incamake y`icegeranyo c`ivyaranguwe hamwe n`ingene

incamake y`icegeranyo c`ivyaranguwe hamwe n`ingene

INCAMAKE Y’ICEGERANYO
C’IVYARANGUWE HAMWE N’INGENE
AGATEKA KA ZINA MUNTU KARI
KIFASHE MU MWAKA
W’I 2013
BUJUMBURA, RUHESHI 2014
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UMURWI W’IGIHUGU WIGENGA UJEJWE AGATEKA KA ZINA MUNTU
ICEGERANYO C’IVYARANGUWE MU MWAKA W’2013 HAMWE N’UKUNTU AGATEKA
KA ZINA MUNTU KARI KIFASHE
 Nyakwuhahwa Mukuru w’Inama Nshingamateka,
 Ba Nyakwubahwa mugize ibiro vy’Inama Nshingamateka,
 Ba Nyakwubahwa Bashingamateka b’Uburundi,
0. INTANGAMARARA
Abagize Umurwi w’Igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu barahimbawe
n’ugusubira kuza hano muri ino ngoro isasamwo abatowe n’abanyagihugu ngo
babaserukire, ari naho twarahiriye gutunganiriza igihugu igenekerezo rya 7 Ruheshi mu
mwaka w’2011. Turabaramukije amahoro dukenguruka ikaze mwaduhaye n’umwizero
igikorwa nk’iki kiremesha mu gihugu. Nk’uko twabigize mu myaka iheze, twagomba
gushikiriza icegeranyo c’ivyo Umurwi w’Igihugu Wigenga Ujejwe Agateka ka Zina
Muntu waranguye mu mwaka w’i 2013 hamwe n’ukuntu twabonye agateka ka zina
muntu kari kifashe mu bice bimwe bimwe. Ivyo tubikora twisunze indinganizo y’itegeko
rigenga uno murwi mu ngingo zaryo za 6, agace ka 6 hamwe na 35.
Ihangiro twamanye kuva uno murwi ugitangura ikivi riguma ari rya rindi. Turajwe
ishinga n’ukubona : « Uburundi ari igihugu cubahiriza amateka agenga zina muntu,
giteza imbere akarangamutima runtu m’imico kama myiza, kikaba cishingira
inzego zubakira vyose kw’iyubahirizwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu. »
Iki cegeranyo dushikirije uno musi kigizwe n’ibihimba bibiri : Igice ca mbere gica ku
mayange ivyo uyu murwi waranguye mu bijanye n’ugukingira agateka ka zina muntu,
mu bijanye n’ugukaburira Abarundi n’ukubigisha iyubahirizwa ry’agateka ka zina
muntu, hamwe n’ibijanye n’ibanga ryo guhanura inzego za Leta. Muri ico gice ca mbere
ni naho dushikiriza ibijanye n’ugukomeza umurwi mu gukorana ubuhinga hamwe
n’ugukarisha ubwenge, ivyerekeye uburyo baturonkeje ngo turangure ibanga
twashinzwe hamwe n’ivyerekeye ukwunga imigenderanire n’izindi nzego canke ayandi
mashirahamwe. Igice ca kabiri gishikiriza ivyo umurwi washitseko uriko uriga
imyitwarariko imwe imwe ijanye n’ukuntu ivy’agateka ka zina muntu vyari vyifashe ku
bibazo bimwe bimwe.
Mu vyo dushikiraza, twisunga ivyategekanijwe n’itegeko N°1/ 04 ryo ku wa 5 Nzero
2011 ritugenga mu vyo ryadushinze, umuntu afatiye ko ngingo zaryo za 4, 5 na 6. Ivyo
twaranguye vyose vyadusaba gukorana ubwitonzi n’uguhwebuza bikwiye. Ni naco
gituma ivyo icegeranyo gishikiriza ari bike ugereranije n’ibiba mu gihugu cose.
Gutohoza neza ibibera mu gihugu cose vyosaba uburyo bwinshi tudafise. Ariko ivyo
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ntibibuza ko ivyo twakoreyeko tugashikiriza bitanga inyigisho ishobora kumurikira
igihugu.
0.1.
Ibitatworohereje n’ivyatugoye
Ntitwoshikiriza kino cegeranyo tutabwiye Abashingamateka, igihugu n’amakungu
ibitatworohereje n’ivyatugoye kuko bigira ingaruka ku mwimbu w’umurwi. Ivyatugoye
nka vyose bishingiye ku mafaranga make bahaye umurwi, ivyo bigatuma umurwi
utaronka abakozi bakwiye n’ibikoresho bikwiye.
Ingingo ya 28 ya rya tegeko rigenga umurwi ivuga ko umurwi ufise ubunyamabanga
bugizwe n’ibice vyose bikenewe, ariko twasanze amafaranga Leta iha umurwi ashobora
guhemba ica gatatu c’abasangirakivi umurwi wari ukeneye.
Ni naco gituma nk’ubu umurwi wuguruje ibiro vy’abawuserukira mu ntara zitatu gusa :
Makamba, Gitega et Ngozi. Makamba ica itegerezwa gukurikirana ibibera mu ntara za
Bururi na Rutana, Gitega igakurikira ibibera mu ntara za Karuzi, Mwaro, Ruyigi na
Cankuzo ; Ngozi na yo ikaraba Kayanza, Muyinga na Kirundo. Ivyo ntivyoroha na rirya
dutakwa n’abari mu gihugu cose. Ikindi kitugoye n’uko uburyo bwo kwiyungurza ari
buke cane kandi dutegerezwa kubanguka nk’abapolisi. N’imiduga BNUB yari
yadufashishije aho bagabanirije abakozi babo ubu yarashaje rwose kandi gutohoza
ivy’ihohoterwa rya kiremwa muntu bisaba kubanguka ivyemezo bitarazimangana kandi
umuntu akabihinyuza abiciye irya n’ino.
Ikindi kiduteye umwitwarariko ni uko amafaranga yo mw’ibwirizwa rishinga uburyo
Leta ikoresha ku mwaka, ayo Umurwi wagiye uraronswa kuva ukijaho agenda
agabanuka uko umwaka utashe. Ivyo birafise ingaruka ku bikorwa. Umurwi wari ukiri
mushasha kandi wari ukeneye gukwira mu gihugu ku neza y’abanyagihugu bose. Ivyo
bisaba ko turonka abakozi bakerebutse kandi bakwiye.
Mu ndinganizo y’intumbero bise « Principes de Paris » zigenga yene iyi mirwi
baravuga bashimitse ko Leta ariyo itegerezwa guha uburyo bukwiye umurwi wayo ku
bijanye n’imishahara, ibikorwa vya misi yose hamwe n’ibikoresho 1.
0.2.
Ivyafashije umurwi :
1
Le budget de l’Etat alloué à la CNIDH pour l’exercice 2013 équivalait à 900.000.000 de Francs burundais.
D’autres partenaires comme l’ Ambassade de France au Burundi a financé le projet « Appui au programme
d'actions stratégiques 2013-2015 » à hauteur de 100.000 euros sur la période allant de 2012- 2014. La
Coopération suisse a appuyé le projet « Recevoir, traiter et archiver les plaintes pour un meilleur respect des
droits humains au Burundi » sur la période d’octobre 2013 à décembre 2014 à raison de 75.000 CHF. Le
PNUD sur la période de Août à décembre 2013 a financé la « Réalisation de certaines activités du plan de
travail 2013 de l'Axe Gouvernance et Etat de droit
à hauteur de 20.918USD. Un autre financement
équivalent à 22.385.000 FBU a été reçu de l’UNICEF pour la période d’avril à juin 2013 dans le cadre de la
« Sensibilisation des rapatriés et des résidents sur le cadre légal et institutionnel du Burundi ».
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Naho ibitatworohereje bitabuze, umurwi warashoboye kuronka ivyafashije. Mu
kurangura amabanga ujejwe, umurwi wamye uronka abawushigikira, baba Abarundi
canke abanyamahanga. Ni naco gituma dukenguruka ukuntu Inama Nshingamateka na
Nkenguza mateka zidushigiye. Turakengurukira n’izindi nzego nk’urw’icegera ca mbere
n’urw’icegera ca kabiri c’umukuru w’igihugu, izindi nzego za leta nk’ibiro bishinzwe
iperereza, igipolisi, Ubushikirangaji bujejwe gushigikirana, agateka ka zina muntu
n’ukudakumirana, inzego zo mu bushikiranganzi bw’ubutungane, ubushikiranganji
bujejwe inyigisho n’indero, ubushikiranganji bw’intwaro yo hagati mu gihugu n’inzego
zabwo mu ntara no mu makomine, ubushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi
n’ugutegekaniriza abahoze ku rugamba, eka n’izindi nzego zose za leta.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu uriko urakora ukwo
ushoboye kwose ngo ubandanye uja inama n’ingingo n’urwego rw’umuhuza w’Abarundi
kuko amabanga izo nzego zibiri zijejwe aja inzira imwe kandi ategerezwa
kwunganirana.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu warabandanije kandi kuraba
ukuntu wokorana n’amashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politike, na cane cane
ayishinze guteza imbere agateka ka zina muntu, hamwe n’ibimenyeshamakuru.
Ikibanza umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu ufise co kuba hagati
y’izo nzego n’ayo mashirahamwe hamwe n’abanyagihugu kirafasha kugira ngo uronke
imburizi za kare, uhanahane inkuru n’abo ivy’ugohohotera gateka ka zina muntu vyega
bose, ukaboneraho kuraba ingene hoboneka urunani mu gikorwa co gukingira no
guteza imbere agateka ka zina muntu mi gihugu.
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I. IGICE CA MBERE : IVYARANGUWE N’UMURWI W’IGIHUGU WIGENGA UJEJWE
AGATEKA KA ZINA MUNTU
A. GUKINGIRA N’UGUTABARA MU VY’AGATEKA KA ZINA MUNTU.
Ku vyerekeye gukingira n’ugutabara mu vy’agateka ka zina muntu, ingingo ya kane
n’ingingo za 42 na 62 z’ibwirizwa rigenga uno murwi ni zo tuguma twisunga.
1. Kwakira abataka n’ugutohoza ivyerekeye ihohoterwa ry’agateka ka
zina muntu.
a) Gutunganiriza abatatse umurwi
Umurwi warasizeho igisata cakira abaje bataka umurwi, bakarondera inkuru zose
zijanye n’ivyo abataka bashikirije, bakaraba n’ukuntu ivyo bintu bikurikiranwa. Hariho
igisata gishinzwe ico gikorwa kikaba kigizwe n’abakomiseri batatu, abahinga babiri mu
vy’amategeko hamwe n’abaserukizi b’Umurwi muri za ntara zitatu.
Ivyegeranyo vyateguwe n’ico gisata biraheza bigashikirizwa abagize Umurwi wose mu
nama zisanzwe ziba ku musi wa kabiri no ku wa gatanu. Iyo hari ivyihuta turashobora
gutumako inama uwundi musi. Bimwe mu vyagirizi umurwi urashobora kutavyakira
kuko bitajanye n’amabanga umurwi ujejwe canke bishingiye ku nsaku. Hari n’ibindi
umurwi ushinga umukomiseri afashijwe n’abandi bakozi ngo babitohoze neza, baze
batange icegeranyo gisobanutse.
Umuco ukwiye umaze kuboneka, icegeranyo kiraheza kigashikirizwa umukuru
w’umurwi, nawe agaheza akagishikiriza inama ya bose ngo ivyige, igire n’ingingo
ishinze.
b) Abatatse umurwi
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga wakiriye abawutatse bashika ku 251.
Bamwe baza bavuga ukuntu bo canke ababo bahohotewe, abandi bakaza basaba
abashingwamanza bobafasha mu manza zabo, abandi bakarondera uwobaha umuco
akabereka inzira bofata mu ngorane barimwo. Hariho n’abasaba ko Umurwi wobabera
umuhuza mu matati barimwo. Ivy’abo twakiriye twarabitororokanije tubigereranya
n’ivyo twakiriye vyose muri iyi myaka itatu iheze. Mubisanga ku mpapuro za 16 gushika
kuri 19 rw’icegeranyo.
Tubiravye, dusanga abasaba impanuro y’inzira bofata ngo batunganirizwe hamwe
n’abasaba gufashwa gushika imbere ku nzego zobatunganiriza aribo benshi. Muri iyi
myaka itatu, twasanze bagera ku bice 43% y’abo twakiriye.
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Ku vyerekeye ivyo abataka umurwi ku vy’uguhohoterwa bavuga, dusanga ivyerekeye
uguhungabanya agateka ko kwidegemvya n’ugukingirwa kw’umutekano wa muntu biza
ubwa kabiri ku rugero rwa 15% ugereranije n’abatatse umurwi bose. Ibindi birego
biraje ishinga abantu bikurikirana gurtya : gupfungira abantu ubusa (11, 7%),
guhungabanya agateka ko kwubahirizwa mu matungo ya muntu (7,6%), guhungabanya
agateka ko kutakwa ubuzima (4,8%), guhungabanya agateka ko kudasinzikarizwa
ubuzima (4,3%), guhungabanya agateka ko kuburana urubanza mu butungane
n’ingingo (4%), guhungabanya agateka ko kuronka akazi (2,5%). Ibirego bindi umurwi
waronse ni bikeyi ugereranije n’ivyo dushikirije.
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wakiriye
amadosiye 98 asaba impanuro z’aho umuntu yokwerekeza ngo atunganirizwe hamwe
n’abasaba umushingwamanza yobabafasha mu mburano barimwo. Abatatse umurwi
bashika 47 twaraberetse aho botumbera kandi barashima. Dosiye zabo zaratunganye.
Dosiye tukiriko turakurikirana ni 47. Izindi dosiye 4 twasanze zitari mu bijanye
n’amabanga umurwi washinzwe dufatiye ku ngingo igira 44 y’ibwirizwa rigenga
umurwi risaba ko umurwi utokwisuka mu bintu vyamaze gushika imbere y’intahe.
Iyo umwaka urangiye hari dosiye ivyazo bitaratungana, umurwi uca ubandanya
ubikurikirana mu mwaka ukurikira. Idosiye 90 kw’172 zarashoboye gutungana kuva
mu mwaka w’i 2011 gushika mu mwaka w’i 2013, ni ukuvuga ibice 57%.
1) Abasaba impanuro y’inzira bofata hamwe n’abasaba gufashwa
gushika imbere
Turavye ivyashikiriye umurwi vyerekeye abasaba impanuro ku nzira bofata hamwe
n’abasaba gufashishwa umushingwamanza, biragarara ko abanyagihugu benshi
bataramenya ivyerekeye indinganizo y’ivy’intwaro n’ivy’ubucamanza. Hari n’ibindi
twabonye bijanye n’ukuntu bigora abanyagihugu gushikira inzego zotegerejwe
kubatunganiriza, zaba iza Leta canke iz’abikorera utwabo. Ivyo twasanze biva ku
kudatunganywa neza kw’izo nzego canke ku kwikwega mu kwitaho abanyagihugu
n’ukubatunganiriza. Hari aho twasanga dosiye z’abanyagihugu zarazimiye, canke naho
amasango baha abataka izo nzego ari kure na kure rwose iyo aramutse atangwa.
Abasangirakivi bo mu murwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zinamuntu
barafashije abatatse umurwi gutumbera inzego zobatunganiriza, haba muri parake, mu
masentare canke ku rwego rw’Umuhuza w’Abarundi.
Abandi batatse umurwi kenshi ni abanyororo babona bimuriwe mu rindi bohero mu
buryo butumvikana kandi bajanywe kure y’imiryango yabo na kure y’amasentare
ashinzwe guca imanza zabo, ivyo bigatuma imanza zabo zidindira. Basaba ko umurwi
wobavugira ku buyobozi bukuru bw’amabohero no ku mabohero vyega ngo
babagumize aho bari. Ibindi vyasabwa vyari bijanye n’abarwaye ingwara zidakira
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bategerezwa gutezurirwa ufatiye ku ngingo y’i 138 y’itegeko nshikiranganji inomero
550/782 yo ku wa 30 ruheshi 2004 rigenga iringanizwa ry’amabohero.
2) Abasaba abashingwamanza bobafasha imburano
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zinamuntu wararonse abantu batari bake
bawutaka basaba ngo ubaronse abashingwamanza, ariko uyu murwi nta buryo bukwiye
wari ufise ngo utunganirize abawutumbereye bose. Mu mwaka w’i 2013, abasavye
abashingwamanza bashitse 45. Ufashe abatatse umurwi kuva mu mwaka w’i 2011
gushika mu 2013, igitigiri gica kiba 121. Uburyo umurwi wari ufise bwo gufa
agashirukabute abashingwamanza hamwe n’ibindi umuntu ategerezwa kuriha bwari
buke rwose, ivyo bituma Umurwi ushobora gufasha abantu bagera kw’10% gusa.
Umurwi warashizeho indinganizo ishinga ivyo wofatirako mu gufashisha abawutaka
ubwo buryo bw’abashingwamanza kugira ngo ibintu bikorwe mu buryo bwumvikana,
ata karenganyo, ata nkunzi, kandi turavye uburyo buriho. Iyo ndinganizo iraba cane
cane bene guhohoterwa n’abashinzwe abahohotewe. Umurwi waranaravye ubwoko
bw’amahohoterwa ubona ko bwihutirwa gusumba ubundi. Umurwi uritaho rwose
abahohoterwa kubera imvo za politike, ukaraba n’ukuntu abawituye ari abakene ba
ntahonikora canke abantu badafise amagara n’ububasha bukwiye ngo birwanire canke
bikingire2 :
Abo Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu udafasha bari muri iyi
mirwi ikurikira :
 Abasanzwe bafashwa n’ayandi mashirahamwe nk’iry’abashingwamanza
batagira imbibe, OIDEB, APRODH, ACAT, n’ayandi ;
 Abubakanye bariko barondera kwahukana ;
 Abanyagihugu bari mu kutumvikana kujanye n’imanza z’amatati, kiretse
iyo bigaragara ko urubanza rutariko rurakurikiza amategeko canke iyo
umwe mu baburanyi akiri umwana mutoyi atarakwiza imyaka y’abakuze
itunganijwe n’amategeko.
Uretse iyo mirwi duhejeje gushikiriza y’abatatse Umurwi wigenga ujejwe agateka ka
zina muntu, hariho n’abandi batase Umurwi bawushikiriza ubundi bwoko
bw’ihohoterwa.
3) Abatatse umurwi bawushikiriza ihohoterwa ry’agateka ko
kwidegemvya no kugira umutekano wa muntu
2
Aba bantu ni barya, uravye ububasha bafise, uburyo bafise canke ubwenge bwabo, biboneka neza ko
badashobora gukingira utwabo n’agateka kabo
7
Idosiye 27 zarashikirye umurwi mu mwaka w’i 2013. Umurwi warakoreye kw’idosiye
18 zirava mu nzira, 8 nazo umurwi uracariko urazikurikirana. Dosiye imwe niyo
umurwi utashoboye kwakira kuko wasanze abawutatse bavuga ibintu bidafashe,
ntibavuge neza igihe ivyo bavuga vyabereye ngo batomore amazina y’abo bavyagiriza.
Abatatse umurwi kuri iyo dossier bashaka ko wobafasha guhungira mu kindi gihugu.
Ku vyerekeye iryo hohoterwa ry’agateka ko kwidegemvya no kugira umutekano wa
muntu, umurwi wasanze vyinshi bishingiye ku bwoba n’ukwinubana kuri hagati
y’abanyagihugu batatse umurwi hamwe na bamwe bamwe mu barongoye inzego
z’intwaro canke inzego z’umutekano.
Hari n’ibindi twasanze bifatiye ku bihe vya politike vyerekeza ku matora yo mu 2015,
ugasanga hari ukwikenana n’ukwinubana hagati y’abari mu migambwe itari ku
butegetsi hamwe na bamwe bamwe mu barongoye igipolisi canke intwaro, canke
abanywanyi b’umugambwe CNDD-FDD. Iyo umurwi usanze aho ariho ingorane zifatiye,
waca ushikira abarongozi b’izo nzego twavuze tukabiganira. Ivyo biganiro vyarafasha,
bigatuma abo barongozi banagiranira ibiganiro n’ababidogera canke babagiriza. Ni muri
iyo nzira twashoboye gutunganya amadosiye 80 ku yashika 103 yari yashikiriye
umurwi.
Ariko hariho amadosiye n’ubu akiri mu nzira kandi biboneka ko azotwara umwanya
n’ugutohoza gukwiye. Ayo nayo usanga afatiye ku bihe vya politike igihugu kirimwo,
nk’ivyereke abanyapolitike bakurikira : Agathon Rwasa, Cheauvineau Murwengezo na
François Nyamoya.
Biraboneka neza ko umuti urama ari uwushingiye ku ndinganizo y’ivya politike, abo
vyega bakagenda baraba ukuntu bobandanya bashira mu ngiro rwa rupapuro ndanganzira bumvikanako mu ntumbero yo kwitegurira amatora yo mu mwaka w’i 2015.
4) Abatatse umurwi bawushikiriza ihohoterwa ry’agateka
k’ugudapfungirwa ubusa canke kudapfungwa mu buryo
butajanye n’amategeko
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wakiriye
dosiye 14 z’abawutaka ku vyagirizi vy’ugupfungirwa ubusa canke ugupfungwa mu
buryo buteye kubiri n’amategeko. Dosiye 3 zarashoboye gutorerwa umuti, izindi 11
umwaka waheze zikiriko zirakurikiranwa. Kuva mu 2011 gushika mu 2013, abatatse
umurwi ku bijanye n’ukwo gupfungwa bashika 80. Idosiye 30 zaratunganye. 49
ziracariko zirakurikiranwa. Imwe ni yo itashoboye kwakirwa. Imyidogo myinshi usanga
ifatiye ku kuntu inzira y’ubutungane yikwega rwose, imanza zikadindira n’iyo
zaramutse zitangura kuburanishwa. Mu busho bwo mu gipolisi, iyo umurwi w’igihugu
wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu usanze hari ibijanye n’ihohoterwa waca
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ubishikiriza abarongoye igipolisi hamwe n’inyamiramabi zishinzwe ayo madosiye,
kenshi na kenshi ihohoterwa rigaca rihagarikwa.
5) Abatatse umurwi bawushikiriza ihohoterwa ry’agateka ko
gukingira itunga rya muntu
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wakiriye
amadosiye 13 ajanye n’ihohoterwa ry’agateka ko gukingira itunga rya muntu. Muri ayo
madosiye, menshi yari yerekeye amatati y’amatongo amaze gushika muri sentare.
Kubera ko Umurwi utakira ibijanye n’imanza zimaze gushika muri sentare, ico wakora
kwari ugukurikirana ukuntu izo manza ziriko ziratera imbere, uraba ko zigenda zisunga
amategeko kandi zikurikiza ubutungane n’ingingo.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zinamuntu barawutatse ku vyerekeye
amatati amaze gushika mu murwi w’igihugu ujejwe ivy’amatongo n’ayandi matungo.
Gushika ubu, Umurwi w’igihugu ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu nturagiranira
amasezerano n’umurwi w’igihugu uraba ivy’amatongo n’ayandi matungo ku vyerekeye
ukuntu iyo mirwi ibiri yokorana. Ko ata tegeko rishasha ryari bwabeho ryerekeye ivya
sentare idasanzwe iraba ibijanye n’ivyaciye mu murwi uraba ivy’amatongo n’ayandi
matungo, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga uejejwe agateka ka zina muntu waca utumbereza
abawutatse amasentare asanzwe ari mu gihugu.
6) Ibijajanye n’ihohoterwa ry’agateka ko kutakwa ubuzima
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, abatatse umurwi ku bijajnye n’ukutakwa ubuzima canke aho
umurwi wo nyene ubwawo waciye wishinga gukurikirana ihohoterwa wumvise ni
amadosiye 6. Kuva Umurwi utanguye gukora, amadosiye twakiriye ajanye n’iryo
hohoterwa ry’ukwakwa ubuzima ni 33. Muri ayo, 29 aracariko arakurikiranwa mu
butungane. Ayo madosiye arateba rwose, ivyo bikava cane cane ku kuntu bigora
kuronka ivyabona vyemera kuza kwemeza ivyo vyabonye, canke naho ugasanga
ivyabona biba kure hakabura uburyo bwo kuvyunguruza. Hariho n’ikindi kibazo
nyamukuru kijanye n’ugukingira abahohotewe canke ivyabona kuko baguma baterwa
ubwoba canke bagahirwa.
7) Abatatse umurwi ku vyerekeye agateka ko kudasinzikarizwa
ubuzima bwa muntu (torture)
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, Umurwi warakiriye amadosiye 10 ajanye n’ihohoterwa risinzikaza
ubuzima bwa muntu. Muri ayo madosiye, 8 yarashoboye kwemezwa ko vy’ukuri
ihohoterwa ryabaye.
Umurwi uranabandanya ukurikirana ayandi madosiye wari waronse kuva ugitangura
ibikorwa, nayo akaba ari 15 ku yashika 30 wari waronse.
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2. Kwama ugendura amabohero yose, wabimenyesheje canke
utabimenyesheje, kandi ugashikiriza abategetsi babifitiye ububasha
ivyokorwa mu ntumbero y’uko abapfunzwe bokworoherezwa
kuruta uko vyahora.
Kugira ngo Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu umenye neza
ivyerekeye iyubahirizwa ry’ingingo zijanye n’ingene inyamiramabi n’abandi vyega mu
rwego rw’ubutungane bafata abantu bakabapfunga, waragendeye ubusho n’amabohero
amwe amwe mu makomine y’intara zitandukanye.
a) Kugenzura amabohero
Dufatiye ku mabohero Umurwi wagendeye mu mwaka w’i 2013, ibiteye kubiri
n’amategeko twasanze bikunda gushika ni ibi :
- Abapfungwa baramara igihe kirenze rwose igitegekanijwe n’amategeko
batararengutswa imbere y’intahe ;
- Benshi mu bapfungwa baridoga kubona bataburanishwa, na cane cane abava
mu ntara zitagira amabohero bakajanwa gupfungirwa mu zindi ntara. Basaba
ko abacamanza bobasanga iyo bapfungiwe kugira ngo imanza zabo
ziburanishwe n’ingoga ;
- Hari amadosiye menshi y’imanza amara amezi menshi mu mwiherero.
b) Kugenzura ubusho bw’inyamiramabi
Dutanze urugero, mu mwaka w’i 2013, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka
zina muntu waragendeye ubusho bwo muri aya makomine : Bwambarangwe, Busoni,
Buterere, Cibitoke, Kamenge, Kinama, Ngagara, Gihosha, Rutana, Bukemba, Makamba,
Bururi, , Kinindo, Musaga, Ruyigi, Gitega, Mwaro, Ndava, n’Ibiro bikuru vy’iperereza vy’i
Bujumbura. Muri ubwo busho, hari ubwo Umurwi wasanze bumeze nabi cane.
Hari n’ibindi biteye kubiri n’amategeko Umurwi wabonye. Uburorero ni nk’ubu : Hari
abantu wasanga bapfungiwe ibintu vy’amatati atari ivyaha. Hari abapfungwa wasanga
batarakwiza imyaka yo gupfungwa. Hari abo wasanga bamaze kurenza ya misi indwi yo
gupfungwa ic’amaso. Hari abo wasanga ico bagirizwa kitanditswe mu gitabu
c’abapfungwa. Hari abo wasanga bafise ingorane zo kuva mu makomine ngo
bashikanwe mu busho bw’inyamiramabi. Hari abo wasanga batagira amazi, n’ibindi.
3. Kurwanya isinzikazwa ry’ubuzima bwa kiremwa muntu n’ugufata
umuntu
bunyamaswa
nk’uko
bitegekanijwe
n’amategeko
mpuzamakungu, ay’akarere Uburundi burimwo canke ay’igihugu
avyerekeye.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zinamuntu ufatanije n’ishirahamwe
ryitwa « Initiative Article 5 » ryo muri Repubulika ya Afrika y’epfo waratunganije
uruganda kw’igenekerezo rya 22 Munyonyo 2013. Uwo ruganda rwari urwo kumenya
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n’ugutunganya ibikoresho vyofasha gushira mu ngiro isezerano mpuzamakungu
ryerekeye kurwanya isinzikazwa ry’ubuzima bwa kiremwa muntu n’ugufata umuntu
bunyamaswa, hamwe n’irindi sezerano ryitiriwe Robben Island (rya zinga Nelson
Mandera yapfungirwako imyaka myinshi). Urwo ruganda rwabaye intango y’urugendo
rurerure tuzobandanya. Hari ayandi manama atatu yakurikiye urwo ruganda.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu warashimishijwe n’uko
Uburundi bwateye igikumu kuri ya masezerano bita « protocole facultatif » aherekeza
rya sezerano mpuzamakungu ryerekeye kurwanya isinzikazwa ry’ubuzima bwa
kiremwa muntu n’ugufata umuntu bunyamaswa, igihugu cacu kikaba cariyemeje
gushinga urwego rw’igihugu rukurikirana ivy’ukurwanya isinzikazwa ry’ubuzima bwa
kiremwa muntu n’ugufata umuntu bunyamaswa nk’uko bisabwa n’arya masezerano
mperekeza.
4. Kurwanya ugusambanya ku nguvu n’ayandi mabi afatiye ku gitsina.
Kw’igenekerezo rya 4 Ruheshi 2013, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka
zinamuntu ufatanije n’ibiro biserukira Ishirahamwe Mpuzamakungu hano mu Burundi
waratunganije uruganda rwo gukaburira indongozi zimwe zimwe ivyerekeye kurwanya
ihohoterwa ry’abantu rifatiye ku gitsina. Uyu murwi w’igihugu waratunganije igikorwa
c’ubushakashatsi kugira ngo tumenye ico ingingo zerekeye ico kibazo ziri mu gitabu
c’amategeko yerekeye ingene imanza z’ivyaha zitohozwa, ziburanishwa n’ingene
zicibwa co muri Ndamukiza 2009 zashikanyeko igihugu. Ivyo umurwi wabonye
turabisanga mu gice ca kabiri c’iki cegeranyo.
Abatatse Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu ku bijanye
n’ugusambanya ku nguvu hamwe n’ihohoterwa rifatiye ku gitsina twaca tubitumbereza
mu butungane. Biragara ko ata bantu benshi baritura Umurwi ku bijanye n’ico kibazo.
5. Kwitura abashikirizamanza ku vyerekeye ihonyangwa ry’agateka ka
zinamuntu.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zinamuntu warabandanije utura
ubushikirizamanza ibijanye n’abawutatse, haba mu nyandiko canke mu kubivugana
imbonankubone.
Dufatiye nko ku karorero, igenekerezo rya 9 Mukakaro 2013, Umurwi warandikiye
Umushikirizamanza mukuru wa Repubulika (N/Réf : CNIDH/81/E.N/JGN/2013)
umutura iyicwa ry’umwana w’umukobwa yitwa Tuyisenge Ancille wo ku mutumba
Buhayira, Zone Nyambuye, komine Isale mu ntara ya Bujumbura. Iryo yicwa ryari
ryabaye ku wa 30 Munyonyo 2012. Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina
muntu wasaba ko urwego rw’ubutungane rwokorana n’urwego rw’igipolisi rwize
ivy’amatohoza y’ububisha nk’ubwo kuko wabona ko hashobora kuba harimwo ibijanye
n’urudandazwa rw’ibihimba vy’umubiri w’umuntu.
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6. Kuburanira canke gufasha abo agateka kahonyanzwe kwiburanira,
cane cane abagore, abana n’abandi batishoboye.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu waragerageje ivyo ushoboye
bijanye n’uburyo bw’amafaranga wari ufise. Mu mwaka w’i 2013, Umurwi wafashije mu
madosiye 9.
7. Gukebura Reta ku vyerekeye ihonyangwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu
aho ribaye hose mu gihugu, no kuyishikiriza ingingo zose zotuma
agateka ka zina muntu gakingirwa kandi kabubahirizwa.
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
warashikirije amatangazo atatu ajanye n’ivyari vyashitse mu gihugu. Hari itangazo ryari
ryerekeye ivy’isoko nkuru y’i Bujumbura yari yahiye igenekerezo rya 27 Nzero 2013.
Irindi tangazo ryari ryerekeye iyicwa ry’abantu i Businde muri komine Gahombo, intara
ya Kayanza ku wa kabiri igenekerezo rya 12 Ntwarante 2013. Itangazo rya gatatu naryo
ryari ryerekeye ikibazo co guhindura ingingo zimwe zimwe z’Ibwirizwa Nshingiro rya
Repubulika y’Uburundi (6 Kigarama 2013).
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zinamuntu warashikiriye abarongozi
b’inzego zinyuranye z’igihugu ubatura ibibazo biraje ishinga abanyagihugu bikaba
bikeneye inyishu ibereye. Ni muri iyo ntumbero Umurwi watuye umukuru wa Sentare
Ntahinyuzwa hamwe n’umushikiranganji w’ubutungane uburorero bumwe bumwe
bw’ukudatunganiriza abantu bwerekana ko hariho ihohoterwa rijanye n’ukudashikira
ubutungane burimwo ingingo. Mu makete twabandikiye, Umurwi warasubira
gukebura abo barongozi ku vyerekeye uguteba guca imanza bidindiza
ubutungane, ukwama bariko baratanga amasango y’imanza atubahirizwa ngo
abantu baburane, canke ukuntu amadosiye azimira ntaboneke mw’iyandikiro
ry’imanza.
B. GUTEZA IMBERE AGATEKA KA ZINA MUNTU
Aha twisunga ingingo ya 5 y’ibwirizwa rishinga Umurwi wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina
muntu.
1. Gutunganya inama n’inganda z’ukwigisha ivyerekeye agateka ka zina
muntu.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu, waba wonyene canke
wifatanije n’ayandi mashirahamwe canke izindi nzego, waratunganije amanama
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n’inganda zerekeye kwigisha n’ugukaburira abanyagihugu agateka ka zina muntu.
Haratunganijwe amanama n’inganda zerekeye abarongozi mu ntara no mu ma komine
(abo mu ntwaro, mu bucamanza, mu gipolisi, mu gisirikare, mu rwego rw’iperereza, mu
bamenyeshamakuru, mu mashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politike) kugira ngo
bamenye umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu n’ukuntu ukora. Ayo
manama yaca aba n’akaryo ko kwigisha no gutsimbataza ibitari bike bijanye n’agateka
ka zina muntu.
2. Guteza imbere agateka k’umukenyezi n’ak’umwana biciye nko mu
nyigisho, mu kumenyesha no mu guhanahana amakuru ku vyerekeye
agateka ka zina muntu.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu waratumye abahinga ngo
basesangure ivyerekeye ivy’imanza zijanye n’ihohoterwa rifatiye ku gitsina kuva
habonetse igitabu gishasha c’amategeko yerekeye ingene imanza z’ivyaha zitohozwa,
ziburanishwa n’ingene zicibwa co mu mwaka w’i 2009 (L’audit judiciaire des
violences basées sur le genre: niveau d’application de la législation en vigueur
depuis la promulgation du code pénal d’avril 2009). Uyu murwi waragirishije
n’irindi sesangura ryekeye urudandazwa n’ikubagurwa ry’abana (l’exploitation et le
trafic des enfants).
Ivyo Umurwi wabonye n’impanuro ubitangako turabisanga mu gice ca kabiri c’iki
cegeranyo.
3. Kugira isekeza mu gihugu cose ryo kumenyesha ivyerekeye agateka ka zina
muntu no guhimiriza kukubahiriza.
a) Isekeza ryo gukaburira iyubahirizwa ry’ukwishira n’ukwizana
kw’abanyagihugu
Isekeza rijanye n’iri yubahirizwa ryarakozwe ibihe bitatu dufatiye kuri bwa buserukizi
bw’Umurwi bwashinzwe mu ntara za Gitega, Makamba na Ngozi. Ihangiro nyamukuru
kwari ukurabira hamwe aho iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko agenga ukwishira n’ukwizana
kw’abanyagihugu rigeze dufatiye cane cane kw’itegurwa ry’amatora azoba mu 2015,
ayo matora twese tukaba twipfuza ko yoba mu mwidegemvyo kandi akabera ku
mugaragaro (Le respect des lois régissant les libertés publiques : enjeux majeurs
pour des élections libres et transparentes, édition 2015).
Iryo sekeza ryahuza abantu n’inzego zifise uruhara runini mw’ikingirwa ry’ukwishira
n’ukwizana kw’abanyagihugu nka ba Buramatari, abarongozi b’imigambwe, abakuru
b’imirwi y’urwaruka yamuka ku migambwe, abarongoye inzego z’ubutungane, abakuru
mu rwego rw’igipolisi, abakuru mu biro vy’iperereza, abamenyeshamakuru
n’abaserukizi b’urwego rwigenga rushinzwe ivy’amatora mu ntara. Muri iryo sekeza,
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abitavye inama bariyemeje ivy’ukwubahiriza ukwishira n’ukwizana kw’abanyagihugu
muri iki gihe gitegura amatora no mu matora, baranemeza ibikwiye kwisungwa
n’imirwi itandukanye kugira ngo hakomezwe amahoro mu migenderanire y’imigambwe
n’urwaruka ruyamukako. Mugabo bose baguma bagaruka ku ruhara ntangere
rw’abakuru b’imigambwe ku rwego rw’igihugu, nabo bakaba bibera ku murwa
mukuru w’i Bujumbura.
b) Amanama yo gukaburira abanyagihugu gukingira abaharanira agateka
ka zina muntu
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu warafatanije n’ibiro
vy’umukomiseri mukuru w’Inama Mpuzamakungu ashinzwe ivy’agateka ka zina muntu
hamwe n’ubushikiranganji bwo gufatana mu nda, agateka ka zina muntu
n’ukudakumirana kugira ngo bahanahane ivyiyumviro n’abandi batumire ku vyerekeye
ikingirwa ry’abaharanira agateka ka zina muntu muri iki gice ca Afrika yo hagati
n’ahandi. Ihangiro kwari ukuraba amategeko n’ibindi umuntu yoteza imbere aha mu
Burundi kugira abaharanira agateka ka zina muntu bakingirwe mu buryo bubereye.
Ni muri iyo ntumbero Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
warasavye abahinga ngo begeranye ivyiyumviro vyofasha mu kwubaka itegeko canke
ibwirizwa ryoza rikingira abaharanira agateka ka zina muntu. Abo bahinga
baranashikirije ibindi vyiyumviro vy’ivyokorwa bijanye n’iryo kingirwa n’aho bitoba
biri muri iryo bwirizwa.
Ariko urugendo ruracari rurerure.
4. Gukwiragiza amategeko y’igihugu na mpuzamakungu yerekeye uguteza
imbere n’ugukingira agateka ka zina muntu mu gushimikira ku
burenganzira bujanye n’ubwenegihugu na poritike, ubujanye n’ubutunzi
n’imibano hamwe no ku gateka k’abakenyezi n’ak’abana
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu warafatanije n’ibiro
vy’umukomiseri mukuru w’Inama Mpuzamakungu ashinzwe ivy’agateka ka zina muntu
hamwe n’ubushikiranganji bwo gufatana mu nda, agateka ka zina muntu
n’ukudakumirana kugira ngo turabire hamwe ingene ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ivyavuye muri
rya suzumwa ry’Uburundi mu Nama Mpuza Makungu i Genève ryo mu 2013 ryogenda.
Ihangiro rya mbere kwari ukumenyekanisha ivyavuye muri iryo suzumwa mu
barongozi b’inzego za Reta n’abo mu mashirahamwe yigenga canke adaharanira
inyungu za poritike. Irindi hangiro kwari ukuraba ibikenewe gukorwa canke
gushirwaho kugira ngo ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ivyasabwe n’amakungu bitunganywe neza.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu waboneyeho no gushikiriza
indinganizo yeteguwe n’urunani rw’ibihugu bivuga ururimi rw’igifaransa rwerekana ido
n’ido ukuntu ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ivyavuye muri yene ayo masuzumwa ryogenda.
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Ibiganiro bishingiye kuri ico gikorwa vyaratunganijwe i Bujumbura, i Gitega n’i Ngozi,
tukaba twizeye ko iryo shirwa mu ngiro rizobandanya rikurikiranwa neza.
5. Gufasha guteza imbere ivyerekeye ugufatwa kumwe imbere y’amategeko
n’ukudakumirana nk’uko vyemejwe n’Ibwirizwa Nshingiro.
Ku bijanye n’uguteza imbere ivyerekeye ugufatwa kumwe imbere y’amategeko
n’ukudakumirana, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
washingiye cane cane ku mirwi y’abantu idakunda kwitabwaho nk’iy’abantu bagendana
ubumuga, abahungutse canke abateshejwe izabo bagahungira mu makampi ari mu
gihugu.
Igenekerezo rya 10 Kigarama, amakungu yama ahimbaza rya tangazo mpuza makungu
ry’agateka ka zina muntu ryemezwa mu 1949. Mu mwaka w’i 2013 amakungu
yahimbaza incuro ya 65 iryo tangazo, yongera ahimbaza incuro igira 20 ishingwa rya ya
nama mpuzamakungu y’agateka ka zina muntu (Conseil des droits de l'homme).
Ihangiro ry’iryo himbazwa ryashingiye ku guteza imbere agateka k’abagendana
ubumuga.
Kuri nya musi, abagize Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
twaragendeye ca kigo c’abafise ingwara zo mu mutwe co mu Kamenge. Ibigoye ico kigo
nk’uko abagishinzwe babitwiganiye turabishikiriza mu gice ca kabiri c’iki cegeranyo.
Ku vyerekeye abateshejwe izabo, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina
muntu waragiye incuro zine muri Komine Ruhororo yo mu ntara ya Ngozi kugira ngo
uganire n’abo vyega ivyerekeye ingorane zijanye n’ikibazo c’abateshejwe izabo
gifatanye n’ic’abanyagihugu baho binjiriye amatongo aho habereye ibara ryaguye mu
mwaka w’i 1993. Umurwi washaka kuronka umuco ukwiye kugira ngo ugire ico uterera
n’impanuro woha abarongozi b’igihugu ku vyerekeye induru zari muri Ruhororo.
Ivyabera muri Ruhororo vyasa n’ivyashobora kubera mu bindi bice vy’igihugu hari
amakampi y’abateshejwe izabo, amatongo y’abantu baho akaba yarafashwe n’abatari
beneyo.
6. Gutunganya ivyigwa n’ukugira ubushakashatsi ku vyerekeye agateka ka
zina muntu
Kugira ngo Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu ushikirize
abarongozi b’igihugu impanuro zifadika, waragirishije isesangura ku bibazo bimwe
bimwe bihanze igihugu uravye iterambere ry’ivya’agateka ka zina muntu. Ivyigwa bine
vyaratunganijwe, bibiri bikaba vyerekeye uburenganzira bujanye n’ubwenegihugu na
poritike, ibindi bibiri bikaba vyerekeye imibano n’ubutunzi.
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Mu bijanye n’ubwene gihugu na poritike, Umurwi wize ikibazo c’ukuntu abanyagihugu
bashikira uburengazira bwo kwitura amasentare hamwe n’ikibazo c’urundandazwa
n’uguhohoterwa kw’abana. Mu bijanye n’ubutunzi n’imibano, umurwi wize ibijanye
n’uguhana ihohoterwa rifatiye ku gitsina kuva aho igitabu c’amategeko yerekeye ingene
imanza z’ivyaha zitohozwa, ziburanishwa n’ingene zicibwa co mu 2009 kibonekeye,
hamwe n’ibijanye n’agateka ko kuronka indero n’inyigisho ufatiye kw’ihinduka
ry’indinganizo y’inyigisho mu mashure y’intango, amashure shingiro n’amashure ya
Kaminuza.
Ivyavuye muri ayo masesangura n’ivyo Umurwi wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
uhanura Reta biri mu gice ca gatatu c’iki cegeranyo.
C. IBANGA RYO GUHANURA INZEGO ZA RETA
1. Gushikiriza ka buhanuzwajambo Reta n’Urwego Nshingamateka, vyaba
bisabwe n’abategetsi vyega canke Umurwi uvyibwirije, ivyiyumviro,
ibisabwa gukurikizwa n’ivyokorwa ku bibazo vyose vyerekeye uguteza
imbere n’ugukingira agateka ka zina muntu, cane cane mu nteguro
z’amategeko yerekeye agateka ka zina muntu.
Ng’utu uturorero tw’ivyakozwe bijanye n’ivyo itegeko rigenga umurwi risaba:
a) Gufasha mu kibazo ca sendika y’abadandaza SYGECO n’ic’ishirahamwe
ryari rishinzwe isoko nkuru ya Bujumbura SOGEMAC ku bijanye
n’inkurikizi ry’isha ry’isoko nkuru ya Bujumbura. Kuri ico kibazo,
Umurwi warakoranye n’ibiro vy’icegera ca kabiri c’umukuru w’igihugu
hamwe n’umukuru w’igisagara ca Bujumbura.
b) Gufasha ka muhuza ku kibazo cari hagati y’amasendika hamwe
n’ubushikiranganji bujejwe abakozi ba Reta, akazi n’ugutegekaniriza
abakozi
Iki gikorwa cafasha kugira ngo abantu bagume bemera kuganira kandi
haboneke ico bahuriyeko kibagumiza baraba inzira imwe.
2. Kugira imigenderanire y’ugufashanya n’amashirahamwe ajejwe agateka
ka zina muntu ku rwego rw’igihugu, urinani rwi’nzego z’ibihugu zijejwe
agateka ka zina muntu ku rwego rw’akarere Uburundi burimwo na
mpuzamakungu yitaho agateka ka zina muntu.
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
wabandanije wongereza abagenzi mu bajejwe agateka ka zina muntu haba mu karere ka
Afrika canke mu bindi bice vy’isi. Umurwi warasavye kwemerwa n’ugukorana n’umurwi
wa Afrika ushinzwe agateka ka zina muntu n’ak’abanyagihugu. Waraninjiye mu runani
rw’imirwi y’ibihugu ijejwe agateka ka zina muntu rwo muri Afrika yo hagati igizwe
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n’ibihugu vya Kameruni, Kongo, Republika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo hamwe
n’Urwanda.
D. IBIJANYE NO GUKOMEZA UMURWI W’IGIHUGU
1. Ubuserukizi bw’umurwi mu ntara
Kugira ngo umurwi wiyegereze abanyagihugu bo mu ntara, haruguruwe mu mwaka w’i
2012 ubuserukizi butatu bw’umurwi bushinzwe gukurikirana ibibera mu ntara.
Ubuserukizi bw’i Gitega bukurikirana intara za Cankuzo, Gitega, Karusi, Mwaro na
Ruyigi. Ubuserukizi bwa Makamba buraba intara za Bururi, Makamba na Rutana. Na yo
ubuserukizi bwa Ngozi bukurikirana intara za Kayanza, Kirundo, Muyinga na Ngozi.
Igice c’uburengero bw’igihugu kigizwe n’intara za Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bujumbura yo
mu gisagara, Cibitoke na Muramvya kiracakurikiranirwa ku cicaro gikuru c’umurwi i
Bujumbura. Kuva muri Nzero umwaka w’i 2013, abakozi b’umurwi baciye batangura
gukorera imisi yose mu buserukizi bwo mu ntara kandi bakaguma yo.
2. Ugukarihiriza
basangirakivi
ubwenge
abakomiseri
b’umurwi
hamwe
n’abandi
Ugukarihiriza ubwenge abo mu murwi birangurwa mu buryo bwinshi. Aha mu gihugu,
abakomiseri n’abandi bakozi barafashijwe n’amanama canke inganda z’ivyigwa
zatunganywa n’inzego zinyuranye canke ayandi mashirahamwe dusangiye
imyitwarariko. Ku vyerekeye ibindi bihugu naho, abo mu murwi barafashijwe n’inganda
zatunganijwe muri aka karere k’umuryango wa Afrika yo mu buseruko, baraja mu
nganda zindi zabera mu bindi bihugu vya Afrika hamwe n’izabera mu yandi makungu.
3. Abakozi, ibikoresho n’ububuryo bw’amafaranga
a) Abakozi
Ko uyu murwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu ukiri mushasha,
uracakeneye kwiyegereza abanyagihugu mu ntara zose kugira ngo bumve ko ari uwabo.
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, nta basangirakivi bashasha umurwi washoboye guha akazi kubera
ko indinganizo y’amafaranga Reta yahaye umurwi atongerekanye kandi ari make.
b) Ibikoresho n’uburyo bw’amafaranga
Ibi twamaze kubivuga. Uburyo ntibukwiye namba. Turacarindiriye ko inzego za Reta
zibifisemwo uruhara, harimwo n’Inama Nshingamateka, inzego zikurikirana
ivy’amabwirizwa, n’ubushikiranganji bushinzwe ubutunzi n’itegekanywa ry’iterambere,
ko zigira ico zihinduye kigaragara, na rirya iterambere rirama ryama ari iryubakiye ku
mushinge w’iyubahiriza n’ikomezwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu.
17
II. IGICE CA KABIRI : ICEREGERANYO CEREKEYE INGENE AGATEKA KA ZINA MUNTU
KARI KIFASHE
A. IBIKURU BIKURU VYARANGA POLITIKE, UMUTEKANO, UBUTUNGANE,
IMIBANO N’UBUTUNZI MU MWAKA W’I 2013
1. Ibikuru bikuru vyaranga politike
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, ariwo wari umeze nk’uwuza hagati y’amatora yo mu 2010 n’ayo
mu 2015, harabonetse ibishimishije n’ibiteye amakenga mu vyerekeye ibiganiro vya
politike, umuntu akabona ko amatora yo mu mwaka w’i 2010 yagize ingaruka nini, na
cane cane ko abarongozi bamwe bamwe b’imigambwe baciye bahunga canke
bakanyegera. Harabayeho itunganywa ry’ibiganiro ryatumye hanagaruka muri ruheshi
2012 abarongozi bamwe bamwe b’imigambwe bari bahunze. Mu mwaka w’i 2013, uwo
mutima w’ugusubira kwegerana n’ugusubira kuja inama warabandanije ufashijwe
n’ubuserukizi bw’Inama Mpuzamakungu aha mu Burundi. Ubwo buserukizi bukoranye
na Reta y’Uburundi bwaratunganije uruganda kuva kw’igenekerezo ya 11 gushika ku
rya 13 Ntwarante 2013 rwahuje abafise uruhara mu vya politike. Harabaye n’ayandi
manama yakurikiye ashimangira iyo nzira.
Ariko ntitwovuga ivyaranga politike ngo tureke kwibutsa umwitwararuko
abanyagihugu bagize ujanye n’ishwanyuka ry’imigambwe mu mirwi itabonana, hamwe
n’ugusotorana n’ubundi bugizi bwa nabi bwagizwe n’urwaruka ruri mu mihari yamuka
ku migambwe. Uturorero umuntu yotubonera mu rwaruka rw’umugambwe CNDD-FDD,
urwaruka rw’umugambwe MSD hamwe n’urwaruka rw’umugambwe FRODEBUNyakuri. Ikintu nyamukuru gishimishije kandi cobandanya cubakirwako ni rwa
rupapuro ndanga-nzira rwemezwa n’abanyamigambwe bose.
Mu vya politike, ikindi kintu tutokwibagira ni rya tanga ry’imihoho ry’icegera ca
mbere c’umukuru w’igihugu kubera ukutumvikana kwari mu mugambwe
w’abadasigana.
Ikindi cabonetse mu mwaka w’i 2013 ni impari y’abanyapolitike n’abari mu
mashirahamwe yigenga, hamwe n’impari zabereye mu Nama Nshingamateka na
Nkenguzamateka ku bibazo bikuru bihanze igihugu. Muri ivyo bibazo harimwo
icerekeye isubirwamwo ry’ingingo zimwe zimwe z’Ibwirizwa Nshingiro imigambwe
itavuga rumwe na Reta hamwe n’abari mu mashirahamwe yigenga babona ko
guhindura izo ngingo kwoba kubaye ugusambura amasezerano y’i Arusha.
Hari n’ayandi mategeko yateye impari, nk’itegeko rigenga umwuga wo kumenyesha
amakuru ryashizweko igikumu n’umukuru w’igihugu igenekerezo rya 4 Ruheshi 2013
hamwe n’itegeko rishinga umurwi w’igihugu uraba ivy’amatongo n’ayandi
18
matungo ryemejwe n’Inama Nshingamateka igenekerezo rya 31 Kigarama 2013.
Ku vyerekeye isubirwamwo ry’ingingo zimwe zimwe z’Ibwirizwa Nshingiro mu gihe
hari impari nyinshi n’imishamirano mu vya poilitke, Umukuru w’Inama
nshingamateka yarakoze igikorwa benshi bashimye co kugirisha uruganda ruhuza
imice itari mike y’Abarundi ngo bicarire ico kibazo ku magenekerezo ya 19 na 20
Kigarama 2013 mu ngoro isasamwo Inama Nshingamateka mu Kigobe. Urwo
ruganda rwahuje abanyapolitike, abo mu mashirahamwe yigenga n’abo mu
mashengero. Abari muri urwo ruganda barumvikanye ku ngingo z’Ibwirizwa Nshingiro
zosubirwamwo imbere y’amatora yo mu 2015 n’izorindira zikazosubirwamwo inyuma
y’amatora.3
Urwo ruganda rwarafashije rwose mu gusubiza imitima mu nda no mu kubona ko
inzira y’ibiganiro ariyo yubaka.
Ku vyerekeye itegeko rigenga umwuga wo kumenyesha amakuru, urunani
rw’abamenyeshamakuru rwo mu Burundi rwaritwariye iryo tegeko muri sentare
yubahiriza Ibwirizwa Nshingiro. Kandi n’Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka
ziba muntu wari waramenyesheje Inama Nshingamteka umwitwarariko wari ufise kuri
iryo tegeko. Ku bijanye n’ibwirizwa rigenga ivy’amatongo n’ayandi matungo, abari mu
migambwe itavuga rumwe na Reta hamwe n’abo mu mashirahamwe yigenga bari
baseruye ukuntu ridashimishije na mba.
Naho ayo mategeko yari yatowe hakurikijwe inzira zisanzwe, ntivyabujije ko mu mice
imwe imwe y’abantu bavuga ko adahuye n’ibitegekanijwe mw’Ibwirizwa Nshingiro
hamwe n’ayandi mateka mpuzamakungu.
Ikindi gihambaye cabonetse mu mwaka w’2013 kijanye n’imigenderanire ya Reta
y’Uburundi n’Ishirahamwe Mpuzamakungu. Ifatiye ku kugene ivyo gutekanya
igihugu vyateye imbere ku buryo bugaragara ikaba inashaka kwihatira ivyerekeye
iterambere, Reta y’Uburundi yarasavye Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Ishirahamwe
Mpuzamakungu ngo ahindure Ibiro vy’Ishirahamwe Mpuzamakungu mu Burundi
mu murwi mutoyi ukurikirana ivy’Uburundi. Ivyo vyari kuba vyarangutse kuva
igenekerezo rya 15 Ruhuhuma 2014. (Voir communiqué de Presse du Ministère des
Relations extérieures et de la Coopération, N°204.20/244/RE/2013). Ishirahamwe
Mpuzamakungu ku bwaryo ryabona ko gufasha mu bijanye n’amatora yo mu 2015, mu
bijanye n’ugukomeza ibiganiro mu begwa n’ivya politike no mu bijanye no gufasha mu
vyerekeye ishirwa mu ngiro rya bwa butungane ku bihugu bivaye mu ntambara canke
mu ntwaro z’umukazo vyasaba ko amakungu abandanya yitaho Uburundi abwegereye.
Gushika mu mpera z’umwaka w’i 2013, ibiganiro vyari bikibandanya hagati ya Reta
y’Uburundi n’iryo shirahamwe Mpuzamakungu.
3
Voir http://www.assemblee.bi/Cloture-de-l-atelier-d-echanges
19
2. Ibikuru bikuru ku bijanye n’umutekano
Ku vyerekeye umutekano, umwaka w’i 2013 wabandanije neza wubakira ku
kunguko k’umutekano kariho mu 2012. Uko gutera imbere mu vy’umutekano
kwajanye n’ukuntu amakungu yizeye Uburundi mu kubushinga ibikorwa vyo
kugarukana amahoro no kuyacungera mu bindi bihugu nko muri Somaliya, muri
Republika ya Afrika yo Hagati, muri Côte d’Ivoire no muri Sudani i Darfour.
Naho umutekano wabandanije utera imbere, imishamirano yari mu rwaruka
rwegamiye imigambwe ya politike yari ifise ingaruka ku kuntu abanyagihugu
bamwe bamwe biyumvamwo umutekano.
Amadosiye y’ivyaha bimwe bimwe vyari vyiswe n’amashirahamwe amwe amwe ngo
ni « exécutions extrajudiciaires » vyari vyakozwe mu 2011 vyarahavuye biraja muri
sentare mu mwaka w’i 2013. Gukurikirana muri sentare vyene ivyo vyaha vyama
bifise ingaruka nziza ku vyerekeye ukurwanya ukudahana, kandi vyaragaragaye ko
vyene ivyo vyaha vyagabanitse muri uwo mwaka w’i 2013. Umwitwarariko ni uko ata
ngingo ya nyuma irashingwa na sentare ku vyerekeye izo manza kugira ngo ukuri
kugaragare ku vyabaye n’abo vyagira.
Naho mu gihugu hagati hariho umutekano ushimishije, harabonetse abagomvye
gutera Uburundi nka ka karwi kakorera mu buseruko bwa Republika iharanira
Demokarasi ya Kongo kari karongowe na Aloïs Nzabampema.
Iterambere mu vyerekeye umutekano ntiryabujije ko habandanya kuboneka ububisha
bw’ukwicana. Muri komisariya y’igipolisi ishinwze bwene ubwo bubisha, Umurwi
w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wasanze urwo rwego rwamenye
abishwe bangana 349 mu mwaka w’i 2011, 338 mu mwaka w’i 2012, n’ 390 mu mwaka
w’i 2013. Ivyo birerekana ko inzego z’igipolisi zitegerezwa kubandanya zirondera
uburyo bwose bubereye bwo gukingira abanyagihugu.
Biraboneka ko igipolisi n’ubutungane bahagurukiye kurwanya no guhasha
abicanyi. Ariko umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
warabonye hamwe hamwe aho izo nzego zitakoze uko zishoboye kwose ngo
zirwanye ubwo bwicanyi nko mu kutagira amatohoza ahera kandi akagira ico
ashitseko.
3. Ibikuru bikuru ku bijanye n’ubucamanza
Mu rwego rw’ubutungane, harabonetse ibintu bihambaye mu mwaka w’i 2013. Aha
twovuga nka ya nama rukokoma y’abo bose begwa n’itunganywa hamwe n’ikora
ry’urwo rwego. Kabaye akaryo keza ko guca irya n’ino ibigoye urwo rwego. Itunganywa
ry’iyo nama rukokoma ku butungane ryari ririndiriwe kuva kera. N’umurwi
w’igihgu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wari waserukiwe. Mugabo n’ubu
20
uwo murwi urarajwe ishinga no kubona icegeranyo c’iyo nama kitaraja ahabona
ngo ivyapfunditswe bitangure kuja mu ngiro.
Ibindi umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu washimye ni nka
rya sekeza ryo gushira mu ngiro imanza zaciwe, ishikirizwa rya ca gitabu
c’ibwirizwa rigenga ingene imanza z’ivyaha zitohozwa n’ingene ziburanishwa
hamwe n’ishirwa mu ngiro rya wa mugambi wo gutsimbataza ubutungane runtu.
4. Ivyerekeye ubutungane mu bihugu bivuye mu ntambara
Ivyerekeye Umurwi wo kumenya ukuri no gusubiza hamwe ntivyateye imbere
rwose mu mwaka w’i 2013.
Uretse ibikorwa bijanye no gutegura itegeko ryogenga uwo murwi, umurwi w’igihugu
wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu warabonye ko abanyagihugu bari bafise
umwitwarariko ko ivyemezo vy’ivyaha vyabaye bitozimanganywa. Aha twovuga
nk’incuti z’abantu biciwe mu Kivyuka, Komine Musigati mu ntara ya Bubanza banse ko
ababo bazurwa nabi igihe hari ibikorwa vyo gukora ibarabara rya Bubanza – Ndora ngo
barisige kaburimbi. Hariho n’ibindi bikorwa bitari bike vyatunganijwe
n’amashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politike ku bijanye n’ukuntu abantu
bokwibuka ababo bishwe nabi hamwe n’ukuntu bofata kahise kabasinzemwo imvune.
5. Bimwe bimwe mu bijanye n’ubutunzi, imibano n’iterambere
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, Reta y’Uburundi yarabandanije utwigoro two guteza imbere
ibijanye n’agateka ka zina muntu mu vyerekeye ubutunzi, imibano n’imico kama.
Hariho ingingo zafashwe mu vy’amabwirizwa n’amategeko bifatiye kuri rya
hangiro ryerekeza igihugu mu bikorwa vyo gutera imbere no kurwanya ubukene
rigira kabiri. Reta yaragirishije uruganda rwo kuraba aho igihugu kigejeje gushira
mu ngiro iryo hangiro igenekerezo rya 6 Kigarama 2013. Igenekerezo rya 26
Myandagaro 2013, Reta yari yatangaje icese ingene hokurikiranwa n’ubuhinga
bubereye kandi bwega igihugu cose ivyerekeye iterambere guhera mu ma zone
n’amakomine, gurtyo hakarwanywa ubukene. Ivyo vyatumye abanyagihugu
babona ko hari iyindi ntumbero yobafasha ibegereye. Igisigaye kandi gikomeye ni
ukuyishira mu ngiro.
Naho dukenguruka ivyo vyateye imbere mu bijanye n’agateka ka zina muntu mu
vy’ubutunzi, imibano n’imico, ingorane ntizaheze. Ikintu nyamukuru cababaje igihugu
cose ni ic’amasoko yagiye arasha, harimwo n’isoko nkuru ya Bujumbura yahiye
igenekerezo rya 27 Nzero 2013. Uwo mucanwa waturiye amasoko warononye ibintu
vyinshi ku butunzi n’ivyerekeye imibano. Reta y’Uburundi yari yaciye yishinga kwubaka
isoko mfatakibanza ku kibuga cegereye COTEBU muri Komine Ngagara. Ibikorwa vyo
21
gutunganya iyo soko vyari vyavuzwe ko bizoba vyarangiye mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa
kane kw’uwo mwaka nyene, ariko umwaka warinze uhera ibikorwa bikibandanya.
Mu ngaruka z’isha ry’isoko nkuru ya Bujumbura, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe
agateka ka zina muntu wagomba uvuge ugushamirana kwabaye hagati y’inzego za Reta
hamwe n’ishirahamwe ryatunganya ivy’iryo soko ryitwa SOGEMAC hamwe na sendika
y’abadandaza yitwa SYGECO.
Isha ry’amasoko ryaragize ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw’abanyagihugu, ivyo bituma
bamwe bamwe mu mashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politike batunganya
imyiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza ibituma ubuzima buzimba.
Ni naho ayo mashirahamwe atari make yahava arungikira umukuru w’igihugu
n’umukuru
w’Inama
Nshingamateka
ikete
risaba
ko
abashingamateka
n’abakenguzamateka batotora itegeko rishinga rya tagisi bita TVA. Aho hari
kw’igenekerezo rya 11 Ruheshi 2013. Ayo mashirahamwe yiyamiriza iyongerezwa
ry’amatagisi ku bidandazwa bimwe bimwe vya nkenerwa mu buzima bwa misi yose
igihe cose Reta itaronse amafaranga yari yategekanijwe mw’ibwirizwa ry’amafaranga
akoreshwa ku mwaka.
Mu bijanye n’inyigisho mu mashure, Reta yarafashe ingingo zimwe zimwe zofasha
Uburundi gushikira indinganizo mpuzamakungu mu vy’inyigisho zashinzwe
n’urwego rwa UNESCO. Ni no muri iyo ntumbero hatunganijwe umugambi w’ishure
nshingiro : Imyaka 9 mu mashure y’intango yoshingira cane cane ku kuronka
ubukerebutsi n’ububangutsi mu bijanye n’imyuga. Kuri ivyo vy’inyigisho mu mashure
y’intango n’ayisumbuye, harashinzwe ibwirizwa rishasha n° 1/19 ryo ku wa 19
Nyakanga 2013 ritunganya ico gisata. Ariko rero ico gisata caragize ingorane
zatumye haba imyidogo ijanye n’ihagarikwa ry’ibikorwa rihamagajwe
n’amasendika canke abanyeshure.
Ku vyerekeye inganisha ry’imishahara y’abakozi ba Reta, ibiganiro vyari
vyatanguye vyahavuye bihagarara kubera ukutumvikana ku ciyumviro cari
cashikirijwe n’amasendika kikemezwa n’umushikiranganji w’ibikorwa vya Reta,
akazi n’ugutegekaniriza abakozi, mu nama yabereye mu Rumonge igenekerezo rya
20 Rusama 2013. Ico ciyumviro casaba ko haboneka imiliyaridi 52 z’amafaranga
y’amarundi. Kubera ukwo kutakirwa kw’ico ciyumviro, hahavuye haba ihagarikwa
ry’akazi incuro zitatu (mu kwezi kwa Nzero, mu kwezi kwa Rusama no mu kwezi
kwa Ruheshi 2013).
Kugira ngo hatorerwe inyishu ikibazo c’urutavanako rw’ihagarikwa ry’akazi mu
mashure no zindi nzego, Reta yahavuye ishinga umurwi w’igihugu ujejwe ibiganiro
mu bijanye n’akazi, ibikorwa vy’uwo murwi bikaba vyatangujwe icese
igenekerezo rya 25 Ruheshi 2013.
22
Mu vyerekeye amagara y’abantu, imyitwarariko ntiyabuze mu mwaka w’i 2013.
Naho Reta yari yahamagariye abanyagihugu kwijukira umugambi wo gukoresha
agakarata gafasha mu vy’ukuvurwa, Ibiro Bikuru Biraba ivy’Akazi kw’isi (BIT)
vyasanze mu mwaka w’i 2013 Uburundi butijukiye rwose uburyo bwo
gutegekanya ibigega vyo kuvuzwa. Ibice 16% vy’abanyagihugu vyonyene ni vyo
vyakorana n’amashirahamwe azwi akora muri ico gisata4. Ibice 13,8% vyakorana
na Mutuelle de la Fonction Publique (MFP), ibindi bice 2,4% bigakorana n’ayandi
mashirahamwe yegeranya abantu mu kibano abatumbereza ivyo gutegekanya kwivuza.
Uwundi mwitwarariko ku bijanye n’amagara y’abantu wari werekeye kurwanya
ingaruka mbi z’ukunywa inzoga zikaze zitemewe n’amategeko. Ni naho Reta
yahereye itanguza amasekeza yo kubuza gukora, kurangura hanze n’ukudandaza inzoga
zikaze zagurishwa mu dupfuko canke mu macupa bita « plastiques ».
Ku vyerekeye gukingira abanyagihugu, harabonetse iterambere. Umuntu
araribonera no mw’itanguzwa icese ry’umurwi w’igihugu ujejwe ikingirwa
ry’abanyagihugu, rikaba ryatewe iteka n’umukuru w’igihugu igenekerezo rya 16
Ndamukiza 2013. Uwo murwi ugengwa n’itegeko ry’umukuru w’igihugu n° 100/237
ryo ku wa 22 Myandagaro 2012. Hariho urwego ruwugenzura rugizwe
n’abashikiranganji 11. Urwo rwego rushinzwe gukurikirana ishirwa mu ngiro
ry’intumbero igihugu cihaye mu vyo gukingira abanyagihugu nu nama nshikiranganji
yabaye muri Ndamukiza 2011. Umurwi w’igihugu ushinzwe gukingira abanyagihugu
urafise inzego ziwufasha gukora, na zo ni nk’umurwi w’abahinga hamwe n’imirwi yo mu
ntara no mu makomine.
Ku vyerekeye isuku n’ugutunganya neza aho abantu baba, Ubushikiranganji
bw’amagara y’abantu bwasanze Uburundi bwashikiwe n’ikiza ca kolera mu gihe
cabaye kirekire gusumba ibindi bihe vyose vyabaye (kuva muri Gitugutu 2012
gushika muri Mukakaro 2013) 5. Gushika muri Mukakaro 2013, hari hamaze
kugwara abantu barenga igihumbi, muri bo 17 bakaba bari bitavye Imana. Ku
bw’ubushikiranganji bw’amagara y’abantu, ikiza ca kolera cateye kubera ko abantu
batagira amazi meza kandi ntibagire n’utuzu twa surwumwe dukwiye. Vyongeye, mu
bice bimwe bimwe vy’igisagara ca Bujumbura, ibigunguzi vy’imicafu vyarabaye vyinshi,
amabomba y’amazi nayo arugarwa kubera impari hagati ya Regideso n’abarongozi bo
mu makomine ku vyerekeye uwutegerzwa kuriha amazi hamwe n’ukuntu amazi
yokoreshwa neza.
4
Selon Théodore Kamwenubusa, consultant du BIT
5
Interview du Directeur Général de Santé Publique accordée à
l’AFP(http://reliefweb.int/report/burundi/longue-%C3%A9pid%C3%A9mie-de-chol%C3%A9ra-au-burundi-aumoins-17-morts)
23
Ku bijanye n’ugufungura, muri Mukakaro 2013, Uburundi bwaza ubwa mbere mu
gufungura nabi ubugereranije n’ibindi bihugu vya Afrika biri hepfo y’ubugaragwe
bwa Sahara. Ivyo vyashikirijwe mu nama yatunganijwe igenekerezo rya 4 Mukakaro
2013, rikaba ryahuza abaserukira amashirahamwe mpuzamakungu nka OMS, UNICEF,
FIDA na PAM. Ayo mashirahamwe asanzwe akorera mu Burundi yiyemeje gukorana
neza yose kugira ngo arwanye uko gufungura nabi6. Kuri ico kibazo nyene, Reta
y’Uburundi, ifatiye kuri wa mugambi ugira kabiri wo gutera imbere no kurwanya
ubukene, yiyemeje gukora ivyo ishoboye vyose kugira ngo umunyagihugu wese aronke
imfungurwa zikwiye kandi zibereye. Yiyemeje ko ukwo kudakwira kw’ibifungura kwari
ku rugero rwa 29% kwogabanywa kugashika n’imiburiburi kuri 21% mu mwaka w’i
20157.
Ikindi cateye imbere mu vyerekeye ukuntu abanyagihugu babayeho kandi kijanye
n’umugambi ugira kabiri w’interambere n’ukurwanya ubukene kikaba gifasha no
mw’ikingirwa ry’abakozi cabaye ishirwaho ry’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe
gukinga impanuka z’akazi ku bakozi ba Reta, ku bacamanza n’abandi bakozi bo
mu butungane. Urwo rwego rwatangujwe icese igenekerezo rya 27 Ndamukiza
2013.
Ku bijanye n’ukworohereza abadandaza, Reta yarashinze ingingo zorohereza
abagomba gushinga amashirahamwe canke amahinguriro, abarondera impusha
zo kwubaka, abagomba guhanahana impapuro z’uwegukirwa n’amatungo,
abagomba kurahura umuyagankuba, abariha amatagisi n’amakori, abarengana
imbibe n’urudandazwa rwabo, hamwe n’imanza z’abatagishobora kuriha ivyo
bategerezwa. Kubera izo ngingo, mu mwaka w’i 2013, igihugu c’Uburundi cabaye ica
gatanu ku bihugu cumi vyateje imbere ivy’urudandazwa nk’uko tubisanga mu
cegeranyo c’ishirahamwe ryitwa « Doing Business ». Mu mwaka w’i 2012, Uburundi
bwari bwabaye ubw’indwi. Mugabo ufatiye ku rutonde rw’ibihugu vyo kw’isi yose,
hari vyinshi bigikeneye gukorwa kubera ko ku bihugu 183 vyasuzumwe, Uburundi
bwaza ku rugero rw’ 181 mu mwaka w’i 2011 ; hanyuma bushika ku rugero rw’ 169
mu mwaka w’i 2012 ; buhereza ku rugero rw’ 159 mu mwaka w’i 20138.
6. Uko ivy’ukwubahiriza amasezerano yo mu karere na mpuzamakungu
Uburundi bwemeje vyari vyifashe
6
http://rtnb.bi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7218:le-burundi-vient-en-premiere-positiondans-la-malnutrition-en-afrique-subsaharienne&catid=8:societe&Itemid=9
7
Données récoltées auprès de la Deuxième Vice Présidence de la République
8
www.presidence.bi
24
Uburundi bwaremeje amasezerano yo mu karere na mpuzamakungu . Ivyo
bituma buca butegerezwa gushikiriza ivyegeranye vy’iyubahirizwa ryayo uko
bitegekanijwe. Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu urateye
akamo Reta ku kuntu ivyo vyegeranyo bidatunganywa ku gihe kandi ku
masezerano yose, vyaba ivya mbere igihugu giherako, vyaba ibikurikira uko
ikiringo cagenwe kigeze.
Naho Uburundi bwateye igikumu ku masezerano mpuzamakungu atari make,
mw’isuzumwa mpuzamakungu ry’i Genève mu mwaka w’i 2013 barasubiye gusaba
Uburundi gushira igikumu ku yandi masezerano butaremeza, nk’aya akurikira mu
rurimi rw’igifaransa : le Deuxième Protocole facultatif se rapportant au Pacte
international relatif aux droits civils et politiques, le Protocole facultatif à la
Convention contre la torture, la Convention relative aux droits des personnes
handicapées et son Protocole facultatif9, le Protocole facultatif à la Convention sur
l’élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l’égard des femmes et la
Convention internationale pour la protection de toutes les personnes contre les
disparitions forcées.
Muri iki cegeranyo cacu, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
ubona bihambaye kugaruka kuri rirya suzumwa ry’Uburundi ryebereye i Genève
mu mwaka w’i 2013. Harimwo ibintu bitari bike vyofasha guteza imbere agateka
ka zina muntu mu Burundi, bigasaba ko inzego z’igihugu zose ziterera mu
bizerekeye.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu warahimbawe n’ukubona
Inama Nshingamateka yaremeje igenekerezo rya 17 Mukakaro 2013 integuro y’itegeko
ryemeza kurwanya ihohoterwa ryitwa « Protocole facultatif à la Convention contre la
torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants » ryari
ryasabwe muri rya suzumwa.
Kugira ngo vyorohe gutegura ivyegeranyo vyose bisabwa n’amashirahamwe
mpuzamakungu, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
wariyemeje gufashanya n’abo vyega bose, na cane cane ubushikiranganji bwo
gufatana mu nda, agateka ka zina muntu n’ukudakumirana, abafasha Uburundi
n’amashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politike mu gushiraho umurwi
wamaho ukurikirana ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ivyahanuwe n’amakungu mw’isuzumwa
ry’Uburundi, ivyahanuwe n’ayandi mashirahamwe y’Inama Mpuzamakungu
ashinzwe ivy’agateka ka zina muntu hamwe n’ivyahanuwe n’Inama ya Afrika
iraba agateka ka zina muntu n’ak’abanyagihugu. Bizokenerwa gukora ibishoboka
9
Cette convention a été ratifiée le 6 mars 2014
25
vyose kugira ngo uwo murwi wamaho utunganye ivyegeranyo bisabwa ku gihe,
uheze umenyekanishe mu gihugu ibisabwa n’inzego canke amashirahamwe
mpuzamakungu wongere ukurikirane ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ibisabwa.
7. Amateka y’uburenganzira ka bwenegihugu no mu vyerekeye politike
a) Ihohoterwa ry’agateka ko kutakwa ubuzima
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
warashikirijwe n’abawutatse canke abandi bantu ihohoterwa ry’agateka ko kutakwa
ubuzima. Ariko kubera umurwi udafise uburyo bukwiye bwo gutohoza, washoboye
gukurikirana neza idosiye zitatu ziri muri iki cegeranyo hamwe n’izindi nkeyi umurwi
ukiriko uratohoza. Mu madosiye twakurikiranye, twovuga nk’iyicwa ry’abantu i Businde
(Icegeranyo…, impapuro za 68-73). Icegeranyo kiratanga amazina y’abakomeretse
twegeranije dufatiye ku ntonde zo mu bitaro, amazina y’abapfiriye aho barasiwe, ibiziga
vya bamwe bamwe bikaba vyarajanywe mu mazu y’uburuhukiro y’i Ngozi n’i Kiremba.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wasanze ubutungane
butashinze ingingo yerekana neza abo icaha cagira mw’iyicwa ry’i Businde ufatiye ku
batanze amategeko bose.
Vyongeye, ukurekurwa vy’agateganyo kw’abari bafashwe bikekwako ico caha gutuma
umurwi wibaza ko vy’ukuri hoba hariho ugushaka ko abagirwa n’icaha bomenyekana
kandi bakabibazwa imbere y’intahe.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu urafise umwitwarariko
ujanye n’uko utabona ko ubushikirizamanza budafata ingingo yo gukurikirana abagirwa
n’icaha bukaguma burindiriye ko hagira uruhande rw’abanyagihugu bashingisha
urubanza kandi mu manza z’ivyaha ubushikirizamanza bwo nyene ari bwo bwibwiriza,
kandi bukanashobora gusaba ubutungane ngo bushinge indishi y’akababaro n’izindi
ndishi naho abaserukira abahohotewe boba atariho bari canke ngo bavyisabire bo
nyene.
b) Ihohoterwa
ry’agateka
ko
kudasinzikarizwa
ubuzima
n’ukudafata umuntu bunyamaswa
Uburundi bwarashize igikumu buranemeza icese iteka mpuzamakungu ryihaniza
ugusinzikaza ubuzima n’ugufata umuntu bunyamaswa. Hari kw’igenekerezo rya 18
Ruhuhuma 1993. Uburundi bwarishinze n’izindi ngingo zitari nke zofasha kugira ngo
mu Burunzi hakingwe kandi hanatuzwe ico cose coza gisinzikaza ubuzima bw’umuntu
canke gifata umuntu bunyamaswa10.
10
Voir rapport annuel 2012 aux pages 64 à 66.
26
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wakiriye
idosiye 10 zijanye n’uguhohotera agateka ko kudasinzikarizwa ubuzima n’ukudafatwa
bunyamaswa. Umurwi umaze kubitohoza, wasanze ku madosiye 8 wokwemeza ko iryo
hohoterwa ryabaye. Umurwi uripfuza ko hoba ho ikurikiranwa riboneka
ry’ubutungane ku bagirwa n’ivyo vyaha.
c) Ihohoterwa
ubutungane
ry’agateka
k’uburenganzira
bwo
kwitura
Mw’isesangura ryagirishijwe n’umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina
muntu, harabonetse ibintu inzego z’igihugu zikwiye kubandanya zitwararika. Ivyo iryo
sesangura ryabonye mu gihugu ku vyerekeye amananiza abanyagihugu bagira kugira
ngo bashikire inzego z’ubutungane zobatunganiriza vyoshobora gushirwa mu mice
ine : hari amananiza ajanye n’ukutamenya amategeko, hari ubukene bwugarije
imiryango n’ubutunzi bw’igihugu, hari amananiza ajanye n’inzira itoroshe
ivy’imanza
bitegerezwa
gucamwo
maze
n’aboshinzwe
kuzikurikiza
ntibazubahirize, hakaba n’amananiza afatiye kw’itunganywa ry’inzego
ryotegerejwe gufasha kugira ngo urwego rw’ubutungane rwigenge vy’ukuri
rutaremerwa n’izindi nzego za Reta, mbere hakaboneka na sentare nkuru icira
imanza z’icaha c’uguhemukira igihugu abanyacubahiro bamwe bamwe.
8. Agateka k’uburenganzira mu vyerekeye kwubahirizwa mu vy’ubutunzi,
imibano n’imico kama
Mu mwaka w’i 2013, umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
witwararitse cane cane ikibazo c’abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe hamwe n’ingaruka
z’amahinyanyurwa y’indinganizo z’inyigisho mu mashure ufatiye ku burenganzira
bw’umunyagihugu bwo kuja mu mashure.
a) Agateka k’uburenganzira bwo kugira amagara meza :
c’ugushobora kuvurwa ku bagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe
Ikibazo
Kugira amagara meza mu mutwe hamwe n’ingwara zo mu mutwe biri mu ngorane
z’amagara zitaramenyekana neza ngo zitabweho bikwiye mu gihugu. Abagendana
ingwara zo mu mutwe baracatungwa agatoke, bakinubwa, bagakumirwa. Kandi ivyo
vyarongerekanye muri ino myaka, bikunyurwa n’uko ubuhinga bwo kwitaho ingwara zo
mu mutwe butaraba bwinshi mu Burundi, n’ababunonosoye bakaba bakiri bake cane.
N’aho kuva mu 2002 hashinzwe mu bushikiranganji bw’amagara y’abantu
n’ukurwanya ikiza ca SIDA urwego rukurikirana ivy’abagendana ingwara zo mu
mutwe, nta ndinganizo y’igihugu irashingwa ngo imurikire ivyo vyose bijanye
n’ingwara zo mu mutwe. Ubu haracari ibitaro bimwe bivura ingwara zo mu mutwe
(CNPK) biri mu Kamenge. Abandi bafasha ni amashirahamwe adaharanira
27
inyungu za politike, Uburundi bukaba bufise umuhinga umwe gusa yize ivyo bita
« psychiatrie ». Mu mavuriro no mu bitaro biri mu gihugu, nta banonosoye ivyo
kuvura ingwara zo mu mutwe, kandi n’amashirahamwe agerageza gufasha aracari
make, akaba afise n’uburyo buke.
Iyi myaka ya nyuma, harabaye iyongerekana ry’abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe, ivyo
bigashobora kuva ku kuntu ibintu bitari bike vyahindutse mu buzima bw’abantu
(kwijukira ibisagara, imico n’ibindi bisagiriza abanyagihugu bivuye ku rufatangane
rushasha rw’isi, abantu bimuka intara bari babayemwo n’ibindi). Hari n’ibindi vyagize
ingaruka nini ku buzima bw’abantu nk’intambara n’izindi ngorane zijanye na politike
vyasagirije abanyagihugu kuva igihugu kicikukira gushika n’ubu, maze hakaba harabaye
abantu benshi babuze ababo, amatungo akononekara, akibwa canke akazimira, imibano
mu bantu ikononekara, abantu bagata izabo, n’ayandi mabi yasize imvune mu mitima
y’abantu.
Ibintu bikuru bikuru umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wasanze
bihanze abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe ni nk’ibi :
1) Ukudakingirwa bikwiye uravye ukuntu bakumirwa bifatiye ku
bumuga bagendana ;
2) Indinganizo ibuze canke idatomoye neza y’amategeko yokingira
abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe;
3) Ubukene bw’abahinga n’abize ivyo kuvura canke gufasha
abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe ;
4) Ukubura canke ukudashobora gushikira indinganizo zitegekanijwe
ku vyerekeye kuvurwa canke ukubaho muri kazoza, ivyo bikanatuma
abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe bibagora kuronka imiti ibafasha
(psychotropes).
b) Uburenganzira bw’umunyagihugu bwo kuja mu mashure n’ingaruka
z’amahinyanyurwa y’indinganizo z’inyigisho mu mashure
Icirwa umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu wakoresheje ku
bijanye n’amahinyanyurwa y’indinganizo z’inyigisho mu mashure11 cashaka
kwerekana ingaruka z’ayo mahinyanyurwa ufatiye ku burenganzira
bw’abanyagihugu bwo kuja mu mashure. Ayo mahinyanyurwa azana bishasha
bisaba iyongerezwa ry’abakozi n’iyongerezwa ry’uburyo mu vyerekeye
amafaranga, ibikoresho n’amazu, kandi urwego rw’indero rwari rusanganywe
ingorane muri ubwo buryo. Umuntu yoca yibuka ihagarikwa ry’akazi ryagiye
ririsubiriza ritumweko n’amasendika. Ico cigwa cakozwe kugira ngo tubone neza
ingorane nyamukuru mwene ayo mahinyanyurwa yagize n’ingene umuntu
11
Voir l’étude complète sur le site www.cnidh.bi
28
yohindura ibintu mu rwego rw’indero ku buryo havamwo inyungu iboneka ku
gihugu.
Amahinyanyurwa umurwi washingiyeko ni ayajanye n’ugushinga ishure nshingiro
ryega ubushikiranganji bw’amashure y’intango n’ayisumbuye, amashure y’imyuga,
kwigisha imyuga n’ukumenya gusoma n’ukwandika, hamwe n’ugushinga indinganizo
nshansha mu vyerekeye amashure kaminuza ishingiye ku ntambwe zitatu
(Baccalauréat, Maitrise, Doctorat) gukurikiranwa n’ubushikiranganji bw’inyigisho muri
kaminuza n’ubushakashatsi.
Ayo mahinyanyurwa yari afatiye no ku kuntu ibihugu bigize umuryango wa Afrika yo
mu buseruko biriko birahuza ibijanye n’urwego rw’inyigisho mu mashure. Ivyo vyajana
kandi n’uko kw’isi yose hariko harahinduka indinganizo zigenga inyigisho mu mashure.
Uburundi bwaciye bwisunga cane cane indinganizo zo mu bihugu bikoresha ururima
rw’igifaransa. Iryo hinyanyurwa rishasha mu Burundi ryari rinashingiye kw’ihangiro
riri mu vyategekanijwe n’umugambi ugira kabiri w’iterambere n’ukurwanya ubukene
hamwe na rya hangiro ryerekeza Uburundi ku mwaka w’i 2025.
Icirwa cakozwe caratereje amaso ku kuntu ibintu vyagiye birahindagurika mu
vyerekeye inyigisho mu mashure yo mu Burundi, kiraba cane cane ibitigiri
vy’abashobora kuja mu mashure hamwe n’akamaro k’inyigisho zatangwa. Carashize
ahabona ingorane zabaye n’ingaruka zagize, ico kikabera igihugu icigwa mu guhangara
aya mahinyanyurwa mashasha y’ishure shingiro hamwe na kaminuza.
Umuntu afatiye ku vyagaragaye, ni nkenerwa rwose ko ihinyanyurwa ribaye
ryojana n’indinganizo z’ukuntu abantu bakurikirana ishirwa mu ngiro ryaryo
kugira ngo rivyarire igihugu inyungu ifadika kandi hakoreshejwe ubuhinga
bunonosoye. Birakenewe kandi ko hubahirizwa intambwe nziza zikurikirana neza,
abo vyega bose bakagenda bamenyeshwa ibiriko birakorwa kandi bakanaterera
ivyiyumviro. Hokwama hatangura igihe co kugerageza ishirwa mu ngiro kugira
ngo ababishinzwe barabe ibikenewe kugororwa hakiri kare. Hobaho n’urwego
rugenzura uwo mugambi, rugakurikirana ishirwa mu ngiro ryawo, rukanasuzuma
ko intumbero yategerezwa gushikwako ariyo iriko iratera imbere.
9. Amateka yega imirwi imwe imwe
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina wihatiye cane cane kuraba amateka
yega abagore mu gusesangura ishirwa mu ngiro ry’amategeko ahana ivyaha bifatiye ku
gitsina hamwe n’amateka y’abana dufatiye ku kuntu abana bahohoterwa mbere
bakanagurishwa.
a) Amateka yega abagore
29
Muri iki cegeranyo, Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
washingiye ku hohoterwa rifatiye ku gitsina. Uburundi bwarashize igikumu mu
masezerano mpuzamakungu atari make no ku masezerano ya Afrika canke yo mu
karere k’umuryango w’ibihugu vya Afrika yo mu buseruko ajanye n’ugukingira agateka
k’abagore, buranayashira mu mategeko asanzwe y’igihugu12. Kuri ico kibazo nyene,
Uburundi bwaremeje intumbero yemejwe n’inama mpuzabihugu mu gace ka Afrika
y’ibiyaga binini13.
Ishaka ry’abarongozi b’igihugu ryo kurwanya ihohoterwa rifatiye ku gitsina
riragaragara muri ino myaka. Ivyo birabonekera nko ku ndinganizo y’igihugu yemejwe
ku vyerekeye ukurwanya iryo hohoterwa. Hari kandi n’ingingo ziri mu gitabu
c’amategeko yerekeye ingene imanza z’ivyaha zitohozwa, ziburanishwa n’ingene
zicibwa co mu mwaka w’i 2009 zihana rwose abagirizwa ico caha. Harabaye n’ishingwa
ry’igipolisi gishinzwe gukurikirana imico hamwe n’ugukingira abana. Uburundi
bwaremeje kandi ingingo y’i 1325 y’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu hamwe n’urutonde
rw’ingene yoshirwa mu ngiro kuva mu mwaka w’i 2012 gushika mu mwaka w’i 2016.
Icirwa cagirishijwe n’umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
kuri ico kibazo waragaragaje ko mu Burundi hariho amategeko atari make ahasha
ivyaha vy’ihohoterwa rifatiye ku gitsina. Igitabu c’amategeko yerekeye ingene
imanza z’ivyaha zitohozwa, ziburanishwa n’ingene zicibwa co mu mwaka w’i 2009
caranatomoye ibitari bike bijanye n’ico caha.
Kugira ngo ibintu bihinduke, harakenewe ko abategetsi bo mu makomine no ku
mitumba bahagurukira ico kibazo kuko kenshi na kenshi ari bo badashoka
batumbereza abahohotewe muri sentare. Usanga ari bo barondera kwuzuriza
n’ukwumvikanisha, iyo ntumbero ntiheze ngo itunganirize vy’ukuri abahohotewe.
Naho vyogenda gute, igihugu gitegerezwa kwihaniza ko icaha co gufata abakobwa
n’abakenyezi ku nguvu giherera mu kwumvikanisha n’ukwuzuriza. Abo cega
bategerezwa guhanwa.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu umaze kubica irya n’ino,
wasanze hakiriho inzitizi zituma ingingo zo muri ca gitabu c’ingene imanza
zitohozwa, ziburaniswha n’ingene zicibwa zidashigwa mu ngiro bikwiye ku
vyerekeye ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ingingo zitomoye zoshingikira nko kuri
ibi :
 Gutunganya neza ingene inzego z’ubutungane zikorana neza ku bijanye
n’iryo hohoterwa ;
 Gutorera umuti ikibazo co kurondera ivyemezo mu caha nk’ico ;
12
Voir sur site de la CNIDHle rapport de la CNIDH, édition 2012 p 90 à 93
13
Idem, p.92
30
 Gushira mu ngiro ingingo ziba zafashwe na sentare;
 Kurondera ingene abagiriwe n’ivyo vyaha basubira kwigishwa ibijanye
n’ico caha n’ukuntu bosubira kubana neza mu kibano.
b) Amateka yega abana : Ihohoterwa n’idandazwa ry’abana
Mu cigwa cagirishijwe n’umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu,
icaha co guhohotera abana canke kubagurisha twabonye umuntu yogifatira ku
kurondera, ku gutwara, ku kuraza n’uguha icumbi abana batarakwiza imyaka 18
umuntu afise intumbero yo kubakoresha ibikorwa vyo kwinjiza amafaranga canke
bibatwara inguvu n’amagara ku nyungu za nyene kubakoresha. Muri ivyo harimwo
ukubakoresha ubushurashuzi n’ibindi bikorwa bijanye n’igitsina, ibikorwa bivuna
vy’agahato, ugufatwa nk’umuja canke ugutwarwa ibihimba bimwe bimwe
vy’umubiri. Ivyo vyose biri mu rutonde rw’ivyo ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu
riraba ivy’akazi, mu ngingo igira 182 y’amateka y’iryo shirahamwe iraba ivyo
gukoresha abana ryise ubwoko bubi bw’ibikorwa bitegerezwa kwihanizwa kw’isi.
Uburundi bwaramaze kwemeza amasezerano mpuzamakungu yerekeye agateka
k’abana kandi bwarakoze ibitari bike ngo ingingo z’ayo masezerano zishirwe mu
mategeko y’Uburundi. Politike y’igihugu hamwe n’indinganizo z’ibikorwa bitari bike, co
kimwe n’inzego zimwe zimwe zarashizweho kugira ngo ziteze imbere zongere zikingire
agateka k’abana. Ivyo vyose vyotegerejwe gufasha kugira ngo abana bakingirwe
gusumba, ntibahohoterwe canke ngo bagirwe urudandazwa. Ariko haracariho ayandi
mateka mpuzamakungu Uburundi bwari bukwiye kwemeza kandi agaseruka mu
mategeko y’igihugu.
Icigwa cakozwe kirerekana ko guhohotera n’ukugurisha abana biriho mu Burundi
naho ibitigiri vy’abashikirwa n’iryo bara bigoye kwegeranya. Umuntu afatiye ku
vyashikirizwa n’aba na bariya, biragaragara ko iryo bara ryakozwe kuva kera,
rikaba ryarongerekanye muri ino myaka. Mu gipolilisi, baramenyesheje Umurwi ko
abantu batanguye kwubahuka kubimenyesha igipolisi bavuga ko batazi irengero
ry’abana babo.
Hari n’ibindi umuntu yofatirako vyerekeye iryo hohoterwa ry’abana. Uravye
nk’ubushakashatsi bwagizwe n’ikigega c’Inama Mpuzamakungu ku vyerekeye
abanyagihugu mu mwaka w’i 201314, abatwara inda z’ishushu bakiri mu mashure
mato mato canke yisumbuye, ubwo bushakashatsi bwasanze hamenyekanye abana
bashika 4760 ufatiye ku vyegeranyo bitangwa n’ubuyobozi bw’indero mu ntara,
aho hatarimwo intara za Kayanza, Ngozi na Ruyigi ibitigiri bitamenyekanye neza.
14
Fonds des Nations Unies pour la population, Etude sur les grossesses en milieu scolaire. Novembre 2013,
50p.
31
Iryo bara ryo guhohotera abana no kubadandaza risa n’irizwi n’abarongozi bo mu
ntwaro mu ma zone n’amakomine hamwe n’abarongozi bo ku mitumba. Nka bose
baremeza ko hariho amazu akorerwamwo amabi asa n’aya turiko turavuga, na
cane cane mu bushurashuzi.
Ku vyerkeye gufatwa ka buja, umuntu yotandukanya ubuja bubera mu gihugu hagati
n’ubushikira abajanywe mu bindi bihugu. Ariko hose usanga ivyo guhatirwa ku
bushurashuzi n’ivyo kwinjiriza amafaranga abandi bikomeye. Ibihugu abo bana
bacamwo canke ivyo baherezamwo usanga ari nka Republika iharanira Demokarasi ya
Kongo, Tanzaniya, Urwanda, Kenya, Zambiya, canke ibindi bihugu vya kure nka Sudani,
Sudani y’epfo, Etiyopiya, Malawi, Libani, Omani, i Dubai muri Emirats ziyunze
z’Abarabu, Afrika y’Epfo, Arabiya Sawudite, Ostraliya canke Leta Zunze Ubumwe za
Amerika.
Ivyo kurwanya iryo hohoterwa n’idandazwa ry’abana birabandanya bitera imbere,
bikabonekera ku kuntu hashingwa amategeko ahasha iryo bara, abanyapolitike
bakabigira umwitwarariko, inzego zo kubirwanya zikajaho. Hariho kandi n’ibikorwa
igipolisi gitunganya kandi bishingiye ku nzego nshasha z’igipolisi cavyigiye ubuhinga.
Urwego rw’utungane na rwo nyene ruramaze gutangura kwitaho ico kibazo.
Amashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politike arafise ishaka ryo gufasha gutorera
umuti ico kibazo hamwe n’ibimenyeshamakuru n’amashengero. Naho iryo shaka
ribandanya rikomera mu mice itari mike y’igihugu, ivyo gutunganya biracari vyinshi.
Hari imvo zituma iryo bara zishingiye ku bukene bw’imiryango n’abanyagihugu usanga
vyongereza ubushomeri n’ukubura akazi, abanyagihugu ugasanga batanguye kwirukira
ibisagara batazi n’iyo bata umutwe. Hari ubukene bw’ibintu vy’ibanze abanyagihugu
usanga bakeneye ku mitumba iwabo. Hari n’igwirirana ry’abantu ku rugero rutajanye
n’amikoro y’igihugu. Uretse n’ivyo, umugenzo wo kudahana ushigikiwe n’uburongozi
bubi ufatanye n’ukutamenya hamwe n’ukutaronka inkuru zikwiye z’ibi na biriya,
biratuma abantu baba ibihwiji bagahendwa babona.
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III. IVYO UMURWI W’IGIHUGU WIGENGA UJEJWE AGATEKA KA ZINA MUNTU
USAVYE UFATIYE KU CEGERANYO C’UMWAKA W’ 2013
Umurwi ushikirije Inama Nshingamateka n’abarongoye izindi nzego za Leta ivyo
usavye mu mice indwi ijanye n’ibi bikurikira:
1) Uburyo bw’ugukora bw’umurwi wigenga ujejwe ivy’ageteka ka zina muntu ;
2) Kwidegemvya mu vyerekeye amateka y’ukwishira n’ukwizana mu vyegukira
abanyagihugu no mu vy’intwaro ;
3) Uburenganzira bwo gushikira amasentare n’ugutunganirizwa mu
vy’ubutungane ;
4) Ubururenganzira bwo gushikira agateka ka zina muntu mu bijanye
n’ivy’indero
n’inyigisho
dufatiye
kw’isubirwamwo
ry’indinganizo
y’ivy’amashure mu Burundi ;
5) Kurwanya urudandazwa rw’abana n’irindi kubagurwa ryabo ;
6) Kurwanya ivyerekeye ihohoterwa rivuye ku budasa bufatiye ku bitsina ;
7) Kwitaho abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe.
A. Ibisabwe bijanye n’uburyo bw’ugukora bw’umurwi wigenga ujejwe
ivy’ageteka ka zina muntu :
Dusavye ko Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu woronka
uburyo bukwiye bwo kurangura amabanga washinzwe n’ibwirizwa N° 1/04 ryo
ku wa 5 Nzero 2011 hamwe n’amateka mpuza-makungu bise “Principes de
Paris” agenga kw’isi yene iyi mirwi:
Turavye ukuntu uwo murwi utegerezwa gukwira mu gihugu kandi igikorwa
urangura kikegera abanyagihugu bakongera bakaciyumvamwo nk’icabo,
birakenewe ko uwo murwi uronka uburyo bukwiye. Amateka mpuza-makungu
bise « Principes de Paris » ategekanya ko mwene iyi mirwi y’igihugu ironka aho
ikorera n’uburyo bwo gukoresha bukwiye kugira ngo irangure ibikorwa vyayo,
na canecane amafaranga yo gukoresha. Muri ya ndinganizo ishinga ihangiro
igihugu kizokwisunga mu vy’iterambere n’ukurwanya ubukene, ingingo yayo
y’156 isaba ko Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu
wohabwa uburyo bukwiye buwutuma urangura neza amabanga washinzwe.
B. Kwidegemvya mu vyerekeye amateka y’ukwishira n’ukwizana mu
vyegukira abanyagihugu no mu vy’intwaro
Umurwi usavye ko hobandanya hatunganywa neza gusumba ivyerekeye
ubuzima bwa politike y’igihugu mu kwubahiriza rwa rupapuro ndanga-nzira
abanyapolitike bumvikanako ku vyerekeye amatora yo mu 2015, na cane cane
mu kworohereza abene-gihugu n’abanyamigambwe mu vyerekeye
umwidegemvyo ujanye n’ugutunganya amanama canke iyindi myiyerekano
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y’icese;
C. Uburenganzira bwo gushikira amasentare n’ugutunganirizwa mu
vy’ubutungane :
1) Kurondera gushira mu ngiro ibishoboka vyose bijanye n’amabwirizwa
canke ayandi mategeko yotuma Uburundi bushimangira ubwigenge
bw’ubucamanza: haba mu vyerekeye gutora abinjira mu rwego
rw’abacamanza, haba mu bijanye n’ingene baduzwa amapete mu kazi, mu
kuntu bahindurirwa aho bakorera, mu bijanye n’ukwubahiriza ibiranga iryo
banga, n’ibindi … ;
2) Gushinga ingingo ziboneka zijanye n’ukuntu abanyagihugu bamenyeshwa
ibijanye
n’amategeko
hamwe
n’ubucamanza,
bakavyigishwa,
bigakwiragizwa hose mu rurimi bumva rw’Ikirundi, gurtyo abene-gihugu
bakaboneraho kwiyegereza ibijanye n’ubutungane ;
3) Gufasha ba ntahonikora bakeneye gutunganirizwa n’ubutungane kuronka
abashingwamanza canke abahanuzi mu vy’amategeko babaha umuco ku
vyerekeye inzira bojana ;
4) Kwihatira guhindura ingendo n’imico mu vyerekeye ikora ry’inzego
z’ubutungane mu gihugu ;
5) Gushinga icese urwego rushinzwe kurwanya isinzikarizwa ry’ubuzima bwa
kiremwa-muntu (bita torture) nk’uko bisabwa n’ingingo ya 17 ya ya mateka
mperekeza y’Inama Mpuzamakungu yerekeye kurwanya gusinzikaza
ubuzima bwa kiremwa-muntu Uburundi buherutse kwemeza mu
kurishirako igikumu.
6) Guhindura mu Kirundi n’ugukwiragiza mu buryo bushoboka bwose
amateka mpuzamakungu n’amategeko y’igihugu ajanye n’ugukingira
agateka ka zina-muntu, na cane cane ibiri mu gitabu mpanavyaha, mu gitabu
c’ukuntu imanza zitohozwa zikaburanishwa, mw’Ibwirizwa Nshingiro, mu
gitabu kigenga ivy’amatongo, mu gitabu kigenga ivy’abantu, ingo
n’imiryango. Hojamwo kandi ya mateka mirongo itatu y’Inama
Mpuzamakungu yerekeye agateka ka zinamuntu hamwe na za ndinganizo
zibiri ziyaherekeza ziraba ivy’abene-gihugu na politike hamwe n’ivyerekeye
imibano, ubutunzi n’imico-kama y’ibihugu.
7) Guha uburyo bukwiye urwego rw’ubutungane, urwo rwego rukaboneraho
no kuronswa uburyo bwo gushira mu ngiro ibishasha biri mu gitabu
gishasha c’ingene imanza zitohozwa zikaburanishwa.
8)
Kubandanya baha ubuhinga bwa none iyandikiro ry ‘imanza na za
sentare kandi hagahabwa ibihano abazimiza amadosiye ari mu butungane.
9) Urwego rurongoye amabohero rwotunganya imigambi y’ugusubiza mu
buzima busanzwe abari mu mabohero kugira rutegurire abapfungwa
kwifasha ntibasubire kugwa mu vyaha canke ngo batabwe n’imiryango
hamwe n’ababanyi.
10) Gukurikirana abafise uruhara mu bwicanyi bw’i Businde kuko abikekwa
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batatu bari bafashwe igenekerezo rya 16 ntwarante 2013 bahavuye
barekurwa igenekerezo rya 29 rusama 2013 na parake yo mu Kayanza.
Ubutungane butegerezwa kwerekana abagirwa n’icaha mu rukurukirane
rw’urwego rwatanze amategeko yahereje kuri iryo bara.
D. Ubururenganzira bwo gushikira ibijanye n’agateka ka zina muntu mu
vy’indero n’inyigisho dufatiye ku bijanye n’isubirwamwo ry’indinganizo
y’ivy’amashure mu Burundi :
1) Gutunganya ivy’amashure mu bushikiranganji bumwe kandi hagaca haja urwego
rwegukira ubwo bushikiranganji bwogenzura bugakurikirana ivyerekeye
isubirwamwo ry’ivy’indero ku ngero zose kugira ngo bigume vyinjiranamwo
neza ;
2) Gushira hamwe imirwi ihasanzwe iraba ivy’indero haba mu mashure y’intango,
ayisumbuye na kaminuza kugira ngo ibihinduka mu ndinganizo y’ivy’indero
bigende bija inzira imwe ;
3) Gutegekaniriza uburyo bw’amafaranga bukwiye bufasha gushira mu ngiro
ibitegerezwa guhinduka vyose ;
4) Gutegura abahinga bashinzwe kurondera ibikoresho bakoresha mu mashure
shingiro no mu mashure abaheje urwo rwego baca babandanirizamwo bafatiye
kw’isubirwamwo ry’ivy’inyigisho mu mashure ;
5) Ku vyerekeye kwigisha indimi mu mashure shingiro, hotunganywa uburyo
indimi zitokwigishirizwa rimwe, zikagenda zikurikirana ;
6) Gutunganya ingene abigisha bo mu mashure shingiro boronka inyigisho zikwiye
z’intango n’iziziherekeza zofasha mu bijanye n’ugutunganya imigambi kandi
ikaja mu ngiro ;
7) Gutegekanya ikigega co gufasha gushinga imigambi yo kwiteza imbere
n’ukugwiza umwimbu mu mashure shingiro, kandi iryo tegekanwa rikajana na
za nyigisho zifasha mu bijanye n’ugutunganya imigambi ;
8) Gushinga urwego rufasha rugakurikirana abahejeje amashure shingiro ruraba
ingene abayahejeje bashira mu ngiro ivyo bigishijwe ;
9) Gushinga indinganizo ifasha gushikira ibijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none
bw’ugukwiragiza inkuru n’ubuhinga kugira ngo horoherezwe ibijanye n’ihinduka
ry’inyigisho muri kaminuza ;
10)Gutunganya uburyo hoba ukuja inama n’ingingo hagati y’amashure ya kaminuza
hamwe n’amashirahamwe ashobora gutanga akazi canke inzego zishinzwe
ivy’akazi kugira ngo amashure atunganye inyigisho zijanye n’ivyo abatanga akazi
bakeneye ;
11)Gutunganya inyigisho zifasha abo muri za kaminuza gushobora gufasha abo mu
mashure shingiro no mu mashure ayakurira, na cane cane abigisha bategerezwa
kwigisha mu gisata ca kane c’amashure shingiro.
E. Kurwanya urudandazwa rw’abana n’irindi kubagurwa ryabo :
35
1) Gutunganya neza gusumba ibijanye n’amategeko hamwe n’inzego zishinzwe
gukingira abana n’ukurwanya ikubagurwa n’urudandazwa rw’abana,
hagakomezwa rwa rwego rw’igipolisi rushinzwe gukingira abana n’imico myiza
;
2) Gushira mu ngiro umugambi w’igihugu wateguwe n’ubushikiranganji bwo
gufatana mu nda, agateka ka zina muntu n’ukudakumirana werekeye kurwanya
urudandazwa rw’abantu worangurwa werekeye ikiringo c’imyaka y’2014
gushika mu 2017 ;
3) Gutegekanya ingene ubuserukizi bw’Uburndi mu bindi bihugu buronka inkuru
zijanye n’abana b’Abarundi bagiye kurererwa mu miryango iri muri ivyo
bihugu ;
4) Gutunganya ivyuma n’ibikoresho bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa none bifasha
ibikorwa vy’ibiro bitanga impapuro zitandukanye zerekeye ubwene gihugu
hamwe n’izindi mpapuro zijanye n’ivy’intwaro ;
5) Gutunganya uburyo bwo gukingira abahohotewe, ivyabona hamwe n’abandi
bantu bose bashobora gutanga inkuru ku vyerekeye urudandazwa rw’abana
canke ukubahohotera.
F. Kurwanya ivyerekeye ihohoterwa rivuye ku budasa bufatiye ku bitsina :
1) Leta ni yige ingene hokoreshwa bwa buhinga bwa ADN kugira ngo vyorohereze
ironderwa ry’ivyemezo ;
2) Gutegekanya mu nzego z’ubucamanza z’Uburundi umucamanza ashinzwe
gushira mu ngiro imanza zaciwe ;
3) Gutegekanya ikigega co gushumbusha abahohotewe bivuye ku budasa bufatiye
ku bitsina ;
4) Gutunganya ingene abahohotewe bivuye ku budasa bw’ibitsina baronka
ivyemezo vyo kwa muganga ku buntu.
G. Kwitaho abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe :
1) Gufashisha uburyo bugaragara amashirahamwe n’ibigo bifasha abagendana
ingwara zo mu mutwe;
2) Gushira ibijanye n’abagendana ingwara zo mu mutwe mu bindi bijanye
n’amagara y’abantu bironka imfashanyo (nka SIDA) ;
3) Gutegekanya itegeko rigenga ibijanye n’ingwara zo mu mutwe.
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IV. UGUKENGURUKA :
 Twagomba dukengurukira Reta y’Uburundi n’inzego zayo zose ku kuntu
dukorana twese ku neza y’igihugu n’abakibamwo.
 Turakengurukiye n’amashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu za politike yaba ayo
ngaha mu Burundi canke ayo mu makungu, imirwi y’abamenyeshamakuru,
amashirahamwe y’abashingwamanza, amashirahamwe y’inzego z’ibihugu
zijejwe agateka ka zina muntu kw’isi ; abo bose tukabashimira ukuntu
badushigikiye mu buryo bwinshi, bakadufasha gutera imbere mu kurangura
ibanga twashinzwe.
 Ubuserukizi bw’ibindi bihugu hano mu Burundi na bwo nyene bwaradufashe
mu mugongo mu buryo bushimishije. Aha twovuga nk’Ububiligi, ishirahamwe
ry’ibihugu vya Buraya, Misiri, Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Ubufaransa,
Ubwongereza, Ubuholandi n’Ubuswise. Ivyo bihugu vyose vyaratuvugiye neza
hirya n’ino, biradufashisha amafaranga n’ibindi bikoresho.
 Urunani rw’inzego zamuka kw’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu, na cane cane ibiro
vy’umukomiseri mukuru ashinzwe ivy’agateka ka zina muntu, umugambi
w’Inama Mpuzamakungu ushinzwe ivy’iterambere, urwego rw’Inama
Mpzamakungu rushinzwe agateka ka zina muntu n’intwaro rusangi muri
Afirika yo hagati. Izo nzego zarafashije kugira ngo uwu murwi w’igihugu
wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu ubangukirwe mu gukora kandi
umenyekane mu gihugu no mu makungu.
 Turashimiye Ishure ryo ku murwa mukuru w’Ubufaransa ryitwa « Ecole
Nationale d’Administration (ENA) », Ikigo co muri Afrika y’epfo citwa
« Institute for Justice and Reconciliation (IJR) », Urunani rw’imirwi y’ibihugu
yigenga ishinzwe ivy’agateka ka zina muntu yo muri Afrika, n’Ishule ry’igihugu
ryigisha ivy’intwaro mu Burundi (ENA) kuko bahaye abakomiseri n’abandi
bakozi bo mu murwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu akaryo
ko gukarisha ubwenge mu bintu vyinnshi vyerekeye guteza imbere
n’ugukingira agateka ka zina muntu.
 Turanakengurukiye rwose Abene-Burundi bose n’abanyamahanga baba muri
kino gihugu cacu ku mwizero bamye batwereka mu kutwitura, mu
kutumenyesha umwitwarariko bafise no mu kuduha impanuro. Vyaratweretse
neza ko ibijanye no guteza imbere agateka ka zina muntu mu Burundi ari
umwitwarariko abantu bafitiye inyota nini muri ino myaka.
TWORANGIZA TUVUGA IKI ?
 Nyakwuhahwa Mukuru w’Inama Nshingamateka,
 Ba Nyakwubahwa mugize ibiro vy’Inama Nshingamateka,
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 Ba Nyakwubahwa Bashingamateka b’Uburundi,
Tarahejeje kubacira ku mayange ibikorwa vyaranguwe n’uwu murwi mu mwaka
w’2013, turongera turabashikiriza ingene agateka ka zina muntu kari kifashe mu bice
bimwe bimwe vy’ubuzima bw’abanyagihugu muri uwo mwaka. Umurwi w’igihugu
wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu warakoze uko ushoboye kwose ngo urangure
ibanga igihugu cawushinze wisunze itegeko riwugenga. Ariko turabona neza ko impinga
ikiri ndende uravye n’ukuntu abantu bawitura bongerekana buri musi.
Inyuma y’imyaka ibiri n’igice umurwi utanguye ikivi, biragaragara ko utanguye
kumenyera igikorwa co gukaburira abanyagihugu ivyerekereye kumenya no gukingira
agateka ka zina muntu. Uriko uranamenyera umurimo wo kuba hafi y’inzego za Leta mu
vyerekeye impanuro zijanye n’iterambere ry’agateka ka zina muntu. N’aho uyu murwi
utorohewe mu vyerekeye uburyo bw’amafaranga yofasha kuronka abasangirakivi
n’ibikoresho vyofasha mu kurangura imigambi dufise, uwo murwi wagumanye ubwira
bwo kurangura ibishoboka vyose utegekwa n’ibwirizwa riwugenga.
Twashikirije ibintu nyamukuru bimwe bimwe umurwi wipfuza ko Leta yokorerako. Ku
bitwerekeye, tuguma turondera uburyo twokurikirana impanuro twatanze kugira ngo
inzego za Leta zitwararike kuzubakirako n’ukuzishira mu ngiro.
Twarabonye ukuntu ibijanye n’umwiteguro w’amatora yo mu 2015 vyabaye
umwitwarariko munini mu mice yose y’igihugu mu mwaka w’2013. Kandi ivyo
vyaranatumye impari zaba zama zijana n’ihohoterwa ry’agateka ka zina muntu mu
vyerekeye umwidegemvyo w’abanyagihugu ka bunyagihugu.
Twarashimye ko aberwa n’ivya politike bahavuye bumvikana urupapuro ndanganzira
kuva muri Ntwarante 2013. Mugabo urugendo rushikana ku matora ruracari rurerure.
Ni naco gituma umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu uzoguma
uhamagarira aberwa n’ivya politike bose kwubahiriza no gushira mu ngiro ivyo
bumvikanye, bamenyere kwigumya, kuja inama n’ingingo, n’ukwakirana mu bidasa
bwabo.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu ubandanya usaba ngo
hubahirizwe amabwirizwa n’amategeko y’igihugu ata gutirigana, iryo yubahirizwa
rikingirwe n’abashinzwe ibanga ryo kuyashira mu ngiro, abarenga amabwirizwa
n’amategeko y’igihugu bahanwe hisunzwe indinganizo zategekanijwe, Uburundi
burandurane n’imizi ingeso yo kudahana.
Ku bijanye n’amateka ashingiye ku vy’imibano n’ubutunzi, inzitizi nyamukuru ihagaze
ku kuntu ubukene n’igabanuka ry’uburyo abanyagihugu bafise bwo kwitunga biguma
vyongerekana. Mu mwaka w’i 2013, ibintu vyarunyuwe n’ukuntu hahiye amasoko atari
make mu gihugu, na cane cane isoko nkuru y’i Bujumbura. Ibijanye n’impari ku
38
vy’imishahara y’abakozi vyaratumye hanaba ihagarikwa ry’akazi ry’urutavanako mu
gihe Lete itari ifise uburyo bukwiye bwo guca ishira mu ngiro ivyasabwa uravye
urugero ibwirizwa rigenga amafaranga Leta yari yategekanije bwari bwifashe n’icizere
co kuronka ayo mafaranga.
N’aho tuzi ko abafasha Uburundi bafise uruhara mu gufasha igihugu gutorera inyishu
ikibazo c’ubukene bubandanya bwiyongera, uruhara rwa mbere rwega bene Burundi,
na cane cane abarongozi b’igihugu mu nzego zitandukanye, ivyo bigasaba ubukerebutsi,
ukubona kure, ugutunganya n’ubuhinga bubereye imigambi y’iterambere, ukwubahiriza
ishirwa mu ngiro ry’ivyategekanijwe, uguteza imbere intwaro nziza ibereye, umuntu
arwanya ba kaboko n’ugusesagura.
Umurwi w’igihugu wigenga ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu uzobandanya ukaburira
abafasha Uburundi mu vy’iterambere ngo bakomeze bafata Uburundi mu mugongo,
bashigikize imfashanyo ifadika wa mugambi ugira kabiri wubakiye kw’iterambere
n’ukurwanya ubukene. Uyu murwi uzobandanya uhimiriza ngo habandanye hatera
imbere umutima wo kwiyumvamwo igihugu n’ukugikorera hamwe n’ugutegekanya
uburyo n’ico gufatirako mu gusuzuma ko ibirangurwa birangurwa neza kandi vyerekeza
kw’ihangiro igihugu cihaye, ivyo bikagirirwa ku mugaragaro, herekanwa ingene itunga
ry’igihugu ritunganywa neza.
39