Revue de la littérature et des bonnes pratiques

Transcription

Prévention de la maltraitance envers les personnes
âgées :
Revue de la littérature et des bonnes
pratiques
Par R. Minore avec la collaboration de Dr. M.-C. Hofner et F. Robellaz
Lausanne, le 12.07.2012
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Une recherche de littérature de 2004 à 2012 avec les mots clés : « eldermaltreatment-prevention » sur les bases de données pubmed-medline, psycinfo,
cinahl, web of science-web of knowledge, et les mots titres « préventionmaltraitance » sur les bases de données Serval, Saphir fait ressortir 92 références
sur le thème, ci-dessous les références et leur résumé. Des rapports sont
également disponibles sur le site social info.ch dossier vieillesse.
(2007). "Maltraitance des personnes âgées : aider les aidants : [dossier]." L'Observatoire : revue d'action sociale et
médico-sociale(55): 13-92.
Ce dossier se penche sur la question de la maltraitance des personnes âgées qu'elles vivent au domicile ou
en institution et sur les moyens de prévenir au mieux cette forme de violence qui n'est pas étrangère à la
manière dont notre société se pense et fonctionne. Derrière les actes, les paroles, les regards malveillants
ou absents, il y a des histoires singulières mais aussi des choix collectifs. [Ed.] [Sommaire] : 1. Comprendre
: p. 17-21: L'émergence de la maltraitance, une réalité bienveillante / T. Darnaud ; p. 22-25: Quand la
bienfaisance familiale se fait maltraitance / B. Kennes ; p. 26-30: La bientraitance en maison de repos:
choix ou processus? / M.T. Casman ; p. 31-33: Condition collective de la bientraitance / N.Rigaux. - 2.
Aider les aidants naturels : p. 34-36: Comment aider les familles? / A. Moreau ; p. 37-40: Quels liens (lieux)
pour aider les familles? / I. Neirynck ; p. 41-44: Quelques recherches-actions sur la question de l'aide aux
aidants / B. Mortreu ; p. 45-50: Aider les familles ayant un parent atteint de maladie démentielle:
approche gérontopsychiatrique dans le réseau / P. Guillaumot. - 3. La maltraitance, un concept qui parle
aussi de l'intervention des professionnels: p. 51-55: Qu'on se le dise: la gériatrie est maltraitante ! / J.
Maisondieu ; p. 56-60: Aide & double lien ??? / G. Hardy ; p. 61-64: La bientraitance, un piège possible / T.
Darnaud. - 4. Quelles préventions pour les professionnels? : p. 65-69: A la recherche d'un vaccin contre la
maltraitance / S. Sirvain ; p. 70-76: Des hospices aux milieux de vie, le long et difficile chemin vers la
bientraitance / Y. Gineste-Marescotti ; p. 77-80: Ressentis et besoins des professionnels de soins à
domicile / M. Vanmeerbeek ; p. 81-85: Maltraitance et intervention: une question de limites... / M. Leleu ;
p. 86-88: Les groupes de référence, un apport pluridisciplinaire aux professionnels de terrain / C. von
Gunten ; p. 89-92: Méthodologie développée par le CAPAM / N. Berg
Acierno, R., M. A. Hernandez, et al. (2010). "Prevalence and correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and financial
abuse and potential neglect in the United States: the National Elder Mistreatment Study." Am J Public Health
100(2): 292-297.
OBJECTIVES: We estimated prevalence and assessed correlates of emotional, physical, sexual, and
financial mistreatment and potential neglect (defined as an identified need for assistance that no one was
actively addressing) of adults aged 60 years or older in a randomly selected national sample. METHODS:
We compiled a representative sample by random digit dialing across geographic strata. We used
computer-assisted telephone interviewing to standardize collection of demographic, risk factor, and
mistreatment data. We subjected prevalence estimates and mistreatment correlates to logistic
regression. RESULTS: We analyzed data from 5777 respondents. One-year prevalence was 4.6% for
emotional abuse, 1.6% for physical abuse, 0.6% for sexual abuse, 5.1% for potential neglect, and 5.2% for
current financial abuse by a family member. One in 10 respondents reported emotional, physical, or
sexual mistreatment or potential neglect in the past year. The most consistent correlates of mistreatment
across abuse types were low social support and previous traumatic event exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our
data showed that abuse of the elderly is prevalent. Addressing low social support with preventive
interventions could have significant public health implications.
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Ajdukovic, M., J. Ogresta, et al. (2009). "Family violence and health among elderly in Croatia." Journal of
Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma 18(3): 261-279.
This article presents the research carried out on a sample of 303 elderly men and women. In the last year
they reported experiencing violence in the family as follows: psychological abuse (24.1%), financial
exploitation (6.4%), physical abuse (4.4%), and sexual abuse (2.1%). The abusers were most often
husbands (30.15%), sons (16.64%), daughters (14.01%), and wives (9.21%). In the partner relationship,
44% of the women and 35% of the men had experienced at least some form of violence. The results
showed that elderly men and women who were victims of family abuse had poorer psychological health
than those without such experiences. Elderly who had experienced partner violence consumed alcohol
more often than those who had experienced violence by other household members. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Alt, K. L., A. L. Nguyen, et al. (2011). "The effectiveness of educational programs to improve recognition and
reporting of elder abuse and neglect: A systematic review of the literature." J Elder Abuse Negl 23(3): 213-233.
Health professionals often lack adequate protocols or knowledge to detect, manage, and prevent elder
maltreatment. This systematic review describes and evaluates existing literature on the effectiveness of
educational interventions to improve health professionals' recognition and reporting of elder abuse and
neglect. Fourteen articles described 22 programs ranging from brief didactics to experiential learning and
targeted a variety of health and social service audiences. Most evaluations were limited to satisfaction
measures. These programs may result in increased awareness, collaboration, and improved case finding.
However, using the published literature to guide new program planning is constrained by lack of details
and limited evaluations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Alter Ego, S. V. g. M. i. A. (2004). Prévention et intervention dans le canton de Vaud face à la maltraitance des
personnes âgées : synthèse des contributions et recommandations pour la diffusion et le développement des
moyens daction, donnant suite au mandat du Service de la santé publique. Lausanne, Alter Ego: 22 p.
Le Conseil d.Etat a donné suite à la recommandation de la CEP dans son rapport au Grand Conseil et a
chargé le Service de la santé publique (SSP) de conduire une étude centrée sur la recherche de solutions
pratiques en matière de prévention et d'intervention face aux diverses formes de maltraitance qui
peuvent affecter les personnes âgées. Sans négliger le cadre de vie domiciliaire, l'étude devait mettre un
accent particulier sur la situation des personnes âgées résidant en institution. Le SSP a ainsi décidé de
mettre en oeuvre un programme d'actions prioritaires, susceptible d'être directement opérationnel
auprès des professionnels et des aidants de proximité qui oeuvrent auprès des personnes âgées. [Ed.]
[Table des matières] : Motifs, contexte et buts de l.étude: Une étude sollicitée par la Commission
d'enquête parlementaire (CEP) sur les EMS et le Conseil d'Etat ; Un défi actuel et reconnu de politique
sociale et de santé publique ; La dignité des aidés et des aidants ; Les objectifs de l'étude, centrés sur
l'élaboration de moyens concrets. - L'étude préliminaire de l'IUMSP. - Le partenariat d'Alter Ego Vaud
pour la réalisation de l'étude. - Le Guide pédagogique Prémalpa. - La recherche-action réalisée dans des
EMS vaudois: Souffrances de résidents, souffrances d'équipes dans des lieux d'hébergement et de soins ;
Une démarche brève et constructive, au profit des équipes et des résidents ; Des résultats probants quant
au développement de la bientraitance dans les relations entre les aidants et les aidés. - Recommandations
pour la pérennisation, la valorisation et la diffusion des actions. Annexe 1: Liste des organisations pour
une
diffusion
des résultats
de
l'étude
et
des
moyens d.action
proposés
:
http://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/organisation/dsas/ssp/fichiers_pdf/Dossier_actualite/Rapport_
Annexe_I_maltraitance_pers_agees.pdf Annexe 2: Prestations majeures pour un programme de
prévention et d'intervention face à la maltraitance des personnes âgées dans le canton de Vaud . Tableau
synoptique
des
contributions
de
l'étude
et
des
actions
connexes:
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http://www.vd.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/organisation/dsas/ssp/fichiers_pdf/Dossier_actualite/Rapport_
Annexe_II_maltraitance_pers_agees.pdf
Amstadter, A. B., K. Zajac, et al. (2011). "Prevalence and correlates of elder mistreatment in South Carolina: The
South Carolina Elder Mistreatment Study." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26(15): 2947-2972.
The purposes of this study were to (a) derive prevalence estimates for elder mistreatment (emotional,
physical, sexual, neglectful, and financial mistreatment of older adults [age 60 +]) in a randomly selected
sample of South Carolinians; (b) examine correlates (i.e., potential risk factors) of mistreatment; and (c)
examine incident characteristics of mistreatment events. Random Digit Dialing (RDD) was used to derive a
representative sample in terms of age and gender; computer-assisted telephone interviewing was used to
standardize collection of demographic, correlate, and mistreatment data. Prevalence estimates and
mistreatment correlates were obtained and subjected to logistic regression. A total of 902 participants
provided data. Prevalence for mistreatment types (since age 60) were 12.9% emotional, 2.1% physical,
0.3% sexual, 5.4% potential neglect, and 6.6% financial exploitation by family member. The most
consistent correlates of mistreatment across abuse types were low social support and needing assistance
with daily living activities. One in 10 participants reported either emotional, physical, sexual, or neglectful
mistreatment within the past year, and 2 in 10 reported mistreatment since age 60. Across categories, the
most consistent correlate of mistreatment was low social support, representing an area toward which
preventive intervention may be directed with significant public health implications. (PsycINFO Database
Ancet, P. (2009). Vieillir dans la dignité : un combat pour demain. Bordeaux, Les Etudes Hospitalières.
Cet ouvrage se veut un livre-manifeste, qui réunit les contributions de spécialistes de différents domaines
(médecins, soignants, psychologues, juristes, philosophes, sociologues...), unis par la conscience d'un
nouveau défi de société. Nul ne peut désormais sous-estimer les conséquences du phénomène de
vieillissement au plan social ni négliger le respect quotidien dû aux plus âgés, qui est aussi le respect de
l'avenir de tous. [Ed.] [Sommaire] : Dignité et sens de la vieillesse / Thomas De Koninck ; La dignité,
nouvelle approche de la condition des personnes âgées / Bertrand Mathieu ; Lien social, sens et dignité /
Noël-Jean Mazen ; Vieillir, une modalité du temps traversé ? / Jean-philippe Pierron ; Le temps du
vieillissement et le temps de l'urgence / Pierre Ancet ; Consentement et information de la personne de
grand âge et du dément / Victor Larger ; Ambiguïtés et illusions de la parentalité inversée du grand âge /
Pierre-Marie Charazac ; Responsabilité et acceptation du risque / Isabelle Martin-Pfitzenmeyer ; La dyade
aidant/aidé : un couple vulnérable quand l'âge et le genre font obstacle au pouvoir d'agir / Martyne-Isabel
Forest, Charles-Henry Rapin ; Dignité, personne et patrimoine / Catherine Philippe ; Prévention, les enjeux
éthiques / Joël Ankri ; Le corps en mouvement et les limites de la stimulation / France Mourey ; Ethique,
intimité et sexualité des seniors / Pierre Ancet ; Habitat et Diginité des personnes âgées / Nicolas Capillon
; Institution et maltraitance / J.-Y. Becmeur... ; Ethique et dossier informatisé en Gériatrie / Gérald
Beaumont ; L'échelle de niveaux de soins : un outil de passage des soins curatifs vers des soins adaptés à
la fin de vie / Anne-Marie Bore-Lavigne ; La fin de vie / Renée Sebag-Lanoe ; La fin de vie : échec
programmé ou rite de passage ? / Marie-Yvonne George ; Agisme : de la haine des vieux à la haine de soi /
Jérôme Pellissier ; Le processus de vieillissement d'une population / Michèle Dion.
Bachman, R. and M. L. Meloy (2008). The epidemiology of violence against the elderly: Implications for primary
and secondary prevention. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 24: 186-197.
Although the elderly are generally less likely to become the victims of violent crime compared to younger
cohorts, they have unique and somewhat alarming patterns of victimization. This article examines the
extant literature on elderly victimization and presents homicide data from the Supplementary Homicide
Reports and robbery and assault data from the National Crime Victimization Survey to illuminate the
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idiosyncratic vulnerabilities elderly individuals have to violence compared to their younger counterparts.
In addition, research examining violence that occurs in nursing homes as the result of staff-to-patient
assaults and resident-to-resident assaults is also highlighted. Policies aimed at both primary and
secondary prevention of violence against the elderly are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012
APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Becker, R. and J. Rohr (2011). "Violence against elderly people in nursing environments [German]."
Pflegewissenschaft 13(11): 604-613.
The authors shed light on the hitherto taboo area of violence in form of neglect and maltreatment in
seniors under care. They come to the conclusion that due to demographic developments and an
increasing demand on the already overstretched nurses an increase in this form of offence can be
expected. This is best met with preventative measures. They come to the concrete prevention proposals
directed at the legislative body, based in part on measures to protect children, such as the advanced
police certificate of conduct for nurses and carers. Furthermore mandatory examinations by independent
expert physicians are recommended.
Begle, A. M., M. Strachan, et al. (2011). "Elder mistreatment and emotional symptoms among older adults in a
largely Rural Population: The South Carolina elder mistreatment study." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26(11):
2321-2332.
Although two recent major studies provide some insight into the prevalence and correlates of elder
mistreatment, the relationship between elder mistreatment and mental health remains unclear. This
study begins to address this issue by examining the relationship between elder mistreatment (i.e., a
recent history of emotional and physical abuse) and negative emotional symptoms (e.g., anxiety and
depression) among 902 older adults aged 60 and above residing in South Carolina. Results demonstrate
that emotional, but not physical, abuse is significantly correlated with higher levels of emotional
symptoms. This relationship is sustained when controlling for established demographic and
social/dependency risk factors. These data suggest that mistreated older adults also suffer from greater
emotional symptoms and highlight the need for more research in this area. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Ben Natan, M. and L. Ariela (2010). "Study of factors that affect abuse of older people in nursing homes." Nurs
Manag (Harrow) 17(8): 20-24.
This article discusses the effects of long-term care facility traits on the maltreatment of older people.
Participants in this quantitative, descriptive study were staff working at 24 of the 300 long-term facilities
for older people in Israel. Slightly more than half of the sample reported abuse of older residents in the
previous 12 months, manifesting in one or more types of maltreatment. High staff turnover was
associated with a greater risk of mental or physical neglect, and the total number of maltreatment
incidents.
Bern-Klug, M. and B. Sabri (2012). "Nursing home social services directors and elder abuse staff training." Journal
of Gerontological Social Work 55(1): 5-20.
In a nationally representative study of 1,071 nursing home social services directors 80% of social services
departments provided resident rights training and 60-70% were involved in abuse training. Departments
headed by recent grads and in chain nursing homes or in the northeast were more likely to be involved in
training. Seventy-two percent of social services directors were able to provide one-on-one training about
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reporting suspected abuse; education and licensure were related to ability to train. (PsycINFO Database
Brown Clarke, J. (2008). "Evaluating the effectiveness and benefit-cost of Michigan background check program
using crime opportunity theory." Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences
68(12-A): 5201.
Elderly persons in long-term care settings are exceptionally vulnerable to abuse, neglect, and exploitation
necessitating special protective measures by criminal justice, social services, and health care agencies. In
2006, 28.6% of Michigan households with a family member in long-term care reported that person having
experienced one or more forms of abuse including physical, caretaking, verbal, emotional, neglect, sexual,
and exploitation (Post, 2006). Criminal justice agencies were scrambling to identify programs aimed at
reducing elder abuse in long-term care. Michigan was selected as one of seven states designated as a
federal pilot test site. As a result, the Michigan Background Check Program (MBCP), a comprehensive
background checks system built on neo-nascent technology (informatics and networked data collection
systems and repositories), promised to reduce crime by eliminating the opportunity for individuals with
criminal and abusive histories. Felson and Clarke (1998) argue that no crime can occur without the
physical opportunity to carry it out. Thus, reducing crime opportunities will produce a positive change in
criminal outcomes. The MBCP is an excellent example of an opportunity-reduction program that
eliminates the capacity and access of inappropriate individuals to vulnerable individuals in long-term care
settings. To date, no research efforts have focused on the Crime Opportunity Theory and the benefit-cost
savings gained from the reduction of those opportunities to protect vulnerable populations. The MBCP
was effective in preventing crime opportunities and provided a positive benefits-cost savings of
$204,271,800, which exceeded the total program costs of $3,689,908. This research shows how a modest
reduction in crime can generate substantial economic benefits. Findings from this research will assist in
aiding federal and state policymakers in the development of better background investigation techniques
for hiring practices in long-term care settings, as well as any settings that provide direct access to
vulnerable populations. This research adds a foundation for continued research into patient safety and
background check techniques. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
Campbell Reay, A. and K. D. Browne (2008). "Elder abuse and neglect." Woods, Robert [Ed]: 311-322.
(create) The issue of elder abuse and neglect is now acknowledged as a social and public health problem
in need of remediation. This chapter discusses definitions and types of abuse; prevalence and risk factors;
and prevention, intervention, and case management and maintenance of support. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
Canouï, P., A. Mauranges, et al. (2008). Le burn out à l'hôpital : le syndrome d'épuisement professionnel des
soignants. Issy-les-Moulineaux, Elsevier Masson.
Cet ouvrage définit le concept d'épuisement professionnel des soignants et indique ses limites,
permettant de le situer tant sur le plan clinique que psychopathologique. En positionnant la relation à
l'autre au centre de ce syndrome, les auteurs en révèlent la spécificité : "Quand la relation d'aide "tombe
malade", la symptomatologie est celle d'un burn out". Les auteurs font le point sur les facteurs de stress
spécifique, sur les stratégies d'adaptation et indiquent les instruments d'évaluation d'un burn out. Enfin,
ils accordent une large part aux réponses individuelles et institutionnelles pour remédier au SEPS,
débouchant sur les possibilités de prévention et les aspects éthiques. [...] Cette quatrième édition
propose de nouveaux éléments sur le burn out des médecins dans un contexte de pénurie des effectifs
paramédicaux et apporte par ailleurs un éclairage sur les dérives et les maltraitances qui peuvent
découler du burn out [Ed.]
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Carney, A. Y. (2011). "Battery and abuse in the elderly: A forensic analysis." Dissertation Abstracts International:
Section B: The Sciences and Engineering 71(7-B): 4170.
Elder abuse is a recognized social problem in the United States. First labeled as "granny battering" and
originally studied under the umbrella of family violence, maltreatment of the elderly has received more
funding and research in recent years. Multiple aspects of elder abuse have been examined in the
literature including measures for detection, assessment, and documentation. Although studies have
examined the circumstances surrounding abuse as well as theories of causation and characteristics of the
abuser and the abused, studies of the relationship between the abuser and the abused are less well
documented. The purpose of this research was to examine the abuser relationship, family or non-family,
and types of abuse (physical, financial, sexual) in the elderly through evaluation of prosecuted cases of
elder abuse in order to identify relationships which may inform nursing science in early prevention and
intervention strategies in a vulnerable elderly population. Specifically, this research aimed to answer the
question "What is the relationship between type of abuser (family, non-family) and type of abuse in cases
prosecuted through the San Diego District Attorney's Office?" Statistical analysis demonstrated
significance in abuser-abused relationship, type of abuse, and demographic age/gender predictors of
financial and physical abuse. No statistical significance was found for sexual abuse. This study informs
future nursing research in health outcomes for vulnerable elders, nursing curriculum, and health policy in
an aging population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
Caudron, J.-M., V. Charlot, et al. (2007). La maltraitance envers les personnes âgées vulnérables. Voiron, Territorial
éd.
La première partie fait l'état des lieux de la maltraitance aujourd'hui en France: contexte, apparition du
phénomène, définition, typologie, chiffres, victimes, auteurs. Il se prolonge par deux approfondissements,
l'un en institution, l'autre au domicile. Chaque partie mettra en évidence les éléments du contexte qui
peuvent justifier, mais sans jamais excuser, l'apparition de certaines formes de maltraitances. [...] La
deuxième partie de ce dossier [...] expose diverses actions et procédures mises en place à différents
niveaux pour contrer la maltraitance. Onze chapitres la composent. Les huit premiers énumèrent des
actions diverses: la lutte gouvernementale, l'action de prévention des chutes et de limitation de la
contention, la conférence de consensus sur la liberté d'aller et venir dans les établissements sanitaires et
médico-sociaux et l'obligation de soins et de sécurité; sont ensuite présentés un guide de gestion des
risques de maltraitance en institution, puis le réseau Alma et le réseau Rifvel. Deux supports de réflexion
et de diffusion sont finalement abordés: le site Papidoc et une pièce de théâtre. Trois chapitres clôturent
cette deuxième partie; ils concernent l'action à mener face à des suspicions ou des situations de
maltraitance : les signes de maltraitance, la prévention et finalement, l'action et les obligations légales,
spécifiques ou pour tout un chacun, qui s'imposent face à des situations intolérables. [Extrait Introduction
p. 11-12] En annexes, nombreux textes législatifs, chartes, grilles d'évaluations, etc.
Choi, N. G., J. Kim, et al. (2009). "Self-neglect and neglect of vulnerable older adults: Reexamination of etiology."
Journal of Gerontological Social Work 52(2): 171-187.
Using assessment and investigation data from the reported APS cases in Texas, this study examines the
types of elder self-neglect and neglect, including medical neglect. It then examines the association
between self-neglect and neglect and individual economic resources as well as health care and social
service programs for the poor. The findings show that elder self-neglect/neglect is, in large part,
attributable to frail older adults' and their families' lack of resources to pay for essential goods and
services and the inadequate healthcare and other formal support programs for the older adults and their
caregivers. This inadequate public policy coverage, rather than individual and intrafamily risk factors per
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se, needs to be considered as a significant cause of elder self-neglect/neglect. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Christen-Gueissaz, E. D. and S. Besson (2008). Le bien-être de la personne âgée en institution : un défi au
quotidien. Paris, S. Arslan.
Le sentiment de bien-être des personnes âgées vivant en institution et les facteurs qui peuvent ou non
l'optimiser, compte tenu des nombreuses et inévitables frustrations liées à leur état de santé et à la vie en
collectivité, sont au coeur de cet ouvrage. Pour traiter cette question, les auteurs, universitaires et
professionnels, s'appuient sur leurs pratiques d'accompagnement, d'intervention, de formation ou de
recherche, ainsi que sur des observations au sein d'institutions d'hébergement, et des entretiens réalisés
avec des personnes âgées. [...], le questionnement se déploie autour de l'importance du sentiment de
chez-soi, des enjeux identitaires propres à cette étape de vie dans un contexte d'hébergement, de la
qualité de l'accueil institutionnel du résident et de ses proches, de l'importance de prendre en compte
leurs souhaits et leurs habitudes, de l'enjeu d'une communication dans laquelle chacun des partenaires
trouve son compte. Toutes les facettes de ce questionnement renvoient à un défi au quotidien à la fois
pour les accompagnants (professionnels, proches) - comment préserver, améliorer la qualité de vie des
résidents âgés ? - et pour les personnes âgées - comment s'adapter à une réalité nouvelle, celle de
l'hébergement, en y puisant des ressources pour leur sentiment de bien-être ? [Ed.] [Sommaire] 1.
Bonheur et figures du temps en maison de retraite : un éclairage philosophique. - 2. Se sentir chez soi en
institution d'hébergement collectif. - 3. Enjeux identitaires pour les personnes âgées en institution. - 4.
L'entretien d'accueil comme point d'ancrage du nouveau résident et de sa famille en maison de retraite. 5. Les petits riens qui font la différence et qui contribuent au bien-être du résident en établissement
médico-social. - 6. Bien-être et communication : trouver ses mots en conversation. - 7. Représentations de
la maltraitance et de la bientraitance envers les personnes âgées chez des professionnels
d'établissements médico-sociaux : quelles indications pour la prévention ?
Cohen, M., S. Halevy-Levin, et al. (2010). "Elder abuse in long-term care residences and the risk indicators." Ageing
& Society 30(6): 1027-1040.
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of abuse among the residents of long-term care
facilities in Israel, and its associations with risk indicators. Seventy-one such residents aged 70 or more
years were assessed in the internal and orthopaedic departments of two university medical centres for
possible abuse by carers at the long-term facilities from which they were admitted. The study collected
socio-demographic and health profiles and a list of maltreatment or abusive acts, and administered the
Signs of Abuse Inventory and the Expanded Indicators of Abuse Questionnaire. Among the 71 residents,
31 per cent reported some form of maltreatment, most being instances of disrespectful behaviour. Signs
of abuse, mostly of neglect, were detected in 22.5 per cent of the sample. Hierarchical regression analysis
revealed that higher scores on risk indicators and higher dependence on others for the activities of daily
living significantly associated with reported abuse, while age, gender, risk indicators and lower blood
albumin level (being an indicator of worse nutritional and health status) significantly associated with
identified signs of abuse. It is concluded that direct questioning mainly discloses instances of disrespectful
behaviours and humiliation, while the assessment of signs of abuse is more sensitive to cases of neglect.
Risk indicators were found to be reliable indicators of abuse. Routine screening for these indicators is
recommended to improve detection and thereby to prevent abuse in long-term care facilities. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Cohen, M. and S. Shinan-Altman (2011). "A cross-cultural study of nursing aides' attitudes to elder abuse in nursing
homes." International Psychogeriatrics 23(8): 1213-1221.
8
Background: Nursing aides' attitudes to elder abuse may serve as predictors of a proclivity to it, and may
be influenced by cultural and situational context such as immigration. The purpose of the current study
was to examine attitudes to elder abuse in three groups of Israeli nursing aides, namely veteran Israeli
Jews, Israeli Arabs, and new immigrants, and their associations to demographic and work-related factors.
Methods: 188 nursing aides (31 veteran Israeli Jews, 38 Israeli Arabs, 119 new immigrants) at 18 nursing
homes in Israel completed questionnaires on work stressors, attitudes to elder abuse, sociodemographic
and work-related characteristics, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: New immigrant nursing
aides reported a higher tendency to condone abusive behaviors than did veteran Jewish and Arab nursing
aides. Some 23% of the variance in attitudes was explained by group, demographics, work stressors and
burnout. Greater condoning of elder abuse was associated with belonging to the new immigrant group,
being unmarried and reporting higher work stressors. There was an interaction effect of work stressors x
group, indicating that higher work stressors were related to a stronger tendency to condone elder abuse
in the new immigrant group than in the veteran Jewish and Arab groups. Burnout was correlated with
greater condoning of elder abuse; this association was not significant when the other variables were
controlled for in the regression analysis. Conclusions: Attitudes condoning elder abuse are related to work
stressors, and may be accelerated by the additional stressors on new immigrant nursing aides. Careful
planning of the professional guidance and support given to new immigrant nursing aides is important.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Collins, K. A. (2006). "Elder maltreatment: a review." Arch Pathol Lab Med 130(9): 1290-1296.
CONTEXT: Elder maltreatment is not a new entity but is one that is recently recognized as a widespread
and growing social problem. Unfortunately, few physicians are trained to recognize the different forms of
elder maltreatment including physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. The elder, age 65 years or older,
is also a unique individual with respect to pathophysiology. The natural changes of aging must be
considered when assessing any physical or laboratory findings. OBJECTIVE: The practicing pathologist and
resident/fellow in training must be familiar with the 6 forms of elder abuse, in particular the 3 forms that
are seen in general and forensic pathology: physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect. Naturally occurring
conditions must also be recognized so that these are not erroneously interpreted as trauma or neglect.
Furthermore, the victims and perpetrators, scenarios and risk factors, common anatomic and clinical
findings, the pathophysiology of aging, and possible imitators of abuse must be understood. DATA
SOURCES: This review explores the current medical and psychological understanding of elder
maltreatment. Current scientific literature including peer-reviewed journal publications and texts is cited.
CONCLUSIONS: As a prevalent form of domestic violence, we can only expect to see more cases of elder
maltreatment as the number and percentage of elders in our population increase. The correct
interpretation of physical and laboratory findings is needed to adequately classify these cases, certify the
cause and manner of death, and prevent future incidents.
Conner, T., A. Prokhorov, et al. (2011). "Impairment and abuse of elderly by staff in long-term care in Michigan:
Evidence from structural equation modeling." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 26(1): 21-33.
Elder abuse in long-term care has become a very important public health concern. Recent estimates of
elder abuse prevalence are in the range of 2% to 10% (Lachs & Pillemer, 2004), and current changes in
population structure indicate a potential for an upward trend in prevalence (Malley-Morrison, Nolido, &
Chawla, 2006; Post et al., 2006). More than 20 years ago, Karl Pillemer called for sociological research on
patient maltreatment in nursing homes and provided an overview model for the conduct of such research
(Pillemer, 1988). The research literature since then has not provided the definitive model to account for
patient maltreatment that Pillemer hoped for. Instead, it has produced a laundry list of risk factors that
includes the patient's functional disability, cognitive impairment, social isolation, age, race, income, family
background, life events, dementia, and depression (Dyer, Pavlik, Murphy, & Hyman, 2000; Lachs &
Pillemer, 2004; Lachs,Williams, Obrien, Hurst, & Horwitz, 1997; Pavlik, Hyman, Festa, & Dyer, 2001;
9
Schofield & Mishra, 2003). However, no theory exists to place these factors in a causal structure that
relates the factors to each other and to whether abuse occurs. This study is a first step in that direction.
Nine hypotheses were generated focusing on the effects of two dimensions of impairment-(a) physical
and cognitive and (b) age and behavior problems-on susceptibility to abuse among elderly in long-term
care.The relationships between factors and from factors to susceptibility to abuse are specified in a
structural equation model where "susceptibility to abuse," "physical impairment," and "cognitive
impairment" are latent variables, and behavior problems and age are directly measured. (PsycINFO
Cooper, C., A. Selwood, et al. (2008). "The prevalence of elder abuse and neglect: a systematic review." Age Ageing
37(2): 151-160.
OBJECTIVE: to perform a systematic review of studies measuring the prevalence of elder abuse or neglect,
either reported by older people themselves, or family and professional caregivers or investigated using
objective measures. METHODS: we conducted a comprehensive literature search of multiple databases up
to October 2006, supplemented by a search of the references of all relevant articles. Validity of studies
was graded by two authors independently using a standardised checklist. RESULTS: forty-nine studies met
our inclusion criteria, of which only seven used measures for which reliability and validity had been
assessed. In the general population studies, 6% of older people reported significant abuse in the last
month and 5.6% of couples reported physical violence in their relationship in the last year. In studies using
valid instruments involving vulnerable elders, nearly a quarter reported significant levels of psychological
abuse. Five per cent of family caregivers reported physical abuse towards care recipients with dementia in
a year, and a third reported any significant abuse. Sixteen per cent of care home staff admitted significant
psychological abuse. Rates of abuse recorded using objective measures (5%) or reported to home
management or adult protective services (APS) (1-2%) were low. CONCLUSION: one in four vulnerable
elders are at risk of abuse and only a small proportion of this is currently detected. Elders and family and
professional caregivers are willing to report abuse and should be asked about it routinely. Valid, reliable
measures and consensus on what constitutes an adequate standard for validity of abuse measures are
needed.
Dakin, E. and S. Pearlmutter (2009). "Older women's perceptions of elder maltreatment and ethical dilemmas in
adult protective services: a cross-cultural, exploratory study." J Elder Abuse Negl 21(1): 15-57.
In this study, older African American, Latina, and Caucasian women from varying socioeconomic
backgrounds participated in eight focus groups that examined their perceptions of elder maltreatment
and three ethical dilemmas within adult protective service work: mandatory reporting, involuntary
protective services, and criminalization of elder maltreatment. Participants espoused a broad and
inclusive view of elder maltreatment. In responding to illustrative case scenarios, participants strongly
favored protection over freedom by supporting mandatory reporting and involuntary protective services.
Criminalization of elder maltreatment also was supported. This article presents results of each scenario
and broad themes across the study, with attention paid to areas of consistency and difference across
ethnicity and socioeconomic categories.
Dangaix, D. and A. Tursz (2007). ""Contre les violences, l'urgence c'est l'action éducative et la prévention"." La
Santé de l'homme(389): 12-14.
Pendant six mois, Anne Tursz a coordonné à la demande du ministère de la Santé et des Solidarités les
travaux des experts sur le thème "Violence et santé" avant de rédiger un rapport qui contient un état des
lieux et des propositions d'actions. Dans cet entretien, elle souligne avec force que c'est autour de l'action
éducative, de l'éducation à la santé et de la prévention qu'il faut agir sans attendre. Elle met en avant le
rôle des médecins généralistes dans le repérage des risques, insiste sur la nécessité d'agir dès la
10
grossesse, auprès des pères aussi. Enfin, elle s'insurge contre les idées reçues sur la violence. Non, la
violence n'augmente pas dans la société, c'est la résonance qu'en font les médias qui s'accroît. Non, il n'y
a pas de lien présupposé entre violence et précarité, toute la population est concernée par la
maltraitance. [BDSP. Notice produite par INPES R0x9DqDr. Diffusion soumise à autorisation].
Day, K. (2007). "Elder abuse in context of poverty and deprivation and emergency department care." Australasian
Emergency Nursing Journal 10(4): 169-177.
Background: Elder abuse is difficult to detect; victims often remain silent. It is a cause of induced poverty
and deprivation of care, loss of civil liberties and maltreatment which can result in emergency department
presentations and premature transfer to permanent care. Aims: This discussion aims to: define the
phenomenon and prevalence of elder abuse, discuss the sociopolitical context of elder abuse and the
impact it can have on emergency care. Discussions will encompass the implications for emergency nurses
including patient safety and key points for consideration and care. Methods: An integrated literature
review examining over 70 national and international peer review journals, government reports, policy
papers, and international journal articles over the last 12 years, examining elder abuse was conducted.
Results: The main themes emerging from the literature including definitions, health implications, risk
factors, incidence and identification of elder abuse, will be explored and the relationship of these themes
to emergency department care and identification of cases of elder abuse. Conclusion: While nurses in
emergency departments are well placed to identify cases of suspected elder abuse, a crucial factor
influencing patient outcomes is the quality of the community care/emergency department interface.
DeForge, R., P. van Wyk, et al. (2011). "Afraid to care; unable to care: A critical ethnography within a long-term
care home." Journal of Aging Studies 25(4): 415-426.
This paper describes the findings of a critical ethnographic research study conducted in an urban longterm care home. While our intention was to learn more about the culture of care, specifically as it relates
to mental health care provision, the participants in the study consistently spoke with us about (what we
have labeled as) a culture of compliance. In a context where new long-term care legislation is being
implemented along with new, standardized resident assessment instruments, gaining a deeper
understanding of the (un)intended consequences of government's efforts to ensure a high quality of care
is of paramount importance. This research demonstrates how policy-driven structural mechanisms can
(re)produce conditions that result in frontline staff being afraid and unable to care, and thus contributes
to a better understanding of the lived experience of frontline long-term care staff who find that their
caregiving responsibilities are displaced by caregiving accountabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
Dow, B. and M. Joosten (2012). "Understanding elder abuse: A social rights perspective." International
Psychogeriatrics 24(6): 853-855.
Elder abuse is generally understood in terms of the types of abuse that older people can be subjected tofinancial, physical, psychological, sexual, and neglect. However, these definitions often fail to take into
account the broader social context in which elder abuse is allowed to occur. Older people are rarely asked
about what elder abuse means to them but when they are, they define it in societal terms-social
exclusion, the belittling of their views and contribution, and violation of their rights. An effective approach
to elder abuse requires intervention at a societal level to combat ageism and age discrimination. Elder
abuse is a human rights issue, and any response must be framed by the understanding that people have a
right to freedom from violence and exploitation, and the right to dignity and respect, regardless of age. A
comprehensive response to elder abuse must address ageism in society, and while this broader approach
is more difficult to implement and evaluate than a focus on elder abuse at an individual level, this does
not mean it should be evaded. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
11
France. Direction de la recherche, d. é. d. l. é. e. d. s. (2006). Données sur la situation sanitaire et sociale en France
en. Paris, La documentation française.
[Table des matières]: Chap. 1. Quelques grandes caractéristiques de l'état de santé des français: 1. Les
évolutions démographiques. - .2. Les grands traits de la morbidité. - 3. Des disparités sociales de santé et
de recours aux soins qui perdurent. - Chap. 2. Les grands problèmes de santé publique: 1. Environnement,
milieu de vie et prévention: Une couverture vaccinale qui doit encore être développée pour les adultes;
L'infection à vih et le sida : amélioration de l'état de santé des personnes infectées grâce aux
multithérapies rétrovirales; Les risques liés au milieu de vie : une vigilance qui se renforce; La iatrogénie,
un problème encore mal évalué; La santé au travail. - 2. Santé, modes de vie et comportements
individuels et sociaux: Les comportements alimentaires; Les conduites addictives; Les accidents; Un
déterminant important de la santé mentale : l'environnement psychosocial; Violences et maltraitances;
Les comportements sexuels. - 3. D'autres champs importants de la prévention: suivi des femmes
enceintes; La santé bucco-dentaire; Les troubles de la vue, de l'audition et du langage; Des pathologies
liées au vieillissement. - 4. Des pathologies chroniques nécessitant des prises en charge coordonnées: Les
cancers ; Les maladies cardiovasculaires; Les maladies pulmonaires obstructives chroniques; Les troubles
mentaux ; Le diabète; Insuffisance rénale chronique. - 5. Le développement des besoins de prises en
charge médico-sociales. - Chap. 3. Les acteurs et les structures: 1. Les professions de santé. - 2. Les
établissements de santé en 2002. - 3. Les établissements médico-sociaux. Indicateurs de suivi des objectifs
du rapport annexé à la loi relative à la politique de santé publique.
France. Direction de la recherche, d. é. d. l. é. e. d. s. and S. Danet (2010). L'état de santé de la population en
France : rapport. Paris, La documentation française.
Cet ouvrage fournit en 2010 une vision d'ensemble de l'état de santé de la population en France. Il
constitue le quatrième rapport de suivi des objectifs associés à la loi relative à la politique de santé
publique du 9 août 2004, après une première édition en 2006. Il a permis de documenter le Haut conseil
de la santé publique (HCSP), installé depuis mars 2007, pour préparer l'évaluation de la loi de santé
publique du 9 août 2004. Le rapport d'évaluation du HCSP a été rendu public le 17 mars 2010. [Ed.]
[Sommaire, rap. 2010]: Liste des contributeurs. - Synthèse. - Dossiers: Les jeunes, leur rapport à la santé
et leur état de santé - Les IVG en France en 2007 : caractéristiques des femmes, modes et lieux de prise en
charge. - Indicateurs de santé transversaux: Cadrage démographique et social - Données synthétiques de
mortalité - Indicateurs synthétiques relatifs à la morbidité déclarée - Problèmes de santé spécifiques et
état de santé global de la population - Inégalités sociales de santé. - Objectifs par thèmes: Alcool :
objectifs 1, 2 ; Tabac : objectifs 3, 4 ; Nutrition et activité physique : objectifs 5 à 13 ; Santé et travail :
objectifs 14 à 17 ; Santé et environnement : objectifs 18 à 25 ; Iatrogénie : objectifs 26 à 28 ; Résistance
aux antibiotiques : objectif 30 ; Douleur : objectifs 31, 32 ; Précarité et inégalités : objectif 33 ; Déficiences
et handicaps : objectif 35 ; Maladies infectieuses : objectifs 36 à 42 ; Santé maternelle et périnatale :
objectifs 44 à 47 ; Tumeurs malignes : objectifs 48 à 53 ; Pathologies endocriniennes : objectifs 54, 55 ;
Toxicomanies : objectifs 56, 58 ; Affections neuropsychiatriques - Recours aux soins : objectif 59 ;
Maladies des organes des sens : objectif 68 ; Maladies cardiovasculaires : objectifs 69 à 73 ; Affections des
voies respiratoires : objectif 74 ; Maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin : objectif 76 ;
Pathologies gynécologiques : objectif 78 ; Insuffisance rénale chronique : objectifs 80, 81 ; Troubles
musculo-squelettiques : objectif 82 ; Affections d'origine anténatale : objectif 88 ; Affections
buccodentaires : objectif 91 ; Traumatismes : objectifs 92 à 94 ; Problèmes de santé spécifiques à des
groupes de population : objectifs 97à 99.
12
France. Haut comité de la santé, p. (2006). Violences et santé. [Rennes], ENSP (Ecole nationale de la santé
publique).
Ce rapport explore les différents domaines d'expression de la violence dans notre société : violences
familiales et conjugales, maltraitance des enfants ou des personnes âgées, violences chez les jeunes,
violence routière, violence sur le lieu du travail, et suicide. Il met l'accent sur le fait que la violence prend
de nos jours une acuité particulière liée à la complexité de la vie sociale au sein de laquelle se construit
désormais l'individu. Phénomène protéiforme, la violence est issue de situations individuelles ou
collectives très diverses qui s'interpénètrent et rendent complexe l'analyse des déterminants et
l'élaboration de mesures de prévention. Le HCSP interroge la nature de cette intervention en termes de
santé publique. À quel stade de développement de la violence se situe-t-elle ? Comment se déterminent
les champs de compétence des différentes spécialités et responsabilités ? Ces interrogations évoquent la
multiplicité des approches à mettre en oeuvre. C'est pourquoi la démarche adoptée par le rapport du
HCSP s'inscrit dans une volonté de fédérer les différents types d'action envisageables autour des
impératifs de pédagogie, d'information, de médiation, de diffusion et d'évaluation des initiatives de
terrain. [Ed.]
Galli Carminati, G. and A. Mendez (2006). "J'abuse ?" : la personne avec retard mental et troubles psychiatriques
face à l'abus. Genève, Médecine & Hygiène.
[Table des matières] Les multiples aspects de l'abus : préface. - I. Les abus sur le plan affectif. 1. Le
partenariat : confronter ses points de vue pour éviter les abus. - II. Les abus sur le plan physique. 2. Qui
est victime de qui ? - III. Les abus sur le plan matériel. 3. De l'argent de poche à l'argent en poche
(empoché ?). - IV. Les abus sur le plan sexuel. 4. Maltraitance et bientraitance : du déni éthique au
réductionnisme scientifique. 5. Où se loge vraiment l'abus ? Quête de vie... ou chaos ? - V : Approche
thérapeutique groupale de l'abus sexuel. 6. Groupe Oser Dire. 7. Le groupe affectivo-sexuel : de la
connaissance, de l'apprentissage, de la prévention et du traitement. 8. L'éducation sexuelle chez la
personne avec retard mental grave. - VI. Les abus dans la famille et en dehors de la famille. 9.
Caractéristiques du réseau socio-familial chez la personne avec retard mental à travers la perspective du
patient : un défaut ou un abus de famille ? 10. Caractéristiques du réseau familial " abusif " envers la
personne avec une déficience mentale. 11. Traitement de famille et abus sexuel chez une personne avec
retard mental. 12. Le manque de ressources cognitives-émotionnelles acquises et la violence sexuelle
dans la vie relationnelle et familiale de la femme. 13. L'autodétermination en institution : la meilleure
prévention contre les maltraitances et la violence. 14. Abus des thérapeutes et de Soi-même. 15. Travail
de terrain ou l'art du compromis. - VI. Cadre juridique et historique. 16. Les aspects juridiques de l'abus.
17. La prise en charge des personnes avec retard mental à Genève de 1955 à 2005.
García Castillo, N. and M. D. Pérez Fonollá (2007). "Sociosanitary considerations on maltreatment of the elderly
[Spanish]." Metas de Enfermería 10(3): 65-68.
The ageing of the population in developed countries has began to pose a health and social problem that
went practically unnoticed up until recently, such as in the case of maltreatment. The different definitions
of maltreatment follow one same line; however, the important thing in this subject is to make it known to
the different professional groups so maltreatment is approached in the right manner. The purpose of this
paper is to show the current state of maltreatment specifically in the elderly. A bibliographic search was
conducted with the aim of going deeper into the existing research studies on maltreatment in this age
group. It transpires that the phenomenon of maltreatment in the elderly and research on this subject
started relatively not long ago, and thus further research is needed on this subject. It is important to
increase the population's awareness on maltreatment prevention so as to increase the quality of life of
our elderly.
13
Garre-Olmo, J., X. Planas-Pujol, et al. (2009). "Prevalence and risk factors of suspected elder abuse subtypes in
people aged 75 and older." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 57(5): 815-822.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of suspected elder abuse subtypes and to identify related factors.
Design: Cross-sectional, population-based, descriptive study. Setting: Eight rural villages in Girona, Spain.
Participants: Six hundred seventy-six inhabitants aged 75 and older. Measurements: All participants were
interviewed in their homes using the study protocol, which includes an abuse screen used in previous
elder abuse studies and questions about demographic, social, physical, psychiatric, cognitive, and social
services variables. Results: The mean age of the participants was 81.7 +/- 4.8; 58.2% were female.
Prevalence of suspected neglect abuse was 16.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.2-18.9), prevalence
of psychosocial abuse was 15.2% (95% CI = 12.8-18.2), prevalence of financial abuse was 4.7% (95% CI =
3.0-6.4) and prevalence of physical abuse was 0.1% (95% CI = 0.004-0.8). Psychosocial abuse was
positively associated with depressive symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.01-2.72), social
isolation (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.18-0.69), and frequent bladder incontinence (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.234.86). Neglect abuse was positively associated with social isolation (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.27-0.99), use of
social services (OR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.05-3.20), and living arrangements (OR = 5.29, 95% CI = 2.65-10.56).
Financial abuse was associated with marital status (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.59), age 85 and older, (OR =
3.84, 95% CI = 1.70-8.68), and Mini-Mental State Examination score (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.78-0.94).
Conclusion: After adjustment for confounding factors, each subtype of suspected elder abuse was
associated with different variables. The results of this study suggest that elder abuse cannot be analyzed
as a unitary concept and that risk factors must be assessed for each abuse subtype. (PsycINFO Database
Gineste, Y. (2004). Silence, on frappe... : de la maltraitance à la bientraitance des personnes âgées. Ris Orangis, Ed.
Animagine.
La maltraitance des personnes âgées... En ce domaine, le silence faisait loi. Pourtant, depuis des années,
les auteurs de ce livre se battent pour que cessent les traitements indignes que subissent parfois nos
anciens en institution. A l'opposé de la maltraitance, la majorité des équipes de soin tentent de
développer des approches bientraitantes. Yves Gineste, le père du concept de "bientraitance" a demandé
à des soignants du monde francophone de traiter librement de ce double sujet. 14 textes différents, pour
un seul objectif le respect de la dignité de nos anciens. Du désespoir à l'Espoir. De la maltraitance à la
Bientraitance... [Ed.] [Sommaire] : - Première partie : Un état des lieux. - La violence en institution pour
personnes âgées : du constat aux solutions / Yves Gineste et Rosette Marescotti. - La fabrique des
grabataires / Margueritte Mérette. - Quand ceci explique cela / Pascale Dubreu. - Une hospitalisation
mouvementée / Michel Mazeirat. - Une théorie cachée de la maltraitance / Bernard Pradines. - Deuxième
Partie : Comprendre et lutter : Maltraitance des personnes âgées : de la préhistoire à nos jours, où
comment rien n'a changé ou presque / Jean-Pierre Martin. - Maltraitance, bientraitance en institution, de
quoi traite-t-on ? / Nicolas Lépine. - Le réseau Alma : Allô maltraitance / Robert Hugonot. - Prévention :
parler et être écouté / Françoise Busby. - De la maltraitance vers la reconnaissance / Olivier Despont. - La
prise en charge de la dépendance lourde des personnes âgées / Alain Duval. - Troisième partie : regards
de clients : La vie est un film - La vieille femme grincheuse - I have a dream / Nils Straband. - Postface :
Robinson et vendredi / Jérôme Pelissier.
Habjanic, A., S. Elo, et al. (2011). "Activities to prevent common types of maltreatment of Slovenian nursing home
residents: the nursing staff viewpoint." Healthmed 5(6): 2000-2009.
Research into the maltreatment of residents in nursing homes has been neglected because of the risk of
personal exposure and negative stereotypes. In modern society it is important to try to improve the
established routines and habits that make maltreatment possible. The aim of this study was to examine
the maltreatment of nursing home residents and find solutions for its prevention, from the nursing staff
14
viewpoint. A cross-sectional study design was used, with structured questionnaires and unstructured
interviews. The sample consisted of nursing staff members from fourteen nursing homes in Slovenia
(survey: n=148; interview: n=20). The resulting data was processed by means of statistical analysis and
conventional content analysis. The nursing staff made suggestions on how to improve food intake,
protection of intimacy and daily walks but could not offer solutions for better privacy or improved
cleaning. In the long term, elder care needs to suppress existing "practicality" issues in the activities of
daily care and reconsider nursing ethics in a plea for more attention and respect for older people.
Heilporn, A., J. M. Andre, et al. (2006). "Violence to and maltreatment of people with disabilities: A short review."
Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 38(1): 10-12.
Objective: Violence to disabled persons constitutes a major ethical problem. The European Academy of
Rehabilitation Medicine has debated the matter; it presents this short report to alert a wider audience to
the problem, with the aim of provoking debate and facilitating prevention. Design: The Academy has
produced a full report on the literature. The present short report summarizes the essential features of this
and significant references to violence. This is defined, types described, and risk factors and signs identified
with the aim of informing rehabilitation practitioners. Conclusion: Violence may take many forms, often
being subtle, insidious and difficult to recognize. However, the members of the rehabilitation team may
be able to provide significant help and act preventively as they work towards the better social integration
of the disabled individual helping them gain more control of their lives. European legislation may help us
in this task; we are reminded that our roles are set within the context of our civic duties of respect for and
tolerance of all.
Hugonot, R. (2008). Violences invisibles : reconnaître les situations de maltraitance envers les personnes âgées.
Paris, Dunod.
Aucun dispositif de prévention de la maltraitance envers les personnes âgées, aussi bien pensé et financé
soit-il, ne remplacera l'expérience et l'expertise. Savoir lire au-delà des apparence et diagnostiquer le fait
de maltraitance est un impératif pour les médecins, les psychologues, les juges et les travailleurs sociaux,
et finalement chacun d'entre nous. Ces récits sont de véritables cas d'une clinique du quotidien à domicile
ou en institution. En les publiant, leur auteur vise autant à révéler et dénoncer qu'à former et prévenir :
les situations que vivent les personnes âgées sont toujours plus complexes qu'on ne l'imagine. [...] , il
reste ce dont nous avertit d'emblée l'auteur : " Certaines de ces observations sont livrées au lecteur dans
la nudité de leur cruauté. C'est pour mieux rendre compte de leur caractère odieux. Car nous sommes ici
plongés dans la dissimulation des intentions, des actes ; voire même dans leur caricature, qui rend un
meurtre humanitaire ou une maltraitance salvatrice. " [Ed.]
Imbody, B. and E. Vandsburger (2011). "Elder abuse and neglect: Assessment tools, interventions, and
recommendations for effective service provision." Educational Gerontology 37(7): 634-650.
With our communities rapidly aging, there is always a clear need for greater knowledge on how to serve
elders. Professionals must be able to recognize cases of abuse and neglect and provide appropriate follow
up services. Through reviewing recent literature, this paper surveys existing assessment tools and
interventions, describes characteristics of effective service provision, and offers recommendations for
best practice and future research. There lacks an instrument that fulfills the need for brevity,
thoroughness, and user-friendliness. Best practices for service provision to maltreated elders were
reviewed including the need for multidisciplinary collaboration, cultural competency, professional
training, and responding to ageism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
15
Jackson, S. L. and T. L. Hafemeister (2011). "Risk factors associated with elder abuse: the importance of
differentiating by type of elder maltreatment." Violence Vict 26(6): 738-757.
Elder abuse research rarely differentiates by the type of elder maltreatment involved when identifying
risk factors. The purpose of this study was to compare risk factors across four predominant types of elder
maltreatment (financial exploitation, physical abuse, neglect by others, and hybrid financial exploitation
[HFE]). Data were collected from two sources: interviews with victims of substantiated elder abuse,
responding adult protective services (APS) caseworkers (N = 71), and third-party informants; and a
statewide database that contained all substantiated cases over a corresponding 2-year period (N = 2,142).
Using chi-square (interview data) and logistic regressions (Adult Services/Adult Protective Services
[ASAPS] data), significant differences across the four types of elder maltreatment were found. These two
datasets provide converging evidence for the importance of differentiating by type of maltreatment when
identifying risk factors for elder maltreatment and for the importance of considering both the elderly
victim and the abusive individual when predicting type of elder maltreatment.
Jannone, L. (2011). "Community services for victims of interpersonal violence." Nursing Clinics of North America
46(4): 471-476.
Interpersonal violence can be categorized into youth violence, childhood maltreatment, intimate partner
violence, elder abuse, or sexual violence. Just as there are several different victims of interpersonal
violence, there are various different community services and prevention programs for each particular type
of interpersonal violence. This article reviews the literature on community services and prevention
available for all victims of interpersonal violence, and examines the literature on whether these programs
are effective. Copyright © 2011 by Elsevier Inc.
Jayawardena, K. and S. Liao (2006). "Elder Abuse at End of Life." Journal of Palliative Medicine 9(1): 127-136.
Context: Advances in health care and changing demographics have led to an aging population whose care
at the end of life has become complex. Patients at the end of life, by the nature of their clinical and social
circumstances, are at high risk for elder abuse. Underreporting of elder abuse is a growing concern. The
clinical presentation of abuse may overlap with the natural dying process, further compounding the
problem. Evidence acquisition: Articles were obtained through a PubMed search using the terms "elder
abuse" and "elder mistreatment" and from the University of California, Irvine's Elder Abuse Forensic
Center library. Additional references were followed through these first set of articles and also from
colleagues expert in this field. Evidence synthesis: Multidisciplinary teams have been shown to be the
most effective intervention for the assessment and prevention of abuse. Most abuse occurs at home by
family members; the hospice team may be the only outside professionals coming into the home.
Caregiver stress and victim dependency increase the risk for abuse. Although physical abuse is the most
commonly envisioned, neglect is the most common form of abuse. Financial abuse is often the underlying
motivation for other forms of abuse. Conclusions: Health professionals have an ethical and legal
responsibility to both report and work to prevent suspected abuse. The interdisciplinary team can make a
significant impact on elder abuse, a major detriment on quality of life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
Joël, M.-E. (2007). "Personnes âgées et handicapées : le déni de la maltraitance." La Santé de l'homme(389): 31-34.
Une personne âgée ou handicapée sur dix serait victime de maltraitance. Les experts qui ont travaillé dans
le cadre du rapport Tursz préconisent plusieurs mesures sans attendre : informer ces personnes de leurs
modes de recours ; prendre en charge les victimes ; mieux former les professionnels et les aidants de
l'entourage, repérer les plus vulnérables, améliorer le signalement des violences, instaurer des espaces de
parole... Et s'attaquer au déni qui entoure la maltraitance. Pour Marie-Ève Joël, qui a piloté ces travaux,
16
ces changements représentent une "révolution culturelle" qui exige un travail pédagogique à tous les
niveaux. A la demande du ministère de la Santé et des Solidarités et sous la présidence de Madame Anne
Tursz, pédiatre, épidémiologiste et directeur de recherche à l'Inserm, six commissions préparatoires ont
produit une somme de réflexions et d'analyses. Ces travaux ont donné lieu à un rapport final de Madame
Tursz : "La prévention et l'éducation pour la santé ont-elles une place dans la lutte contre les violences ?"
Les présidents de chacune de ces commissions ainsi qu'Anne Tursz, présidente de l'ensemble de cette
mission préparatoire, livrent à "La santé de l'Homme" les points qui ont pu leur paraître les plus
marquants. [BDSP. Notice produite par INPES R0xrA8I8. Diffusion soumise à autorisation].
Killick, C. and B. J. Taylor (2009). "Professional decision making on elder abuse: Systematic narrative review." J
Elder Abuse Negl 21(3): 211-238.
Social work and health care professionals internationally are recognizing the need to understand and
respond to the abuse of older people. Policy and guidance have identified processes but definitions of key
concepts remain problematic, and the literature suggests that practitioners and agencies have little
insight or guidance for decision making. Nine bibliographic databases were searched for studies on
professional decision making regarding abuse of older people. Relevant studies retrieved were appraised
for quality using explicit criteria. The findings of the 19 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were
synthesised using a structured narrative approach. Common themes identified were abuse factors,
situational factors, and broader contextual factors. Abuse factors relating to risk levels and client
vulnerability were central; age, gender, and health status were considered as key indicators of
vulnerability. The opinion of adult protection workers about the potential effectiveness of their
intervention was a factor in deciding about responding to alleged or suspected abuse. Professionals
struggled with complex ethical dilemmas created by elder abuse, particularly when the victim did not
want an investigation. Making objective judgements was difficult when faced with complex family and
contextual factors. A structured approach to narrative synthesis of a diverse range of studies retrieved
through an explicit search and inclusion process provided a useful summary of key issues for practice and
identified gaps in the research literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
(journal abstract).
Klingbeil, K. S. and R. D. Maiuro (2007). Interpersonal violence. 2007. The behavioral sciences and health care (2nd
rev. and updated ed.). Ashland, OH, Hogrefe & Huber Publishers; US: 170-177.
(create) This chapter on interpersonal violence discusses the four major forms of abuse (physical abuse,
psychological/emotional abuse, sexual abuse, social/environmental abuse); types of abusive relationships
(stranger-to-stranger violence, family violence); child maltreatment and abuse; partner abuse; marital
rape/date rape; elder abuse; violence-related trauma syndrome; posttraumatic stress disorder;
perpetrators of interpersonal violence; societal and situational factors that contribute to violence;
damage to the central nervous system; psychiatric conditions associated with violent behavior; influence
of drugs and alcohol; violence as a crime; intervention; and prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Lai, D. W. L. (2011). "Abuse and neglect experienced by aging chinese in Canada." J Elder Abuse Negl 23(4): 326347.
The traditional values of Chinese culture promote care and respect toward older adults. While it appears
to be ironic to discuss issues of abuse and neglect in the Chinese culture, research findings in Chinese
societies do indicate the occurrences of such problems. However, little research on the abuse and neglect
of older Chinese in Western societies has been available. This study aims to examine the incidence of
abuse and neglect and the associated correlates based on data collected from a random sample of 2,272
aging Chinese 55 years and older in seven Canadian cities. The findings show that 4.5% of the participants
17
reported experiencing at least one incident of maltreatment or neglect within the past year. The most
common forms of neglect and abuse experienced by the aging Chinese include being scolded, yelled at,
treated impolitely all the time, and ridiculed. Close family members such as spouses and sons are those
that most commonly maltreat older Chinese. Those who were more likely to report at least one incident
of maltreatment or neglect were older adults living with others; they tended to have no education, more
access barriers, more chronic illnesses, less favorable mental health, and a higher level of identification
with Chinese cultural values. The findings implied that the face value of respect and care received by older
people in Chinese culture should not be taken for granted. Culturally appropriate precautionary steps are
needed for prevention and early problem identification.
Lawrence, V. and S. Banerjee (2010). "Improving care in care homes: A qualitative evaluation of the Croydon care
home support team." Aging & Mental Health 14(4): 416-424.
Objectives: The Croydon care home support team (CHST) was developed in response to reports of patient
abuse within long-term care. It presents a novel strategy for improving standards of care within care
homes. A qualitative methodology was used to assess the perceived impact of the CHST. Method: Indepth interviews were conducted with 14 care home managers and 24 members of care home staff
across 14 care homes. Grounded theory principles guided the collection and analysis of the data. Results:
Reports of improved communication between staff, improved staff development and confidence, and
improved quality of care point towards the effectiveness of the CHST model. The collaborative approach
of the CHST was considered pivotal to its success and presented as an effective method of engaging care
home managers and staff. The CHST adopted a systemic approach that placed an equal emphasis on the
social, mental health and nursing needs of residents and aimed to address the whole culture of care
within the individual homes. Conclusions: The data demonstrate the potential for specialist multidisciplinary teams to raise standards of care across long-term care settings. Increased awareness of
safeguarding issues, improved staff morale and communication and ongoing opportunities for discussion
and problem solving promised to sustain improvements. Such services could be instrumental in meeting
the government priority of preventing abuse among vulnerable adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
Liang, S. and X. Liu (2008). "Research progress on maltreatment of aged people [Chinese]." Chinese Nursing
Research 22(4A): 849-850.
It introduced the status quo of maltreatment aged people both in abroad and in China. It reviewed the
characteristics of maltreatment aged people in mod-em society from aspects of the aged group subjected
maltreament easily, causes of aged people maltreated, and the occasions of maltreatment aged people. It
also put forward that nursing staff play an important role in preventing, finding, and solving problems of
maltreatment of aged people.
Logan, T. K. (2007). "Review of Family violence in a cultural perspective: Defining, understanding, and combating
abuse. Win, 2007." Journal of Comparative Family Studies.38(1): pp.
Reviews the book, Family violence in a cultural perspective: Defining, understanding, and combating
abuse by Kathleen Malley-Morrison and Denise Hines (2004). This book examines factors and research
around child abuse, spouse abuse, and elder abuse in the U.S. for Native American Indian cultures, African
American cultures, Hispanic/Latino cultures, and Asian American cultures. The book concludes with
chapters on prevention and interventions for child and adult maltreatment. One unique feature of this
book that would be particularly useful for students, are the interesting case studies sprinkled throughout
each chapter as well as questions for thought also sprinkled throughout each chapter. This book
approaches the topics by helping the reader understand how implicit theories drive interpretations of
behavior or situations and decision making. The book also helps the reader to begin to understand his or
18
her implicit theories about certain situations and asks the reader to consider how different cultural
contexts may influence interpretations of various situations. The end product of this book is that it is very
readable and thought provoking. It would be useful especially for undergraduate students or others
interested in culture, as it provides a valuable overview of child, spouse, and elder abuse in the U.S., and
in these areas in the above mentioned cultures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights
reserved)
Lowenstein, A. (2009). "Elder abuse and neglect-"Old phenomenon": New directions for research, legislation, and
service developments." J Elder Abuse Negl 21(3): 278-287.
This article poses the question: Is elder abuse and neglect a social problem, showing that it is. Elder abuse,
though, is still the most hidden form of mistreatment and a key to governmental responses to an ageing
population. It is an important facet as a family violence problem, an intergenerational concern, as well as
a health, justice and human rights issue. Because the phenomenon of elder abuse and neglect is so
complex and multi-dimensional, it has to be addressed by multi-professional and inter-disciplinary
approaches. Raising awareness is a fundamental prevention strategy and an important step in causing
changes in attitudes and behaviors. This has been accomplished by INPEA and the article was developed
from the lecture given by the author on receiving the International Rosalie Wolf Award from INPEA. The
discussion focuses on elder abuse as a product of global ageing, stemming from population ageing, which
is consistent with an increased prevalence of abuse of all vulnerable groups, older people among them. It
is pointed out that baseline and trend data on the nature and prevalence of senior abuse are crucial to
policy responses and the development of appropriate programs and services. Difficulties in assessing the
scope of the phenomenon, though, are due to: problems in definitions and methodology, which create
difficulties in comparing data from various countries; lack of social and familial awareness; isolation of
some elders, especially migrants; elder abuse as a 'hidden issue' that usually occurs in the privacy of the
home and is viewed as a family affair; limited access to institutional settings. Difficulties also exist in
constructing a unifying research framework in order to study the phenomenon due to a lack of
comparison groups, a lack of representative national surveys and difficulties in measurement. There is
currently, however, an increase in prevalence and incidence studies from both sides of the Atlantic and
especially from Europe. But while prevalence studies provide base-data on numbers, little is known about
key conceptual issues for policy, practice and the understanding of different forms of abuse and neglect.
Theoretical under-development hampers the collection of systematic cumulative knowledge which is
based on universally agreed upon and standardized tools, and reduces the ability to discover unifying
themes and their relationship to local idiosyncrasies existing in the field. Additionally, there has been no
attempt to develop theoretical knowledge grounded in data from the study of elder abuse itself. The
following vehicles for action are, thus, suggested: Developing international, national and regional research
agendas and data bases; developing policy and legislation; developing services and interventions and
developing educational programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
Lowenstein, A. and I. Doron (2008). "Times of transition: Elder abuse and neglect in Israel." J Elder Abuse Negl
20(2): 181-206.
The present paper addresses the advancement of research, policies, legislation, and practice experiences
designed to deal with the phenomenon of elder abuse and neglect in Israel in times of transition. The
paper presents a short overview of the demographic scene, reflecting population characteristics and
needs that impact care giving as well as elder abuse and neglect. The developments of scientific
knowledge and its accumulation, especially the empirical data from the first national survey on elder
abuse and neglect are discussed. Further, legislative developments relating to four generational laws and
the advancement of policies and innovative practice experiences are described and analyzed. Finally,
19
future challenges in the field are identified. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
(journal abstract).
Lowenstein, A., Z. Eisikovits, et al. (2009). "Is elder abuse and neglect a social phenomenon? Data from the first
national prevalence survey in Israel." J Elder Abuse Negl 21(3): 253-277.
This article discusses findings from the First National Survey on Elder Abuse and Neglect in Israel,
conducted during 2004-2005 under the sponsorship of The Association for Planning and Development of
Services for the Aged in Israel (ESHEL) and the National Insurance Institute. The goals were to examine the
prevalence and severity of various forms of abuse and neglect from the victims' perspective, to examine
correlates and predictors, and to develop profiles of elders at risk. Data were collected through personal
interviews from a national representative sample of community urban dwellers age 65 and older, using
cluster sampling techniques and sampling proportionately both Arab and Jewish elders. The sample was
composed of 392 males and 650 females, 89% were Jews and 11% were non-Jews. The instrument
included sociodemographic data, health and activities of daily living (ADL), a measure of safety, and a
battery to examine seven types of abuse (physical, emotional, verbal, limitation of freedom, financial
exploitation, sexual, and neglect). Findings indicate that 18.4% of the respondents were exposed to at
least one type of abuse during the 12 months preceding the interview, the highest form being verbal
abuse followed by financial exploitation. The rates were quite similar between Jews and Arabs. Women
were more exposed to physical violence and Arab women were the most vulnerable. Physical, emotional,
verbal, limitation of freedom, and sexual abuse occurred mostly among partners. The rates of physical,
sexual, and limitation of freedom abuse, however, were relatively low. Financial exploitation was mostly
inflicted by adult children. Partners as perpetrators had more chronic health problems and physical and
mental disabilities. Children as perpetrators were unemployed, had various mental health problems, and
were substance abusers, often in a process of separation or divorce and tended to live with the victims.
Neglect in answering primary needs was found among 20% of the sample, regarding the 3 months
preceding the interview. This high rate might be related to elders tending to avoid seeking help or sharing
their needs with their families. When victims sought help it was mostly from medical and health services.
The findings thus corroborate that elder abuse and neglect is a social problem in Israeli society and has to
be addressed in policy discourse and service developments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all
rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Malmedal, W., O. Ingebrigtsen, et al. (2009). "Inadequate care in Norwegian nursing homes - As reported by
nursing staff." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 23(2): 231-242.
Studies have shown that inadequate care, also referred to as abuse, violence, neglect and maltreatment
occur in nursing homes in many countries. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency and types
of inadequate care committed by staff in nursing homes. Another aim was to investigate if nursing staff
reported differently depending on age, education level and years of experience working at nursing homes.
A questionnaire survey was conducted among nursing staff (n = 616) in 16 nursing homes in the central
part of Norway. Twenty items concerned staff behaviour in forms of acts of inadequate care. The
respondents were asked to report how often they had observed colleagues commit acts and how often
they themselves had committed such acts. The response rate was 79%. All in all, 91% of the nursing staff
reported that they had observed at least one act of inadequate care and 87% reported that they had
committed at least one act of inadequate care. Acts of negligent and emotional character were most
frequently reported, both as observed and committed. Depending on the higher educational level that the
nursing staff had more acts of all types were observed and committed. The oldest staff and those with
longest experience at the present nursing home reported more observed and committed acts of physical
character than did the others. The extent of inadequate care confirms that this is a common part of
activities in nursing homes. Because emotional and negligent acts can be just as harmful as physical acts,
20
more knowledge is needed about the reasons in order to take preventive actions. (PsycINFO Database
Masse, M., G. Petitpierre, et al. (2011). La maltraitance en institution : les représentations comme moyen de
prévention. Genève, IES éditions.
Les institutions médico-sociales ou socio-éducatives ont pour mission l'accompagnement et le
développement de l'autonomie et du bien-être de leurs résidants. Comment expliquer dès lors les
diverses formes d'abus - négligences, violences psychologiques, morales ou physiques - se produisant
parfois dans certains établissements ? Face à ce paradoxe, Manon Masse et Geneviève Petitpierre
abordent le thème de la prévention de la maltraitance perpétrée envers des adultes présentant une
déficience intellectuelle et vivant ou travaillant en institution. L'ouvrage s'articule autour d'une
méthodologie originale qui consiste en une recherche-action réunissant trois types d'acteurs: des
personnes avec une déficience intellectuelle, des parents concernés et des professionnels du domaine
socioéducatif. Dans un premier temps, la démarche vise à identifier les représentations de la maltraitance
en milieu institutionnel du point de vue des acteurs en présence. Ensuite, dans une perspective
multifactorielle et en s'appuyant sur la littérature existante, les auteures distinguent les facteurs
augmentant ou diminuant le risque de survenue ou d'exposition à la maltraitance. Enfin, toujours en
sollicitant les participants, des pistes d'actions concrètes destinées à prévenir l'apparition de situations
abusives sont esquissées. [Ed.]
Mba, C. J. (2007). "Elder abuse in parts of Africa and the way forward." Gerontechnology 6(4): 230-235.
Despite their acknowledged social and economic contributions, as well as their role in traditional and
cultural affairs, many older adults in Africa experience abuse and are largely excluded in socio-economic
and political affairs. The processes of modernization and urbanization are beginning to erode the
traditional social welfare system of Africa, the extended family. The abuse and violence against older
persons and their vulnerability to financial exploitation is a key challenge faced by many African countries.
Older persons, particularly women, have to care for their dying children and orphaned grandchildren.
They suffer from financial hardship and social isolation thereby endangering their health. To prevent
population aging from becoming an economic and social problem, adequate, timely and dynamic
measures should be implemented at international, national and local levels. Because the increase in the
elderly population tends to lead to an increase in pension and health costs, active measures for
employment and social protection should be implemented to ensure the sustainability of public finances.
The overwhelming majority of elderly persons in Africa, especially older women, has no formal education
that would have secured them employment in the competitive job market, and would guarantee them
social protection in old age. Consequently, subsequent education and employment of this sector of the
population can play a pivotal role in furnishing social security and ameliorating elder abuse in the coming
years. Provision of online education to African older adults, and employing them to index African cultural
heritage will among other things empower them with skills to spread awareness about elder abuse and
making them more self-sufficient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
McDonald, L., M. Beaulieu, et al. (2012). "Institutional abuse of older adults: What we know, what we need to
know." J Elder Abuse Negl 24(2): 138-160.
Although Canadian policies support "aging in place," there still will be a number of older adults who will
require institutional care in the future. Most research on elder abuse, however, has focused on domestic
abuse and has paid less attention to institutional abuse. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively
review current research to identify gaps in knowledge and methodological issues in the study of
institutional abuse. Overall, 49 studies in English and 20 studies in French were reviewed, and 11 key21
informant interviews were conducted with methodological experts. Methodological challenges are
addressed in light of the review and interviews. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights
reserved) (journal abstract).
Nadien, M. B. (2006). "Factors that influence abusive interactions between aging women and their caregivers." Ann
N Y Acad Sci 1087: 158-169.
Research findings suggest that one or more factors-personality and/or drug or financial dependency,
cognitive and personality impairments, contextual factors, or severe stress-render elders vulnerable to
caregiver maltreatment (i.e., either abuse or neglect), but may also make them more prone to abusing
their caregivers. However, it is often the interaction between elders and caregivers that determines
whether maltreatment will actually occur. Maltreatment of elders is less likely when caregivers (1) are
free of mental impairments and of drug and personality dependency, (2) are trained to cope with the
stress of caregiving and of highly provocative and/or abusive elders, (3) and are adequately reimbursed
and socially supported.
Natan, M., A. Lowenstein, et al. (2010). "Psycho-social factors affecting elders' maltreatment in long-term care
facilities." International Nursing Review 57(1): 113-120.
Aim: To examine and analyze major variables affecting maltreatment of elderly nursing home residents.
The study was based on two theoretical paradigms: the theoretical model for predicting causes of
maltreatment of elderly residents developed by Pillemer, and the Theory of Reasoned Action developed
by Ajzen & Fishbein. Methods: The study employed a correlational quantitative method. The research
population consisted of the staff of 22 nursing homes in Israel. Six hundred questionnaires were
distributed in these facilities and 510 were completed and returned (85%). In addition, 24 questionnaires
were distributed among directors of the facilities and 22 were returned (91.6%). Findings: Slightly more
than half of the staff sampled reported abuse of elderly residents over the past year, as manifested in one
or more of types of maltreatment. The total number of various types of maltreatment reported was 513.
About two-thirds of the cases were incidents of neglect. Seventy per cent of respondents reported that
they had been present at incidents in which another staff member abused an elderly resident in one or
more types of maltreatment, and in such situations mental abuse and mental neglect were the most
prevalent forms of maltreatment. Conclusion and Recommendations: This is the first study to examine
elder maltreatment in the long-term care population of Israel. The research findings produce an expanded
and improved research model investigating elder maltreatment in long-term nursing homes. (PsycINFO
Nerenberg, L. (2006). "Communities Respond to Elder Abuse." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 46(3-4): 5-33.
This article traces the development of services to prevent and treat elder abuse over a twenty-year time
span. It begins by describing the various forms of elder abuse and the challenges they pose to service
providers and program developers. Also described are abuse reporting statutes, the roles of various
agencies involved in abuse investigations and responses, services commonly needed by victims, funding
sources, and common impediments to service delivery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights
Nerenberg, L. (2008). "Elder abuse prevention: Emerging trends and promising strategies." 300.
(from the preface) This book describes what has been accomplished and what remains to be done to stop
elder abuse, treat its effects, and ensure justice. It further addresses the broader need to fortify our longterm care, protective service, and legal systems to meet the new and imminent demands of a burgeoning
22
elderly population. In short, it is about making our communities safer places to grow old. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
Nerenberg, L. (2010). "Elder abuse prevention: A review of the field." Cavanaugh, John C [Ed] 3: 53-80.
(from the chapter) This chapter on elder abuse and prevention begins with a review of the debates about
the definition of "elder abuse." The author then considers the scope and nature of the problem and
causes of abuse and neglect. An ecological model of abuse is discussed, as are cultural variations in abuse
patterns. Finally, the author considers public policy at the federal and state levels. Practice in the field of
elder abuse prevention is described. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
O'Brien, J. G. (2010). "A physician's perspective: Elder abuse and neglect over 25 years." J Elder Abuse Negl 22(1-2):
94-104.
Twenty-five years of involvement with elder abuse and neglect has yielded mixed results. The
contribution by physicians to elder abuse, in contrast with child abuse, has been very limited. Physicians,
despite being in an advantaged position to intervene, lag behind other professionals in reporting.
Potential remedies include identification of abuse as a syndrome to allow for reimbursement, increased
education and research funding, and a greater advocacy role by physician organizations. (PsycINFO
Omote, S., K. Saeki, et al. (2007). "Difficulties experienced by care managers who are care workers managing elder
abuse cases in the Japanese long-term care insurance system." Health & Social Care in the Community 15(6): 569576.
The purpose of the present study is to describe the difficulties perceived by care managers in Japan when
managing care in cases of abuse of elderly people in the home. Participants (n = 21) were female care
managers who had handled an abuse case while working for an in-home care management service
provider. Participants had a mean of 4.3 +/- 0.7 years of experience as a care manager. Interview data
were collected from 2004 to 2005 and analysed according to the grounded theory approach. Seven
categories and one core category of difficulties were extracted from the data. The core category was 'tacit
control of care management by the abusive caregiver'. The other categories were as follows: the terrible
situation of the people abused cannot be ignored; the long-term care insurance service is the only support
for abused people; the abusive caregiver has the authority to cancel the contract; concerns that
intervention might increase abuse; prioritising how to deal with the abuser rather than the abused is
unavoidable; the abusive caregiver deciding the needs of the individual requiring care; and creating a care
plan that is acceptable to the caregiver. Therefore, the present results suggest the necessity of not only
treating the role of care managers as an important position within the care system that deals with elder
abuse, but also highlight the need to establish a system that supports care managers in order to promote
appropriate care management. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
Paranjape, A., M. Rodriguez, et al. (2009). "Psychometric properties of a new scale to assess family violence in
older African American women: The family violence against older women (FVOW) scale." Violence Against Women
15(10): 1213-1226.
Absence of a conceptually grounded, comprehensive measure for family violence in older women has
hindered attempts to define the extent of the problem and its effects on older women's health. This
article reports the development and psychometrics of the Family Violence in Older African American
Women Scale, a comprehensive scale to measure family violence in older women. The scale demonstrates
23
two distinct factors: (a) "Abuse" and (b) "Caregiving Failure," which measure abusive behaviors in the
context of a family relationship and caring for older women, respectively. Implications for the use of this
scale in research and practice settings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights
Patterson, M. and K. Malley-Morrison (2006). "A Cognitive-Ecological Approach to Elder Abuse in Five Cultures:
Human Rights and Education." Educational Gerontology.32(1): pp.
The population of the world is aging rapidly--a development that the World Health Organization (2004)
has labeled as "a demographic revolution." According to its statistics, there are currently 600 million
people in the world over the age of 60, a figure that will double by 2025 and double again by 2050. Within
this age group, the numbers of the "oldest old" (people over 80) are increasing the most rapidly. With
these dramatic changes, there is an escalating need for education around issues related to aging. Crossculturally, elders are one of four groups (along with children, women, and individuals with disabilities)
found to be consistently vulnerable to family violence (Levesque, 2002). While cross-cultural research on
domestic violence and abuse generally has expanded, elder abuse, as a subtype of domestic violence,
remains poorly understood cross-culturally. All of the authors in this issue mentioned that a dearth of
research on elder abuse within the populations they sampled was a limitation in trying to understand
elder abuse within these societies. Their papers, combining qualitative data and quantitative analyses,
provide a useful basis for expanding our understanding of cross-cultural aspects of elder abuse. In this
concluding paper, we discuss the issues highlighted in the research reported in the papers within this
volume. We also comment on how insights from the research might be used to educate the general
public, service providers, and human rights workers concerning perspectives on elder abuse and factors
that may influence elder maltreatment. The ultimate goal of such understanding is to develop adequate
prevention strategies that will address both general and culture-specific risk factors that contribute to
elder abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
Perez-Rojo, G. and B. Penhale (2006). "Elder abuse: Current situation in the United Kingdom." Revista Espanola de
Geriatria y Gerontologia 41(5): 289-296.
Although elder abuse and neglect is not a new phenomenon and has serious consequences, currently it is
underrecognized and underreported. Against this background, the aim of this study was to determine the
current situation of elder abuse in the UK. To this end, the contribution of this study is twofold. First, we
describe general aspects associated with elder abuse in the UK, such as issues related to the definition of
the term, the prevalence rate, the different kinds of elder abuse, and the risk factors that may be present.
Second, we also include information on more specific issues concerning the prevention and intervention
strategies in elder abuse that are being carried out in the UK. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all
rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Phillips, L. R. and G. Guo (2011). "Mistreatment in assisted living facilities: Complaints, substantiations, and risk
factors." The Gerontologist 51(3): 343-353.
Purpose of the Study: Use archived public data from Arizona to explore relationships among selected
institutional and resident risk and situation-specific factors and complaints and substantiated allegations
of various types of mistreatment in assisted living facilities (ALFs). Design and Methods: An
exploratory/descriptive 2-group design was used. Facilities in the complaint group were identified from
narrative data that appeared suspicious for mistreatment based on definitions for physical, verbal,
psychological, medication, sexual abuse, neglect, financial exploitation, and physical restraint. Facilities in
the comparison group were those that had no citations or complaints in 2007-2008. Narrative data were
content analyzed, and chi-square analysis was used to answer 3 research questions. Results: The
complaint group was comprised of significantly more assisted living centers, large facilities (51-101+),
24
facilities licensed to provide personal care services, and facilities owned by national corporations.
Substantiated allegations were significantly more frequent in assisted living centers, facilities with more
than 51 beds, and those owned by national corporations. Facility risk factors were related to some types
of substantiated mistreatment and not others. Implications: Findings suggest the need to evaluate use of
only unlicensed assistive personnel in facilities, increase oversight of care by professional nurses, rethink
the practice of not licensing small facilities, and monitor more closely practices and procedures in facilities
operated by national corporations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
Podnieks, E., G. J. Anetzberger, et al. (2010). "Worldview environmental scan on elder abuse." J Elder Abuse Negl
22(1-2): 164-179.
In response to a growing and worldwide recognition of elder abuse, the WorldView Environmental Scan
on Elder Abuse was undertaken. It represented an attempt to collect both information on the nature of
the problem of elder abuse and responses to it from a global perspective. The first of its kind, the Scan
gathered information about elder abuse as well as on related legislation and policy, services and
programs, educational resources and needs, training, and past and ongoing research. A total of 53
countries responded to the survey questionnaire, with 362 respondents representing the six world
regions designated by the World Health Organization. Findings revealed that factors contributing to elder
abuse include changing social and economic structures, isolation of victims, inadequate knowledge of
laws and services, intergenerational conflict, and poverty. Barriers to seeking resources to intervene and
protect older adults include the culture of the country, language issues, literacy, stigma, lack of mobility,
lack of funding, and insufficient familiarity with and access to the internet. The data serve as a catalyst to
take action, both globally and nationally, while emphasizing the changes necessary to protect the rights
and dignity of older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
Portelli, I. and T. Fulmer (2010). "Disaster related elder mistreatment (DREM)." Toner, John A [Ed]: 361-378.
(create) This chapter will examine the traits of older persons that put them at risk for disaster related
elder mistreatment (DREM), along with the steps that aid public health response to recognize and prevent
this type of mistreatment. Elder mistreatment needs assessment and DREM prevention strategies and
management are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
Post, L., C. Page, et al. (2010). "Elder abuse in long-term care: Types, patterns, and risk factors." Research on Aging
32(3): 323-348.
The authors investigated types and patterns of elder abuse by paid caregivers in long-term care and
assessed the role of several risk factors for different abuses and for multiple abuse types. The results are
based on a 2005 random-digit-dial survey of relatives of persons in long-term care. We computed
occurrence rates and conditional occurrence rates for each of six abuse types: physical, caretaking, verbal,
emotional, neglect, and material. Among older adults who have experienced at least one type of abuse,
more than half (51.4%) have experienced another type of abuse. Physical functioning problems, activities
of daily living limitations, and behavioral problems are significant risk factors for at least three types of
abuse and are significant for multiple abuse types. The findings have implications for those monitoring the
well-being of older adults in long-term care as well as those responsible for developing public health
interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Roulet Schwab, D. (2004). "Maltraitance des personnes âgées et processus de communication: quels enjeux pour la
prévention?" Actualité psychologiques 17: 86-97.
25
Roulet Schwab, D., Christen-Gueissaz E. (2006). "Prévention de la maltraitance des personnes âgées. Rechercheaction réalisée dans quelques établissements médico-sociaux." Ethique et Santé 3: 151-155.
Roulet Schwab, D. and A. Rivoir (2011). Maltraitance des personnes âgées : représentations et gestion de la
problématique dans les institutions. Lausanne, Haute Ecole de la Santé-La Source: 48 p.
Conduite par Mme Delphine Roulet Schwab, Dr. ès psychologie et professeure à la HEdS-La Source, avec la
collaboration d'Anna Rivoir, psychologue et coordinatrice de l'association Alter Ego, cette étude fait le
point sur les représentations et la gestion de la problématique de la maltraitance envers les personnes
âgées dans les institutions romandes. Le rapport est structuré selon quatre axes de questionnement : La
maltraitance envers les personnes âgées constitue-t-elle une réalité en Suisse romande? - Qu'entendent
les responsables d'institutions par "maltraitance"? - Quelles actions sont entreprises face à la
maltraitance? - Comment orienter la prévention en Suisse romande?. Après avoir dégagé des questions
émergentes, il propose des pistes pour la gestion de la problématique dans les institutions. Réalisée en
2010-2011 auprès de responsables de nombreuses institutions (230 EMS, CMS, foyers de jour/UAT et
services hospitaliers) sur l'ensemble de la Suisse romande, cette recherche est inédite tant par son
ampleur que par son approche accordant une place importante à l'expression du point de vue des
participants. Sur la base de leurs expériences de terrain, cette étude confirme que la maltraitance envers
les aînés constitue une réalité dans les institutions romandes. Elle met par ailleurs en évidence l'existence
de nombreuses ressources et d'un large mouvement de sensibilisation. [Ed.]
Scheiderer, E. (2012). "Elder abuse: Ethical and related considerations for professionals in psychology." Ethics &
Behavior 22(1): 75-87.
Elder abuse presents difficult ethical considerations that the field of psychology has yet to sufficiently
address. As demographics and sociocultural factors shift in the coming decade, this deficit in ethical
competence may become an increasingly serious problem. Although legal definitions of elder abuse lack
uniformity and clarity, there is much room for improvement in the field of psychology. Ethical
considerations most relevant to professionals in psychology draw heavily on the principles of beneficence
and nonmaleficence and respect for people's rights and dignity. Professional standards of competence,
discrimination, informed consent, privacy and confidentiality, and cooperation with other professionals
are also critical in these considerations. A number of recommendations are made, centering around the
needs for more education, frank discussion, and empirical examination of the complexities of elder abuse.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
Schiamberg, L. B., G. G. Barboza, et al. (2011). "Elder abuse in nursing homes: An ecological perspective." J Elder
Abuse Negl.23(2): pp.
Population trends suggest that the next 20 years will witness a dramatic increase in the adult population
aged 65 and older. Projected increases in the elderly population are expected to significantly increase the
stress on family and professional caretakers. Stress, in the context of caregiving relationships, is a risk
factor associated with increased prevalence of elder abuse in familial and institutional settings. As
increasing numbers of older adults are moved from family caregiving to nursing home care settings, it
becomes important to identify the pattern of elder abuse risk factors in nursing home facilities. An
ecological model is proposed for better understanding the risk factors associated with elder abuse in
nursing homes and the complex interaction of individual/person characteristics and contextual factors in
institutional elder abuse. An ecological perspective to institutional elder abuse provides a framework for
guiding and informing future research on the risk factors of nursing home abuse and, in turn, for the
development of effective interventions and relevant social policies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012
APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)
26
Schiamberg, L. B., J. Oehmke, et al. (2012). "Physical abuse of older adults in nursing homes: A random sample
survey of adults with an elderly family member in a nursing home." J Elder Abuse Negl 24(1): 65-83.
Few empirical studies have focused on elder abuse in nursing home settings. The present study
investigated the prevalence and risk factors of staff physical abuse among elderly individuals receiving
nursing home care in Michigan. A random sample of 452 adults with elderly relatives, older than 65 years,
and in nursing home care completed a telephone survey regarding elder abuse and neglect experienced
by this elder family member in the care setting. Some 24.3% of respondents reported at least one incident
of physical abuse by nursing home staff. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the importance
of various risk factors in nursing home abuse. Limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), older adult
behavioral difficulties, and previous victimization by nonstaff perpetrators were associated with a greater
likelihood of physical abuse. Interventions that address these risk factors may be effective in reducing
older adult physical abuse in nursing homes. Attention to the contextual or ecological character of nursing
home abuse is essential, particularly in light of the findings of this study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
Schweizer Berufsverband der Pflegefachfrauen und, P. (2010). Position éthique 4 : maltraitance envers des patients
ou résidents par des infirmiers ou infirmières. Berne, Schweizer Berufsverband der Pflegefachfrauen und
Pflegefachmänner: 2 p.
Les actes de maltraitance envers un patient par des soignants sont le plus souvent commis en cachette.
Aucun chiffre précis n'est disponible à ce sujet mais il y a toutefois lieu de supposer que les cas connus ne
représentent que la pointe visible de l'iceberg. Les mauvais traitements portent atteinte à la dignité
humaine et aux droits de l'homme universels. Ils ont des conséquences aussi bien physiques que
psychiques sur les victimes et ne doivent être justifiés ni tolérés sous aucun prétexte. Dès qu'un mauvais
traitement commis par une infirmière ou un infirmier est décelé, il est indispensable de clarifier les faits
de manière spécifique sur le plan individuel et institutionnel, d'amener les responsables à rendre des
comptes et d'engager des mesures de prévention. Il importe d'examiner les mécanismes en jeu dans
l'ensemble du système qui permettent l'émergence de ce genre d'incidents. [Auteurs]
Sethi, D. W., S.; Mitis, F.; Bellis, M.; Penhale, B.; Marmolejo, I.I.; Lowenstein, A.; Manthorpe, G.; Kärki, F.U. (2011).
European report on preventing elder maltreatment.
Elder maltreatment is pervasive in all countries in the WHO European Region, and estimates suggest that
at least 4 million people in the Region experience elder maltreatment in any one year. Most countries in
the Region have an ageing population, and one third of the population is forecast to be 60 years and older
in 2050, putting more people at risk of elder maltreatment. Elder maltreatment has far-reaching
consequences for the mental and physical well-being of tens of millions of older people, and if left
unchecked will result in their premature death. Estimates suggest that about 2500 older people may lose
their lives annually from elder maltreatment. The report highlights the numerous biological, social,
cultural, economic and environmental factors that interact to influence the risk and protective factors of
being a victim or perpetrator of elder maltreatment. There is some evidence of effectiveness, and
examples include psychological programmes for perpetrators and programmes designed to change
attitudes towards older people, improve the mental health of caregivers and, in earlier life, to promote
nurturing relationships and social skills learning. The evidence base needs to be strengthened, but much
can be done by implementing interventions using an evaluative framework. Prevention and social justice
for older people can only be achieved by mainstreaming this response into health and social policy.
Surveys show that the public and policy-makers are increasingly concerned about the problem, and the
policy response needs to be strengthened to meet this demand.
27
Shinan-Altman, S. and M. Cohen (2009). "Nursing aides' attitudes to elder abuse in nursing homes: The effect of
work stressors and burnout." The Gerontologist 49(5): 674-684.
Background: Nursing aides' attitudes condoning elder abuse are a possible risk factor for executing
abusive behaviors against elder residents of long-term care facilities but have been studied infrequently.
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess nursing aides' attitudes that condone abusive behaviors
toward elderly people, as well as the relationship of these attitudes to demographic variables, work
stressors (role conflict, role ambiguity, and work overload), burnout, and perceived control, based on the
theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1988, Attitudes, personality and behavior. Milton Keynes: Open
University Press) Design and Methods: Two hundred and eight nursing aides from 18 nursing homes in
Israel completed demographic, work stressors, burnout, and perceived control questionnaires and a case
vignette questionnaire to test attitudes condoning elder abuse. Results: The mean score of the attitudes
condoning abusive behaviors was relatively high at 3.24 (SD = 0.59) on a 1-4 scale. Condoning abusive
behaviors were closely associated with higher levels of work stressors, burnout, and low income. Multiple
regression analyses revealed that demographic variables, work stressors, burnout, and perceived control
explained 12% of the variance of condoning abusive behaviors among the nursing aides. Of these, role
ambiguity, role conflict, and burnout were significantly associated with attitudes condoning abusive
behaviors. In addition, burnout partially mediated the relationship between work stressors and attitudes
condoning elder abuse. Conclusions: As nursing aides' attitudes condoning elder abuse may influence
their actual behaviors, training and supervision programs should be developed to reduce work stressors
and burnout and to modify these attitudes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
(journal abstract).
Shryock, S., D. M. Hunsaker, et al. (2005). "Forensic evaluation of the elderly." J Ky Med Assoc 103(9): 451-455.
As the "Baby Boomer Generation" matures, it is pre dicted that greater than 70 million Americans >65
years of age will retire over the next decade. The U.S. Census Bureau 2000 reported a 12% rise in this age
group from 1990 to 2000. The highest national population percentage increase was demonstrated in
elders >85 years mirrored by a 0.1% rise in Kentucky's octogenarians. Because of advances in social
programs, nutrition, and medical treatment, Americans are living longer. However, advanced age can be
typified by chronic disabilities or illnesses requiring assistance in managing activities of daily living (ADL's).
As a consequence, reliance on caregivers from within the family or from private or state supported
institutions periodically complicates strained familial relationships and finances. The care of an elder may
become suboptimal. Studies show that between 1 and 2 million elder Americans experience some form of
maltreatment each year. The Division of Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM), as part of the Office of the
Kentucky Chief Medical Examiner and the University of Louisville Division of Forensic Pathology, provides
expert consultation for injury recognition and interpretation in the traumatized elder.
Strasser, S., K. O'Quin, et al. (2012). "Older adults with intellectual disabilities: Targets for increasing victimization,
a call for a preemptive screening policy." Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities 5(2): 157167.
The aging population is a rapidly growing demographic in the United States. Isolation, limited autonomy,
and declining physical and mental health render many older adults vulnerable to abuse, neglect, and
exploitation. As the population grows, so does the need for Adult Protective Services (APS). This article
highlights an ultrasensitive subgroup of older adults who may be more susceptible to victimization-those
who have Alzheimer's disease or dementia. The article proposes a model approach to strengthen APS's
response to initial calls of elder maltreatment, particularly within the state of Georgia, so that
professionals are better prepared to detect and intervene on behalf of older abuse victims who may lack
the capacity to do so by themselves. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract).
28
Tauriac, J. J. and N. Scruggs (2006). "Elder Abuse Among African Americans." Educational Gerontology.32(1): pp.
Perceptions of extreme, moderate, and mild forms of elder abuse among African-American women (n=25)
and men (n=10) were examined. African-American respondents emphasized physical abuse when giving
examples of extremely abusive behavior. Along with physical abuse, verbal abuse was the most frequently
identified form of abuse, and was significantly related to age in complex ways: the older the respondents,
the more examples they provided of verbal abuse as an extreme form of mistreatment; while the younger
the respondents, the more examples they gave of verbal abuse as a mild form of mistreatment. Examples
of neglect and abandonment were listed most frequently as forms of extreme abuse, and were listed
significantly more frequently by females than by males. Findings have relevance for prevention and
intervention efforts, indicating the types of elder maltreatment that appear to be most salient to the
African-American community. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal
abstract)
Tursz, A. (2006). Violence et santé : rapport préparatoire au plan national : rapport au ministre de la Santé et des
Solidarités. Paris, La Documentation française: 250 p.
En 2002, paraissait un rapport de l'OMS intitulé "Rapport mondial sur la violence et la santé". Ses auteurs
estimaient que la violence, qualifiée de "défi planétaire", avait un coût considérable en termes de
répercussion sur la santé des victimes et de fardeau pour les établissements de santé, et que s'attaquer
aux racines de la violence devenait une priorité pour les milieux de la santé. C'est dans ce contexte qu'en
France, la loi no 2004-806 du 9 août 2004, relative à la politique de santé publique, a prévu l'élaboration
de cinq plans stratégiques de santé publique (2004-2008), dont un "plan national visant à limiter l'impact
de la violence sur la santé". Le présent rapport est né des travaux préliminaires à ce plan, menés par un
comité interministériel d'orientation et six commissions thématiques : périnatalité, enfants et adolescents
; genre et violence ; personnes âgées et personnes handicapées ; violence et santé mentale ; violence,
travail, emploi, santé ; institutions, organisations et violence. Il correspond au rapport de synthèse des
travaux effectués. Cet ouvrage répertorie les textes législatifs et réglementaires en vigueur ainsi que les
dispositifs de prévention et de soins existants. Il propose aussi des recommandations en termes de
recherche, de surveillance épidémiologique, d'action, d'information et de formation. Il est destiné à tous
les professionnels confrontés aux effets de la violence sur la santé, mais aussi aux états de santé
générateurs de violence.
Université . Unité de recherche et d'intervention en, g., E. Christen-Gueissaz, et al. (2004). Prévention de la
maltraitance des personnes âgées : recherche-action réalisée dans quelques établissements médico-sociaux :
rapport rédigé pour le Service de la Santé publique du canton de Vaud (CH). Lausanne, UNIGER. 30 mars 2004: 63
p.
Dans le cadre d'un mandat du Service de la Santé Publique, coordonné par l'association Alter Ego Vaud,
l'UNIGER a conduit une recherche-action visant l'élaboration d'un cadre de référence pour la prévention
de la maltraitance envers les personnes âgées en EMS. Cette recherche-action comprend une expériencepilote d'intervention réalisée dans cinq EMS vaudois (psychogériatrie, psychiatrie, division C d'hôpital), sur
six situations « d'impasse ».
Viens Python, N. and M.-C. Hofner (2004). Formation Prémalpa: prévention de la maltraitance chez la personne
âgée: classeur de l'animateur. [Fribourg], Fondation Charlotte Olivier-(2004) version Canton du Jura-(2005) version
Canton de Vaud-(2005)-version République et Canton de Genève et version Canton de Fribourg.
29
Walsh, C. A., J. L. Olson, et al. (2011). "Elder abuse and oppression: Voices of marginalized elders." J Elder Abuse
Negl 23(1): 17-42.
The voices of elderly people from marginalized groups are rarely solicited, and the relationship between
elder maltreatment and belonging to an oppressed group has not been adequately investigated. This
article reviews the literature on oppression and elder abuse and describes findings from the secondary
analysis of data from focus group discussions on elder abuse held with marginalized older adults and
(quasi)professionals caring for them in two Canadian cities. Participants identified that increased
vulnerability to elder abuse was related to oppression experienced as a consequence of ageism, sexism,
ableism/disability, racism, heterosexism/homophobia, classism, and various intersecting types of
oppression. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract).
30

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