnngt"*-+."nÓcwvtg"rqwt"ng
tgvqwt"*/+0"Ng"dnkpfcig"lqwg"wp"t»ng"rtqvgevgwt"gp"eqpuvkvwcpv"wp"fietcp"swk"gor‒ejg
ngu"rctcukvgu"fg"uÓcffkvkqppgt"cw"ukipcn0"Kn"guv"eqppgevfi" "nc"ocuug"fg"nc"eqpuqng"*3+0
Ocku"uk"fgu"rctcukvgu"crrctckuugpv"ocnitfi"vqwv"uwt"pqvtg"e¤dng."knu"uqpv"rcthckvgogpv
kfgpvkswgu"rwkuswg"pqvtg"e¤dng"guv"u{ofivtkswg"*ngu"fgwz"e¤dngu"tgegxcpv"ngu"o‒ogu
rctcukvgu+0
Eqoog"ng"ektewkv"fÓgpvtfig"fg"nc"eqpuqng"ecnewng"nc"fkhhfitgpeg."ngu"fgwz"ukipcwz"U"fg
pqvtg"oketq"uÓcffkvkqppgpv"*"U"-"oqkpu"U"a"?"4"U"+"gv"ngu"rctcukvgu"R"kfgpvkswgu
uÓcppwngpv"*"R"-"oqkpu"R"-"?"2"+0
Qp"wvknkug"wp"eqppgevgwt"fg"v{rg"ZNT"hgognng"rqwt"tgegxqkt"nc"oqfwncvkqp"oketq"gv
wp"eqppgevgwt"fg"v{rg"ZNT"o¤ng"rqwt"gpvtgt"nc"oqfwncvkqp"fcpu"nc"vcdng0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Schéma de câblage d'un câble XLR symétrique blindé
Les niveaux électriques moyens :
Eg"uqpv"ngu"ukipcwz"rtfi/cornkhkfiu"fg"nc"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig."egwz"fgu"ngevgwtu"v{rg
EF."M9."Okpk"fkue."Ocipfivqrjqpg."fgu"kpuvtwogpvu"fg"owukswg"fingevtkswguÈ
uwt"fg"nqpiwgu"gv"oq{gppgu"fkuvcpegu."nc"nkckuqp"fgxtc"‒vtg"u{ofivtkswg"dnkpffig"*4
eqpfwevgwtu"kfgpvkswgu"-"dnkpfcig+0
Qp"rgwv"wvknkugt"vqwv"v{rg"fg"eqppgevgwtu" "vtqku"eqpvcevu"<"ZNT."lcem"uvfitfiqÈ
Attention <"uk"ng"ukipcn"swg"nÓqp"fqkv"xfijkewngt"*u{pvjfivkugwt."iwkvctg."ngevgwt"EFÈ+
guv"cu{ofivtkswg"*uqtvkgu"ekpej."lcem"oqpq."qw"o‒og"ZNT+."kn"hcwv"u{ofivtkugt"nc
nkckuqp" "nÓckfg"fÓwpg"dqkvg"fg"fktgevg"cevkxg"qw"rcuukxg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
uwt"fg"eqwtvgu"fkuvcpegu."swgnswgu"oflvtgu"cw"oczkowo."nc"nkckuqp"rgwv"‒vtg
cu{ofivtkswg0Qp"wvknkug"cnqtu"wp"e¤dng"eqczkcn" "3"eqpfwevgwt"*tgnkfi"cw"rqkpv"ejcwf+"gv
wp"dnkpfcig"swk"xfijkewngtc"ng"rqkpv"htqkf"fw"ukipcn0"Ifipfitcngogpv."ng"eqppgevgwt"
fgwz"eqpvcevu"fg"nc"nkckuqp"cu{ofivtkswg"guv"ng"lcem"oqpq"qw"nc"hkejg"ekpej"*qw"TEC+0
Les liaisons asymétriques uqpv"tgncvkxgogpv"ugpukdngu"cwz"ejcoru
fingevtqocipfivkswgu0"Ugu"fgwz"eqpfwevgwtu"pg"uqpv"rcu"kfgpvkswgu"<"nÓwp"guv"wp"e¤dng
cuug|"hkp" "hknu"vqtucffiu"="nÓcwvtg"wpg"ickpg"vtguufig"qw"wpg"hgwknng"fÓcnwokpkwo"gv"wp"hkn
ffipwffi"swk"cuuwtg"nc"eqpvkpwkvfi0
Un champ électromagnétique parasite rgwv"crrctc vtg"uwt"ng"vtclgv"fw"e¤dng0"Nc
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
vgpukqp"rctcukvg"rtqfwkvg"pÓguv"rcu"nc"o‒og"uwt"ejcewp"fgu"eqpfwevgwtu"fw"hckv"fg"nc
fkhhfitgpeg"fg"ifiqofivtkg"fw"dnkpfcig"gv"fg"nÓ¤og0"Rnwu"ng"e¤dng"ugtc"nqpi."rnwu
korqtvcpvg"ugtc"nc"vgpukqp"rctcukvg0
Qp"rgwv"cofinkqtgt"nc"nkckuqp"cu{ofivtkswg"gp"wvknkucpv"wp câble symétrique blindé q́
nÓqp"eqppgevgtc"ngu"fgwz"hknu"cw"-"gv"Î"fw"ukipcn0"Nc"ocuug"ugtc"eqppgevfig"cw"rqkpv
htqkf"ocku"ugwngogpv" "nÓwpg"fg"ugu"gzvtfiokvfiu0"Cwewp"eqwtcpv"pg"ektewng"fcpu"ng
dnkpfcig"swk"lqwg"vqwv"fg"o‒og"uqp"t»ng"fÓfietcp0
Les niveaux électriques importants :
Eg"uqpv"egwz"swg"nÓqp"vtqwxg"crtflu"nÓcornkhkecvgwt"rqwt"cnkogpvgt"ngu"gpegkpvgu
ceqwuvkswgu0"Kek."rnwu"fg"rtqdnflog"fg"rtqvgevkqp"eqpvtg"ngu"rctcukvgu."pqvtg"ukipcn"guv
rwkuucpv0
Rct"eqpvtg."kn"hcwv"nkokvgt"cw"oczkowo"nc"rgtvg"fg"rwkuucpeg"fcpu"ng"e¤dng"swk"fgxtc
‒vtg"fg"hqtvg"ugevkqp"gv"ng"rnwu"eqwtv"rquukdng0
Qp"xgknngtc" "crrtqejgt"ngu"tcemu"fÓcornku"fgu"jcwvu"rctngwtu"rqwt"tfifwktg"nc
nqpiwgwt"fg"e¤dng"cnkogpvcpv"ngu"JR0
Qp"wvknkug"rnwukgwtu"v{rgu"fg"eqppgevgwtu"ugnqp"ng"v{rg"fÓgpegkpvg" "tceeqtfgt"*lcem.
ZNTÈ+"ocku"nc norme européenne fgocpfg" "eg"swÓkn"uqkv"korquukdng"fg"vqwejgt
ngu"eqppgevgwtu"fflu"nqtu"swg"nc"vgpukqp"guv"uwrfitkgwtg" "47"Xqnvu"cnvgtpcvkh"*uqkv"97
Ycvvu"uqwu":"qjou."378"Ycvvu"uqwu"6"qjou+0
Ng"eqppgevgwt"URGCMQP"rgtogv"fgu"nkckuqpu"jcwv/rctngwtu" "swcvtg"qw"jwkv"rqkpvu
fg"eqpvcev"ucpu"tkuswgt"wp"eqpvcev"ceekfgpvgn0"EÓguv"rqwtswqk"qp"ng"vtqwxg"fg"rnwu"gp
rnwu"htfiswgoogpv"uwt"ngu"gpegkpvgu"gv"ngu"cornku0
Cvvgpvkqp" "dkgp"xfitkhkgt"ngu"eqppgevgwtu"swg"nÓqp"tficnkug"="ngu"tcnnqpigu"fqkxgpv"‒vtg
ÐvtcpurctgpvguÑ"<"ng"e¤dng"ṗ3"fg"nc"o¤ng"uwt"ng"3"fg"nc"hgognng."ng"ṗ4."uwt"ng"4È"gve0
Wpg"gttgwt"guv"xkvg"cttkxfig"o‒og"ejg|"ngu"vgejpkekgpu"ngu"rnwu"cxgtvku"#
Les multipaires <
Chkp"fÓfixkvgt"nc"okug"gp"qgwxtg"fÓwp"vtqr"itcpf"pqodtg"fg"e¤dngu."qp"wvknkug un
multipaire swk"tcuugodng"wpg"swcpvkvfi"korqtvcpvg"fg"eqpfwevgwtu"rct"rcktgu."fcpu
wpg"o‒og"ickpg0
Cwz"gzvtfiokvfiu"qp"vtqwxg"uqwxgpv"wpg"dqkvg"pwofitqvfig"qw"wp"fircpqwk"q́"ejcswg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
eqppgevgwt"tg›qkv"ugu"vtqku"e¤dngu"ickpfiu"ufirctfiogpv0
Qp"kocikpg"ckufiogpv"ng"ickp"fg"vgoru"gv"nc"hceknkvfi"fÓkpuvcnncvkqp0
Egu"ownvkrcktgu"gzkuvgpv"rqwt"ngu"oqfwncvkqpu"cwfkq"qw"JR0"Nc"ugevkqp"gv"fg"pqodtg
fg"e¤dngu"xctkgpv"ugnqp"nÓwvknkucvkqp"swg"nÓqp"gp"hckv0
Ngu"eqppgevgwtu"ownvkrngu"Jctvkpi."Uqecrgz."UrgcmqpÈ"rgtogvvgpv"fg"tficnkugt"fg
pqodtgwugu"eqppgevkqpu"gp"wp"vqwt"fg"ockp0"Eg"uqpv"ngu"eqppgevgwtu"fgu
ownvkrcktgu"rqwt"ukipcwz"cwfkq"qw"JR#
Cvvgpvkqp" "dkgp"xfitkhkgt"ngu"eqppgevgwtu"swg"nÓqp"tficnkug"="ngu"tcnnqpigu"fqkxgpv"‒vtg
ÐvtcpurctgpvguÑ"<"ng"e¤dng"ṗ3"fg"nc"o¤ng"uwt"ng"3"fg"nc"hgognng."ng"ṗ4."uwt"ng"4È"gve0
Wpg"gttgwt"guv"xkvg"cttkxfig"o‒og"ejg|"ngu"vgejpkekgpu"ngu"rnwu"cxgtvku"#
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig"@"Xqkg"f)gpvtfig
Voie d'entrée
On distingue principalement sur la console, les voies d’entrée et les voies de
sortie.
Nc"xqkg"fÓgpvtfig"rquuflfg"rnwukgwtu"tceeqtfgogpvu"rquukdngu"<
nÓgpvtfig"oketq"fiswkrfig"fÓwp"eqppgevgwt"ZNT"rgtogv"fg"tceeqtfgt"wp"ukipcn
oketqrjqpkswg"*hckdng+"u{ofivtkswg" "dcuug"korfifcpeg0
nÓgpvtfig"nkipg"*qw"nkpg+"ifipfitcngogpv"fiswkrfig"fÓwp"eqppgevgwt"LCEM"rqwt"tceeqtfgt
wp"ukipcn" "jcwvg"korfifcpeg"fqpv"ng"pkxgcw"guv"rnwu"korqtvcpv"swg"egnwk"fÓwp
oketqrjqpg0
NÓgpvtfig"nkipg"guv"ifipfitcngogpv"cu{ofivtkswg."ocku"rgwv/‒vtg"fiicngogpv"u{ofivtkswg
uwt"ngu"eqpuqngu"rtqhguukqppgnngu0
Ngu"rtkpekrcwz"tfiincigu"swg"nÓqp"vtqwxg"uwt"wpg"xqkg
fÓgpvtfig"<
̋ GAIN, TRIM qw SENS ugnqp"ngu"eqpuvtwevgwtu"<
Ffiukipg"nÓfivcig"fÓcornkhkecvkqp"fw"ukipcn0"Kn"ugtv" "fingxgt"ng"pkxgcw"fw"oketq"*qw"fg"nc
nkipg+"rqwt"nwk"fqppgt"wpg"xcngwt"swk"eqttgurqpf"cwz"vgpukqpu"fg"hqpevkqppgogpv"fgu
ektewkvu"fg"nc"eqpuqng0"Ng"pkxgcw"guv"xkukdng"uwt"ng"xw/oflvtg"fg"nc"eqpuqng"nqtuswg"nÓqp
crrwkg"uwt"ng"dqwvqp"RHN"qw"EWG"="qw"uwtwp"dctitcrjg"xkuwcnkucpv"vqwvgu"ngu
gpvtfigu"fg"nc"eqpuqng"uk"gnng"gp"guv"fiswkrfig0"Vtqr"hckdng."›c"uqwhhng"#"Vtqr"hqtv."›c
ucvwtg"*etcswgogpvu."fkuvqtukqp+"#
̋ PAD, LINE qw HI-Z ugnqp"ngu"eqpuvtwevgwtu"<
Cvvfipwcvkqp."gp"ifipfitcn"fg"42"fD."fw"ukipcn"rtfiugpv"
nÓgpvtfig"oketq0
Qp"nÓwvknkug"nqtuswÓwp"ukipcn"guv"vtqr"hqtv."crtflu"nÓcxqkt"tfifwkv"cxge"wp"ICKP"cw
okpkowo"*ecu"fgu"dq vgu"fg"fktgev"qw"oketqu"fg"itquug"eckuug"gv"eckuug"encktgÈ+
Cvvgpvkqp"#"Uwt"egtvckpgu"eqpuqngu."eg"dqwvqp"ugtv"fiicngogpv" "eqoowvgt"nÓgpvtfig
nkipg"#
̋ LOW CUT <
EÓguv"wp"hknvtg"rcuug/jcwv"swk"eqwrg"ngu"htfiswgpegu"kphfitkgwtgu" "uc"xcngwt"*97.":2"qw
322"J|"gp"ifipfitcn+0
Uwt"egtvckpu"oqfflngu"rnwu"eqorngvu."qp"rgwv"ejqkukt
egvvg"xcngwt" "nÓckfg"fÓwp"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"tqvcvkh."gv"fcpu"eg"ecu."nc"rncig"uÓfivgpf"fg"42
J|" "622"J|0"Qp"wvknkug"eg"hknvtg"ejcswg"hqku"swg"ng"ukipcn"swg"nÓqp"fqkv"ecrvgt"pg
eqpvkgpv"rcu"fg"htfiswgpegu"kphfitkgwtgu" "uc"xcngwt0"Qp"fixkvg"ckpuk"fÓcornkhkgt"fgu
tfiuqpcpegu"rctcukvgu"="qp"tfifwkv"ngu"Å"rqr"Ç"fg"nc"xqkzÈ
̋ Ø PHASE /"kpxgtugwt"fg"rqnctkvfi"<
Eg"eqoowvcvgwt"rgtogv"fg"tgpxgtugt"nc"rqnctkvfi"fw
ukipcn"rtfiugpv" "uqp"gpvtfig"*ng"rqkpv"ejcwf"4"xc"uwt"ng
rqkpv"htqkf"5+0"Qp"nÓwvknkug"nqtuswg"nÓqp"rnceg"rnwukgwtu"oketqrjqpgu"uwt"ng"o‒og
kpuvtwogpv"qw"uwt"wp"qtcvgwt"rct"gzgorngÈ
Uk"nÓwp"fgu"fgwz"oketqrjqpgu"gpxqkg"wp"ukipcn"jqtu"rjcug"rct"tcrrqtv" "nÓcwvtg"*
ecwug"f)wp"e¤dng"ocn"uqwffi."rct"gzgorng+."kn"crrctc v"wpg"rgtvg"vtflu"cwfkdng"rct
cppwncvkqp"fg"egtvckpgu"htfiswgpegu"*rtkpekrcngogpv"ngu"itcxgu+0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
̋ 48 VOLTS /"rjcpvqo"<
NÓcevkqp"fg"eg"dqwvqp"gpxqkg"wp"eqwtcpv"fÓcnkogpvcvkqp" "nÓcrrctgkn"swk"nwk"guv
eqppgevfi"*oketqrjqpgu"fingevtq/uvcvkswgu."dq vkgtu"fg"fktgev."rtfi/cornku"fgu"oketqu"
fingevtgv+0"Qp"nÓcrrgnng"uqwxgpv"cnkogpvcvkqp"hcpv»og"rcteg"swÓgnng"guv"dkgp"rtfiugpvg
ocku"qp"pg"nÓgpvgpf"rcu0"Qp"xfijkewng"ng"-"6:X"cw"vtcxgtu"fgu"e¤dngu"eqppgevfiu"gp"4
gv"5"fg"nÓZNT"="gv"ng"/"6:X"uwt"nc"ocuug"30
̋ EQ /"fiicnkucvkqp"<
Gnng"ug"rtfiugpvg"ifipfitcngogpv"uqwu"nc"hqtog"fg
dqwvqpu"tqvcvkhu"rgtogvvcpv"fÓcwiogpvgt"qw"tfifwktg"egtvckpgu"htfiswgpegu"qw"rncigu
fg"htfiswgpegu"gv"fÓwp"eqoowvcvgwt"rgtogvvcpv"fg"ogvvtg"gp"qw"jqtu"ugtxkeg"nc
ugevkqp"fÓfiicnkucvkqp0"Qp"rgwv"ckpuk"eqorctgt"cxge"qw"ucpu"eqttgevkqp0
̋ AUX /"cwzknkcktgu"<
Eqpuvkvwfiu"fg"rnwukgwtu"rqvgpvkqoflvtgu"tqvcvkhu.
knu"rgtogvvgpv"fÓgpxq{gt"fgu"xcngwtu"fkhhfitgpvgu"fw"ukipcn"xgtu"fgu"uqtvkgu"cwzknkcktgu
*ugeqpfcktgu+"chkp"fÓcnkogpvgt"ngu"cornkhkecvgwtu"fgu"gpegkpvgu"fg"tgvqwt"fg"ueflpg"qw
fgu"ownvk/ghhgvu."rct"gzgorng0
̋ PRE/POST *hcfgt+"<
Eqoowvcvgwt"rgtogvvcpv"fg"nkgt"qw"pqp."nc"xcngwt"fw"*fgu+"cwzknkcktg*u+"cw
rqvgpvkqoflvtg"rtkpekrcn"fg"nc"xqkg0"Ifipfitcngogpv"qp"rnceg"ngu"cwzknkcktgu"ugtxcpv"cwz
tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg"gp"RTG/hcfgt"*chkp"swg"ngu"pkxgcwz"gpxq{fiu" "ejcswg"owukekgp"pg
uqkgpv"rcu"chhgevfiu"rct"ng"okzcig"rtkpekrcn"fqppfi"rct"ng"HCFGT"rqwt"nc"uqpqtkucvkqp
fg"nc"ucnng"rct"gzgorng0"Ngu"ownvk/ghhgvu"ugtqpv"cnkogpvfiu"rct"fgu"ffirctvu"cwzknkcktgu
POST-fader0"NÓghhgv"*tfixgtdfitcvkqp."ffinckÈ+
crrnkswfi" "wp"kpuvtwogpv"qw"wpg"xqkz"fqkv"rtqrqtvkqppgnngogpv"xctkgt"nqtuswg"nÓqp
ejcpig"ng"pkxgcw"fg"nÓkpuvtwogpv"qw"fg"nc"xqkz"*ucwh"ghhgv"urfiekcn"#+0
PD"<"uwt"ngu"eqpuqngu"fÓgpvtfig"fg"icoog."ngu"ffirctvu"cwzknkcktgu"uqpv"ifipfitcngogpv
hkzgu
*qw"oqfkhkcdngu" "nÓkpvfitkgwt"fg"nc"eqpuqng+"<
rct"gzgorng."CWZ"3.4.5.6"RTG"hcfgt"/"CWZ"7."8
RQUV"hcfgt0
̋ PAN <
Rqukvkqppg"ng"ukipcn"fcpu"nÓgurceg"uqpqtg
uvfitfiqrjqpkswg0"Ng"rcpqtcokswg"chhgevg"ifipfitcngogpv"nc"uqtvkg"rtkpekrcng"OKZ"ckpuk
swg"ngu"ITQWRGU0"Ng"rcpqtcokswg"vqwtpfi"vqwv" "icwejg"gpxgttc"ng"ukipcn"xgtu"ngu
uqtvkgu"N"Î"icwejg."itqwrgu"3."5."7."9È"="rncefi"vqwv" "ftqkvg."uqtvkgu"T"Î"ftqkvg.
itqwrgu"4."6."8.":È"Cw"egpvtg."vqwu"chhgevfiu."gv"vqwvgu"ngu"xcngwtu"gpvtg"egu
gzvtfiokvfiu"rgwxgpv"gzkuvgt0"Uwt"ngu"xqkgu"fÓgpvtfigu"uvfitfiq"fguvkpfigu"cwz"ngevgwtu"qw
tgvqwtu"fÓghhgvu"uvfitfiq."eÓguv"DCN"swk"tgornceg"RCP"0"Nc"dcncpeg"rgtogv"fg
tfifiswknkdtgt"ng"ukipcn"gpvtg"nc"Icwejg"gv"nc"Ftqkvg"fg"-"qw"Î"8"fD
̋ MUTE, ON, CUT ugnqp"ngu"oqfflngu"<
Eqoowvcvgwt"fÓqwxgtvwtg"qw"hgtogvwtg"fg"nc"xqkg"gv"fgu"cwzknkcktgu"rquv/hcfgt
rquufifcpv"ifipfitcngogpv"wp"vfioqkp"nwokpgwz0
Uwt"egtvckpgu"eqpuqngu."qp"rgwv"vtqwxgt"fgu"ITQWR"OWVG"swk"rgtogvvgpv"fÓqwxtkt
qw"hgtogt"wp"egtvckp"pqodtg"fg"xqkgu"ukownvcpfiogpv0
̋ PFL, CUEÈ"<
PFL /"rtfi/hcfgt"nkuvgpkpi"Å"fieqwvgt"cxcpv"ng"hcfgt"Ç"<
Eg"eqoowvcvgwt"rgtogv"fÓgpxq{gt"ng"ukipcn"fg"nc"xqkg"xgtu"nc"uqtvkg
oqpkvqtkpi1ecuswg"ckpuk"swg"uwt"ng"dctitcrjg"fg"xkuwcnkucvkqp"fw"RHN"*ifipfitcngogpv
eÓguv"egnwk"fw"OKZ+0"Qp"rgwv"ckpuk"fieqwvgt"kuqnfiogpv"cw"ecuswg."cxcpv"fÓqwxtkt"nc
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
xqkg."gv"xfitkhkgt"nc"rtfiugpeg"qw"ng"dqp"hqpevkqppgogpv"fg"vgn"qw"vgn"oketq0
̋ AFL <
chvgt/hcfgt"nkuvgpkpi"*fieqwvgt"crtflu"ng"hcfgt+
Rgtogv"fÓfieqwvgt"cw"ecuswg"qw"fg"xkuwcnkugt
ng"pkxgcw"ghhgevkh"fÓwp"ffirctv"qw"fÓwpg"uqwteg0
̋ MIX, L/R <
Eg"eqoowvcvgwt"gpxqkg"ng"ukipcn"fg"nc"xqkg"fÓgpvtfig"cwz"uqtvkgu"rtkpekrcngu"crrgnfigu
NGHV"1"TKIJV."OKZ."UVGTGQ"ugnqp"ngu"hcdtkecpvu0
̋"3"Î"4."UWD"3"Î"4"<
Gpxqkg"ng"ukipcn"cwz"uqtvkgu"itqwrgu"3"Î"4."5"Î"6."7"Î"8."9"Î":È
̋ PK, SENS, BARAGRAPHE <
Ejcswg"oqfflng"fg"eqpuqng"hqwtpktc"wp"egtvckp"pqodtg"*xqkt"rcu"fw"vqwv+"fg"NGFu
*rgvkvu"vfioqkpu"nwokpgwz+"fqppcpv"fgu"kpfkecvkqpu"rtfiekgwugu"uwt"ng"pkxgcw"fingevtkswg
rtfiugpv"fcpu"nc"xqkg"<"rgcm"fg"ucvwtcvkqp."rtfiugpeg"fÓwp"ukipcn."pkxgcw"fw"ukipcn"uwt
rnwukgwtu"eqwngwtuÈ0
̋ FADER <
Rqvgpvkqoflvtg"tgevknkipg"uwt"nc"eqpuqng0
Eg"rqvgpvkqoflvtg"tfling"ng"xqnwog"fg"nc"vtcpejg"gv"fgu"uqtvkgu"cwzknkcktgu"rquv"*crtflu+
hcfgt0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Fquukgtu"vgejpkswgu"@"Ghhgv"Jccu
Effet Haas ou effet de précédence
Rappel : le son se propage dans l’air à 340 m par seconde. Il met environ 3
milli-secondes pour parcourir 1 mètre.
C"nc"hkp"fgu"cppfigu"62."Jgnowv"Jccu"ffihkpkv"nc"nqk"fw"rtgokgt"htqpv"fÓqpfgu"<
Nc"nqecnkucvkqp"fÓwpg"uqwteg"guv"fqppfig"fcpu"nc"fktgevkqp"fÓq́"rtqxkgpv"ng"uqp"swk
cttkxg"gp"rtgokgt" "nÓqtgknng"*uqp"fktgev+."o‒og"uk"ng"uqp"tgvctffi"*egnwk"qw"egwz"swk
cttkxgpv"crtflu"nwk+"c"wpg"kpvgpukvfi"uwrfitkgwtg"cw"uqp"fktgev"fg"8" "32"fD0
Kn"gp"guv"fg"o‒og"rqwt"nc"ugpucvkqp"fg"swcnkvfi"fw"uqp"swk"guv"fqppfig"rct"nc"uqwteg
cttkxcpv" "nÓqtgknng"gp"rtgokgt"*ngu"JR"fg"tcrrgnu"rgwxgpv"‒vtg"fg"oqkpu"dqppg"swcnkvfi
uÓknu"uqpv"tgvctffiu"eqttgevgogpv+0
Explication <
Pqwu"cxqpu"4"JR"rqwt"uqpqtkugt"nc"ucnng."JR3"uwt"ueflpg"gv"JR4"uwurgpfw"<
Uk"qp"gpxqkg"nc"o‒og"oqfwncvkqp"cwz"4"JR."nÓqtkikpg"fw"uqp"rqwt"nÓcwfkvgwt"C"xkgpv
fw"JR4"swk"nwk"guv"ng"rnwu"rtqejg0"Gpuwkvg"eÓguv"ng"uqp"fw"JR3"swk"cttkxg."etficpv"wpg
tfirfivkvkqp0
Gp"crrnkswcpv"wp"tgvctf"*ffinck+" "nÓcornk"fw"JR4"eqttgurqpfcpv" "nc"fkhhfitgpeg"fg
fkuvcpeg"gpvtg"JR3"gv"JR4."qp"xc"xktvwgnngogpv"nÓcogpgt"gp"JR4,."uwt"ng"o‒og"rncp
swg"JR30"*gz0"rqwt"F"?"32o"="ng"tgvctf"ugtc"32"z"5."uqkv"52"ou+
NÓcwfkvgwt"gpvgpf"ngu"4"JR"gp"o‒og"vgoru"gv"nqecnkug"wpg"uqwteg"kocikpcktg
swgnswg"rctv"gpvtg"ngu"4"gpegkpvgu0
Gp"cwiogpvcpv"fg"swgnswgu"ou"ng"tgvctf"crrnkswfi"cw"JR4."nÓkocig"ug"ffirnceg"xgtu
ng"dcu"*JR4,,+"<"eÓguv"ockpvgpcpv"ng"JR3"swk"cttkxg"gp"rtgokgt"cwz"qtgknngu"fg
nÓcwfkvgwt0
Exemple et autre application possible du principe de l'effet Haas <
Pqwu"uqpqtkuqpu"ng"rkcpq"fcpu"pqu"gpegkpvgu"I"*icwejg+"gv"F"*ftqkvg+."cxge"wp"ickp
kphfitkgwt" "32"fD"rct"tcrrqtv"cw"uqp"ceqwuvkswg0
Ucpu"tgvctf."nc"nqecnkucvkqp"fw"uqp"guv"fqppfig"rct"ngu"JR"swk"uqpv"rnwu"rtqejgu"fgu
cwfkvgwtu"gv"fqpv"ng"uqp"cttkxg"gp"rtgokgt0
Nqtuswg"pqwu"ngwt"crrnkswqpu"wp"tgvctf"eqttgurqpfcpv" "7"o"z"5"ou."uqkv"37"ou"qw
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
nfiifltgogpv"fcxcpvcig."eÓguv"ng"uqp"fktgev"fw"rkcpq"uwkxk"fg"egnwk"fgu"JR"swk"cttkxgtc
uwt"ngu"cwfkvgwtu0"NÓqtkikpg"fw"uqp"xkgpv"fw"rkcpq"gv"ngu"JR"ugodngpv"fkurctc vtg0
Nc"uqpqtkucvkqp"fgxkgpv"vtflu"fkuetflvg"gv"ng"tgpfw"hkpcn"guv"rnwu"pcvwtgn0
La ligne à retard et rappels délayés
Rct"uqwek"fÓjqoqifipfikvfi"fcpu"nc"eqwxgtvwtg"uqpqtg."pqwu"uqoogu"uqwxgpv"cogpfiu
"kpuvcnngt"rnwukgwtu"gpegkpvgu"fg"fkhhwukqp"rqwt"eqwxtkt"eqttgevgogpv"nÓcwfkvqktg"fcpu
wpg"ucnng"fg"urgevceng"*qw"gp"rngkp/ckt+0"Ejcswg"JR"ugtc"fguvkpfi" "wpg"rctvkg"fg"nc
ucnng0
Ng"uqp"ug"rtqrcigcpv" "562"o1u"fcpu"nÓckt."kn"guv"kpfkurgpucdng"fg"tgecngt
vgorqtgnngogpv"ngu"JR"kpuvcnnfiu"eqoog"pqwu"nÓcxqpu"fixqswfi"rtfiefifgoogpv0
Fcpu"egv"gzgorng."ngu"JR"fg"nc"ueflpg"ugtqpv"pqvtg"tfihfitgpeg"vgorqtgnng0"Ngu"JR
uwurgpfwu"gp"ucnng"fgxtqpv"‒vtg"tgvctffiu"chkp"swg"nÓqp"pÓgpvgpfg"rnwu"swÓwpg"ugwng
uqwteg"xgpcpv"fg"nc"ueflpg"cw"nkgw"fg"rnwukgwtu"uqwtegu"hckucpv"fiejq0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Nc ligne à retard qw délai numérique rgtogv"fÓgoocicukpgt"ng"ukipcn"swÓqp"nwk
gpxqkg."rqwt"ng"tguvkvwgt"rnwu"vctf0
Egv"crrctgkn"rquuflfg"ifipfitcngogpv"4"gpvtfigu"*I"-"F+"gv"fg"4" "8"uqtvkgu"rgtogvvcpv
fg"tficnkugt"lwuswÓ "5"nkipgu"uvfitfiqrjqpkswgu"fg"JR"ffinc{fiu0
NÓchhkejcig"fw"tgvctf"rgwv"ug"hcktg"ifipfitcngogpv"gp"Oflvtgu."Kpejgu"qw
Oknnk/ugeqpfgu0
Kocikpqpu"swg"ngu"JR"uwurgpfwu" "rtqzkokvfi"fg"nc"ueflpg"uqkgpv" "8"o"fw"dqtf"fg
ueflpg"="swg"egwz"cw/fguuwu"fgu"itcfkpu"uqkgpv" "44"oflvtgu0"Swgnu"ugtckgpv"ngu
tgvctfu" "crrnkswgt"cwz"4"nkipgu"fg"JR"A
Rqwt"ngu"JR"rtqejgu"fg"nc"ueflpg"<"8"z"5"?"3:"ou
Rqwt"ngu"JR"cw/fguuwu"fgu"itcfkpu"<"44"z"5"?"88"ou0
Egu"xcngwtu"uqpv"vjfiqtkswgu"gv"ugtxgpv"fg"dcug"fg"vtcxckn0
NB <
uk"nÓcornkhkecvkqp"guv"uwrfitkgwtg" "32"fD"urn."nÓghhgv"pg"hqpevkqppgtc"rcu."gv"nÓqtkikpg"fw"uqp
xkgpftc"vqwlqwtu"fgu"JR"swk"ocuswgpv"ng"uqp"ceqwuvkswg"fw"rkcpq0
NÓwvknkucvkqp"fg"nqikekgnu"kphqtocvkswgu"rqwt"ffihkpkt"ngu"vgoru"fg"tgvctf"guv"rtfieqpkufig.
ocku"qp"rgwv"fiicngogpv"ghhgevwgt"egu"tfiincigu"fg"ffincku" "nÓqtgknng."gp"fkhhwucpv"wp"uqp
dtgh"gv"rgtewuukh"*gz0"ofivtqpqog+"swk"hcxqtkugtc"nc"rgtegrvkqp"fg"nÓqtkikpg"fgu"uqwtegu
uqpqtgu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Fktgevkxkvfi"fgu
oketqrjqpgu
Directivité des microphones
Nc"fktgevkxkvfi"ffihkpkv"nc"ugpukdknkvfi"fÓwp"oketqrjqpg"rct"tcrrqtv" "nc"rtqxgpcpeg"fÓwp
uqp"*cping"fÓkpekfgpeg"fg"nÓqpfg"ceqwuvkswg+0
Directivité omnidirectionnelle
Ng"oketqrjqpg"qopkfktgevkqppgn"pg"rtkxknfiikg"cwewpg"rtqxgpcpeg0
Kn"ecrvg"ngu"uqpu"xgpcpv"fg"vqwvgu"ngu"fktgevkqpu0"Qp"nÓwvknkug"tctgogpv"gp
uqpqtkucvkqp."ocku"uwtvqwv"gp"gptgikuvtgogpv0
Directivité hémisphérique
Kn"ecrvg"ngu"uqpu"rtqxgpcpv"fw"fguuwu0
EÓguv"nc"fktgevkxkvfi"fw"R¥O0
Directivité bidirectionnelle
Ng"oketqrjqpg"dkfktgevkqppgn"guv"ugpukdng"cwz"uqpu"rtqxgpcpv"fg
nÓcxcpv"gv"fg"nÓcttkfltg"fg"uc"ogodtcpg"="rct"eqpvtg"kn"pg"ecrvgtc"rcu
ngu"uqpu"xgpcpv"gu"e»vfiu0
EÓguv"ng"oketqrjqpg"fgu"fwqu"<"qp"rnceg"ngu"kpvgtrtflvgu"fg"rctv"gv
fÓcwvtg"fw"oketqrjqpg0
Directivité cardioïde (en forme de coeur)
Ng"oketqrjqpg"ectfkq•fg"guv"ugpukdng"cwz"uqpu"xgpcpv"fg"nÓcxcpv"gv"rgw
ugpukdng"cwz"uqpu"rtqxgpcpv"fg"nÓcttkfltg0"Qp"nÓwvknkugtc"ejcswg"hqku"swg
nÓqp"cwtc"dguqkp"fÓkuqngt"wpg"uqwteg"rct"tcrrqtv" "wpg"cwvtg"qw"gp"oknkgw
tfixgtdfitcpv0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Directivité hypercardioïde (en forme de coeur)
Ng"oketqrjqpg"j{rgt/ectfkq•fg"guv"rnwu"fktgevkqppgn"swg"ng"ectfkq•fg"="uqp
ejcor"fg"ecrvcvkqp"guv"rnwu"cnnqpifi"xgtu"nÓcxcpv"gv"qp"pqvg"wpg"nfiifltg
ugpukdknkvfi"xgtu"nÓcttkfltg0"Qp"wvknkug"eg"v{rg"fg"oketqrjqpg"nqtuswg"nÓqp"c
dguqkp"fg"fcxcpvcig"fg"ufingevkxkvfi"xgtu"nÓcxcpv0
Directivité des microphones "canon"
Ngwt"eqtru"tgncvkxgogpv"nqpi"*72"eo"gv"rnwu+"guv"eqpuvkvwfi"fÓwp"vwdg" "kpvgthfitgpegu
rncefi"fgxcpv"nc"ecruwng0"Eg"fkurqukvkh"rctvkewnkgt"hckv"swg"ngu"qpfgu"ecrvfigu"fcpu
nÓczg"fw"oketq"cttkxgpv"gp"rjcug."cnqtu"swg"ngu"qpfgu"ncvfitcngu"uÓcppwngpv"rct
qrrqukvkqp"fg"rjcug" "nÓkpvfitkgwt"fw"vwdg" "kpvgthfitgpegu0"Eg"oketqrjqpg"guv"fg"eg
hckv"jcwvgogpv"fktgevkh0"Qp"nÓwvknkugtc"rtkpekrcngogpv"gp"gzvfitkgwt"*gp"xkucpv"nc"uqwteg
eqoog"cxge"wp"hwukn+"rqwt"ecrvgt"fgu"uqpu"finqkipfiu"gp"tfifwkucpv"ngu"uqpu"rctcukvgu0
Rtkug"fg"uqpfg"tgrqtvcig0
PD"<"nc"oclqtkvfi"fgu"oketqrjqpgu"qpv"wpg"fktgevkxkvfi"fqppfig."ocku"egtvckpu"oqfflngu
fingevtquvcvkswgu"rtqrqugpv"rnwukgwtu"fktgevkxkvfiu"swg"nÓqp"ufingevkqppg" "nÓckfg"fÓwp
kpvgttwrvgwt0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"N)cornkhkecvgwt"@"Eqppgzkqpu
Connexions
NÓcornkhkecvgwt"guv"ifipfitcngogpv" "fgwz"ecpcwz"gv"qp"rgwv"nÓwvknkugt"gp"<
stéréo <"ejcswg"ecpcn"cornkhkg"ng"ukipcn"crrnkswfi" "uqp"gpvtfig0
parallèle <"ngu"fgwz"ecpcwz"tg›qkxgpv"ng"o‒og"ukipcn"*egnwk"fg"nÓgpvtfig"Icwejg"qw"C.
ifipfitcngogpv+
mono bridge <"qp"wvknkug"nc"rwkuucpeg"fkurqpkdng"uwt"ngu"4"ecpcwz"swg"nÓqp
cffkvkqppg0"Wp"ecpcn"cornkhkg"ngu"cnvgtpcpegu"rqukvkxgu"gv"nÓcwvtg"ngu"pfiicvkxgu0"Qp
fqwdng"nc"rwkuucpeg"gv"nÓcornk"fgxkgpv"oqpq"*3"gpvtfig"gv"3"uqtvkg+0
Entrées :
Ifipfitcngogpv"u{ofivtkswgu"gp XLR qw"lcem"uvfitfiq."gnngu"rgwxgpv"cwuuk"‒vtg
cu{ofivtkswgu"gp"lcem"oqpq"qw cinch uwt"fÓcpekgpu"oqfflngu"* "fixkvgt"rqwt"nkokvgt"ngu
rtqdnflogu"fg"tqphngvvgu+0
Sorties :
Nc"hkejg"Urgcmqp"*4."6"qw":"rqkpvu"fg"eqppgzkqp+"c"vgpfcpeg" "fiswkrgt"wp"dqp
pqodtg"fÓcornku"cevwgnu"rwkuswÓgnng"gor‒ejg"wp"eqpvcev"fktgev"cxge"ngu"eqpfwevgwtu
gv"tfirqpf"cwz"pqtogu"gwtqrfigppgu"fg"ufiewtkvfi,0"Qp"vtqwxg"cwuuk"fgu"dqtpkgtu"
e¤dngu."hkejgu"dcpcpgu"qw"lcemu"8.57"oo0
Nc"fktgevkxg"ÐDcuug"VgpukqpÑ"fg"nÓWpkqp"Gwtqrfigppg"guv"gp"xkiwgwt"fgrwku"ng"3gt
lcpxkgt"3;;90"Eqpegtpcpv"ngu"eqppgzkqpu"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu."nc"pqtog"guv"vtflu"ukorng
<"qp"pg"fqkv"rcu"tkuswgt"wp"eqpvcev"ceekfgpvgn"cxge"fgu"eqpfwevgwtu"nqtuswg"nc
vgpukqp"guv"uwrfitkgwtg" "47"Xqnvu"cnvgtpcvkh"qw"57"Xqnvu"eqpvkpw0"Uqkv."uwt"ngu"cornku"gv
jcwv/rctngwtu"f)wpg"rwkuucpeg"uwrfitkgwtg" "9:"Ycvvu"uqwu":"qjou0"Egnc"gzenwv"fgwz
v{rgu"fg"eqppgevgwtu"swk"fivckgpv"lwusw) "rtfiugpv"vtflu"wvknkufiu"<"ngu"lcemu"8.57"oo"gv
ngu"hkejgu"dcpcpg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"E¤dncig"gv"eqppgevgwtu"@"Rqnctkvfi"gv
rjcug
Polarité et phase
Ngu"eqppgevgwtu"fÓgpvtfig"gv"fg"uqtvkg"fÓwpg"eqpuqng."fÓwp"cornkhkecvgwt."fÓwpg
gpegkpvg."fÓwp"oketqrjqpg."fÓwp"jcwv/rctngwtÈ"uqpv"tgrfitfiu"gv"kpfkswgpv"ng"rqkpv
ejcwf"-"gv"ng"rqkpv"htqkf"/0"Ng"ukipcn"cwfkq"guv"wp"ukipcn"cnvgtpcvkh"swk"rcuug
uweeguukxgogpv"rct"fgu"xcngwtu"rqukvkxgu."rwku"pfiicvkxgu0"C"rtkqtk."kn"pÓ{"cwtckv"rcu
fg"tckuqp"fg"pqoogt"nÓwp"-"gv"nÓcwvtg"/"."ocku"rqwt"ng"tgurgev"fg"nc"rjcug"tgncvkxg
gpvtg"rnwukgwtu"crrctgknu"qw"JR."eg"tgrfitcig"guv"kpfkurgpucdng"#
Que se passe-t-il lorsque la polarité ou phase
(+ sur + ; - sur -) n’est pas respectée ?
UÓkn"pÓ{"c"swÓwp"oketqrjqpg"gv"wpg"gpegkpvg."rcu"fg"rtqdnflog."nc"rjcug"guv"ucpu
korqtvcpeg"="ocku"fflu"swÓkn"{"c"rnwukgwtu"jcwv/rctngwtu"gv"rnwukgwtu"oketqrjqpgu. la
phase doit être respectée <"ngu"ogodtcpgu"fgu"jcwv"rctngwtu"fqkxgpv"ug"ffirncegt
fcpu"ng"o‒og"ugpu"gv"fgwz"oketqu"rncefiu"nÓwp" "eqvfi"fg"nÓcwvtg"fqkxgpv"rtqfwktg"wpg
cwiogpvcvkqp"fg"rwkuucpeg"nqtuswÓqp"ngu"cffkvkqppg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
On veillera à vérifier la phase des enceintes avant tout travail0
Qp"rgwv"wvknkugt"wp"ukipcn"vguv"q́"ngu"fgwz"ecpcwz"uqpv"Å"gp"rjcug"Ç"gv"wp"cwvtg"q́
knu"uqpv"Å"jqtu/rjcug"Ç0"Qp"rgwv"fiicngogpv"tficnkugt"eg"vguv"cxge"wp"ukipcn"owukecn
swgneqpswg0
Uk"ngu"fgwz"gpegkpvgu"uqpv"gp"rjcug."ng"uqp"rctc v"xgpkt"fÓwp"rqkpv"ukvwfi"cw"oknkgw"fg
egnngu/ek0
Uk"wpg"gpegkpvg"guv"jqtu/rjcug"rct"tcrrqtv" "nÓcwvtg."ng"uqp"ugodng"uqtvkt"fgu"e»vfiu
fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu"="wp"ffiucitfiogpv"crrctc v" "nÓfieqwvg"gv"kn"pÓ{"c"rnwu"itcpf"ejqug
cw"egpvtg"fg"nÓfieqwvg"uvfitfiqrjqpkswg0"Qp"rgtf"ugpukdngogpv"ngu"dcuugu"htfiswgpegu0
Wpg"fieqwvg"rtqnqpifig"fÓwp"vgn"u{uvflog"rtqxqswg"wpg"i‒pg"tfignng"fwg"cw"hckv"swg
pqu"qtgknngu"tg›qkxgpv"swcuk"ukownvcpfiogpv"wp"ukipcn"gp"gv"jqtu"rjcug0
Il suffit d’inverser la polarité d’une enceinte pour rétablir la phase.
Gp"uqpqtkucvkqp"qp"wvknkug"ifipfitcngogpv"wp"tceeqtf"ZNT1ZNT"urfiekcngogpv"e¤dnfi"gp
jqtu/rjcug"swg"nÓqp"kpugtv"gpvtg"nc"vcdng"gv"nÓcornkhkecvgwt"rqwt"tgpxgtugt"nc"rjcug"uk
nÓqp"eqpuvcvg"wpg"cpqocnkg0
NqtuswÓqp"wvknkug"rnwukgwtu"oketqrjqpgu"rqwt"ecrvgt"wpg"o‒og"uqwteg."kn"hcwv
fiicngogpv"xgknngt" "tgurgevgt"nc"rqnctkvfi"fgu"oketqrjqpgu0
Qp"rctng"fcpu"fgwz"oketqrjqpgu"rncefiu"e»vg" "e»vg"="nqtuswÓqp"ngu"cffkvkqppg
*ofincpig" "fgu"xcngwtu"kfgpvkswgu+"uwt"pqvtg"vcdng"fg"okzcig."nc"oqfwncvkqp"fqkv"‒vtg
rnwu"hqtvg."uÓknu"uqpv"gp"rjcug0"UÓknu"uqpv"jqtu/rjcug"nÓwp"rct"tcrrqtv" "nÓcwvtg."ng
ukipcn"guv"oqkpu"hqtv"*xqktg"vqvcngogpv"cppwnfi"rct"qrrqukvkqp"fg"rjcug+"qw"ocpswg
eqpukffitcdngogpv"fg"itcxgu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig"@"Nc"ugevkqp"fgu
uqtvkgu
La section des sorties
Nc"ugevkqp"fgu"uqtvkgu"fg"nc"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig"rtfiugpvg"rnwukgwtu"rquukdknkvfiu"fg
tceeqtfgogpv"<
MAIN, MIX, LEFT/RIGHT, STEREO… <
Eg"uqpv"ngu"uqtvkgu"rtkpekrcngu"fg"nc"eqpuqng"="qp"{"eqppgevgtc"nc"fkhhwukqp"rtkpekrcng
qw"nÓgptgikuvtgwt"Ocuvgt0"Egu"uqtvkgu"uqpv"u{ofivtkswgu0
GROUP, SUB <
Rgtogvvgpv"nc"eqppgzkqp"xgtu"fgu"gpegkpvgu"qw"gptgikuvtgwtu"uwrrnfiogpvcktgu0"Egu
nkckuqpu"uqpv"ifipfitcngogpv"u{ofivtkswgu"gv"rgtogvvgpv"wpg"nkckuqp"fg"nqpiwg
fkuvcpeg0
MONO <
EÓguv"wpg"uqtvkg"swk"tgitqwrg"ngu"ukipcwz"Icwejg"gv"Ftqkv0
CENTRE <
Gzkuvg"uwt"egtvckpgu"eqpuqngu"ugwngogpv"gv"guv"fguvkpfig" "cnkogpvgt"wpg"fkhhwukqp
egpvtcng0
AUXILIAIRES OUT <
Eg"uqpv"ngu"uqtvkgu"fgu"gpxqku"fÓcwzknkcktgu0"Qp"tceeqtfgtc"uwt"egu"uqtvkgu"ngu
cornkhkecvgwtu"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu"fg"tgvqwt"fg"ueflpg"qw"ngu"rtqeguugwtu"fÓghhgvu0"Egu
uqtvkgu"rgwxgpv"‒vtg"cu{ofivtkswgu"uwt"ngu"eqpuqngu"gpvtfig"gv"oknkgw"fg"icoog0
RECORD <
Egvvg"uqtvkg"guv"cnkogpvfig"rct"nc"oqfwncvkqp"N1T0"Gnng"guv"ifipfitcngogpv"cu{ofivtkswg
cxge"fgu"eqppgevgwtu"EKPEJ"gv"fguvkpfig"cw"dtcpejgogpv"fÓwp"crrctgkn
fÓgptgikuvtgogpv"uvfitfiq"itcpf"rwdnke0
CASQUE <
Uqtvkg"fguvkpfig"cw"tceeqtfgogpv"fÓwp"ecuswg"rqwt"nÓfieqwvg"kuqnfig"fgu"CHN."RHN"qw
OKZ0
Control room <
Uqtvkg"rqwt"ng"tceeqtfgogpv"fgu"jcwv/rctngwtu"fg"oqpkvqtkpi"gp"gptgikuvtgogpv"rnwu
rctvkewnkfltgogpv0"Gnng"uwkv"nc"oqfwncvkqp"rtfiugpvg"uwt"nc"rtkug"ecuswg"gv"rgtogv
fÓfieqwvgt"wpg"xqkg"ugwng"*RHN."CHN+"qw"nc"oqfwncvkqp"rtfiugpvg"uwt"ng"OKZ0
Qp"rgwv"fiicngogpv"vtqwxgt"swgnswgu"gpvtfigu"uwrrnfiogpvcktgu"<
STÉRÉO RETURN ou AUX RETURN <
Eg"uqpv"fgu"gpvtfigu"uwrrnfiogpvcktgu"cw"pkxgcw"nkipg"rqwt"tceeqtfgt"fgu
fiswkrgogpvu"fw"v{rg"rtqeguugwtu"fÓghhgvu."ngevgwtu"EF."M9."OFÈ"Egu"gpvtfigu"uqpv
ifipfitcngogpv"oqkpu"eqornflvgu0
Track return <
EÓguv"wpg"gpvtfig"uvfitfiq"cxge"tfiincig"fg"xqnwog"wpkswgogpv."rgtogvvcpv"ng
tceeqtfgogpv"fg"nc"uqtvkg"fg"pqvtg"crrctgkn"fÓgptgikuvtgogpv" "nc"uqtvkg"oqpkvqtkpi
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
qw" "nc"uqtvkg"rtkpekrcng"chkp"fg"tfifieqwvgt"ng"okzcig"swk"xkgpv"fÓ‒vtg"gptgikuvtfi"ucpu
vqwejgt" "nÓfivcv"fg"nc"eqpuqng0"Egvvg"gpvtfig"uwrrnfiogpvcktg"rgwv"cwuuk"ugtxkt"
fkhhwugt"wp"ngevgwt"EF."OFÈ"nqtuswg"vqwvgu"ngu"xqkgu"fÓgpvtfig"uqpv"wvknkufigu0
Tone, gen <
Rgtogv"fg"ifipfitgt"gv"fÓgpxq{gt"rnwukgwtu"v{rgu"fg"ukipcwz"*622"J|."3222"J|."32
mJ|."dtwkv"tqugÈ+"xgtu"ngu"uqtvkgu"fg"nc"eqpuqng"rqwt"ecngt"fgu"pkxgcwz."vguvgt"fgu
ffirctvuÈ
U{pqrvkswg"f)wpg"xqkg"f)gpvtfig"eqpuqng"<
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Uwt"ng"rcppgcw"fg"tceeqtfgogpv"fgu"uqtvkgu"*OKZ."ITQWRGU+"ug"vtqwxg
ifipfitcngogpv"wp"rqkpv"fÓkpugtv"swk"rgtogv"fg"tceeqtfgt"fgu"fiswkrgogpvu
rfitkrjfitkswgu"vgnu"swÓwp"fiicnkugwt"cw"315"fÓqevcxg."wp"eqortguugwt"gve0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"jcwvu/rctngwtu"gv"gpegkpvgu"@"Ngu
gpegkpvgu
Les enceintes
NÓgpegkpvg"guv"wp"gpugodng"eqorqufi"fÓwpg"dq vg"gv"fg"jcwv/rctngwtu0
Kn"gzkuvg"rnwukgwtu"v{rgu"fÓgpegkpvgu"<
Les enceintes large bande pg"uqpv"eqpuvkvwfigu"swg"fÓwp"ugwn"jcwv/rctngwt"swk
eqwxtg"nc"swcuk"vqvcnkvfi"fg"nc"dcpfg"cwfkdng."gzegrvfigu"ngu"gzvtfiokvfiu"fw"urgevtg
*gzvt‒og"itcxg"gv"ckiw+"swk"uqpv"cvvfipwfigu0"Qp"ngu"fguvkpg" "fgu"wucigu"q́"wpg
dqppg"swcnkvfi"fg"tgrtqfwevkqp"pÓguv"rcu"pfieguucktg"*rwdnke/cftguu."JR"fiswkrcpv
egtvckpu"rquvgu"fg"tcfkq."cornkhkecvgwtu"fg"iwkvctgÈ+
Les enceintes passives "fgwz"qw"vtqku"xqkgu"uqpv"cnkogpvfigu"rct"wp"ugwn
cornkhkecvgwt"="ngu"fkhhfitgpvu"eqorqucpvu"fg"nÓgpegkpvg"tg›qkxgpv"ejcewp"nc"rncig"fg
htfiswgpegu"swÓknu"rgwxgpv"tguvkvwgt"rct"nÓwvknkucvkqp"fÓwp"hknvtg"rcuukh"kpvfiitfi"<"ng
dqqogt"tg›qkv"ngu"htfiswgpegu"itcxgu"="ng"ofifkwo."ngu"htfiswgpegu"ofifkwou"gv"ng
vyggvgt"wpkswgogpv"ngu"htfiswgpegu"ckiw u0"Egu"gpegkpvgu"qpv"ifipfitcngogpv"wp
tgpfgogpv"oqkpftg"f̂"cw"hknvtg"ufirctcvgwt"swk"guv"cwuuk"eqpuqoocvgwt"fÓfipgtikg0
Fg"eg"hckv."rqwt"fgu"rwkuucpegu"rnwu"korqtvcpvgu."qp"rtfihfltgtc"fgu"gpegkpvgu"fkvgu
cevkxgu0"Cxcpvcigu"<"eq̂v"oqkpftg."pg"pfieguukvg"swÓwp"cornkhkecvgwt."e¤dncig
ukornkhkfi0"Kpeqpxfipkgpvu"<"tgpfgogpv"oqkpu"dqp0
Les enceintes passives processées <"qp"cofinkqtg"nc"eqwtdg"fg"tfirqpug"gv"qp
rtqvflig"ngu"jcwv/rctngwtu"eqorqucpv"nÓgpegkpvg"rct"wp"rtqeguugwt"fingevtqpkswg
*ifipfitcngogpv"ffixgnqrrfi"rct"ng"hcdtkswcpv"fÓgpegkpvgu+"kpufitfi"cxcpv"nÓcornkhkecvgwt0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"hknvtg"ghhgevwg"wpg"fiicnkucvkqp"uqrjkuvkswfig"ckpuk"swÓwpg"nkokvcvkqp0"Uk"gp"rnwu"qp
cpcn{ug"ng"ukipcn"uqtvcpv"fg"nÓcornkhkecvgwt"gv1qw"qp"oguwtg"nc"vgorfitcvwtg"fw"JR."qp
rctng"fÓgpegkpvgu"cuugtxkgu0
Les enceintes actives uqpv"eqorqufigu"fg"rnwukgwtu"JR"cfcrvfiu"cwz"htfiswgpegu"
vtcpuogvvtg"ocku"cnkogpvfiu"ejcewp"rct"wp"cornkhkecvgwt0"Ejcswg"cornkhkecvgwt"pg
tg›qkv"swg"nc"rncig"fg"htfiswgpegu"swg"uqp"JR"fqkv"tguvkvwgt0"Qp"wvknkug"cnqtu"gp
coqpv"wp"hknvtg"swk"fkxkug"nÓgpugodng"fw"urgevtg"cwfkq"*42"/"42"222"J|+"gp"rnwukgwtu
dcpfgu"*xqkgu+0
Gzgorng"<
/"UWD"DCUUGU"fg"42" ":2"J|
/"DCUUGU"fg":2" "472"J|
/"OGFKWOU"fg"472" "5"MJ|
/"CKIWU"fg"5" "3:"mJ|
Avantages <"ogknngwt"tgpfgogpv"uwt"vqwvg"nc"dcpfg"rcuucpvg0"Gicnkucvkqp"fgu"JR.
rtqvgevkqp"fgu"eqorqucpvu"rct"wp"nkokvgwt."tgokug"gp"rjcug"fgu"fkhhfitgpvu"JR"fcpu
nÓgpegkpvg"uqpv"ghhgevwfigu"rct"ng"hknvtg"pwofitkswg0
Inconvénients <"eq̂v"rnwu"fingxfi"rct"nc"okug"gp"qgwxtg"fg"vtqku"qw"swcvtg
cornkhkecvgwtu"gv"fÓwp"hknvtg"ufirctcvgwt"gzvgtpg0
Les enceintes de retour de scène qw"dckpu"fg"rkgfu"*ygfig."gp"cpincku+"qpv"wpg
fidfipkuvgtkg"cfcrvfig" "ngwt"rqukvkqppgogpv"uwt"ueflpg."fgxcpv"nÓkpuvtwogpvkuvg0"N
cwuuk"qp"vtqwxg"fgu"fk|ckpgu"fg"oqfflngu"cxge"fgu"fkcoflvtgu"fg"dqqogt"rnwu"qw
oqkpu"itcpfu"gv"fgu"rcxknnqpu"fÓckiwu" "fkurgtukqp"rnwu"qw"oqkpu"uqrjkuvkswfiu0
Ifipfitcngogpv"rcuukxgu."qp"vtqwxg"swgnswgu"oqfflngu"cevkhu"qw"cwvq/cornkhkfiu0
Les enceintes auto-amplifiées <"rqwt"ukornkhkgt"nc"nqecvkqp"gv"fixkvgt"fg"nqwtfu"tcemu
fÓcornkhkecvgwtu."qp"vtqwxg"fg"rnwu"gp"rnwu"fg"hcdtkecpvu"swk"ffixgnqrrgpv"fgu
gpegkpvgu"q́"nÓcornkhkecvkqp"guv"kpvfiitfig0"Rnwu"fg"rtqdnflog"fg"e¤dng"JR."kn"uwhhkv
fÓcogpgt" "nÓgpegkpvg"cornkhkfig"wpg"cnkogpvcvkqp"ugevgwt"ckpuk"swg"nc"oqfwncvkqp
swÓgnng"fqkv"tgrtqfwktg0
Avantages <"rcu"fÓcornkhkecvgwt"pk"e¤dncig."vqwv"guv"kpvfiitfi0
Inconvénients <"tguvkvwvkqp"gv"vgpwg"gp"rwkuucpeg"oqkpu"dqppgu."fwu" "egtvckpu
eqortqoku"uwt"nÓcornkhkecvkqp0"Rqkfu"rnwu"korqtvcpv0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Gp"rtcvkswg"@"Dtcpejgogpv"fgu
gpegkpvgu
Branchement des enceintes
Peut-on brancher plusieurs enceintes sur un même canal
d'amplificateur ?
Egnc"ffirgpftc"fg"nÓimpédance fgu"gpegkpvgu"gv"fg"nÓkorfifcpeg"okpkowo"ceegrvfig
rct"nÓcornkhkecvgwt"<"Ngu"gpegkpvgu"hqpv"ifipfitcngogpv"6.":"qw"38"qjou0"Ngu
cornkhkecvgwtu"cevwgnu"vtcxcknngpv"uwt"fgu"ejctigu"cnncpv"lwuswÓ "6."xqktg"4"qjou0
Fgwz"gpegkpvgu"fg"522"ycvvu"uqwu":"qjou"dtcpejfigu"gp"rctcnnflng"uwt"wp"ecpcn
fÓcornk"*ngu"-"fgu"4"JR"uwt"ngu"-"fg"nÓcornk."ngu"Î"uwt"ngu"Î"fg"nÓcornk+"fgxkgppgpv"wpg
pqwxgnng"gpegkpvg"fg"822"ycvvu."ocku"fÓkorfifcpeg"tfifwkvg" "6"qjou0
Ngu"cornkhkecvgwtu"rtqfwkugpv"ifipfitcngogpv"wpg"rwkuucpeg"swcukogpv"fqwdng
nqtuswÓqp"fkxkug"rct"fgwz"nÓkorfifcpeg"fg"ejctig0"Wp"cornk"ffinkxtgtc"rct"gzgorng
522"ycvvu"uqwu":"qjou."gv"822"ycvvu"uqwu"6"qjou0"NÓkpvfit‒v"fÓwvknkugt"fgu
cornkhkecvgwtu"ceegrvcpv"fgu"korfifcpegu"fg"nÓqtftg"fg"4"qjou"rgtogvvcpv"fg
tceeqtfgt"vtqku"gpegkpvgu"uwt"wp"o‒og"ecpcn"fÓcornk"*ugnqp"nÓkorfifcpeg"fgu"JR+"guv
fieqpqokswg."ocku"rgtogv"fiicngogpv"wp"ickp"fg"rqkfu"gv"fg"rnceg0"Rct"eqpvtg"uÓkn
vqodg"gp"rcppg."eÓguv"wp"gpugodng"fg"vtqku"gpegkpvgu"swk"fgxkgpftqpv"owgvvgu0
Korfifcpeg"fg"5"JR"fg":"qjou"dtcpejfiu"gp"rctcnnflng"<"31:"-31:-31:"?"3120597"uqkv
4.88"qjou0
Wp"cornkhkecvgwt"rqwxcpv"vtcxcknngt"lwuswÓ "4"qjou"rqwttc"cnkogpvgt"pqu"5"JR0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Hqtowng"fg"ecnewn"rqwt"ffivgtokpgt"nÓkorfifcpeg"tfiuwnvcpvg"nqtuswg"nÓqp"dtcpejg
rnwukgwtu"JR"gp
rctcnnflng"<
T"guv"nÓkorfifcpeg"fÓwpg"gpegkpvg"gp"qjou"=
T,"guv"nÓkorfifcpeg"qdvgpwg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"E¤dncig"gv"eqppgevgwtu"@"Cnkogpvcvkqp
fingevtkswg
Alimentation électrique
Principes
Qp"vtqwxg"*qw"qp"coflpgtc"+"wpg"cttkxfig"ifipfitcng"fw"eqwtcpv"fguvkpfi"cwz"fiswkrgogpvu"fg
uqpqtkucvkqp" "rtqzkokvfi"fg"nc"ueflpg0
Uwkxcpv"nc"rwkuucpeg"pfieguucktg."qp"wvknkugtc"38."54."85"xqktg"347"corfltgu"vtkrjcufiu"rqwt
eqppgevgt"wp"eqhhtgv"fg"fkuvtkdwvkqp"gv"fg"rtqvgevkqp"swk"fgxtc"‒vtg"owpk"fÓwp"kpvgttwrvgwt
fkhhfitgpvkgn"ecnkdtfi" "2.25"corfltgu."uqkv"52"oknnkcorfltgu."rqwt"nc"rtqvgevkqp"fgu"rgtuqppgu
gp"eqpvcev"cxge"pqu"fiswkrgogpvu"fg"uqpqtkucvkqp0"Nc"oguwtg"cw"xqnvoflvtg"fqkv"fqppgt
gpvtg"442"gv"462"xqnvu"gpvtg"rjcug"gv"pgwvtg."kfgo"gpvtg"rjcug"gv"vgttg"gv"2"xqnv"gpvtg
pgwvtg"gv"vgttg0
Puis on distribue le courant <
cwz"cornkhkecvgwtu"gp"xgknncpv" "tfirctvkt"nc"rwkuucpeg"uwt"ngu"5"rjcugu"fkurqpkdngu.
"nc"eqpuqng"gp"ucnng.
"nc"eqpuqng"fguvkpfig"cwz"tgvqwtu"fg"ueflpg.
cwz"owukekgpu"uwt"ueflpg0
Qp"wvknkugtc"cw"okpkowo"fw"e¤dng"fg"4.7"oo)."xqktg"6"qw"8"oo)"ugnqp"nc"rwkuucpeg"gv"nc
nqpiwgwt0
Gp"ecu"fg"rtqdnflog"fg"rctcukvgu"korqtvcpvu"fwu"cwz"itcfcvgwtu"nwokfltg"<
qp"guuc{gtc"fg"ug"tceeqtfgt" "wpg"cwvtg"cnkogpvcvkqp"fcpu"ng"d¤vkogpv0
qp"wvknkugtc"wp"vtcpuhqtocvgwt"fÓkuqncvkqp"ugevgwt"rqwt"cnkogpvgt"nÓgpugodng"fgu
fiswkrgogpvu"fg"uqpqtkucvkqp0"Eg"vtcpuhqtocvgwt"tg›qkv"ng"eqwtcpv"fg"nÓcnkogpvcvkqp
ifipfitcng."ng"hknvtg"gv"tguvkvwg"wp"pqwxgcw"eqwtcpv0"Egek"fqkv"rgtogvvtg"fg"uqnwvkqppgt"qw
tfifwktg"fg"ocpkfltg"korqtvcpvg"ngu"rtqdnflogu"fg"tqphngogpvu0
qp"eqppgevgtc"nc"vgttg"fw"ugevgwt"fguvkpfi" "nc"uqpqtkucvkqp"uwt"wp"rkswgv"fg"vgttg"fkhhfitgpv
fgu"fiswkrgogpvu"nwokfltgu"*rcu"vqwlqwtu"vtflu"ghhkecegÈ+0"Rqwt"cuuwtgt"wpg"ogknngwtg
eqpfwevkqp."kn"guv"pfieguucktg"fg"dkgp"jwokfkhkgt"ng"rkswgv"fg"vgttg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig"@"Nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig"1
Eqpuqngu"pwofitkswgu
La table de mixage / Consoles numériques
Nc"eqpuqng"pwofitkswg"eqortgpf"ifipfitcngogpv"fgu entrées analogiques cxge"wp
rtficornkhkecvgwt"oketq/nkipg"rqwt"nc"eqppgzkqp"fg"uqwtegu"cpcnqikswgu"gv"fgu
gpvtfigu"pwofitkswgu"*swgnswghqku"qrvkqppgnngu+"rqwt"nc"eqppgzkqp"fg"uqwtegu"ffil
pwofitkufigu"*ocipfivqrjqpgu"ownvk/rkuvgu"pwofitkswgu."qtfkpcvgwtu."rtfi/cornku"C1F
gzvgtpgu+0"Wpg"hqku"rtfi/cornkhkfi. le signal est numérisfi"rct"wp"eqpxgtvkuugwt"C1F
*cpcnqikswg/fkikvcn+"="n ."pqwu"uqoogu"fcpu"ng"fqockpg"fw"pwofitkswg"eg"swk"pqwu
rgtogv"wpg"ownvkvwfg"fg"vtckvgogpvu"kphqtocvkswgu"<"fiicnkucvkqp."vtckvgogpvu
f{pcokswgu."tgvctfu."ofioqtkucvkqp"fg"ueflpgu."cwvqocvkqp."ukowncvkqpu"gp"vqwu
igptguÈ
Nc"eqpuqng"pwofitkswg"rtqrqug"ifipfitcngogpv"rnwukgwtu"uqtvkgu"cpcnqikswgu"rqwt
cnkogpvgt"cornku"gv"rfitkrjfitkswgu"cpcnqikswgu."ckpuk"swg"rnwukgwtu"hqtocvu
pwofitkswgu"*URFKH."CGU."CFCV+0"Ng"ickp"fg"rnceg"guv"eqpukffitcdng"rct"tcrrqtv"
nÓfiswkxcngpv"cpcnqikswg0"Ng"eq̂v"guv"fiicngogpv"tfifwkv."fÓq́"nÓgpiqwgogpv"cevwgn0"Rct
eqpvtg."ngu"eqorqucpvu"kphqtocvkswgu"pg"eqpvtkdwgpv"rcu" "nc"eqwngwt"fw"uqp"eqoog
ng"hqpv"ngueqorqucpvu"cpcnqikswgu"="qp"fkv"uqwxgpv"swg"ng"uqp"pwofitkswg"guv"htqkf.
ocku"pqwu"pg"uqoogu"swÓcw"ffidwv"fg"nÓfltg"pwofitkswg"gv"fcpu"eg"fqockpg"nc
vgejpqnqikg"cxcpeg"vtflu"xkvgÈ
Swgnswgu"tfihfitgpegu"<
[cocjc"23X."24T."25F."FO4222."Uqp{"FOZ"T"322."Kppqxc"Uqp"Ugpuqt{
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Gp"rtcvkswg"@"Qtftg"f)cnnwocig"gv
f)gzvkpevkqp"fgu"fiswkrgogpvu
Ordre d'allumage et d'extinction des équipements
Rqwt"fixkvgt"ngu"itqu"ENCEU"fcpu"ngu"gpegkpvgu"*eg"swk"hkpkv"rct"ngu"ffivfitkqtgtÈ+"<
A l’allumage."qp"cnkogpvg"vqwu"ngu"fiswkrgogpvu"*eqpuqng."rfitkrjfitkswguÈ+"cxcpv
ngu"cornkhkecvgwtu0
A l’extinction."qp"eqoogpeg"rct"fivgkpftg"ngu"cornkhkecvgwtu."cxcpv"ngu"cwvtgu
fiswkrgogpvu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Fquukgtu"vgejpkswgu"@"Rtkug"uqp"uvfitfiq
rct"eqwrng"fg"oketqu
Prise son stéréo par couple de micros
Nc"uvfitfiqrjqpkg"pqwu"rgtogv"fg"nqecnkugt"wpg"uqwteg"uqpqtg"fcpu"nÓgurceg0
Ng"uqp"vqwejg"fÓcdqtf"nÓqtgknng"ftqkvg."rwku"nÓcwvtg0"Egvvg"nfiifltg"fkhhfitgpeg"fg"vgoru
guv"uwhhkucpvg" "pqvtg"egtxgcw"rqwt"ffivgtokpgt"nc"fktgevkqp"fÓq́"xkgpv"nc"uqwteg
uqpqtg0
Nc"rtkug"fg"uqp"uvfitfiqrjqpkswg"rct"eqwrng"fg"oketqrjqpgu"vgpf" "tgrtqfwktg"fg
ocpkfltg"hkfflng"gv"pcvwtgnng"nc"rgtegrvkqp"fg"nÓjqoog"eqpvtcktgogpv"cw"okzcig"fg
rnwukgwtu"uqwtegu"oqpqrjqpkswgu."swg"nÓqp"rnceg"fcpu"nÓgurceg" "nÓckfg"fw
rcpqtcokswg"fg"nc"eqpuqng0"Fcpu"eg"ecu."eÓguv"nÓkpifipkgwt"fw"uqp"swk"eqpuvtwkv
nÓgurceg"uvfitfiqrjqpkswg0
Nc"rtkug"fg"uqp"uvfitfiq"rct"eqwrng"pfieguukvg"nÓwvknkucvkqp"fg"fgwz"oketqu"gv"fg"fgwz
jcwv/rctngwtu"="ejcswg"oketq"cnkogpvg"wp"JR0"Pqwu"fkuvkpiwqpu"fgwz"rtkpekrgu"fg
rtkug"fg"uqp"rct"eqwrngu"<
nc"uvfitfiq"fg"rjcug
nc"uvfitfiq"fÓkpvgpukvfi
Stéréo de phase :
procédé AB <
Kn"ogv"gp"xcngwt"ngu"fkhhfitgpegu"fg"vgoru"vtflu"eqwtvgu"*oqfkhkcpv"nc"rjcug+"swg"ogv"nc
uqwteg"uqpqtg" "vqwejgt"ngu"fgwz"oketqu"*rwku"ngu"fgwz"qtgknngu+0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Qp"hckv"xctkgt"nÓcping"gv"nÓfiectvgogpv"fgu"oketqu"ectfkq•fgu"uwkxcpv"nc"nctigwt"fg"nc
uqwteg"gv"fg"nÓgurceg"tgejgtejfi0"Uk"nÓcping"guv"vtflu"qwxgtv"pqwu"qdvgpqpu"wpg"dqppg
nqecnkucvkqp"I1F."ocku"oqkpu"fcpu"nc"rtqhqpfgwt0
Couple AB - ORTF <
Kn"c"fivfi"oku"cw"rqkpv"rct"nÓQTVH"gv"rqtvg"uqp"pqo0"Qp"wvknkug"fgwz"oketqu"ectfkq•fgu
fiectvfiu"fg"39"eo"cxge"wp"cping"fg"332̇0"Egu"xcngwtu"uÓcrrtqejgpv"fg"nc"fkuvcpeg
swk"ufirctg"ngu"fgwz"qtgknngu0
Egvvg"vgejpkswg"tgrtqfwkv"cuug|"hkfflngogpv"nc"rgtegrvkqp"jwockpg0
Stéréo d'intensité :
eqwrng"Z["<
Ngu"ecruwngu"fgu"oketqu"uqpv"eq•pekfgpvgu"gv"ogvvgpv"gp"xcngwt"nc"fkhhfitgpeg
fÓkpvgpukvfi"*xqnwog"uqpqtg+"gpvtg"ngu"fgwz"oketqrjqpgu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Nqtuswg"nc"uqwteg"guv" "icwejg."eÓguv"ng"oketq"fg"ftqkvg"*fktkifi"xgtu"nc"icwejg+"swk
tg›qkv"nÓkpvgpukvfi"nc"rnwu"itcpfg0"Qp"hckv"xctkgt"nÓcping"ckpuk"swg"nÓfiectvgogpv"fgu
ecruwngu"rqwt"finctikt"qw"tguugttgt"nÓgurceg"uvfitfiq0"Egvvg"vgejpkswg"guv"wvknkufig"fg
rtfihfitgpeg"rqwt"nc"rtkug"fg"uqp"fg"rgvkvu"gpugodngu"qw"fÓkpuvtwogpvu"fg"itcpfgu
vcknngu0
NÓghhgv"uvfitfiq"guv"oqkpu"rtqpqpefi."ocku"nc"eqorcvkdknkvfi"oqpq"guv"ogknngwtg
rwkuswÓgnng"okpkokug"ngu"rtqdnflogu"fg"rjcug"<"ngu"ukipcwz"cttkxgpv"gp"o‒og"vgoru
cwz"fgwz"oketqu."ocku" "fgu"kpvgpukvfiu"fkhhfitgpvgu0
Le procédé M/S :
Qp"wvknkug"wp"oketq"ectfkq•fg"*O+"gv"wp"oketq"dkfktgevkqppgn"*gp":"/"U+0
Nc"uqwteg"ug"ukvwg"fcpu"nÓczg"fw"oketq"ectfkq."ng"dkfktgevkqppgn"ecrvg"ngu"eqvfiu0
Eg"fkurqukvkh"pfieguukvg"wp"ocvtk›cig"uwt"nc"eqpuqng"<"qp"ofincpig"ng"oketq"ectfkq•fg
cxge"ng"dkfktgevkqppgn0"Ng"ukipcn"fw"oketq"O"guv"gpxq{fi"cw"egpvtg"fg"nc"uvfitfiq0"Ng
ukipcn"fw"oketq"U"guv"gpxq{fi" "nc"hqku" "icwejg."gp"rjcug"gv" "ftqkvg."jqtu"rjcug0
Gp"lqwcpv"uwt"ngu"pkxgcwz"fw"oketq"dkfktgevkqppgn."qp"cwiogpvg"qw"tfifwkv"nc"nctigwt
fg"nÓgurceg0"Eg"rtqefiffi"guv"cuug|"wvknkufi"cw"ekpfioc0"Kn"qhhtg"nÓcxcpvcig"fÓwpg"rtkug
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
fw"uqp"fktgev"uwt"wpg"rkuvg"gv"fg"nÓcodkcpeg"uwt"wpg"cwvtg"rkuvg"cxge"wpg"rquukdknkvfi
fg"ofincpig"cw"okzcig"gv"fg"tgetfigt"wpg"kocig"uvfitfiqrjqpkswg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"N)korfifcpeg
L'impédance
NÓkorfifcpeg"fÓwp"oketqrjqpg"guv"uc"tfiukuvcpeg"kpvgtpg."gnng"uÓgzrtkog"gp"QJOU0
Les microphones à haute impédance <
Eg"uqpv"ngu"oketqrjqpgu"fkvu"Å"cocvgwtu"Ç"fqpv"nÓkorfifcpeg"guv"fÓgpxktqp"72"222
qjou"*72"m"qjou+0"Eg"v{rg"fg"oketqrjqpg"pÓcfogv"swg"fgu"e¤dngu"fg"nkckuqp"vtflu
eqwtvu"*5" "6"oflvtgu"oczkowo+0"Cw/fgn ."kn"tfiuwnvg"fgu"rgtvgu"korqtvcpvgu"cwz
htfiswgpegu"fingxfigu0
Les microphones à basse impédance <
Eg"uqpv"ngu"oketqrjqpgu"rtqhguukqppgnu"fqpv"nÓkorfifcpeg"guv"kphfitkgwtg" "822"qjou
*gp"ifipfitcn"422"qjou+0"Knu"rgtogvvgpv"fgu"nkckuqpu"fg"vtflu"itcpfgu"nqpiwgwtu"*322
oflvtgu"gv"rnwu+0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Fquukgtu"vgejpkswgu"@"Oketqu"ucpu"hkn"qw
JH
Micros sans fil ou HF
Chkp"fg"rgtogvvtg"ngu"ffirncegogpvu"fÓwp"qtcvgwt."owukekgp."ejcpvgwt."eqofifkgpÈ
ucpu"‒vtg"i‒pfi"rct"ng"e¤dng"fw"oketq."pqwu"rqwxqpu"wvknkugt"fgu"u{uvflogu"fg
oketqrjqpgu" "vtcpuokuukqp"JH"*Jcwvgu"Htfiswgpegu+0"Ng"oketqrjqpg"ucpu"hkn
eqortgpf"wpg"ecruwng"oketqrjqpkswg"*ifipfitcngogpv"f{pcokswg"qw" "fingevtgv+"ckpuk
swÓwp"fiogvvgwt"tcfkq/htfiswgpeg"owpk"fÓwpg"cpvgppg"fÓfiokuukqp"swk"fkhhwug"ng"ukipcn
fÓwpg"ocpkfltg"qopkfktgevkqppgnng0"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"rgwxgpv"‒vtg"fw"v{rg"oketq"
ockp."etcxcvg"qw"gpeqtg"tgnkfiu" "nc"uqtvkg"fÓwp"kpuvtwogpv"fingevtkhkfi"*iwkvctgÈ+
Ng"tfiegrvgwt"JH"ecrvg"ng"ukipcn"fw"oketqrjqpg"rct"uqp"cpvgppg"gv"ng"vtcpuogv" "nc
eqpuqng"fg"okzcig0
Qp"rgwv"fkuvkpiwgt"fgwz"v{rgu"fg"tfiegrvgwtu"<
ngu"tfiegrvgwtu"ukorngu" "wpg"cpvgppg"gv"wp"tfiegrvgwt0
ngu"tfiegrvgwtu"fkxgtukv{" "fgwz"cpvgppgu"ufirctfigu"gv"fgwz"tfiegrvgwtu0"Knu"uqpv
eqp›wu"rqwt"okpkokugt"ngu"tkuswgu"fg"Å"vtqwu"JH"Ç"fwu" "nc"ecrvcvkqp"fgu"qpfgu
fktgevgu"fg"nÓfiogvvgwt"gv"egnngu"tfihnfiejkgu"rct"ngu"owtu."ng"rnchqpf"gv"vqwv"qduvceng"swk
rqwttckgpv"ngu"cppwngt"rct"qrrqukvkqp"fg"rjcug0"Ejcswg"cpvgppg"tg›qkv"wp"ukipcn
fkhhfitgpv"gv"it¤eg" "wp"u{uvflog"fg"ektewkvu"eqorctcvkhu."eÓguv"vqwlqwtu"nÓcpvgppg"swk
tg›qkv"ng"ukipcn"ng"rnwu"hqtv"swk"guv"eqppgevfig"cw"tfiegrvgwt0
Ng"e¤dng"ugtxcpv" "tgnkgt"ngu"cpvgppgu"/"nqtuswÓgnngu"uqpv"ffirqtvfigu"fw"tfiegrvgwt"/
fqkv"‒vtg"fw"e¤dng"eqczkcn"fg"72"qjou"fÓkorfifcpeg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Optimisation du fonctionnement des micros HF <
Rqwt"fixkvgt"ngu"rtqdnflogu"fg"tfiegrvkqp"JH"*ffietqejcigu."ocwxckug"tfiegrvkqpÈ+."kn
guv"rtfihfitcdng"fg
xgknngt"cw"tgurgev"fgu"rncpu"fgu"htfiswgpegu0
kpuvcnngt"ngu"tfiegrvgwtu"qw"ngu"cpvgppgu." "xwg"fg"nc"|qpg"fÓwvknkucvkqp"fgu"oketqu"JH0
ufirctgt"uwhhkucoogpv"ngu"cpvgppgu"fkxgtukv{0
wvknkugt"fw"e¤dng"cpvgppg"crrtqrtkfi"ng"ecu"fiejficpv"*72"qjou+0
xfitkhkgt"ng"dqp"fivcv"fgu"cpvgppgu"fÓfiokuukqp"gv"tfiegrvkqp"fqpv"nc"nqpiwgwt"guv
cfcrvfig" "nc"dcpfg"fg"htfiswgpegu"/"qw" "nc"htfiswgpeg"/"fÓwvknkucvkqp0
fixkvgt"swg"nÓcpvgppg"fg"nÓfiogvvgwt"pg"uqkv"gp"eqpvcev"cxge"nc"rgcw"fw"eqofifkgp"*ng
eqpvcev"fw"eqtru"gv"nc"vtcpurktcvkqp"eqpuqoogpv"wpg"rctvkg"fg"nc"rwkuucpeg
fÓfiokuukqp+"Î"wvknkucvkqp"fg"uceqejgu"gp"vkuuw"gv1qw"rncuvkswg"rct"gzgorng0
kpuvcnngt"fgu"cpvgppgu" "ickp"qw"fktgevkxgu"nqtuswÓkn"hcwv"eqwxtkt"wp"nctig"gurceg
uefipkswg0
xfitkhkgt"swÓ "rtqzkokvfi"fg"nc"ucnng"qw"fw"ukvg."fgu"htfiswgpegu"ugodncdngu"pg"uqkgpv
wvknkufigu"*uk"pqvtg"tfiegrvgwt"tg›qkv"wpg"oqfwncvkqp"JH"qw"gpeqtg"uk"qp"gpvgpf"wp
cwvtg"oketq"cnqtu"swg"pqvtg"oketq"fiogvvgwt"guv"fivgkpv."egnc"rtqwxg"swg"nc"htfiswgpeg
guv"ffil "qeewrfig0"Qp"ejcpigtc"ng"ecpcn"fÓfiokuukqp1tfiegrvkqp"uwt"pqu"crrctgknu"*uÓknu
gp"uqpv"fiswkrfiu+0
wvknkugt"fgu"dcvvgtkgu"pgwxgu"rqwt"ejcswg"tgrtfiugpvcvkqp0
Cvvgpvkqp"<
Nqtuswg"nÓqp"ogv"gp"ugtxkeg"rnwukgwtu"oketqu"JH."kn"pg"uwhhkv"rcu"fÓwvknkugt"fgu
htfiswgpegu"fkhhfitgpvgu"ngu"wpgu"fgu"cwvtgu0"Kn"guv"kpfkurgpucdng"fg"tgurgevgt"wp"rncp
fg"htfiswgpegu"kpfkswcpv"swgnngu"uqpv"ngu"htfiswgpegu"swk"uqpv"eqorcvkdngu
gpvtg/gnngu0"Eg"rncp"fgxtckv"‒vtg"hqwutpk"rct"ngu"hcdtkecpvu"gv"xgpfgwtu."gv"rgwv"‒vtg
eqpuwnvfi"uwt"ngwt"ukvg"kpvgtpgv0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Ghhgv"fg"rtqzkokvfi
Effet de proximité
NÓimpédance fÓwp"oketqrjqpg"guv"uc"tfiukuvcpeg"kpvgtpg."gnng"uÓgzrtkog"gp OHMU0
EÓguv"wp"rjfipqoflpg"swk"ug"rtqfwkv"uwt"ngu"oketqrjqpgu" "itcfkgpv"fg"rtguukqp"gv"ug
vtcfwkv"rct"wp"tgphqtegogpv"fgu"itcxgu"nqtuswg"nc"fkuvcpeg"uqwteg1oketq"guv"vtflu
eqwtvg"*3" "42"eo+0"NqtuswÓwp"oketqrjqpg"ectfkq•fg"guv"vgpw"vtflu"rtflu"fgu"nflxtgu"rct
gzgorng."ngu"htfiswgpegu"itcxgu"uqpv"ecrvfigu"rnwu"hqtvgogpv"gv"egnc"rgwv"rtqxqswgt
fgu"kpeqpxfipkgpvu" "wpg"dqppg"rtkug"fg"uqp0"Egtvckpu"oketqrjqpgu"uqpv"fiswkrfiu
fÓwp"téglage d’atténuation des graves *crrgnfi"cwuuk"eqwrg/dcu+"rgtogvvcpv"fg
eqorgpugt"egv"ghhgv"fg"rtqzkokvfi"0
Gzgorngu"<"Ugppjgkugt"663."643."Cmi"446È0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"E¤dncig"gv"eqppgevgwtu"@"Dqweng"fg
ocuug"gv"rtqdnflogu"fg"tqphngvvg
Boucle de masse et problèmes de ronflette
Ngu"dqwengu"fg"ocuug"ifipfltgpv"fgu"tqphngogpvu"cwfkdngu"fcpu"pqvtg"u{uvflog"fg
uqpqtkucvkqp
Gnngu"uqpv"uqwxgpv"rtqxqswfigu"rct"ngu"e¤dngu"fg"nkckuqp0
Nqtuswg"pqwu"kpuvcnnqpu"wp"u{uvflog"fg"uqpqtkucvkqp."ngu"fkhhfitgpvu"crrctgknu"oku"gp
qgwxtg"*cornkhkecvgwtu."vcdng"fg"okzcig."rfitkrjfitkswgu"cwfkqÈ+"rquuflfgpv"wp"e¤dng
ugevgwt"cxge"rtkug"EGK" "vtqku"eqpfwevgwtu"<"fgwz"rqwt"ng"eqwtcpv"*rjcug"gv"pgwvtg+"gv
wp"rqwt"nc"eqppgzkqp"fg"vgttg"qdnkicvqktg"rqwt"nc"ufiewtkvfi"fg"nÓkpuvcnncvkqp"gv"fgu
rgtuqppgu0"Egvvg"vgttg"guv"eqppgevfig"cwz"ej¤uuku"fg"pqu"crrctgknu0"Rct"cknngwtu."ngwtu
gpvtfigu"gv"ngwtu"uqtvkgu."nqtuswÓgnngu"uqpv"cu{ofivtkswgu."qpv"wpg"eqppgzkqp"cxge"nc
ocuug"fingevtkswg."rqkpv"eqoowp"fg"nÓcnkogpvcvkqp"dcuug"vgpukqp"swk"ugtv"fg"tfihfitgpeg
rqwt"vqwvgu"ngu"vgpukqpu"cwfkq0"Egvvg"ocuug"fingevtkswg"guv"gp"ifipfitcn"tgnkfig"cw"ej¤uuku
fg"nÓcrrctgkn"gp"wp"rqkpv"swk"fqkv"‒vtg"wpkswg0
Nqtuswg"pqwu"eqppgevqpu"pqu"crrctgknu."kn"ug"rtqfwkv"wpg"fqwdng"nkckuqp"gpvtg"ngu
ocuugu"fgu"crrctgknu"rct"nc"vgttg"fw"e¤dng"ugevgwt"gv"rct"ng"dnkpfcig"fgu"eqpfwevgwtu
cwfkq0"Egvvg"fqwdng"nkckuqp" "nc"vgttg"etfig"wpg"dqweng"fg"ocuug."uqwteg"fg
rgtvwtdcvkqpu"fcpu"pqu"fiswkrgogpvu."ect"fgu"eqwtcpvu"ektewngpv"fcpu"ngu"ej¤uuku"gv
rtqfwkugpv"fgu"vgpukqpu"swk"uÓclqwvgpv"cwz"vgpukqpu"cwfkq"eg"swk"rtqxqswg"wp
tqphngogpv."wp"dtwkv"fg"hqpf0
Solutions
Wvknkugt"fgu"crrctgknu" "eqppgevkqpu"u{ofivtkswgu0
Wvknkugt"wp"cornkhkecvgwt"fiswkrfi"fÓwp"kpvgttwrvgwt"ufirctcpv"nc"ocuug"fingevtkswg"fg"egnng
fw"ej¤uuku0
NÓcornkhkecvgwt"tguvg"tgnkfi" "nc"vgttg"rct"ng"e¤dng"fÓcnkogpvcvkqp"ugevgwt."vcpfku"swg"nc
eqpvkpwkvfi"fgu"ocuugu"fingevtkswgu"guv"cuuwtfig"rct"ng"dnkpfcig"fw"e¤dng"cwfkq0
Wpg"cwvtg"uqnwvkqp"eqpukuvg" "uwrrtkogt"nc"dqweng"fg"ocuug"gp"kpufitcpv"fcpu"nc"nkckuqp
cwfkq."gpvtg"nc"eqpuqng"gv"ngu"cornku."wp"cfcrvcvgwt"ZNT"o¤ng1ZNT"hgognng"q́"nc
ocuug"pÓguv"rcu"eqppgevfig" "nÓwpg"fgu"gzvtfiokvfiu0
Wvknkugt"wp"vtcpuhqtocvgwt"fÓkuqncvkqp"fg"nkipgu0"*Urnkvvgt+
Autre exemple de boucle de masse
Wp"owukekgp"dtcpejg"uc"iwkvctg"xkc"wpg"dq vg"fg"fktgev"*Fk"Dqz+"tgnkfig" "nc"eqpuqng"fg
okzcig"ckpuk"swÓ "uqp"cornkhkecvgwt"ukvwfi"uwt"ueflpg0"Ngu"fiswkrgogpvu"cwfkq"*vcdng"fg
okzcig."cornkuÈ+"uqpv"gwz/cwuuk"eqppgevfiu" "nc"vgttg"rct"ngwt"eqtfqp"fÓcnkogpvcvkqp0
Ng"e¤dng"fg"oqfwncvkqp"cwfkq"ZNT"tgnkcpv"nc"eqpuqng"cw"dq vkgt"fg"fktgev"tfiwpkv"ngu
ocuugu"fg"nÓgpugodng"uqpq1owukekgp"<"wpg"dqweng"fg"ocuug"xkgpv"fg"ug"etfigt"swg"nÓqp
rgwv"tqortg" "nÓckfg"fÓwp"kpvgttwrvgwt"ffipqoofi"Å"gctvj/nkhv"Ç"*nflxg/vgttg+"rtfixw" "egv
ghhgv"uwt"egv"crrctgkn0"Nc"tqphngvvg"fkurctc v0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Lignes graduées des éclairages et modulations son
Ngu"nkckuqpu"cwfkq"u{ofivtkswgu"rtqvfligpv"tgncvkxgogpv"dkgp"fgu"rctcukvgu"ngu"hckdngu
pkxgcwz"fg"pqu"oketqrjqpgu."ocku"kn"hcwv"pficpoqkpu"fixkvgt"swÓgnngu"nqpigpv"ngu"nkipgu
fingevtkswgu"itcfwfigu"*rtqlgevgwtu"uwt"ueflpg"rct"gzgorng0+"Uk"qp"pg"rgwv"rcu"hcktg
cwvtgogpv."qp"etqkugtc"ngu"e¤dngu
nwokfltgu"gv"uqp"uwt"nc"rnwu"eqwtvg"fkuvcpeg"rquukdng0
C"nÓkpuvcnncvkqp."qp"xgknngtc" "dkgp"ufirctgt"ngu"rcuucigu"fg"e¤dngu"<"qp"rncegtc"rct
gzgorng"ngu"itcfcvgwtu"nwokfltg" "lctfkp"gv"ngu"fiswkrgogpvu"uqp" "eqwt0
NB <
Kn"ugtc"uqwxgpv"fkhhkekng"fg"ffivgtokpgt"swgnng"guv"nc"eqppgzkqp"swk"rtqxqswg"nc"dqweng"fg
ocuug0"Kn"hcwftc"ffidtcpejgt"gv"tgdtcpejgt"crrctgkn"crtflu"crrctgkn"chkp"fg"vtqwxgt"swgn
fiswkrgogpv"qw"swgnng"nkckuqp"guv"gp"ecwug0
Qp"eqwrgtc"nc"dqweng"fg"ocuug"uwt"nc"oqfwncvkqp" "nÓckfg"fÓfixgpvwgnu"kpvgttwrvgwtu
*gctvj/nkhv+"fiswkrcpv"egu"crrctgknu"qw" "nÓckfg"fÓwp"tceeqtf"cwfkq"fqpv"nc"ocuug"pÓguv"rcu
eqppgevfig"fÓwp"eqvfi0
Ngu"e¤dngu"JR"q́"ektewng"wpg"vgpukqp"tgncvkxgogpv"fingxfig."pg"uqpv"rcu"rgtvwtdfiu"rct"ngu
nkipgu"fingevtkswgu"itcfwfigu"fgu"rtqlgevgwtu0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Fquukgtu"vgejpkswgu"@"Eqortguukqp
Compression
Nc"eqortguukqp"ugtv" "tfifwktg"gv" "oc vtkugt"nc"f{pcokswg"*fivgpfwg"fw"ukipcn"fw"rnwu
hckdng"cw"rnwu"hqtv+"fÓwp"kpuvtwogpv"qw"fÓwpg"xqkz0"Ng"eqortguugwt"fietcug"rnwu"qw
oqkpu"*ugnqp"ngu"tfiincigu+"ng"ukipcn"gv"uwtvqwv"ugu"et‒vgu"gv"cwiogpvg"ckpuk"nc
ugpucvkqp"fg"rwkuucpeg"uqpqtg0"Kn"fixkvg"fiicngogpv"ngu"uwtejctigu"gv"ngu"fkuvqtukqpu0
Utilisation du compresseur
On l'utilise pour :
tfiiwnctkugt"nc"f{pcokswg"gv"icipgt"gp"ickp"gv"gp"xqnwog"uqpqtg0"Nc"eqortguukqp
fqkv"‒vtg"kpcwfkdng0
fqppgt"wpg"egtvckpg"eqwngwt"cw"uqp0"NÓghhgv"guv"cw"eqpvtcktg"cwfkdng0
nkokvgt"wp"ukipcn"rqwt"rtqvfiigt"cornku."gpegkpvgu."gptgikuvtgwtu."fiogvvgwtuÈ"fgu
et‒vgu"gv"ucvwtcvkqpu0
Fonctionnement du compresseur
Tfiincigu"ifipfitcngogpv"fkurqpkdngu"uwt"ngu"eqortguugwtu"<
Threshold qw seuil <"ffihkpkv"ng"oqogpv" "rctvkt"fwswgn"ng"eqortguugwt"ug"ogv"gp
cevkqp0
Ratio <"eÓguv"ng"vcwz"fg"eqortguukqp"*tcrrqtv"gpvtg"ng"ukipcn"fÓgpvtfig"gv"ng"ukipcn"fg
uqtvkg+0
Gzgorngu"<
tcvkq"413"<"rqwt"4"fD"swk"gpvtgpv"cw/fgn "fw"ugwkn."-"3"fD
gp"uqtvkg0613"<"rqwt"6"fD"cw/fgn "fw"ugwkn."-"3"fD"gp"uqtvkg
3213"<"3"ugwn"fD"gp"uqtvkg"rqwt"wpg"gpvtfig"fg"32"fD"cw"fgn "fw"ugwkn0"Qp"eqoogpeg
"rctngt"fg"nkokvgwt0
Softknee qw hardknee <"ffihkpkv"eqoogpv"ng"eqortguugwt"cikv0"Fqwegogpv."wp"rgw
cxcpv"ng"ugwkn"gp"uqhvmpgg"*rgpvg"fqweg+"qw"dtwuswgogpv."ukv»v"swg"ng"ugwkn"guv
cvvgkpv."rqukvkqp"jctfmpgg"*rgpvg"tckfg+0
Attack <"tfling"ng"vgoru"crtflu"ngswgn"nc"eqortguukqp"xc"cikt0"Swgnswgu
oketq/ugeqpfgu"uk"nÓqp"xgwv"swg"ng"ukipcn"gpvkgt"uqkv"eqortguufi"qw"swgnswgu
oknnk/ugeqpfgu"uk"nÓqpxgwv"nckuugt"rcuugt"nÓcvvcswg"fg"nÓkpuvtwogpv"*cvvgpvkqp" "pg"rcu
vtqr"ffipcvwtgt"ng"ukipcn"cxge"fgu"cvvcswgu"vtqr"eqwtvgu"="ngu"rtgokfltgu
oknnk/ugeqpfgu"eqpvkgppgpv"dgcweqwr"fg"tgpugkipgogpvu"uwt"nc"pcvwtg"fw"uqp+0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Release qw retour <"tfling"ng"vgoru"rgpfcpv"ngswgn"nc"eqortguukqp"xc"eqpvkpwgt.
crtflu"swg"ng"ukipcn"uqkv"tgfguegpfw"uqwu"ng"ugwkn0"Wp"tgvqwt"vtqr"eqwtv"cuuqekfi" "wp
hqtv"vcwz"fg"eqortguukqp"rgwv"gpigpftgt"wp"ghhgv"cwfkdng"fg"rqorcig"uwtvqwv"uwt"ngu
uqpu"itcxgu"swk"uqpv"cnqtu"fietcufiu"rct"nÓcevkqp"fg"nÓcvvcswg"uwt"ejcswg"rfitkqfg0
/"Cwvq"1"ocpwgn"<"rtqrqug"wpg"cevkqp"cwvqocvkswg"fg"nÓcvvcswg"gv"fw"tgvqwt."qw"xqwu
nckuug"nc"nkdgtvfi"fg"egu"tfiincigu"*rqukvkqp"ocpwgnng+0
Output qw gain de sortie <"rgtogv"fg"tgoqpvgt"ng"pkxgcw"fw"ukipcn"crtflu
eqortguukqp0
Bypass <"ogv"gp"qw"jqtu"ugtxkeg"ng"eqortguugwt0"Ugtv"fiicngogpv" "eqorctgt"ng
ukipcn"vtckvfi"gv"pqp"vtckvfi0
Tgoctswgu"<
Nc"eqortguukqp"guv" "fixkvgt"ejcswg"hqku"swg"egnc"pÓguv"rcu"wvkngÈ"Cvvgpvkqp" "pg"rcu
vtqr"eqortguugt" "nc"rtkug"fg"uqp."nÓghhgv"guv"kttfixgtukdng0"Kn"xcwv"okgwz"eqortguugt
rnwukgwtu"hqku" "hckdng"fqug"*gptgikuvtgogpv."okzcig."ocuvgtkpi+0
Nqtuswg"nÓqp"eqortguug"wp"ukipcn"uvfitfiq."kn"guv"guugpvkgn"fÓwvknkugt"fgwz"crrctgknu
kfgpvkswgu"gv"uqnkfcktgu."qw"okgwz."wp"crrctgkn"uvfitfiqrjqpkswg"fqpv"ngu"fgwz"ecpcwz
uqpv"rcthckvgogpv"eqwrnfiu"*nkpm+"chkp"fg"pg"rcu"ffiufiswknkdtgt"wp"ugwn"eqvfi"fw"ukipcn
uvfitfiq" "nÓcrrctkvkqp"fÓwpg"et‒vg"uwt"eg"e»vfi0"Eqwrnfiu."ngu"4"ukipcwz"ugtqpv"cnqtu
tfifwkvu"fg"ocpkfltg"kfgpvkswg"gv"nÓkocig"uvfitfiq"guv"ockpvgpwg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Fquukgtu"vgejpkswgu"@"Nc"pwofitkucvkqp
fw"uqp
La numérisation du son
Nc"swcnkvfi"fw"ukipcn"cwfkq"guv"fivtqkvgogpv"nkfig" "egnng"fw"uwrrqtv0"Ng"ukipcn"cpcnqikswg
uwrrqtvg"ocn"ngu"eqrkgu"gv"ngu"ocpkrwncvkqpu"<"kn"ug"ffiitcfg"rtqitguukxgogpv."rct"rgtvg
fÓkphqtocvkqp0
Ng"rtqefiffi"REO"*Rwnug"Eqfgf"Oqfwncvkqp+"c"fivfi"kpxgpvfi"fcpu"ngu"cppfigu"3;42"rct"nc
uqekfivfi"Dgnn"Vgngrjqp"*WUC+."chkp"fÓcwiogpvgt"ng"ffidkv"fgu"nkipgu"vfinfirjqpkswgu0"Ngu
rtgokfltgu"crrnkecvkqpu" "itcpfg"fiejgnng"pÓqpv"xw"ng"lqwt"swÓ "rctvkt"fgu"cppfigu"3;82
rqwt"nc"vfinfirjqpkg"gv"ngu"cppfigu"92/:2"rqwt"nÓcwfkq0"Ng"ukipcn"pwofitkswg"guv"fkueqpvkpw
<"kn"pÓguv"rcu"ffihkpk" "vqwv"kpuvcpv."pk"rqwt"vqwvgu"ngu"cornkvwfgu0"Kn"ug"rtfiugpvg"uqwu"nc
hqtog"fÓwpg"nkuvg"fg"pqodtgu."eqffig"gp"dkpcktg"*2"gv"3+0
Échantillonnage et quantification
Échantillonnage
Ngu"xkdtcvkqpu"uqpqtgu"uqpv"vtcpuhqtofigu"gp"nkuvg"fg"pqodtgu"it¤eg" "wp"eqpxgtvkuugwt
Cpcnqikswg1
Pwofitkswg"*C1F+0
Ng"eqpxgtvkuugwt"rtfinflxg"fgu"xcngwtu"fw"ukipcn" "fgu"kpvgtxcnngu"fg"vgoru"tfiiwnkgtu"gv
ngu"vtcpuhqtog"gp"pqodtg"dkpcktg0"Kn"pg"nkv"rcu"vqwvg"nc"eqwtdg."ocku"ugwngogpv
swgnswgu"fiejcpvknnqpu0
Ng"pqodtg"fÓfixflpgogpvu"nwu"rct"ugeqpfg"pqwu"fqppg"nc"htfiswgpeg"fÓfiejcpvknnqppcig0
Egvvg"htfiswgpeg"fqkv"‒vtg"uwhhkucoogpv"itcpfg."chkp"fg"rtfiugtxgt"nc"hqtog"qtkikpcng"fw
ukipcn0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Ng"vjfiqtflog"fg"P{swkuv/Ujcppqp"fkv"swg"nc"htfiswgpeg"fÓfiejcpvknnqppcig"fqkv"‒vtg
fiicng"qw"uwrfitkgwtg" "4"hqku"nc"htfiswgpeg"oczkocng"eqpvgpwg"fcpu"eg"ukipcn0
Pqvtg"qtgknng"rgt›qkv"ngu"uqpu"lwuswÓgpxktqp"42"222"J|0"Nc"htfiswgpeg"fÓfiejcpvknnqppcig
fqkv"‒vtg"cw"oqkpu"fg"nÓqtftg"fg"62"222"J|0
Fréquences d’échantillonnage normalisées <
54"mJ|"rqwt"nc"tcfkq"HO"gp"pwofitkswg"*nc"dcpfg"rcuucpvg"guv"cnqtu"tfifwkvg" "37"mJ|+
6603"mJ|.";8"mJ|"rqwt"nÓcwfkq"rtqhguukqppgn"gv"ngu"EF
6:"mJ|"rqwt"ngu"gptgikuvtgwtu"pwofitkswgu"rtqhguukqppgnu"gv"nÓgptgikuvtgogpv"itcpf
rwdnke"FCV."Okpk"fkueÈ
Quantification
Gp"cpcnqikswg."vqwvgu"ngu"xcngwtu"fÓcornkvwfg"uqpv"rquukdngu"="eg"pÓguv"rcu"ng"ecu"gp
pwofitkswg"q́"kn"{"c"swcpvkhkecvkqp0"Crtflu"cxqkt"ffieqwrfi"ng"ukipcn"gp"fiejcpvknnqpu."kn"hcwv
ngu"oguwtgt"gv"ngwt"fqppgt"wpg"xcngwt"pwofitkswg"gp"hqpevkqp"fg"ngwt"cornkvwfg0
Rqwt"egnc"qp"ffihkpkv"wp"kpvgtxcnng"fg"P"xcngwtu"fguvkpfi" "eqwxtkt"nÓgpugodng"fgu"xcngwtu
rquukdngu0"Eg"pqodtg"P"guv"eqffi"gp"dkpcktg"uwt":."38."42"qw"46"dkvu"ugnqp"nc"tfiuqnwvkqp
fw"eqpxgtvkuugwt"C1P0"NÓcornkvwfg"fg"ejcswg"fiejcpvknnqp"guv"cnqtu"tgrtfiugpvfi"rct"wp
pqodtg"gpvkgt0"Ng"pqodtg"fg"dkvu"nkokvg"nc"rtfiekukqp"fw"eqfcig0"Rnwu"ng"pqodtg"fg"dkvu
wvknkufiu"ugtc"itcpf."ogknngwtg"ugtc"nc"tguugodncpeg"cxge"ng"ukipcn"qtkikpcn0
EqfcigÈ
:"dkvu"?"4"rwkuucpeg":"uqkv"478"xcngwtu
38"dkvu"?"4"rwkuucpeg"38"uqkv"87"758"xcngwtu
42"dkvu"?"4"rwkuucpeg"42"uqkv"3"26:"798"xcngwtu
46"dkvu"?"4"rwkuucpeg"46"uqkv"38"999"438"xcngwtu
Ngu"u{uvflogu"itcpf"rwdnke"cevwgnu"*EF."FCV+"vtcxcknngpv"cxge"38"dkvu."uqkv"87"758
pkxgcwz"*fg"Î"54"98:" "-"54"989+0
Ng"uvcpfctf"fgu"pqwxgnngu"ocejkpgu"rtqhguukqppgnngu"ckpuk"swg"fw"FXF"ugtc"fg"<"46
dkvu"Î";8"mJ|0"Egu"ectcevfitkuvkswgu"rgtogvvgpv"fÓcofinkqtgt"nc"f{pcokswg"gv"nc"dcpfg
rcuucpvg"fgu"ukipcwz"cwfkq."cxge"wpg"tgrtqfwevkqp"gpeqtg"rnwu"rtqejg"fg"nc"tficnkvfi
vqwv"gp"c{cpv"nc"rquukdknkvfi"fg"ug"nkxtgt" "fgu"vtckvgogpvu"pwofitkswgu"rnwu"uqrjkuvkswfiu.
gv"egek"ucpu"ffiitcfgt"ng"ukipcn0
Ng"pqodtg"fg"dkvu"ffihkpkv"fiicngogpv"nÓcornkvwfg"f{pcokswg"fw"ukipcn"*8"fD1dkv+"<"Wpg
tfiuqnwvkqp"fg":"dkvu"fqppgtc"wpg"f{pcokswg"oczkocng"fg":"z"8"?"6:"fD"=
38"dkvu"<"38"z"8"?";8"fD"=
46"dkvu"<"46"z"8"?"366"fD0
Rnwu"nÓgpeqfcig"guv"korqtvcpv."rnwu"nc"f{pcokswg"ugtc"fingxfig"gv"ng"dtwkv"fg"hqpf"nkokvfi0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Restitution et filtrage des signaux numériques
Ng"ukipcn"pwofitkswg"pÓc"rnwu"nc"dgnng"cnnwtg"fw"ukipcn"cpcnqikswg."ect"kn"pÓguv"ffihkpk
swÓgp"egtvckpu"rqkpvu0"NÓcnnwtg"v{rkswg"fÓwp"ukipcn"fiejcpvknnqppfi"guv"gp"hqtog"fg
octejgu"fÓguecnkgt"rwkuswÓkn"uÓcikv"fÓwpg"nkuvg"fg"ejkhhtgu"*66"322"rct"ugeqpfg"gv"-"qw"Î
54"989"pkxgcwz"fÓcornkvwfg"gp"38"dkvu+0
Signal analogique
signal échantillonnée
Rqwt"tgfqppgt"wpg"dgnng"cnnwtg"cw"ukipcn."kn"hcwv"ng"hknvtgt"*ng"nkuugt+" "nÓckfg"fÓwp"hknvtg
rcuug/dcu0
Eg"hknvtcig"rgwv/‒vtg"tficnkufi"fg"hc›qp"cpcnqikswg."cxge"fgu"ektewkvu"fingevtqpkswgu0
Kn"guv"vqwvghqku"rnwu"rgthqtocpv"gv"rnwu"rtqrtg"fg"tficnkugt"wp"hknvtcig"pwofitkswg"rct
kpvgtrqncvkqp." "nÓckfg"fg"ektewkvu"kpvfiitfiu"urfiekcnkufiu0"Egvvg"qrfitcvkqp"uÓcrrgnng"Å
uwt/fiejcpvknnqppcig"qw"qxgtucornkpi"Ç0"Å"6"vkog"qxgtucornkpi"Ç"*"uwt/fiejcpvknnqppcig
6"hqku+"kpfkswg"nÓghhkecekvfi"gv"nc"uqrjkuvkecvkqp"fw"ektewkv"kpvfiitfi0"Qp"rgwv"cnngt"cwlqwtfÓjwk
lwuswÓ "wp"uwt/fiejcpvknnqppcigfg"34:"hqku0
Transmission du son numérique <
Pqtog"CGU1GDW"<"hqtocv"rtqhguukqppgn."vtcpuokuukqp"fw"ukipcn"uvfitfiq"uwt"wp"e¤dng
u{ofivtkswg"gp"ZNT0
Hqtocv"URFKH"<"hqtocv"itcpf/rwdnke"oku"cw"rqkpv"rct"Uqp{"gv"Rjknkru."eqppgzkqp"rct
e¤dng"eqczkcn"cu{ofivtkswg"*cxge"eqppgevgwt"ekpej+"qw"qrvkswg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Hqtocv"VFKH"<"hqtocv"rtqhguukqppgn"cw"uvcpfctf"Vcueco"*Vcueco"Fkikvcn"Kpvgthceg+0
Hqtocv"CFCV"<"hqtocv"rtqhguukqppgn"fg"vtcpuokuukqp"fg":"ecpcwz"gp"hkdtg"qrvkswg0
Taille mémoire occupée par le son numérique <
Wp"gptgikuvtgogpv"6603"mJ|."38"dkvu."gp"uvfitfiq"qeewrg"gpxktqp"32"Oq"rct"okpwvg0
Avantages du numérique <
Nc"f{pcokswg"*rncig"fgu"cornkvwfgu"tgrtqfwkvgu"fg"vtkrng"rkcpq" "vtkrng"hqtvg+"gv"nc
dcpfg"rcuucpvg"*rncig"fgu"htfiswgpegu"tgrtqfwkvgu+"uqpv"vtflu"dqppgu0
Ng"ukipcn"fivcpv"eqffi"uqwu"hqtog"fg"pqodtgu."ngu"rctcukvgu"qw"dtwkvu"fg"hqpf
fingevtkswgu"qw"ofiecpkswgu"pÓqpv"rnwu"fÓkphnwgpeg"uwt"nc"swcnkvfi"fw"uqp0
Nc"eqrkg."ng"vtckvgogpv"gv"nc"ofioqtkucvkqp"fw"ukipcn"pÓgpvtc pgpv"rcu"fg"rgtvg"fg
swcnkvfi0
Qp"rgwv"hcktg"rnwukgwtu"eqrkgu"pwofitkswgu."ucpu"ffiitcfcvkqp"pqvqktg"fw"ukipcn0
Gp"ecu"fÓgttgwt"fg"ngevwtg"fwgu"cwz"ffihgevwqukvfiu"fwuwrrqtv."cwz"ucngvfiu."cwz"tc{wtgu.
cwz"gortgkpvgu"fgfqkivu."cwz"hnwevwcvkqpu"ofiecpkswgu"*dcncfgwtu+."fgu"ektewkvu"fg
ffivgevkqp"gv"fg"eqttgevkqp"fÓgttgwtu"gpvtgpv"cwvqocvkswgogpv"gp"ugtxkeg0
Conclusion <
Ng"uqp"pwofitkswg"fgocpfg"wpg"fqwdng"eqpxgtukqp"<
Analogique -> Numérique - Numérique -> Analogique
Pqvg"rqwt"ckfgt" "nc"eqortfijgpukqp"<
Qp"rgwv"eqorctgt"ng"uqp"pwofitkswg" "wp"cuugodncig"fg"rgvkvu"ewdgu"fg"dqku0
Ng"hknvtcig"eqttgurqpf"cw"rcrkgt"fg"xgttg"gv" "nÓgpfwkv"fg"tgdqwejcig"swk"xc"rgtogvvtg
fÓcttqpfkt"ngu"cpingu0"Ng"uwt/fiejcpvknnqppcig"Z"hqku"eqttgurqpf"cw"itckp"fw"rcrkgt"fg
xgttg"<"rnwu"ng"itckp"ugtc"hkp"gv"rnwu"nc"uwthceg"hkpcng"ugtc"nkuug0
Les étapes de captation et de restitution du son sont et resteront toujours
analogiques :
le son est un phénomène analogique par essence.
On ne pourra jamais se passer de microphones, de haut-parleurs ou de casques
!
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg"oketqrjqpgu
Les principaux types de microphones
C"ejcswg"ukvwcvkqp"eqttgurqpf"wpg"vgejpqnqikg"fg"oketqrjqpg"gv"wp"v{rg"fg"oketq"<
oketq"f{pcokswg"qw"uvcvkswg." "fingevtgv"qw" "|qpg"fg"rtguukqpÈ"Ng"oketq"wpkxgtugn
pÓgzkuvg"rcu"gv"ng"tfiikuugwt"uckv"ejqkukt"uqp"oketq"gp"hqpevkqp"fg"nÓwucig0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Ng"oketqrjqpg"fingevtqf{pcokswg" "dqdkpg"oqdkng
Le microphone électrodynamique à bobine mobile
Kn"wvknkug"wpg"dqdkpg"fg"ewkxtg"gv"wpg"uqwteg"ocipfivkswg"*ckocpv+0
Nc"dqdkpg."uqnkfcktg"fg"nc"ogodtcpg."guv"rncefig"fcpu"ng"ejcor"ocipfivkswg"fg
nÓckocpv0"Ejcswg"oqwxgogpv"ofiecpkswg"fg"nc"ogodtcpg"guv"vtcfwkv"gp"vgpukqp
fingevtkswg0Eg"oketqrjqpg"c"nÓcxcpvcig"fÓ‒vtg"tqdwuvg"gv"fg"uwrrqtvgt"fg"vtflu"jcwvu
pkxgcwz"fg"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg0"Kn"guv"rgw"ugpukdng"cw"xgpv"qw" "nÓjwokfkvfi."ocku
ugpukdng"cwz"ejcoru"ocipfivkswgu0"Qp"pqvg"gp"tgxcpejg"wpg"rgtvg"fg"ffihkpkvkqp
fcpu"ngu"htfiswgpegu"ckiw u"* "rctvkt"fg"37"mJ|+"="uc"tfirqpug"cwz"vtcpukvqktgu"guv"vtflu
oq{gppg0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Wvknkucvkqp"<
eg"oketq"vtqwxgtc"uc"rnceg"uwt"ueflpg"q́
nc"swcnkvfi"fw"uqp"guv"oqkpu"korqtvcpvg
swÓgp"uvwfkq0"Ngu"oketqu"cfcrvfiu" "nc"xqkz
qpv"wpg"eqwtdg"fg"tfirqpug"tgoqpvfig"xgtu
7"222"J|"rqwt"fqppgt"wpg"ogknngwtg
kpvgnnkikdknkvfi"gv"rtqrqugpv"ifipfitcngogpv"wp
hknvtg"cpvkxgpv"gv"rqr"*cvvfipwcvkqp"fgu
rnqukxgu"gv"fgu"ukhhncpvgu+0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Ng"oketqrjqpg" "twdcp
Le microphone à ruban
Fg"nc"hcoknng"fgu"oketqrjqpgu"fingevtqf{pcokswgu."nc"dqdkpg"guv"tgorncefig"rct"wp
twdcp"gp"cnwokpkwo"ugtxcpv" "nc"hqku"fg"ogodtcpg"gv"fg"dqdkpg0
Ng"twdcp"hkzfi" "ugu"4"gzvtfiokvfiu"guv"rncefi"fcpu"wp"ejcor"ocipfivkswg"rgtocpgpv0"Kn
rgwv"queknngt"uqwu"nc"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg"eg"swk"hckv"crrctc vtg"wpg"vgpukqp" "ugu
gzvtfiokvfiu0
Wvknkucvkqp"<"eg"v{rg"fg"oketq"guv"vtflu"htcikng."ugpukdng"cw"xgpv"gv"cwz"dtwkvu"fg
ocpkrwncvkqp0"Qp"nÓwvknkug"rqwt"nc"rtkug"fg"uqp"fg"egtvckpgu"xqkz"qw"kpuvtwogpvu
ceqwuvkswgu0
Gzgorngu"<"Dg{gt"O382."OfinqfkwoÈ
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Ng"oketqrjqpg"fingevtquvcvkswg
Le microphone électrostatique
Kn"wvknkug"wp"u{uvflog"fingevtquvcvkswg"rqwt"vtcpuhqtogt"nÓfipgtikg"ofiecpkswg"fg"nc
ogodtcpg"gp"fipgtikg"fingevtkswg0
Nc"ogodtcpg"hqtog"wpg"fingevtqfg"fÓwp"eqpfgpucvgwt."nÓcwvtg"ogodtcpg"fivcpv"hkzg0
NÓfingevtqfg"oqdkng"guv"ugpukdng" "nc"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg"gv"rtqxqswg"wpg"xctkcvkqp
fg"nc"ecrcekvfi"fw"eqpfgpucvgwt"hqtofi"rct"egu"fgwz"fingevtqfgu0"Wpg"vgpukqp"eqpvkpwg
guv"crrnkswfig" "eg"eqpfgpucvgwt"gv"nqtuswÓwpg"qpfg"ceqwuvkswg"xkgpv"cikt"uwt"nc
ogodtcpg."kn"gp"tfiuwnvg"wpg"xctkcvkqp"fg"fkuvcpeg"gpvtg"ngu"fingevtqfgu"eg"swk
rtqxqswg"wpg"xctkcvkqp"fg"ecrcekvfi"swk"gpigpftg"wpg"vgpukqp" "nc"uqtvkg0"Ng"hckdng
ukipcn"fg"uqtvkg"guv"fingxfi"rct"wp"rtficornkhkecvgwt"swk"pfieguukvg"wpg"cnkogpvcvkqp
gzvgtpg"hqwtpkg"rct"nc"vcdng"fg"okzcig"xkc"ng"e¤dng"oketq"*cnkogpvcvkqp"hcpv»og"6:
xqnvu+"qw"rct"wpg"rkng"kpufitfig"fcpu"ng"oketq0
Eg"u{uvflog"rgtogv"wpg"itcpfg"ugpukdknkvfi"fcpu"ngu"ckiwu"ocku"fiicngogpv"fcpu"ngu
dcuugu0"Uc"tfirqpug"cwz"vtcpukvqktgu"guv"gzegnngpvg0"Knu"uqpv"gp"tgxcpejg"cuug|
htcikngu"gv"pg"uwrrqtvgpv"rcu"ngu"ejqeu"pk"ng"xgpv"gv"nqtuswÓqp"ngu"wvknkug"gp"gzvfitkgwt
knu"fgxtqpv"‒vtg"fiswkrfiu"fg"dqppgvvgu"cpvk/xgpv0"Ngwt"ogodtcpg"fingevtquvcvkswg"cvvktg
nc"rqwuukfltg"gv"etckpv"nÓjwokfkvfi0
Wvknkucvkqp"<"oketq"vtflu"rqn{xcngpv."jcwv"fg"icoog0
Gzgorngu"<"Ujwtg"UO:3."Cmi"673."ugppjgkugt
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
OMJ62.
Pgwocpp"MO3:6."UejqgruÈ
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Ng"oketqrjqpg"fingevtquvcvkswg" "fingevtgv
Le microphone électrostatique à électret
Eg"oketqrjqpg"hckv"rctvkg"fg"nc"hcoknng"fgu"oketqu"fingevtquvcvkswgu" "eqpfgpucvgwt0
Nc"fkhhfitgpeg"tfiukfg"fcpu"ng"hckv"swg"nc"ogodtcpg"*gp"ocvkfltg"rncuvkswg"vgnng"swg
vfihnqp"qw"o{nct+"guv"rqnctkufig"nqtu"fg"uc"hcdtkecvkqp0"Cxge"ng"vgoru."uc"ejctig
uÓcvvfipwg"eg"swk"nkokvg"uc"fwtfig"fg"xkg0"Kn"pfieguukvg"wpg"cnkogpvcvkqp"hcpv»og"rqwt
cnkogpvgt"uqp"rtficornkhkecvgwt00
Wvknkucvkqpu"<"uc"okpkcvwtkucvkqp"hckv"swÓqp"ng"vtqwxg"uqwu"fg"pqodtgwugu"gv"fkhhfitgpvgu
hqtogu"*oketqu"etcxcvgu." "rkpegu"rqwt"uÓcfcrvgt"hcekngogpv" "egtvckpu"kpuvtwogpvu
rqwt"wpg"rtkug"fg"uqp"fg"rtqzkokvfi"<"ewkxtgu."rgtewuukqpu."xgpvu000+
Kn"guv"tgncvkxgogpv"dqp"octejfi"gv"fg"swcnkvfi"crrtqejcpv"ngu"oketqu"fingevtquvcvkswgu"
eqpfgpucvgwt"0"Qp"nÓwvknkugtc"ugnqp"ngu"rctvkewnctkvfiu"fg"ejcswg"oqfflng."ngwtu
eqwtdgu"fg"tfirqpug"xctkcpv"ugnqp"nc"hcdtkecvkqp0
Gzgorngu"<"Ugppjgkugt"OMG4."OG324.326."Ujwtg"UO;:."CMI62:.62;.836È0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Ng"oketqrjqpg" "|qpg"fg"rtguukqp
Le microphone à zone de pression
Rqwt"hqwtpkt"wp"ukipcn."ng"oketqrjqpg" "|qpg"fg"rtguukqp"fqkv"‒vtg"rncefi"uwt"wpg
uwthceg"rncpg"*ueflpg."vcdng."owt00+"q́"nc"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg"guv"oczkocng0"Nc
tfirqpug"fcpu"ngu"itcxgu"fg"eg"oketqrjqpg"ffirgpf"fg"nc"vcknng"fg"nc"uwthceg"uwt
ncswgnng"kn"guv"rqufi0"Uc"ecruwng"guv"ifipfitcngogpv" "fingevtgv0
Wvknkucvkqpu"<"fg"rctv"uc"fkuetfivkqp."qp"nÓwvknkug"vtflu"uqwxgpv"cw"ekpfioc." "nc"vfinfixkukqp.
cw"vjfi¤vtg"q́"eg"ecrvgwt"ug"fkuukowng"ckufiogpv."ocku"cwuuk"gp"rtkug"fg"uqp"fg
egtvckpu"kpuvtwogpvu"ceqwuvkswgu0
Gzgorngu"<"R¥O"Etqyp."Ujwtg"UO;3È0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Ng"oketqrjqpg"fingevtqocipfivkswg
Le microphone électromagnétique
Qp"ng"vtqwxg"pqvcoogpv"uwt"ngu"iwkvctgu"fingevtkswgu0
Kn"guv"eqpuvkvwfi"fÓwp"rgvkv"ckocpv"rgtocpgpv"gpvqwtfi"fÓwp"dqdkpcig"rncefi"uqwu
ejcswg"eqtfg0"Nc"xkdtcvkqp"fg"nc"eqtfg"hckv"xctkgt"ng"ejcor"ocipfivkswg"gv"etfig"wpg
vgpukqp"cwz"dqtpgu"fg"nc"dqdkpg0"Kn"rquuflfg"wpg"xku"fg"tfiincig"swk"rgtogv"fg"tfiingt
ng"ejcor"ocipfivkswg"fg"nÓckocpv."fqpe"nc"vgpukqp"tfiuwnvcpvg"rqwt"fiswknkdtgt"ng
xqnwog"fg"ejcswg"eqtfg0
Kn"guv"vqvcngogpv"kpugpukdng" "nc"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg"gv"qp"rtfihfltgtc"wvknkugt"ng"oqv
ecrvgwt"rqwt"ffiukipgt"eg"v{rg"fg"vtcpufwevgwt0
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Ng"oketqrjqpg"fg"eqpvcev
Le microphone de contact
EÓguv"wp"ecrvgwt" "eqpfgpucvgwt"fqpv"nc"ogodtcpg"ug"eqnng"uwt"nÓkpuvtwogpv0
Kn"ghhgevwg"wpg"vtcpuhqtocvkqp"fg"nc"xkdtcvkqp"fg"nÓkpuvtwogpv"<"fipgtikg"ofiecpkswg"//@
fipgtikg"fingevtkswg0"Kn"guv"rgw"ugpukdng" "nc"rtguukqp"ceqwuvkswg"gv"rgtogv"wpg"dqppg
kuqncvkqp"fg"nÓkpuvtwogpv"xku" "xku"fw"uqp"codkcpv"gv"gp"hcxqtkug"nÓcvvcswg0"Nc"eqwtdg
fg"tfirqpug"fg"eg"v{rg"fg"ecrvgwt"guv"oqkpu"dqppg"fcpu"ngu"itcxgu"gv"fcpu"ngu
ckiwu0
Wvknkucvkqpu"<"qp"ng"vtqwxg"ejcswg"hqku"swÓwpg"kuqncvkqp"ceqwuvkswg"oczkocng"rct
tcrrqtv" "fÓcwvtgu"kpuvtwogpvu"gpxktqppcpvu"guv"fgocpffig."uwt"ueflpg"gv"gp"uvwfkq
*rkcpq."iwkvctg."eqpvtgdcuugÈ+0
Gzgorngu"<"E/Fwegt."UjgtvngtÈ
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti
eqr{tkijv"Cigpeg"ewnvwtgnng"f)Cnuceg
Iwkfg"vgejpkswg"<"Uqpqtkucvkqp"@"Vgejpqnqikg"@"Ngu"oketqrjqpgu"@"Rtkpekrcwz"v{rgu"fg
oketqrjqpgu"@"Nc"dq vg"fg"fktgev"*fk"dqz+
La boîte de direct (di box)
Eg"pÓguv"rcu"wp"oketqrjqpg0
Nc"dqkvg"fg"fktgev"guv"wp"crrctgkn"ejctifi"fg"u{ofivtkugt"wp"ukipcn"cu{ofivtkswg0"Nc
nkckuqp"u{ofivtkswg" "dcuug"korfifcpeg"rgtogv"fg"xfijkewngt"wp"ukipcn"uwt"fg"nqpiwgu
fkuvcpegu"cnqtu"swg"nc"nkckuqp"cu{ofivtkswg"jcwvg"korfifcpeg"pg"ng"rgtogv"rcu0
Nc"dqkvg"fg"fktgev"rtqrqug"fiicngogpv"wp"cvvfipwcvgwt"rqwt"ngu"ukipcwz"vtqr"hqtvu.
ckpuk"swÓwp"kpvgttwrvgwt"rqwt"tqortg"wpg"fixgpvwgnng"dqweng"fg"ocuug"gpvtg"wp
kpuvtwogpv"fingevtkhkfi"ukvwfi"uwt"ueflpg"gv"nc"eqpuqng"ukvwfig"gp"ucnng0"Qp"vtqwxg"wpg"rtkug
lcem"cu{ofivtkswg"rqwt"gpvtgt"nÓkpuvtwogpv."wpg"uqtvkg"ZNT"u{ofivtkswg"rqwt"cnngt"uwt
wpg"gpvtfig"oketqrjqpg"fg"nc"eqpuqng."wpg"cwvtg"rtkug"lcem"rqwt"tguuqtvkt"xgtu
nÓcornkhkecvgwt"fw"owukekgp0
Qp"vtqwxg"fgu"oqfflngu"rcuukhu" "dcug"fg"vtcpuhqtocvgwtu"gv"fgu"oqfflngu"
fingevtqpkswg"cevkxg0
Wvknkucvkqpu"<"dtcpejgogpv"uwt"nc"eqpuqng"fg"okzcig"fg"u{pvjfivkugwtu.
iwkvctguÈukvwfigu"uwt"ueflpg0
Gzgorngu"<"DUU."UEX."JwfuqpÈ
Eg"fqewogpv"rtqxkgpv"fw"ukvg"Kpvgtpgv jvvr<11yyy0uqpqtkucvkqp/urgevceng0qti