Competence Center Energiepolitik und

Transcription

Compressed Air Systems
in the European Union
119
Bibliography
Bibliography
ADEME; Prospective de la consommation d'électricité dans l'industrie à l'horizon 2010, Rapport d'enquête sur les moteurs; March 1994; CEREN
Afisac; 1998
BCAS, Installation Guide: Guide to the Selection & Installatino of Compressed
Air Services, CompAir-Broomwade-Reavell, 1992
Bertholdi P.; Energy efficient equipment within SAVE: Activities, strategies, success and barriers; in: E.V.A. – the Austrian Energy Agency; Proceedings of the
SAVE Conference For An Energy Efficient Millennium, 8-10 Nov. 1999, Graz
Bertholdi P., de Almeida A., Falkner H. (ed.); Energy Efficiency Improvements in
Electric Motors and Drives; Springer; 2000
Centre Français de l'Electricité, La Variation Electronique de Vitesse: Guide
d'utilisation, Paris, 1997 – co-edited by ADEME, EDF and GIMELEC
Direction Générale des Technologies, de la Recherche et de l'Energie (Wallonie, Belgium), Le Réactif, N° 21, September 1999
DoE (Department of Energy, US); Energy Star Award Rules and Instructions:
Year 2000
DoE (Department of Energy, US); Improving Compressed Air System Performance: A Sourcebook for Industry; DoE; 1998
DoE (Department of Energy, US); United States Industrial Motor Systems Market Opportunities Assessment: Executive Summary; DoE; 1998
ETSU; Best practices Series;
Compressing Air Costs: Generation;
Compressing Air Costs: Leakage;
Compressing Air Costs: Treatment;
Compressed Air and Energy Use;
Cost & Energy Savings Achieved by Improvements to a Compressed Air
System;
Compressed Air Costs Reduced Automatic Control;
Energy and Cost Savings from Air Compressor Replacement;
Refurbishment of a Compressed Air System;
Compressed Air Savings through Leakage Reduction and the Use of High
Efficiency Air Nozzles;
Compressed Air Leakage Reduction Through the use of Electronic Condensate Drain Traps;
Compressing Air Costs;
Energy Saving in the Filtration and Drying of Compressed Air;
Heat Recovery from Air Compressors.
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
120
Bibliography
IEA, ENEL "Dati statistici sull'energia elettrica in Italia";1997
Grant, A.; Changing attitudes in compressed air usage through developments in
variable speed drives; in Compressors and their Systems, IMechE Conference
Transactions; Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd; London; 1999.
McKane, A.T., Ghislain, J.P., Meadows, K.; Compressed Air Challenge: Market
Change from the Inside Out; in: ACEEE; Proceedings of the 1999 ACEEE
Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry, Washington 1999
McKane, A.T.; Using Collaboration to Achieve Industrial Market Change; Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory; Washington DC, US; 2000
OIT (Office of Industrial Technologies) United States; Industrial Electric Motor
Systems Market Opportunities Assessment; Appendix B, December 1998
Pneurop; Air Treatment: Contaminations Purity Classes and Measurement
Methods; Pneurop/CAGI; 1997
Statistisches Bundesamt: Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe, Fachserie 4,
Reihe 3.1, different years
Statistisches Bundesamt: "Außenhandel nach Waren und Ländern", Fachserie 7 Reihe 2, different years
Talbot, E.M.; Compressed Air Systems: A guidebook on Energy and Cost Savings; Fairmont Press; 1993
http://www.caddet-ee.org
http://www.epa.gov/energystar
http://www.eu-greenlight.org
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
121
APPENDIX 1:
Market Characterisation: Qualitative Data
APPENDIX 1:
Enterprises
Number of enterprises:
16 users
3 service providers
Countries:
France, Germany, Italy
Sectors of activity:
Metal products, textile, glass, cement, paper, beverages, brewery, food processing, packaging, wood
products, rubber products
Certification:
ISO 9000 (6 enterprises), ISO 14000 (4), EMAS (1)
Uses of compressed air:
Materials handling or transport
Pistons, presses, other mech. movement
Blowing, cleaning
Drying
Hand tools
Process
Other
Air quality:
Drying (dew point not specified)
Sterilisation
7
16
15
4
7
7
1
9
1
Relative importance of energy vectors
Relative importance
Compressed air
Hydraulics
Mechanical systems
Electric systems
1
2
3
1
5
9
3
6
2
3
3
4
2
6
2
0
2
2
0
0
Legend: each cell indicates the number of enterprises
reporting the energy vector at the given level of importance.
Conclusion: vectors in order of importance =
Electricity,
Mechanical systems,
Compressed air,
Hydraulics
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
APPENDIX 1:
122
Relative importance of operating criteria
Relative importance
Cost
Quality
Reliability
1
4
3
10
2
3
3
5
3
6
5
Legend: each cell indicates the number of enterprises reporting the given importance to the corresponding criterion.
Conclusion: Reliability is clearly the first criterion,
followed by Quality and Cost
Compressors
Number of compressors: 81
Avg. number of
compressors per system: 4+
Types of compressors:
Screw, centrifugal, piston, rotary vane
Air pressure levels (bar): 3
6, 6.2, 7, 7.5, 8
10, 12, 15
30
Manufacturers:
Atlas-Copco, Boge, CompAir, Crepelle, Demag,
Ingersoll Rand, Kaeser, Mahle, Mattei, Nea, Nehrer,
Neumann, Thomè C.
Range of age:
1 to 55 years, with 5 piston compressors over 25
years old
Power range:
11 kW to 3600 kW
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
123
APPENDIX 1:
Certification
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
Nb of machines
Sector,
activities
CA consumption
Country
Detailed information for enterprises
620
Air quality Invest- Operating
requirement ment
cost
Energy
cost
110 000 000 93 000 000
It
Metal
products
Drying
It
Textile
It
Metal
products
ISO 9000
8000
It
Glass
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
2400
It
Cement production
6500
It
Paper
production
1800
Dessication, 100 000 Euros
dehydration
It
Beverage production
2000
Dessication
It
Beverage production
Fr
Food ind.
Fr
Rubber
4
Fr
Metals works
2
Fr
Metals works
9
Lires
Lires
540
ISO 9001
ISO 14001
Dessication
10
50 000
Euros
Dessication
ISO 9000
Ger Brewery
Drying, filtering,
sterilisation
Ger Packaging
ISO 9000
300
Oil tap, refrigeration,
drying
Ger Printing
in process
Refrigeration,
drying
Ger Wood
EMAS
Drying
It = Italy, Fr = France, Ger = Germany
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
APPENDIX 1:
124
Relative
importance of Relative importance
energy
of operating criteria
vectors
Metal
products
X
X
X
X
It
Glass
X
X
X
X
It
Cement
production
X
X
X
It
Paper
production
X
X
X
It
Beverage
production
X
X
X
It
Beverage
production
X
X
Fr
Food ind.
X
X
Fr
Rubber
X
Fr
Metals
works
X
X
Fr
Metals
works
X
X
Ger Brewery
X
X
Ger Packaging
X
Ger Printing
X
Ger Wood
X
X
X
X
X
Relability
It
Quality
X
Cost
X
Electric systems
Textile
Mechanical
systems
It
Hydraulics
X
Compressed air
X
2
3
1
1
3
1
2
2
4
3
1
1
3
2
X
1
2
3
2
2
3
1
X
3
4
2
1
3
2
1
X
4
3
1
2
3
2
1
X
4
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
2
1
Other
X
Process
Drying
Metal
products
Sector,
activities
Hand tools
Blowing, cleaning
It
Country
Pistons, presses,
other mech. movement
Materials handling
or transport
Uses for compressed air
3
X
2
X
3
2
X
X
X
X
X
X
2
3
2
1
2
1
X
2
3
X
1
1
X
X
1
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
APPENDIX 1:
125
Country
Detailed information for compressors
Sector,
activities
Compressor
manufacturer
Power
Flowrate
Pressure
[kW]
[m /h]
3
[bar]
Type
Age
Control
It
Metal
products
Atlas-Copco
Screw
34
290
7
It
Textile
Atlas Copco
Vite
30
204
10
25
Atlas Copco
Vite
30
204
10
25
Kaeser
Vite
55
498
10
1
Metal
Atlas
centrifugal
6000
7
25
Construction
Ingersoll
centrifugal
2x5000
7
5
Glasses
Ingersoll
Screw
24000
7
10 VSD
Atlas Copco
piston
9
10
17
It
It
It
Cement
production
It
Paper production
It
Beverage
production
It
Beverage
production
ADEME
Atlas Copco,
Mattei
3595
20 VSD
centrifugal
760
3400
30
Screw,
piston …
700
8000
7.5
6 VSD, ...
Screw,
piston, ...
177
1800
7.5
9 VSD, ...
Atlas
screw
90
817.2
8
9 Electronic
control
Mattei
Rotating
44
420
7
12 Electronic
control
Mattei
Rotating
44
420
7
12 Electronic
control
Mattei
Rotating
44
420
7
12 Electronic
control
Mattei
Rotating
44
420
7
12 Electronic
control
Atlas Copco
screw
250
2.100
10
15
Atlas Copco
screw
250
2.100
10
12
Atlas Copco
screw
250
2.100
10
10
Atlas Copco
screw
600
4.800
10
8
Atlas Copco
screw
600
4.800
10
7
Ingersoll R.
centrifugal
600
4.800
10
5
Ingersoll R.
centrifugal
700
6.000
10
4
Ingersoll R.
centrifugal
700
6.000
10
3
Atlas Copco
Piston
75
960
30
16
Atlas Copco
piston
75
960
30
15
Neumann
piston
200
1.550
30
10
Neumann
piston
200
1.550
30
8
Thomè C.
piston
450
5.600
30
5
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
Country
APPENDIX 1:
Sector,
activities
It
Beverage
production
Fr
Food ind.
Fr
Rubber
Fr
Metals
works
Fr
Ger Brewery
Ger Packaging
Ger Wood
Thomè C.
Power
Flowrate
Pressure
[kW]
3
[bar]
Type
piston
450
[m /h]
5.600
Screw
Metals
works
Ger Printing
Compressor
manufacturer
126
Age
30
Control
4
7
700?
6 + 13
5?
AtlasCopco
250
6.2
pressure
Crepelle
550
6.2
and flow rate
Demag
screw
6.2
Nea
piston
40
416
3
44 Manual oil free
Nea
piston
40
416
3
43 Manual oil free
Nea
piston
40
416
3
36 Manual oil free
Nea
piston
23
240
3
47 Manual oil free
Nehrer
piston
45
361
6
12 Manual oil free
Nehrer
piston
22
181
6
27 Manual oil free
Nehrer
piston
15
125
6
21 Manual oil free
Nehrer
piston
7.5
71
10
19 Manual oil free
Nehrer
piston
7.5
71
10
19 Manual oil free
Nehrer
piston
7.5
71
10
19 Manual oil free
Kaeser
screw
37.5
360
7
2
Kaeser
screw
37.5
360
7
2
Demag
screw
22
180
7
9
Demag
screw
75
720
7
12
Boge
screw
45
397
8
18
Boge
screw
45
397
8
18
Boge
screw
55
416
8
18
Boge
piston
15
102
15
17
Boge
piston
11
70
15
21
Mahle
piston
15
12
7
Mahle
piston
1.5
18
10
12
CompAir
Rotary
vane
7.5
72
7
12
CompAir
Rotary
vane
7.5
72
7
12
CompAir
Rotary
vane
7.5
72
7
12
CompAir
Rotary
vane
18.5
185
7
12
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
APPENDIX 2:
Market Characterisation: Numeric Data
127
APPENDIX 2:
10- 11010110- Total
110 300
110 kW 300 kW TWh
kW kW
Growth rate
%
year year > 10
1-5 5-10 years
France
43765 28885 14880
12
9
3
78
0
0
Germany
62000 43400 18600
14 10.5
3.5
65
0
0
Greece + Spain +
Portugal
35660 25685
9976
9
6.6
2.2
71
2
1
Italy
43800 30660 13140
12
9
3
78
2
1
United
Kingdom
55000 46750
8250
10
7.5
2.5
52
0
0
Rest of the EU
81040 56015 25024
23
17
6
82
0
0
321265 231395 89870
80
60
20
71 42 kW 132 kW
80
Total
Average value
In Greece
In Spain
In Portugal
3500
71
15
Stock renewal
per year (%)
Total
Lifetime years
Country
Consumption
Operating
hours
Number of
air compressors
For 1999
Average
power [kW]
Data and hypothesis from Task 1
0 6.70
= 1.5 % of the electricity European consumption, so the same ratio for consumption and
numbers of machines
= 8%
= 1.6 %
Change in stock of compressors
Growth rate as indicated.
Lifetime of 15 years, so 6.7 % of new machines in the stock.
Old systems
= the machines in the stock since 1999, with no improvement of energy
consumption
New systems
= the machines entering the stock, due to the growth rate, with 5 %
consumption less
Replaced systems = the machines replacing the old machines leaving the stock, with 5 %
consumption less
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
STOCK
APPENDIX 2:
Types of
machines
Growth y 1-5
rate
y 5-10
y 10-15
Replacement rate
128
United
Greece,
Kingdom Portugal,
Spain
France
Germany
0
0
0
0.07
0
0
0
0.07
0
0
0
0.07
Italy
Rest of
the EU
0.02
0.01
0
0.07
0.02
0.01
0
0.07
0
0
0
0.07
EU total
Year
1999
Number
All
43765
62000
55000
35660
43800
81040
321265
2000
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
40847
2918
62000
0
57867
4133
55000
0
51333
3667
36374
713
33283
2377
44676
876
40880
2920
81040
0
75637
5403
322854
1589
299847
21418
2001
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
37930
5835
62000
0
53733
8267
55000
0
47667
7333
37101
727
32250
4851
45570
894
39612
5958
81040
0
70234
10805
324475
1621
281426
43049
2002
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
35012
8753
62000
0
49600
12400
55000
0
44000
11000
37843
742
30469
7374
46481
911
37424
9057
81040
0
64832
16208
326129
1653
261337
64791
2003
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
32094
11671
62000
0
45467
16533
55000
0
40333
14667
38600
757
28653
9947
47411
930
35193
12217
81040
0
59429
21611
327815
1686
241170
86646
2004
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
29177
14588
62000
0
41333
20667
55000
0
36667
18333
39372
772
26800
12572
48359
948
32917
15441
81040
0
54026
27013
329535
1720
220921
108615
2005
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
26259
17506
62000
0
37200
24800
55000
0
33000
22000
39766
394
24543
15223
48842
484
30145
18697
81040
0
48624
32416
330413
877
199771
130642
2006
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
23341
20424
62000
0
33067
28933
55000
0
29333
25667
40163
398
22263
17900
49331
488
27345
21986
81040
0
43221
37818
331299
886
178570
152729
2007
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
20424
23341
62000
0
28933
33067
55000
0
25667
29333
40565
402
19960
20605
49824
493
24516
25308
81040
0
37818
43221
332194
895
157319
174875
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
STOCK
129
Types of
machines
France
Germany
2008
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
17506
26259
62000
0
24800
37200
55000
0
22000
33000
2009
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
14588
29177
62000
0
20667
41333
2010
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
11671
32094
2011
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
2012
APPENDIX 2:
United
Greece,
Kingdom Portugal,
Spain
Italy
Rest of
the EU
EU total
40971
406
17635
23336
50322
498
21660
28663
81040
0
32416
48624
333098
904
136016
197081
55000
0
18333
36667
41380
410
15286
26095
50826
503
18775
32051
81040
0
27013
54026
334010
913
114662
219349
62000
0
16533
45467
55000
0
14667
40333
41380
0
12527
28853
50826
0
15386
35439
81040
0
21611
59429
334010
0
92394
241616
43765
0
8753
35012
62000
0
12400
49600
55000
0
11000
44000
41380
0
9768
31612
50826
0
11998
38828
81040
0
16208
64832
334010
0
70127
263884
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
5835
37930
62000
0
8267
53733
55000
0
7333
47667
41380
0
7010
34371
50826
0
8609
42216
81040
0
10805
70234
334010
0
47860
286151
2013
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
2918
40847
62000
0
4133
57867
55000
0
3667
51333
41380
0
4251
37130
50826
0
5221
45604
81040
0
5403
75637
334010
0
25592
308418
2014
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
0
43765
62000
0
0
62000
55000
0
0
55000
41380
0
1492
39888
50826
0
1833
48993
81040
0
0
81040
334010
0
3325
330686
2015
All
New systems
Old systems
Upgraded systems
43765
0
0
43765
62000
0
0
62000
55000
0
0
55000
41380
0
1393
39988
50826
0
1711
49115
81040
0
0
81040
334010
0
3103
330907
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
131
APPENDIX 3: ADEME Data Collection
Guide for Compressed Air Outsourcing
APPENDIX 3:
ADEME Data Collection Guide for Compressed Air
Outsourcing
GESTION de l’AIR COMPRIME DANS L’INDUSTRIE
Questionnaire ENTREPRISES
sous la direction de Bruno CHRETIEN
avril 1999
VOS COORDONNEES
nom société:
adresse:
groupe:
tel / fax / e-mail:
contact(s):
filiale:
fonction(s):
effectif:
activité principale:
volume de production:
clients:
centre technique d’affiliation:
certification:
ISO 9000
ISO 14 000
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
EMAS
DoE
ECE
132
L’AIR COMPRIME DANS VOTRE ENTREPRISE
Q I-1 Place de l’air comprimé dans votre entreprise
- quelle utilisation faites-vous de
l’air comprimé ?
mouvement, transport
actionnement de machines, vérins,
presses
soufflage, dépoussiérage
séchage (précisez)
petite utilités (visseuses, soufflettes…)
process ou autre (précisez)
- donnez la place relative de l’air
comprimé par rapport aux autres
énergies utilisées
hydraulique
[…......] %
mécanique
[…......] %
électricité […......] %
air comprimé […......] %
- quels autres fluides énergétiques
utilisez-vous et pour quelles applications ?
froid
chaleur
vapeur
gaz (azote, oxygène…)
autre (précisez)
- si votre entreprise est certifiée, la
procédure de certification a-t-elle
pointé la nécessité / possibilité
d’améliorer votre poste air comprimé ?
oui
non
- si oui, quelles suites avez-vous alors donné ?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
133
Q I-2 Votre installation matérielle
Description sommaire de l’installation de production d'air comprimé
marque des
compresseurs
type de compresseur
puissance et
débits spécifiques
pression
âge
état de marche
vitesse électronique
variable
Description sommaire du réseau de distribution
longueur
diamètre
moyen
taux de fuites
âge
…
…
Description sommaire des conditions de gestion technique / suivi /
contrôle
gestion technique centralisée
appareils de mesurage (ex: BAREXPERT)
télésurveillance
autre .........................................................................................................................
Quelle appréciation portez- vous sur le fonctionnement actuel de votre
matériel (rendement, fuites, pannes, nécessité de remplacement....) ?
Avez-vous observé ou observez-vous actuellement des pertes de productivité liées à une qualité non optimale de l’air comprimé ? Si oui, précisezen la cause ?
microchute de pression
humidité dans les circuits
huile dans les circuits
particules
et les conséquences ?
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
134
Q I-3 Vos exigences en matière d'air comprimé / vos besoins
Vous utilisez de l’air comprimé
de façon régulière tout au long de l'année
- combien d'heures / jour ? ..........................................................................
- combien de jours / an ? .............................................................................
- combien de semaines / an ? .....................................................................
de façon saisonnière
Qu’attendez-vous de votre centrale d’air comprimé ?
Avez-vous des exigences particulières de qualité ? Si oui veuillez les préciser.
teneur en huile:
humidité:
point de rosée:
particules:
niveau sonore:
autre(s):
Quel est pour vous le prix d'un incident interrompant la fourniture d'air
comprimé (à exprimer en perte nette de production, perte éventuelle de
clientèle, prix éventuel de réparation des dommages ...) ?
- une micro-coupure:
- une coupure d'une heure:
- une coupure d'une journée:
- une coupure de quelques jours:
Comment appréciez-vous le besoin en air comprimé de votre entreprise
dans les années à venir ?
(cochez la case correspondante et précisez ordre de grandeur)
augmentation ...................................................................................................
stagnation ........................................................................................................
diminution ........................................................................................................
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
135
Précisez en quoi ces variations sont liées à l'activité de votre entreprise.
Comment comptez-vous y faire face ?
Q I-4 Le coût de la production d'air comprimé
Dans la production d’air comprimé, diriez-vous que le coût de l’énergie
est un critère
majeur
moyen
mineur
pour quelles raisons ?
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................................................
Plus précisément, pouvez-vous donner un ordre de grandeur des coûts de
production de l’air comprimé dans votre entreprise ?
coût en investissement matériel initial: ...........................................................
coût en F de l'électricité air comprimé: ...........................................................
part électricité air comprimé / électricité totale: ..............................................
coût de maintenance et d'entretien: ...............................................................
coût moyen d'achat d'électricité au kWh: .......................................................
coût global au m3 produit: ...............................................................................
consommation moyenne en kWh/m3: .............................................................
coût global / produit fini (exemple: XXX kWh/tonne de verre): .......................
aucune idée du coût
Avez vous une idée de l’ampleur des économies possibles sur cette fonction ?
oui
non
Si oui, de quel ordre de grandeur ? .....................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
136
Si oui, comment en avez-vous eu connaissance ?
diagnostic énergie ADEME / autre bureau d'études
le personnel de maintenance peut fournir une appréciation globale
la fonction air comprimé est suivie précisément par un système de mesures
interne
autre (précisez) ...............................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
LES CONDITIONS DE LA GESTION DE L'AIR COMPRIME DANS VOTRE
ENTREPRISE
Q I-4 Votre gestion de la fonction air comprimé
Q 2-1 Qui gère la fonction air comprimé dans votre entreprise ?
(Cochez les cases correspondantes et, au besoin, indiquez le nombre de personnes)
personnel interne
spécifiquement affecté à l'air compripolyvalent
mé
personnel
externe
conduite
maintenance
détection fuites /
pannes
réparation pannes
Autres (précisez)
Qui exprime le besoin d’acheter ou de modifier votre centrale de production d’air comprimé ? qui est impliqué dans l’achat de nouveau matériel ?
le responsable financier
le responsable maintenance
le responsable production
Q 2-2 Avez-vous réalisé un audit / diagnostic énergie de votre installation?
non
oui (si oui, répondez à Q. 2. 2)
Avez-vous connaissance d’études particulières menées sur ce thème par votre
centre technique ? Si oui, veuillez en préciser les principales conclusions et références ?
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
137
Q 2-2-a Qui a réalisé l’audit de votre installation ?
BARRAULT
AMTECH
AIR LIQUIDE
RECHERCHE
AIR COMPRIME
SOTRATECH
EDF
ENERGIE
P. DUMOULIN
DALKIA
INDUSTELEC
GDF
TRACTEBEL
ELECTRABEL
SOCHAN
CARBOXYQUE
SFEE
Autre (précisez) ...................................................................................
...................................................................................................................
Q 2-2-b Coût et financement
Coût de l’audit en F ? ................................................................................
Financement ?
ADEME [
]%
VOUS [
]%
AUTRE [
]%
Q 2-2-c Quelles ont été les conclusions de l’audit et des actions ontelles été réalisées ?
réalisé
non réalisé
rénovation du matériel existant
installation d’appareils de mesure
remplacement de compresseurs
abandon de l’AC pour certaines fonctions
mise en place de VEV
modification de l’architecture du réseau
mise en place ou amélioration du système de gestion centralisée
mise en place d’un système de récupération de
chaleur
dédoublement du réseau (basse pression / haute
pression)
optimisation du parc machines par modification
des séquences de fonctionnement
amélioration du taux de fuite en réseau
nécessité d'externaliser
autre
Q 2-3 Quelle est votre position vis à vis de l'externalisation de la fonction
Air Comprimé ?
vous ne connaissez pas cette pratique
vous n’avez pas d’avis sur cette pratique
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
138
vous y réfléchissez et:
vous avez des attentes particulières (passez à Q 2-3-a)
vous avez des craintes particulières (passez à Q 2-3-b)
vous avez déjà externalisé
suite à une réflexion interne (passez à Q 2-3-a)
suite à une décision de votre groupe (passez à Q 2-3-b)
en parallèle à l’externalisation d’une autre fonction
Ä précisez alors la date de l’externalisation: 199…
vous avez voulu externaliser, mais aucun prestataire n'était intéressé
(répondez aux questions suivantes de Q 2-3)
Q 2-3-a Quelles sont vos attentes et / ou les avantages liés à l'externalisation ?
recentrage sur votre métier de base
capacité d'investissement préservée pour le process
transfert des risques financiers liés aux investissements matériels sur
le prestataire
maîtrise technique de la qualité
diminution des pertes de production liées à la bonne qualité de l’air
comprimé
homogénéité de l'offre au niveau national pour vos différentes implantations
bénéfice d'un service de Recherche & Développement national / international
maîtrise des dépenses
récupération de main d'œuvre pour la production
occasion de ne pas renouveler un personnel de maintenance sur le
départ (ex: retraite)
meilleure efficacité de la maintenance
meilleures performances du réseau de distribution
bénéfice d'une offre globale (avec l'externalisation d'autres fonctions)
autre .....................................................................................................
Q 2-3-b Quelles sont les craintes qu’évoque chez vous l'idée d'externaliser?
coût élevé de la prestation
perte de savoir-faire en interne
délais d'intervention longs
perte de motivation de votre personnel de maintenance
conflits sociaux internes liés à une éventuelle nécessité de licenciement, reclassement…
manque de souplesse / adaptation difficile aux besoins de production
perte de contrôle permanent
laisser-aller des performances sur le réseau de distribution
diminution de la maintenance préventive
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
139
espionnage industriel
autre ....................................................................................................
Q 2-3-c Quels ont été les principaux facteurs déclenchants de cette
décision ?
audit-diagnostic
dysfonctionnements / pannes
de lourds investissements à réaliser
augmentation d’activité
exigences particulières de qualité d’air
réduction des dépenses d’exploitation
coûts de maintenance
coûts d’électricité
prise de connaissance d'offres commerciales intéressantes
autre (précisez) ...................................................................................
............................................................................................................
Q 2-3-d L'externalisation, une décision de votre groupe
Les autres filiales du groupe ont-elles également externalisé ? Si
oui, lesquelles et quand ?
Quelles étaient les raisons de cette décision ? (reportez-vous, par
exemple à Q 2-3-a ?
Q 2-4 Précisez le niveau d'externalisation
maintenance garantie totale sous-traitée (norme NF x 60-010 niveau 5)
contrat d’entretien et de maintenance (norme NF x 60-010 niveau 3 à 5)
achat d’air comprimé au m3 + prestations de conduite et maintenance
(norme NF x 60-010 niveau 1 à 5)
achat d’air comprimé au m3 au sein d’une solution "globale" (fourniture de
vapeur ou de d’azote par exemple)
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
140
Q 2-5 Votre prestataire et vous
Q 2-5-a Lors de votre décision d'externaliser, quelles sociétés de
prestataires connaissiez-vous ?
DALKIA
ELYO
SOCHAN
ELECTRABEL
AIR LIQUIDE
INDUSTELEC
CARBOXIQUE
autre
EDF
GDF
TRACTEBEL
Q 2-5-b Comment les avez-vous connues ?
elles ont réalisé votre diagnostic énergie
elles vous ont été signalées par le bureau d'études/l'expert qui a réalisé votre diagnostic
elles vous ont été signalées par la direction régionale de l'ADEME
elles vous ont fait une offre spontanée
elles produisent l'air comprimé d'un industriel de votre connaissance
elles vous ont été signalées par la direction de votre groupe
elles ont fait la publicité de leurs services dans une presse industrielle spécialisée
autre (précisez)
……………………………………………………………………………
Q 2-5-c Pour le choix du prestataire, comment vous-êtes vous mis /
avez-vous été mis en relation?
vous avez été démarché
vous avez réalisé une consultation restreinte au sein des prestataires
que vous connaissiez
vous avez fait un appel d'offre ouvert
autre .....................................................................................................
Q 2-5-d Dans le cas d'un appel d'offre, quelles sont les sociétés qui
ont répondu
DALKIA
ELYO
SOCHAN
ELECTRABEL
AIR LIQUIDE
INDUSTELEC
CARBOXIQUE
autre
EDF
GDF
TRACTEBEL
Q 2-5-e Avec qui avez-vous finalement conclu votre contrat d'externalisation ?
DALKIA
ELYO
SOCHAN
ELECTRABEL
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
AIR LIQUIDE
INDUSTELEC
CARBOXIQUE
autre
SAVE
EDF
GDF
TRACTEBEL
DoE
ECE
141
Q 2-5-f Pour quelles raisons avez-vous choisi ce prestataire ?
son offre compétitive financièrement
sa réputation
ses garanties
sur la fourniture
sur la maintenance
sur le dépannage
sur les économies
son offre clé en main complète et adéquate aux besoins
sa capacité d’évolution
sa compréhension de vos besoins
sa culture industrielle
son implantation nationale
son offre de solution globale
sa rapidité d’intervention
sa fiabilité
sa prise en charge de l'achat de nouveaux investissements
compresseurs
génie civil
autre
sa transparence
La qualité des interlocuteurs de terrain et la confiancet qu'ils
inspirent
Q 2-6 Les clauses de votre contrat
date de signature ................................................................................................
durée....................................................................................................................
clauses de renégociation ..................................................................................
conditions de renouvellement ..........................................................................
Y a-t-il eu des besoins d'investissement (matériel ou génie civil …) lors de
l'externalisation ? Si oui, leur prise en charge a-t-elle été totale de la part
du prestataire / partagée ?
Quelles sont les charges d'exploitation (facture d'électricité, maintenance,
…) qui restent directement à la charge de votre entreprise ?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
142
Comment réglez-vous votre prestataire ?
mensuellement
annuellement
autre (précisez) ...............................................................................................
Cette rémunération est-elle ?
indépendante de votre consommation d'air comprimé
attachée au volume d'air consommé
Dans ce dernier cas, le tarif est-il ?
binôme (partie fixe + prix au m3 consommé)
monôme (prix au m3)
Le prix au m3 est-il ?
indépendant de la consommation
dégressif
progressif
Avez-vous négocié ces conditions ? ................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
Sur quelles bases (garantie sur: fourniture, objectif de consommation fixé
en kWh/m3, performance des matériels… ) ? ...................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
Avez-vous imposé des clauses de pénalité pour non garantie des résultats ? ....................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
Avez-vous des impératifs particuliers (ex: objectif précis d'efficacité énergétique à la production en kWh/m3, objectifs précis sur le nombre de m3,
sur le taux de fuite en réseau ?)
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
143
Quels sont les autres faits saillants du contrat ?
Q 2-7 A posteriori, quelle appréciation générale portez-vous sur cette
décision ?
très satisfait
satisfait
moyennement satisfait
déçu
Les garanties promises par votre prestataire ont-elles été respectées ?
Cette formule est-elle suffisamment souple ? (évolution du matériel, de la
production …)
Quels sont la nature (investissement, fonctionnement, maintenance …) et
l'ampleur des économies réalisées (kWh, kF, personnel …) ?
Evaluez-vous vos performances "air comprimé" (économique, énergétique) en continu avec votre prestataire ? Si oui, comment ?
Avez-vous rencontré des pannes depuis l’externalisation ? Si oui, quelles
en ont été les conséquences ?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
144
Quelles ont été les conséquences de l'externalisation sur le personnel de
maintenance (effectif, responsabilités, motivation, …)
Cette pratique a-t-elle été l'occasion de vous interroger profondément sur
votre métier, au-delà même d'une réflexion générale sur les pratiques
énergétiques ? Et d'y répondre sereinement et efficacement ?
VOS SOUHAITS ET ATTENTES VIS A VIS DU FUTUR GUIDE ADEME
Trouvez-vous judicieux que l'ADEME réalise un guide spécifique sur de
conseils sur l'externalisation ?
non (justifiez) ..................................................................................................
oui (passez aux questions ci-dessous)
Si oui, qu'attendez-vous en particulier ?
des conseils techniques
aide au choix des matériels
aide au dimensionnement des réseaux
aide aux "bonnes techniques" de conduite et de maintenance
autre
des conseils financiers
relatifs aux différents modes d'emprunt et de crédit
relatifs aux avantages fiscaux
autre
des conseils stratégiques
sur la réflexion à conduire lors d'une externalisation
sur la construction d'un contrat
sur la négociation d'un contrat
sur les acteurs du marché
autre
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
145
APPENDIX 4: Data Collection
Guide for Compressed Air Users
APPENDIX 4:
Data Collection Guide for Compressed Air Users
Guide for data collection for Users of Compressed Air Systems
Prepared by Edgar Blaustein, Energy 21
for
SAVE contract working group
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ADEME
IDENTIFICATION OF CAS USER
ROLE OF COMPRESSED AIR
SYSTEM DESIGN, MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
COMPRESSED AIR COSTS
ENERGY SAVINGS MEASURES
OUTSOURCING
INSTITUTIONAL ACTION
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
146
IDENTIFICATION OF CAS USER
Site visited
Name of enterprise
Installation visited
Address
Particular factory or department
Person contacted
Contact
Name
Function or post
Telephone
Fax
Email
Products
Production
Identification of principal product(s) or service(s)
produced
Approximate indication of quantity or volume produced
Clients
General description of market served
Certification
Is the enterprise or production site certified? ISO 9000,
ISO 14000, EMAS, national certification.
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
147
ROLE OF COMPRESSED AIR
Site visited
Uses of compressed Check uses of compressed air:
Materials handling or transport
air
Pistons, presses, other mechanical movement
Blowing, cleaning
Drying
Hand tools
Process
Other ...
Rank in importance:
Compressed air
Compressed air
compared to other
Hydraulics
forms of energy
Mechanical systems
Electric systems
What other fluid networks do you have?
Fluids
Refrigeration
Steam
Heat
Other gases (nitrogen, oxygen, ...)
Vacuum
Other ...
Overall, is your company satisfied with the compressed
Satisfaction
air system? If not, what are the problems encountered?
Can you summarise your requirements for the comRequirements
pressed air system? Can you prioritise, cost, quality and
reliability?
Compressed air production
kWh
m3/hour
Compressor
Type
bar
Age
Control
manufacturer
Screw,
VSD, ...
piston, ...
Estimated total consumption, in Nm3/hour, cfm, or other
units. Volume for each pressure used.
Do you expect your needs for compressed air to grow or
shrink in the future? For what reasons?
Distribution network Estimated overall length,
Average diameter,
Topology,
Material,
Multiple circuits (pressure or air quality), zones
Type of control system, measuring equipment, telemeControl system
tering, ...
Hours per day or per year
Duty cycle
Volume of compressed air
Growth
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
Drying and filtering
148
Air quality
Type of equipment used
Quality requirements
Requirements for:
Oil
Humidity, dew point
Particles
Other
Air quality standard
Do your requirements for air quality correspond to a standard for air quality?
Certification
If your enterprise is certified, did the certification process
identify problems with the compressed air system? What
actions were taken?
Noise
Is noise level a consideration for you?
Quality and reliability problems
Have you experienced problems with your system
(breakdown, pressure variation, air quality, ...)?
Future needs
Do you expect your compressed air needs to change in
the coming years (quantity, quality, ...)?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
149
SYSTEM DESIGN, MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
Design responsibility
System design
Who was responsible for system design?
Design criteria
Was an outside consultant or engineering firm employed for any phase of the design process?
What were the design criteria applied?
Was specific or overall energy consumption a design
criteria?
Were life cycle costs, or overall operating costs among
the design criteria?
Were specific energy savings measures (advanced
control systems, leak detection, multi-stage compressor, multiple pressures, ...) considered?
How were system requirements (quantity, quality, ...)
determined?
Purchase decisions
Who was responsible for purchase decisions? What
was the decision process?
Competitive bidding
Was a competitive bidding process used?
Were operating or energy costs among the choice
criteria?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
Responsibility
150
System operation and management
Who is responsible assigned for the following functions:
operation
routine and preventive maintenance
leak detection and repair
breakdown
major overhaul
Are outside contractors involved in any of these functions?
System replacement
Reporting circuit
If in the future, major components of the system must
be replaced, who will be responsible for deciding on
the replacement? What will be the respective roles of
the Operations, Maintenance, Purchasing and Finance
departments?
What would the decision process be?
Reporting and accounting
Is anyone responsible for reporting on the compressed
air system?
If so, to whom does this person report?
Nature of Reporting
What is the nature of reporting?
What information is reported?
What is the frequency of reporting?
Profit centers
Does your company use profit center accounting
methods?
If so, how are energy costs assigned to profit centers?
Compressed air costs
Do compressed air costs, or energy for compressed
air, constitute a specific item in cost accounting?
Are they broken down by department or profit center?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
151
COMPRESSED AIR COSTS
Note: some of the following cost items may be considered to be confidential.
Make certain that the contact person is comfortable in divulging information. We
do not need precise accounting information, only general cost parameters.
Operating and investment costs
Original investment
cost
Overall compressed air Total system operating costs, perhaps broken down by
major categories (maintenance, ...). (Might be exoperating costs
pressed as Euros/year, as Euros/m3 , as percentage of
production costs or as Euros/unit of production of company's product, ...).
Energy costs
What are your compressed air energy costs.(Might be
expressed as Euros/year, as Euros/m3 or as percentage of operating costs.)
Perception of costs
Does management consider compressed air costs, or
compressed air energy costs to be high, medium or
low?
Are these cost items considered to be a problem?
If so, who is considered to be responsible for solving
the problem?
Breakdowns
Quality
Operations problems
Have CAS breakdowns stopped production? Do you
have any figures for the cost of lost production? Expressed as cost/per hour of breakdown, ...
Have compressed air quality problems caused production problems? Quality of product, reject rate, customer
dissatisfaction?
Has the cost of these problems been evaluated?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
152
Audits
Energy or compressed Has your company done an energy or compressed air
system audit recently?
air audits
If so, who carried out the audit? What was its cost? Did
your company receive any governmental subsidies for
the audit?
To whom was the audit addressed? (Production,
Maintenance, Accounting, ...)
Recommendations
What were the recommendations of the audit?
Results
If audit recommendations were carried out, have you
evaluated the impact (in terms of cost, quality or reliability)?
Leak
Leaks
Do you have an idea of the percentage of air leaks?
Leak detection procedures
Are there any leak detection procedures? (Type, frequency, who carries them out).
Leak correction measures
Are there any regular leak correction measures?
(Regular replacement of flexible hoses, etc.)
Possible savings
Cost reduction
Do you have an estimation of possible savings in the
compressed air function? If so, on what is this estimation based?
Cost reduction measures
Are you considering any measures to reduce the cost
of the compressed air function in your company? If so,
what measures?
Decision process
What would be the decision process for deciding
measures for cost reduction in compressed air? Who is
involved?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
153
Specific measures
What compressed air related energy savings measures has your company considered?
Check if any of the following specific measures have been considered.
Overhaul existing equipment
Replace part of the existing installation
Install additional measuring equipment
Replace compressed air by some other energy source
Install improved control system (perhaps including VSD)
Modify distribution network architecture
Replace piping
Leak detection
Use waste heat
Outsourcing
Other
Specify or comment
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
154
OUTSOURCING
Perception of outsourcing
Has your company considered outsourcing the entire
Outsourcing considcompressed air function? If so, when, and with what
ered?
conclusion.
If you have considered outsourcing, rate the following
Criteria in evaluating
criteria as positive, negative or indifferent in you
outsourcing
evaluation of outsourcing ("+ / – / blank")
Concentrate on core activities
Free investment capacity for other activities
Quality of compressed air
Reliability of the compressed air system
Reduced cost of compressed air
Improved cost control
Availability of a single source for several plants
R&D capacity of service providers
Concentrate skilled personnel on other activities
Reduce personnel
Availability of an overall solution, including several gases
Cost of outsourcing
Loss of in house competence
Delay in case of breakdown
Problems with company maintenance personnel
Preventive maintenance
Leak control
Industrial espionage
Experience with outsourcing
(Only applicable if outsourcing is used in the company)
Are you satisfied with outsourcing of the compressed
Satisfaction
air function? Specify.
Payment
Is billing dependant on the quantity of compressed air
used? If so, how is consumption measured (hours of
operation, or actual measurement of m3)
Energy costs
Who pays for energy costs? (Specify for motors and for
auxiliary functions such as air drying, compressor
house heating-lighting-ventilation)
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
155
INSTITUTIONAL ACTION
Taxation
Are you aware of the fiscal measures in your country to
Knowledge of fiscal
support for energy effi- encourage energy efficiency measures?
ciency
Do you believe these fiscal measures are effective?
Evaluation of fiscal
Has your company taken their impact into account in
measures
decisions on compressed air related decisions?
European or national support measures
Directorate General XVII (Energy) of the European Union is considering various
measures to encourage energy savings in Compressed Air Systems. Could you
indicate what types of institutional action you believe might be useful?
Usefulness of possible Could you give your opinion of the usefulness of the
following measures under consideration.. Rate the folmeasures
lowing measures as useful, useless or indifferent ("+ / –
/ blank")
Labelling. Some kind of product labelling for compressors and air
handling relative to their specific energy consumption.
If you believe that labelling might be useful, what kind of product information would you like to see?
Voluntary agreements by equipment manufacturers to improve the
energy efficiency of compressed air equipment.
Procurement. Organisation of a buyers’ consortium in your industry,
which would initiate a bidding process for the supply of energy efficient compresses air equipment.
If you believe that a procurement program might be useful, what kind of
specifications would you like to see included in the bidding program?
Dissemination of information, training and education focused on
improving compressed air system energy consumption
Demonstration and pilot actions to identify and demonstrate energy
efficient design, equipment and practices for compressed air systems.
Development of accounting and measurement tools. The SAVE
program has supported research on introducing analytical accounting
methods for electricity use. Do you see similar tools for compressed
air as being potentially useful?
Creation of a standard contractual framework for outsourcing of
the compressed air function, to aid companies in including effective
control of energy costs in outsourcing contracts.
Contests and awards to identify the best performing machine corresponding to a given set of specifications.
Comment
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
157
APPENDIX 5: Qualitative Data Collection
Guide for Equipment Manufacturers
APPENDIX 5:
Qualitative Data Collection Guide for Equipment
Manufacturers
Guide for data collection for Manufacturers
of Compressed Air Systems
Draft, v1
Prepared by Edgar Blaustein, Energy 21
for
SAVE contract working group
1.
2.
3.
4.
ADEME
IDENTIFICATION OF MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR
PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED OR SOLD
SYSTEM DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
158
IDENTIFICATION OF MANUFACTURER OR DISTRIBUTOR
Site visited
Name of enterprise
Name of parent company
Address
Contact
Person contacted
Name
Function or post
Telephone
Fax
Email
PRODUCTS MANUFACTURED OR SOLD
Production
Check products lines offered
Drive systems and components
Compressors, compressor packages
Filtering equipment and components
Drying equipment and components
Piping, tubing, etc.
Measuring and leak detection equipment
Control systems and components.
Other ________________________________
Products
Clients
General description of market served, including geographic regions, industrial sectors or other end users,
type of client (captive distribution network, independent
distributors, final users, ...).
Suppliers (for distributors)
Who, in general, are your suppliers? Types of companies (component manufacturers, assemblers, ...). Import or European production.
Certification
Is the enterprise or production site certified? ISO 9000,
ISO 14000, EMAS, national certification.
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
Energy efficiency as a
sales argument
159
Sales strategies
Does your product advertising mention the energy efficiency or specific energy consumption of your products?
How are energy consumption criteria integrated into
your sales activities?
Energy savings
products
Does your company manufacturer products which you
believe are more energy efficient than the average
product sold on the market? If so, which products?
Do these products benefit from particular type of sales
efforts (special brochures, advertising programmes,
...)?
Training
Does your company provide any specific training programmes or materials focused on energy consumption? If so, is this material aimed at the sales force? Is
it available to end users?
Audits
As part of your sales efforts, does your company carry
out audits of user needs, which include aspects of an
energy audit?
If so, how is this done? Can you comment on the results and findings?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
160
SYSTEM DESIGN AND MAINTENANCE
Design responsibility
Energy efficiency related design options
End user system design
In your view, who is generally responsible for designing
the CAS into which your products are integrated? Does
your firm counsel system designers? Are you in direct
or indirect contact with system designers? If so, in what
manner?
To the best of your knowledge, what proportion of CAS
designs took into account the following options (estimate as quartiles, that is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 fourths):
Reduced system pressure
Multiple system pressures
Adequate distribution network design
Optimal control of multi compressor systems
Waste heat recovery
Design criteria
In your view, what are the principal design criteria applied by system designers?
Is specific or overall energy consumption a design criteria?
Are life cycle costs, or overall operating costs among
the design criteria?
How were system requirements (quantity, quality, ...)
determined?
Purchase decisions
In your view, how do your clients make purchase decisions? What is the decision process, and who are the
main actors?
Competitive bidding
Does your firm often respond to competitive bidding
tenders?
If so, are operating or energy costs among the choice
criteria?
After sales service
Maintenance
Does your firm provide after sales service?
If so, to whom (distributor or final user). What is the
function of the people who contact your firm for service
(distributors after sales service technician, final user
production or maintenance department, specialised
maintenance firms, ...)?
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
161
Quality of maintenance In your view, are your products generally well maintained in the field? If not, what are the major shortcomings of maintenance?
In general, does the equipment you sell benefit from
regularly scheduled preventive maintenance programmes?
Energy efficiency related maintenance
practices
To the best of your knowledge, what proportion of users provide for the following types of maintenance to
their CAS (estimate as quartiles, that is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4
fourths):
Control of leaks
Control of filter pressure drop
Proper operation of condensate traps
Tracking of system performance
Periodic review of system requirements
We would appreciate your evaluation of the technical and economic potential of
various energy savings measures presented in the following table. The table is
divided into two sections.
− The first contains measures applicable at the time of system design, or replacement of major components. These options should be considered in
comparison with the design of average quality existing installations.
− The second section contains measures having to do with system operation
and maintenance. The enumerated measures should be considered in the
light of existing practices in average quality systems.
For both tables, we would like your opinion on:
− the applicability of the measure, measured as the percentage of systems for
which the measure would provide cost effective improvement of the energy
efficiency of the system;
− the percentage gains in energy efficiency which could be expected (in those
systems where the measure is applicable);
− payback time for the measure, in months. Payback time is to be calculated
for the additional cost of the measure, as compared with a standard system.
ADEME
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
ECE
ADEME
Upgrading of compressor (for example, to 2 stage
compressor)
Fraunhofer ISI
SAVE
DoE
Other _______
More frequent filter replacement
%
gains (2)
System operation and maintenance
payback
time (3)
applications (4)
162
Measuring and tracking system performance
Reducing air leaks
Other _______
Optimizing certain end use devices
Reducing frictional pressure losses (for example by
choosing larger pipe diameter)
Overall system design, including multi-pressure systems
Improved cooling, drying and filtering
Recuperating waste heat for use in other functions
Use of sophisticated control systems
%
applicability (1)
System installation or renewal
Improvement of drives: use of high efficiency motors;
integration of VSD´s into compressors
Energy savings measure
ECE

Competence Center Energiepolitik und

Transcription

Documents pareils

Ouverture d`une agence commerciale à Paris

L`approche qualité

Dispositif Automatique d`Alerte pour Travailleur Isolé GSM + GPS + PTI

Présentation du projet LOVE

Documents, Working Papers. Volume IV, Docs. 6460 to 6482

COMPRESSED AIR DRYERS

conditions d`utilisation

CoordiNam

Dance Party