Tamil - Forced Migration Review

tpNrl ntspaPL
Mtdp 2005
review
Rdhkp : kdpj Neag;
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Forced Migration Review: mfjpfs; kw;Wk; cs;sf
,lg;ngaHTg; gpur;ridfis mwpa cyfpy; kpfTk;
gue;jstpy; thrpf;fg;gLk; rQ;rpif.
MrpupaHfs;
Marion Couldrey & Dr Tim Morris;
re;jhf;fs; cjTdH
Sharon Ellis
Forced Migration Review
Refugee Studies Centre, Queen Elizabeth House,
21 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LA, UK
Email: [email protected]
Tel: +44 (0)1865 280700 • Fax: +44 (0)1865 270721
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www.fmreview.org
jkpohf;fk;
Rajan Arulappu Iruthaynathan
,t;tpN~l ntspaPl;bw;fhd epjp
toq;FdHfs;
AUSTCARE
Concern
Brookings-Bern Project on
Internal Displacement
Christian Aid
Consortium of Humanitarian
Agencies, Sri Lanka
Department for International
Development (UK)
UN Office for the Coordination
of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
World Vision Australia
World Vision Canada
World Vision USA
UNICEF
UNHCR Sri Lanka
Designed by Colophon Media.
Printed by Lazergraphic (pvt) Ltd
Sri Lanka
ISSN 1460-9819
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Corinne Owen
Forced Migration Review
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UNICEF/HQ050129/Jim Holmes
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epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,iz ,af;FdUk;>
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ahg;G kw;Wk; rh;tNjr rl;lq;fSf;fhd
NguhrphpaUkhthh;. kpd; mQ;ry; : walter.
[email protected].
khh;r; 2005 ,y; ,th; Mrpahtpw;fhd
gzpg;gazj;ij Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.
gpd;tUk; ,iza jsj;jpy; mt;
mwpf;if fpilf;Fk;. www.brookings.edu/
dybdocroot/fp/ projects/idp/20050227_tsunami.pdf. epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; gw;wpa Nkyjpf
jfty;fSf;F www.brook.edu/fp/projects/idp/idp.htm
kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected]
1. www.unhcr.ch/html/menu2/7/b/principles_lang.htm
11
12
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ngUik nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,t; cjtp
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,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; f];lq;fs; fzp
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Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT Rikahf
,Ue;jNghJk;
mtu;fs; nghWik
fhg;gJ ek;gKbahj msT caH
thAs;sJ. mtHfs; jkJ FLk;gk;
gad;gLj;Jk; miw> czT> Vida
tsq;fisg; gfpHe;Jnfhs;tJld;
jkJ me;juq;fq;fisAk; ,oe;J>
jkJ nrhe;j tho;f;if FWf;fPl;Lf;F
MshtijAk; fhz;fpd;wdH.
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vt;tsT J}uk; jhkjkhf;fg;gLfpd;wNjh>
vt;tsT J}uk; Vw;Wr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;l
FLk;gq;fs; njhlHe;Jk; mtHfSf;F
cjtNtz;b ,Uf;fpd;wNjh> mt;tsT
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nra;tjpd;kl;by; mjpf ftdk;
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vd;gJ mtHfSf;Fk; [PthjhukhdJ.
Vw;Wr; NrHj;Jf; nfhz;l tPLfsp
Yk; jw;fhypf ciwtplq;fspYk;
fhzg;gLk; msTf;fjpfkhd Ms;
neUf;fkhdJ> gy;tifr; Rfhjhu> r%fg;gpur;ridfSf;F ,l;Lr;
nry;yyhk;. ,d;Wtiu> ,t;thwhdit
jLf;fg;gl;LtUkhw;Nghy Njhd;WfpwJ.
Mdhy; vt;tsTJ}uk; ,r;#o;epiy
ePl;lg;gl;Lf;nfhz;L NghfpwNjh
mt;tsT J}uj;Jf;F mg;gpur;ridfs;
vo tha;g;Gk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. kpjkpQ;rpa
Ms; neUf;fbg; gpur;ridiaj; jw;fhypf
tPLfisg; ghhpastpy; tpiuthf
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ePH> kyry$l Njitfspd; kl;by; $ba
ftdf; Ftpg;G mtrpkhAs;sJ.
,aw;if NgudHj;jj;jpd; xU gpujhd
mk;rk;> jkJ cly; cs eyj;jpd;
kPjhd cldbahfj; njd;glhjJk;
miltjpy; rpf;fy; cs;sJkhd
csr; r%fj;jhf;fkhFk;. Rdhkp
ahy; NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kf;fspd; FWfpa kw;Wk; ePz;lfhyj; Njitfisg;
Ghpe;J nfhs;sYk; gjpypWj;jYk;
mj;jpahtrpakhdJ. mj;Jld;
r%f kPs;fl;Lkhdj;jpy; mtHfsJ
gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd nfhs;jFjpwidj;
jPHkhdpf;fTk; cjTk;. nghJr;
Rfhjhuj;Jf;F ghuk;ghpakhf nfhLj;J
tug;gl;LtUk; jho;kl;lf; ftdKk;>
,j;Jiwapy; kpff;Fiwe;jstpyhdtHfs;
gapw;wg;gl;lJkhd #o;epiyapy;> Muk;gr;
Rfhjhu ghuk;ghpg;Gg; gzpahsHfisAk;>
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd r%f cstpay;
gpur;ridfisf; fz;LzHe;J gjpypWf;f
VidNahiuAk; Maj;jk; nra;a xU
ghhpa ce;Jjiyf; nfhLf;f Ntz;b
cs;sJ.
rka ek;gpf;if vd;gJ Rdhkp
apy; capHgpioj;Njhuhy; fhl;lg;gl;l
kPSk; jd;ikapd; KOikahd xU
mq;fkhf cs;sJ. rkaj; jiytHfs;
kdr;rkhjhdj;ij khj;jpuky;y>
eilKiwj; jfty;fs; r%f
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Nghd;wtw;iwAk; toq;fp cs;sdH.
cjtp toq;FdHfs;> jkJ ghj;jpuj;ij
kpfg; gue;j mstpy; kjpf;Fk; Njit
cs;sJ. kWgf;fj;jpy;> epthuz
cjtp epWtdq;fs; jkJ nrhe;jr;
rkaj;ijg; gug;GtJ gw;wpAk; gy
mwpf;iffs; cs;sd. ,J gy ehLfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT gy;NtW
Fog;gq;fisAk; gjfspg;igAk;
cUthf;fp cs;sd. kdpjNeag; gzp
vd;d fw;Ws;Nshk;?
apy;> ,j;jifa rkaf; epWtdq;fs;
,j;jifa gq;fpid tFf;f
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njhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ghpe;Jiufs;
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mOj;jpf; $wg;gl;l gpujhd NgudHj;jj;
jpl;lkply; gpur;ridfs; tUkhW:
 ntspehl;L epWtdq;fs; cs;SH
nfhs;jFjpwidAk;> kPSk; jpwidAk; nry;yhjjhf;fhky; gyg;gLj;j
Kaw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
 mur mjpfhhpfSk; cs;SH
r%fq;fSk;> ngz;fis
Fwpf;fg;gl;l mghaj;Jf;Fl; gLj;Jk;
fhuzpfs; kl;by; tpopg;GzHT
nfhz;ltu;fshf khwNtz;Lk;.
 fsj;Jf;F mDg;gg;gLk; mtru
fhy epGzu;fs;> chpa jpwd;fisf;
nfhz;bUg;gijAk; (,g;gb xUNgh
Jk; elg;gjpy;iy) Njrpa mjpfhu
gPlj;jplkpUe;J mwpTWj;jy;fis
vLf;f Maj;jkhf ,Ug;gijAk;
cWjpg;gLj;j> epjp toq;FdHfs;
Kay Ntz;Lk;.
 Kd;dH Kuz;ghl;bdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l Rdhkp ghjpj;j
gpuhe;jpaq;fspy;> gadhspfshy; ek;gg;glNtz;ba ,uhZtg; gilfspd; nfhs;jFjpwd;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtHfsJ
Nkyhz;ikg; ghj;jpuk;> jq;fp thOk;
jd;ikia cUthf;FtJld; jkJ
RajPHTfis itj;Jf;nfhz;L
r%fq;fs; ,aq;FtijAk;
jLf;fty;yJ.
 Iehtpd; epjpf;fhd mtru
tpz;zg;gk;> cldb
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;F khj;jpuk;
xJf;fg;glTk; nrytplg;glTk;
13
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapy;>
XH cs;sf
,lk;ngau;
Kfhkpy;
rpd;dk;ikj;
jLg;g+rp
Vw;wg;gLk; 15
taJ gw;wpah
14
Rdhkp
f;Fg; nghJr; Rfhjhu gjpypWg;G - ehk;
$lhJ. nghJr;Nritfis kPs;
capHg;G+l;Ltjw;fhd ePz;lfhy
mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fr;
nrytplg;gLk; tz;zk; ,yFgLj;jp
Gjpa eilKiwfs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
 ,dk; fhzg;gl;l NjitfSf;F
kUj;Jtg; nghUl;fs;
nghUj;jkhdit vd;gijAk;> mit
vq;Nf Nghfpd;wd vDk; jlj;ijAk;>
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cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
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epiyf;Fs; mfg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghd;W
Njhd;WtJld;> cjtpfs; kpf
tpidj;jpwDld; tpdpNahfpf;f
g;gl;bUf;ff;$ba rpy gy;Njrpa
xOq;fikg;Gf;fs; gw;wpAk;
mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy.
 gadhsp ehLfSf;F
epjptoq;Fk; eilKiwfs; gw;wp epjp toq;FdHfs;
tpsf;fk; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
epjpfs; cWjpaspf;fg;gl;lJk;
mit jhkjkpd;wp cldbahf
te;JtpLk; vd gy murhq;fq;fs;
,e;NjhNdrpah
vz;Zfpd;wd.
Emily Will/MCC/ACT International
tpy;> Nehahsp 
fSld;>
YAKKUM
mtrufhyg;
gpuptpd; itj;jpaH
rhup Kl;bah
jpKH 
kuk; eLif> mlHj;jpahd
fhLfs;> rJg;Gepyj; jhtuq;fspd;
ghJfhg;G vd;gd vjpHfhy
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Nkk;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.
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ahjhHj;jj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd
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cUthf;fyhk; vd;gij
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 kfg;Ngw;Wg; guhkhpg;G>
jha;g;ghY}l;ly;> FLk;gj;jpl;lkply;>
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rhHe;j jfty;fs;> ,dtpUj;jpr;
Rfhjhu cgfuzg; nghjpfspd;
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Nghd;wtw;iw ghJfhj;jypYk;
Kd;Ndw;WtjpYk; $ba ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 xU ghJfhg;G ikakhfTk;>
trjpfslq;fpa epiyakhfTk;>
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ftdk; nrj;jtpy;iy vd;gijAk; $l
vkf;F epidT+l;b ,Ue;jJ. jpl;lq;fs;
jPl;lg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk;$l> NgudHj;jk;
jhf;Fk;NghJ mtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jf;
$ba epiyapy; ,Ue;jtHfSld;>
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NgudHj;j Maj;jj;ij xOq;fikg;gjpy;
NkYk; mjpfkhd ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl
Ntz;b cs;sJ. mj;Jld; cs;SH
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nry;Yk;> jLg;G Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;
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nghWg;Gtha;e;jtHfs; xt;nthUtUk;
mtw;iwg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sr; nra;tjpYk;
ftdk; nrYj;j Ntz;Lk;.
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Nghd;w Jiwfspy; fw;w ghlq;fis
kPsha;T nra;jy; Kf;fpakhdJ.
nghJr; Rfhjhuk;> Nguopitf;
Fiwf;Fk; jpl;lk; vd;gdtw;wpd;
gad;ghL> mtw;iw mwpe;J mtw;wpd;
Maj;jj;jpy; gq;Fnfhs;Sk; kf;fspd;
vz;zpf;ifiag; nghWj;Nj cs;sd.
kj;jpa murhq;fq;fspy; ,Ue;J
cs;@H r%fq;fs; tiu> vy;yhj;
jug;ghUk; njhlHr;rpahf jpl;lq;fis
kPsha;T nra;tjpYk; gjpypWg;Gf;fis
xj;jpifnra;J ghHg;gjpYk;
njhlHg;GgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
kDty; fhHgy;Nyh> ,lk;ngaHT kw;Wk;
Rfhjhuj;Jf;fhd rHtNjr epiyaj;jpd;
,af;FduhthH (11 Route du Nant d’Avril,
CH – 1214, Geneva, Switzerland) gpwad; `Py;
me;epiyaj;jpd; jfty; mjpfhhpahthH
kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]; [email protected]
khiyjPT $l;lj;ijg;gw;wpa mwpf;ifia
(jha;thd; rHtNjr Rfhjhu eltbf;if
epiyaj;jhy; epjp cjtp mspf;fg;gl;lJ)
ICMH ,d; gpd;tUk; ,izaj;jsj;jpy;
fhzyhk; www.icmh.ch
15
FMR Rdhkp
kpfg; ghhpa epyj;jpUl;L
RdhkpahdJ> NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdq;fspy;
xU chpikfs; - ika mZFKiwf;fhd Njitia
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,jaj;jpy; nrUfg;gLkhfpy;> mJ ntw;wp ngWk; vd;gjw;fhd
re;jHg;gq;fs; mjpfk;. ,e;j chpikfs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;glhkNyh
my;yJ tpyf;fg;gl;L xU xOq;fikg;G hPjpahf kPwg;gl;lhNyh>
chpikfs; khj;jpuk; J];gpuNahfk; nra;ag;gltpy;;iy khwhf kPs;
fl;LkhdKk; Njhy;tpailfpwJ.
kP
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gpd;dhd cjtpfs; nfhl;ba
Ntis> “,k;Kiw NtWtpjkhfj;jhd;
,Uf;fg;NghfpwJ> ,k;Kiw ghjpf;fg;
gl;ltHfisj; jtw tplkhl;Nlhk;”
vDk; gioa fijfisf; Nfl;
Nlhk;. MW khjkhfptpl;lJ> Vida
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,Uf;fpd;wd vdf; Nfl;Fk; NeukpJ.
vJ Njitahf ,Ue;jNjh mij
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tho;itj; njhlHe;J nfhz;L
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Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; G+fk;gk;> kj;jpa
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khiyjPT> ,yq;if> ,e;jpah Nghd;w
,lq;fspy; capH jg;gpatHfs; rpwg;ghf
,d;Ws;sduh? capH jg;gpatHfs;>
jkJ chpikfSf;fikthf
elj;jg;gLfpd;wduh? NtWtifapy; jkJ
,yf;Ffis milaKbahj murpay;
Kd;ndLg;ghsHfs;> mjid mila
NgudHj;jj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy;>
ghjpg;Gw;NwhH ,d;Dk; ghjpg;Gw;Nwhuhf
khw> mtHfsJ kdpj chpikfs; Xuk;
fl;lg;gl;Ls;sdth?
epyk; ,oe;J ngwg;gl;Ls;sJ
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(vr;.vy;.gP) chpikfshFk;.
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ntspNaw;Wkhg;Nghd;w rhf;F>
epyg;gwpg;G> epahag;gLj;j Kbahjh epyr;
RtPfhpg;Gj; jpl;lk;> tPlw;wtHfs; jkJ
nrhe;j fhzpfSf;Fk; tPLfSf;Fk;
kPz;Lk; jpUk;gpr; nry;tijj;
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toq;fpaJ. jha;yhe;Jk; ,e;jpahTk;
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gbKiwfSf;$lhf jdJ FbapUg;G
epyj; Njhw;wj;ij kPs; Njhw;wk;
nfhLg;gjw;F KaYk; Rdhkp jhf;fpa
ehlhf> mJ ntspNa epw;fpwJ.
mur nfhs;ifahdJ flw;fiuapy;
,Ue;J 100 kPw;wUf;Fs; (rpy ,lq;fspy;
200 kPw;wH) Gjpa fl;Lkhdq;fs;
mikf;fg;gLtij jil nra;fpd;wJ.
Rdhkp jhf;fpaNghJ> fpl;lj;jl;l
500>000 kf;fs; mjhtJ jw;NghJ
,lk;ngaHe;Js;stHfs; 100 kPw;wH
jil tyaj;Jf;Fs;NsNa Kd;dH
tho;e;jdH. fl;Lkhd xOq;F tpjp
ahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,tHfSf;F>
Gjpa tPLfs; epHkhzpj;Jf; nfhLj;Jf;
FbakHj;j muR thf;FWjp
mspj;Js;sJ. 100 kPw;wUf;Fs; ,Ue;j
jdpahUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd epyq;fs;
njhlHe;Jk; cz;ikahd chpikahsHfspd; nrhj;Jf;fshf ,Uf;Fk;
mNjNtis (mj;jifa epyq;fis
muR$l nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhlkhl;lhJ
vd $WfpwJ) 100 kPw;wH rl;lkhdJ
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my;yJ
mUfpy;
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chpikfs; epakq;fSld; ,zq;fpr;
nry;tjhfTk; njd;glyhk;. ,Ue;j
NghjpYk; ,j;jifa ,yq;iff; fiu
Nahu Fbrdj;njhifia khw;wty;y
jpl;lq;fs;> gy jpirfspypUe;Jk;
tUk; tpkHrdq;fSf;Fl;gl;Ls;sJ.
Kjyhtjhf> kf;fs; jhNk
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vd;gJld; jkJ Kd;ida
tPLfSf;F kPsj;jpUk;gNt
Vq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH.
,uz;lhtJ> ,yq;ifapy; 100
kPw;wH rl;lk; gw;wp tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f
fye;jhNyhrid ,y;iy. %d;whtJ>
n`hl;ly;fSf;Fk;> gzf;fhu nrhj;J
mgptpUj;jpahsHfSf;Fk; Vida
tpNrl rYif ngw;w FOf;fSf;Fk;
100 kPw;wH rl;lk; mDkjp mspg;gJld;
Gweilg;ghq;iff; nfhz;bUg;gJ rYiffs; gw;wpa fLikahd fhpridfis
vOg;gpAs;sJ.
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nfhLg;gijf; fhl;bYk; jd;dhHt
kPs; jpUk;Gjy; mbg;gilapy;> nrhe;j
tPLfSf;F kf;fs; nry;tij
mDkjpf;Fk; tz;zk;> jkJ
nfhs;iffis Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
msT khw;wpAs;sdH. ,jdhy;
Mr;NrapdH Gjpa gpur;ridfSf;F
Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH. kpfNkhrkhfg;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; ,d;Wk; Gjpa
tPLfs; mNdfkhf fl;Lg;gltpy;iy
my;yJ kPs; fl;Lkhdg; gbKiw
Ntjid nfhs;epiyapy; kpf nkJthf
,Ue;J tUfpwJ. epWtdq;fshy;
Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; r%f tiughf;fj;jpd;
Kf;fpa gbKiw Mr;Nrapy;
,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ. Mdhy; mjpfhhp fs;
,e;j mbkl;lj;jpypUe;J Nky; Nehf;fpa
Kd;ndLg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj; jaf;fk;
fhl;Lfpd;wdH. ,J rpyNtis cyf
tq;fpahy; cjtpaspf;fg;gLk; “tpiuthd
cWjp gjpTnra;Ak; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;”
MSifj; jhf;fkhf ,Uf;fyhk;>
Mr;Nrapy; ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lkhdJ>
epjpkl;by; kpfj; jhf;Fg;gpbf;ff;$bajhf
,Ue;jNghjpYk;> kpf nkJthd
Jk; gue;j kPs; fl;Lkhdg; gb
Kiwia Jhpjg;gLj;Jtjpy; cjTtjw;F
rhj;jpakhd Kuz;ghLfis
J}gkpLtjhfTk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
,yq;ifapy;> Rdhkp mbj;J 6
khjq;fspd; gpd;Dk;> Mapuf;fzf;fhd
ghjpg;Gw;wtHfs; jw;fhypf
nfhl;by;fspYk; $lhuq;fspYk;
tho;fpd;wdH. ghuk;ghpa fiuNahuf;
fpuhkq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehd;F my;yJ
Ie;J rpy rkaq;fspy; 14 fpNyh
kPw;wUf;fg;ghy; Gjpa tPLfis mikf;f
muR jpl;lq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ vd
mwpf;iffs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd. fliyNa [Pthjhukhff; nfhz;l kPdtf;
FLk;gq;fspd; [PtNdhghaj;jpy; ghhpa
jhf;fj;ij ,J nfhz;L tug;NghfpwJ.
,yq;ifapy; jw;fhypf kPsf;FbakHTg;
gpuNjrj;Jf;F tUif jUk; xUtUf;F>
Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jkf;Fj;
Njitahd epue;ju tPLfisg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s gy tUlq;fSf;Ff;
fhj;jpUf;fg; NghfpwhHfs; vd;w
czHitg; ngWtJ mt;tsT
fbdkhdjy;y.
kPsf; fl;Lk; Kaw;rpapy; ,e;jr;
r%fq;fSld; neUf;fkhfj; njhlH
gLtjpy; cs;s Njhy;tpahdJ
Nky jpfkhd tpuf;jpiaj; jUfpwJ.
Rdhkp ghjpj;j ehLfs; KOtJk;>
ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fspd; jPHkhdnkLj;jy;
cs;slq;fyhf> kPs;fl;Lkhd Kaw;rpfs;
nghJthfNt> cr;rpapypUe;J mbkl;lk;
Nehf;fpa Kd;ndLg;Gf;fshfNt ,Ue;J
tUfpd;wd. ghjpg;Gw;w jdp kdpjHfs;>
FLk;gq;fs;> r%fq;fs; kpf tpiuthfg;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;
$ba tPl;Lf;fhd jPHTfisf;
fz;Lgpbf;Fk; Kfhkhf xd;wpize;J
nraw;gl> ghjpg;Gw;w gpuhe;jpaq;fs;
KOtjpYKs;s> muRfs;> r%fq;fs;>
epWtdq;fs; tpNrl Kaw;rpfis
Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 2001,y; Vw;gl;l
G+fk;gj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyg;gFjpapy;
kp fg; ghhpa epyj;jpUl;L
FMR Rdhkp
Scott Leckie
16
,yq;ifapy;>
tPLfs;
epkpu;e;J epd;w
,lq;fs;
F[uhj; khdpy muR nraw;gl;l tpjj;ij
muRfSk; ntspehl;L epWtdq;fSk;
khjphpahff; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
cs;SH r%fq;fisAk; cs;SH
epWtdq;fisAk; kPs;fl;Lkhdg; gb
Kiwia Kd;ndLf;f mDkjpj;jijAk;>
khdpy muNrh my;yJ jdpahH
JiwNah kPs;tPlikg;G Kaw;rpia
nghWg;Ngw;wpUe;jhy; ele;jpUf;ff;$ba
Ntfj;ijf; fhl;bYk; Nkw;Fwpj;jtHfspd;
Kaw;rpahy; vt;tsT tpiuthf kPs
tPl;Lf;Fj; jpUk;g KbANkh mt;tsT
tpiuthf ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jpUg;gpaijAk;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.
chpikfs; ika kPs;fl;Lkhdk;
,e;j ,aw;ifg; NgudHj;jj;jpy;
cl;gjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s khD
lg; ngUe;JauhdJ> capH
gpioj;NjhH jkJ ,y;yq;fisAk;
[PtNdhghaj;ijAk; r%fq;fisAk;
kPsf;fl;bnaOg;g KidAk; Ntis>
mtHfsJ kdpj chpikfis kPWt
jd; %yk; mjpfhpf;fg;glf;$lhJ.
vr;vy;gP chpikfs;> NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg;
gpd;dhd xOq;fikg;gpy; kpfg; gpujhd khd fhuzpahFk;. mj;Jld;
vjpHfhy kPl;rp Kaw;rpfspd; KOikahd
mq;fkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. epthuz
kPs; fl;Lkhd Kaw;rpfspy;> vr;vy;gP
chpikfs;rhH Ntiyj;jpl;lkhdJ>
Rdhkpf;fhd gjpypWg;gpd;kl;by;
vjpHfhy NgudHj;jq;fspy; $l
mjpfhpj;Jr; nry;Yk; fbdkhd
nfhs;iffspy; gytw;iw jtpHg;gjw;F
vNjh xUtifapy; ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;.
1. Rakhf kPs; jpUg;GjYf;fhd
chpik: NgudHj;jq;fspd; vy;yh
capH gpioj;NjhUk; jhk; Kd;dH
trpj;j fhzpfSf;F vt;tpj
ghugl;rKk; ,d;wp Rakhfj;
jd;dhHtj;Jld; jpUk;gptUtjw;fhd
chpikia nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mtHfsJ
tPLfs; thoNth jpUj;jj;Jf;Fl;gl;L
gpd; gad;gLj;jNth
$badntd;why; ,e;j tPLfisj;
jpUj;jTk;> kPsg;ngwTk;> kPsTk;
cupiknfhz;lhlTk;> kPsTk;
thoTkhd chpik kjpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. kPs; jpUk;Gjypy;
VjhtJ epahag;gLj;jg;gl Kbahj
fl;Lg;ghLfs; ,Ug;gpd;> mit rHtNjr rl;lj;jpd; fPo;> rl;lj;Jf;Fg;
Gwk;ghdjhff; fhzg;gLk; fl;lha
ntspNaw;wj;Jf;F <lhFk;.
2. NghJkhd msT ,Ug;gpl
,y;yj;Jf;Fk; ghJfhg;ghd
kPs; jpUk;GjYf;Fkhd chpik:
midj;J mdu;j;jq;fisAk;
njhlu;e;J> midj;Jg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
FLk;gq;fSf;Fk;> jdpegu;fSf;Fk;
ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfSf;fikthf
NghJkhdjhdJk; ,aYkhdJkhd
tPlnlhd;W toq;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
kPs; jpUk;Gjy;> kPs;FbNaw;wk; kl;by;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l FLk;gq;fSf;Fk;
r%fq;fSf;Fk; xg;ge;jg; ghJfhg;G
toq;fg;gl;L cupaKiwapy; mJ
tPl;L> fhzpg;gjptpy; gjpag;gly;
mtrpak;. kPs;epu;khzg; gbKiwapd;
tpiothf ahUk; tPlw;wtu;fshf
khwf;$lhJ.
3. gq;Nfw;G> fye;jhNyhrid>
ghukl;rkpd;ikf;fhd cup
ik: jpl;lkply;> kPs;tUif>
Kfhikj;Jtk;> kPs; tPLfis
Mf;Fjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; mdHj;jdj;jhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; KOikahd
gq;Nfw;ig cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
tpNrl Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. midj;Jg; ghjpg;Gw;w
r%fq;fSk; ve;j xU tPl;Lj;
jpl;lj;jpYk; fye;jhNyhrpf;fg;glTk;>
jkJ tpUg;Gf;fisg;
gpujpepjpj;Jtg; gLj;jTk; r%f
– ika mikg;Gf;fis cUthf;fp
Cf;fg;gLj;jg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;.
tPL> kPs;epHkhdk; mjDld;
njhlHGgl;l cs;sff; fl;Lkhdk;
vd;gdtw;wpD}lhf Kd;dhs;
FbapUg;ghsh;fs; mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf
Vio tjptplj;jhH khj;jpuk;
gad;ngWtij cWjpg;gLj;j
Kw;WKOjhd gq;Nfw;G>
xopTkiwtw;w> tif $Wk;
xOq;FKiwfs; cUthf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. midj;J kPs; fl;Lkhd
GdH tho;T Kaw;rpfSk;>
xJf;fg;gl;l my;yJ Fwpg;ghf
,yF mghaepiyf;Fl;gl;ltHfsJ
Njitfis ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sy;
Ntz;Lk;.
4. jw;fhypf tPlikg;G Maj;jk;
nra;jypy; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd chpik:
NgudHj;jj;ijj; njhlHe;J jw;fhypf
tPlikg;G FbapUg;Gf;fisg; NghL
tjpYk; elj;JtjpYk; rHtNjr
kdpj chpikfs; gpukhdq;fSf;F
KOikahf ,zq;Ftjhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. Kfhk; thrpnahUthpd;
ciwAs;> ePH> czT> kUj;Jtg;
guhkhpg;G> fy;tp vd;gtw;Wf;fhd
chpikia epiwT nra;tjw;F
Nkyjpfkhf> KfhkhdJ mjpy;
trpf;Fk; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspDldhd
KOikahd fye;jhNyhrid>
xj;Jiog;Gld; epHtfpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. mtrufhy epiyrhH
cjtpg; nghUl;fNsh trjpfNsh
ahiuAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;
mlf;Ftjw;Fkhd rhjdkhfg;
gad;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ. jw;fhypf
Kfhk;fs; midj;jpDs;Sk;
cly; csg;ghJfhg;G>
csr;Rfhjhuk; Fwpg;ghf
ngz;fs; rpWtHfspd; ,j;jifa
mk;rq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLtJld;
ghuhkhpf;fg;gLjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
5. [Pthjhuk;> r%fg; ghJfhg;G>
jz;zPH> Rfhjhuk; fy;tp
vd;gdtw;Wf;fhd chpik:
NgudHj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd cjtp
Kaw;rpfs; ntWkNd mtrufhy
cjtpiaAk; jw;fhypf Kfhk;fs;
mikg;igAk; Nehf;fpajhf rkkw;w
tifapy; jpirg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ.
kPs; fl;Lkhdk;> GdHtho;Tf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd
tsq;fs;> nghUj;jkhd tPLfisf;
fl;lTk;> ,oe;j [PtNdhghaj;ij
kPs capHg;gpf;fTk;> r%fg;
ghJfhg;G> Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp>
r%f trjpfs; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd
nghUl;fSf;Fk; nrytplg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
6. guk;giur; nrhj;Jf;fhd rk
chpik: ghugl;rkpf;fJk; ngz;fs;
gps;isfSf;F rkkhd nrhj;J
khw;wj;ij jLf;fty;yJkhd
midj;Jg; guk;giur; nrhj;Jk;
nrhj;Jhpikr; rl;lq;fSk;
my;yJ eilKiwfSk; (KiwrhH my;yJ Kiwrhuh) JUtp
Muhag;gl;L rkkhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
tpjitfSf;F rl;lG+Ht fhzp
cWjpfs; toq;fg;gLtJld; jkJ
nrhe;jg; ngaHfspy; khw;wg;glTk;
Ntz;Lk;. jpUkzkhd ngz;fs;
jkJ fztH gps;isfSld;
nrhj;J Mtzq;fspy; rkkhf
,dk;fhl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
7. ngz;fs; chpikfs;: ngz;fs;
nghJthfNt ghuk;ghpakhf
capHgpioj;jiyAk; mtHfsJ r%fj;jpd; eyd;fisAk;
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; Kd;dpiyapy;
,Ue;J tUfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; Nky;
typAWj;jg;gl;l ngz;fSf;fhd
chpikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Nkyjpfkhf epthuzk;> kPs; epHkhdk;>
GdHtho;T Kaw;rpfspy; ngz;fSf;F
cjTtJk; gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd mtHfsJ chpikfis kjpg;gJk;
,d;wpaikahjJ.
,e;J rKj;jpur; RdhkpahdJ>
mLj;j ghhpa ,aw;if my;yJ kdp
jH cUthf;Fk; mdHj;jj;Jf;Fg;
gjpypWf;Fk; nghWg;igg; ngw;Ws;s>
nfhs;if tFg;ghsHfSf;F Vuhskhd
gbg;gpidfisj; je;Js;sJ. mLj;j
,d;DnkhU NgudHj;jk; Vw;gLk;NghJ
kPl;rpg;gbKiwapy; ,d;W ehk; fhZk;
muRfspd; rhJ}hpakhd Ruz;ly;fs;
kPz;Lk; Vw;glhJ vd ek;gyhk;.
];nfhl; ypAfp> tPl;Lhpikfs; kw;Wk;
rl;lg;gb ntspNaw;wj;Jf;fhd
epiyaj;jpd; ,af;FdUk; (COHRE
www.cohre.org) Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;
,yq;ifapYk; khiyjPtpYk; tPlikg;G>
fhzp> nrhj;Jhpikfs; rhHe;j
gpur;ridfspy; gzpGhpe;jtUk; MthH.
kpd; mQ;ry; : [email protected]
COHRE MdJ> Rdhkp jhf;fpa ehLfspy; kPs; epHkhz epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspy;
,lk;ngWk; kdpj chpikfs;
J];gpuNahfq;fSf;fhd fz;fhzpg;G
mYtyfj;ij mz;ikapy; nfhOk;gpy;
mikj;Js;sJ. njhlHGfSf;F :
[email protected]
17
FMR Rdhkp
Vida neUf;fbfSf;fhd epjpaspj;jiy Rdhkp
ghjpj;Js;sjh?
nuhgp yhd;]h;
V
ida mtrufhy
epiyikfSf;fhd epjpia
Rdhkp jpir jpUg;gptpl;lJ vd mNdf
cjtpg; gzpahsh;fs; jkJ ftiyia
ntspapl;Ls;sdh;. ,Nj khjphpahd gak;
vg;Nghnjy;yhk; ghhpa mtru fhyepiy vOfpd;wNjh mg;Nghnjy;yhk;
vOe;Js;sJ. Mdhy; mit epahag;gLj;
jg;gLfpd;wdth?
,f;fl;Liuia tiuAk; [{d; 03 ,y;>
gpujhd I.eh. epWtdq;fspdJk; mur
rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fspdJk; epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fis Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;ba I.eh.
tpd; mtru tpz;zg;gKk; jpul;ba
tpz;zg;gq;fSk; 41% epjpia ngw;wd
vd I.eh.tpd; epjpj; jpl;l Nrit1
mwptpj;J. ,e;J rKj;jpu epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lk; rkepiyg;ghq;fpypUe;J tpyfpaNghJ> epjp toq;fy; mw;gkhf
25%f;F fPopwq;fpaJ. mNjNghy;
fle;j tUlk; lhG+h; khdpyj;Jf;F
cyf ftdk; jpUk;Gtjw;F Kd;dh;>
mtru tpz;zg;gj;Jf;Fk; jpul;ba
tpz;zg;gq;fSf;Fk; 23% f;F epjp
cjtp mspf;fg;gl;ld. xNu ghh;itapy;
Nehf;fpd;> nrd;w tUlj;ijtpl
,t;tUlk; epjpAjtp rpwpJ NtWgl;ljhf
njd;gLfpwJ. mj;Jld; N[h;kdp>
[g;ghd;> Nehh;Nt> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w
gpujhd epjp toq;Fk; ehLfs;
Vida
gpur;rpidfSf;F epjp toq;Ftjpy;
rpwpJ guthapy;iy vdyhk;. mNj
Ntis xU tUlj;Jf;F Kd;du;
,Ue;jij tpl cah;thf ,Uf;fpd;wd.
cz;ikapy; Vid gpur;ridfSf;F
epjp toq;fy; xU ey;y nra;jpahf
cs;sJ NghYs;sJ. my;yJ mt;thW
njd;gLfpwNjh?
Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F epjpaspg;gij
Rdhkp jpir jpUg;gtpy;iynad
KbTf;F tUKd;dh;> 2004 Mz;Lld;
xg;gpLk;NghJ ,t;tUlj;jpy;
fpilf;ff;$ba kdpj Nea epjpapd;
msit ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. 2005 ,y; ,d;Wtiu Vuhskhd gzk;> cjtp epWtdq;fSf;F
fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Ue;jjw;F
Rdhkpf;F ed;wp. mNjNtis Rdhkp epjpia ftdj;jpy; vLf;fhj
NghjpYk;$l> 2004 ,y; ,Nj
fhyg;gFjpapy; fpilf;ff;$bajhapUe;j
697 kpy;ypaDld; xg;gpLk; NghJ
,t;tUlk; 847 kpy;ypad; lhyh;
vd;gJ mjpfkhdNj. mjpfhpj;J tUk;
ftdpg;ghuw;w gy;NtWgl;l mtrufhy
epiyikfSf;F Mf 417 kpy;ypad;
lhyh;fis khj;jpuk; tpl;Ltpl;L>
,t;tUlj;jpd; nkhj;jj;jpy; miuthrpg;
gq;F #lhDf;FhpajhfpAs;sJ. fle;j
tUl ,Nj fhyg; gFjpia tpl 2005
,y; Kjy; 5 khj fhyg;gFjpapy;> kj;jpa
Mgphpf;f FbauR> rhl;> nrr;dpah>
vhpj;jphpah> fthdh> Nrhkhypah> Nkw;F
Mgphpf;fh Nghd;w ehLfs; Fiwe;j
gzj;ij ngw;Ws;sd. mq;Fs;s kf;fs;
xU tUlj;Jf;F Kd; ,Ue;jijtpl
kpf NkhrkhfNt ,d;Ws;sdu;.
2005f;fhd 21 tpz;zg;gq;fspy; ruhrhp
epjp toq;fy; 25% khj;jpuNk ,Uf;f>
nkhj;j tpz;zg;gq;fspy; 11> 20% f;
Ff; Fiwthd epjpia ngw;wd. 1992
,y; ,Ue;J> ,j;jifa tpz;zg;gq;fs;
tUlj;ij G+h;j;jpnra;Ak;Ntis ruhrhp
ahf 67% epjpia khj;jpuk; nfhz;bUf;f
epjp toq;fy; Neuf;fzpg;G rhu;e;j
RdhkpAld; njhlh;Ggl;l kpf Nkhrkhd
gpur;ridfSk; cs;sd.
ey;y nfhs;iffSf;Fk;> eilKiw
gpd;gw;wy;fSf;Fk; xOFk; rpy Kf;fpa
murhq;fq;fshy; Kd; vLf;fg;gl;l ‘ey;y
kdpj Nea epjptoq;F jd;ik’apd;2
kl;by; ,t;tUlk; 2k; tUlkhf
cs;sJ. ,tw;wpy; xd;W> tpz;zg;gq;fs;
tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl;lJk; cldbahf
gzk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;
vd;gij vkf;F $WfpwJ. Rdhkpf;fhd
epjprhh; gjpYWg;G cz;ikapy; kpf
tpiuthf ,Uf;Fk; nghOJ Vida
gpur;ridfSf;fhd epjp toq;fy;
toikNghy nkJthfNt cs;sJ.
epjp toq;Fgth;fs; Rdhkpapy; ftdk;
Ftpj;jJld; Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F
ftdj;ij nrYj;jj;jf;f
NghjpasT mYtyf tsq;fis
Fiwthf nfhz;bUe;jdh;. Rdhkp my;yhj Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F
Kd;nkhopT mbg;gilapy; epjpaspj;jy;>
xg;ge;jq;fis nra;tjw;fhd
nghWg;Ngw;G vd;gd mth;fs; Kd;dh;
nra;jij fhl;bYk; jhkjkhfNt
,lk;ngWfpd;wd vd;gJ$l xu; gjpy;
tpisNtahFk;.
rpy rk;gtq;fspy; GjpjhfTk;> Nkyjpf
khfTk; thf;fspf;fg;gl;l Rdhkp fhR
cz;ikapy; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,y;iy.
vdNt gy epjp toq;Fdh;fs;; Vida
mtrufhy epiyikfSf;nfd;W
Kd;dh; xJf;fg;gl;ltw;iw> Rdhkp
gzkhf xJf;f gy FWf;F topfis
ifahz;ldh;. mj;jifa rk;gtq;fspy;
epjp mikr;rh;fs; epjpfis <L nra;a
thf;FWjp mspj;jdh;. Mdhy; mjw;F
mjpf fhyk; vLf;ff;$ba rl;l
hPjpahd nraw;ghLfs; Njitg;glyhk;.
me;j tifapy; Rdhkp rpy epjp
tsq;fis jpir jpUg;gpaJld; Vida
gpur;ridfs; cs;s gpuhe;jpaq;fspy;
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F fpilf;Fk;
gzj;ij fhyjhkjg;gLj;jpaJ.
gpd;yhe;J Nghd;w muRfs; ,t;
Mz;Lf;nfd cUthf;fg;gl;l cjtp
gl;[l;il Vw;fdNt nfhz;Ls;sJld;
mJ mjpfhpf;fg;gl khl;lhJ vd
mwptpj;Jk; cs;sdu; vd;gJ Rdhkpahy;
te;j jhf;fj;ij ,d;Wk; mjpfhpf;fr;
nra;Js;sJ. Rdhkpf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
gzk; vd;gJ Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F
gzk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf ,y;iy
vd;gijNa fUJfpwJ.
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dh;> cjtp epWtdq;fs;
tpiuthfTk;> jhuhskdJlDk;
nray;gl nghJkf;fsplkpUe;Jk;
cs;shh;e;j tpjj;jpYk; ngUk;
mOj;jj;Jf;Fl;gl;ldh;. fpilf;ff;$ba
gapw;wg;gl;l gzpahsh;fspd; vz;zpf;if
tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;Ls;sJld;>
gy I.eh. mikg;Gf;fSk; mur
rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fSk; Kf;fpa
fs eltbf;iffspy; ,Ue;J jkJ
toq;fis jiyikafq;;fSf;F>
Rdhkpf;fhf gzpahw;w jpir jpUg;gp
cs;sdh;. nrd;w tUlj;ij tpl
,e;j tUlj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; Kjy;
neUf;fbahf jpfohj gpuhe;jpaq;fspy;
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;fhd
Kd;nkhopTfis gy epWtdq;fs;
ifaspj;Js;sd vd;gJ ,jd; gpd;
tpisTfspy; xd;whf jpfo;fpwJ.
cz;ikapy; nrd;w tUlj;jpd;
,Nj fhyg;gFjpAld; xg;gpLifapy;
Mgphpf;fhtpd; rpy ehLfSf;fhd
ngwg;gl;l Kd;nkhopTfspd; vz;zpf;if
,t;tUlj;jpy; Fiwthf cs;sJ vd
xU gpujhd epjp toq;Fdh; $wpAs;shh;.
epiwT
Rdhkpf;F xj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gzk;
vd;gJ Vida gpur;rpidfSf;F
,y;iy vd;w epiyapy;> ,e;J rKj;jpu
Ngudh;j;jk; Vida gpur;rpidfSf;fhd
epjpaspj;jiy jpir jpUg;gpAs;sJ
vd;gij $l;bf; fopj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy;
mjpy; xd;Wkpy;iy vd;w fUj;ijNa
Kd;nkhopfpwJ. ,ij tpl ,e;jr;
#o;epiyahdJ rpf;fy; tha;e;jJ.
cjhuzkhf mNdf epjp toq;Fdh;fs;
Rdhkp epjpaspj;jy; vd;gJ Nkyjpfkhd gzk; vd;Wk; Vida
gpur;rpidfspy; jhk; nryTnra;jJ
fle;j tUlj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy;
cz;ikapy; mjpfhpj;Js;sJ vd;Wk;
Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;fs;;.
xl;L nkhj;jkhf> ,e;J rKj;jpu
Ngudh;j;jk; Mff;Fiwe;jsT
jw;fhypfkhfNtDk;> epjp
toq;Fdh;fspdJk; cjtp
epWtdq;fspdJk; Vida
gpur;rpidfSf;F gjpypWg;gij
ghjpj;Js;sJ. ,r; #o;epiy jiy
fPohf khwf; $banjd;gJld; cjtpg;
gzp r%fj;jhy; xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l
nray;ghl;il Ntz;bAk; epw;fpwJ.
Kd;Fwpj;J fzpg;gplty;yJk; chpa
Neuj;Jf;Ffe;jJk; Njit ika
epjpaspj;jYf;Fkhd miog;G vg;NghJk;
ngWkhdk; kpf;fJ. gpe;jpa epjpaspj;jy;
Fiwthd epjp mspj;jy; Mfpadtw;wpd;
gpd; tpisTfs; gw;wp cjtp toq;Fk;
epWtdq;fs; epjp toq;F epWtdq;fspd;
ftdj;ij <h;f;f Ntz;Lk;. iftplg;gl;l
my;;yJ jhkjkhd epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fshy; Vw;gLk; kdpj mtyq;fspd;
gpd; tpisTfis tpghpf;Fk; juTfs; jfty;fs; mtrpakhdit. jkJ
Rdhkp gzk; NtwhdJ> Vida
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F xJf;fg;gl;ljy;y
vd;nwy;yhk; $Wk; muRfs; mJ
cz;ikjhdh vd epUgpf;FkhW
Nfl;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. rl;lkpaw;Wgth;fSk;
epjp mikr;rh;fSk; kdpj Nea
gzpf;fhd gl;[l;Lf;fis tpiuthf
khw;wpaikf;f nray;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mtrufhy epthuzj;jpy; fhyf;fzpg;G
vd;gJ kpf Kf;fpak;. 2005 [{d;
,Wjpg;gFjpapy; jdJ tpz;zg;gq;fspd;
jw;Nghija epiy gw;wp fye;Jiuahl
n[dpthtpy; I.eh xU $l;lj;ij
$l;lTs;sJ. cyfpd; kpfTk; gpujp$yk;
kpf;f gpuNjrq;fspy; Ngudh;j;jj;jhYk;
Aj;jj;jhYk; jhf;fg;gl;Ls;s kf;fSf;F
vd;d ele;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjpy;
$ba mOj;jKk; ftdKk; nfhLf;fg;gl
cs;sd. ghhpa kdpj Nea r%fj;jpd;
cldb ftdk; ,jw;F Njitg;gLfpwJ.
nuhgp yhd;]h; Kd;id ehs;
mfjpfs; Ma;T epiya tUifju
cldpUg;ghsUk; n[dpth X. rp.
vr;. V. ,y; jpul;ba tpz;zg;gg;
gbKiw Kiwf;fhd jiytUk;
Mthh;. Ra jw;Wzptpy; ,f;fl;Liu
tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ. kpd; mQ;ry; :
[email protected]
1. www.reliefweb.int/fts
2. www.reliefweb.int/ghd
18
FMR Rdhkp
If;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; rHtNjr mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpizf;fsk;
(DFID) Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig kPsha;T nra;fpd;wJ
Nltpl; n`hNuhgpd;
f;fpa ,uhr;rpaj;jpd; rHtNjr
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpizf;fsk;
(DFID) Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd
fhyj;jpy; cldbahf mz;zsthf
xj;Jf;nfhz;l 68 kpy;ypad; gTz;fs;
epthuz cjtpf;fhd Ntiyj;jpl;lj;ij
jw;NghJ jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. jdJ kdpj
Neag; gjpypWg;G kPsha;T G+u;j;jpahf;fg;
glhjNghjpYk; Kd;$l;ba ghlq;fs;
ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.
gz;lh
Mr;Nrf;F
epthuzg;
nghUl;fis
glfpy;
nfhz;L
nry;yy;
njd;fpof;fhrpa gpuhe;jpaj;ij khH
fop 26 ,y; cYf;fpa Rdhkpf;F
gpupj;jhdpa murpd; gjpypWg;ig
bgpl; (DFID) topelj;jp cs;sJ.
Kuz;ghl;Lf;Fk; kdpjNea
mYtyfj;Jf;Fkhd jpizf;fsj;jpd;
(CHADOT) gzpf;FOtpd; gpujhd
mq;fj;Jt mYtyfu;> ,yz;ldpy;
,Ue;J Gwg;gl;L khHfop 26k; jpfjp
khiyNa nfhOk;ig te;jile;jhH.
bgpl; mjpfhhpfis gpupj;jhdpa caH
];jhdpfuhyaj;jpy; re;jpj;Jtpl;L> Ieh
mjpfhhpfSld; fye;Jiuahba gpd;>
kpf Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l fpof;F
fiuNahukhd mk;ghiwf;F cldbahf nrd;W> ,yq;if muRf;F
cjTk; nghUl;L Ieh kw;Wk; gue;j
kdpjNea r%fj;Jf;fhd fzpg;gPl;il
nghWg;ngLg;gnjd KbT nra;ag;gl;lJ.
NguopT Vw;gl;L xUrpy ehl;fspNyNa
KjyhtJk; tpiuthdJk; tprhykhdJkhd tpisTj;jhf;fk; kw;Wk; Njitf;
fzpg;gPl;il Ieh> A+v];vapl;> bgpl;
Mfpad ,ize;J vLj;j vLg;gpNyNa
nra;J Kbj;jd. mj;Jld;> vkJ
mYtyHfs;> epthuz cjtp> A+.
vd;. vr;. rP. MH. kw;Wk; Njrpa mjpfhurig vd;gdtw;Wld; ,ize;J
Muk;g ,ilj;jq;fy;; Kfhk;fis
xOq;fikj;jy; Nghd;w tpilaq;fspy;
<Lgl;bUe;j gphpj;jhdpa ,uhZtj;ij
topelj;JtjpYk; ,ize;J gzpGhptjp
Yk; <Lgl;ldu;. mj;Jld; FbapUg;G>
ghJfhg;G> csr;r%f cjtp> fy;tp
[Pthjhu nraw;ghLfis Muk;gpj;jy;
Nghd;wdtw;iw Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk;
CHAD Kfhikj;Jtj;Jf;F> epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd ghpe;JiufisAk;
cUthf;fpdH.
KjyhtJ njhFjp epthuzk;
tpkhd%lhf If;fpa ,uhl;rpaj;ijtpl;L
Gwg;gLtjw;fhd xOq;Ffis bgpl;
Nkw;nfhz;lJ. kdpjNea mDgtq;fis
xUq;fpizf;Fk; Iehtpd; mYtyfk;
(xrpvr;V) My; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l ,e;J
rKj;jpu mtru tpz;zg;gj;Jf;F bgpl;
10 kpy;ypad; gTz;fis mspj;jJ.
IehTf;$lhf 40 kpy;ypad; gTz;fis
epthuz kPl;rpg; gzpfSf;F jdJ
cjtpahf bgPl; mspj;jpUe;jJ. ,J
Iehtpd; epWtdq;fis kw;Wk; Neub
cjtp ,uz;bidAk; ,izg;gjhf
,Ue;jJ.
Rkhj;jpuhtpd; mopTf;Fl;gl;l Nkw;F
fiu KOtJkhd gpuNjrj;jpy;
jdpikg;gl;Lg; NghapUe;j
r%fq;fSf;fhd Iehtpd;
kw;Wk; Vida epWtdq;fspd;
cjtp fis toq;Ftjpy; Ie;J
cyq;FthD}Hjpfis thliff;fkHj;jpf;
nfhLj;jjd; %yk; jdJ fhj;jpukhd
ghj;jpuj;ij bgpl; epiwNtw;wpapUe;jJ.
gy gphpj;jhdpahitr; rhuhj
epWtdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf 25 mur
rhHgw;w epWtdq;fSf;F jkJ
Ntiyia Kd;ndLf;f cjTk; Kfkhf
epjp cjtpfis toq;fpAs;Nshk;.
nrQ;rpYit> nrk;gpiw rq;fj;Jf;F
35 kpy;ypad; gTz; toq;fg;gl;lJ.
gphpj;jhdpahtpd; 13 Kd;dzp epjp cjtp
epWtdq;fisg; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk;
NguopTfs; mtrufhy epiyfSf;fhd
nraw;FOthy; xOq;F nra;ag;gl;l
26 tpkhd njhFjp epthuz
nghUl;fSf;fhd nrytpdq;fis
nrYj;jpNdhk;.1
mtrufhy epiy fhzg;gl;l
fhyg; gFjpapy;> bgpl; Vuhskhd gpur;rpidfis ,dk; fz;lJ.
Rkhj;jpuhtpd; Nkw;Ff; fiuapy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfis tpNrlkhf
ftdj;jpnyLj;jhy; mq;F juTfs;
kpfTk; tiuaWj;Jf; fhzg;gl;ld.
cs;SH mtrufhy Kfhikj;Jt
fl;likg;Gf;fs; kpfTk; gytPdkhf
,Ue;jd. rpy Fwpg;gpl;l Jiwfspy;
Kd;dzptfpj;j ntsp epWtdq;fs;
gw;wp Fog;g epiy ,Ue;jJ.
Iehtpd; mtru tpz;zg;gk; jhkjkhf
jahhpf;fg;gl;bUe;jJld; Kiwahd
fl;likg;ig nfhz;buhjJ Nghd;Wk;
njd;gl;lJ. jFjptha;e;j kw;Wk;
mDgtkpf;f Mszp gw;whf;Fiwahy;;
epWtdq;fs; mtjpAw;wd. bgpl; ,dhy;
cjtpaspf;fg;gl;l gz;lh Mr;Nr kw;Wk;
nfhOk;gpd; kdpjNea jfty; ikaq;fs;
kpftpiuthf cUthf;fg;gltpy;iy.
Nguoptpw;Fg; gpd;duhd 6 khjq;
fspy; bgpl; jhd; epjp toq;fpa
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis Mokhf
cw;WNehf;FtJld; mtw;wpd;
Nghf;ifAk; njhlHr;rpahf mtjhdpj;J
tUfpd;wJ. ,e;NjhNdrpah> ,yq;if>
,e;jpah> khiyjPT Nghd;w ehLfspy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij ghpNrhjpf;Fk;
fz;fhzpg;Gg; gzpapd; ,ileLtpy;
ehk; jw;NghJ cs;Nshk;. Kiwahd
mbg;gil trjpfSlDk;> ePH kw;Wk;
Vida Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp trjpAlDk;>
tho;itAk; tho;thjhuj;ijAk; vjpHfhy
Ngujph;rpapYk;$l jhf;Fg;gpbf;fty;y
,aYikia kPs fl;bnaOg;Gk; kPs;
tskhf;fg;gl;l rhjdq;fSlDk;>
epue;jukhf kf;fs; FbakHj;jg;gl
,d;Dk; epiwaNt nra;aNtz;b
cs;snjd;gij ehk; mwpe;Nj
cs;Nshk;.
fw;wiyAk; xUq;fpizg;igAk;
mgptpUj;jp nra;aty;y rpwe;j kdpj
Nea epjp toq;F ghq;Fldhd
Kd;tUjy; kl;by; jdJ flg;ghLfis
bgpl; ed;whf czu;e;Js;sJ. vkJ
Rdhkp eltbf;iffis> gue;j
tprhykhd kdpjNeag; gjpypWg;G
kPs;ghHitf;$lhd fzpg;gPl;il
jw;NghJ ehk; nghWg;Ngw;WtUfpNwhk;.
mtw;wpd; ngWNgWfs; Vida epjp
toq;FdHfSlDk; gfpHe;J nfhs;sg;gl
cs;sd. epjp eltbf;iffSf;fhd
KfhikahsHfspd; $l;lnkhd;Wk;
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
tphpthd tpje;Jiufs; ntsptu
yhk;. Mdhy; vdJ Ra ghHitf;
Nfhzj;jpypUe;J> gpd;tUtdtw;Wf;fhd
Njitfis gw;wp Rdhkp fw;gpj;Js;sJ
vd ehd; ek;Gfpd;Nwd;.
 Iehtpd; xOq;fikg;gidj;ijAk;
ClWj;j xU nghJthd
nfhs;tdT> tpdpNahfk; kw;Wk; ifahsy; Nrit xOq;fikg;G.
 Iehtpd; mDgtk;kpf;f kdpj
Nea xUq;fpizg;ghsHfs;
Kd;Ndw;wfukhd tYT+l;liy
nfhz;bUj;jy;.
 Ieh kw;Wk; INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;ij
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jk; NguopTf;fhd
gjpypWg;G mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gly;.
 Iehtpd; ghupa xUq;fpizg;ig
Kd;Ndw;Wk; tz;zk; INuhg;gpa
xd;wpak; xU xUq;fikg;G
fl;likg;ig cUthf;Fjy;.
 ,uhZt kw;Wk; rptpy; kdpj
Nea gzpahsHfSf;fpilapy;
xUq;fpizTf;fhd njspthd
topfhl;ly;fs;.
 kdpjNea mYtyfHfSf;fhd
Kd;Ndw;wfukhd njhopy;rhH
gpukhzq;fSk; jifikf;
fl;Lkhdq;fSk;.
 epjp toq;FdHfSf;fpilapy;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghJthd
eltbf;ifrhH ,yf;Ffs;.
Nltpl; n`huhgpd; bgpl; ,d; Kuz;ghL
kw;Wk; kdpjNea mYty;fs;
jpizf;fsj;jpd; eltbf;iffs; mzp
,af;FduhthH. kpd;dQ;ry;:
[email protected].
,f;fl;Liu> bgpl;bd; my;yJ If;fpa
,uhr;rpa murpd; fUj;Jf;fis
gpujpgypf;fhky; jw;Wzptpd;
mbg;gilapy; tiuag;gl;Ls;sJ.
1. www.dec.org.uk
UNICEF/Josh Estey
I
19
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk;
ngaHe;Njhiu miljy;
FNshbah `l;];Ngj;
Rdhkpahy;> Mr;Nr khfhzj;jpy; kf;fs; njhifapy; 12%
Mr;NrapdH mjhtJ miu kpy;ypad; kf;fs; cs;sf ,lk;
ngaHe;NjhuhfpdH. kdpj Nea nraw;ghl;lhsHfSf;F>
,tHfis nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ ghupa rthyhf ,Ue;jJ.
vjpHfhyj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba mtrufhy epiyikfspy; cs;sf
,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu nrd;wilAk; topfis Kd;Ndw;w> gy
Kf;fpa ghlq;fis ,jpypUe;J ehk; fw;f KbAk;.
,
lk;ngaHe;Njhupy; mNdfkh
NdhH> xd;wpy; khfhzj;ijtpl;L
ntspNawpdH my;yJ nghWg;Ngw;Fk;
FLk;gq;fshy; $l;br; nry;yg;gl;ldH.
Mdhy; gs;spthapy;fs;> ghlrhiy
fs;> tpisahl;L ikjhdq;fs;
Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;l
Kfhk;fSf;Fs; kpfTk; mgha
epiyf;F vg;NghJNk ,yFthf
cl;gLk; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd
tpfpjj;jpdH tho;e;jdH. ,tHfsJ
jw;fhypf tho;tplk; mopTf;Fl;gl;l
fpuhkq;fspd; tpspk;gpNyh my;yJ
,e;NjhNdrpag; gilapdUf;Fk; [P.V.vk;.
gpuptpidthjpfSf;Fk; Nghl;bf;
fskhf tpsq;fpa Nkl;L epyq;fspNyh
mike;jpUe;jJ. rHtNjr r%fk; kpf
tpiuthfr; nraw;gl;L> jLf;ff;$ba
kuzq;fis jtpHj;j mNjNtis
Mr;Nria miltjw;F ngsjPf>
jfty;> r%f uPjpahd %d;W gpujhd
jilfSk; fhzg;gl;ld. Cldbahfr;
nrd;wilaf; $batHfSf;F mtru
fhy epthuzj;ij toq;fpf; nfhz;Nl>
,j;jifa jilfis nty;Yjy;
vd;gJ nrhy;yNt f];lkhdJ vd;gJ
ep&gzkhdJ.
nrd;wiltjw;fhd ngsjPfj;
jilfs;
Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj> Vuhskhd cs;sf
,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu ngsjPf uPjpahf
nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ gpur;rpidahd
tplak; vd;gJ njspthdJ. kpfNkhrkhf ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd gz;lh
Mr;Nrf;Fk; KNyhNghtpd; njd;gFjpapd;
njhlf;fj;Jf;Fkpilapyhd 200
fp.kP fiuNahuj;ijr; nrd;wiljy;
vd;gJ Kbahj fhupak;. Rdhkp
E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd ghyq;fisAk;
Vuhskhd tPjpfisAk; fOtpr;
nrd;wpUe;jJ. nkhj;jkhf 26 km
f;fhd njhlHGgLj;Jk; nfhs;jFjpwd;
Njitg;gl;lJ. Gjpa kz; NkLfshYk;>
ngupa flw; fyq;fs; jiuapwq;Ftijf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; rpijTfshYk;>
fiuNahuk;$l cUkhw;wj;Jf;F
cs;shfp ,Ue;jJ. ,jd; Ngwhf> nrd;wiljy; vd;gJ cyq;F
thD}Hjpfs; %yKk; rpwpa glFfs;
%yKNk rhj;jpakhfpapUe;jJ. cs;sf
,lk;ngaHe;Njhiur; nrd;wiltij
cWjpg;gLj;Jtnjd;gJ> kpfr; rpwe;j
fs mDgtq;fisAila epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;l gzpahsHfshy; toq;fg;gl;l
nryT kpf;f tpdpNahfk;-Nritfs;
xOq;fikg;G cjtpAld; njhlHGgl;L
,Ue;jJ.
Mr;Nrapy; Rdhkp gjpypWg;ghdJ>
vjpHghu;j;jpuhj msTf;F
I.eh. epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;
,uhZtj;jpdupilNa fUj;Jj;
njhlHghlYf;F top rikj;jJ.
cyq;F thD}Hjpfs;> jw;fhypf
,wq;F Jiwfs;> JiwKfg;
gad;ghL> jiuapwq;Fk; tpNrl flw;
fyq;fs; Nghd;w ,uhZt cjtpfs;
kpfg;ngWkjpkpf;fjhf ,Ue;Js;sd.
MapDk; ,e;j cjtpfs;> ,uhZtk;>
kdpjNea gzpr; r%fk; Mfpa
,uz;Lf;Fkpilapyhd Kd;Ndw;wk;
nfhz;l xUq;fpizTf;$lhf
Ms mfykhf;fg;gl;bUf;ff;
$Lk;. mt;thNw 15 ehLfisr;
NrHe;j gy;NtW ,uhZt mzpfs;
,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtk; Mfpadtw;wpd;
xUq;fpizTf;$lhfTk; ,ijr;
nra;jpUf;f KbAk;. Rdhkp jhf;fpa
ehLfs; midj;Jf;Fkhd ,uhZt
cjtpfis xUq;fpizg;gjw;nfd
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cs;SH xd;wpize;j ,uhZt
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rptpy; njhlHG mzpapd; Kd; $l;ba
epWTjypdhNyh ,t; xz;wpize;j
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Mjutspf;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;.
midj;J ,uhZt cgfuzq;fisAk;
nghUl;fisAk; xUq;fpizj;j
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gfpHjy; kw;Wk; tiughf;f mDruidapd; kl;by; nraw;gl;l rHtNjr
gzpr; r%fj;Jf;Fkpilapy;> mjpfupj;j
njhlHgpaf;fj;Jf;fhd re;jHg;gq;$l
,Ue;jJ. Kjy; xUrpy thuq;fspy;
kpfg; gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fSf;F
jdpg;gl;l ed;nfhilg; nghUl;fis
tpkhdk; %yk; Vw;wp ,wf;f ,uhZt
cgfuzq;fs; kpfg;ngUkstpy;
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xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;lNghjpYk;> kdpj Nea
gzpj;Jiw xUq;fpizg;Gf; FOf;fshy;
nra;ag;gl;l je;jpNuhghaj; jfty;fs;
kw;Wk; jpl;lkply; vd;gdtw;Wf;Fk;>
cldb gjpYWg;Gf;Fkpilapy; njspthd
njhlh;G ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jJ.
,itjtpu> thd;tsp tpdpNahfk;-Nritfs; xOq;fikg;Gf;fhd khw;W top
fpilf;ff; $bajhfTk;> ,ytrkhdjhfTk; ,Ue;jjdhy; NtW khh;f;fq;fs;
mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gltpy;iy.
rhjhuz rpwpa cs;@h; glFfisg;
gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa xU Kiwia
cUthf;Fjy; vd;gJ> Rdhkpahy;
mopf;fg;gl;l xU gpuj;jpNaf FOtpduhd
cs;Sh; kPdth;fspd; [PtNdhghaj;Jf;F
ngUkstpy; gq;fspj;jpUf;Fk;.
fiuNahuq;fSf;F Ml;fisAk;
nghUl;fisAk; Vw;wp ,wf;Fk;
cs;Sh; glFr;Nrit> Rdhkpf;F
Kd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; eilKiwapy;
,Ue;Jk;$l> rh;tNjr ,uhZtj;jpd;
gpurd;dk; tpyf;fpf;nfhs;sg;gl;L
rh;tNjr r%fk; Vida Nghf;Ftuj;J
khw;W cghaq;fis fz;L gpbj;Jj;
nfhs;Sk; tiu> ,g;Nghf;Ftuj;J
cghak; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.
cs;Sh; Nghf;Ftuj;J cghaj;ij
kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> cs;Sh;
nghUshjhuj;Jf;Fk; ,yFthf
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyapYs;s
kf;fspd; [PtNdhghaj;Jf;Fk;
gq;fspj;jpUe;jpUf;Fk;. mj;Jld;
ghjpg;Gw;w r%q;fSf;F kpfj;
Njitg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;ij
toq;fp> cs;Sh; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj;
Jiwia Nkk;gLj;jpapUf;Fk;.
Aj;jg; gpuNjrq;fspy; kdpjNear;
nraw;ghLfisf; nfhz;baf;f> ,uhZt
flw; fyd;fisAk; tpkhdq;fisAk;
gad;gLj;Jjy; vd;gJ vg;NghJk; xU
,Wjp toptifahf khj;jpuNk ,Uj;jy;
Ntz;Lk;.
cyq;F thD}h;jpfspd;
gad;ghl;bD}lhff;$l cs;sf
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cWjpg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. Aj;j #dpag;
gpuNjrk; vd Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
Fwpg;gpl;l gpuNjrq;fSf;F khj;jpuk;
cyq;F thD}h;jpfs; tiuaiw
nra;ag;gl;bUe;jd. ,g; gpuNjrq;fs;
ghJfhg;gw;wit vdf; fzpf;fg;gl;l
Nkl;L epyq;fSf;F gpd;thq;fpr;
nrd;w cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhhpd;
gad;ghl;Lf;F tpyf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
NkYk; ghJfhg;G fl;Lg;ghLfspd;
epkpj;jk; Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;Jf;F Nkyjpf
khf cyq;F thD}Hjpfs; epWj;jp
itf;fg;gl mDkjpf;fg;gltpy;iy.
,jdhy; nghUl;fspd; rkkhd gfph;it
cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; gpur;rpidf;Fhpajhf
,Ue;jJ. mNdfkhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
,e;NjhNdrpa ,uhZtj;jpdNu>
cyq;F thD}h;jpfspy; ,Ue;J
nghUl;fis ,wf;fTk; epthuzg;
nghUl;fis gfph;e;jspf;fTk;
nghWg;G tha;e;jth;fshf ,Ue;jdh;.
nghUj;jkhd gfph;e;jspf;Fk; Kiw
,d;ikahy;> ,wq;F jsj;jpypUe;J
xU rpy E}W kPw;wh;fSf;fg;ghy;
kPs;FbNawpapUe;j cs;sf ,lk;
ngah;e;Njhh;fs; jkf;Fhpa ePjpahd
gq;if ngWkhg;NghypUf;ftpy;iy.
ghJfhg;Gf; fl;Lg;ghL vd;gJ
xU rpy tiuaiw nra;ag;gl;l
,lq;fisj; jtph;e;j Vida
Nkw;Ff; fiuapy; xU ,uT jd;Dk;
jq;Ftjw;F [.eh. gzpahsh;fs;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gijNa
fhl;LfpwJ. ,t;thwhfNt kdpjNeag;
gjpypWg;Gf;fis fz;fhzpf;Fk;
mth;fsJ nfhs;jFjpwd;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Nkw;Ff; fiu mopTk;
fpilf;ff;$bajhapUe;j ,uhZt
Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpAk;> ahUk;
nrd;wilaf;$ba Fwpg;ghf
tlfpof;Ff; fiuapy; ,Ue;j
,lk;ngah;e;Njhupd; FOf;fspd;ghy;
,Ue;J ftdj;ij> NtWgf;fk; jpir
jpUg;gptpl;ld. ,jdhy;> rkkw;w tpfpjhrhu mbg;gilapy; ngUksT
NeuKk; tsq;fSk; vz;zpf;ifapy;
rpwpjhf ,Ue;j Nkw;F fiuNahu
,lk;ngah;e;Njhiu nrd;wile;jd.
nrd;wiltjw;F Kl;Lf;fl;il
ahapUe;j jfty; jilfs;
Mr;Nrapy; mNdf cs;sf
,lk;ngah;e;Njhh; vq;Fs;sdh;>
vd;d vz;zpf;ifapy; cs;sdu;
vd rhjhuzkhf fz;L gpbj;jy;
fbdkhapUe;jJ. Kfhk;fs; kpA+yNgh>
gz;lh Mr;Nr efuq;fspd; FWf;Nf
J}tg;gl;lJ Nghd;W fhzg;gl;lJld;
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fiuNahunkq;fpYk; ,q;Fkq;Fkhff;
20
Rdhkp
f;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu miljy;
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah
kUj;Jt
rpfpr;irf;fhf
gz;Nl
Mr;Nrf;F
fhag;gl;l
ngz; xUtu;
vLj;Jr;
nry;yg;gly;
Muk;g fhyg;gFjpapy; xU rpwpa gue;j
tprhykhd kdpj Neaj; Njitf;
fzpg;gPLjhDk; nra;ag;gl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
,lmikT> vz;zpf;if> nghJthd
#o;epiy> Vida mbg;gilj; Jiwrhh;
jfty;fs; cs;slq;fyhf xU rhjhuz
mbg;gilj; jfty; gbtk; xd;W>
mKyhf;fy; gq;Fjhu epWtdq;fs;
ntspapy; nry;Yk;NghJ Nrh;j;njLf;Fk;
tz;zk; Maj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;L xU
Muk;g Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
,Ug;gpDk; ke;jkhd juTr; Nrfhpg;G gy
Mgj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,j;juT
Nrfhpg;gpDhlhf> cz;ik epiy gw;wpa
xl;L nkhj;j glj;ij> 3k; my;yJ
4k; Kd;Dhpikf;Fhpanjd epidf;Fk;
gq;Fjhu epWtdq;fs; nfhLf;ftpy;iy.
mNjNtis> ,th;fsJ cs;sPl;bNyNa
juT Nrfhpg;G jq;fp ,Ue;jJ.
nrd;wilaf;$ba ,lq;fspy; kpfj;
jukhd juTfs; fpilf;ff;$bajhf
,Ue;jd. MapDk; ngUk; gz;lh
Mr;Nrf;F ntspapy; Ntnwq;fhfpYk;
fpilf;ff; $bajhapUf;ftpy;iy.
Nkw;Ff; fiuNahur; #o;epiy
gw;wpa jfty;fisr; Nrfhpf;fr;
nra;ag;gl;l nghpa mstpyhd
fzpg;gPL cs;slq;fyhf> gy Jiwrhh; fzpg;gPLfs;> A+.v];.v];.
ypq;fd; vDk; mnkhpf;f flw;gilf;
fg;gypy; ,Ue;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
MapDk; gy;Jiw fzpg;gPLfshf
mit ,y;yhky; ,Ue;jd.
NkYk;> murpay; hPjpapy; czh;jF
epiynfhz;ljhd Nkw;Ff; fiu
gw;wpa jfty;fs; kl;by; xu; czh;jF
epiy$lf; fhzg;gl;lJ. mj;Jld;>
,uhZtj;jhy; toq;fg;gl;l cyq;F
thD}h;jpg; gzpapD}lhf> ngUkstpy;
nrd;wila Kbahj Nkw;Ff; fiukPJ epthuzg; nghUl;fis Nghl;l
tz;zk;> mjpy; <Lgl;l Vuhskhd
kdpj Neag; gzpr; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;>
Nrfhpf;Fk; jfty;fisg; ngWtJ
gw;wpAk; czh;jF epiy gykhff;
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
jfty;fs; mjpfk; ,y;yhjpUg;gJ
gpur;ridahapUf;ftpy;iy Mdhy;>
khfhzk; KOtijAk; cs;thq;fpa
kdpjNeag; gzprhu; R+o;epiy gw;wpa
gy;Jiwj; jfty;fspd; jpul;Nl
,y;yhjJNghd;wpUe;jJ. Vuhskhd
gy;tifg;gl;l jfty;fspd; fzpg;gPL rpW
rpW Jspahf XrPvr;V apd; kdpjNea
jfty; ikaj;Jf;F frpe;jJ. ,e;jj;
jfty;fis gad;gLj;jf;$ba tbtj;jpy;
,k;ikak; jd;dhy; ,ad;wstpw;F
jpul;b ntspapl Kad;wJ. ,Ue;Jk;>1
Ibgpapdupd; ,lq;fs;> mtu;fsJ
epiyik> Njitfs; Nghd;wd gw;wpa
xU KOg;glj;ij epWtdq;fs; ngwj;
njhlq;fpd vd;w epiy> mopT epfo;e;J
gy thuq;fs; tiuf;Fk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy;.
,Ue;jNghjpYk; KOikahd
jfty;fs; ,y;yhj epiyapYk;$l
rpd;dk;ik nfhyuh Nghd;w mtrufhy capu;nfhy;ypfspd; jtpu;f;ff;$ba
kuzj;ij jLf;fTk; cldbahfg; gjpypWf;fTk; Aepnrg; kw;Wk;
Vida epWtdq;fs; vitnay;yhk;
fpilf;FNkh mtw;iwnay;yhk;
gad;gLj;j Kide;jd.
nrd;wila Kl;Lf;fl;ilahf
cs;s r%fj; jilfs;
mNdf cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;>
Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; FLk;gq;fsplj;jpy;
Gfyplk; ngWtjhYk; mth;fsJ
UNICEF/HQ050143/Jim Holmes
fhLfspYk; fhzg;gl;ld. nkhj;jj;jpy;
jw;fhypfkhf mikf;fg;gl;l
FbapUg;Gf;fspYk; Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j
rd r%ff; fl;llq;fspYk; xU rpy
FLk;gq;fspy; njhlq;fp gyE}W
FLk;gq;fs; vd;w mbg;gilapy; 500 f;F
kjpfkhd Kfhk;fs; ,Ue;jd.
Gyg;glhj;jd;ikahYk; mth;fisr;
nrd;wiljy; xU rthyhf
cs;sJ. ,e;jifa FOtp dh;
Neub mtru fhy epiy cjtp
apd; ngUk; Njitg;ghLfisf;
nfhz;bUe;jNghJk;$l> mth;fSf;F>
mth;fsJ gps;isfs; ghlrhiyf;F
kPz;Lk; nry;tJ> csr;r%f MjuT>
gphpe;JNghd gps;isfs; cwtpdh;fis
fz;Lgpbj;J ,izAk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;
Nghd;wdtw;Wf;F MjuT Njit
ahf cs;sJ. mj;Jld; cs;sf
,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;> jw;NghJ nghWg;Ngw;w
FLk;gq;fSf;F Nkyjpf RikahfTk;
khwpAs;sdh;.
,k; kf;fis rh;tNjr r%fk;
miltjpy; gy Kd;Ndw;wq;fisf;
fz;Ls;sNghjpYk;> ,e;NjhNdrpa
muR> cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhiu
Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;s FLk;gq;fSf;F
gz cjtp mspg;gjpD}lhf xU
jPHit toq;fp Kd;dzpg; ghj;jpuj;ij
vLj;Js;sJ. gz cjtpf;F> xt;nthU
cs;sf ,lk; ngah;e;NjhUk; cs;Sh;
kdpj Neag; gzpr; r%fr; rhtb
apy; gjpAk; Njit cs;sJld;> gz
cjtpahdJ xt;nthU egUf;Fk; vd;w
mbg;gilapy; xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;ls;sJ.
,e; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk; xt;nthU
,lk;ngah;e;NjhiuAk; gjpAk;gb
nra;Js;sJld; Vida epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fisg; ngwTk; ,yFgLj;jp
cs;sJ. ,J gpur;ridapd; msTf;Nfw;g
jfty;fisg; ngwr; rhj;jpag;gl
itj;Js;sJld; Mapuf;fzf;fhd
jdp egh;fspdJk; FLk;gq;fspdJk;
gpur;ridfSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;Fk;
r%f MjuitAk; Cf;fg;gLj;jp
cs;sJ. ,Wjpahf> ,e; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
Neub cjtpf;fhd gpuNahrdkhd
fl;likg;G> cs;Sh; nghUshjhuj;Jf;F
[Pthjhukhd gzj;ij cl;nrYj;Jjy;
Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; je;Js;sJ.
A+dpnrg;ig nghWj;jkl;by;> iftplg;gl;l
mdhijahf;fg;gl;l rpWth;fisr;
nrd;wiltNj gpujhd gpur;rpidahFk;.
Mr;Nrapy; A+dpnrg; ,d; ghhpa gzp
fspy; xd;W> iftplg;gl;l mdh
ijr; rpWth;fisg; gjptJlDk;
mth;fsJ FLk;gq;fisj; Njbf;
fz;Lgpbg;gJlDk;> rhj;jpag;gl;lhy;
mth;fis cwtpdh;fSld; kPsr;
Nrh;g;gJlDk; njhlh;Ggl;lJ.
Vuhskhd mdhijr; rpWth;fs;
jj;njLf;fg;gl;Ls;sjdhy;>
nrd;wiltjw;F/fz;Lgpbg;gjw;F
f];lkhd FOthf ,J jpfo;fpwJ.
Vida mtrufhy epiyfSf;F
NtWgl;ltifapy; mdhijr;
rpWth;fs; mq;F njd;gLtjpy;iy.
Vida ,lq;fisNah my;yJ
gpuNjrq;fisNah Nghyy;yhJ Rdhkp
apy; Vuhskhd rpWth;fs; ,we;jjdhy;
gps;isfis ,oe;j FLk;gq;fs;
vQ;rpAs;s Vida rf gps;isfis
jk;Kilath;fshf;fpf; nfhs;sj; Jbaha;
Jbf;fpd;wdh;. ,jdhy; cwtpdh;fs;>
mdhijahf;fg;gl;l cwTr; rpwhh;fis
,dk; fhl;lg; gag;gLfpd;wdh;. mt;thW
nra;Ak; gl;rj;jpy; mr;rpWth;fs;
vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;L tpLthh;fs; vd;W
gag;gLfpd;wdh;. rpf;fy; tha;e;j MjuTf;
fl;likg;ghf A+dpnrg; jj;njLg;gij
Mjutspf;Fk; mNjNtis iftplg;gl;l
vy;yhr; rpWth;fSk; gjpag;gLjy;
vd;gJ kpf mtrpakhdJ vd;gijAk;
typAWj;JfpwJ. mt;thW nra;Ak;NghJ
cwtpdh;fSld; kPs ,izjy;> jk;ik
jj;njLj;Js;s FLk;gq;fspd; nghU
shjhur; Rikfis Fiwf;fty;y
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis miljy; Mfpa
,uz;Lf;Fkhd re;jh;g;gq;fis
mjpfhpg;gjw;F mg;gjpT nra;jy;
mtrpakhf ,Uf;Fk;.
cs;Sh; epWtdq;fSld;
tiyg;gpd;dy; fl;likg;ig epW
Ttjd; Clhf A+dpnrg; ghpe;Jiu
thjpliy Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJld;
cs;Sh; r%fq;fSld; ,izTj;
njhlh;igAk; Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.
r%fj;ijr; nrd;wilAk; epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fshd rpWth; - rpNdf ,lq;fs;
mikj;jy;> gjpT epiyaq;fs;
mikj;jy; Mfpatw;Wf;F cs;Sh;
epWtdq;fSf;F A+dpnrg; cjtpAs;sJ.
cs;Sh; epWtdq;fs;> r%fq;fshy;
ek;gg;gLtJld; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sTk;
gLfpd;wd. cs;Sh; mDgtj;ijAk;
Kfhk;fSf;Fs; r%ff; fl;likg;Gf;fs;
nrd;wiltijAk; xd;wpizg;gjw;F
mtu;fs; jahuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
MapDk;> ,e;j
ntw;wpapd;
Ngwhf Kfhk;fSf;Fs; caph;g;Gld;
cs;s fl;likg;Gf;fis Neubahf
,dq;fz;L mtw;Wld; Ntiy
nra;tjd; ClhfTk;> cs;Sh; gs;sp
thry;fs; cs;slq;fyhf rka tiyg;
gpd;dy;fSldhd gq;Fjhuh; ghzp
iaf; fl;b vOg;GtjDhlhfTk;> Muk;g
fhyj;jpy; Vuhskhd rpWth;fis
nrd;wilaf;$ba rhj;jpag;ghLfs;
mjpfkhapUe;jpUf;Fk;.
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah
fw;w ghlq;fs;
UNICEF/HQ050320/Josh Estey
vjph;fhyj;jpy; epfoj;jf;f mtru
fhy epiyfspy; nrd;wilaj;
jilahapUg;gitfis nty;Yk; topKiwfs; Mr;Nr mDgtk; jUfpwJ.
1. tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f gjpYWg;Gf;F>
,uhZtg; nghUl;fspd; gad;ghL
mtrpakhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mNj
Ntis> cs;Sh; Nghf;Ftuj;J
Kiwfis gyg;gLj;jTk;>
gad;gLj;jTk; Kaw;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
ghJfhg;Gf; nfLgpbfisf; fle;J
[PtNdhghaq;fisf; fl;b vOg;g
cs;Sh; mDgtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
Nritfs; tpdpNahf xOq;fikg;ig
,J Nkk;gLj;Jk;.
2. vq;nfy;yhk; rhj;jpaNkh>
mq;nfy;yhk; Vw;fdNt cs;s
r%f fl;Lkhdq;fisNah my;yJ
nrQ;rpYit/ nrk;gpiw rq;fj;ij
gad;gLj;jp vt;tsTf;F tpiuthf
cs;Sh; gfph;e;jspg;G Kiwia
cUthf;f KbANkh mt;tsT
tpiuthfr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
NtW jpirjpUg;gq;fSf;fhd
tha;g;Gf;fisf; Fiwf;Fk; mNj
Ntis> Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l kdpj
Neaf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;fikthf
epthuzg; nghUl;fspd; ePjpahd
gfph;Tk; tpdpNahfKk; ,lk; ngWtij cWjp nra;aTk; cjTk;.
3. cgha hPjpahd jfty;fspd;
mbg;gilapYk; kdpj Neaj; Njit
apd; kl;bYk; vy;yh cs;sf
,lk;ngah;e;NjhUf;Fk; rk fzpg;Gk;
rk cjtpAk; nfhLf;fg;gly;
Ntz;Lk;. rpije;j cs;sff;
fl;Lkhdq;fis kPsf;fl;Ljypy;
,aw;if tpirfSf;F Fiw
thd mgha epiyiaf; fhl;Lk;
gpuNjrq;fspy; mtrpakhd
fl;likg;ig epWTjw;F Kaw;rpfs;
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1. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra
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Ma;T ikaj;jpd; xU Ma;thsUk;$l.
www.acehinstitute.org kpd;dQ;ry;:
[email protected]
1. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra/assessments/doc/
GoI_UN-joint_assessment_report_on_relocation_sites.doc
2. http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/02/07/indone10134.htm
3. www.iom.int/tsunami/documents/indonesia_needs_assessment.pdf
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Emily Will/MCC/ACT International
24
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(kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected])
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commission.org
1. www.womenscommission.org/projects/rh/misp%20index.
shtml
2. www.sphereproject.org (Fiwe;jgl;r Muk;g Nritfspd; nghjp jw;NghJ sphere epfo;rpj;jpl;l> kdpjNea
gpufldk; kw;Wk; NguopT gjpypWg;gpd; Fiwe;jgl;r
msTg;gpukhzq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw cs;thq;fp
cs;sJ.
3. www.womenscommission.org/pdf/id_misp_eng.pdf
26
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27
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Fritz Institute
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gbtq;fis njhlHghlYf;$lhf
tpdpNahfpj;jy;.
 NgudHj;jg; gjpypWg;gpy;
Mff;Fiwe;jsT ];gpaH
gpukhzq;fis cWjp nra;jy;.5
 Njrpa> khfhz> cs;SH> JiwrhH
gpupTfspd; kl;by; xUq;fpizg;G
fl;Lkhdq;fSf;fpilapy; njspthd
njhlHGfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;.
 njhopy; kw;Wk; ts xJf;fPL
kl;by; $l;lhfj; jpl;lkplypy;
cs;s Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; jpwikfis
kjpj;jy;.
 Njrpa muRfs; ,uhZtk;
vd;gdtw;wpd; rpf;fy;kpF
ghj;jpuq;fis ,dq;fhz;gJk;
mtHfsJ flikfs; nghWg;Gf;fis
njspthf;fYk;.
 xj;jpire;J nraw;gly;>
gpujpepjpj;Jtk;> gupe;Jiuthjply;
Nghd;wdtw;Wf;fhf ,irthd
xOq;fikg;Gf;fSldhd Kd;dNk
cUthf;fg;gl;l rHtNjr vd; [P X
xUq;fpizTf; fl;Lkhdq;fs;.
 cs;SH> Njrpa rptpy; r%f
mikg;Gf;fis vl;Ljy;.
 caH mghag; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy;
nfhs;jFjpwd; tiughf;fk;.
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gy;NtW
tpkHrdq;fSf;Fk; mg;ghy;> xl;Lnkhj;j
Rdhkp gjpypWg;G> tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhf
cs;sJld; epWtd uPjpahd fw;wiy
,J J}z;bAk; cs;sJ vd;gJk; xU
Cf;fkhd tpilakhFk;. Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd rpwe;j Kd;Ndhf;fpa
jpl;lkplYlDk; ghupa kdtpUg;GlDk;>
gjpypWg;Gr; rhHe;j fw;wy;fisf;
fw;gjw;fhd rHtNjr r%fk;> rpwe;j
Maj;j epiyiaAk; jahH epiyiaAk; tskhf;fy; epiyiaAk;
mLj;j NgudHj;jk; ,lk;ngWk;NghJ
tpidj;jpwDld; xUq;fpizf;Fk;
jd;ikiaf; nfhz;bUg;gijf;
fz;Lnfhs;syhk;.
fhH];upd; t+y;];> nfahH mtru
fhy FOtpd; (CEG) mtrufhy
eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; jahH epiyf;fhd
xUq;fpizg;ghsuhthH. ,e;jf;
fl;Liu Ra nfhs;jFjpwdpd; kl;by;
tiuag;gl;Ls;sJld; nfahupdNjh
my;yJ mjd; gq;fhsp epWtdq;fspdJ
fUj;Jf;fis mit gpujpgypg;gjhf
mikatpy;iy. kpd;dQ;ry;: voelz@
careinternational.org
1. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra
2. www.icva.ch
3. www.humanitarianinfo.org/srilanka/infocentre/reference/docs/care-evaluation.pdf ,e;j rHtNjr vd; [P
Xf;fs;> Nrt; j rpy;ud;> rHtNjr kPl;Gr; rig> NkH]p
NfhHg;]; Mfpatw;Wld; mtru fhy nfhs;jFjpwd;
cUthf;fy; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; ,ize;J
nraw;gLfpd;wd. ,e;epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,yf;fhdJ
“jukhd gzp ahsHfis kPsg;gapw;rpaspj;jYk;
mgptpUj;jp nra;jYk; tpidj;jpwd; %yq;fis
Kd;Ndw;wYk;> tpisTg; gad; fzpg;gPl;il
Nkk;gLj;Jjy; vd;gdtw;Wld; mghaf; Fiwg;G>
mtrufhy jahHepiy Nghd;wdtw;Wf;fhd
nfhs;jFjpwid mjpfupj;jy;> Irpup nfhs;jFjpwid
mjpfupj;jy;.” Nghd;wdtw;iwAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
4. www.humanitarianinfo.org/sumatra/products/contacts/
index.asp
5. www.sphereproject.org
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapy;
epthuzg;
nghUl;fSld;
,e;NjhNdrpa
,uhZTk;
28
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah
Mr;Nrapy; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ghJfhg;GrhH
ftiyfs;
kupad; nfsy;l;wp> upk; nkhwp];
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHTrhH topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfs;> ,aw;ifg;
NgudHj;jq;fshy; gyhj;fhukhfg; Gfyplk; Njb Xlr;nra;ag;gLgtHfs;
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH vdf;fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdj; njspthff; $WfpwJ. MapDk;> Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd Mr;Nrapy; cs;s
rpy epWtdq;fs; ,r;nrhw;gpuNahfj;ij gad;gLj;jTk; ghJfhg;Gg;
gpur;ridfs; kl;by; nray;glTk; jaq;fp tUfpd;wd.
m
z;ika Mz;Lfspy;> ghrh
,e;NjhNdrpah nkhopapy;
nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;l Nfhl;ghLfs;>
mur mjpfhupfspilNaAk;> Aj;jg;
ghjpf;Fl;gl;l r%fq;fspilNaAk;
gue;j mstpy; tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl;ld.
NehHNt[pad; mfjpfs; fTd;rpypd;
rh;tNjr cs;sf ,lk;ngah;e;Njhh;
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> cs;sf
,lg;ngaHTf;fhd G&f;fpd;]; Ngu;d; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;> kdpjNea
mYty;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; Ieh
tpd; mYtyfk; vd;gd topfhl;ly;
Nfhl;ghLfis>1 ,e;NjhNdrpahtpd;
jPTf; fl;llk; KOtJkhd ,lq;fspy;
gug;Giu nra;tjw;F> ,e;NjhNdrpa mur
epWtdq;fSlDk; rptpy; r%fj;JlDk;
,ize;J nraw;gl;Ls;sd.
gz;lh Mr;Nrapy; Rdhkpf;
fhyg;gFjpapy; X.rp.vr;.V. My;
xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l xUq;fpizg;Gf;
$l;lq;fspy;> r%fe;jUk; gpujpepjpfs;>
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH vd;w
nrhw;gpuNahfj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fg;
gjpyhf “tPlw;wtHfs;” my;yJ “Rdhkpapd; fhuzkhfj; jkJ tPLfis
,oe;jtHfs;” vd;W mbf;fb tpopj;jdH.
topfhl;ly; Nfhl;ghLfisg;gw;wp
nraykHTfis> gz;lh Mr;Nrapy;
xd;Wk;> Rkhj;jpuhtpd; Nkw;F fiuapy;
kpa+yhNghtpy; xd;Wkhf ,uz;bidj;
jpl;lkpl vd;.MH.rpAk; FNshgy;
Ibgp Ntiyj;jpl;lKk; Muk;gpj;jd.
fhyj;Jf;Fk; cupa Njitf;Fkhdnjd>
,e;jf; fUj;ij mNef Njrpa>
rHtNjr r%fq;fs; tuNtw;wd.
gq;Fdpapy; Mr;Nrapy; cj;jpNahfg+Ht
mtrufhy epiyikg; gpuflzk;
KbTf;F te;jjdhy;> khfhzj;jpd;
kPs;fl;Lkhdj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdtHfs;
,jpy; gq;F nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd vd;.
MH.rp. tpUk;gpaJ. gq;Fgw;WdHfis
,dq;fhzy;> mioj;jy;> ,iz
Kd;itg;ghsHfis fz;Lgpbj;jy;>
Jujp];ltrkhf> mur mikg;Gf;fSld;
,ize;J nraw;ghLfis xOq;F
nra;tjpypUe;J ntspehl;L kdpjNea
cjtp toq;FdHfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
Gjpa xOq;F tpjp fhuzkhf
nraykHit elhj;Jtjw;F jhk;
mDkjpaspf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gij vd;.
MH.rp. mwpe;Jnfhz;lJ. jw;Nghija
rl;lk; xOq;F tpjpfSf;fikthf>
nghUj;jkhd mur mikg;Gf;fSld;
,ize;J nraykHTfis gpd;dH
nfhz;L elhj;Jtjw;F tha;g;G cs;sJ.
,J Kf;fpakhd gpur;ridfisf;
fye;JiuahLtjw;fhd xU fskhf
,Uf;Fnkd ek;gyhk;. Mr;Nrapy;
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd; ghJfhg;G>
cjtp Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd ePbj;j jPHTfisf; fz;Lgpbf;f rHtNjr r%fkhdJ
cs;SH mjpfhupfSld; nraw;gLjy;
vd;gJ Kf;fpakhdJ.
vg;.vk;.MH MrpupaHfs;> gz;Nl
Mr;Nrapd; Kd;dhs; vd;.MH.rp.
ghJfhg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;l Kfhikahsuhd m];upl; Nrhgp MHd; mtHfspd;
cs;sPl;Lf;F ed;wpf; fld;gl;Ls;sdH.
kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
1. www.db.idpproject.org/Sites/IdpProjectDb/idpSurvey.nsf/
wViewCountries/4B444626C28A1BBBC1256D10003463C9
NehHNt[pad; nug;a+[p fTd;rpyhdJ
(vd;.MH.rp)> ,e;NjhNdrpahtpy;
mgptpUj;jpia Nehf;fpa cjtpf;Fk;
kPl;rpf;Fkhd ,izak; (fhHb)> nldp];
mfjpfs; fTd;rpy;> rHtNjr kPl;Gr; rig
kw;Wk; ];upr;upq; tYr;upypq; vd;gdtw;wpd;
XH mq;fNk. cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd;
me;j];ij kWjypj;jypd;
gpd;tpisTfs; gw;wpAk;> Rdhkpahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhupdJk; Aj;jj;jhy;
,lk; ngaHe;j Mr;NrapdupdJk;
UNHCR/J Austin
,e;NjhNdrpah>
gz;lh
Mr;Nrapy;>
cs;sf
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murpay; kag;gl;l #o;epiyapNyNa
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cldbahf ,dk; fz;L nfhz;lJ.
,e;NjhNdrpa muRf;Fk; [PVvk; gpuptp
idthj mikg;Gf;Fkpilapyhd
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khfhzk; rHtNjr r%fj;Jf;F
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njhlHGgl;l kdpjNeaj; NjitfSf;Fg;
gjpypWg;gjw;fhd mq;fPfhuj;jpD}lhf
khj;jpuNk> rHtNjr epWtdq;fspd;
tUif rhj;jpag;ghlhfpaJ. cs;sf
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yhW vd;gJ> kdpjNea eltbf;ifAld;
vt;tpj njhlHigAk; nfhz;bUg;gjhf
mNef rHtNjr r%fKk; cs;SH
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vd;gijj;jtpu Ntnwhd;Wkpy;iy.
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mghaj;ijg; gw;wpAk;> gue;j ftiyfis vd;.MH.rp. – fhh;b
Mfpa ,uz;L mikg;Gf;fSNk
gfpHe;J nfhs;fpd;wd. cs;sf
,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd; rl;lg+Ht cup
ikfs;> mtw;iw mKyhf;Ftjw;fhd
gy;NtW jug;gpdupd; flg;ghLfs;> NkYk;
mit cs;slq;fyhf Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd;
ghJfhg;G vd;gdkl;by; ,d;Dkjpfkhd
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cs;snjd;W> vd;.MH.rp. $WfpwJ.
,lg;ngaHT NtisapYk;> kPs;jpUk;Gjy;>
kPs;xd;wpizg;G> Ntwplf; FbakHj;jy;
my;yJ kPs;FbNaw;wk; vd;gtw;wpd;
kPJk;> cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhupd;
ghJfhg;Gld; njhlHGgl;l gpur;rpidfis
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cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhUld; NrHj;J
kdpjNear; nraw;ghl;lhsHfSf;Fk;
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$Wfis Maj;jk; nra;jy; Nghd;w
mjpf Neuj;ij gpbf;fty;y gzpfs;
Muk;gkhfpd. Njrpa> khfhz mjpfhup fs;> Ieh> epjp toq;FdHfs;>
rHtNjr epWtdq;fs;> cs;SH
epWtdq;fs;> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;>
cs;sf ,lk;ngaHe;Njhpd; jiy
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nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,e;NjhNdrpa r%fey
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,zq;fpdH. X.rP.vr;.V ghy; epiy> taJ>
,l mikT Nghd;w NtWghlw;w juT
Nrfupg;gpy; cjtpl ,zq;fpaJ.
29
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;NjhNdrpah
tYtw;w ghjpg;Gw;NwhH my;yJ gyKs;s c
apHgpioj;NjhH
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j
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Nea epWtdq;fs; rkepiynahd;iw
fhzNtz;Lk;.
Rdhkp Vw;gl;L xU fpoikapd; gpd;>
gz;lh Mr;Nr kfhzj;jpy; cs;s
n[Rtpl; mfjp Nritf;F (N[.MH.v];.)
xU INuhg;gpa cjtpg; gzpahsH
tUif je;jhH. ,lk;ngaHe;j r%fq;fs;
rhHe;j jdJ KjyhtJ fzpg;gPl;by;
mtu; ,Ue;jhu;.jdJ tUifapd;
epiwtpy;; jhd; njhFj;j JzpGfis vk;Kld; gfputpUk;gpdH. jkJ
clikfis cwTfis FLk;gq;fis
,oe;NjhUldhd re;jpg;G mthpy;
Mokhd kdg;gjpTfis Vw;gLj;jp
,Ue;jJ. mtHfs; jkJ Kfhk;
rikayiwf;F> rikay; mLg;G xd;iw
vt;thW thq;fpapUe;jdu; vd;gij
jd;dplk;; $wpatpjj;ij tHzpf;Fk;
NghJ> mtHfs; mij thq;ff;
$batHfshf ,Ue;jdH vd;gij mtH
Kjypy; ek;g kWj;jij ntspg;gLj;jpdH.
mNjNtis mtHfis njhlHe;Jk;
Viofs; vd;Nw tpopj;jhH.
Petteri Kokkonen/FinnChurchAid/ACT International
,e;jj; jw;fhypf FbapUg;Gf;fspy;
,Uf;Fk; ,lk; ngaHe;j kf;fs;>
Viofs; Nghd;Nw njd;gLtH. Mdhy;
xU kdpjNeag; gzpahsUf;Nfh
mtHfs; jkf;Fj; jhNk cj
tpf; nfhs;s vt;tpj top;fisAk;
nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy vd vz;ZtJ
mtHfsJ nfsutj;Jf;F ,Of;if
nfhLg;gjhfNt njd;gLk;. kf;fs;
mfjpfshf milf;fyk; GFj;jpUe;j
xU ghlrhiy fl;llj;Jf;F ehd;
xUehs; nrd;w xU rpy ehl;fspd;
gpd;dNu vdf;F ,J ciwj;jJ.
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Ftpe;jpUe;jJ. xUtH rpy cilfis
vLj;J vdf;F mtw;iwf; fhz;gpj;jhH.
,tw;iw mzptjw;F vkf;F mtkhdkhf cs;sJ vd;whH. ehNdh
frf;fpg;gpope;J Njha;j;j me;j fpope;j
Milfis $He;J cw;W Nehf;fpNdd;.
,d;W ehk; ,e;j epiyapy; ,Ue;jhYk;
vkf;nfd;W gy ngUikfisf;
nfhz;Nl cs;Nshk; vd njhlHe;jhH.
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ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky;> juj;ijg;
gw;wp rpe;jpahky; vz;zpf;ifia
khj;jpuk; ftdj;jpy; itj;Jf;
nfhz;L ,j;jifa ghtidf;F
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kdpjHfsJ gpioay;y. ehLfs;
kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspdjhFk;. muRk;
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nghUe;jhky;$l ,Uf;fyhk;. cjhuzkhf Mr;Nr khfhzj;Jf;F ntspapy;
cs;s mNdf kf;fs;> jkJ mbg;gil
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kl;lj;jpy; nghUj;jkw;wJ. mj;Jld;.
Mr;Nria tpl;L ntspNa rpWtHfis vLg;gijf; fhl;bYk; jkJ
cs;shh;e;j r%fj;Jf;Fs; itj;Nj
mtHfs; toHj;njLf;fg;gLtij Mr;Nr
kf;fs; NfhUtjhy; ,J fyfj;Jf;F
toptFj;jJ.
Mr;Nr thrpfs;> jkJ gyk; kw;Wk;
ngUik rhH gz;gpay;GfSf;Fg; ngaH
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cjtp ehb epw;gij mtkhdkhff;
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fuq;fSld; ,tHfshy; vg;NghJk;
kdpj Nea epWtdq;fs; tuNtw;fg;glg;
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GAM vDk; jdpehL Nfhhp NghuhLk;
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,lk;ngw;WtUk; cs;ehl;L Aj;jk; nghJ
thfNt ntspahiu cs;SH kf;fs;
ek;ghj xU #o;epiyia Vw;gLj;jp
cs;sJld; jd;dpiwitg; ngw;W
jk;kpNyNa jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; epiyiaAk; Nghjpj;Js;sJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
Mr;Nrapy; Njitfs; kpfTk; gue;jJ
vd;gJld; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij fhz;gJ
mupJ. kPs;fl;Lkhdk; vd;w fsT edthFk; vd fhj;jpUe;j Mr;Nr thrpfs;
nghWik ,oe;J tUfpd;wdu;.
mNjNtis mNdfH murpd; kw;Wk;
kdpjNea mikg;Gf;fspd; cjtpapd;wp
rpijTfis Jg;guT nra;J nfhz;L
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mNdf ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH jkJ
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mikg;gjpy; cWjpaha; cs;sdH.
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jPtpd; yk;gaht; fpuhkj;jpYk;> jkJ
r%fj;jpdH jpUk;Gtjw;F Mz;fs;
Row;rp mbg;gilapy; jPtpid Maj;jk;
nra;fpd;wdH.
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topghl;Lf;Fk; r%f $l;lq;fSf;Fk;
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vOg;Gtjw;fhd Ntiyfs; njhlq;fp
,Ue;jJ. ,e;j kj;jpa fl;llj;jpy;
,Ue;J xU fpuhkk; kPsTk; fl;b
vOg;gg;glKbAk;. “ehk; murpd;
cjtpf;fhf fhj;jpUf;fkhl;Nlhk;. ehkh
fNt jpUk;g Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy
te;jhy; ehkhfNt jpUk;GNthk;”
kdpjNea epWtdq;fs; cs;SH
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Ntz;Lk; vd mtu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;.
,q;tpy;l; Nrhy;thq;> ,e;NjhNdrpa
N[Rtpl; mfjpfs; Nritapd; ghpe;Jiu
thjplYf;fhd KfhikahsH Mthu;.
kpd;mQ;ry; : [email protected]
,izaj;jsk; : JRS ,e;NjhNdrpah : www.jrs.or.id
Rkhj;uh
Nkw;Ff;
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kpA+yNgh kPd;
re;ijapy;
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gpd;du;
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toikf;Fj;
jpUk;GfpaJ.
30
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
,d Kuz;ghL> ,yq;if muR
kw;Wk; Rdhkp
[aNjt caq;nfhl
rHtNjr cjtpfis ngwTk; gad;gLj;jTkhd xUq;fpizg;G
jpl;lk; xd;iw fz;Lgpbg;gjpy; muRk; jkpoPo tpLj
iyg; GypfSk; fLikahf Nghuhbf; nfhs;Sk; Ntis>
,yq;ifapy; Rdhkpf;Fg;gpd;dhd tpilaq;fshtd> ehl;bd;
murpay;kl;l rpf;fy;fisAk; gpur;ridfisAk; jPtpug;gLj;jp
cs;sd. epjHrdkhd ,ul;il muRf; fl;likg;ig nfhz;l
xU ehl;Lf;Fs;> xU Kuz;ghL – rkhjhdk; - czHjFjpwd;
nfhz;l kPl;rpj;jpl;lk; xd;iw cUthf;FtJ rhj;jpakh?
k
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ehl;il cUthf;f KaYk; vy;.hP.hP.
apd; ePz;lfhy Nghuhl;lk; XusT top
tpl;Ls;;sJ. Rdhkp mopTj;jhf;fj;jpd;
mg;gOf;fw;w gUkd; my;yJ msthdJ mur gilfisAk; vy;.hP.hP.aP
NghuhspfisAk; Aj;jj;Jf;F js;Sk;
jPg;nghwpia Vw;gLj;j ty;y Kd;duq;f
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gpujhd nrYj;JdH jhNk vd muR
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gpujpepjp jhNk vd Gypfs; $Wfpd;wdH.
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vd;w Gypfspd; Nfhhpf;ifia
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gpuNjrq;fspy; Rdhkp kpf Nkhrkhd
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gy Kaw;rpfs; nra;ag;gl;ld. epWtd
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dJk; ,ayhikapd; fhuzkhf> ,k;
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Nkiyehl;L muRfsplkpUe;Jk; Neub
ahf rHtNjr epjpiag; ngw xU
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muR fUjpaJ.
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gphpTfs; ghhpa Nrjj;Jf;Fl;gl;L tpl;ld
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je;jpNuhghahPjpahd rkepiyia> Rdhkp
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thuq;fspy; fhzg;gl;lJ. mj;jifa
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tbtikf;f cjtpaJ. ,yq;if gilapdUk; GypfSk; tlfpof;F gpuNjrq;fspy;
kPl;G kw;Wk; epthuz gzpfspy;
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rthyhfNt ,Ue;JtUfpwJ.
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fhl;bAs;sJ. mj;Jld; ghjpg;Gw;w
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fl;likg;gpd; nfhs;jF jpwdw;w
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tpisthf khfhzrigf;F chpa mjpfhu gutyhf;fj;ij nfhLj;J tUfp
wJ. mNjNtis khfhz rigfspd;
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cs;sJ.
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khfhz K];ypk; r%fj;jpdH ghhpa
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kpfTk; FiwthdjhfNt cs;sJ.
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,uz;LNk fhuzkhAs;sd. K];ypk;fs;
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jiytHfis cs;thq;fj; jtwpaikAk; NrHe;J jhk; xJf;fg;gl;ljhf
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KbntLj;jiyAk; Nky; kl;lj;jpypUe;J
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kdpj Nea jiy
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ahdJ> kdpj Nea cjtpfspd; kl;by;
ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fs; ,aq;F epiyaw;W
nksdkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;gtHfshf
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fye;jhNyhrpf;fhJ> Fwpg;gpl;l fiuNahu
vy;iyf;Fs; tPLfis kPsf;fl;Ltjw;Fj;
jiltpjpj;jJ
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rpwe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;. muR 100
kPw;wH fiuNahu jil vy;iyia
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
,d Kuz;ghL> ,yq;if muR kw;Wk; Rdhkp
31
Paul Jeffrey/ACT International
js;sg;gl;ljhf czUk; fpl;lj;jl;l
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gue;j mstpyhd vjpHg;G ,Uf;Fk;.
ghjpg;Gw;Ws;s r%fq;fs;> Vw;fdNt
epthuzg; nghUl;fs; tpilaj;jpy;
mjpfhhpfSf;Fk;> rl;lG+HT mjpfhu
gPlj;jpd; tpidj;jpwdpd;ikf;Fk; vjpuhf
NghHf;nfhb cah;j;jj; njhlq;fptpl;ldH.
Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdk;
vd;gJ ntWkNd fl;llq;fis
fl;LtJk;> tPjp mikg;gJk; nghU
shjhu cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis
Vw;gLj;JtJk; khj;jpuky;y. jPBnud
iftplg;gl;L Mjutw;w epiyf;F
muRf;Fk; GypfSf;Fkpilapy; cs;s
Kl;Lf;fl;ilia tpyf;Ftjw;F>
rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> muRf;Fk;
GypfSf;Fkpilapy; “Aj;jKk;
rkhjhd czHjF epiyAk;”
vDk; jj;Jtj;jhy; topelj;jg;gLk;
xj;Jiog;Gf;fhd xU jpl;ltiuig
Kd;itj;Js;sdH. mtHfs;>
Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd kPs;fl;Lkhdk;>
kPs; GdUj;jhuzj;ij Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd kPl;rp> kPs;GdUj;jhuzk;
Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; ,izf;Fk;
Njitia Kjd;ikg;gLj;jp Nfhbl;L
fhl;bAs;sdH. ,U jug;gpdUf;Fk;
,ilapy; Ngr;RthHj;ijf;$lhd
cj;jpNahfG+u;t nray;jpl;ltiuG
,jw;F mtrpakhAs;sJ. Vnddpy;>
,Ujug;ghUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,uhZtk;
njhlHghd tpilaq;fis tiuaiw
nra;tJk;> Kiwahd cld;ghlhd Aj;j
epWj;j xg;ge;jk;> ,Ujug;G xj;Jiog;gpd;
jd;ik> tisT RopTfs;; midj;ijAk;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F NghJkhdjy;y
vd;gij fhl;bAs;sJ.
rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> gpd;tUk;
Nfhl;ghLfspd; mbg;gilapy;
Aj;jj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhd GdHtho;T
kPs;fl;Lkhdk; vd;gd mika Ntz;Lk;
vd thjpLfpd;wd.
 Rdhkpia ntWkNd ,aw;if mopthf khj;jpuk; ghHf;fg;glf; $lhJ.
epthuz> kPs; GdHepHkhz gzp
fs;> ,d Kuz;ghl;ilAk; rkhjhd
Ngr;RthHj;ij gbKiwiaAk;
ftdj;jpnyLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 jkpo;> rpq;fs> K];ypk;
r%fj;jtHfs; midtUk; rkkhf elhj;jg;gLtJld; mtHfsJ
gq;Nfw;G Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 caphpog;G> mopT vd;gdtw;iw
Nehf;Fifapy;> tlfpof;F khfhzk; cjtp ngWtjpy;
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 muRk; rHtNjr r%fKk;
Rdhkpf;Fgpd;dhd gbKiwapy; Gypfspd; gq;fpid
ftdj;jpnyLf;fhky; tplhJ mtHfSldhd gq;FjhuH epiyia
cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;.
muRk; GypfSk;> murpay;
gq;Fnfhs;sYf;fhdnjhU Gjpa gbKiwia Muk;gpf;f> Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd
#oiy gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. kdpj
Nea <lhl;lg;gq;F nfhs;sypy; Aj;j
epWj;j xg;ge;jj;jpw;F rkhe;jukhd xU
cj;jpNahf G+Ht cld;ghl;il vl;Ljy;
,d;wpaikahjJ.
[aNjt caq;nfhl: nfhOk;G
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; murpay; tpQ;Qhd
kw;Wk; nghJ nfhs;iffSf;fhd
gPlj;jpd; jiytUk;> “nghypl;b”
rQ;rpifapd; MrphpaUk;> ,yq;if r%f
tpQ;Qhdpfs; xd;wpaj;jpy; jiytU
khthh;. kpd; mQ;ry; : uyangoda@cmb.
ac.lk (ePz;lnjhU fl;Liuapd; RUf;fNk
,f;fl;Liu) online at: www.fmreview.
org/pdf/uyangoda.pdf
Aj;jk; rpijj;j
,yq;ifapy;
mur ,uhZt
epiyfis
Ak; Vida
gpuNjrq;fisAk;
R+s Gijf;fg;
gl;bUe;j fz;zp
ntbfis
Rdhkp mbj;Jr;
nrd;W
[jhf;fpaJ.
Gijf;fg;
gl;bUe;j
fz;zp
ntbfis
Rdhkp
mbj;Jr;nrd;W
[jhf;fpaJ.
32
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr; r%f Ntiy
gw;wpa gpujpgypg;G
Mde;j fygjp
,yq;ifapy;> rHtNjr njhlHg+lfq;fspdJk; cjtp
epWtdq;fspdJk; mf;fiw ntspg;ghl;bdhy; ngUkstpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; kdpjNeag; gjpypWg;gpy;> csr;
r%f NeH jiyaPL xU Kd;Dupik mk;rkhf khwpaJ.
jiyaPLfs; kpf tpiuthf Muk;gpf;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy;
xUq;fpizT kpfTk; gytPdkhdjhf ,Ue;jJld;
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd Aj;jj;Jld;; njhlHGgl;l csr; r%f
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; ,Ue;J fw;w ghlq;fspy; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gltpy;iy.
R
dhkp mbj;J Kjy; ,U
thuq;fspd; gpd;dH> kdpj Nea
mikg;Gf;fshd ,yq;if muR> jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfs;> cs;@H kw;Wk;
rHtNjr mtrufhy gjpypWg;G mzpfs;>
fpof;F khfhz efukhd kl;lf;fsg;gpd;
nghJkf;fs; MfpNahH czT
tpdpNahfj;jpYk;> jq;Fkplk;> kUj;Jt
KjYjtp vd;gdtw;wpYk; ftdk;
Ftpj;jd. gaq;fu mDgtq;fisAk;
ghupa ,og;Gf;fisAk; re;jpj;jpUe;j
tsHe;NjhH rpWtHfsJ kdtLf;fs;>
ghjpg;Gf;fisf; ifahStjw;fhd
Njit> cs;@H cseyg; gzpahsHfis NeHKfk; fz;l rHtNjr
gj;jpupifahsHfshy; cldbahf
Kd;itf;fg;gl;lJ..
kpfg; nghUj;jkhd csr; r%fj;
jiyaPLfs; gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fs;
NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;gl;ld. csr; r%f
Ntiyfspy; Kd; mDgtNkh my;yJ
njhlHNgh nfhz;buhj cs;@H mur
rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> ,yq;ifapy;
NtW ghfq;fisr; rhHe;j ,j;JiwrhH
MHtyH FOf;fs; vd;gd Rdhkpapy;
capH jg;gpg; gpioj;NjhUf;F csey
cjtp toq;Ftjpy; MHtkha; ,Ue;jdH.
cs;@upy; Vw;nfdNt gzpahw;wpa XH
rpy csey cjtpahsHfSf;Fg;
Gwk;ghf> ,j;jifa NritahdJ>
ehl;bd; Vida ghfq;fisr; NrHe;j
FOf;fshNyh my;yJ XH rpy
ehl;fs; gapw;rp ngw;w jd;dhHtj;
njhz;lHfshNyh toq;fg;gl;ld.
FLk;gq;fisAk; tPLthry;fs;
njhopy; JiwfisAk; ,oe;j
kf;fSf;Fk; jw;fhypf Kfhk;fSf;Fs;
Klf;fg;gl;Ls;stHfshfj;
jk;ikg; ghHg;gtHfSf;Fk;> jkJ
mDgtq;fisAk; czHTfisAk;
csey cjtpahsHfsplNkh my;yJ
,j;Jiwapy; jpwd;fisf; Fiwthff;
nfhz;ltHfsplNkh gfpHtnjd;gJ cs
uPjpapy; gpuNahrdk; kpf;fnjhd;W vd;w
fUj;J gutyhf vq;Fk; fhzg;gl;lJ..
,j;jifa ghHitahdJ> NgudHj;jk;
epfo;e;j ,U thuj;jpNyNa> ,lk;
ngaHe;j kf;fSld; Kfhk;fSf;Fs;
csey cjtpahsHfspd; rpwpa mzpfs;
gzpf;fkHj;jg;glf; fhuzkhapUe;jJ.
mbf;fb ,lk; khWk; rdf; $l;lj;jhYk;>
kpf Nkhrkhd Kfhikj;Jtk; kw;Wk;
epthuz cjtpfshYk;> kpjkpQ;rpa rd
neUf;fb> ,lneUf;fb vd;gdtw;whYk;
Kfhk;fspy; gzpf;fkHj;jg;gl;l FOf;fs;>
jkJ fijfisr; nrhy;yp MWjy;
ngw Ntz;Lnkdj; Jbj;j gjfspg;G
nfhz;l ngUk; vz;zpf;ifahd
kf;fSlNdNa ePz;l jkJ gzpNeuj;ij
nrytpl Ntz;b ,Ug;gjhf vg;NghJk;
mwpf;ifapl;ldH. ,Ug;gpDk; ,g;gzp
mkHTfs; jdpegHfSf;F Mokhd
cjtpaspj;jYf;Fk; njhlHr;rpahd
re;jpg;Gf;fSldhd cjTjYf;Fk;
tha;g;gpid toq;fpd. ,j;jifa
mDtgq;fs; csey cjtpahsHfspdJ tpuf;jp> NrhHT> fisg;G Nghd;w
czHTfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr; nrd;wd.
mjpfk; ftiy nfhs;sTk; epr;rakw;w
jd;ikia cUthf;fTk; nra;aty;y
gpur;ridfSld; njhlHGgl;l nghwpKiwrhh; jfty;fis njspthf
vOj;J %yk; ntspg;gLj;j mur
mjpfhupfSf;F mOj;jk; nfhLg;gH.
rpWtHfs; kl;byhd mNdf jiyaPLfs;> mtHfs; ghlrhiyf;F kPsTk;
nry;yNth my;yJ ,yFgLj;jg;gLk;
tpisahl;L nray;ghLfspy;
gq;Fgw;wNth mtHfSf;F Njitahd nghUs;rhH cjtpfis cld;
toq;Ftjd; Clhf mtHfsJ md;whl
tho;tpw;fhd xU fl;likg;gpid
Vw;gLj;Jtij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;ljhf
tFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
xUq;fpizg;gpw;fhd Njit
kl;lf;fsg;G kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;gpd;
csr; r%fj;Jiw tpupthf;fk; ngw;W
mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;L nry;y> epjp
toq;FdHfs; cjtp epWtdq;fspd;
jiyaPL(intervention)
msit tp];jupf;f neUf;fb
nfhLj;jdH. mj;Jld; ngUksT
Gjpa nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk; fsj;jpy;
Fjpj;jdH. gy;NtWgl;l mKyhf;fy;
epWtdq;fSk; Fwpf;fg;gl;l xU kf;fs;
$l;lj;Jld; Ntiy nra;tjw;fhd
MHtj;ij ntspf;fhl;Ltjpy; xUtH
xUtiu Ke;jpf; nfhs;s Kw;gl;ljdhy;
Kuz;ghLfSk;> cld;ghbd;ikAk;
ngUkstpy; cUthfpd. cjhuzkhf>
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH gy tUlq;fshff;
fhzg;gl;lJk;> Aj;jr; #o;epiyf;Fs;
,k; khtl;lj;jpy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;lJkhd
csr;r%fj; jiyaPLfis
mKy;gLj;jpa epWtdq;fSk; jdpegHfSk; Nkw;Fwpj;j mZFKiwf;F
Kw;WKOtJk; kWjiyahdNjhH mZFKiwiag; gupe;Jiuj;J
te;jdH. NgudHj;ijj; njhle;j
fhyg;gFjpapy; toikahf ,lk;ngWk;
cjtpaspf;Fk; mbg;gil tbtkhd
ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fsJ r%f
kw;Wk; nghUl; Njitf,yq;ifiar; R+oTk; ,Ue;J fw;w fbd
isf; ftdj;jpy; vLg;gij
,e;jg; ghHitf; Nfhzk;
ghlq;fs; cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
Kd;Dupikg;gLj;jpaJ.
ghjpg;Gw;NwhH jhkhfNt jkJ
mDgtq;fisAk; f];lq;fisAk;
gw;wpa fUj;jhliy Muk;gpf;Fk;
gl;rj;jpy;> Mjuthd nrtpkLj;jy;
kw;Wk; cldpUj;jy; vd;gdtw;iw
Nkw;nfhs;tJ Cf;fkspf;fg;gl;lN
ghjpYk;$l> Muk;gj; jiyaPlhf
ghjpg;Gw;NwhUf;F csey cjtp
MNyhrid toq;Ftjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs;
vJTk; Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.
,j;jifa ghHitahdJ> khtl;lj;jpy;
Vw;nfdNt ngwg;gl;l gzprhH kl;byhd
mDgtj;jhYk; Njrpa kw;Wk; rHtNjr
topfhl;ly;fshYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
,t; mZFKiwahdJ> cseyr;
rpfpr;iraspf;Fk; nray;ghl;Lj;
jd;ikia Fiwthff; nfhz;lnjd
tpahf;fpahdk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. cjhuzkhf> iftplg;gl;l rpWtHfSld; gzpGupAk; epWtdq;fs;> ,j;jifa rpWtHfis
Vida FLk;g cWg;gpdHfSlNdh
my;yJ mr;rpWtHfSf;F ed;F
gupl;rakhd guhkupg;ghsHfSlNdh
kPs ,izf;fg;gLk; Kaw;rpia
Nkw;nfhs;tH. Kfhk;fSf;Fs; gzpGupAk; rpy mikg;Gf;fs;> ngz;fs;>
rpWtHfs; ghypay; J];gpuNahf
j;Jf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLk; tpilaj;jpy;>
Kfhk;fSf;Fs; ghJfhg;ghf epj;jpiu
nra;tjw;Nfh my;yJ Fspg;gjw;Nfh
nghUj;jkhd xU ,lj;ij
cUthf;Ftjd; %yk; ngz;fspd;
gpur;ridfs; kl;by; gjpypWg;gH. VidatHfs; epthuzk;> el;l<L> tjptplk;
ngWjy;> kw;Wk; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu
xU Fwpf;fg;gl;l Kfhkpy; Vw;nfdNt
tpisahl;L Kw;w mZFKiw nfhz;l
Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpy; xU epWtdk;
,Uf;fj;jf;fjhf ,d;DnkhU epWtdk; mq;F mNj khjpupahd epfo;r;rpj;;
jpl;lj;ij nra;a Kw;gLtijf; $wyhk;.
cs;@H epiyik> nfhs;jFjpwd;>
Njitg;ghLfs; gw;wpa jfty;fisg;
NghjpasT nfhz;buhj epiyapy; ntsp ehl;bypUe;Njh my;yJ
nfhOk;gpypUe;Njh tpkhdk; %yk; tUk;
gapw;WdHfSk; cjtpahfr; nraw;gLk;
gzpahsHfSk; fhzg;gl;ldH.
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; xU xd;wpize;j
csr;r%f Jiwia mgptpUj;jp
nra;tjpy;> cyf kl;lj;jpYk;
,yq;ifapYk; r%f Ntiyf;fhd
gy;tifg;gl;l nfhs;if – Nfhl;ghL>
eilKiwrhH mZFKiwfs; xU
ghupa rthiy Kd;dpWj;JfpwJ.
cs;@upYk; rHtNjr kl;lj;jpYk;>
fsj;jpy; cs;s rr;ruTj; jd;ik
nfhz;l fUj;jhly;fs;> xU xw;iw
nray;jpl;lg; gpur;ridf;Fs;NsNa
tpj;jpahrkhd ghHitf;
Nfhzq;fisAk; mZFKiwfisAk;
cs;thq;fp cs;sJ. vt;thwhapDk;>
kl;lf;fsg;G khtl;lj;Jf;Fs;>
csr; r%fr; nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd;
gue;j xd;wpizthdJ gpupe;J
epw;gij mDkjpg;gijf; fhl;bYk;>
tYt+l;lg;gl;l> ,j;jifa
mZFKiwnahd;iw mgptpUj;jp
nra;jy; mtrpakhdnjd;Nw gLfpwJ.
jw;NghJ> csr; r%fr; nrayz-
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd csr; r%f Ntiy gw;wpa gpujpgypg;G
UNICEF/HQ05-0173/Shehzad Noorani
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
pf; FOthy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s
vz;zf; fUthf;f Ntiyj;jpl;ltiuG
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ.1 cs;@upYk;
rHtNjr kl;lj;jpYk; toikahff;
fhzg;gLfpd;w Nghf;Fg; Nghd;Nw> r%f
mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; Nrit toq;fy; rhHe;j
kdey mZFKiwf;Fk; ,ilapy;
xU “,U $whf;fiy” typAWj;Jtij
jtpHg;gjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUfpd;wd. cs;@H
tsg; gw;whf;Fiw cs;s xU #oypy;>
mJTk; Fwpg;ghf kpfg;ghuJ}ukhd
,lH> neUf;fb epiyapy; cs;s
jdpahl;fSf;fhd csey cjtpaspf;f
Ntz;ba #oypy;> jw;NghJ
fpilf;ff;$ba Nritfs; midj;ijAk;
mzp jpul;b tYg;gLj;JtJ xU
eilKiw ajhHj;jk; nghjpe;j
mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.
jw;NghJ khtl;lj;Jf;Fs; fpilf;ff;$ba
csr; r%f NeH jiyaPLfs; gw;wpa
cjhuzq;fs; vd;gd jd;dhHtj;
njhz;lHfshy; tpgupf;fg;gLk; mDgt
tpguzq;fs;> jdpj;jdpahf csey
cjtp ngWNthupd; csey mkHTfs;>
csg; gpzpf;Fl;gl;ltHfSf;fhd csr;
rpfpr;ir> taJ KjpHe;jtHfSf;fhd
Xa;T Neu fye;Jiuahly;
FOf;fs;> Rdhkpg; gaq;fs; gw;wpa
fye;Jiuahly;fs;> eilKiwr;
rhj;jpak; nfhz;l jfty; cjtpfs;> fhzhkw; NghNdhHfisf;
nfhz;l FLk;gq;fSf;fhd FLk;gr;
re;jpg;G Nghd;wtw;iw jk;kfj;Nj
nfhz;Ls;sd. mj;Jld;> gphpf;fg;gl;l
rpWtHfisj; jw;fhypf jj;njLj;J
guhkupf;Fk; xOq;Ffs;> rpWtHfsJ njupTfSf;fika neUq;fpa
cwtpdHfsplj;jpy; tply; vd;gdtw;Wld;
Kfhk;fSf;F ,lk;ngaHe;Js;s
gps;isfSf;fhd rPuhd tpisahl;L
nraw;ghLfs;> td;Kiw> ghypay;
,k;irfspd; kl;byhd gaq;fisAk;
mghaq;fisAk; ePf;Fk; tz;zk;
kyry $lk; kw;Wk; FbePH
vd;gdtw;wpd; miktplj;jpd; kl;by;
gps;isfSlDk; ngz;fSlDk;
fye;jhNyhrpj;J KbntLg;gij
cWjp nra;Ak; Kaw;rpfs; vd;gdTk;
cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. MrpupaHfs;>
Rfhjhug; gzpahsHfs;> r%f
ikag; gzpahsHfs;> jd;dhHtj;
njhz;lHfs; Nghd;NwhHfSf;F
toq;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfs;> mit
xOq;fhf tbtikf;fg;glhkNyh
my;yJ epiyj;;jF epiy nfhz;ljhf
,y;yhkNyh ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mit
ngupa tpilakhfNt cs;sd. cjtpr;
Nritfs;> gapw;rp Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;
,uz;LNk juj;jpd; kl;bYk; tpisTj;
jhf;fj;jpd; kl;bYk; NtWgl;ldthf
cs;sd. ntspapypUe;J ce;jg;gl;L>
Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ra rPuhf;fy;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l csr; r%f
Nritfspd; tpdpNahfj;jpd;
ajhHj;jij ghHj;jhy;> NtW khw;W
topfs; VJkpy;yhjJ NghYs;sJ.
MapDk; khtl;lj;Jf;Fs; Ntiyia
Muk;gpg;gtHfSld; Mf;f g+Htkhfj;
njhlHGgl;L ,aq;Ftjw;F ,J xU
topahfNt cs;sJ.
Fzkhf;fYk; MNuhf;fpakhf
,Uj;jYf;Fkhd epGzj;Jt kw;Wk;
ghuk;gupa mZFKiwfs; rpyNtis xd;Wld; xd;W nghUe;jhj
R+o;epiyahdJ> Kw;W KOjhd
ngWkhdj;ijAk; Ntiyj;jpl;l tiuGfisAk; nghUe;jr; nra;a ty;y
mZF Kiwfis ,izg;gJ gw;wpa
Neupa ftiyia Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sd.
epGzj;Jt NeH jiyaPl;bd; mtruj;
jd;ikf;Fk; fpuhkpa my;yJ ghku
ghHitf; Nfhzj;Jf;FkpilNaahd
gjl;lk;> Rdhkpg; Nguoptpd; kl;by;
epGzj;Jt NeH jiyaPl;Lf;F khj;jpuk;
rhHghdjhf jw;NghJ jPHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jukhd csr; r%f Nritfis cUthf;FtJ> guhkupg;gJ>
epiyj;jFepiy nfhz;lJk; r%fg;
gz;ghl;baYf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJkhd
NeH jiyaPl;il ,dq; fhz;gJ
Nghd;w rthy;fspd; kl;by;>
,yq;ifiar; #og; ngw;Wf; nfhz;l
- kpff; fLikahff; fw;Wf; nfhz;l
ghlq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
epjpaspj;jy; neUf;Fthuq;fs;>
,yq;ifapy; csr;r%f epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fs; gw;wpa Kd;dwpT ,y;yhj
Mszpapdupd; gilnaLg;G> cs;@
H epWtdq;fspd; Mtzkhf;fy;
,d;ik my;yJ epWtdk;rhH epidT>
gy fyhrhug; ghq;fhd
csr; r%f Nritfis cUthf;Ftjpy;
mHg;gzk; Nghjhik
vd;gd ,j;jifa
Gwf; fzpg;G fhuzpfsha; mike;Js;sd.
“ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fshy;
Kfk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l
ghupa capHr;Nrjk;>
kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; ,lk;
ngaHjy;> [Pthjhu
mopT> r%fg; ghj;jpuk;
Vw;wypy; jlq;fy;> rpWtH gphpgly; Nghd;wd
ePbj;Jr; nry;Yk;
,dKuz;ghl;Lf; fhyj;jpy;
mDgtpf;fg;gl;ldtw;wpd;
kPs; tUifahfTk; mNj
Nghd;w ,og;Gf;fshfTk;
cs;sd” vd;w xU
“czHe;J nfhs;Sjiy”
jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s
Rdhkp NguzHj;jj;jpd;
toikf;F khwhd ,aw;
jd;ikahff;$l ,J
,Uf;fyhk;. epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lk;rhH gjpypWg;Gf;fspd;
tpisTg;gad; jhf;fj;ij
guPl;rpj;Jg; ghHg;gjpy;
,Ue;Jk; gpd;ida
ifahs;jYf;fhd fpuhkpa eltbf;ifapy;
,Ue;Jk; rpyNtis
gpuNahrdkhdnjhd;W ngwg;;glyhk;.
“kpf tpiuthf> Fiwe;j Ntfj;jpy;”
vd;w gz;G> Rdhkp ghjpj;j kf;fshy;
ngwg;glf;$ba jukhdJk; cupaJkhd
Nritfis toq;Ftjpy; kpjkpQ;rpa
nghUj;jg; ghq;fhf njd;gLfpwJ.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd;
ngauhy; NeH jiyaPL nra;Ak;
ntspahupd; mHg;gzq;fs;> cjtp
Njitg;gLgtHfSf;F njhlHr;rpahd
xj;jpirthd NeH jiyaPLfis
toq;Fk; MHtj;jpd; kl;by;> jpl;lkplTk;
xUtH xUtUld; xUq;fpizf;fg;glTk;
Njitahd epWtdq;fspd;
tpopg;GzHthy; topelj;jg;gLtJld;
tYg;gLj;jg;glTk; Ntz;Lk;. mdHj;jk;
Vw;gl;L rpy khjq;fspNyNa NeHj;
jiyaPl;Lf;fhd ePz;l fhy mZFKiwia nfhz;Ls;s Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs;>
tpisTj; jhf;fj; jpwdpd; kl;bYk;>
mtw;wpd; Nritfspd; epiyj;jF
epiyapd; kl;bYk; gyhgyd;fis
Vw;nfdNt mWtil nra;fpd;wd.
Mde;j fygj>p “jiyaPL” vd;w
rQ;rpifapd; MrpupaUk; ,yq;ifapd;
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ,aq;Fk; The Mangrove, csr; r%f cjtp kw;Wk;
xUq;fpizg;gpw;fhd tiyaikg;gpd;
MNyhrfUk; xUq;fpizg;ghsUkhthH.
,izaj;jsk;: www.themangrove.blogspot.com
kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
,f;fl;LiuahdJ> “Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd
csr;r%f Ntiy: ,yq;ifapd; fpof;F
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; Nritfs; toq;Fjypy;
rthy;fs;”> Mde;j fyg;gjp> “jiyaPL”>
ntspaPL 3> ,y 1> gf;fq;fs; 65–69>
2005 vd;gjd; gpupj;njLg;ghFk;. NeH jiyaPL vd;gJ xU rQ;rpif vd;gJld;>
cs MNuhf;fpak;> csr;r%f Ntiy>
Aj;jk; ,lk;ngWk; ,lq;fspy; csey
cjtpaspj;jy; Nghd;wdtw;wpd;
mwptpid gutyhf;fk; nra;aTk;
mHg;gzpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlHG: Guus
van der Veer, Editor-in-chief, Intervention, Tulpenburg 31, 1181 NK Amstelveen,
The Netherlands. Fax: +31 20 647 4580
kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
1. www.forcedmigration.org/psychosocial
33
`pf;fLitf;F
mUfpy;> gpahbfk fpuhkj;jpy;>
XH jhAk;
mtSila
,U kfd;fSk;
Rdhkpapy; ,we;j
me;j rpWtHfspd; rNfhjup
kw;Wk; ghl;bapd;
GijaYf;F
nkOFtH;j;jp
Vw;Wfpd;wdu;
34
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy; [PtNdhghak;
irkd; `hup];
,yq;ifapy; [PtNdhghak; vd;gJ Muk;gj;jpy; Rdhkpapd;
mopTfshy; kl;Lk; ghjpf;fg;gltpy;iy. khwhf murpdJk; kdpjNea cjtp epWtdq;fspdJk; Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd NguopTg; gjpypWg;Gr; rhHe;j nfhs;iffspdhYk;
eilKiwfspdhYk;$lg; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
gp
d;tUk; fijfs;> Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd 5 khjq;fspy;
,lk;ngaHe;NjhuhYk; cjtpg; gzp
ahsHfshYk; fl;LiuahsHfshYk;
$wg;gl;l mDgtq;fspd; $l;L
Kd; itg;gpid jUfpd;;wd. mit>
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy;> rpy
[PtNdhghak; rhHe;j gpur;ridfis>
Fwpg;ghf Nghl;bapy; mike;j gd;Kf
epWtdq;fspd; kdpjNeag; gzprhH jiy
aPLfs;> njhopy;Jiw kPs; fl;Lkhdk;>
fl;llq;fs; mikf;f Kbahj fiuNahu jil nra;ag;gl;l tyak;>
mur e~;l<l;ilg; ngWtjpy; jhkjk;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; jhf;fk; gw;wpf; $Wfpd;wd.
xU kPdtH
Rdhkpapy; mope;j glnfhd;wpd;
nrhe;jf;fhuuhd xU kPdtH ePq;fs;.
ruhrupahd kPd;fisg; gpbf;f cjTk;
xU rpwpa fl;Lkuk;jhd; mJ.
cq;fisg; gzf;fhudhf;f mJ
NghJkhdjy;y> Mdhy;> nfsutkhf thor; nra;aty;yJ. muR
cq;fsJ glif khw;wPL nra;a Kd;
te;Js;sJ. Mdhy; khjf; fzf;fhf
ePq;fs; fhj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwPHfs;.
xd;WNk elf;ftpy;iy. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd; rHtNjr kdpjNea
cjtp epWtdq;fs; te;jd. rpyH
r%ff; fye;Jiuahly; gq;Nfw;ig
toq;fp cq;fsJ Njitfs; ve;j
tifapy; rpwg;ghf epiwNtw;wg;glyhk;
vd mwpa tpUk;gpdH. VidatHfNsh
vt;tsTf;nft;tsT tpiuthfj; jkJ
epjpia nfhLj;J Kbj;Jtpl KbANkh
mt;tsT tpiuthf nfhLj;Jtpl
tpUk;GtJ Nghd;W njd;gl;lJ.
mtHfs; cq;fSf;F xU flidNah>
epjp md;gspg;igNah> $l;Lwtpy; xU
gq;ifNah$l jutpUk;gpdH. xU epWtdk; khw;wPlhf xU fl;L kuj;ijNa
ju tpUg;gkhf ,Ue;jJ. ,d;Dnkhd;W
xw;iwf;fhy; glnfhd;iw jUfpd;wJ.
,d;Dnkhd;Nwh ntsp ,izg;gpae;jpug;
glnfhd;iw jUfpd;wJ. mJ kPd;
gpbg;gjw;fhd xU njupT khj;jpuNk.
ePq;fs; jr;rdhfNth NkrdhfNth
njhlHe;J ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ fzpdpia ,af;Ftjw;F fw;fyhk; my;yJ
rHtNjr cjtp epjp te;J Nruj;
njhlq;fpajpypUe;J gy;fpg; ngUfpa
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd cs;@H epWtdq;fSld;
Nghl;bNghl ,d;DnkhU cs;SH
epWtdj;ijj; njhlq;fyhk;. ePq;fs;
vd;d nra;tPHfs;? cq;fs; glF
NrjkhdJ Mdhy; mt;tsT ngupjhf
,y;iy. cq;fs; ez;gHfs; ngupa glFfis ,ae;jpuq;fSld; Nfl;fpd;wdH.
mtHfs; njhiy J}uk; nrd;W NkYk;
mjpfkhd kPd;fisg; gpbf;f ,aYk;.
Vw;nfdNt kpjkpQ;rpa kPd;gpbahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;snjd rpyH $Wfpd;wdH.
mt;thnwd;whYk; ,g;NghJs;s
ifapUg;ig ngUftplhky; khj;jpuk;jhd;
nra;Ak;. Mdhy; mJ ,dptUk;
fhyj;jpy;jhd; elf;Fk;. ,d;W ePq;fs;
cq;fs; tho;f;ifiaf; nfhz;L elj;j
Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; Nghl;bahsuhf ,Uf;f
Ntz;bAs;sJ.
xU tpahghup
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH ePq;fs; xU tpahghup. Vioay;y Mdhy; ed;whf
,Ue;jPHfs;. cq;fSila tPl;il
,oe;jPHfs;. NguopT ,lk;ngw;w rpy
jpdq;fspy; murhy; gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;l
100 kPw;wH fiuNahuf; fl;llj;Jf;fhd
jil tyaj;Jf;Fs; cq;fs; epyk;
tUtjhy; mtHfs; cq;fis kPs
Tk; tPL fl;l mDkjpf;fg; Nght
jpy;iy. cq;fSila tpahghuk;
e\;lg;gl;Ltpl;lJ. mJ iff;fhR tpahghuj; jd;ik nghUe;jpaJ. cq;fs;
nrhj;Jf;fis <L itj;J ngUksT
cjtpia ,uty; ngw;Ws;sPHfs;.
,g;NghJ cq;fs; tPL Ngha;tpl;ljdhy;
cq;fsJ fldpd; kl;by; tq;fp Kd;
jil Nghl;Ls;sJ. cq;fsJ tPl;LWjp
Rdhkpahy; ms;Sz;L Nghdjhy; ePq;fs;
e\;l<L NfhUtjw;F ,ayhky; ,Uf;fg;
NghfpwJ. cq;fs; cupj;Jlikia
epiy epWj;Jjy; xU ePz;l kw;Wk;
rpf;fy; tha;e;j gbKiwahf cs;sJ.
VidatHfisg; Nghy cq;fSf;Fk;
fhg;GWjp ,y;iy. cq;fsJ tPl;ilf;
fl;lf; $batuhf ePq;fs; ,Ue;jhy;$l>
mg;gb cq;fshy; nra;af; $bajhf
,Uf;fg;Nghtjpy;iy. Vndd;why; Rdh
kpapy; ,Ue;J cs;SH fl;llg; nghUfspd; tpiy mjpfupj;Js;sJ. mj;Jld;
fl;Lkhdg; gzpahsHfspd; rk;gsk;$l
%d;Wklq;fhfpAs;sJ. fiuNahug;
ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; mg;gpuNjrq;fspy; 1981
,y; ,Ue;J fl;llq;fspd; fl;Lkhdj;ij
jil nra;jpUg;gjhy; cz;ikapy; ,e;j
epyk; cq;fSf;Fupajpy;iy vd;W muR
nrhy;fpwJ. (fle;j 20 tUlq;fshf
mr;rl;lj;jij mKy;gLj;Jtjpy;iy
vd;W mtHfs; njupT nra;jpUe;j
NtisapYk;$l) fpzWfspy; cs;s
ePH ctHg;ghf ,Ug;gjhy; jpdKk;
jz;zPH vLj;J te;J tpdpNahfpf;fg;gl
Ntz;ba rJg;G epy tpspk;gpYs;s xU
epyg;gug;gpy; mikaTs;s ,ilj;jq;fy;
tPl;Lf;F khw;wg;gl fhj;Jf; nfhz;L>
ePq;fs; ,g;NghJ ghlrhiy tpisahl;L
ikjhdj;jpy; cq;fs; FLk;gj;Jld;
tho;fpwPHfs;. fle;j 15 tUlq;fshf
Aj;jj;jhy; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH thOk;
jw;fhypf tPLfSf;F mUfpNyNa
,k;Kfhk; cs;sJ. cs;SH mur
epHthfj;jpD}lhf toq;fg;gLk;
khjhe;j cyH czT> rpW njhifg;
gzk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ngw;W tUfp
wPHfs;. capH jq;fp tho ,J NghJ
khdJ. NtW vq;fhtJ ePq;fs;
,lk;ngaHe;jhy; cq;fSf;F ,lk;
,Uf;Fk;. tpw;gid rhHe;j mwpT Gjpjhf
VNjh xd;iw Muk;gpf;f cq;fSf;F
cjTk;. Mdhy; ePq;fs; nrd;why;>
mur cjtpNah Ntnwe;j cjtpNah
cq;fSf;Ff; fpilf;fhJ. cq;fs;
nrhe;jf; fhypy;jhd; tho Ntz;Lk;.
XH cs;SH epWtdNkh> rpwpa tpahghu
Kaw;rpfis Muk;gpf;f $ba tifapy;
xU Row;rpKiwf; fld; jpl;lj;ijNah
my;yJ ,ytr epjp toq;fy;
jpl;lj;ijNah Muk;gpf;f cs;snjdf;
$WfpwJ. mtHfs; ML> Nfhop
tsHg;gjw;fhd xU rpy Mapuq;fisg;
gw;wpNa NgRfpd;wdH. ePq;fNsh Ie;J
cjtpahsHfis itj;Jf; nfhz;L
50>000 &gha; jpdg; Gus;Tld; njhopy;
nra;jtH.
XusT mDgtKk; jpwDk;
nfhz;l njhopyhsp
ePq;fs; XusT mDgtKk; jpwDk;
kpf;f fl;llj; njhopyhsp. Rdhkpf;F
Kd; rpwpJ f];lk;. mUfpy; cs;s
efUf;F jpdKk; Ntiy Njbr; nry;y
Ntz;b ,Ue;jJld;> rpy rkak; Ntiy
fpilg;gJk; mupJ. Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd; jpBnud fl;ll Ntiyf;F ngUk; fpuhf;fp.
jw;fhypf tPL> ,ilj;jq;fy; tPL>
epue;ju tPnld;W xNu fl;ll Ntiy.
ghlrhiy fl;lg;gl> tPjpfs; jpUj;jg;gl>
ghyq;fs; fl;lg;gl Ntz;bAs;sd.
Cjpak; jpBnud caHe;Jtpl;lJ.
Ntiyf;Fj; jl;Lg;ghNl ,y;iy.
cq;fs; tho;tpy; ele;j tpilaq;fspy;
Rdhkpjhd; kpfr; rpwe;jJ. Rdhkp
Ald; njhlHGgl;l fl;ll Ntiyf;F
ehshe;j Cjpakhf 750 &ghit
ngw;w gpd; cq;fshy; vg;gb ,dp 250
&ghTf;F jpUk;gTk; nry;y KbAk;?
jw;NghJs;s epWtdq;fs; toq;Fk;
njhopy;rhH gapw;rpapdhy; cUthFk;
Nkrd;> jr;Rj; njhopyhspfspd; njhopy;
re;ijapdhy; cUthFk; jhf;fk; vg;
gb ,Uf;Fk;? Nguoptpw;Fg; gpd;dhd
kPs;fl;Lkhdj; njhopw;Wiw ePz;l fhy
mgptpUj;jpia J}z;Lkh? my;yJ kdpj
Nea epWtdq;fs; kPsTk; jpUk;gpr;
nry;Yk;NghJ ,itnay;yhk; jpBnud
epd;W tpLkh?
“NkypUe;J fPo;Nehf;fpa” xU
gpujpgypg;Gg; gjpypWg;G vd mNdfuhy;
fUjg;gLk;> 100 kPw;wH vy;iyf;Fs;
fl;Lkhdq;fisj; jilnra;Ak; 1981
fiuNahug; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lj;jpid
mKyhf;Ftjw;fhd murpd; jPHkhdk;> jkJ nrhe;j ,y;yq;fis
kPsTk; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd Rdh
kpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gy;yhapuf;
fzf;fhdtHfspd; tha;g;ig
cWjpahf jilnra;Js;sJ.
rpwe;j #oy; Rw;whly; thjj;ij
ntspg;gLj;JtjhfTk; (rJg;G epyj;
jhtuq;fisAk; kzy; NkLfisAk;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd ,yq;ifapy; [PtNdhghak;
35
Paul Jeffrey/ACT International
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
kPs cUthf;f Cf;fg;gLj;jy;) mgha
fhy epiy Maj;jk; rhHe;j thjj;ij
ntspg;gLj;JtjhfTk; (vjpHfhyj;
jhf;fj;Jf;nfjpuhfg; ngsjPfj; jil
tyaj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; ,yF
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyiaf; Fiwj;jy;)
,f; nfhs;if fhzg;gl;lhYk;>
nrhj;J cupj;Jilikf;Fk;
[PtNdhghaj;Jf;Fkpilapy; cs;s
gu];gu cwT> gue;j mstpy; fz;Lk;
fhzky; tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. fiuNahuf;
fl;Lg;ghl;bd; rl;l g+Htj; jd;ikia
Nfs;tpf;Fl;gLj;Jk; cWjp Nghd;w
Mtzq;fs; ,d;wp> cupik Nfhuy;
gpur;rpid Nghd;wtw;wpilNa> ,oe;j
nrhj;Jf;fhd mur el;l <l;ilg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy; vd;gJ ePz;lJk;
rpf;fy; tha;e;j gbKiwiaf;
nfhz;lJkhw;NghYs;sJ. mg; gbKiwf;
fhyk; KOtJk; [PtNdhghak; epWj;jp
itf;fg;gl;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
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jug;Gf;fspy; kPdtr; r%fKk; xd;W.
kPdtHfspd; ,oe;j [Pthjhuj;ij
kPs capHg;gpj;njLg;gjhf muR
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Yk;> e\;l <L toq;fypy;> mur
rl;lg+Ht xOq;fikg;Gf;Fs; epyTk;
nfhs;jFjpwd; Nghjhik> kpfg;ghupa
jhkjj;jf;F ,l;lr;nrd;Ws;sJ. kdpj
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itj;Js;sdH. cs;SH kw;Wk; rHtNjr
epWtdq;fshy; mzpjpul;lg;gl;LtUk;
kpfg; ghupa epjpapd; fhuzkhf> ,r;
#o;epiy kpfTk; Nghl;bkpf;f #oyhf
khwpAs;sJ. kPd;gpbg; glF tplak;
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cgfuzq;fspd; gy;tifg;gl;ldtw;iwf;
toq;Ftjd; %yk>; cjtpnra;tw;fhd
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rKjhak; cldbahf jkJ njhopiy
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kl;by; nfhs;jFjpwd;> #oy; vd;gd>
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toq;fpAk; kWjiyahf nghUl;fSk;
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Nghd;Ws;sJ.
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36
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37
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38
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
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epWtdj;jpd; Rdhkp gjpypWg;ghdJ>
ehl;il ,uhl;rj miy jhf;fp xU rpy
kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
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nghUl;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw gfpu;e;jspf;fj;
njhlq;fpa cs;Su; gzpahsHfspd; tpidj;jpwidAk; ,uf;fj;ijAk;
ghuhl;Ljy; mtrpak;. cyf juprd
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nfhz;L nry;y ,tHfsJ tpiuthd
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Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; nfhz;bUe;jJ.
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gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJld; nfd;ah> fdlh>
,e;jpah> ghf;fp];jhd;> jha;yhe;J>
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njhlHr;rpahf Nja;e;JtUk; ghJfhg;G
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njhlHe;J> Ig;grp 2004 ,y; jdJ
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ghupa nghWg;ig kPz;Lk; Vw;f jahuhf
Kd;te;jdH. ,j;jifa mDgtrhyp
fs; jk;Kld; ,Ue;j Vida epthuzg;
gzprhH tpw;gd;dHfs;> epWtdq;fSlhd
cwT njhlHGfis nfhz;L te;jdH.
mr;RWj;Jk; mtrufhy epiyikapd;
Muk;g ehl;fspy;> mur rhHgw;w
epWtdq;fs;> I.eh. mikg;Gf;fSldhd
rpwe;j gzpj; njhlHigAk; cwitAk;
Vw;gLj;Jk; jpwd; kpf;f tpidj;jpwDld;
epthuzj;ij tpepNahfpf;f cjtpaJ.
vjpHfhyk; vd;d?
cyf juprd epWtdk; Mff;Fiwe;jJ
5 tUlj;Jf;F jdJ Rdhkp epfo;r;rpj;
jpl;lq;fis njhlu tpUk;GfpwJ. rpwpa
tpahghuj;Jf;fhd rpW tHj;jf mgp
tpUj;jp> tPLfspd; kPs; fl;Lkhdk;>
tHj;jfk;> tPjpfs;> ghyq;fs;> fiu
Nahu gpuNjrq;fspd; Gjpa ePH
kyry$l Kiwfs;> ghlrhiyfs;>
fpuhkq;fspy; tpupTgl;l rpWtH ghJfhg;G
Nghd;wdtw;iw cs;slf;fpa kpfg;gue;j
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; mtw;wpy; mlq;Fk;.
Kd;ida NguopTfspy; fw;Wf; nfhz;l
rpy ghlq;fs; Rdhkp Ntiyj; jpl;lj;jpy;
cjtpahf cs;sJ vd;gJ ep&gzk;.1
fle;j 2 tUlq;fspy; mgptpUj;jp
nra;ag;gl;l rpWtH ghJfhg;G Kd;tiuT
Mtzq;fspd; tpisthf> rpWtH rpNef
ikaq;fs; ,yq;if> ,e;jpah> kw;
Wk; Mr;Nrapy; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Njrpa mYtyfkl;l mjpfhug;
gutyhf;fj;Jf;Fl;gl;l KbntLf;Fk;
gbKiwapDhlhf> Fwpg;ghf
,yq;if ,e;jpahtpy;> tputhd
cldb gjpypWg;Gf;Fg; Gwk;Ng vjpHfhyk; gw;wpanjhU Gjpa ftiy
vOe;Js;sJ. ,d;DnkhU ghupa NguopT
mz;ikapy; Vw;gLkhdhy; vd;d
elf;Fk;? vy;yh epWtdq;fspdJk;
kpfr; rpwe;j nfhs;jFjpwdpy; ,Ue;J
Mokhf cUntLj;jNj Rdhkp cldb
gjpypWg;G Kaw;rpfs;. ,d;DnkhU
ghupa mstpyhd> kpf tpiuthd
xU mtrufhy epiy ntFtpiutpy;
Vw;gl;Ltpl;lhy;> mNefkhd epWtdq;fs;>
mJTk; ghupa> ngupa epWtdq;fs;
nghUj;jkhd gjpypWg;ig cldbahf
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F kpf fbd mOj;jj;ij
gpuNahfpf;f Ntz;b ,Uf;Fk;.
Steve Matthews
];uPy; kj;jpa+]; - cyf juprd
epWtdj;jpd; g+Nfhs mjptpiu gjpypWg;G
mzpapd; mtrufhy njhlHghly;fspd;
KfhikahsH. kpd;dQ;ry; :
[email protected]
1. See After Action Review (involving World Vision International, CARE, OXFAM GB and Catholic Relief Services)
at www.hmanitarianinfo.org/srilanka/infocentre/referance/
docs/Care_Evaluation.pdf
39
FMR Rdhkp – ,yq;if
rpwpa kPd; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd
neUf;Fthuj;jpy; erpAz;lJ
,yq;ifapy;> gq;Nfw;G kw;Wk; gutyhf;fk; vd;gdtw;wpd;
ngWkhdk; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd mtru tpiutpy; Vuhskhd ru;tNjr epWtdq;fshy; gytPdg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
m
trufhy epiyikapd; Kjy;
ehspy; ,Ue;J kl;lf;fsg;gpy;>
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FWfpa Mdhy; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f
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Ra mghaj;jpd; J}uj;jpypUe;Jk;> xU
$l;bizT ,yq;if kw;Wk; ntspehl;L
rfgzpahsHfspdpilNa cUthdJ.
Paul Jeffrey/ACT International
khHfop 30,y;> ePHkl;lk; caHe;jjd;
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KjyhtJ ghr;ry; fiuNahuj;ij
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kf;fis kPz;Lk; Kfhk;fSf;Fs;
efu itj;jJ. czTg; nghUl;fs;
gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;L te;j ghlrhiyfs;
,lk;ngaHe;j FLk;gq;fspd;> Kfh-
khf khw;wk; ngw;wd. xU thuj;Jf;Fs;
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nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj> ciy
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fPo; vhpe;J nfhz;bUe;j neUg;G jpBnud
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ePHj;Njf;fk; cilg;ngLj;J
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lhky; nghope;J nfhz;bUe;j me;j
,utpy; vdJ ,jak; glglj;Jf;
nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. vkJ mYyfk;
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apy; ,Ue;jjhy; ehk; mjp];lrhypfs;.
vz;zw;wtHfs;> kpjkpQ;rpa Ml;fshy;
epuk;gpapUe;j Kfhk;fspYk; kuq;fSf;Ff;
fPOk; rpyNtis nts;sj;jpYk; ,Uf;f>
ehk; cliyr; rha;g;gjw;Nfh vk;kplk;
gha;fs; ,Ue;jd. Rdhkp ,ijtplg;
Ihpd; gpNwrH
guthapy;iy NghYk; vd vkJ gzpahsHfs; eifr;Ritahf Ngrpf;nfhz;ldH.
,j;jifa #oypy;> mLj;j mjpHr;rp
te;jJ. ,aw;ifaplkpUe;jy;y khwhf vkJ Nkyplj;jpypUe;Nj. vt;tpj
fhuzKkpd;wp> vkJ ,yq;iff;fhd
mtru epiy mzp xUq;fpizg;ghsH
mtuJ flikfspypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gl;L
cldbahf jkJ cilikfis
vLj;Jf; nfhz;L nfhOk;Gf;F tUkhW
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$wg;gl;lJ. Kfhikj;Jtj;ij
fye;jhNyhrpf;fhJ> “Kiwaw;w
tifapy;” epWtd thfdq;fis
gad;gLj;jpaijf; fz;bj;jNjhL> Nkl;L
epyq;fSf;F kf;fis ghJfhg;ghf
Vw;wp ,wf;Ftjd; nghUl;L epWtd
CopaH my;yhNjhiu thfdq;fspy;
Vw mDkjpj;jijAk; epHthfk;
Rl;bf; fhl;b ,Ue;jJ. ehk;$l
xU jd;dhHt njhz;liu (rHtNjr kl;lj;jpy; mtrufhy gzpapy;
NghJkhd msT mDgtKs;s) vk;
Kld; ,aq;f mDkjpj;jjd; thap
yhf kdpj tsf; nfhs;ifia
kPwpAs;Nshk; vd mwpag;gLj;jg;gl;Nlhk;.
mj;Jld; mtrufhy epiy rhHe;j
epGzHfs; te;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH
vdTk; vkf;Ff; $wg;gl;lJ. Kd;
ndhUNghJkpy;yhjthW mtrufhy
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,yq;if>
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fpd;wdu;
40
rpwpa kPd; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd neUf;Fthuj;jpy; erpAz;lJ
30>000 NgUf;F czTk; kUe;Jk;
toq;f 20 kzpj;jpahy Ntiy
ehl;fisr; nryT nra;Js;s Ntis>
eltbf;iffis cld; epWj;JkhWk;
te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; epGzHfspd;
mwpTWj;jy;fSf;fhf fhj;jpUf;FkhWk;
Nfl;fg;gl;Nlhk;.
ek;gpf;if gw;wpa gpur;rpid
nghJthfNt> gq;Nfw;G rhHe;j njhiy
Nehf;fpdhYk; mjpfhug; gutyhf;fj;jpd;
ngWkhdj;jhYk; jkJ Ntiyfs;
tbtk; nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd
epWtdq;fs; NgRfpd;wd. Mdhy;>
cs;SH gzpahsHfs;> cs;SH
mwpT kw;Wk; cs;SH kf;fspd;
nfhs;jFjpwd; Nghd;w mk;rq;fspy; xU
ngupa kdpjNea epWtdk; ek;gpf;if
nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjpy; Ntnwd;d
rhd;W ,Uf;f KbAk;. mtrufhy epiy
epGzHfs; te;jpwq;fpaJk; mtHfsplk; Vuhsk; tpdhf;fs; njhLf;f
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gw;wpAk;> mjpy; mfg;gl;Ls;stHfspd;
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kw;Wk; mjpypUe;J kPOjy; gw;wpAk;
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Ngrpa tpjk; ntspg;gLj;jtpy;iy.
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ifNaw;G Nghd;W njd;gl;lJ.
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mDkjpf;fg;glhj 100 my;yJ 300
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fiuNahuq;fspy; ,Ue;J rpijTfisj;
Jg;guT nra;Ak; ntspahuJ ghj;jpuk;>
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jpl;lkpLfpd;wdNuh vd;w gaj;ijf; $l;b
cs;sJ.
[hpd; gpNurH xU ghupa rHtNjr epWtdj;Jf;fhf ,yq;ifapy;
gzpGupe;jtH. kpd;dQ;ry;:
[email protected]
gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kl;by;
kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;G
gpah xg;Nuha;
njd; kw;Wk; njd; fpof;F Mrpahtpy; Rdhkp neUf;fbapy;
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n
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fhl;LtjhfTk; mtHfsJ mbg;gil
kdpj cupikfis kPWtjhfTk;
,Ue;jJ.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w ehd;F njd;
jha;yhe;J khfhzq;fspy; njhopy;
GupAk; 120>000 gHkpaHfspy;> nkhj;jk;
700 njhlf;fk; 2500 tiuapyhd gHkpa
Gyk; ngaH njhopyhsHfs; Rdhkpahy;
nfhy;yg;gl;Ls;sjhf fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ.
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gHkpaHfspd; vz;zpf;if gw;wpa rup
ahd juT$l njsptw;wjhAs;sJ.
rpy mwpf;iffNsh Mf $baJ 4000
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mikg;Gf;fs; ,ize;J ij khj;jpy;
nra;j fzpg;gPl;bd;gb jha;yhe;jpy; Rdhkpahy; Mff; Fiwe;jJ 7000 gHkpa
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ek;gpapUe;jtHfSk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldH
vd KbTf;F tuKbe;jJ. njhopy;
Gupe;Jk; tho;e;Jk; te;j gy
Mapuf;fzf;fhd gHkpa njhopyhsHfs;>
gjpT nra;ag;glhjtHfs; vd;gJld;
,jd; tpiothf cj;jpNahf g+Ht
FMR Rdhkp – jha;yhe;J
cjtpfspy; ,Ue;J tpyf;fg;gl;ldH
vd;gJk; gpujhdkhd Fog;gj;Jf;Fupa
fhuzpahf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk; gy
milahs Mtzq;fSk; Ntiy
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mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ld.
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njhlHe;J ghuhgl;rk; gaKWj;Jk;
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fis ngWtjpy; filrp tupirapNyNa ,Ue;jdH. mJTk; mtHfs;
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ij 2005 ,y; rl;lj;Jf;Fg; Gwk;ghd
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mNefH fhaKw;wpUe;jJld; grpahy; gytPdKw;Wk; ,Ue;jdH.
rl;lJf;Fg;Gwk;ghd Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH
jha;yhe;J nghJ Rfhjhu
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jhu Njitfisf; $l ngw Kbahky; ,Ue;jdH. czTf;Fk; Vida
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jHkj;jpNyNa mjpfk; jq;fp ,Uf;f
Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ.
gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfs; kl;by; kdpj Neag; gjpypWg;G 41
fiuNahuq;fspy; ehrg;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;
miyfSf;F gwpnfhLj;j Ntiy
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Kbahj rpf;fy; cUthfp cs;s
epiyapy; ,j; njhopyhspfs; kpfr;
rhjhuzkhfNt mtHfsJ njhopy;
nfhs;NthHfshy; iftplg;gl;ldH.
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Fw;wr; nray;fs; gy E}W gHkpa
Gyk;ngaHe;Njhiu tifnjhifaw;W
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H mjpfhupfspdhNyh nra;ag;gLk;
J];gpuNahfq;fis KiwapLtjw;F
xU Gyk; ngaHe;jtiuahtJ Jzpar;
nra;tjpy;iy.
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kjpf;fg;gLtjw;F cupj;JilatHfs;
vd;gJk; kWf;fKbahj cz;ik.
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ghugl;rk; mw;w xU
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Ntiyj;jpl;lj;Jf;Fs;> khdplj;
itj;jy; vd;gd
rptpy;> murpay;
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fhd rHtMapuf;fzf;fhff;$l ,Uf;ff;$ba gu;kpa cupikfSf;
Njr xg;ge;jj;jpd; cWg;G
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khfTk; mbg;gilahfTk;> rpj;jputij
tUk; mtrpaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;
cs;slq;fyhf ghupa kdpj cupik
kdpj Nea gjpypWg;G nghJthf
kPwy;fSf;F cl;gl;L xUtH Jd;GWk;
mDkjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; gHrhj;jpak; cs;s xU #o;epiyf;F
kpa Gyk; ngaHe;Njhupd; Njitfs;
vtiuAk; jpUg;gp mDg;ghjpUf;Fk;
kl;byhd gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffs;
flg;ghl;il rHtNjr tof;fhw;W
mtHfsJ Njitfis g+Hj;jp nra;aTk;
rl;lj;jpw;F fPo; jha;yhe;J muR
,y;iy mtHfsJ nfsutk; kPsf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
nfhz;Ltug;glTkpy;iy. rl;lg+Ht
me;j];J ,Uf;fpwNjh ,y;iyNah
Gyk; ngaHe;j midtuJ kdpj
vy;yh kdpj capHfSk; nghUshjhu
cup ikfisAk; ghJfhj;jy;
r%f cupikfs; cs;slq;fyhf jkJ
midj;J mbg;gil cupikfSf;Fk;
cs;SH mjpfhupfshYk; Ntiy
cupj;JilatHfs; vd;gij rHtnfhs;NthuhYk; Gyk;ngaH njhopyhNjr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lk; epiy
spfs; ,opTgLj;Jk; tifapy;
epWj;Jfpd;wJ. Rdhkpiaj; njhlHe;J
elj;jg;gLjy; vd;gJ> Fwpf;fg;gl;l
mtrufhy Rfhjhu guhkupg;igg; ngWk;
gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; khj;jpuk; gutpAs;s
gHkpa Gyk; ngaHe;Njhupd; jpwikiag;
xUtif tpahjpahfj;njd;gLk; ,e;jg;
nghWj;jkl;by; jha;yhe;J mur jug;G
gpur;ridia ,d;W nghJ cyifnahg;gkpl;Ls;s r%f ngghUshfpd; fz;fSf;F Rdhkp neUf;fb
jhu fyhrhu cupikfSf;fhd rHtnfhz;L te;Js;sJ. xl;Lnkhj;jkhf
1
Njr xg;ge;jj;jpd; 12k; ruj;jhdJ
cs;SH> Njrpa kl;l mjpfhupfcaHkl;l cly; cs MNuhf;fpaj;jpd;
shy; vt;thW kdpjNeag; gzp
caH kl;l milTg; gpukhzj;Jf;fhd
fs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;wd vd;w
xt;nthUtupdJ cupikiaAk;
tpdhf;fisAk; vOg;gpAs;sd.
kjpf;fpwJ.
,yq;ifapypUe;J ,e;jpah
kdpj Nea cjtpfs; kWf;fg;gl;ljw;Fg;
Gwk;Ng gHkpa Gyk;ngaH njhopyhspfs;
Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyj;jpy; NtW
ghugl;rj;Jf;Fk; J\;gpuNahfj;Jf;Fk;
Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
jha;yhe;Jf;$lhf ,e;NjhNdrpah
tiuAk; ghupa Njitfis vjpH
Nehf;Fk; mNjNtis ,yFtha;
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gL epiyapYs;s
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tpepNahfpg;gjpy; ,isf;fg;gLk; ghugl;rk;
gw;wp mwpf;iffs; gutyhf te;Js;sd.3
Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH rl;lg+Htkw;w gpuNtrr;
#o;epiyapy; cs;sNtis> ,d;Dk;
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Gyk; ngaHe;NjhH ngz;fs;> rpWtHfs;>
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Gyk; ngaHe;Njhupd; kl;by; ghugl;rkhd
nfhs;iffisNa gpuNahfpf;fpd;wd.
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gFjpfspy; Kiwaw;wtif
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ghJfhg;ig toq;Fk; rl;lg+Htkhd
Njitg;ghLfisNah my;yJ epHthff;
nfhs;iffisNah nfhz;Ls;sd.
Fwpg;ghff; $Wtjhapd; 29 ehLfs;
khj;jpNk Gyk;ngaHe;Njhupd; Gyk;ngaH
me;j];ij fUjhJ mtHfsJ
mbg;gil kdpj cupikfis ghJfhf;f
tpN\lkhf cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s rHtNjr kdpj cupikr; rhrdk; xd;wpy;
ifnahg;gkpl;Ls;sd. ,J vy;yhg;
Gyk;ngaH njhopyhsHfspdJk;
mtHfsJ FLk;g cWg;gpdHfsJk;
cupikfis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd I.eh.
tpd; rhrdkhFk;.4 ,r;rhrdKk;
Gyk; ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd mbg;gil
kdpj cupikfs; xg;ge;jq;fSk;>
Gyk;ngaHe;Njhupd; cupikfis
ghJfhf;Fk; Kf;fpa fUtpfshFk;;.
,d;W mit> Gyk;ngaHT gw;wpa Vuhskhd fUj;jhly;fis cUthf;fpAs;s
cs;tuTf; fl;Lg;ghLfs;>
cs;thq;fpf;nfhs;sy; vd;gdtw;wpy;
khj;jpuk; mOj;jj;ij nfhLf;ftpy;iy
vd;gJTk; fz;$L.
kdpjNeag; gzpfspd; kl;by; Gyk;
ngaHe;NjhH kwf;fg;glkhl;lhHfs;
my;yJ ghugl;rj;Jf;Fs;shf khl;lhHfs;
my;yJ J];gpuNahfj;ij vjpHnfhs;s
khl;lhHfs; vd;gij cWjpnra;Ak;
Kf;fpa mk;rkhf kdpj cupikfis jk;kfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;s vy;yh
Gyk;ngaHe;NjhUk; kdpj capHfNs
vd;w cau; fzpg;G cs;sJ.
gpah Xg;Nuha; n[dpthit ikakhff;
nfhz;l rHtNjr kd;dpg;Gr; rigapd;
mfjpfs; mjpfhupahthH. ,f;fl;Liuapy;
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs;
fz;bg;ghf rHtNjr kd;dpg;Gr; rigapd;
fUj;ij gpujpgypf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gjy;y.
kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
www.saydanatsunami.org my;yJ
[email protected] vDk;
,izaj;jdj;jpy; Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w
gu;kpa Gyk;ngau; njhopyhopfspy;
mf;fiw nfhz;l r%f ika epWtdkhd Rdhkp mf;]d; FUg; gw;wp
fhzyhk;
1. www.unhcr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm
2. www.ohchr.org/english/law/ccpr.htm
3. See for example Human Rights Watch, ‘End caste bias in
tsunami relief’, 14 January 2005 http://hrw.org/English/
docs/2005/01/14/india10019.htm;Amnesty International,
Indonesia-Human Rights are Paramount in the relief and
reconstruction effort, 18 January 2005 http:// news.amnesty.
org/index/ENGASA210032005
4. www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/skills/recomm/
instr/un_9.htm
42
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah
,e;jpa fUj;juq;F Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig
kPsha;T nra;fpwJ
mwpf;if rkHg;gpg;NghH Nghyh gdH[p> rg;ahrhr;rp ghR uha; rTj;hp
fy;fj;jh Ma;T tl;lj;jhy; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;l
Gj;jp[Ptpfs; kdpjThpik MHtyu; Ma;T fl;Liuj;
njhFg;ghdJ> rhjp rka> ghy; epiy mbg;gilapy;
ghugl;rk; ,d;wp cjtpfis ngWtjw;fhd
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfsJ chpikfs; jkpo;ehL> me;jkhd;
epf;NfhghH jPTfspy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l epthuz kw;Wk;
GdHtho;T Kaw;rpfspy; kjpf;fg;gl;l msit fzpg;gpl;lJ.
jkpo; ehL
Peter Høvring/DanChurchAid/ACT International
,e;jpah>
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ntspg;ghl;bw;fhd Nfhhpf;if ngUks
tpy; ngUfpf;nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
epthuzg;gzpfspd; eltbf;iffs;
gyjlitfspy; czHjF jpwd;
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tl ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J te;J
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jkpo;ehl;by; mitahy; vt;tpj
gaDkpUf;ftpy;;iy.
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ed;nfhilahf toq;fg;gl;lNghJ
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epuhfhpj;jd.
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gps;isfspd; Njitfspd; kl;by;
Mz; gzpahsHfs; czHjF
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jpwid nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
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fs; toq;fg;gl;ld. Mdhy;
cs;shilfs; toq;fg;gltpy;;iy.
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mJTk; gpioahd topfspy;
mit nrytspf;fg;ghlhjpUg;gij
cWjpg;gLj;jhky; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
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mbgl;Lf;nfhz;ldu;.
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nfhs;gtHfSf;F rg;ghj;jp
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;F
tPL mikg;gijAk;> [PtNdhghaj;Jld;
njhlHGl;l nghUl;fis
toq;FtijAk;> Rdhkpf;F Kd;dH fiu
Nahu xOq;F tpjpfis mKyhf;fk;
nry;tjpy;,e;jpa muR nfhz;bUe;j
Nguhty; jLj;jjpdhy;> NghJkhd msT
epjptsj;Jld; ,Ue;j mNdf cs;SH
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gad;gLj;j KbahJ jpz;lhLfpd;wd.
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kf;fis kPs; FbNaw;Wk; jPHkhdk;
thjg;gpujpthjj;Jf;Fl;gl;lJ. fiu
Nahu xOq;F tpjpfis mKy;gLj;Jjy;
gw;wpa xopT kiwtw;w jd;ikapy;
FiwghL cs;sJ. mNdfH fiu
Nahu jilapd; rl;lG+Ht jd;ikgw;wp
Nfs;tp vOg;Gk; mNjNtis fiuNahu
gpuNjrq;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bid gy;Njrpa
fk;gdpfs; ngwtjw;fhd fjTfis
fl;lha kPs;FbNaw;wk; jpwe;J tpLNkh
vd;Wk; gag;gLfpd;wdH.
mur jpizf;fsq;fSf;fpilNa
xUq;fpizg;G midj;ijAk;
cs;thq;fpa GdHtho;T nfhs;ifAk;
,y;yhky; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.
cjtpngWtjw;fhd chpj;Jlik
mj;jhl;rpia toq;FtJ
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; kPJ Rikahf
tpOe;Js;sJ. murpay; fl;rpfSk; kfspH mikg;Gf;fSk; Rdhkp epthuz
nray;ghLfspy; ngz;fs;kPJ fhl;lg;gLk;
ghugl;rk; Nghd;w gpur;ridfis
fz;Lk; fhzhjJ Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;
epiy epyTfpd;wJ. epthuzg;gzpfspy;
K];ypk; mikg;Gf;fs; vLj;j gq;F
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.
rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fSf;F muR
nrtpkLf;fpd;w mNjNtis mtHfsJ MNyhridfis xU NghJk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy;iy.
mur mjpfhhpfs; jkJ ngaiu
njhlu;G+lfq;fspy; njhlHe;J
jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; Njitapdhy; ce;jg;gLkhw;NghyTk;> vjpHkiw tpkHrd epiyia mq;F
jtpHg;gjw;F $ba ftdk; nrYj;JtJ
NghyTk; njd;gLfpd;wJ. Vuhskhd
murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; jkf;F
rhjfkhd njhlu;G+lhf gpugy;aj;ij
jk;kPJ Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;; MHtkha;
,Ug;gJ Nghd;Wk; cs;sJ. Ma;Tf;
fl;Liufis Kd;itj;jtHfspy; xUtH
Nguoptpdhy; %d;W tifahdtHfs;
gyd; ngw;Ws;shHfs; vd Fwpg;gpl;lhH.
KjyhtJ tifapdu; jq;ff cztf
chpikahsHfs;> ,uz;lhk; tif
apdu; thlif thfd fk;gdpfs;>
%d;whk; tifapdu; NguopTr; RwWyh
topfhl;bfshf nray;gl;L gzkPl;ba
kdr;rhl;rpNa ,y;yhj rpy cs;SH
murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;.
ahH cjtp mspg;ghHfs; ahH
mspf;fkhl;lhHfs; vd muR ,d;Wk;
,e;jpa fUj;juq;F Rdhkp gjpypWg;ig kPsha;T nra;fpwJ
cWjpaha; jPu;khdpf;f Kw;gLfpwJ.
rptpy; r%f epWtdq;fs; jkJ
gq;Nfw;ig ,d;Dk; ePl;lyhk;.
,e;jp kj;jpaju tHf;fj;jpdUk;>
,e;jpahtpy; thohj ,e;jpaHfSk;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk;;gbahd tsq;fis
toq;fp cs;sdH. Mdhy; rptpy;
r%fj;ij cd;dpg;ghf mtjhdpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; muR ,d;Dk; mt;thW
nray;gltpy;iy.
me;jkhd; epf;Nfhghhpd; cjtpfis tbtikg;gjpy; cgfz;l
kdepiy.
me;jkhd; epf;NfhghH> ,e;jpa
ngUFyj;jpypUe;J 1200 fp.kP. fpof;fhf
tlf;fpypUe;J njw;fhf gue;J 700
fp.kP J}uj;jpw;F tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk;
xU jPTf;$l;lkhFk;. Rkhj;jpuhTf;F
rkPgkhf> ,e;jpa mjpfhu gPlj;jhy;
cl;gpuNtrk; fLikahf fl;Lg;
gLj;jg;gLk; epf;NfhghH> Rdh
kpahy; kpfTk; fLikahf
ghjpg;Gw;Ws;sJld; 3000 Mjpthrpf;
Fbfs; ,we;jpUf;ff;$Lk; vdTk;
fzpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jPTfshFk;.
,j;jPTfs; cs;SH rdehaf Kiw>
rl;lkpaw;Wk; fl;likg;G Nghd;wtw;wpy;;
Fiwthf cs;sJld; ngUepyg;
gug;gpduhy; jpzpf;fg;gLk; nghUj;jkw;w
mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fSf;Fl;gLk;
epiyf;Fk; js;sg;gl;Ls;sd. El;gkhd
fiuNahu Rw;whlYf;F Vw;gl;l ghjpg;
Gf;fs;> cs;SH gpugy;aq;fshYk;
,e;jpa tpkhdg;gilahYk; fiu
Nahuf; fl;llq;fspd; fl;Lkhdj;ij
jilnra;Ak; xOq;Ftpjpfs;
kPwg;gLtjpD}lhfTk; ,d;Dkjpfkhf
Nkhrkhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. murpay;
mikg;Gf;fs; rptpy; r%fk; Mfpait
mq;F ,y;yhjjhy;> mjpfhuj; jug;ghuJ
epthuzj; Njitg;ghLfSf;fhd
gjpypWg;Gf;fs; jtpHf;f Kbahjjhf
,Ue;jJ. ,wg;Gf;fisAk; Nrjq;fisAk;
fzpg;gpl ,e;jpa muR I.ehitNah
my;yJ rHtNjr cjtpfisNah
miof;ftpy;iy. epthuz gzpfSf;F
ntspehl;L epjp cjtpfisngw
,e;jpah kWj;Jtpl;lJ. Mdhy; cs;SH
epHthfj;Jf;F epjpia mDg;Gtjw;F
,e;jpa murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fis
C;ffg;gLj;jpaJ. Iehtpd; rpWtH
epjpak; khj;jpuNk ,q;F gzpGhpa
mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU ru;tNjr
epWtdkhFk;. gpNsaH ,wq;F Jiw
apy; ,wf;Fk;NghJ jdJ nghUl;fis
ifg;gw;wpajhf rHtNjr nrQ;rpYit
rq;fk; Kiwapl;lJ. ntspehl;L epUgHfisAk; epthuz gzpahHfisAk;
gpNsaH ,wq;FJiwf;Fs; khj;jpuNk
nray;gl tiuaiw nra;jJld;
jPTfSf;Fs; nry;tjw;fhd mDkjpia
toq;f kWj;jJ.
cs;SH r%fq;fSldhd
fye;jhNyhrid nra;jy; rptpy;
epHthfj;Jld; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f
,izT vd;gd ,y;yhj epiy
apy; epthuz GdHtho;T gzpfis ,e;jpa ghJfhg;G gilNa
Kd;ndLf;fpd;wJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;.
cs;SH kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs;> Njitfs; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gly; vd;gJk;>
mtHfsJ QhdKk; mDgtKk;
kjpf;fg;gLjy; vd;gJk; [PtjhukhdJ.
cjhuzkhf epf;NfhghH jPT kPdtHfs;
Rdhkpf;F gpd;dhd fhyg;gFjpapy;
ngUepyg;gug;gpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;L
toq;fg;gl;l> jkf;Fg; nghUe;jhf kPd;gpb
cgfuzq;fis Vw;f kWj;Js;shHfs;.
Nguoptpd; tpisthf jPTfspy;
cs;s kPd;gpbr; rKjhak; ngUk;
ghjpg;Gs;shdjhf njhpfpwJ. rJg;G
epyf; fhLfs; ntl;l ntspahfpAs;sd.
gtog;ghiwfSk; ghjpg;gile;Js;sd.
jPTfspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy;
jw;NghJ 12% khfTs;s goq;Fb
r%fq;fSf;Fk; ntspahUf;Fkpilapy;
xU ghhpa ,dKuz;ghL Vw;gLk;
mghaKk; cs;sJ.
fw;w ghlq;fs;
epthuzg;gzpfspd; kl;by; vjpUk;
GjpUkhfTs;s muR> rptpy; r%fk;
kw;Wk; Vida r%fq;fspd; ghj;jpuk;
gw;wp kPsTk; rpe;jpf;f Ntz;ba mtru
Njitia Rdhkp Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;b
cs;sJ. Ma;Tf; fl;Liufspd;
Kd;itg;G muq;fj;jpypUe;J
ntspg;gl;l gpujhdkhd nfhs;ifrhH
ghpe;Jiufshtd.
 epthuz epWtdq;fspilNa
gykhd xUq;fpizTk;> Nguoptpd;
jhf;fq;fs;> ghjpg;Gw;Nwhhpd; Njitfs; gw;wpa jfty; ghpkhw;wKk;
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
 ghjpg;Gw;w r%fq;fSf;fhd
tpdpNahfj;ij
ikakhff;nfhs;shky; mtHfsJ
Njitfis ikakhff; nfhz;L
,af;fg;gLtjhf epthuzk;
mikaNtz;Lk;.
 Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
r%fq;fs; jkf;F vj;jifa epthuzk; nghUj;jkhdJ vd;gij
jPHkhdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. gQ;rhj;Jf;fs;
NguopTfSf;F gjpypWg;gjpYk;
Maj;jk; nra;tjpYk; nghpa
ghj;jpuj;ij tfpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 epthuz GdUj;jhud gzpfspd;
rfy mk;rq;fspYk; ngz;fspd;
FuYf;F Kd;Dhpik nfhLf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
 epthuz gzpfspy; rhjp> rka>
ghy; epiy. nghUshjhu me;j];J
epiy ghugl;rq;fs; cupaKiwapy;
ifahsg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.
 me;jkhd; epf;NfhghH jPTfspd; tpNrl Fzhjpraq;fs;
ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 NguopTf;Fg; gpd;dhd tsq;fis
vt;thW gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdH vd;gJ
gw;wpa xopT kiwtw;w jd;ikia
mur epWtdq;fs; ntspg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.
 GdHtho;itj; jpl;lkpLgtHfs;
mur epy nfhs;iffisAk; fpuhk
nghUshjhu Kaw;rpfisAk;
fz;fhzpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Nghyh ghdH[p: FMR ,d; MrphpaH gpl
MNyhrfH rig cWg;gpdUk; kfhepHghd; fy;fj;jh Ma;T FOtpd; Ma;T
xUq;fpizg;ghsUkhtH www.mcrg.ac.in
kpd; mQ;ry; [email protected]
rg;ahrhr;rp ghR uha; irsj;hp : MCRG
,d; cWg;gpdUk;> nfhy;nfhj;jh utpe;jpu
ghujp gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; murpay;
tpQ;Qhd gPlj;jpd; Mrphp aUkhthH.
kpd;dQ;ry;: [email protected]
Kd;itg;G muq;fj;jpd; KO mwpf;ifAk;
gpd;tUk; ,izaj;jsj;jpy; cs;sd:
www.mcrg.ac.in/tsunami.htm
1.Kd;itg;G muq;f Ngr;rhusHfs;: fhaj;hp Y}apy;
(gPg;gps; NthHr; - jkpo;ehL) gpk;yh re;jpuNrfH (vf;jh
Nrh]; nrd; Nah-ypkd;- jkpo;ehL) K.M. ghpNtyd;
(jkpo;ehL> nrd;id UNHCR mYtyfj;jpy; gzpGhpAk; kdpj Nea MHtyH) guj; Ffh (Child in
Need Institute, Kolkata www.ciniindia.org); rkpu; Mr;rhu;ah (Society for
Andaman and Nicobar Ecology www.
andaman.org/book/Sane/sanetext.htm)
Rigu; ngst;kpf; (CRG member, and BBC
employee).
43
44
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah
jkpo;ehl;by; gytPdkhd> FOf;fSf;fhd
xU Fuy;
nkf]; khHl;bd;
,e;jpa khepyq;fspy; xd;whd jkpo;ehl;by;> gytPdkhd mNjNtis ,yFthf
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiyapYs;s mNdf kf;fs; Rdhkpf;Fj; jkJ tPLfisAk;>
[PtNdhghaj;ijAk; ghlrhiy nry;tjw;fhd trjpfisAk; ,oe;jdH. Vw;fdNt
Xuk;fl;lg;gl;Ls;s ,j;jifa jug;gpdUf;Fhpa cjtpfs; mtHfsJ Fwpj;j
Njitfspd; kl;by; czHjF epiy nghUe;jpajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
k
hhpak;khs; trpj;j rpwpa fpukj;ij
Rdhkp jhf;fpa NghJ jdJ
fl;Lkuj;ijAk; tiyfisAk; ,oe;jhs;.
,Ush Fyf; Fbfisf; nfhz;l
mts; fpuhkk;> tq;fhs tphpFlhTf;Fk;>
60 fp.kP tlf;fhf nrd;id jiyef
hpy; mike;Js;s Gspfl; thtpf;Fk;
,ilapy; cs;s xU rpwpa epyg;gug;gpy;
mike;Js;sJ. Mjpthrp> my;yJ
jypj; my;yJ jPz;lj;jfhNjhH vd
miof;fg;gl;l ,e;j r%fq;fspy; ,Ue;J
xUtH $l flYf;fUfhikapy; neUq;;f
tplhky;> ,tu;fsJ Fyf;Fbfisr;
Nruhj kPdtHfs; ghuk;ghpakhf
ghJfhg;ghff; $bf; nfhz;L jLj;jdH.
,uz;L tUlq;fSf;F Kd; rpy ,Ush
Fyj;jtH ,e;jj; jilf;F rthy;
tpl;L flYf;F kPd;gpbf;f nrd;wNtis
Vw;gl;l NkhjyhdJ ,U capHfisf;
fhTnfhz;lJ. “vkJ Ml;fs; jhk;
flypy; kPd;gpbf;f khl;Nlhk; vd khtl;l
mYtyfHfS;fF cWjpnkhop nfhLf;f
Ntz;bapUe;jJ” vd khpak;khs; $wpdhH.
ngz;fs; ,q;F ghuk;ghpakhff;
fliy mz;ba ePNuhpapy; ,uhy;>
thtp ez;L> rpW kPd;fs;> kl;b
kw;Wk; $dp Nghd;wtw;iw gpbg;gJ
tof;fk;. khhpak;khspd; fpuhkj;jpy;> 40
fl;Lkuq;fs; ,Ue;jd. mtw;wpy; 28
ngz;fSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhdit. mNdfkhf midj;Jf; fl;Lkuq;fSk; Rdhkp
apy; mope;J rpije;J Nghapd.
khhpak;khs; ,g;NghJ cs;SH
jpUr;rignahd;wpy; jUk
Nritapd;%yk; tho;e;jhYk; mts; XH
cs;SH mur rhHgw;w epWtdnkhd;wpy;
rpW Nrkpg;Gf; fld; jpl;l FOnthd;wpy;
nrayhsuhf cs;sJld; jdJ
fpuhkj;jpd; [PtNdhghaj;ij kPs
Tk; cap&l;b cjtj;jf;f ,Nj
khjphpahd Kd;ndLg;Gf;fs; ,Uf;f
Ntz;LnkdTk; tpUk;Gfpwhs;. mj;Jld;
mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;
Vida mikg;Gf;fs; toq;Fk; cjtpfs;
ngz;fspd; Njitfis jPHf;fty;yJ
vd;Wk; mts; ek;Gfpd;whs;. toikahfNt kPd;gpb cgfuzq;fSk;
tiyfSk; Mz;fSf;F khj;jpuNk
toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. fliy mz;ba
ePNuhpiaf; fle;J murrhHgw;w
epWtdq;fs; kPdt r%fq;fSf;F
cjTk; Kfkhfr; nry;fpd;wdH.
Mdhy; mtHfs; ,e;jg; goq;Fb
kf;fspd; FbapUg;Gf;fisNah my;yJ
mUfpy; cs;s jypj; r%fj;ijNah
flg;gjpy;iy.
jkpo;ehl;bd; fiuNahuk; neLfpYk;
cs;s fly; tsj;ij rpy rhjpr;
r%fq;fspd; Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk;
gad;gLj;Jjy; kWf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jypj;Jf;fspdJk; goq;Fb kf;fsJk;
ghj;jpukhdJ kPd;gpbr; r%fq;fspd;
kl;by; cjTtJ khj;jpuNk. mtHfsJ
kPd;gpb cgfuzq;isj; Jg;guT nra;J
guhkhpj;jy;> kPd;fis Vw;Wjy;> nfhz;L
nry;Yjy;> tpw;wy;> kPd;gpb thb fl;Ljy;
kw;Wk; mtw;iw Rj;jk; nra;jy; Nghd;w
NtiyfisNa nra;fpd;wdH. mtHf-
sJ [PtNdhghaj;ij capHgpf;Fk;
murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fspd; cjtpfs;$l
,d;Wk; mtHfSf;F ghuk;ghpakhf
xJf;fg;gl;l ,opthd ghj;jpuq;fshNyNa
jPHkhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kPd;gpbapy;
<Lgl;Ls;s khhpak;khs; Nghd;w
ngz;fs;> ngz;fsha; ,Ug;gjdhYk;
xJf;fpitf;fg;gl;Ls;s xU r%fj;ijr;
NrHe;jth;fs; vd;gjdhYk; ,ul;ilg;
ghugl;rj;Jf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fpd;wdH.
tPjpfspy; trpj;jy;
xU FspHr;rpahd ,lj;Jf;fhd
Njlypy;
,e;jpahtpd; njd;Kidapy; cs;s
fd;dpahFkhhp khtl;lj;jpd; Kj;jk;
vDk; fpuhkj;jpy;> 4 gps;isfspd;
jhahd Nkhp> mq;F xU cs;@H
murrhHgw;w epWtdj;jhy; mikf;fg;gl;l
24 jw;fhypf ,Ug;gplq;fspy; xd;wpy;
trpf;fpwhH. Nfhil mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f
ntg;gKk;> GOf;fKk; jw;fhypf tPl;bd;
nrsfhpaj;ij ,y;yhky; nra;fpd;wd.
Nkhp jw;fhypf tPl;Lf;F ntspNaNa jdJ Neuj;ij nrytpLfpwhs;.
Mz;fs;> ngz;fs;> Foe;ijfs; vd;W
midtUNk ,utpy; tPl;Lf;F ntspNa
jpwe;jntspapNy cwq;FfpNwhk; vd
Nkhp $wpdhH. khiyapYk;> ,utpYk;
rhpahd ntg;gk; vd;gjdhy; ,t;tPl;by;
,utpy; jq;fitf;fhJ vdJ filrp
2 taJ kfis njhpe;j maytH
tPl;bNyNa jq;fitf;fpd;Nwd; vd;Wk;
$wpdhH.
nrd;idapd; ,aw;ifkpF khpdh
flw;fiuf;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk; tPjpapd;
eilghij xt;nthU ehSk; #hpa
nghJthf NtW Ntiy vjw;Fk;
m];jkdj;jpy; capHngWfpwJ. ,uz;L
nry;tjw;F ,ayhj epiyapy; Mz;fs;
kpd;tpsf;Ff; fk;gq;fSf;fpilapy;
Rw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisfspy; Nkhp
cs;s eilghijapy; jdJ FLk;gj;jpd;
ntspapy; jdJ Neuj;ij nrytpLtjw;F
jpwe;jntsp ,y;yj;jpy;
,sk;
tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. jdpegHfspd;
fpwp];z%Hj;jp jdJ ghlg;Gj;jfq;fis
me;juq;fj; jd;ik ghJfhf;fKbahj
gug;gp itj;jpUg;gij xUtH fhzxU epiy ,Ue;jNghJk; mJ gw;wp
Kb Ak;. fle;j ,uz;L khj
mts; KiwaplKay;tjpy;iy. jpd
fhykhf gl;bdghf;fk; vd;Dkplj;jpy;
Kk; jdJ Foe;ijia maytH
500f;Fkjpfkhd FLk;gq;fs; RdhktPl;Lf;F vLj;Jr; nry;tJ mtSf;F
papy; ,lk;ngaHe;J
FbapUg;Gf;fs;
Fiwe;j gl;r ngWkhdk; gw;wpa Nfhupf;if$l
,d;wp gugug;ghd
cjhrPdk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
tPjpf;fUfpy;
tho;e;jdH.
kpfTk; mtkhdkhd tpilak;.
flw;fiuapy; mtHfsJ tPl;bd; rpij
,tw;iwnay;yhk;tpl NkhrkhdJ>
Tfis fhzyhk;. jw;nrayhf Nrjj;ij
,utpy; kpjkpQ;rpa ntg;gKk; GOf;fKk;
kjpg;gpl mjp fhupfs; te;jhy; tPl;ilf;
cz;lhfpd;w Ntis> mtHfs; nghJ
fhl;Ltjw;F rpy jbfSk; fapWfSk;
,lq;fspy; epj;jpiu nra;a Ntz;b
vy;iyfshf Nghlg;gl;Ls;sd. tPjpNahu
,Ug;gNj. jhH G+rg;gl;l jw;fhypf
eilghijapy; tho;e;jtHfspy; miu
tPLfs; ntg;gj;ij njhlHe;J
thrpf; FLk;gq;fs; 12 fp.kPf;F mg;ghy;
jf;fitg;gJld; kpff; Fiwthd
cs;s jw;fhypf ,Ug;gplq;fSf;Fr;
fhw;Nwhl;l trjpfisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd.
nrd;wNghjpYk; fpwp];z%u;j;jpapd;
ghukw;w $iuj;jfLfisg; gwf;ftplhky;
FLk;gk; njhlHe;J ,t;tPLfspy;
$iu kPJ Nghlg;gl;Ls;s fWg;G
thoNt tpUk;gpdH. f];lkhdhYk;
gpsh];bf; jLg;Gf;fs;> ,d;Dkjpfkhf
mtd; gbg;ghd; vd;W ehk; cWjpahff;
mt;tPLfis #lhf;Ffpd;wd.
$WNthk; vd;W fpwp];z%Hj;jpapd;
kpjkpQ;rpa ntg;gepiyapd; epkpj;jk;
jhahH ghD $wpdhH. jkf;F
ngz;fs; jkJ rikaiyg; ngKjypy; xU jw;fhypf tPLk; gpd;dH
hJj; jpwe;j ntspfspNyh my;yJ
xU epue;ju tPLk; fpilf;Fk;
,d;DnkhUthpd; rikayiwiag;
vd;W ek;Gfpd;wdH. GdHtho;T
gq;FNghl;Nlh Kbj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; ,lk;ngaHe;j
epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;Ls;sdH.
rpWtHfspd; fy;tpj; Njitfisf;
jw;fhypf tPLfis kpftpiuthf
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;stpy;iy.
Kiwahf
mikf;Fk;Ntis> Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs;
kPs;FbNaw;wk; nra;ag;glhjtHfsJ
kPJ jhf;fj;ijr; nrYj;jty;y>
fy;tpf;fhd ghpfhukhf khw;W topfs;>
nrsfhpak; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj
ghlrhiyfs;> mjw;fhd ,lq;fs;
me;juq;fk; rhu;e;j Mff;Fiwe;jsTg;
gw;wp ,g;NghJjhd; fye;Jiuahlg;gl;L
gpukhzq;fs;;> ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;glhky;
tUfpd;wd.
tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy epWtdq;fs;
,j;jifa tPLfSf;F kpd; tprpwp,uz;L khjj;Jf;Fg; gpwF tPjp
fspy; ,Ue;J mNdfkhf midj;Jf;
fisj; jUtjhf thf;FWjp mspj;jd.
FLk;gq;fSk; njhiytpy; jw;fhypf
Mdhy; ,j;jifa neUf;fkhd
tjptplq;fSf;F khw;wg;gl;ld.
fl;Lkhdq;fSf;Fs; kpd; tprpwp
,f;fl;Liu vOjg;gLk; Mdp khjj;jpd;
fs; ntg;gkhd fhw;iw khj;jpuNk
Muk;gj;jpy;> mtHfs; ntg;gj;jpy;>
juf;$baitahf ,Uf;Fk;.
GOf;fk; kpf;f kiwg;Gf;fspy; Nghjpa
fl;llg; nghUl;fis njhptjpy; mur
jz;zPH trjpapd;wp> kpfNkhrkhd
xg;ge;jf;fhuHfs; rpyhpd; Kiwfis
kyry$l trjpfSld; mq;F
gpd;gw;wpaJ> jkJ gpio vd;gij
tho;fpd;wdH. Nfhil kio fhyj;jpy;
,g;NghJ mur rhh;gw;w epWtdq;fs;
Kfhkpy; nts;sk; gpbj;jJ. ,d;DnkhU
czuj;njhlq;fp cs;sd. “mtHfs;
khjj;jpd;gpd; gUtfhy kioapy;
vij $wpdNuh mijNa nra;Njhk;”
,d;Dkjpfkhd nts;sk; Vw;gLk;. muRk;
“ehk; mijj; jpUj;j Ntz;Lk;”
murrhHgw;w epWtdq;fSk; mtHfis
kPz;Lk; mq;fpUe;J ,d;DnkhU ey;y
vd “mf;]d; va;l; ,e;jpah” vDk;
epWtdj;jpd; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;l mjpfhhp
,lj;Jf;F efHj;jj; jpl;lkpLfpd;wdH.
$wpdhH.
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah
Max Martin
,yF $iuj;jfLfis ngw ehk;
Nfushtpd; mud;Fsk; vd;Dkplj;Jf;F
jiutopapy; 6 kzpj;jpahsq;fs;
nrytpl;Lr; nry;y Ntz;bapUe;jJ
vd r%f fy;tpAk; mgptpUj;jpAk;
vDk; cs;SH epWtdj;jpd;
,af;FdH fpwpw;w]; cghyl; $wpdhH.
“njd;Ndhiy my;yJ gid Xiy
fs; Nghd;w cs;SH %yg;nghUl;fis
itj;J rpW Xiyf; nfhl;liffis
mikj;J cs;SH Ntiy tha;g;ig
ehk; mjpfhpj;jpUf;fyhk; vd epW
td gpujpepjpfs; $wpdH. mj;Jld;
khtl;l mYtyHfs; ghuk;ghpa Xiy
tPl;Lf;fl;;likg;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;Jtij
jLj;jjhfTk;> XUrpy tUlq;fSf;F
Kjy; Xiyf; nfhl;liffspy; Vw;gl;l
jP tpgj;jpy; Vuhskhd
rpWtHfs;
nfhy;yg;gl;lJ ,d;Dk; khwhj
kdf;fhaq;fshf cs;sikNa ,jw;F
fhuzk; vd;Wk; $wpdhH.
indiadisasters.org1 vDk; ,izaj;jsk;
jw;fhypf tPLfis “mtz;”
#lhf;fp ntJg;gpf;F xg;gpl;L fl;Liu
tbj;jpUj;jJ. ,d;lgpu]; Nrtp]; (IPS)2
$l ,j; jw;fhypf nfhl;by;fis
“irsdh” #lhf;fpf;F xg;gpl;L
,g;gpur;ridia Mtzg;gLj;jpapUe;jdH.
ntg;gj;Jf;Fj; jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk;
fyrq;fs;> rpwe;j fhw;Nwhl;l
El;g rhjdq;fs; Nghd;w rpwe;j
njhopy; El;gj; jPHTfs; fpilf;ff;$ba
,f;fhyg;gFjpapy; ,j; jw;fhypf
jkpo;ehl;by; gytPdkhd> FOf;fSf;fhd xU Fuy;
tPLfSf;Fs; ngz;fSf;fhd xU jdp
,lk; vDk; gpur;rid tpidj;jpwDld;
,d;Wk; mZfg;glhjjhfNt cs;sJ.
Mf kpfTk; mDgtk; tha;e;j
epWtdq;fNs rikay;> Fspay;> cLg;G
ryit nra;jy; Nghd;w tpilaq;fSf;F
ngz;fSf;Fj; jdpahd ,lq;fis
toq;Ffpd;wd. xf;];ghk; epWtdk;
FspHr;rpahd Xiy tPLfis $lY}hpy;
,j;jifa nraw;ghLfSf;nfd
jdpahd ,lq;fis xJf;fPL
nra;J fl;bf; nfhLj;Js;sJ.
NfhNla;l; epWtd cjtpahy;
mikf;fg;gl;l tPLfs; taJ te;j
ngz;fSf;fhd gpuj;jpNaf miwia
nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ. nghUj;jg;ghLk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhfTk;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lkhapd; tPLfs;
mikf;fg;gLk;NghNj nrsfhp
ak; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj me;juq;fk;
rhHe;j Njitg;ghLfs;kPJ
Mff;Fiwe;jstpNyDk; ftdk;
nrYj;jg;gLtJld; jpl;lkplYk;
mtrpak;.
KbTiu
NguopTf;Fg; gpd;dhd fhyj;jpy; r%
ff; fyhrhu clypay;rhH fhuzp
fs;> ngz;fisAk; rpWtHfisAk;
Fwpg;ghf taJ te;j ngz;fisAk;>
vjpHkiwr; Rfhjhug; ghjpg;Gf;fSf;Fk;
td;Kiwf;Fk; kpfNkhrkhd Kiw
apy;> mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLgtHfshf
45
Mf;fptpLfpd;wd. NghJkhd tPl;L
trjp ,d;ik ,tHfis ,d;Dk;
mjpfkhd mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLgtHfshf
khw;wp tpLfpwJ. ghuk;ghpaj;
njd;dhrpa r%ftpaypy; ngz;fs;
ghJfhg;ghd Kiwapy; cjtpfisg; ngwTk; jkJ Njitfis
ntspNa njhpag;gLj;jTk; ,ayhj
tHfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. rpWtHfSf;F
fy;tpia kWjypj;jy; vd;gJ vjpHfhyr; re;jjpia ,d;Dkjpfkhf
mghaj;Jf;Fl;glgtHfshf khw;Wk;.
,j;jifa gpur;ridfs; midj;ijAk;
ifahs;tjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
NguopTf;fhd gjpypWg;G mZFKiw
Ak;> ghy;epiyj; jd;ikapd; kl;bYk;
ngz;fs; rpWtHfspd; Fwpg;gpl;l Njitfspy; kl;bYk; czHjF jd;ik
nfhz;ljhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
cjtp toq;Fk; tpilaq;fSld;
njhlHGgl;ltHfs; cs;SH #o;epiy
kl;by; njspthd Ghpe;JzHit
nfhz;bUg;gJld;> r%fj;jpd; vy;yh
jug;gpduJk; Fwpg;ghd Njitfisf;
ftdj;jpw; nfhs;s Ntz;baJ mtrpak;
kf;]; khl;bd; (mfjpfs; fw;if
ikaj;jpd; Kd;dhy; khztH) ,tH
ngq;fSiuj; jskhff; nfhz;ltH
www.indiadisasters.org kpd; mQ;ry;
[email protected]
1. www.indiadisasters.org
2. www.ips.org/
,e;jpahtpd;
njd;Kid
fd;ahf;Fkup
khtl;lj;jpy;
jw;fhypf
trpg;gplq;fs;
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah
gjpypWg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;kpF tpisTj; jhf;fk;:
ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; vz;zq;fs;
mdp];ah Njhk];> tpkyh ,uhkypq;fk;
“Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd jkJ eltbf;iffis jd;dhHtj;
njhz;lH; epWtdq;fs; kPsha;T nra;Ak;Ntis> xU
rpy kPsha;TfNs gd;Kfg; ghq;fhd epWtdq;fis
cs;thq;Ffpd;wd. kWKidapy; kPl;G kw;Wk; epthuz cjtpfisg; ngWgtHfs; gad;ngWgth;fspd; ghH;itiaf; fzpg;gPL
nra;tJ ,d;Dk; mupjhfNt cs;sJ.”
gp
wpl;]; epiyaj;jhy;
Rdhkp ghjpg;Gf;Fl;gl;l
,yq;if> ,e;jpahtpy; nra;ag;gl;l
mz;ikfhy fzpg;ghdJ cjtp
fspd; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f tpisTj;
jhf;fk; gw;wpa gad; ngWgth;fspd;
ghHitia Muha;e;jwpe;Js;sJ.
,yq;ifapy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fs; jhk;
ngw;w cjtp fspd; kl;by; nfhz;Ls;s
ghH;itf; Nfhzq;fisf; fhl;bYk;
,e;jpahtpy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd;
ghHitf;Nfhzq;fs; cjtpfspd; kl;by;
NeH;jd;ikAld; ,Ug;gjhfNt Muk;gf;
fzpg;Gfs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
,yq;ifAk; ,e;jpahTk; cjtp
gw;wpa tpj;jpahrkhd fijfisf;
nfhz;bUe;jd. Vw;fdNt jkJ cs;SH
gq;fhsp epWtdq;fisNah my;yJ
Neubahd nray; jpl;lj;jpNyh <Lgl;L
gpurd;dkhapuhj rHtNjr kdpj Nea
epWtdq;fSf;Nfh ,e;jpah cj;jpNahf
g+H;tkhf jdJ fjit %baJ.
,e;jpa kj;jpa muR> khdpy muRfs;>
mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs;> rH;tNjr
epWtdq;fs;> jdpahH; $l;Lj;jhgdq;fs;
kw;Wk; ,uhZtk; Mfpatw;wpd; epthu
zg; nghUl;fs; ahTk; murpdhNyNa
xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;ld. ,yq;ifapy;
rH;tNjr> Njrpa> gpuhe;jpa> mur rhHgw;w
epWtdq;fspd; iffspy; Rdhkpahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; ,yF gad;ghl;Lg;
nghUl;fshf ifaspf;fg;gl;ldh;.
(murpay; uPjpapy; czH;jF epiy $ba
tlfpof;F ,jw;F tpjptpyf;F) Vuhskhd ngupa mDgtk;kpf;f mur rhHgw;w
epWtdq;fspd; gq;Nfw;gpUe;j Nghjp
Yk; ,yq;ifapy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;F
toq;fg;gl;l cjtpfs; jpUg;jpfukhf
mikatpy;iy vd;w ghH;itNa
cs;sJ. ,j;jifa tpj;jpahrkhd
ghHitf; Nfhzq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy;
cs;s rhj;jpakhd fhuzq;fis
fzpg;gPl;lwpjyhdJ rpy tpdhf;fis
vOg;GfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk;
xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l ,izg;G>
xOq;fikg;G kw;Wk; ,yq;ifapy;
fhzg;gLk; Kiwrhuh ,Wf;fkw;w
xOq;fikg;G vd ,U NtWgl;l
mgpg;gpuhaq;fspd; kl;by; cjtpfspd;
tpj;jpahrkhd jhf;fj;jpwd; vj;jifaJ
vd;gijg;gw;wpNa mt;tpdhf;fs;
vOfpd;wd.
fzpg;gPl;by; fye;J nfhz;l
gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;> xd;wpy; Rdhkpf;Fg;
gpd;dhd cjtpfis ngWgtH;fshf
my;yJ Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;W jkJ
FLk;g cWg;gpdHfis ,oe;j tsHe;j
FLk;g cWg;gpdHfshf ,Ue;jdH.
Ngudu;j;jj;jpdhy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd;
gy;NtW jug;gpdiuAk; gpujpepjpj;Jtg;
gLj;Jgtu;fshfTk; gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;
fhzg;gl;ldH;. ,e;jpahtpy; 12
khtl;lq;fspy; Kjypy; 100 fpuhkq;fspy;
,Ue;J 800 NgUk; ,yq;ifapy; 97
fpuhkq;fisr; NrHe;j 600 NgUk; fye;J
nfhz;bUe;jdH;. mtHfspy; ,e;jpahtpy;
93% khdtH;fSk; ,yq;ifapy;
58% khdtH;fSk; kPd;gpbj;Jiwia
rhHe;jtH;fshf ,Ue;jdH;. xt;nthU
ghjpg;Gw;w FLk;gj;jpYk;> xU tou;e;j
cWg;gpdH gpujhdkhd gjpypWg;ghsuhf
nray;gl VidatH;fs; mjw;F
gq;fspg;G nra;a Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH.
,yq;if ,e;jpah Mfpa ,U ehLfsp
YNk ngUk;ghd;ik gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;
ngz;fshf ,Ue;jdH;. jpwe;j tpdhf;fs;
%ykhf> gapw;wg;gl;l NeH;Kfk;
fhz;gtHfspd; xU FOthy;> cs;SH
nkhopapy; NeH;Kfk; fhzYf;$lhf
juTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld.
tpj;jpahrq;fs; ,Ug;gij fhl;Lfpd;wd.
fzpg;gpy; Fwpg;gpl;l kPl;G> ,we;jtH;fis
,dq;fz;L Gijj;jy;> fopTfis
Rj;jk; nra;jy;> kUj;Jt Nrit>
ghJfhg;ghd ,lq;fspd; ,Uj;Jjy;
cs;slq;fyhd 11 tif cjtp
fs; rhHghf xg;gPl;by; ,yq;ifAld;
Nehf;Fifapy; jhk; ngw;wpUe;jjhfNt
ngUk;ghyhd ,e;jpa kf;fs; $wpdH;.
,e;jpahtpy; 49% khdtHfSf;F
Kjy; ,U ehl;fSf;Fs;Sk; VNjh
xU tifapy; kPs; jq;Fkpl trjpfs;
mikg;gjw;F cjtp mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mdhy; ,yq;ifapNyh mJTk; kpfTk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ehl;by; 3% khj;jpuk;
fhzg;gl;lJ. FbePH tpepNahfj;jpd;
kl;by; 15% khf cs;s ,yq;ifAld;
xg;gpLifapy; ,e;jpahtpy; 35%
khdtHfs; gad; mile;Js;sdH.
,e;jpahtpy; 66% gjpypWg;ghsHfs;
mtrufhy kUj;Jt rpfpr;ir
ngw;Ws;sdH;. ,yq;ifapNyh 33%
khdtH;fNs ngw;Ws;sdH;.
Kjy; 48 kzpj;jpahyq;fs;
Rdhkp Vw;gl;L Kjy; 48
kzpj;jpahyq;fspd;NghJ fhzg;gl;l
tplaq;fs;> ghH;itf; Nfhzq;fs;
kw;Wk; kdg;gjpTfs; gw;wp NeH
Kfk; fhz;gtHfs; Kjypy; tpdtpdH;.
,e;jpahtpy; 48% khd gjpypWg;ghsH;fs;
khj;jpuNk jhk; kPl;Gjtpfis ngw;wjhf
$wpdH. ,yq;ifapNyh mJ 31%
khf Fiwe;J fhzg;gl;lJ. “,q;F
vk;ikj; Njb xUtUk; tutpy;iy …….
ehq;fs; vy;NyhUNk xUtUf;nfhUtH;
cjtp nra;aNth my;yJ cldbahf
vkJ vjpH;tpidia ntspg;gLj;jNth
KbahjsTf;F ghupa mjpHr;rpf;Fs;shfp
,Ue;Njhk;” vd xU ,e;jpa kPdtg;
ngz; $wpdhH;. kPl;G Kaw;rpfspd;
gad; kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwd;$l
Nfs;tpf;Fl;gl;lNj. “jdp egHfshf
VuhskhNdhH; may; fpuhkq;fspy;
,Ue;J XNlhbte;jdH. Mdhy; mtHfs;
ngupjhf VJk; nra;a Kbatpy;iy”
vd ,d;DnkhU gjpypWg;ghsH; $wpdhH;. kPl;G Kaw;rpfspYk; cldb
epthuzk; toq;fpajpYk; mjpfk;
gq;fspg;G nra;jtHfs; maytH;fSk;
gapw;rp ngwhj cs;SH; jd;dhH;tj;
njhz;lHfSNk vd mwpf;iffSk;
fs NeH;Kfk; fhzy;fSk;
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
Kjy; 48 kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fs;
fpilj;j cjtpfspd; tiffs; rhH
ghd gjpypWg;Gf;fs; ,yq;iff;Fk;
,e;jpahTf;Fkpilapy; kpff; Fwpg;ghd
Peter Høvring/DanChurchAid/ACT International
46
FMR Rdhkp – ,e;jpah
gjpypWg;gpd; tpidj;jpwd;kpF tpisTj; jhf;fk;: ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fspd; vz;zq;fs; 47
ntt;NtW tifahd cjtpfs;
nrd;wile;j Ntfj;jpy; Kuz;ghLfSk;
tpj;jpahrq;fSk; ,Ue;jd. ,e;jpahtpy;
15% khdtH;fSk; ,yq;ifapy;
8% khdtH;fSk; khj;jpuNk jkJ
fhzhkw;Nghd cwtpdH;fis NjLk;
Kfkhf rpijTfis mfw;Wk; Jg;guT
gzpfs; ,lk;ngw;wjhf $wpdH;. kWjiy
ahf Nehf;fpd;> czT ,e;jpahtpy;
90% khdtHfisAk; 78% khdtHfis
,yq;ifapYk; 48 kzpj;jpahyj;Jf;Fs;
nrd;wile;Js;sJ. cz;ikapy;> rpy
jUzq;fspy; kpjkpQ;rpa czTfs;
nrd;wile;jJKz;L. xU ,e;jpa
gjpypWg;ghsH; “midj;J tif rikj;j
czTfSk; vk;ik te;jile;jJld;
mit kpjkpQ;rpAk; fhzg;gl;ld” vdf;
$wpdhH;.
Muk;g toq;FdH;fspd;
tpguf;Fwpg;Gf;fspy; xU jj;&gkhd
NtWghL ,Ue;jJ. Kjy; 48
kzpj;jpahyq;fspy; fpl;lj;jl;l 36%
khd ,e;jpa gjpypWg;ghsHfSf;F
cs;SH mur rhHgw;w ,af;fj;jpd;
VNjh tifahd cjtpfs;
fpilj;Js;sJld; ,yq;ifapNyh 4%
khdtHfSf;Nf fpilj;Js;sd vd;gij
gjpypWg;gtHfspD}lhf mwpag;gl;lJ.
,e;jpahtpy; cs;SH mur epHthfk;
Fwpg;ghf jkpo; ehl;by; jkJ nfhs;jF
jpwDf;F Nkyhf nraw;gl;ldH;. “ehNkh
my;yJ khtl;l epHthf mYtyfH;fNsh
epj;jpiu nra;atpy;iy” vd
capHgpioj;Njhupy; xUtH; Fwpg;gpl;lJ
,jw;F cjhuzk;. ,e;jpahtpy;
miuthrpf;Fkjpfkhd gjpypWg;ghsHfs;>
jhk; mur rhu;gw;w epWtdq;fshYk;>
r%f epWtdq;fshYk;
12% MAjg;gilfshYk;
cjtpaspf;fg;gl;ljhff; $wpdu;.
,yq;ifapNyh MAjg;gilfs;
gjpypWg;ghsHfspy; 39%jpdUf;F
cjtptoq;fpAs;sdu;. mur rhu;gw;w
epWtdq;fs; ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs;
toq;fpa cjtpfis 39% khd
gjpypWg;ghsHfs; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.
,yq;if murpd; cjtpfis 4% khd
gjpypWg;ghsHfNs cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;sdu;.
‘,itnay;yhk; ,lk;ngw;wNghJ muR
vq;Nf NghapUe;jJ? midj;JNk
jhWkhW’ vd capu;gpioj;Njhu;
fUj;Jj;njuptpj;jdu;.
ePz;lfhy cjtp
ePz;lfhy mbg;gilapy; cjtp
ehk; Nkyjpfkhf Kjy; 60
ehl;fSf;fpilapyhd epthuz
Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp tha;nkhopf;
fUj;Jf;fisf;Nfl;Nlhk;. ,yq;if
,e;jpah ,uz;bYNk>NeH;Kfk;
fhzg;gl;l miuthrpg;Ngu; mzT
tpdpNahfk; ruhrup juj;Jf;F
Nkyhf ,Ue;jjhfTk;> mz;zsthf
40%khdtu;fs; jhk; czit ngWk;
Njit Vw;gl;ljd; epkpj;jKk; czT
gfpug;gl;l tpjj;jpYk; mtkhd
czu;Tf;Fl;gl;ljhff; $wpdu;. ‘rpyNt
isfspy; czT gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;l
kw;Wk; xUq;fikf;fg;gl;l Kiwfsp
dhy; jhk; gpr;irf;fhuu; Mfptpl;l
czu;T Vw;gl;lnjd xU gjpypWg;ghsH
$wpdhu;. ,e;jpahtpy; epthuzk; rhu;e;j
midj;J mk;rq;fspYk; toptlj;Jk;
gq;fpid muR vLf;f ,yq;ifapNyh
mjid ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs; nra;jd.
,e;jpahtpy; jdpahu; Jiw Fwpg;glj;jf;f
toikf;Fkhwhd cupaghj;jpuk; jhq;fp
nray;gl;lJ Nghd;W njd;gLfpwJ.
,q;F Kd;itf;fg;gl;l Muk;g
KbTfs; ngw;w gjpypWg;Gf;fisf;
fhl;bYk; Nkyjpfkhd tpdhf;fisNa
njhLj;Js;sd. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
mit cg tpisTj;jhf;fk;
kw;Wk; fw;Wf;nfhz;l ghlq;fspy;
Kd;Ndw;wk; vd;gdtw;wpd; kl;by;
fzpg;gPLfspy; ghjpg;Gw;wtu;fSk;
cs;thq;fg;glNtz;ba njitia
mOj;jp Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;b cs;sd.
mdp];ah Njhk]; gpwpl;]; epiyaj;jpd;
epu;thf ,af;Fdu; Mthu;.(www.fritzinstitute.org) kpd; mQ;ry;: anisya.thomas@
fritzinstitute.org
tpkyh ,uhkypq;fk; ,e;jpa
nrQ;rpYitr; rq;fj;jpd; Kd;dhs;
nrayhsu; ehafkhthu;. kpd; mQ;ry;:
[email protected]
,e;jpah>
,dpj;jfiuapy;
Rdhkp>
Xiyf;
Fbirfis
mbj;Jr;
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fl;lg;gl;l
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48
FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT
njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk;
khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp
2004 khHfopr; Rdhkp ntsp cyfpd; tpopfSf;Fs; Njdpytpd; miktplk;
vd;w khiyjPtpd; Njhw;wg;ghl;il NguopT tyak; vd;w kd cUthf xH
,uTf;Fs;NsNa nrUfpaJ.
,
e;j 1200 gtsj; jPTfisf;
nfhz;l jPTf; $l;lk; cyfpNyNa 2.4 kPw;wUf;Fk; jho;epiyapy;
cs;s ve;j xU ehl;ilAk;tpl caH
jho;epiy nfhz;lit vd;why; kpifahfhJ. Nguoptpy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahf
,we;jtHfspd; vz;zpf;if Fiwthf
,Ue;j NghjpYk; miyfs; Njrpa
mstpy; ghupa mopTfis cUthf;fp
cs;sd:
 108 Ngu; xd;wpy; ,we;Njh my;yJ
fhzhkNyh NghAs;sdH.
 FbapUg;Gf;fisf; nfhz;l 199
jPTfspy; 13 ,ypUe;J Kw;WKOjhf
midtUk; ntspNaw;wg;gl;Ls;sdH.
 ngWkjpkpf;f Nky;kz; flYf;Fs;
fOtg;gl;L Ngha;tpl;lJ.
 100 tpfpjj;jpw;Fk; mjpfkhd jPTfs;
fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> Nghf;Ftuj;J>
njhlHghly; Mfpa Jiwfspd; gpujhdkhd cs;sf fl;Lkhdq;fis
,oe;Js;sd.
 10 tpfpjj;Jf;Fk; mjpfkhd tPl;Lf;
foQ;rpaq;fs; mopf;fg;gl;Ls;sJld;
Vuhskhdit gOjile;Js;sd.
 15>000 njhlf;fk; 30>000 f;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l mjhtJ 5% njhlf;fk;
10% khd kf;fs; Muk;gj;jpy;
,lk;ngaHe;jdH.
 rdj;njhifapy; %d;wpy;
xd;wpd; tho;f;ifapNyh my;yJ
tho;thjhuq;fspNyh ghuJ}ukhd
,ila+Wfs; Vw;gl;Ls;sd.
gq;Fdp eLg;gFjpfspy; murpd;
cs;sf ,lk; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH
gpupT> Mff;Fiwe;jJ 12>000 cs;sf
,lk;ngaHe;NjhH ehl;by; ePz;l fhy
mbg;gilapy; ,Ue;jjhf fzpg;gpl;;lJ.
,Ue;jNghjpYk; kf;fs; nghJthf
,lj;Jf;fplk; ,lk; ngaHe;J nrd;W
tho;tjdhYk; mNdfkhdtHfs; jkJ
neUq;fpa cwtpdHfs; ,y;yq;fspy;
ciwtplj;ijj; Njbf; nfhz;ljdhYk;>
cz;ikahd ,lk; ngaHe;NjhH gw;wpa
jtfy;fs; kpf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNt
cs;sd.
Rdhkpahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Vida
ehLfisg; Nghyy;yhJ> khiyjPT
mz;ikf;fhy MAj Kuz;ghLfspNyh
my;yJ ,aw;if mopTfspNyh
mDgtj;ijf; nfhz;buhjjdhy;> ,e;j
mstpyhd mtrufhy epiyikiaf;
ifahs Maj;jkhapUf;ftpy;iy.
NguopTf;F Kd;dH I.eh. mgptpUj;jp
jpl;lk;> I.eh. epWtH epjpak;> cyf
Rfhjhu epWtdk; vd;gd khj;jpuNk
rpwpa mYtyfq;fisf; nfhz;bUe;jd.
,jdhy; I.eh.tpd; gpurd;dk; kpf
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l mstpNyNa Rdhkpf;F
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rthy;fs; ghupajhf ,Ue;jd. If;fpa
,uhl;rpaj;jpd; tP.v];.X khj;jpuNk xNu
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,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu ifahSk; Njrpa
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khiyjPT murhq;fk; Nguoptpd;
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gbKiwfSf;F Kfk; nfhLj;jJ.
mtrufhy epthuzf; fhyfl;lj;jpy;>
ePH> czT tpepNahfk;> kUj;Jt cjtp>
kpd;rhu tpepNahfj;ij rPHnra;jy;>
jfty; jpul;ly; Nghd;w mk;rq;fis
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjpy; Nghf;Ftuj;J
Fwpg;gplg;gLk;gbahd gpujhd fhuzpahf
,Ue;jJ. khiyjPtpd; epy mikthdJ
tlf;fpypUe;J njw;fhf 850 fP.kP f;F
khj;jpuk; gue;Js;s xU epyg;gug;Gf;Fs;
199 jPTfspd; FbapUg;ghsHfisr;
rpjwr; nra;J ghupa rthiy tpLf;fpwJ.
mj;Jld; mNef Nghf;Ftuj;J cs;sf
fl;Lkhdq;fs; Fwpg;ghf tpkhd epiya>
JiwKf> ,wq;F Jiw> glF Nrit
Nghd;wit Rdhkpapy; mope;J Nghapd.
Xl;Lnkhj;j yhK mw;Nwhy; (jPT) gy
ehl;fshfj; njhiy njhlHG trjpapd;wp
,Ue;jJ.
rthy;fSk;; jPh;TfSk;
Nkw;Fwpj;j ,j;jifa
R+o;epiyfSf;Fs;Sk;> epthuzg;
gjpypWg;G eltbf;iffs; tpidj;jpwd;
kpf;fjhfNt ,Ue;jd. Fwpg;ghf>
czT> ePH kw;Wk; Rfhjhu trjpfs;
vd;gdtw;wpy; mjptpiuthd tpepNah
fk;> Rdhkpapd; Neub ghjpg;Gf;fshy;
Vw;gl;l ghjpg;Gf;Fg; Gwk;Ng vt;tpj
njhw;W Neha; gutiyNah my;yJ
kuzq;fisNah rk;gtpf;ftplhky;
nra;jpUe;jJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ePz;l fhy
Nehf;fpy; ehL ghupa rthy;fis Kfq;
nfhLf;fj; njhlq;fpaJ. miyfshy;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l cly;> cs> r%f> nghU
shjhu ghjpg;Gf;fis rPH nra;tjpYk;
Rdhkpf;F Kd;dhd tho;f;ifj; juj;ij
kPz;Lk; nfhz;L tUtjpYk; Mw;wg;gLk;
gzpfSld; NrHj;J> vjpHfhyj;jpy;
Vw;glf; $ba NguopTfSf;F>
Fwpg;ghf g+Nfhs rkepiy
khw;wj;jhy; fly; kl;l caHr;rpia
Kd;$l;bNa fzpj;J ,e;j rpwpa
jPTfs; ,yFthf mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk;
epiyia Fiwg;gjw;F> kpfg;
gue;j mstpy; Vuhskhd Ntiy
fisAk; nra;a Ntz;bAs;sJ.
cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhupd;
gpur;rpidfs;> xl;L nkhj;j ehl;bd;
ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapyhd
mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffis> ftdj;jpy;
cs;thq;fpa tz;zk; FLk;gq;fspdJk;
r%fq;fspdJk; Rdhkpf;Fg; gpd;dhd
NjitfSf;F gjpypWg;gJld;
njhlHGgl;lJkhd kpfTk;
ftdj;Jf;Fl;gl;l rkepiy jd;ik
nghUe;jpa eltbf;if xd;iwNa
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
Xt;nthU jPTNk jdf;nfd tpNrl
Fzhk;rj;ijAk; kpfg;gykhd
r%ff; fzpg;igAk; nfhz;Ls;s
xU Njrpaj;ij ,izg;gjw;F
tpj;jpahrkhd jPHTfs;> jw;fhypf
`pb gpuTz;
tPl;Lf;fhd trjpia Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. XU rpy jPT
fspy; nghJ gLf;if trjpfSk;
kyry$l trjpfSk; nfhz;l ntsp
kz;lgKk; midj;J czTfisAk;
rikf;ff;$ba xU kj;jpa rpw;Wz;br;
rhiyiaAk; cs;slf;fpa tpLjp
khjpupia xj;j jq;Fkplq;fs; Kjypy;
fl;lg;gl;ld. NguopT Kfhikj;Jt
Njrpa ikaj;ijr;1 NrHe;j nks&g;
[kPy; mtHfspd; fUj;Jg;gb> ,lk;
ngaHe;jtHfspy; mNefkhdtHfSf;F
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l trjpfis Vida
FLk;gq;fSld; gfpHtjpy; mt;tsT
kfpo;r;rp ,y;iynad;Wk; jkJ czTf
isj; jhNk rikf;fTk; tpUk;Gtjhf
$wpdhH. kPd;gpb> kPs;gjg;gLj;Jjy;>
cy;yhrg;gazk; Nghd;w tUkhdkPl;lw;
nraw;ghLfSf;fhd trjpia ,oe;j
,lk; ngaH r%fj;jtHfs; Rje;jpuk;
Nghjhnjd;w czHit ,J NkYk;
mjpfupf;fr; nra;Js;sJ. ,jd; ngW
Ngwhf> %d;W miwfisf; nfhz;l
tPl;L myFfs; mjhtJ jdp rikay; kw;Wk; Fspayiw> fopayiw
trjpfs; nfhz;l xt;nthU myFk;
xU FLk;gj;Jf;F vd;w mbg;gilapy;
fpilf;Fk; tz;zk; xU mZFKiw
cUthdJ.
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jkJ ,y;yq;fSf;Fs; te;J tho kd
xg;GjYld; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fs;
Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,j;jifa
#o;epiy ,d;Dk; gy khjq;fSf;Nfh
my;yJ tUlq;fSf;Nfh$l njhluyhk;
vd;gJ ,g;NghJ njspthf njd;glj;
njlqfpAs;sjhy;> FLk;gq;fspd;
kPJ Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbah Rikia
Vw;wpa epiyNa cs;sJ. rpWtH
cupikf;fhd mur ikaj;jpd; VSO
rpWtH ghJfhg;G MNyhrfH Nu]p
yhkd; $Wifapy; “msTf;fjpfkhd
Ml;fs; mjd; tpisthf njhlHr;rpahd
mOj;jk;> ftiy vd;gd nghWg;Ngw;w
FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; jq;fpapUf;Fk;
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gpur;ridfisf; nfhz;L te;Js;sJld;
rpWtH ghJfhg;gpd; kl;by; ghupa
rpf;fy;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd.
khiyjPtpd; nghWg;Ngw;Ws;s tPLfspy;
me;juq;fk; Ngzy; FiwthfTs;sJld;>
jw;fhypf jq;Fkplq;fspy; ngz;fSf;F
mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf taJ te;j ,sk;
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd td;Kiw ghypay;
J];gpuNahfk; vd;gdtw;wpd; mghaepiy
mjpfupj;Js;sijAk; a+.vd;.vg;.uP.V.
Rl;bf;fhl;b vr;rupj;Js;sJ. khkpfpyp
jPtpd; mw;Nwhy; jiytH mypg; lhy;
mtHfshy; jPl;lg;gl;l xU jPHT Kiw
ahdJ cs;sf ,lk; ngaHe;Njhiu
Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; FLk;gq;fs; jkJ
tPl;Lld; ,d;DnkhU gpuj;jpNahf miwfis mNj tstpw;Fs; fl;LtJk;>
mjD}lhf msTf;fjpfkhNdhuhy;
Vw;gLk; neUf;fbia Fiwg;gJk;
MFk;. Mj;Jld; nghWg;Ngw;w
FLk;gq;fspd; jhuhs kdJf;Ff;
ifkhwhf epue;jukhdnjhU rpwpa
gyid toq;FtJkhFk;. muR$l
nghWg;Ngw;Fk; FLk;gq;fSf;F mbg;gil
czT tpepNahfj;ijAk; nra;J tUfp
wJ.
gq;Fdpj; njhlf;fj;jpy;> kdpj Nea
mYty;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; I.eh.
tpd; gzpkid (X.rP.vr;.V) cs;sf ,lk;
FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT
ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd epge;jidfis khiyjPT ngWtjw;fhd xU nraw;jpl;lj;ij
nfhz;L elj;jpaJ. mtHfsJ Muk;g
mwpf;ifahdJ tpaf;fitf;Fk; mstpy;
jw;fhypf ,y;yq;fs; mikf;fg;gl;L
tUfpd;wd vd;gij Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;baJ.
,Ue;jNghjpYk; rHtNjr
topfhl;ly;fspd; kl;by; Njrpa kl;l
tpopg;GzHT FiwT vd;gjdhy;> ];gpaH
gpukhzq;fis2 g+Hj;jp nra;tjw;F
nfhs;jFjpwd; jtwptpl;lJ. ,jdhy;
jw;fhypf tPLfis mikf;Fk; gzp>
,e;jf; FiwghLfis eptHj;jpf;Fk;
Kfkhf njhlHe;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ.
jkJ vjpHfhyk; njhlHghd jfty;fs;
Fiwthf cs;sjd; epkpj;jk;> cs;sf
,lk;ngaHe;NjhupilNa Vf;fk;
Vw;gl;Ls;sij X.rP.vr;.V. tpd; mwpf;if
Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ. khiyjPT muR
gq;Fdp 20053 ,y; ntspapl;l Njrpa kPl;rp kw;Wk; ey;ypzf;fj;Jf;fhd
jpl;lj;jpy;> ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy;
,lk;ngWk; jpl;lkplYf;F r%fj;Jld;
fye;J MNyhrpg;gjw;F jd;id
mHg;gzpj;Js;sij ntspg;gLj;jp
cs;sJ. kpfTk; neUlyhd
kPs;FbNaw;wk; gw;wpa tpilaj;ij
Kd;ndLf;Fk;Ntis tpj;jpahrkhd
,lk;ngaHe;j jPTr; r%fq;fspd;
kpff;Fwpg;gpl;l Njitg;ghLfis jhk;
ifahSthHfs; vd kf;&g;up [kPy;
vjpHT $Wfpd;whH.
1998 ,y; FbapUg;Gf;Fl;gl;l jPTfspd;
vz;zpf;ifia Fiwf;Fk; nghUl;L
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Cf;fg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf Fbrdk; kw;Wk;
mgptpUj;jpf;fhd jpul;ba nfhs;ifia
mwpKfk; nra;jJ. ,j;je;jpNuhghaj;jpd;
mbg;gilahf cs;s fhuzq;fs;
gpd;tUtdtw;iw cs;thq;Ffpd;wd.
Scott Leckie
 thfdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J> Fsp&l;b
kw;Wk; kPs;gjg;gLj;Jk; cs;sf
trjp vd;gd fpilf;ff;$bajhf
cs;sjdhy;> kPd; gpbg;gjw;fhd
jsq;fspd; neUf;fk; cs;slq;fyhf
njhiye;j mg;ghtpj;jdk; khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp 49
fiye;J tpyfpr; nry;tjw;fhd
tuyhw;Wj; Njitfs; ,y;iy vd;w
cz;ik.
 199 jPTfspy; mJTk; 59% khd
itfspy; 1000 NgUf;Fk; Fiw
thd kf;fs; rdj; njhifiaf;
nfhz;Ls;s #o;epiyapy; cs;sff;
fl;Lkhdq;fisAk; nghJ Nritf
isAk; gpujp nra;jy; vd;gJ mur
tsq;fisAk; kdpj tYitAk;
eypthd epiyapy; tp];jupf;fpd;wJ.
 Xd;wpize;J gyg;gLj;Jjy;
tpNrlj;Jtk; nghUe;jpa caHkl;l
Nritfis Kd;Ndw;wfukhf
ngWtjw;F kf;fis
mDkjpf;fpd;wJ.
gykhd jPT milahsq;fs; fhuzkhf> kf;fis Fbngaur; nry;tjw;F
Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; kpfTk; fbdkhdnjd Kd;dH ep&gpf;fg;gl;lJ. gy
jPTfspy; xl;Lnkhj;j r%fq;fis
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fl;Lkhdq;fis jfHj;jjd;%yKk;>
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fhy mbg;gilahd fl;Lkhd
jpl;lkply;rhH fUj;jhlypd; Kd;thpir
epiyf;F nfhz;L nrd;Ws;sJ.
gyE}w;whz;Lfshf kdpj FbapUg;Gf;fs;
,Ue;j mNjNtis ,yFthf
mghaj;Jf;Fl;gLk; epiy caHthf
fhzg;gLk; jPTfis> muR kPz;Lk;
fl;bnaOg;gNtz;Lkh? my;yJ rpwg;ghd
NritfisAk; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
#oy; ghJfhg;gpidAk; nfhz;l jPTfspy;> ,lk;ngaHe;j r%fq;fis kPs;
FbNaw;wYf;F Njitahd fl;Lkhd
epjpfisAk; Kaw;rpfisAk;> muR
,yf;fhf;f Ntz;Lkh?
Njrpa kPl;rp kw;Wk;
ey;ypzf;fj;jpl;lj;jpd; xU mq;fkhf
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Kfkhf mgptpUj;jp nra;a 5 jPTfis muR njhpT nra;Js;sJ.
kPs;FbNaw;wj;Jf;fhd Kd;Dhpik
tPLfspd; ghhpa Nrjq;fis re;jpj;j
jPTfisr; NrHe;j r%fq;fSf;Nf
nfhLf;fg;gLk;. mNjNtis> ,yFthf
mghaj;Jf;Fl;glty;y rpwpa jPTfisr;
NrHe;j Vida kf;fSf;Fk;> mtHf
sJ Ntz;LNfhspd; mbg;gilapy;
kPs;FbNaw;wk; fpilf;ff;$bajhf
,Uf;Fk;. kPs;FbNaw kf;fis
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fs; gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; mgptpUj;jp
nra;ag;gLk;.
 FbapUg;G kw;Wk; r%f trjpfs;
 KO mstpyhd nghJNritfs;
 nghUshjhuj; Jiwfspd;
gd;Kfg;ghq;F
 NtW jPTfSld; rpwe;j
Nghf;Ftuj;J ,izg;G
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mizfs;> ghJfhg;G Njlf;$ba gy
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fshf jpfOk;.
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nghWj;jkl;by; kPs;FbakHj;jy;
vd;gJ xU nghUl;lhdjhf
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ngUk;ghd;ikahd FbapUg;ghsHfs;
kPz;Lk; ,Ug;gjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy
vd;why; mj;jPTf;Fhpa VidatHfs;
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fl;bnaOg;Gjy; vd;gJ elthjnthU
fhhpak;. mNjNtis> NguspTfis
cz;ikapy; mDgtpj;j mNjNtis
kdtpUg;Gld; ntspNaWgtHfs; $l
50
njhiye;
j mg;ghtpj;jdk; khiyjPtpy; Rdhkp
jkJ Gjpa ,y;yq;fSf;F jk;ik
gof;fg;gLj;j nghpa rkhspg;gpid
Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,jdhy;
midj;ijAk; cs;thq;fpa csr; r%f
MjuTf;fhd Njitg;ghL njhlHe;J
nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;.
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Kfhikj;Jt Njrpa epiyaj;jpy;
,af;FeuhfTk; r%f csey MjuT
gphptpd; gjpy; ,izg;ghsUkhfTk;
Ma;]j; ]Fth mfkl; cs;shH.
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Mapuf;fzf;fhd kdk;ghjpg;Gw;w
kf;fSf;F csey cjtpaspj;jy;
vd;gJ xUghhpa rthyhf cs;snjd
mtH $wpdhH. rk;gtk; elj;jgpd; cl
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mbg;gilapy; gzp Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.
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FMR Rdhkp – khiyjPT/Mgphpf;fh
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epjpaj;jpd; cjtpAld; gad;gLj;jp
cs;sdH.
r%f csey cjtpg;gphpT mur
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$batpiutpy; khwptpLk; #oy; cs;sJ.
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gjpypWg;G mk;rq;fSld; $batpiutpy;
r%f csey cjtpAk; khiyjPtpy;
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Ngr;rpy; xU mq;fkhf khwptpLk;.
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,we;jfhyj;jpd; kdj;jhf;fq;fis
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nfhz;L vjpHfhyj;ij jpl;lkpLtJ
,ayhj fhhpak;. vjpHfhyj;jpy;
,aw;if vjidnay;yhk; khiyjPtpd;
kPJ Nguopthf tPrpnawpa Kw;gLNkh
mijnay;yhk; ifahSk; rpwe;j
Maj;jepiyapy; khiyjPT ,Uf;Fk; vd
ek;gyhk;.
`pb gpuTz; - khiyjPT Rfhjhu
mikr;rpy; gzpGhpAk; tPv];X jd;dhHtg;
gzpahsH. kpd;dQ;ry;: heids_on_
[email protected] ,f;fl;Liu mtuJ
jw;Wzptpy; vOjg;gl;lJ.
4
1. www.tsunamimaldives.mv
2. www.sphereproject.org
3. www.undp.org/bcpr/disred/documents/tsunami/maldives/
md_nrrp.pdf
4. ksshiyjPtpd; A+vd;vt;gpVapd; vkh GO> rpWtu;
cupikfSf;fhd gpuptpd; Nwrp yhkd;> v];vr;<apd;
m];aj; ]hFy;yh> Njrpa Ngudu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt
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khf; ,td;];> tPv];X khiyjPtpd; ]pth Mu;ay;>
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MfpNahUf;F Mf;fpNahdpd; ed;wp.
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epiy
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290 kuzq;fSk; fpl;lj;jl;l 54>000
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Muk;gj;jpy; Iehtpd; Nrhkhypahtpw;fhd
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Nfhug;gl;bUe;j epjpapy; 3 tPjkhdNj
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2 NgH ,we;Jk; 900 FLk;gq;fs; jkJ
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tpNrl njhlHghsUkhthu;. kpd;dQ;ry;:
[email protected]
51
FMR Rdhkp – Mgphpf;fh
Nrhkhypahtpd; jw;Nghija gpur;rpidfis Rdhkp
NkYk; Nkhrkilar; nra;fpwJ
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$l;Lr;Nru;e;js;sJ.
t
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me;j NtisapNy Rdhkp jhf;fpAs;sJ.
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MjuitAk; [PtNdhgha
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