Economic approach of fishing activity in the tidal part of the
Transcription
Economic approach of fishing activity in the tidal part of the
Economic approach of fishing activity in the tidal part of the Loire, the Gironde and the Adour River: typology of the activity, economic results and viability of the fishing enterprises. Caill-Milly N., Castelnaud G. and Couliou J.-R. © Ifremer © Ifremer © Cemagref • Introduction An economic survey, partly based on the preliminary analysis of the fishery activity was developped between 2000 and 2002 on the tidal part of three main French rivers of Loire, Gironde and Adour within the framework of Pecosude. The objective of this European project was to describe on the scale of the Atlantic coast of three countries (France, Spain and Portugal) the activity of the small inshore and estuarine fisheries from the fishing point of view, to consider the socio-economic importance compared to the other types of fisheries, to obtain first results on the relation between the fishing activity and the economy of the drainage basin. The methodology was elaborated by a working group including economists, fishery scientists and geographers from the laboratories involved. • Context and method SKIPPERS FISHING BOATS The collected data concerned : Stratified sample Loire Numbers of skippers 220 200 - Fisheries Fishing gears, species, fishing periods, localization of the catches Loire* Gironde - Socio-economy Age, origin, training, pluriactivity, turnover, charges, production factors,… Inquieries on 10 % of the basic population Numbers of vessels 370 200 Gironde Comparaison with other data sources: CRTS, CSP, Cemagref, Ifremer 150 150 - Marketing Owned equipments, destinations of the sales,… Harmonized questionnaire Adour Adour 0 100 km Marine fishermen Marine fishermen vessels River fishermen River fishermen vessels Semi-directing interviews * This level is the lower data, particularly for the river fishermen vessels, because the collected data about the Loire estuary vessels is not complete. Around sixty indicators were built in order to estimate the production factors and their costs, the economic performance of the enterprises (including the repercussions on the production factors) and the conditions of the first sale. • Main results • Determination of groups of estuarine vessels with close behaviors in terms of fishing gears, species, fishermen status, even of activity level: 5 groups for Loire, 3 groups for Gironde, 2 groups for Adour. The catches are realized by very polyvalent units (essentially several types of nets, trawl net, traps, pots). The results presented below concern the units mainly working in the tidal part. • Professionnal activity is caracterized by a pluriactivity increasing from downstream to upstream. Apart sea fishing, the others activities listed are mainly agriculture and services. Estuary Pourcentage of pluriactive marine fishermen Pourcentage of pluriactive river fishermen Gironde 10 % 40 % Adour 48 % 90 % • Turnover realized inside the estuary in 2000 Estuary Loire Gironde Adour River fishermen Precise details 26,4 k€ 48,9 k€ Per boat 34,3 k€ a vital product for the considered fishermen © Ifremer / O. Barbaroux For the units that only work in the estuary, and according to the inquieries done, the average percentage of the turnover coming from this product is Estuary Marine fishermen 48,2 k€ Place of the glass eel 22,1 k€ Per entreprise Marine fishermen River fishermen Loire 48% 63% Gironde 58% 23% Adour 69% Not defined Per entreprise Not defined • Main species in value: European eel (juvenile stage), lamprey, shad, meagre, shrimp, European eel (subadulte stage), salmon, sole. Order depending on the river and the status of the professionnals. Per estuary, the estimated value of the sale of this alevin is substantial; it represents more than 60 % of the production. 7000 • Estimated net pay per person on board in 2000 Loire Gironde Adour Marine fishermen 22,5 k€ 27,3 k€ 21,6 k€ River fishermen 6000 Precise details Not defined Per boat 14,0 k€ Per entreprise Per entreprise Not defined • Apparent capital factor productivity (Turnover/Insured vessel value) and labor factor productivity (Turnover/crewmembers on board) Capital factor Labor factor Remark From 1,2 to 5,1 From 22 to 46 k€ /person For some areas and status, high ratios regarding other types of small inshore fisheries Turnover-glass eel (k€) Estuary 5000 Marine fishermen 4000 3000 River fishermen 2000 1000 0 LOIRE (data 2000) GIRONDE (data 1999) ADOUR (data 2000) NB : catches done in the “Courants landais”included for the Adour river fishermen • Conclusion The fishing activity in the tidal part of the three considered estuaries is performed by marine or river fishermen, which are mainly working alone on board, sometimes with the help of a second sailor. The skipper owns one or more boats, depending on the areas and the fishing periods that can be restricted (glass eel) or on the opposite diversified. The pluriactivity, that influences the fishing strategies, is limited for the marine fishermen but frequent for the river professionals, in particular on the Adour River. When they are full-time river fishermen, they only work on the river part and are less dependant on the glass eel than the marine fishermen; other species like shad, lamprey, European eel (adult stage) or shrimp constituted important catches. These products, unlike glass eel, contribute to the regional gastronomy. They are locally sold directly to the consumers and restaurants or through the wholesalers, the fishmongers, the large-scale distribution. These distribution networks, that very rarely include the auction place, make the statistic survey difficult and lead to an under-estimation of the production of the fishing activity in the tidal part of the estuaries. The results obtained with the socio-economic indicators used in the project Pecosude (in particular the evaluation of the net pay per person) confirmed the viability of the fishing entreprises considered. It’s particularly the case of the Gironde Estuary, which represents the most important population of fishermen, whose activity is mainly carried out in the river part and depends little on the sea. Contacts : [email protected] • [email protected] • [email protected]