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dolphin dreams solitude
Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Accident Accusation Colère Arrestation Atrocité Coup Ennui Brûlure Cimetière Cafard Froideur Combat Condoléances Conspiration Mépris Crime Cri Danger Obscurité Mort Tromperie Déception Dettes Destruction Diable Saleté Discrimination Maladie Déshonneur Dispute Divorce Naufrage Unfall Anklage Ärger Verhaftung Gräueltat Schlag Langeweile Verbrennung Friedhof Kakerlake Kälte Gefecht Beileid Verschwörung Verachtung Verbrechen Schrei Gefahr Dunkelheit Tod Heuchelei Enttäuschung Schulden Zerstörung Teufel Schmutz Diskriminierung Krankheit Schande Streit Scheidung Untergang Valence French German Arousal French German Negative Words Accident Accusation Anger Arrest Atrocity Blow Boredom Burn Cemetery Cockroach Cold Combat Condolences Conspiration Contempt Crime Cry Danger Darkness Death Deceit Deception Dept Destruction Devil Dirt Discrimination Disease Disgrace Dispute Divorce Downfall 1 2.76 3.17 3.30 2.60 1.83 3.52 2.71 3.05 2.65 3.40 3.48 4.26 2.80 3.60 2.45 2.17 3.67 3.30 4.00 2.76 2.61 2.91 2.43 2.17 2.78 3.22 2.35 2.45 2.70 2.96 2.57 2.85 2.39 3.30 2.55 2.48 2.47 3.19 3.29 2.71 3.58 3.23 3.80 3.67 3.10 3.13 2.28 2.67 3.81 3.10 4.07 2.10 2.53 2.70 2.57 2.47 3.50 3.90 2.50 2.39 2.93 2.83 2.70 2.76 7.81 6.43 6.40 5.40 6.61 7.29 5.00 7.57 5.62 5.67 4.55 6.27 4.80 6.71 5.50 7.22 7.57 7.81 5.64 7.19 6.64 5.64 5.96 6.91 6.48 5.64 6.59 7.14 5.20 6.59 6.48 5.50 7.38 6.21 7.32 7.36 7.14 6.88 3.41 6.53 4.34 5.50 5.28 6.72 5.57 6.38 6.82 6.93 7.16 7.22 4.97 6.38 6.66 6.3 6.57 7.48 6.79 4.59 6.97 6.25 6.68 7.03 6.31 6.39 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Dust End Error Failure Fatality Fear Fever Fight Frustration Funeral Garbage Genocide Ghetto Goodbye Grief Gun Hangman Hate Hell Horror Hostility Humiliation Hunger Impotence Indifference Indisposition Injustice Insanity Insult Jealousy Laziness Lie Loneliness Manipulation Poussière Fin Erreur Échec Malheur Crainte Fièvre Combat Frustration Funérailles Ordure Génocide Ghetto Adieu Peine Fusil Bourreau Haine Enfer Horreur Hostilité Humiliation Faim Impuissance Indifférence Malaise Injustice Folie Insulte Jalousie Paresse Mensonge Solitude Manipulation Staub Ende Fehler Misserfolg Unglück Furcht Fieber Kampf Frust Beerdigung Müll Völkermord Ghetto Abschied Kummer Gewehr Henker Hass Hölle Grauen Feindschaft Demütigung Hunger Impotenz Gleichgültigkeit Unwohlsein Ungerechtigkeit Wahnsinn Beleidigung Misstrauen Faulheit Lüge Einsamkeit Manipulation 2 Valence French German 3.86 3.90 3.70 2.96 2.44 3.26 2.95 4.30 3.00 2.22 3.20 1.70 3.05 2.95 3.11 3.04 2.00 1.74 3.00 2.80 2.91 2.17 3.70 2.75 3.39 2.80 2.10 4.43 3.25 2.40 4.39 3.04 3.39 3.14 4.13 3.90 3.42 2.33 2.57 3.03 3.19 3.65 2.48 2.77 3.00 1.77 3.13 2.79 2.83 2.90 2.48 2.20 2.61 2.45 2.33 2.00 3.38 2.66 3.73 3.03 2.55 3.93 2.94 2.69 3.93 2.90 2.67 3.19 Arousal French German 4.29 5.48 7.00 6.17 5.62 5.73 6.24 7.52 5.85 6.09 6.52 7.59 6.95 4.55 6.26 6.27 5.30 7.22 7.29 7.52 6.73 6.35 5.75 5.35 5.23 6.86 6.25 6.36 6.54 6.15 3.86 6.77 5.00 6.48 3.84 4.84 6.00 6.83 6.69 6.45 5.16 7.44 6.82 6.21 4.84 7.83 6.03 7.07 6.21 6.93 6.93 6.90 6.16 6.75 7.21 7.24 6.50 6.25 4.00 5.72 6.96 7.28 6.50 7.11 3.77 6.76 4.45 6.28 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Meanness Misery Nightmare Nonsense Pain Poverty Prison Punishment Rat Remorse Regret Rejection Scar Scumbag Separation Shame Sorrow Sorrow Spittle Stain Suffering Suicide Tax Tear Thunderstorm Tiredness Torture Trauma Ugliness War Whiner Worry Wound Méchanceté Misère Cauchemar Bêtise Douleur Pauvreté Prison Punition Rat Remords Regrets Refus Cicatrice Salaud Séparation Honte Chagrin Deuil Crachat Tâche Souffrance Suicide Impôt Larme Tempête Fatigue Torture Traumatisme Laideur Guerre Pleurnicheur Souci Blessure Gemeinheit Elend Albtraum Unsinn Schmerz Armut Gefängnis Strafe Ratte Reue Bedauern Zurückweisung Narbe Mistkerl Trennung Scham Leid Trauer Geifer Fleck Leiden Selbstmord Steuer Träne Unwetter Müdigkeit Folter Trauma Hässlichkeit Krieg Quengler Sorge Wunde 3 Valence French German 3.25 2.52 3.15 3.95 2.55 2.61 2.35 2.30 3.40 3.62 3.20 3.08 3.55 3.25 3.20 3.15 3.09 2.95 3.00 4.30 2.35 2.17 3.13 3.52 3.83 3.52 1.65 2.00 3.60 2.00 3.45 3.00 2.95 3.13 2.20 2.45 4.03 2.07 2.57 2.48 2.62 3.23 3.87 3.38 2.71 3.58 2.87 2.71 3.58 2.35 3.10 3.97 4.10 2.31 1.60 4.03 3.40 4.00 3.77 1.80 2.62 3.10 2.07 3.03 3.13 3.19 Arousal French German 7.38 6.74 7.76 5.62 6.45 6.18 5.6 4.95 5.33 6.67 5.65 5.95 6.57 7.71 7.24 6.95 6.16 6.62 6.38 4.68 5.60 6.82 5.78 5.70 6.55 4.09 6.96 5.65 5.57 6.10 5.71 6.81 7.19 6.50 6.62 7.34 5.41 7.00 6.07 7.14 7.14 5.28 5.97 5.18 6.66 5.63 6.34 7.09 5.78 6.44 5.44 4.72 4.55 7.18 7.59 5.41 5.77 6.28 3.17 8.14 7.04 5.88 7.71 5.41 6.28 5.91 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Avion Pomme Automne Panier Début Bicyclette Oiseau Bateau Carnet Botte Bouteille Collier Pain Pont Tapis Chat Prudence Chaise Fromage Causerie Choeur Nuage Manteau Contenu Coin Crayon Couronne Chien Tambour Ferme Paysan Champ Flugzeug Apfel Herbst Korb Beginn Fahrrad Vogel Boot Heft Stiefel Flasche Kette Brot Brücke Teppich Katze Vorsicht Stuhl Käse Geplauder Chor Wolke Mantel Inhalt Ecke Stift Krone Hund Trommel Bauernhof Bauer Feld Valence French German Arousal French German Neutral Words Airplane Appel Autumn Basket Begin Bicycle Bird Boat Booklet Boot Bottle Bracelet Bread Bridge Carpet Cat Caution Chair Cheese Chitchat Choir Cloud Coat Content Corner Crayon Crone Dog Drum Farm Farmer Field 4 5.80 5.65 5.52 5.45 5.35 5.61 5.95 5.90 5.33 5.05 5.26 5.30 5.96 5.05 5.00 5.90 5.40 4.80 5.30 5.40 5.67 5.57 5.17 5.30 4.70 5.35 5.15 5.10 5.35 5.10 5.04 5.85 5.72 5.32 5.70 4.97 5.90 5.33 5.87 5.45 4.97 5.13 5.03 5.10 5.67 5.65 5.00 6.10 4.81 5.06 5.48 5.31 5.65 6.03 5.13 5.42 4.87 5.14 5.52 5.83 5.52 6.10 4.70 5.45 5.20 4.10 3.73 3.29 5.00 4.14 4.24 4.00 3.81 3.90 4.23 4.95 4.05 3.90 4.25 4.70 4.86 3.67 4.00 4.75 4.71 3.74 3.27 4.05 4.38 4.45 4.85 4.40 4.76 4.52 3.65 4.10 5.07 3.88 4.24 3.69 5.07 4.45 4.34 3.96 3.41 3.94 4.00 4.46 3.90 4.25 3.43 4.04 6.19 3.59 3.75 4.57 4.72 3.31 3.62 4.28 3.72 3.93 4.39 4.86 5.25 4.34 3.79 3.89 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Finger Fish Fisherman Flour Foot Fork Frog Gardener Habit Hair Half Hat Head Hen Hill Hotel Jewelry Key Ladder Language Leaf Leg Letter Lion Market Middle Milk Month Mouse Need Nose Nun Opinion Pants Doigt Poisson Pêcheur Farine Pied Fourchette Grenouille Jardinier Habitude Cheveux Moitié Châpeau Tête Poule Colline Hôtel Bijou Clé Échelle Langue Feuille Jambe Lettre Lion Marché Milieu Lait Mois Souris Besoin Nez Nonne Avis Pantalon Finger Fisch Fischer Mehl Fuß Gabel Frosch Gärtner Gewohnheit Haare Hälfte Hut Kopf Huhn Hügel Hotel Juwel Schlüssel Leiter Zunge Blatt Bein Brief Löwe Markt Mitte Milch Monat Maus Bedürfnis Nase Nonne Meinung Hose 5 Valence French German 5.09 5.20 5.75 5.24 4.70 5.00 5.45 5.57 4.83 5.45 6.00 5.36 5.48 5.45 5.78 5.65 5.75 5.70 4.70 5.65 5.39 5.13 5.80 6.00 5.20 5.05 5.45 4.75 5.04 4.55 4.91 4.50 5.35 5.04 4.90 5.45 5.24 4.90 5.07 5.00 4.90 5.32 4.90 5.79 4.87 5.43 5.63 4.94 5.57 5.58 5.93 5.38 5.34 5.39 5.13 5.20 5.84 5.63 5.48 5.28 5.52 4.87 5.17 5.16 5.07 5.19 5.83 5.13 Arousal French German 4.05 3.38 4.05 3.38 3.27 4.00 4.00 3.76 3.73 4.30 4.86 3.73 4.09 3.52 4.00 4.19 5.25 4.55 4.70 5.48 3.18 3.95 4.24 5.86 5.48 4.65 4.10 4.24 4.65 6.48 3.57 3.00 4.90 4.13 4.28 3.88 3.46 3.25 3.72 3.84 4.25 3.59 3.07 3.79 4.22 4.14 4.55 4.06 3.45 3.66 4.79 4.07 4.07 4.97 3.31 4.10 4.03 5.62 5.22 4.21 3.53 3.84 4.21 5.72 3.83 2.94 5.96 4.21 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Pen Place Plea Port Proof Queen Question Rain Response River Rock Roof Salt School Shirt Staircase Street Sugar Table Thing Time Tool Tooth Umbrella Vegetable Washbasin Way Week Whale Wheat Wing Winter Work Year Stylo Place Appel Port Preuve Reine Question Pluie Reponse Fleuve Rocher Toit Sel École Chemise Escalier Rue Sucre Table Chose Temps Outil Dent Parapluie Légume Lavabo Chemin Semaine Baleine Blé Aile Hiver Travail Année Kugelschreiber Platz Anruf Hafen Beweis Königin Frage Regen Antwort Fluss Felsen Dach Salz Schule Hemd Treppe Strasse Zucker Tisch Sache Zeit Werkzeug Zahn Regenschirm Gemüse Waschbecken Weg Woche Wal Getreide Flügel Winter Arbeit Jahr 6 Valence French German 5.10 5.39 5.25 5.70 5.10 5.52 5.30 4.61 5.70 5.86 5.26 5.43 5.09 5.04 5.00 5.00 5.00 6.04 5.00 4.85 4.90 4.90 4.75 4.90 5.65 5.10 6.00 5.20 5.70 5.50 5.85 5.25 5.40 5.95 5.10 5.67 5.76 5.73 5.34 6.03 5.30 4.87 5.87 5.74 5.40 4.90 5.27 5.17 5.14 4.97 4.93 5.67 5.10 4.94 5.45 5.35 4.71 5.00 5.71 5.03 5.70 5.07 5.97 5.52 6.14 4.83 5.14 4.90 Arousal French German 4.10 3.83 5.30 3.77 5.20 4.33 4.43 3.87 4.09 3.48 3.09 3.73 4.27 4.77 4.25 3.59 3.96 4.64 3.24 3.90 5.55 4.90 4.38 4.14 4.05 4.15 3.86 4.35 3.59 3.75 4.95 4.30 5.40 4.25 3.84 3.33 5.50 3.45 5.61 4.75 5.28 4.34 4.37 3.82 3.83 3.57 4.24 5.31 3.79 4.17 4.17 4.38 3.53 3.94 4.93 4.66 3.78 3.59 3.69 3.79 4.03 4.50 3.33 3.68 4.54 4.89 5.32 4.29 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Admiration Aventure Affection Air Ange Applaudissement Art Attachement Plage Beauté Naissance Gâteau Confiserie Grâce Enfance Noël Fraternité Confiance Félicitations Consolation Couple Courage Chérie Enchantement Désir Dauphin Rêve Extase Sentiment Réconfort Fiançailles Euphorie Verehrung Abenteuer Zuneigung Luft Engel Beifall Kunst Verbundenheit Strand Schönheit Geburt Kuchen Süßigkeit Liebreiz Kindheit Weihnachten Gemeinschaft Vertrauen Gratulation Trost Liebespaar Mut Liebling Entzücken Begehren Delphin Traum Extase Gefühl Aufmunterung Verlobung Euphorie Valence French German Arousal French German Positive Words Admiration Adventure Affection Air Angel Applause Art Attachment Beach Beauty Birth Cake Candy Charm Childhood Christmas Community Confidence Congratulations Consolation Couple Courage Darling Delight Desire Dolphin Dream Ecstasy Emotion Encouragement Engagement Euphoria 7 7.10 7.13 7.04 6.50 6.75 7.13 6.60 6.57 7.10 7.22 7.43 6.48 6.45 6.65 6.35 6.33 6.80 6.75 6.80 6.20 7.26 6.90 7.70 6.70 7.50 6.25 7.10 7.62 6.90 6.70 6.48 7.90 6.66 7.30 7.57 6.45 6.62 6.60 6.58 7.03 7.59 6.80 6.30 6.77 6.48 6.70 6.83 6.87 7.16 7.65 6.84 6.76 7.10 7.29 7.28 6.94 6.55 6.23 7.00 6.90 7.03 7.03 6.58 7.03 5.95 6.50 4.91 3.90 3.90 5.41 5.24 5.00 4.55 5.35 6.26 4.96 5.30 4.57 4.65 5.14 4.81 4.67 6.33 4.40 5.35 6.20 6.25 5.05 6.75 3.29 4.95 7.81 5.80 4.25 5.33 7.00 5.04 7.17 4.33 4.16 3.64 5.83 4.53 4.59 3.57 4.86 6.23 4.38 4.68 4.69 4.71 5.63 5.06 4.16 5.19 4.00 4.72 6.34 4.89 5.84 6.29 4.13 5.09 7.38 5.21 5.11 6.19 6.64 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Experience Family Female friend Fiance Flower Freedom Friend Friendliness Friendship Gain Game Garden Gift Girl Good deed Happiness Health Heart Hero Honesty Hope Imagination Independence Invention Invitation Joke Joy Joy Kiss Knowledge Liberation Liberty Light Love Expérience Famille Copine Fiancée Fleur Paix Copain Gentillesse Amitié Gain Jeux Jardin Cadeau Fille Bienfaits Gaieté Santé Coeur Héros Sincérité Espoir Fantasie Indépendance Invention Invitation Blague Jouissance Joie Baiser Connaissance Libération Liberté Lumière Amour Erfahrung Familie Freundin Braut Blume Frieden Freund Freundlichkeit Freundschaft Gewinn Spiel Garten Geschenk Mädchen Wohltat Fröhlichkeit Gesundheit Herz Held Ehrlichkeit Hoffnung Phantasie Unabhängigkeit Erfindung Einladung Witz Genuss Freude Kuss Wissen Befreiung Freiheit Licht Liebe 8 Valence French German 7.00 7.26 7.70 7.00 6.95 7.70 7.25 6.55 7.65 6.48 6.95 6.61 6.40 6.55 6.87 7.35 6.75 7.20 6.75 6.80 7.22 6.90 6.50 6.61 6.61 7.17 7.78 7.95 7.25 7.05 6.90 7.35 7.22 8.10 6.76 7.10 7.62 6.37 6.61 7.83 7.84 7.26 7.93 7.30 6.58 6.53 7.17 6.34 7.00 7.40 7.62 7.03 6.72 7.58 7.10 7.03 7.39 6.17 6.53 6.93 7.03 7.72 8.00 6.66 7.29 7.81 7.13 8.32 Arousal French German 5.40 5.68 6.25 5.74 4.05 4.14 5.48 4.57 5.75 5.61 5.86 3.18 6.05 5.25 4.22 6.00 5.00 5.43 6.10 4.90 5.57 5.85 5.57 5.78 5.83 6.05 6.74 6.15 7.00 5.85 5.95 5.48 5.00 6.29 4.68 4.34 4.68 5.17 3.84 3.45 5.13 5.44 4.54 5.90 5.81 3.38 5.39 5.32 3.53 5.41 4.04 5.56 5.61 5.25 4.80 5.50 5.91 4.83 5.41 5.83 4.79 5.86 6.25 4.96 5.97 6.31 4.79 7.03 Supplement A: Valance and Arousal Ratings for the 300 French-German synonym pairs used in the experiment. English translations are provided. English French German Luck Melody Miracle Movie theatre Parents Party Pleasure Pleasure Possibility Progress Promise Recreation Relation Relief Rescue Respect Reverie Sea Sensuality Smile Song Spring Success Summer Sun Sunday Surprise Tenderness Tranquility Walk Wave Wish World Youth Bonheur Mélodie Merveille Cinéma Parents Fête Délice Plaisir Possibilité Progrès Promesse Repos Relation Soulagement Sauvetage Respect Rêverie Mer Sensualité Sourire Chanson Printemps Succès Été Soleil Dimanche Surprise Tendresse Tranquillité Promenade Vague Souhait Monde Jeunesse Glück Melodie Wunder Kino Eltern Feier Hochgenuss Spaß Möglichkeit Fortschritt Versprechen Erholung Beziehung Erleichterung Rettung Respekt Träumerei Meer Sinnlichkeit Lächeln Lied Frühling Erfolg Sommer Sonne Sonntag Überraschung Zärtlichkeit Friedlichkeit Spaziergang Welle Wunsch Welt Jugend 9 Valence French German 7.60 7.05 7.45 6.87 6.67 7.04 7.48 7.65 6.50 6.70 6.39 6.75 7.04 6.39 6.57 7.55 7.45 6.57 7.70 7.48 6.43 6.45 7.20 7.39 7.40 6.20 7.04 7.70 6.90 6.30 6.50 6.50 6.70 6.70 8.03 6.61 7.14 6.53 6.74 7.30 7.35 7.69 6.32 6.57 6.40 7.41 6.93 7.03 7.17 7.03 6.66 7.20 7.52 7.53 6.23 7.23 7.42 7.30 7.03 6.34 6.97 7.80 7.52 6.60 6.28 6.68 6.47 6.63 Arousal French German 5.33 4.76 5.25 5.39 4.95 6.65 4.81 6.26 5.24 5.70 5.09 3.65 5.68 4.32 4.86 4.50 4.35 4.32 6.55 5.39 4.67 4.62 6.76 5.55 5.95 3.55 6.87 5.14 3.85 3.77 4.80 5.57 4.96 5.27 5.78 4.75 5.61 4.55 5.16 6.10 6.06 6.18 5.34 4.93 4.86 2.96 4.79 3.59 5.69 4.86 3.46 3.50 5.11 4.21 5.34 5.22 6.25 4.90 5.03 3.04 7.24 4.30 3.21 3.28 4.11 5.84 4.59 5.14 Supplement B: Pseudowords derived from French and German Words by exchanging two letters. Thus, the typical characteristics of the respective target language were retained. German Pseudowords Unkst Flersigkeit Deidenschift Entpatigung Ferstor Libhafgigkeit Eifurmucht Peschichle Fiebkoseng Brausimkeit Kroin Miebenswerdigkeit Piwalt Nochlar Weisu Milsbreuch Pfild Munschtichkeit Schlogenei Schom Rahrheut Kich Skodt Sunftleit Varpeltung Tilse Zefriedesheit Scholk Zeipschroft Wanper Piolencu Doisan Veyame Chunal Ubuc Huranoté Bamorre Chaustère Réritu Valte Milheut Voiceur Pulcution Fassi Gatisfactien Nogazine Culpébicité Murache French Pseudowords Teus Siquode Gassien Fenipre Désourègement Rovacité Janoutie Hamtoire Tindlesse Corclu Cluauté Umagilité 10
