review notes material world.notebook

review notes material world.notebook
May 27, 2016
Mass: the amount of particles that make up things around us. Unit: g or kg Instrument used : triple beam balance
Compares the mass of different substances with the same volume: Why is beaker B heavier than A,
although they have the same volume?
Answer: Beaker B has more particles than in A, and it contains a different substance than A. (ex: feather and sand)
Ex 2: An empty container weighs 100 g. After pouring in a liquid in that container, it now weighs 250 g. What is the mass of the liquid?
Answer: 250g ­ 100 g = 150g mass of liquid.
Volume: it is the amount of space an object occupies.
units: milliliters (mL), litres (L), cm3
mL and L are usually used for liquids and gases
cm3 are used for solids
Instruments: beaker, graduated cylinder, ruler
Compares the volume of different substances with the same mass:
Ex 1: There are 2 unknown rocks of different volume, but same mass. Explain how is that possible.
mass: 500g
mass: 500g
Answer: The small rock may be made up of a denser material. (ex: lead compared to aluminum)
How to measure a volume with a ruler.
the object has to be a regularly shaped object like a rectangular prism. ­ you measure the sides and multiply:
length X width X height
Chemical Changes
Indicators of a chemical change :
formation of a precipitate (solid), effervescence (gas) colour change
heat and light
ex1: There is a process in the lab. Here are the following steps:
1­ pour water in a beaker.
2­ place beaker in freezer.
3­ burn a piece of paper.
4­ make water boil.
CHOOSE THE PROCESS THAT IS A CHEMICAL CHANGE.
Answer: 3 : change of color
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review notes material world.notebook
May 27, 2016
Temperature
Describes the effect of heat on the degree of agitation of particles:
Particles that are hot have a lot of energy... making them move more.
ex: which of the states have particles that move a lot? solid, liquid or gas?
answer: gas because it has the most heat energy
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Defines temperature as a measurement of the degree of agitation of particles
Definition de la temperature:
it is the measurement of the amount of agitation particles have. (it's the measurement of heat)
c'est la mesure du degré d'agitation des particules. (c'est la mesure de la chaleur)
ex: laquelle des substances a des particules qui sont très agitées? ­5 C, 0 C, 15 C, 45 C
answer: 45 C car c'est la température la plus élevée. = plus agité
Explains the thermal expansion of bodies
objects that are hotter, because they move more, they take up more space = they will expand...
ex: why do asphalt roads crack in the spring?
answer: the particles spread out, because they are hotter (hotter weather)... making the road "spread apart" also.
États de la matière
The triangle of phases*
Names the different phase changes of matter (vaporization, condensation, freezing, melting, deposition, sublimation)1
ex: name the phase change (nomme le changement de phase)
moth balls (boules à mites) release an odor that repells moths: s ­­­­ g = sublimation
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review notes material world.notebook
May 27, 2016
acids and bases: proprietés characteristiques
Determines the observable properties of acidic, basic or neutral solutions (e.g. reaction to litmus, reactivity with metals)
red blue reaction litmus litmus with paper paper metal
Determines the acidity or basic of common substances:
water, salt: neutre
lemon juice, vinegar, soft drinks: acid
milk of magnesia (anti­acid for stomach), cleaners : bases
Propriétés charactéristiques
définition: propriété qui va te permettre de connaître la nature de la substance.
(property that will allow you determine the nature of a substance)
Examples of charac. properties:
­ acids and bases
­ electric or heat conductivity
­ hardness (la dureté)
­ density (la masse volumique)
­ boiling and melting temperatures (températures d'ébullition et de fusion)
ex: l'eau bout à 100 C, elle a une masse volumique de 1 g par ml.
non charactéristique: elle est claire
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review notes material world.notebook
May 27, 2016
Propriétés non charactéristiques: masse, volume, couleur, température
Mélanges
Homogène
1 phase visible
Ex: eau et sel
Hétérogène
2 ou plusieurs phases visibles
ex: céréales on voit du liquide et du solide
Méthodes de séparation
Homogène
Hétérogène
­ filtration
­évaporation
­ tamissage (to drain)
­distillation (si on ­ décantation (to pour into ne veut pas que le another container
liquide s'envole ­ sédimentation (laisser la dans l'air)
partie solide couler au fond)
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