Plan de cours

Année universitaire 2014/2015
Paris School of International Affairs
Semestre d’automne/ Fall Semester
Foundations of Strategic Thinking
Etienne De Durand
Session 1 – The Nature of War – September 2014
–
–
–
General Presentation
The Anthropology of War
What is War?
Required reading:
o G. Blainey, The Causes of War, chap. 8.
FOUNDATIONS OF STRATEGIC THEORY
Session 2 –The Clausewitzian Theory – September 2014
–
–
–
War and Policy/Politics
Total War and Limited War
Strategy as the Use, or Threat of Use, of Force
Required readings:
o C. von Clausewitz, On War, Book I, chap. 1, 2 & 8; Book III, chap. 1; Book VIII,
chap. 1-3; the “1827 Notes”
o P. Paret, “Clausewitz”, Makers of Modern Strategy
Extra readings:
o
C. von Clausewitz, On War, the whole of Books I, III, and VIII.
Session 3 – War and Strategy – September 2014
–
–
–
–
What Strategy Is and Is Not: the Core Concept and Its Derivatives
Direct and Indirect Strategies
The Principles of War
The Levels of Strategy: from Grand Strategy to Tactics
Required readings:
o A. Beaufre, Introduction to Strategy, intro and chap. 1.
o B. Liddell Hart, Strategy, chap. 6.
o E. Luttwak, The Logic of War and Peace, intro and chap. 1-3.
o W. Murray et al, “Introduction: On strategy”, The Making of Strategy
Extra readings:
o
C. von Clausewitz, On War, Books VI, chap. 1-5 and 26; Book VII, chap. 1-5 and
22.
Session 4 – Strategic Culture – September 2014
–
–
–
National Styles, Military and Strategic Cultures: History & Geography vs. Theory
Western and Eastern Ways of War
Strategic Culture as a Heuristic Tool
Required readings:
o C.S. Gray, « Strategy in the Nuclear Age… », pp. 589-598.
o Iain Johnston, « Thinking About Strategic Culture », International Security.
o Sun Ze, The Art of War
Extra readings:
o
o
B. Colson, « Culture stratégique », in Dictionnaire de stratégie.
T. Mahnken, US Strategic Culture, SAIC
STRATEGY AND STRATEGIES: FROM THEORY TO OPERATIONS
Session 5 – Strategy in Land Warfare: from Tactics to Operational Art – October 2014
–
–
–
3,000 Years of Warfare at a Glance
Firepower in the Modern Era
Maneuver and Attrition in the 20th Century
Required readings:
o C. Ardant du Picq, Battle Studies, Part I, chap. 3, Part II, chap. 1
o A. Beaufre, Introduction to Strategy, chap. 2
o C. Bellamy, Evolution of Modern Land Warfare, chap. 1-3
o B. Liddell Hart, Stratégie, in Chaliand, Anthologie mondiale de la stratégie, pp. 117476
Extra readings:
o
o
C. Ardant du Picq, Battle Studies, whole book
E. Luttwak, The Logic of War and Peace, Part III
Session 6 – Air and Naval Strategies – October 2014
–
–
–
–
Maritime vs. Continental Powers
Overview of Naval Strategists and their Theories
The Origins of Air Power
Air Power Redux
Required readings:
o E. Cohen, “The U.S. Mystique of Air Power”, Foreign Affairs
o Julian Corbett, The Green Pamphlet, excerpts
o A. T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, excerpts
2
o
R. Pape, Bombing To Win, chap. 2, and “The Limits of Precision-Guided Air Power”,
Security Studies
o
o
o
o
H. Coutau-Bégarie, Traité de stratégie, « la stratégie maritime théorique »
G. Douhet, Command of the Air, excerpt
B. Lambeth, NATO Air War in Kosovo
John Warden, The Air Campaign
Extra readings:
Session 7 – RMA and Military Transformation – October 2014
–
–
–
From Military Revolutions to the Revolution in Military Affairs
Information War: Debunking the Myth
Military Transformation: Promises, Achievements, and Limits
Required readings:
o S. Biddle, “Allies, Air Power, and Modern Warfare”, International Security
o B. Posen, “Command of the Commons”, International Security
o E. Cohen, “A Revolution in Warfare”, Foreign Affairs
o E. de Durand, « Révolution dans les affaires militaires », Hérodote
UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE AND ITS STRATEGIES
Session 8 – Nuclear Conundrum and Doctrinal Cycles – November 2014
–
–
–
–
The Nuclear Revolution
Vulnerability and Credibility
Warfighting vs. Arms Control
The French Case: Deterrence and Non-Use
Required readings:
o A. Beaufre, Introduction to Strategy, chap. 3
o B. Brodie, The Absolute Weapon, excerpt
o M. Quinlan, “Deterrence”
o T. Schelling, “Manipulation of Risk” and “Commitment”, Arms and Influence
o A. Wohlstetter, The Delicate Balance of Terror
Extra readings:
o
o
o
o
Robert Jervis, The Illogic of American Nuclear Strategy, chap. 1, 3, 5-6
C.S. Gray, K. Payne, “Victory Is Possible”
L. Poirier, Des stratégies nucléaires, excerpt ; « Dissuasion et puissance
moyenne »
Glenn Snyder, Deterrence and Defense, excerpt of intro
Session 9 – Deterrence Today and Tomorrow – November 2014
–
–
Proliferation, Counter-Proliferation and Missile Defense
Implications for Deterrence
3
Required readings:
o D. Gormley, “The Path to Deep Nuclear Reductions”, Proliferation Paper
o M. Quinlan, “How Robust is India-Pakistan Deterrence?”, and “India-Pakistan
Deterrence Revisited”, Survival
o S. Sagan, “The Perils of Proliferation”, International Security
o V. Utgoff, “Missile Defense and American Ambitions”
o K. Waltz et S. Sagan, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, chap. 3
o K. Waltz, “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Better,” Adelphi Papers
Session 10 – Irregular Warfare – November 2014
– Small Wars and Guerillas
– Revolutionary Warfare: Origins and Variations
– Counterinsurgency Now and Then
Required readings:
o A. Beaufre, Introduction to Strategy, chap. 4
o G. Chaliand, « Introduction », Stratégies de la guérilla
o A. Mack, “Why Big Nations Lose Small Wars”, World Politics
Extra readings:
o
o
o
S. Ferdi, « Les débuts de la guerre d’Algérie »
V.N. Giap, « Guerre du peuple et art militaire » in Chaliand, Stratégies de la
guérilla
Mao, « De la guerre prolongée », in G. Chaliand, Mao, stratège
révolutionnaire, pp. 181-188.
Session 11 – Asymmetric Warf – November 2014
– Irregular, Asymmetric, or Hybrid Wars?
– Terrorism as Tactic and as Strategy
Required readings:
o S. Atran, “The Moral Logic and Growth of Suicide Terrorism”, Washington Quart.
o C. Gray, Irregular Enemies and the Essence of Strategy, SSI.
o M. Mazarr, “The Folly of Asymmetric War”, Washington Quarterly
o S. Metz, Learning from Iraq
o H. Münkler, « Les guerres nouvelles »,
o R. Pape, “The Srategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism”
o R. Smith, The Utility of Force, chap. 7
Extra readings:
o
o
o
o
o
B. Jenkins et W. Laqueur, in R. Art, The Use of Force, pp. 77-84, 450-457.
Q. Liang, Unrestricted Warfare
M. Manwaring, Shadows of Things Past
J. Record, “External Assistance”, Parameters
M. Van Creveld, The Transformations of War, excerpt (in French)
4
Session 12 – Is Strategy Still Possible? – December 2014
– War, Military Power and International Influence
– From Procurement to Crisis Management: the Impracticality of Grand Strategy
– War, Strategy, and Politics in Contemporary Democracies
Required reading:
o Hew Strachan, “The Lost Meaning of Strategy”, Survival
5
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS:
(*) recommended
(**) classics and required readings
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
ADDINGTON Larry, The Patterns of War Since the 18th Century, Indiana UP, 1994.
**ARON Raymond, Paix et Guerre entre les Nations, Calmann-Lévy, 1962.
ARON Raymond, Penser la guerre : Clausewitz, Gallimard-NRF, 1976, 2 tomes.
ART Robert et WALTZ Kenneth (dir.), The Use of Force, Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
*BAYLIS, COHEN, GRAY, WIRTZ (dir.), Strategy in the Contemporary World, Oxford UP,
2002.
***BEAUFRE André, Introduction à la stratégie, Hachette-Pluriel, 1998.
**BERNSTEIN, KNOX et MURRAY (dir.), The Making of Strategy, Cambridge UP, 1994.
*BETTS Richard K., Conflict After the Cold War, 2001.
BIDDLE Stephen, Military Power, Princeton UP, 2004.
**BLAINEY Geoffrey, Causes of War, Free Press, 1988.
*BLIN Arnaud, CHALIAND Gérard, Dictionnaire de stratégie militaire, Perrin, 1998.
**BRODIE Bernard, War and Politics, MacMillan, 1973.
BUZAN Barry et HERRING Eric, The Arms Dynamic in World Politics, Lynne-Rienner, 1998.
**CHALIAND Gérard, Anthologie mondiale de la stratégie, Bouquins, 1990.
CHALIAND Gérard, Les stratégies du terrorisme, Desclée de Brouwer, 2003.
**CHALIAND Gérard, Stratégies de la guérilla, Payot, 1994.
**CLAUSEWITZ Carl von, De la guerre, Ed. de Minuit, 1955.
*COUTAU-BEGARIE Hervé, Traité de stratégie, Economica, 1999.
DAVID Charles-Philippe, La guerre et la paix…, Presses de Sciences Po, 2000.
DAVID Charles-Philippe et ROCHE J-J, Théories de la sécurité, Monchrestien, 2002.
DAVID Dominique, Est-ouest 1945/1990, Publisud, 1992.
DAVID Dominique, Sécurité : l’Après-New York, Presses de Sciences Po, 2002.
DELPECH Thérèse, La guerre parfaite, Flammarion, 1998.
DELPECH Thérèse, Politique du chaos, Seuil, 2002.
DERRIENNIC Jean-Pierre, Les Guerres civiles, Presses FNSP, 2000.
DESPORTES Vincent, Comprendre la guerre, Economica, 2001.
DOMERGUE-CLOAREC (dir.), Des conflits en mutation ?, Complexe, 2003.
DUPUY Trevor, The Evolution of Weapons and Warfare, Da Capo, 1990.
EARLE Edward Mead (dir.), Les maîtres de la stratégie, Champs-Flammarion, 1980, 2 tomes.
**FREEDMAN Lawrence, The Evolution of Nuclear Strategy, McMillan, 1981.
**FULLER J.F.C., Armament & History, Da Capo, 1998, ou en français : L’influence de
l’armement sur l’histoire, Payot, 1948.
GAT Azar, A History of Military Thought, Oxford UP, 2001.
GÉRÉ François, Demain la guerre, Calmann-Lévy, 1997.
GÉRÉ François, Dictionnaire de la pensée stratégique, Larousse, 2000.
GÉRÉ François, POIRIER Lucien, La réserve et l’attente, Economica, 2001.
GRAY Colin, Modern Strategy, Oxford UP, 1999.
GRAY Colin, Strategy for Chaos…, Frank Cass, 2002.
HANDEL Michael I., Master of War. Classical Strategic Thought, Routledge, 2001.
HASSNER Pierre, La violence et la paix, de la bombe atomique au nettoyage ethnique, Esprit,
1995.
HOUSE Jonathan, Combined Arms Warfare in the 20th Century, Kansas UP, 2001.
**HOWARD Michael, La guerre dans l’histoire de l’Occident, Fayard, 1988.
*JOXE Alain, Le cycle de la dissuasion, La découverte, 1990.
LACOSTE Yves (dir.), Dictionnaire de géopolitique, Flammarion, 1993.
LEE Bradford et WALLING Karl (dir.), Strategic Logic and Political Rationality, Frank Cass,
2003.
**LIDDELL HART Basil, Stratégie, Perrin, 1998.
**LUTTWAK Edward N., Le grand livre de la stratégie..., Odile Jacob, 2002 (The Logic of War
and Peace).
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
**MCNEILL William H., La recherche de la puissance, Economica, 1992.
*MEARSHEIMER John J., Conventional Deterrence, Cornell UP, 1983.
*MILLETT Allan et MURRAY Williamson (dir.), Military Effectiveness, Unwin-Hyman, 1988, 3
tomes.
*MONTBRIAL Thierry (de) et KLEIN Jean (dir.), Dictionnaire de stratégie, PUF, 2000.
*MÜNKLER Herfried, Les guerres nouvelles, Altvik, 2003.
MURAWIEC Laurent, La guerre au XXIème siècle, Odile Jacob, 2000.
**PAPE Robert A., Bombing to Win…, Cornell UP, 1996.
**PARET Peter (dir.), Makers of Modern Strategy, Princeton UP, 1986. (réédition de EARLE,
cf. supra)
**POIRIER Lucien, Des stratégies nucléaires, Complexe, 1988.
POIRIER Lucien, Stratégie théorique, Economica, 3 tomes.
**POSEN Barry R., The Sources of Military Doctrine, Cornell UP, 1984.
SAGAN Scott S., Moving Targets: Nuclear Strategy and National Security, Princeton UP, 1989.
SAGAN Scott S. et WALTZ Kenneth, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons…, Norton, 2003.
**SCHELLING Thomas, Arms and Influence, Yale UP, 1966.
SCHELLING Thomas, Stratégie du conflit, PUF, 1986.
**SUN TZU, L’art de la guerre, Flammarion, 1972.
VAN CREVELD Martin, La transformation de la guerre, Editions du Rocher, 1998.
VAN CREVELD Martin, Technology and War, Free Press, 1990.
VAN CREVELD Martin, Command in War,
VENNESSON Pascal et CAPLOW Theodore, Sociologie militaire, Armand Colin, 2000.
WALT Stephen, The Origins of Alliances, Cornell UP, 1987.
ZORGBIBE Charles, Textes de stratégie nucléaire, PUF-QSJ, 1993.
PERIODICALS
Ramsès (Ifri - Dunod); L'Etat du monde (La Découverte); L’Annuaire français des relations
internationales (http://www.afri-ct.org Bruylant); Strategic Survey (IISS, Oxford UP);; Military
Balance (IISS, Oxford UP); SIPRI Yearbook (SIPRI, Stockholm).
Journals:
Adelphi Papers, Critique internationale (http://www.ceri-sciencespo.com/), Défense nationale
(http://www.defnat.com), Foreign Affairs (http://www.foreignaffairs.org), Foreign Policy
(http://www.foreignpolicy.com),
Hérodote,
International
Affairs,
International
Security
(http://mitpress.mit.edu), Politique étrangère, Focus stratégique, and Proliferation Paper
(http://www.ifri.org), Politique internationale, Revue internationale et stratégique (ex-Relations
internationales et stratégiques), Security Studies, Stratégique (http://www.stratisc.org), Survival,
The Washington Quarterly (http://www.twq.com), World Politics.
See also:
Arès (http://upmf-grenoble.fr/espace-europe/), Cahiers de Chaillot (http://www.iss-eu.org), Cahiers
d'études stratégiques, Commentaire, Culture et conflits (http://conflits.org), Current History, Le
Débat, Defence Studies, Defense & Security Analysis, Esprit, Etudes, Etudes internationales,
European Security, Géopolitique, International Organization, Internationale Politik, International
Spectator, Journal of Strategic Studies, Orbis (http://www.fpri.org/orbis/), Relations internationales,
Revue française de science politique, Revue internationale des sciences sociales, Security
Dialogue, Le Trimestre du monde, Les Dossiers du Grip, Studia Diplomatica.
Links:
o
o
o
Brookings Institution (Washington) : www.brook.edu
Center for Nonproliferation Studies (Monterey), http://cns.miis.edu
Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington): www.csis.org
7
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Chatham House (RIIA): www.chathamhouse.org
Fondation pour la recherche stratégique (Paris) : www.frstrategie.org
Institut français des relations internationales: www.ifri.org
International Crisis Group: www.crisisweb.org
International Studies Association (Tucson): www.isanet.org
RAND Corporation (Santa Monica) : www.rand.org
Royal United Services Institute: www.rusi.org
Strategic Studies Institute (U.S. Army, Carlisle): www.carlisle.army.mil/ssi/
8