Central Northumberland planning area

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ONTARIO
DIVISION OF MINES
GEOLOGICAL BRANCH
Open File Report
5135
Central Northumberland Planning Area
Alnwick, Percy, Haldimand and Cramahe Townships,
Northumberland County, Ontario
By
R.A. Brinsmead
1972
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to
the Ontario Division of Mines. It is recommended that reference
to this report be made in the following form:
R.A. Brinsmead
1972: Central Northumberland Planning Area,Alnwick,
Percy,Haldimand and Cramahe Townships,Northumberland
County,Ontario-Ontario Div.Mines OFR 5135,
17 p., l map.
OPEN FILE REPORTS
Open file reports are made available to the public subject to
certain conditions. Anyone using them shall be deemed to have
agreed to these conditions which are as follows:
This report is unedited. Discrepancies may occur for
which the Division does not assume liability.
Open file copies may be read at the following places:
Mines Library (Room W1603 5 Whitney Block) v
Ministry of Natural Resources, Mines Branch,
Parliament Buildings, Toronto.
The office of the Resident or Regional Geologist in
whose district the area covered oy this report is located
A report cannot be taken out of these offices. Handwritten notes
and sketches may be made from it. This particular report is on
file in the Regional or Resident Geologist's office located at:
South Boundary Road
D.F. Hewitt
Kemtville
Room 24 01
Ontario
Phanerozoic section
Whitney Block
Open file reports cannot be handed out for office reading until
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A copy of this report is available for inter-library loan*
The Division cannot supply photocopies. Arrangements may be
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The Librarian or Resident Geologist will supply information
about these arrangements.
The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Ontario
Division of Mines. Permission for other reproduction must be
obtained in writing from the Director, Geological Branch.
E.G. Pye,
Director, Geological Branch.
-i i-
MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE CENTRAL NORTHUMBERLAND PLANNING AREA
The Central Northumberland Planning Area comprises the
townships of Alnwick, Percy, Haldimand and Cramahe, in Northumberland
County.
The area lies just east of the town of Cobourg, and extends
from the Lake Ontario shore northwards to Rice Lake and the Trent
River.
The four townships, representing roughly 325 square miles
of territory, are covered by the following National Topographic
System map sheets at 1:50,000 scale:
Port Hope East, Rice Lake
East, Peterborough, Presqu T ile West, Trenton West, and Campbellford.
A composite map assembled from these sheets and presenting information
on sand and gravel deposits and on pit locations, accompanies
this report.
LOCAL GEOLOGY
The bedrock geology of the four townships is outlined in
reports by C.G. Winder (1954, 1955), and B.A. Liberty (1960),
all of which have accompanying maps.
Geology of the surficial deposits of most of Haldimand and
Alnwick Townships is covered on the map accompanying C.P. Gravenor's
1957 report on the Lindsay - Peterborough Area.
The remainder of
the Planning Area is covered in an unpublished doctoral thesis
by E. Mirynech (1962).
- 2 -
THE GEOLOGICAL SECTION
The following table presents the sequence of geological deposits
and formations which outcrop within the Planning Area.
Quaternary:
Pleistocene - gravel, sand, iilt, clay, glacial till.
Paleozoic:
Ordovician
Cobourg Beds (Lindsay Formation) - fine grained grey limestone
Sherman Fall Beds (Verulam Formation) - grey to bluish-grey
limestone with thin shale beds.
BEDROCK GEOLOGY AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
The older of the two rock units outcropping in the area is
the Sherman Fall Beds.
This unit underlies the land surface over
roughly the northern two-fifths of the area, north of a line joining
points just south of Fenella and Morganston.
This unit is not
quarried in the area, and is covered by moderate to heavy Pleistocene
overburden, except for scattered outcrops along the Trent River.
The limits of the Sherman Fall Beds closely approximate those of the
Verulam Formation in the more up-to-date classification presently
used by Liberty.
Above the Sherman Fall Beds lie the Cohourv BfJ.s, which are
equivalent to the
terminology.
Lindsay Formation in the presently accepted
This unit underlies the remainder ci. the Planning
Area, and for the most part is quite heavily mantled by Pleistocene
overburden.
Some outcrops occur along the Lake Ontario shoreline,
particularly on points of land jutting out into the lake,
An
area of thin drift cover is associated with the-, outcrops at Ogden
Point, and the St. Lawrence Cement Company here holds a large
acreage and has established a limestone quarry ( See map, location
67).
The Cobourg Beds are somewhat argillaceous, rendering them
suitable for cement manufacturing.
Some outcrops also occur at
Chub Point, south of Grafton, and a situation of minimal drift
thickness similar to that at Ogden Point may exist.
This suggestion
is speculative, and is not verified by drift thickness studies.
PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY AND ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
A considerable percentage of the land area within the townships
is covered by glacial till, sandy in nature, and containing pebbles
and boulders mainly of limestone composition.
OWT most of the
area where the till is exposed, it is clrumli nizeu. resulting, in a
rolling topography.
The till masks the bedrock surface, making
- 4 -
access to the underlying limestone uneconomic in most of the area.
There are no significant pits in the, till-covered areas, as
granular material for fill and road-surfacing is abundant in the
widespread sand and gravel deposits found in the region.
OAK RIDGES MORAINE:
During the Pleistocene glaciation of Southern Ontario, one
glacial lobe advanced up the Lake Ontario basin from the east,
and a second moved from the north and east to meet the Lake Ontario
lobe along a line which lies a few miles north of the present lake
shore
Meltwater drainage along this line gave rise to the kame
deposits which form the Oak Ridges interlobate moraine.
Most of
the northern half of Haldimand Township is occupied by this
moraine, with portions of it also extending into the other three
townships.
This is basically a huge body of sand and gravel,
which is exposed at surface over large areas, but in some places
is mantled by till due to glacial overriding, particularly on
the northern and southern flanks.
Numerous pits have been developed in the deposits of the
interlobate moraine, most of them in Alnwick Township and the
northwestern corner of Haldimand Township.
Three pits are
presently active in Alnwick Township (See map).
Of these, location
2 is the largest operation, although no permanent plant "^ p7*esent
on the site.
Face-height is about, 35 feet, and considerable
reserves remain.
Location l is a smaller, recentLv~opencd pit with
good reserves, and location 3 is nearing depletion on Lhe property
presently owned by the operator, although the neighbouring farm
has fairly large reserves.
Alnwick also has three inactive pit
sites with workable reserves of varying quality, and several abandoned
pits, indicating widespread availability of material.
In the portion of Haldimand Township covered by the Interlobate
moraine, there are no active pits, and only one inactive one, at
location 30.
At this site, a considerable acreage in the kame
complex is owned by Harnden and King Ltd., with probable large
reserves of good quality crushable gravel.
Locations 33, 34 and
35 have been abandoned for some time and are becoming overgrown,
but economic reserves certainly exist in the ai'eas surrounding
them.
Abandoned pits at locations 36 and 37, near Castleton,
contain sandier material.
No pits are known along the central
axis of the moraine, where large tracts of sand exl ^
These
areas of low stone content no doubt are less desirable for the
development of granular extractive operations.
South of Vernonville and west of Shelter Valley, a small area
of outwash is located, consisting mainly of sand.
No pits art
- 6 -
developed in t h i o deposit, and the material is probably not
particularly desirable because of low stone content.
ESKERS, KAMES:
During the period of glacial stagnation and ablation, as
the Pleistocene glaciation came to an end, subglacial meltwater
streams built eskers which remained on top of the till blanket after
the ice disappeared.
Some esker remnants are present in Percy
Township, and many of the township's pits are located in these
deposits.
None of the pits is active, but the several inactive ones
have economic reserves of crushable gravel.
Besides these, location
16 has moderate reserves, being located in what is probably an
outlying remnant of the interlobate moraine.
a small kame deposit on the side of a drumlin.
Location 17 occupies
Another small kame
deposit occurs just northeast of Burnley in Haldimand Township.
Location 24;
southwest of Hastings, contains dirty gravel capped
by about 15 feet of clay, silt and possibly till, the material
probably being useful only as fill.
LAKE iKOQUOiS BEACHES AND BARS :
The other major class of granular deposits in the area is the
beach and bar deposits of the abandoned Lake Iroquois shoreline.
During glacial recession, meltwaters were ponded in the Lake Ontario
basin by ice blocking the outlet through the Se. Lawrence lowlands.
The water stood for a long period at a position corresponding to
a present elevation of just over 600 feet above sea level in the
study area, to form the ancient glacial Lake Iroquois .Wave action
winnowed shoreline till deposits, and rearranged deltaic material
washed into-Lake Iroquois, depositing the sand and gravel in a
well-developed beach and bar complex.
The main body of this deposit
stretches in a roughly east-west direction across the southern
portion of Haldimand and Cramahe Townships.
Beach and bar deposits
of the Trent embayment of Lake Iroquois extend in a northeasterly
direction across Cramahe and Percy Townships.
Highway 401 is constructed on the Iroquois shoreline deposits
through most of its length within the area.
Numerous pits were
developed in the beach deposits to provide for the construction of
this highway.
Many are now abandoned, as indicated on the map,
but large reserves of sand and gravel remain throughout much of
the length of the main east-west trending deposit.
- 8 -
Two active pits, locations 28 and 29, occupy the beach deposits
in Haldimand Township, neither being large producers.
Location
28 is also used as a sanitary landfill site for the town of Cobourg.
Two inactive pits were also noted, having only small to moderate
reserves, but their potential is limited mainly by their situation
within the deposit, and overall resources are fairly large.
The main Iroquois beach in Cramahe houses five active pits.
Locations 49 and 50 are small operations producing pit-run gravel,
and reserves on both properties are limited.
Locations 51 and 52
are owned by Trent Valley Sand and Gravel Ltd., both being large
pits with very large gravel reserves remaining.
They supply a
permanent crushing plant just south of Highway 2.
Location 53
has moderate to large reserves of sand, production being by portable
equipment.
The inactive pits in this portion of the beach deposit
all possess at least moderate reserves, and large areas of the
deposit remain undeveloped.
One active pit is found in the bar deposits of the Trent
embayment in the northern half of Cramahe Township.
This is at
location 48, and is nearly depleted on the property presently
being worked, although reserves are present on neighbouring
properties.
reserves.
Inactive pits at locations 54 and 55 have moderate
Economically workable reserves probably occupy a large
- 9 -
percentage of the area of the bodies indicated on the .'•.-.•:- ,js
be.'ich and bar deposits.
This observation should generally hold true as well LO r the
extension of the Trent embayment beach deposits into southeastern
Percy Township.
There are no active pits in this area, but two
inactive pits occupy a well developed stretch of beach ridge at
locations 22 and 23, southwest of Warkworth.
Both pits contain
considerable reserves of good quality crushable. gravel., and reserves
in the remainder of the beach deposits in the township are probably
fairly large.
A small beach remnant east of Hastings contains
one abandoned pit, and one inactive one, the latter having limited
gravel reserves remaining.
It is evident that the Central Northumberland Planning Area
has, in general, more than adequate reserves to supply local needs
for granular material.
Cramahe is the only one of the four
townships presently supporting a permanent commercial operation,
this being the Trent Valley Sand and Gravel operation previously
mentioned.
Cramahe should have high potential for further
commercial developments.
In terms of Cramahe 1 s limestone resources, the St. Lawrence
Cement Co. has room to expand within a limited high-potential area .
- 10 -
The company holds the rights to most: of this desirable area, and
no known, limestone potential exists elsewhere in Cramahe Township.
Haldimand Township's beach deposits probably have less
potential than those in Cramahe, partially due to the fact that
significant areas of the deposit are broken up by the presence of
Highway 401, resulting in difficulty in obtaining a large workable
tract.
However, it is conceivable that commercial potential is
fairly high in the deposits east of Shelter Valley.
Further,
large reserves likely occupy wide areas of the interlobate morainic
complex to the north.
For instance, it is expected that the Harnden
and King property at location 30 could support a permanent
operation, subject to product demand.
Overall, the potential in
Haldimand is high.
As indicated previously, there is an unverified possibility
of the existence of exploitable limestone resources in Haldimand
Township, in the vicinity of Chub Point.
Percy Township possesses moderate granular potential, with
reserves adequate to support portable operations of considerable
capacity, although volume is probably inadequate for permanent
installations.
Alnwick Township also is likely limited to portable operations,
but reserves are adequate for local requirements in the foreseeable
future.
- 11 LFST OF PITS AND QUARRIES
CENTRAL NORTHUMBERLAND PLANNING ARKA
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY, ONTARIO
ALNWICK TOWNSHIP
PITS
Pit No.
Name
Location
Material
0. George
H. George
L. Kelly
Lot 13 N/III
Lot 14/111
Lot 21 S/IV
gravel
gravel
gravel
Lot 16 N/V
Lot 12/111
Lot 10 S/I
gravelly san
gravel
gravel
a) Active:
1
2
3
b) Inactive, but with workable faces:
4
5
6
Gregg
Sandercock
Royan Developments
c) Abandoned :
7
8
9
10
C . Robins
Lot 14/IV
Alderville Indian Reserve Lot 11 /I
Crowe
Lot 16/1
Grieve
Lot 20 S J III
sandy gravel
gravelly san
sand
- 12 -
PERCY TO W'SHIP
Pit Ko.
Name
Location
Material
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
16 6c 17/XII
24 S/XIII
20 6c 21 S/XI
20 N/IX
14 Se 15 S/VIII
3 N/V
8 N/V
10 S /VI
12/IV
13 N/IV
14/V
11 N/I
12 N/I
gravel
gravel
gravel
sandy gravel
gravel
sandy gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
11 N/ XI
17 N/XII
19/IX
12 N/III
fill
gravel
gravel
gravel
b) Inactive, but with workable faces:
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Oliver 6c English
Brown
McGee
Archer
J . Herr
C. Broadsworth
Atkinson
E. Hardy
B. Smith
Whiterock
Lockhart
Weatherson
Carr
gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
c) Abandoned,24
25
26
27
R. McGuire
McGrayne
Unknown
Unknown
- 13 -
HALDIMAND TOWNSHIP
PITS
Pit No.
Name
Location
Material
Town of Cobourg
Rutherford
Lot 32 N/I
Lot 5 N/I
sand, gravel
gravel
Lot 33/VIII
Lot 30 S/II
Lot 11 S/II
gravel
gravel
gravel
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
gravel
gravel
sandy gravel
sand
sandy gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
sand
a) Active:
28.
29.
b) Inactive, but with workable faces:
30.
31.
32.
Harnden 6c King
DuBerges
Smith
c) Abandoned:
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
Do kin
Harnden 6e King
Cox
D.T.C.
Unknown
D. McCowan
DuBerges
Hare
Haldimand Township
Lawless
O'Grady
A. Smith
D.T.C.
Haldimand Township
Unknown
22 N/X
31 N/VIII
30 Se 31 S/IX
l S/V
5/IV
34/11
32 S/II
30 N/I
24/1
21/1
18/1
13 N/I
3 6e 4/ A
11/B
7/C
gravelly sand
gravel
gravel
gravelly sand
gravel
- 14 -
CRAMAHE TOWNSHIP
PITS
Pit. No.
Name
Location
Material
a) Active:
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
R. Hobbs
Lot 11 S/X
Day
Lot 20/111
Cummings
Lot 17 N/II
Trent Valley Sand 6c Gravel Lot 15 6c 16 S/ II
Trent Valley Sand 6c Gravel Lot 15 6c 16 N/I
Bellamy
Lot 14 N/I
gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
sand
b) Inactive, but with workable faces
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
D. Knight
J. Muller
Barrett
Dunk
Theobald
Iroquois Beach Gravel
D.T.C.
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
23
18
28
20
19
18
14
S/X
S/VII
S/III
N/III
S/III
6c 19 S/III
S/II
gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
gravel
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
Lot
23
33
33
26
20
19
N/VII
S/III
N/II
S/III
S/III
S/III
fill
gravel
gravel
sandy gravel
gravel
sandy gravel
c) Abandoned:
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
F. Gooderich
Unknown
White
H. Samis
Barrett
Theobald
QUARRIES
Active:
67.
St. Lawrence Cement
Lots 31 6c 32/B.F.
limestone
- 15 -
REFERENCES
Gravenor, C.P.
1957:
Surficial Geology of the Lindsay - Peterborough Area,
Ontario, Victoria, Peterborough, Durham and Northumberland
Counties, Ontario;
Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 288
Liberty, B.A.
1960:
Rice Lake - Port Hope and Trenton Map - Areas, Ontario;
Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 60-14
Mirynech, E.
Pleistocene Geology of the Trenton - Campbellford Map-Area,
Ontario;
Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Toronto,
November 1962
Winder, C.G.
1954:
Burleigh Falls and Peterborough Map-Areas, Ontario;
Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 53-27
1955:
Campbellford Map-Area, Ontario;
Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 54-17