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Chemwatch 21604 Company Contact No. +61 8 9411 8777 gypsum INGREDIENTS gypsum NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Poisons Schedule :None PROPERTIES Solid. Does not mix with water. Sinks in water. HAZARD PHRASES WARNING Determined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria 6.4A/H319 6.9/H335 Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. FIRST AID NEW ZEALAND POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE 0800 POISON (0800 764 766) Swallowed: Rinse mouth with water. Eye: Wash with running water. Skin: Wash with water and soap. Inhaled: Fresh air. Rest, keep warm. If breathing shallow, give oxygen. Medical attention. Issue Date: 27/5/2010 Print Date: 6/9/2012 CAS No 13397-24-5 % 98 ap. TWA 10 mg/m³ PRECAUTIONS FOR USE Glasses: Chemical goggles. Respirator: Type AX-P Filter of sufficient capacity Flammability: Does not burn. SAFE HANDLING INFORMATION Storage & Transport: Store in cool, dry, protected area. Spills & Disposal: Avoid dust. Sweep/shovel to safe place. To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use water and detergent. Fire/Explosion Hazard: Toxic smoke/fumes in a fire. Fire Fighting: Keep surrounding area cool. Water spray/fog. ADVICE TO DOCTOR Treat symptomatically. Copyright ChemWatch +613 9572 4700. gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 1 of 20 Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME gypsum STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE Considered a Hazardous Substance according to the criteria of the New Zealand Hazardous Substances New Organisms legislation. Not regulated for transport of Dangerous Goods. OTHER NAMES Ca-S-O6-H4, CaSO4.2H2O, "calcium (II) sulphate dihydrate", "calcium (II) sulfate dihydrate", alabaster, annaline, anhydrite, "calcium (II) sulfate dihydrate (1:1:2)", "precipitated calcium sulfate", "calcium sulphate", "calcium sulfate", citogypsum, "C.I. Pigment White", "desert rose", "FGD gypsum", fluorogypsum, "gypsum stone", "land blaster", "light spar", "magnesia white", "mineral white", "native calcium sulphate", "native calcium sulfate", phosphogypsum, "precipitated calcium sulphate", satinite, "satin spar", selenite, "sulphuric acid, calcium (2+) salt, dihydrate", "sulfuric acid, calcium (2+) salt, dihydrate", "terra alba", titanogypsum PRODUCT USE Used in the manufacture of plaster and Portland cement; in soil treatment to neutralise alkali carbonates and to prevent loss of volatile and dissolved nitrogenous compounds; for the manufacture of Plaster of Paris. Also as a white pigment; artificial white marble; filler or glaze in paints, pharmaceuticals, paper, insecticide dusts, yeast manufacture, water treatment, polishing powders; in the manufacture of sulfuric acid, calcium carbide, ammonium sulfate and porous polymers. SUPPLIER Company: Wesfarmers CSBP Ltd Address: PO Box 345 Kwinana WA, 6167 Australia Telephone: +61 8 9411 8777 Fax: +61 8 9411 8289 Email: [email protected] Website: www.csbp.com.au Company: Sigma- Aldrich Pty Ltd Address: 12 Anella Avenue Castle Hill NSW, 2154 Australia Telephone: +61 2 9841 0555 Telephone: 1800 800 097 Emergency Tel:+44 8701906777 Emergency Tel:1800 448 456 Fax: +61 2 9841 0500 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sigma- aldrich.com Company: Alcoa Address: Point Henry Works, Po Box 460 Geelong VIC, 3220 Australia Telephone: +61 3 5245 1777 Emergency Tel:+61 3 5245 1777 Fax: +61 3 5245 1150 Company: Boral Plasterboard Ltd Address: Locked Bag 3 Port Melbourne VIC, 3207 Australia Company: The Phosphate Co- Operative Of Aust Co. Ltd Address: Seabreeze Parade North Shore Company: Queensland Organics Address: 112 Potassium Street Narangba QLD, 4504 continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 2 of 20 Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION VIC, 3215 Australia Telephone: +61 3 5279 4222 Australia Telephone: +61 7 3203 1379 Fax: +61 7 3203 1425 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.qldorganics.com.au/ Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS Flammability Toxicity Body Contact Reactivity Chronic SCALE: Min/Nil=0 Low=1 Moderate=2 High=3 Extreme=4 GHS Classification Eye Irritation Category 2A STOT - SE Category 3 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW HAZARD WARNING Determined by Chemwatch using GHS/HSNO criteria 6.4A, 6.9. HAZARD STATEMENTS H319 H335 Causes serious eye irritation. May cause respiratory irritation. PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENTS Prevention Code Phrase P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling. P271 Use only outdoors or in a well- ventilated area. P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. Response continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP Code P304+P340 P305+P351+P338 P312 P337+P313 Storage Code P403+P233 P405 Disposal Code P501 CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 3 of 20 Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Phrase IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Phrase Store in a well- ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Store locked up. Phrase Dispose of contents/container to ... Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS NAME gypsum as calcium sulfate Impurities may include: calcium carbonate silica crystalline - quartz inert material CAS RN 13397-24-5 % 98 ap. 7778-18-9 trace 471-34-1 14808-60-7 Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES NEW ZEALAND POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE 0800 POISON (0800 764 766) NZ EMERGENCY SERVICES: 111 SWALLOWED • Immediately give a glass of water. • First aid is not generally required. If in doubt, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor. EYE ■ If this product comes in contact with the eyes: • Wash out immediately with fresh running water. • Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. • Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. • Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. SKIN ■ If skin or hair contact occurs: • Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). • Seek medical attention in event of irritation. INHALED • If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 4 of 20 Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES • Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. • Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid procedures. • Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. • Transport to hospital, or doctor, without delay. NOTES TO PHYSICIAN Treat symptomatically. Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES EXTINGUISHING MEDIA • There is no restriction on the type of extinguisher which may be used. • Use extinguishing media suitable for surrounding area. FIRE FIGHTING • Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. • Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves in the event of a fire. • Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. • Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area. • DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. • Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. • If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire. • Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use. FIRE/EXPLOSION HAZARD • Non combustible. • Not considered a significant fire risk, however containers may burn. Decomposition may produce toxic fumes of: sulfur oxides (SOx), metal oxides. May emit poisonous fumes. May emit corrosive fumes. FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY ■ None known. Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES MINOR SPILLS • Clean up all spills immediately. • Avoid breathing dust and contact with skin and eyes. • Wear protective clothing, gloves, safety glasses and dust respirator. • Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. • Sweep up, shovel up or • Vacuum up (consider explosion-proof machines designed to be grounded during storage and use). • Place spilled material in clean, dry, sealable, labelled container. MAJOR SPILLS Moderate hazard. • CAUTION: Advise personnel in area. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 5 of 20 Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES • Alert Emergency Services and tell them location and nature of hazard. • Control personal contact by wearing protective clothing. • Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. • Recover product wherever possible. • IF DRY: Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. Collect residues and place in sealed plastic bags or other containers for disposal. IF WET: Vacuum/shovel up and place in labelled containers for disposal. • ALWAYS: Wash area down with large amounts of water and prevent runoff into drains. • If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise Emergency Services. Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the MSDS. Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING • Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. • Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. • Use in a well-ventilated area. • Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. • DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked. • DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils. • Avoid contact with incompatible materials. • When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. • Keep containers securely sealed when not in use. • Avoid physical damage to containers. • Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. • Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use. • Use good occupational work practice. • Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this MSDS. • Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained. PACKAGING MATERIAL INCOMPATIBILITIES Chemical Name Container Type " Acetal (Delrinr)" , Aluminum, " Carbon Steel" , " Carpenter 20" , Copper, Nylon, Polyurethane SUITABLE CONTAINER • Polyethylene or polypropylene container. • Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks. STORAGE INCOMPATIBILITY • Metals and their oxides or salts may react violently with chlorine trifluoride and bromine trifluoride. • These trifluorides are hypergolic oxidisers. They ignites on contact (without external source of heat or ignition) with recognised fuels - contact with these materials, following an ambient or slightly elevated temperature, is often violent and may produce ignition. • The state of subdivision may affect the results. Calcium sulfate: • reacts violently with reducing agents, acrolein, alcohols, chlorine trifluoride, diazomethane, ethers, fluorine, hydrazine, hydrazinium perchlorate, hydrogen peroxide, finely divided aluminium or magnesium, peroxyfuroic acid, red phosphorus, sodium acetylide • sensitises most organic azides which are unstable shock- and heat- sensitive explosives continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 6 of 20 Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE • may form explosive materials with 1,3-di(5-tetrazolyl)triazene • is incompatible with glycidol, isopropyl chlorocarbonate, nitrosyl perchlorate, sodium borohydride • is hygroscopic; reacts with water to form gypsum and Plaster of Paris. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS • Store in original containers. • Keep containers securely sealed. • Store in a cool, dry area protected from environmental extremes. • Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. • Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks. • Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this MSDS. For major quantities: • Consider storage in bunded areas - ensure storage areas are isolated from sources of community water (including stormwater, ground water, lakes and streams}. • Ensure that accidental discharge to air or water is the subject of a contingency disaster management plan; this may require consultation with local authorities. _____________________________________________________ SAFE STORAGE WITH OTHER CLASSIFIED CHEMICALS + X + X X + _____________________________________________________ +: May be stored together O: May be stored together with specific preventions X: Must not be stored together Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION EXPOSURE CONTROLS Source Material __________ New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES) __________ gypsum (Calcium sulphate) New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES) calcium carbonate (Calcium carbonate) TWA TWA STEL STEL Peak Peak TWA Notes ppm mg/m³ ppm mg/m³ ppm mg/m³ F/CC ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 10 (a)The value for inhalable dust containing no asbestos and less than 1% free silica. 10 2011 correction; (a)The value for inhalable dust containing no asbestos and less than 1% free silica. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP Source Material __________ __________ New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES) silica crystalline quartz (SilicaCrystalline Quartz) EMERGENCY EXPOSURE LIMITS Material silica crystalline - quartz|21686 CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 7 of 20 Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION TWA TWA STEL STEL Peak Peak TWA Notes ppm mg/m³ ppm mg/m³ ppm mg/m³ F/CC ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 0.2 Respir able dust Revised IDLH Value (mg/m3) 50 2011 correction; Confirmed carcinogen Revised IDLH Value (ppm) MATERIAL DATA CALCIUM SULFATE: GYPSUM: for calcium sulfate: The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against the significant risks of eye, skin and other physical irritation. CALCIUM CARBONATE: GYPSUM: For calcium carbonate: The TLV-TWA is thought to be protective against the significant risk of physical irritation associated with exposure. GYPSUM: SILICA CRYSTALLINE - QUARTZ: Because the margin of safety of the quartz TLV is not known with certainty and given the associated link between silicosis and lung cancer it is recommended that quartz concentrations be maintained as far below the TLV as prudent practices will allow. CALCIUM SULFATE: . SILICA CRYSTALLINE - QUARTZ: The concentration of dust, for application of respirable dust limits, is to be determined from the fraction that penetrates a separator whose size collection efficiency is described by a cumulative log-normal function with a median aerodynamic diameter of 4.0 µm (+-) 0.3 µm and with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5 µm (+-) 0.1 µm, i.e..generally less than 5 µm. WARNING: For inhalation exposure ONLY: This substance has been classified by the ACGIH as A2 Suspected Human Carcinogen. PERSONAL PROTECTION continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 8 of 20 Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION EYE • Safety glasses with side shields. • Chemical goggles. • Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lens or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59], [AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]. HANDS/FEET ■ The selection of the suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Where the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application. The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a final choice. Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: • frequency and duration of contact, • chemical resistance of glove material, • glove thickness and • dexterity Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent). • When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. • When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. • Contaminated gloves should be replaced. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Experience indicates that the following polymers are suitable as glove materials for protection against undissolved, dry solids, where abrasive particles are not present. • polychloroprene • nitrile rubber • butyl rubber • fluorocaoutchouc • polyvinyl chloride Gloves should be examined for wear and/ or degradation constantly. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 9 of 20 Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION OTHER • Overalls. • P.V.C. apron. • Barrier cream. • Skin cleansing cream. • Eye wash unit. RESPIRATOR •Type AX-P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149:2001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent) • Respirators may be necessary when engineering and administrative controls do not adequately prevent exposures. • The decision to use respiratory protection should be based on professional judgment that takes into account toxicity information, exposure measurement data, and frequency and likelihood of the worker's exposure ensure users are not subject to high thermal loads which may result in heat stress or distress due to personal protective equipment (powered, positive flow, full face apparatus may be an option). • Published occupational exposure limits, where they exist, will assist in determining the adequacy of the selected respiratory . These may be government mandated or vendor recommended. • Certified respirators will be useful for protecting workers from inhalation of particulates when properly selected and fit tested as part of a complete respiratory protection program. • Use approved positive flow mask if significant quantities of dust becomes airborne. • Try to avoid creating dust conditions. The local concentration of material, quantity and conditions of use determine the type of personal protective equipment required. For further information consult site specific CHEMWATCH data (if available), or your Occupational Health and Safety Advisor. ENGINEERING CONTROLS ■ Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Welldesigned engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection. The basic types of engineering controls are: Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use. Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure. • Local exhaust ventilation is required where solids are handled as powders or crystals; even when particulates are relatively large, a certain proportion will be powdered by mutual friction. • If in spite of local exhaust an adverse concentration of the substance in air could occur, respiratory protection should be considered. Such protection might consist of: (a): particle dust respirators, if necessary, combined with an absorption cartridge; (b): filter respirators with absorption cartridge or canister of the right type; (c): fresh-air hoods or masks. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 10 of 20 Section 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES APPEARANCE White, or nearly white, odourless powder, lumps or crystals. Slightly soluble in water. Very slowly soluble in glycerol, practically insoluble in most organic solvents. A naturally occurring mineral. Gypsum is moderately water-soluble (~2.0 ? 2.5 g/L at 25 deg C and, in contrast to most other salts, it exhibits a retrograde solubility, becoming less soluble at higher temperatures. As for anhydrite (anhydrous calcium sulfate), its solubility in saline solutions and in brines is also strongly dependent on NaCl concentration. Because gypsum dissolves over time in water, gypsum is rarely found in the form of sand. FGD Gypsum is a unique synthetic product derived from flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) systems at electric power plants. ." The term "synthetic gypsum" has been used widely to encompass materials produced by a variety of industrial processes. In addition to FGD gypsum, synthetic gypsum includes materials such as phosphogypsum, (a byproduct of processing phosphate ore to make phosphoric acid), Titanogypsum (a byproduct from the production of titanium dioxide), fluorogypsum (a byproduct from the production of hydrofluoric acid from fluorspar) and citrogyspum (a byproduct of citric acid production). Gypsum occurs in nature as flattened and often twinned crystals and transparent cleavable masses called selenite. It may also occur in a silky, fibrous form, in which case it is commonly called satin spar. Finally it may also be granular or quite compact. In hand-sized samples, it can be anywhere from transparent to opaque. A very fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of gypsum is called alabaster, and is prized for ornamental work of various sorts. In arid areas, gypsum can occur in a flower-like form typically opaque with embedded sand grains called desert rose. Up to the size of 11 m long, gypsum forms some of the largest crystals found in nature, in the form of selenite. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Solid. Does not mix with water. Sinks in water. State Melting Range (°C) Boiling Range (°C) Flash Point (°C) Decomposition Temp (°C) Autoignition Temp (°C) Upper Explosive Limit (%) Lower Explosive Limit (%) Divided solid 128 loses 1.5 H2O 163 loses 2 H2O Not applicable. Not available. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Volatile Component (%vol) <5 Molecular Weight Viscosity Solubility in water (g/L) pH (1% solution) pH (as supplied) Vapour Pressure (kPa) Specific Gravity (water=1) Relative Vapour Density (air=1) Evaporation Rate 172.17 Not Applicable Partly miscible Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable. 2.32 Not applicable. Not applicable Section 10 - CHEMICAL STABILITY CONDITIONS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABILITY • Presence of incompatible materials. • Product is considered stable. • Hazardous polymerisation will not occur. For incompatible materials - refer to Section 7 - Handling and Storage. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 11 of 20 Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED ■ Sulfates are not well absorbed orally, but can cause diarrhoea. ■ The material has NOT been classified by EC Directives or other classification systems as "harmful by ingestion". This is because of the lack of corroborating animal or human evidence. The material may still be damaging to the health of the individual, following ingestion, especially where pre-existing organ (eg. liver, kidney) damage is evident. Present definitions of harmful or toxic substances are generally based on doses producing mortality rather than those producing morbidity (disease, ill-health). Gastrointestinal tract discomfort may produce nausea and vomiting. In an occupational setting however, ingestion of insignificant quantities is not thought to be cause for concern. EYE ■ This material can cause eye irritation and damage in some persons. SKIN ■ The material is not thought to produce adverse health effects or skin irritation following contact (as classified by EC Directives using animal models). Nevertheless, good hygiene practice requires that exposure be kept to a minimum and that suitable gloves be used in an occupational setting. ■ Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material. ■ Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. ■ Four students received severe hand burns whilst making moulds of their hands with dental plaster substituted for Plaster of Paris. The dental plaster known as "Stone" was a special form of calcium sulfate hemihydrate containing alpha-hemihydrate crystals that provide high compression strength to the moulds. Betahemihydrate (normal Plaster of Paris) does not cause skin burns in similar circumstances. INHALED ■ The material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage. ■ Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. If prior damage to the circulatory or nervous systems has occurred or if kidney damage has been sustained, proper screenings should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk if handling and use of the material result in excessive exposures. CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS Long-term exposure to respiratory irritants may result in disease of the airways involving difficult breathing and related systemic problems. Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or longterm occupational exposure. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray. Inhalation may cause sneezing and coughing, while repeated exposure may lead to laryngitis, pharyngitis, impaired sense of smell and taste, bleeding of the nose and irritation to the tracheal and bronchial membranes. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 12 of 20 Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Simultaneous tobacco smoking is an important factor in the cause of chronic respiratory disease in workers exposed to gypsum dust. [ILO] Constant cleaning of hands to remove gypsum dust may result in skin reactions which may lead to dermatitis. Repeated eye contact may result in continuous blinking, tearing, mild temporary pain, conjunctivitis and chronic rhinitis. TOXICITY AND IRRITATION ■ unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. CALCIUM SULFATE: CALCIUM CARBONATE: GYPSUM: ■ Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ceases. This may be due to a non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of preceding respiratory disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia, have also been included in the criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating substance. Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterised by dyspnea, cough and mucus production. CALCIUM SULFATE: GYPSUM: ■ Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) is a skin, eye, mucous membrane, and respiratory system irritant. Early studies of gypsum miners did not relate pneumoconiosis with chronic exposure to gypsum. Other studies in humans (as well as animals) showed no lung fibrosis produced by natural dusts of calcium sulfate except in the presence of silica. However, a series of studies reported chronic nonspecific respiratory diseases in gypsum industry workers in Gacki, Poland. Unlike other fibers, gypsum is very soluble in the body; its half-life in the lungs has been estimated as minutes. In four healthy men receiving calcium supplementation with calcium sulfate (CaSO4•1/2H2O) (200 or 220 mg) for 22 days, an average absorption of 28.3% was reported. Several feeding studies in pigs on the bioavailability of calcium in calcium supplements, including gypsum, have been conducted. The bioavailability of calcium in gypsum was similar to that for calcitic limestone, oyster shell flour, marble dust, and aragonite, ranging from 85 to 102%. In mice, the i.p. and intragastric LD50 values were 6200 and 4704 mg/kg, respectively, for phosphogypsum (98% CaSO4•H2O). For Plaster of Paris, the values were 4415 and 5824, respectively. In rats, an intragastric LD50 of 9934 mg/kg was reported for phosphogypsum Repeat dose toxicity: In a study of 241 underground male workers employed in four gypsum mines in Nottinghamshire and Sussex for a year (November 1976-December 1977), results of chest X-rays, lung function tests, and respiratory systems suggested an association of the observed lung shadows with the higher quartz content in dust rather than to gypsum; the small round opacities in the lungs were characteristic of silica exposure. Prophylactic examinations of workers in a gypsum extraction and production plant (dust concentration exceeded TLV 2.5- to 10-fold) reported no risk of pneumoconiosis due to gypsum exposure, while another study of gypsum manufacturing plant workers reported that chronic occupational exposure to gypsum dust had resulted in pulmonary ventilatory defect of the restrictive form. Three cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with multiple bullae throughout the lungs were seen in Japanese schoolteachers (lifetime occupation) exposed to chalk; 2/3 of the chalk was made from gypsum and small amounts of silica and other minerals. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 13 of 20 Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION In rats exposed to an aerosol of anhydrous calcium sulfate fibers (15 mg/m3) or a combination of milled and fibrous calcium sulfate (60 mg/m3) six hours per day, five days per week for three weeks, gypsum dust was quickly cleared from the lungs of via dissolution and mechanisms of particle clearance. In guinea pigs given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of gypsum (doses not provided), gypsum was absorbed followed by the dissolution of gypsum in surrounding tissues. In another study, after i.p. injection of gypsum (2 cm3 of a 5 or 10% suspension in saline) into guinea pigs, which were sacrificed at intervals up to 180 days, most of the dust was found distributed in the peritoneum of the anterior abdominal wall. Gypsum dust produced irregular and clustered nodules, which decreased in size over time. Direct administration of WTC PM2.5 [mostly composed of calcium-based compounds, including calcium sulfate (gypsum) and calcium carbonate (calcite)] (10, 32, or 100 µg) into the airways of mice produced mild to moderate lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness at the high dose. [It was noted that WTC PM2.5 is composed of many chemical species and that their interactions may be related with development of airway hyperresponsiveness.] In female SPF Wistar rats intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with anhydrite dust (35 mg) and sacrificed three months later, an increase in total lipid or hydroxyproline content in the lungs was not observed compared to controls. In inhalation (nose-only) experiments in which male F344 rats were exposed to calcium sulfate fiber aerosols (100 mg/m3) for six hours per day, five days per week for three weeks, there were no effects on the number of macrophages per alveolus, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein concentration, or BALF g-glutamyl transpeptidase activity (g-GT). Following three weeks of recovery, nonprotein thiol levels (NPSH), mainly glutathione, were increased in animals. In follow-up experiments, rats were exposed to an aerosol of anhydrous calcium sulfate fibers (15 mg/m3) or a combination of milled and fibrous calcium sulfate (60 mg/m3) for the same duration. Calcium levels in the lungs were similar to those of controls; however, gypsum fibers were detected in the lungs of treated animals. Significant increases in NSPH levels in BALF were observed in rats killed immediately after exposure at both doses and in recovery group animals at the higher dose. At 15 mg/m3, almost all NPSH was lost in macrophages from all treated animals (including those in recovery), but a significant decrease in extracellular g-GT activity was seen only in recovery group animals. Overall, the findings were "considered to be non-pathological local effects due to physical factors related to the shape of the gypsum fibers and not to calcium sulphate per se." Intratracheal administration of man-made calcium sulfate fiber (2.0 mg) once per week for five weeks resulted in no deaths or significant body weight changes in female Syrian hamsters compared to controls. Inflammation (specifically, chronic alveolitis with macrophage and neutrophil aggregation) was observed in the lung. In guinea pigs, inhalation of calcined gypsum dust (1.6 x 104 particles/mL) for 44 hours per week in 5.5 days for two years, followed with or without a recovery period of up to 22 months, produced only minor effects in the lungs. There were 12 of 21 deaths over the entire experimental period. These were due to pneumonia or other pulmonary lesions; however, no significant gross signs of pulmonary disease or nodular or diffuse pneumoconiosis became significant. Beginning near 11 months, pigmentation and atelectasis were seen. During the recovery period, four of ten guinea pigs died; two died of pneumonia. Pigmentation continued in most animals but not atelectasis. Low-grade chronic inflammation, occurring in the first two months, also disappeared. Mercury emissions controls on coal-fired power plants have increased the likelihood of the presence of mercury in synthetic gypsum formed in wet flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) systems and the finished wallboard produced from the FGD gypsum. In a study at a commercial wallboard plant, the raw FGD gypsum, the product stucco (beta form of CaSO4•1/2H2O), and the finished dry wallboard each contained about 1 ug Hg/g dry weight. Total mercury loss from the original FGD gypsum content was about 0.045 g Hg/ton dry gypsum processed Synergistic/Antagonistic Effects: In rats, i.t. administration of anhydrite (5-35 mg) successively and simultaneously with quartz reduced the toxic effect of quartz in lung tissue. This protective effect on quartz toxicity was also seen in guinea pigs; calcined gypsum dust prevented or hindered the development of fibrosis. Natural anhydrite, however, increased the fibrogenic effect of cadmium sulfide in rats. Additionally, calcined gypsum dust had a stimulatory effect on experimental tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Cytotoxicity: In Syrian hamster embryo cells, gypsum (up to 10 ug/cm2) did not induce apoptosis. Negative results were also found in mouse peritoneal macrophages (tested at 150 ug/mL gypsum dust) and in Chinese hamster lung V79-4 cells (tested up to 100 ug/mL). continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 14 of 20 Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION Carcinogenicity: In female Sprague-Dawley rats, i.p. injection of natural anhydrite dusts from German coal mines (doses not provided) induced granulomas; whether gypsum was the causal factor was not established. In Wistar rats, four i.p. injections of gypsum (25 mg each) induced abdominal cavity tumours, mostly sarcomatous mesothelioma, in 5% of animals; first tumour was seen at 546 days. In a subsequent experiment using the same procedure, female Wistar rats exhibited the first tumour at 579 days after the last injection. Mean survival of the tumour-bearing rats (5.7% of test group) was 583 days, while mean survival of the test group was 587 days. Tumour types seen were a sarcoma having cellular polymorphism, a carcinoma, and a reticulosarcoma. Intratracheal administration of man-made calcium sulfate fiber (2.0 mg) once per week for five weeks produced tumours in three of 20 female Syrian hamsters observed two years later. An anaplastic carcinoma was found in the heart, and one dark cell carcinoma was seen in the kidney. Two tumours of unspecified types were observed in the rib. In guinea pigs, inhalation of gypsum (doses not provided) for 24 months produced no lung tumours. In rats, i.t. administration of gypsum (doses not provided in abstract) from FGD for up to 18 months produced no arterial blood gas changes or indications of secondary heart damage as compared to controls. In another study, a single i.t. dose (25 mg) of flue gas gypsum dust did not produce a pathological reaction when observed for up to 18 months. There were also no signs of developing granuloma of fibrosis of the lungs. Lead quickly accumulated in the femur after injection but was eliminated during the observation period. In the Ames test, the flue gas gypsum dust was negative. Genotoxicity: Calcium sulfate (up to 2.5%) was negative in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538 and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D4 with and without metabolic activation. Developmental toxicity: In pregnant mice, rats, and rabbits, daily oral administration of calcium sulfate (161600 mg/kg bw) beginning on gestation day 6 up to 18 produced no effects on maternal body weights, maternal or foetal survival, or nidation; developmental effects were also not seen. GYPSUM: ■ No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search. CALCIUM CARBONATE: TOXICITY Oral (Rat) LD50:6450 mg/kg IRRITATION Skin (rabbit):500 mg/24h- Moderate Eye (rabbit):0.75 mg/24h - SEVERE ■ The material may produce severe irritation to the eye causing pronounced inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis. The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce on contact skin redness, swelling, the production of vesicles, scaling and thickening of the skin. No evidence of carcinogenic properties. No evidence of mutagenic or teratogenic effects. SILICA CRYSTALLINE - QUARTZ: TOXICITY IRRITATION Inhalation (human) LCLo:0.3 mg/m³/10Y Nil Reported Inhalation (human) TCLo:16 mppcf*/8H/17.9Y Inhalation (rat) TCLo:50 mg/m³/6H/71W ■ WARNING: For inhalation exposure ONLY: This substance has been classified by the IARC as Group 1: CARCINOGENIC TO HUMANS. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified occupational exposures to respirable (<5 um) crystalline silica as being carcinogenic to humans . This classification is based on what IARC considered sufficient evidence from epidemiological studies of humans for the carcinogenicity of inhaled silica in the forms of quartz and cristobalite. Crystalline silica is also known to cause silicosis, a noncancerous lung disease. Intermittent exposure produces; focal fibrosis, (pneumoconiosis), cough, dyspnoea, liver tumours. continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 15 of 20 Section 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION * Millions of particles per cubic foot (based on impinger samples counted by light field techniques). NOTE : the physical nature of quartz in the product determines whether it is likely to present a chronic health problem. To be a hazard the material must enter the breathing zone as respirable particles. CARCINOGEN silica crystalline quartz SKIN calcium carbonate International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs Group GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles 1 D1: skin irritation/corrosion 0 Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION SILICA CRYSTALLINE - QUARTZ: CALCIUM CARBONATE: For Metal: Atmospheric Fate - Metal-containing inorganic substances generally have negligible vapour pressure and are not expected to partition to air. Environmental Fate: Environmental processes, such as oxidation, the presence of acids or bases and microbiological processes, may transform insoluble metals to more soluble ionic forms. Environmental processes may enhance bioavailability and may also be important in changing solubilities. Aquatic/Terrestrial Fate: When released to dry soil, most metals will exhibit limited mobility and remain in the upper layer; some will leach locally into ground water and/ or surface water ecosystems when soaked by rain or melt ice. A metal ion is considered infinitely persistent because it cannot degrade further. Once released to surface waters and moist soils their fate depends on solubility and dissociation in water. A significant proportion of dissolved/ sorbed metals will end up in sediments through the settling of suspended particles. The remaining metal ions can then be taken up by aquatic organisms. Ionic species may bind to dissolved ligands or sorb to solid particles in water. Ecotoxicity: Even though many metals show few toxic effects at physiological pH levels, transformation may introduce new or magnified effects. CALCIUM SULFATE: CALCIUM CARBONATE: SILICA CRYSTALLINE - QUARTZ: GYPSUM: DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways. CALCIUM SULFATE: GYPSUM: For Inorganic Sulfate: Environmental Fate - Sulfates can produce a laxative effect at concentrations of 1000 - 1200 mg/liter, but no increase in diarrhea, dehydration or weight loss. The presence of sulfate in drinking-water can also result in a noticeable taste. Sulfate may also contribute to the corrosion of distribution systems. No health-based guideline value for sulfate in drinking water is proposed. Atmospheric Fate: Sulfates are removed from the air by both dry and wet deposition processes. Wet deposition processes including rain-out (a process that occurs within the clouds) and washout (removal by precipitation continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 16 of 20 Section 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION below the clouds) which contribute to the removal of sulfate from the atmosphere. Terrestrial Fate: Soil - In soil, the inorganic sulfates can adsorb to soil particles or leach into surface water and groundwater. Plants - Sodium sulfate is not very toxic to terrestrial plants however; sulfates can be taken up by plants and be incorporated into the parenchyma of the plant. Some plants (e.g. corn and Kochia Scoparia) are capable of accumulating sulfate to concentrations that are potentially toxic to ruminants. Jack pine are the most sensitive plant species. Aquatic Fate: Sulfate in water can also be reduced by sulfate bacteria (Thiobacilli) which use them as a source of energy. In anaerobic environments sulfate is biologically reduced to (hydrogen) sulfide by sulfate reducing bacteria, or incorporated into living organisms as source of sulfur. Sodium sulfate is not reactive in aqueous solution at room temperature. Sodium sulfate will completely dissolve, ionize and distribute across the entire planetary "aquasphere". Some sulfates may eventually be deposited with the majority of sulfates participating in the sulfur cycle in which natural and industrial sodium sulfates are not distinguishable. Ecotoxicity: Significant bioconcentration or bioaccumulation is not expected. Algae are the most sensitive to sodium sulfate and toxicity occurs in bacteria from 2500mg/L. Sulfates are not acutely toxic to fish or invertebrates. Daphnia magna water fleas and fathead minnow appear to be the least sensitive species. Activated sludge showed a very low sensitivity to sodium sulfate. Overall it can be concluded that sodium sulfate has no acute adverse effect on aquatic and sediment dwelling organisms. No data were found for long term toxicity. SILICA CRYSTALLINE - QUARTZ: For Silica: Environmental Fate: Most documentation on the fate of silica in the environment concerns dissolved silica, in the aquatic environment, regardless of origin, (man-made or natural), or structure, (crystalline or amorphous). Terrestrial Fate: Silicon makes up 25.7% of the Earth’s crust, by weight, and is the second most abundant element, being exceeded only by oxygen. Silicon is not found free in nature, but occurs chiefly as the oxide and as silicates. Once released into the environment, no distinction can be made between the initial forms of silica. Aquatic Fate: At normal environmental pH, dissolved silica exists exclusively as monosilicic acid. At pH 9.4, amorphous silica is highly soluble in water. Crystalline silica, in the form of quartz, has low solubility in water. Silicic acid plays an important role in the biological/geological/chemical cycle of silicon, especially in the ocean. Marine organisms such as diatoms, silicoflagellates and radiolarians use silicic acid in their skeletal structures and their skeletal remains leave silica in sea sediment Ecotoxicity: Silicon is important to plant and animal life and is practically non-toxic to fish including zebrafish, and Daphnia magna water fleas. May be harmful to fauna if not disposed of according to Section 13 and legislative requirements. [AMC] Ecotoxicity Ingredient calcium sulfate calcium carbonate silica crystalline - quartz Persistence: Water/Soil HIGH No Data Available No Data Available Persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility No Data Available No Data Available No Data Available LOW HIGH continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 17 of 20 Section 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked. A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate: • Reduction • Reuse • Recycling • Disposal (if all else fails) This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. Shelf life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate. In most instances the supplier of the material should be consulted. • DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains. • It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal. • In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first. • Where in doubt contact the responsible authority. • Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options. • Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal. • Bury residue in an authorised landfill. • Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill. Insure that the disposal of material is carried out in accordance with Hazardous Substances (Disposal) Regulations 2001. Section 14 - TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION HAZCHEM: None NOT REGULATED FOR TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS: UN, IATA, IMDG Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION EPA Approval number This substance is to be managed in accordance with the classification and controls specified in the Hazardous Substances Transfer Notice, 2004, (see table below). This substance may alternatively be managed under the conditions imposed by an applicable Group Standard. HSR No. HSR Name HSR002503 Additives, Process Chemicals and Raw Materials (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 HSR002519 Aerosols (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 HSR002521 Animal Nutritional and Animal Care Products Group Standard 2006 HSR002530 Cleaning Products (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 HSR002535 Compressed Gas Mixtures (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 HSR002544 Construction Products (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 HSR002549 Corrosion Inhibitors (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP HSR002552 HSR002558 HSR002565 HSR002571 HSR002573 HSR002578 HSR002585 HSR002647 HSR002612 HSR002638 HSR002644 HSR002648 HSR002653 HSR002670 HSR002684 HSR100425 HSR002598 HSR002600 HSR002605 HSR002606 CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 18 of 20 Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION Cosmetic Products Group Standard 2006 Dental Products (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Embalming Products (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Fertilisers (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Fire Fighting Chemicals Group Standard 2006 Food Additives and Fragrance Materials (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Fuel Additives (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Reagent Kits Group Standard 2006 Metal Industry Products (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Photographic Chemicals (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Polymers (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Refining Catalysts Group Standard 2006 Solvents (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Surface Coatings and Colourants (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Water Treatment Chemicals (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Pharmaceutical Active Ingredients Group Standard 2010 Leather and Textile products (Corrosive) Group Standard 2006 Leather and Textile Products (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Lubricants (Low Hazard) Group Standard 2006 Lubricants, Lubricant Additives, Coolants and Anti- freeze Agents (Subsidiary Hazard) Group Standard 2006 REGULATIONS gypsum (CAS: 13397-24-5) is found on the following regulatory lists; "International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data", "New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)", "New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)", "OECD List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals", "WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - Chemicals for which guideline values have not been established" Regulations for ingredients calcium sulfate (CAS: 7778-18-9, 10101-41-4) is found on the following regulatory lists; "CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, Unless Otherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP", "International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) - High Production Volume List", "New Zealand Cosmetic Products Group Standard - Schedule 6 Colouring Agents Cosmetic Products May Contain With Restrictions- Table 1: List fo Colouring Agents Allowed for use in Cosmetic Products", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals Classification Data", "New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)", "New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)", "OECD List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals", "WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Chemicals for which guideline values have not been established" calcium carbonate (CAS: 471-34-1, 13397-26-7, 15634-14-7, 1317-65-3) is found on the following regulatory lists; "CODEX General Standard for Food Additives (GSFA) - Additives Permitted for Use in Food in General, Unless Otherwise Specified, in Accordance with GMP", "GESAMP/EHS Composite List - GESAMP Hazard Profiles", "IMO IBC Code Chapter 17: Summary of minimum requirements", "International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) High Production Volume List", "New Zealand Cosmetic Products Group Standard - Schedule 6 Colouring Agents Cosmetic Products May Contain With Restrictions - Table 2: Additional List of Colouring Agents Allowed for Use in Cosmetic Products", "New Zealand Cosmetic Products Group Standard - Schedule 6 Colouring Agents Cosmetic Products May Contain With Restrictions- Table 1: List fo Colouring Agents Allowed for use in continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 19 of 20 Section 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION Cosmetic Products", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data", "New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)", "New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)", "OECD List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals" silica crystalline - quartz (CAS: 14808-60-7, 122304-48-7, 122304-49-8, 12425-26-2, 1317-79-9, 70594-95-5, 87347-84-0) is found on the following regulatory lists; "International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Agents Reviewed by the IARC Monographs", "International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Survey: Transparency List", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Chemicals (single components)", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act Classification of Chemicals", "New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act - Classification of Chemicals - Classification Data", "New Zealand Inventory of Chemicals (NZIoC)", "New Zealand Workplace Exposure Standards (WES)", "OECD List of High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals", "United Nations Consolidated List of Products Whose Consumption and/or Sale Have Been Banned, Withdrawn, Severely Restricted or Not Approved by Governments" Specific advice on controls required for materials used in New Zealand can be found at www.epa.govt.nz/search-databases/Pages/controls-search.aspx Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION NEW ZEALAND POISONS INFORMATION CENTRE 0800 POISON (0800 764 766) NZ EMERGENCY SERVICES: 111 INGREDIENTS WITH MULTIPLE CAS NUMBERS Ingredient Name CAS calcium sulfate 7778-18-9, 10101-41-4 calcium carbonate 471-34-1, 13397-26-7, 15634-14-7, 1317-65-3 silica crystalline - quartz 14808-60-7, 122304-48-7, 122304-49-8, 12425-26-2, 87347-84-0 1317-79-9, 70594-95-5 ■ Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative sources as well as independent review by the Chemwatch Classification committee using available literature references. A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at: www.chemwatch.net/references. ■ The (M)SDS is a Hazard Communication tool and should be used to assist in the Risk Assessment. Many factors determine whether the reported Hazards are Risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may be determined by reference to Exposures Scenarios. Scale of use, frequency of use and current or available engineering controls must be considered. This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, review or criticism, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+61 3) 9572 4700. Issue Date: 27-May-2010 continued... gypsum Hazard Alert Code: MODERATE Chemwatch Material Safety Data Sheet Issue Date: 27-May-2010 C477LP Print Date: 6-Sep-2012 CHEMWATCH 21604 Version No:5.1.1.1 Page 20 of 20 Section 16 - OTHER INFORMATION Usages Agricoles Gypse Le Gypse ( Sulfate de calcium- CaSO4) est l'un de ces matériaux rares qui exécutent dans chacune des trois catégories de traitement de sol : un amendement, un conditionneur, et un engrais. Les conditionneurs de sol, tel que le gypse, sont sérieusement sous-estimés par rapport à l'utilisation d'engrais. M. Arthur Wallace (Docteur en science de Sol et nutrition des Plantes) et le Dr Wallace Garn (Docteur en Biochimie) des laboratoires Wallace à El Segundo, Californie, États-Unis, estiment que si la structure du sol n'est pas correcte, alors rien n'est correcte. Voyons cela à partir de la perspective des plantes. La question décisive dans ce cas là est la DISPONIBILITÉ. Quelles sont les concentrations en sulfate de calcium (nutrition) disponibles pour répondre aux besoins nutritionnels en gypse de la plante? Il en est de même pour le sol. S'il ne reçoit pas de gypse quand il en a besoin, le sol peut devenir compact, empêchant ainsi la pénétration de l'eau et de l'air, il perdra également sa capacité de lixiviation et se saturera avec du sel ou d'autres éléments excessives et nuisibles à la croissance des végétaux et la santé. .Suite a quoi la plante souffre des mauvaises conditions du sol. La mauvaise structure du sol est un facteur limitant majeur dans le rendement des récoltes. Les nombreuses avantages de gypse convergent vers la même conclusion : un rendement plus élevé à un coût minimum. Le gypse améliore les conditions des sols compactes Le gypse peut aider à briser le sol compacté. Le compactage du sol peut être empêché en évitant de labourer ou conduire des machines sur le sol quand il est trop humide. Le compactage dans de nombreux ,mais pas tous les sols, peut être considérablement diminué avec le gypse, en particulier lorsqu'il est combiné avec un profond travail du sol pour briser le compactage. La combinaison avec des amendements organiques est également appréciée en particulier pour la prévention de la réapparition des compactions. (1) Le gypse diminue la masse volumique du sol Le sol traité par le gypse a une masse volumique inferieur à celle des sols non traités. Et quant il est utilisé conjointement avec les produits organiques les résultats sont d'autant plus important. Du coup le sol doux est plus facile à labourer, et les récoltes se voient plus favorisées . (1) Le Gypse aide à préparer le sol pour la gestion sans laboure Une application généreuse de gypse est une bonne procédure de départ pour transformer un lopin de terre par le biais d'une gestion sans labour des sols ou des pâturages. l'amélioration de l'agrégation et la perméabilité des sols persistera pendant des années et les engrais appliquées á la surface auront un accès plus facile à la suite de l'application du gypse. (1) Le gypse empêche l'encroûtement des sols et aides l'émergence des semences Le gypse peut diminuer et prévenir la formation de la croûte sur les surfaces des sols, un effet secondaire des précipitation pluviales ou de l'irrigation par aspersion sur les sols instables. La prévention de la formation de croûte, signifie plus d'émergence de semence, émergence des semences plus rapide, et facilement quelques jours plus tôt la récolte et la commercialisation. L'émergence des semences a souvent été augmenté de 50 à 100 pour cent. La prévention de l'encroûtement dans les sols dépressifs est une réaction de floculation. (1) Le gypse abaisse la perte des engrais d'azote vers l'air Le calcium provenant du gypse peut aider à réduire la perte par volatilisation de l'azote ammoniacal grâce á l'applications d'ammoniac, de nitrate d'ammonium, NAU, urée, sulfate d'ammonium, ou l'un des phosphates d'ammonium. Le calcium peut diminuer le pH efficace en précipitant les carbonates et en formant un complexe de sel de calcium de l'hydroxyde d'ammonium qui empêche les pertes d'ammoniac dans l'atmosphère. En fait le calcium améliore l'absorption d'azote par les racines des plantes en particulier lorsque les plantes sont jeunes. (11) (12) (14) Le gypse aide les plantes á absorber les nutriments des plantes Le calcium, qui est fourni dans le gypse, est essentielle pour les mécanismes biochimiques par lesquels la plupart des éléments nutritifs des plantes sont absorbés par les racines. Sans des concentrations adéquates de calcium, l'utilisation des mécanismes serait vouée à l'échec. (7) Le gypse empêche le ruissellement des eaux et l'érosion Le gypse améliore le taux d'infiltration des eaux dans les sols ainsi que la conductivité hydraulique des sols. Il représente une protection contre l'excès de ruissellement des eaux en particulier les grandes tempêtes qui accompagnent l'érosion. (1) Le gypse diminue l'érosion de poussière L'utilisation du gypse peut diminuer l'érosion éolienne et hydrique des sols. les problèmes sérieux de poussière peuvent être significativement diminués, surtout lorsqu'il est combiné avec l'utilisation de hydro-polymères. Quand les amendements appropriés sont utilisés pour stabiliser le sol, moins de pesticides et de résidus d'éléments nutritifs échapperont de la surface de la terre pour atteindre les lacs et les cours d'eau. Le gypse a plusieurs valeurs environnementales. (1) Le gypse améliore la structure du sol Le gypse fournit le calcium, molécule nécessaire à la floculation des argiles dans le sol. C'est le processus dans lequel de nombreuses petites particules d'argile sont liés ensemble afin de donner beaucoup moins mais plus grosses particules. Cette floculation est nécessaire pour donner la structure du sol favorable pour la croissance des racines et le mouvement de l'air et de l'eau. (1) Gypse améliore la qualité des fruits et empêche certaines maladies des plantes Le calcium est presque toujours à peine suffisant et souvent déficient pour le développement des fruits. Des Fruits de Bonne qualité exigent une quantité adéquate de calcium. Le calcium se déplace très lentement, voire pas du tout, d'une partie de plante à l'autre , et les fruits à la fin du système de transport devient trop petit. Le calcium doit être constamment à la disposition des racines. Dans les sols de pH élevé, le calcium n'est pas suffisamment disponible et, par conséquent, l'utilisation de gypse peut être d'une grande aide. Le gypse est utilisé pour les arachides, qui se développent au-dessous du sol pour prévenir les maladies. Le gypse aide à prévenir le desséchement apical des pastèques et des tomates et les taches amères dans les pommes. Le gypse est préférable à la chaux pour les pommes de terre cultivés dans des sols acides de sorte que la gale peut être contrôlée. La pourriture des racines des arbres d'avocat causée par Phytophthora est en partie contrôlée par le gypse. (9) (17) Le gypse améliore les argiles de gonflement Le gypse peut réduire le gonflement et la fissuration associés à des niveaux élevés de sodium échangeable sur les argiles type-montmorillonite. au fur et á mesure que le sodium est remplacé par le calcium sur ces argiles, elles gonflent moins et ne ferme donc pas les pores des espaces par lesquels l'air, l'eau et les racines se déplacer. (2) Le Gypse Rend les Sols Légèrement Humides plus Facile à Labourer Les sols qui ont été traités avec du gypse ont un éventail plus étanche des niveaux d'humidité du sol où il est sûr de cultiver sans danger de compactage ou défloculation. En outre d'une plus grande facilité pour le travail du sol, une préparation plus effective du lit de semence et le contrôle des mauvaises herbes. Du coup le travail du sol se voit ,énergiquement, moins ardu . (1) Le gypse empêche l'engorgement du Sol Le gypse améliore la capacité des sols à égoutter et prévient l'engorgement grâce à une combinaison de hautes concentrations de sodium, d'argile de gonflement , et d'eau excessive. Les améliorations du taux d'infiltration et la conductivité hydraulique à l'aide de l'utilisation du gypse ajoutent à la capacité des sols à disposer d'un drainage convenable. (2) Gypse contribue à la stabilisation de la matière organique du sol Le gypse est une source de calcium qui représente un important mécanisme de pontage de la matière organique du sol à l'argile présent dans le sol pour stabiliser les agrégats du sol. La valeur de la matière organique appliqué au sol est accru lorsque cette dernière est appliqué avec le gypse. (4) LE gypse accroit la valeur en matières organiques Le gypse ajoute à la valeur des amendements organiques. Les mélanges de gypse et de matières organiques accroissent la valeur des autres amendements du sol, en particulier pour l'amélioration de la structure du sol. Des niveaux élevés de la matière organique du sol sont toujours associés à des concentrations élevées de calcium, élément qui fait partie du gypse. Le calcium diminue l'épuisement de la matière organique du sol quand les sols sont cultivés, grâce au pontage de la matière organique à l'argile. (4) Le gypse corrige l'acidité du sous-sol Le gypse peut améliorer certains sols acides au-delà de ce que la chaux peut faire pour eux. Les croûtes de surface peuvent être évités. Les effets toxiques de l'aluminium soluble en peuvent être diminués, notamment dans le sous-sol où la pénétration de la chaux est limité. Il est alors possible d'approfondir l'enracinement avec les avantages qui en découlent pour les récoltes. Le mécanisme est plus qu'un remplacement des ions d'acides d'hydrogène qui peuvent être lessivés du sol pour obtenir un pH plus élevé. Les ions d'hydrogène ne peuvent pas migrer rapidement dans les sols contenant de l'argile. Il est suggéré que le sulfate provenant du gypse forme un complexe (AIS04 +) avec l'aluminium qui rend l'aluminium non-toxiques. Il est également suggéré que le sulfate réagisse avec les ions hydroxydes du fer pour libérer des ions hydroxyles qui donnent un effet de chaux pour augmenter le pH du sol. Actuellement l'utilisation du gypse pour le traitement des sols acides est une technique très populaire. (1) (6) Le gypse à 17% de sulfate Le gypse à 17% de sulfate, qui constitue la forme sulfurique la plus absorbable par les plantes. Gypse aide á récupérer les sols sodiques Le gypse est utilisé dans la remise en état des sols sodiques. Lorsque le pourcentage de sodium échangeable (ESP) des sols sodiques est trop élevé, il doit être abaissé pour l'amélioration des sols et une meilleure croissance des récoltes. La façon la plus économique consiste à ajouter le gypse qui constitue une source de calcium. Le calcium remplace la tenue en sodium sur les sites de liaison de l'argile. Le sodium peut ensuite être lessivés du sol sous la forme de sulfate de sodium à un évier approprié. Le sulfate est un résidu du gypse. Sans gypse, le sol ne serait pas lixiviables. Parfois, un ESP de trois est trop élevé, alors que d'autre fois jusqu'à dix ou plus peut être toléré. (2) Le gypse diminue les concentrations pH des sols sodiques Le gypse diminue instantanément le pH des sols sodiques ou les sols quasiment sodiques qui se caractérisent par des valeurs souvent supérieures á 9 mais généralement supérieurs á 8 vers des valeurs comprises entre 7,5 à 7,8. Ces valeurs sont compris dans un intervalle acceptable pour la croissance de la plupart des plantes cultivées. Plus d'un seul mécanisme est, probablement, impliqué dans cette réaction. Ca + + réagit avec le bicarbonate pour précipiter le CaCO3 et la libération des protons qui baissent les concentrations de pH. En outre, le niveau de sodium échangeable diminue ce qui réduit l'hydrolyse de l'argile pour former des hydroxydes. Ces réactions peuvent réduire l'incidence de la carence en fer induite de la chaux et du bicarbonate . (3) Gypse rend les conditionneurs des polymère hydrosolubles des sols plus efficace Le gypse complémente ou même amplifie les effets bénéfiques des polymère hydrosolubles utilisés sous forme d'amendements pour améliorer la structure du sol. Comme pour la matière organique, le calcium, qui provient du gypse, est le mécanisme de liaison des polymère hydrosolubles à l'argile dans les sols. (15) Gypse rend le magnésium non-toxique Dans les sols ayant un rapport défavorable en calcium: magnésium, tels que les sols de serpentine, le gypse peut créer un rapport plus favorable. (5) Le gypse améliore l'efficacité de l'utilisation des eaux Le gypse augmente l'efficacité de l'utilisation des eaux par les récoltes. Dans les zones et les périodes de sécheresse, c'est extrêmement important. L'amélioration du taux de l'infiltration des eaux, l'amélioration de la conductivité hydraulique des sols et l'amélioration du stockage des eaux dans le sol constituent la source d'une meilleure efficacité de l'utilisation des eaux . De 25 à I 00 pour cent plus d'eau est disponible dans les sols traités en gypse. (1) Gypse permet l'utilisation des eaux d'irrigation de faible qualité. Le facteur d'efficacité de l'absorption du sodium (RAS) de l'eau d'irrigation devrait être inférieur à 6 pour certaines récoltes et à 9 pour les autres. Quand il dépasse ces limites, le gypse devrait être appliqué au sol ou à l'eau. L'utilisation des eaux usagées municipales récupérées est importante pour la conservation des ressources naturelles. L'eau récupérée peut être utilisé de façon satisfaisante, si des amendements, tels que le gypse et les polymères hydrosolubles, sont également utilisés. Il faut veiller, cependant, d'éviter l'accumulation du sodium dans les couches inférieurs des sols en raison du lessivage excessif si il' y a gonflement des argiles. (16) Le gypse diminue la toxicité des métaux lourds Le calcium est également considéré comme agent régulateur de l'équilibre particulier des micronutriments chez les plantes, tels que le fer, le zinc, le manganèse et le cuivre. Il réglemente également les non-oligo-éléments essentiels ,empêche l'excès d'absorption d'un grand nombre d'entre eux, et, une fois absorbés ,le calcium les empêche d'avoir des effets néfastes quand leurs niveaux de concentration se voient accrus. Le calcium en quantité abondante aide à maintenir un équilibre sain des aliments et des non-aliments au sein des plantes.. (8) Gypse diminue l'effet toxique de la salinité du NaCl Le calcium provenant du gypse a un rôle physiologique dans l'inhibition de l'absorption du Na par les plantes. Pour les espèces de plantes non tolérantes au NA, le Ca protège de la toxicité du NA, mais pas le Cl. (10) Gypse empêche l'argile de s'adhérer aux tubercules et aux racines des récoltes Gypse peut empêcher les particules d'argile de s'adhérer aux racines, des bulbes et tubercules des récoltes tels que les pommes de terre, carottes, l'ail et la betterave. En combinaison avec les polymères hydrosolubles, il est encore plus bénéfique. (15) Gypse contribue à l'épanouissement des vers de terre Un approvisionnement continu en calcium avec des produits organiques est nécessaire pour l'habitat des vers de terre qui améliorent l'aération de sol, améliorent l'agrégation de sol et battent la matière organique avec la fraction inorganique du sol. Le ver de terre peut faire de labourer pour la culture sans labour agrirecolte. (13) - Références 1. Shainberg, I., M.E. Sumner, W.P. Miller, M.P.W. Farina, M.A. Pavan, and M.V Fey, 1989. Use of gypsum on soils: A review, pp. 1-1 I 1. IN: B.A. Stewart (ed.), Advances in Soil Science, Vol. 9, Springer-Verlag New York. 2. Aldrich, D.G., Jr., and W.R. Schoonoever. 195 1. Gypsum and other sulfur materials for soil conditioning. Calif. Agric. Expt. Sta. circular No. 403. 3. Lindsay, W.L. 1979. Chemical equilibria in soils. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 4. Muneer, W., and J.M. Oades. 1989. The role of calcium-organic interactions in soil aggregate stability. El. Mechanisms and models. Aust. J. Soil Res. 27:411-423. 5. Jones, M.B., C.E. Vaughn, and R.S. Harris. 1976. Critical Ca levels and Ca/Mg ratios in Trifolium subterraneium L. grown on serpentine sofl-. Agron. J. 68:756-759. 10. Akhovan-Kharazian, M., W.F. Campbell, J.J. Jurinak, and L.M. Dudley, 199 1. Effects of calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and sodium chloride on leaf nitrogen, nodule weight, and acetylene reduction activity in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Arid Soil Res. Rehabil. 5:97-103. 11. Fenn, L.B., R.M., Taylor, M.L. Binzel, and C.M. Burks. 1991. Calcium stimulation of ammonium absorption in onion. Agron. J. 83:840-843. 12. Fenn, L.B, R.M. Taylor, and C.M. Burks. 1993. Influence of plant age on calcium stimulated ammonium absorption by radish and onion. J. Plant Nutr. 16:1161-1177. 13. Sinnes, A.C. 1979. All about fertilizers, soils and water. Ordio Books, 575 Market Street, San Francisco, CA. 14. Evangelou, V.P. and J. Lumbanraja. 1989. 6. Smyth, T.J. and M.S. Cravo, 1992. Mechanisms of "basis metals" - ammonia Aluminum and calcium constraints to interactions: Field implications, p. 199. continuous crop production in a Braziliam Agronomy Abstracts, ASA, Las Vegas, Amazon Oxisol. Agron. J. 84:843-850. Nevada. 7. Epstein, E. 1961. The essecntial role of 15. Wallace, A., and S.D. Nelson. 1986. calcium in selective cation transport by plant Special issue on soil conditioners. Soil Sci. 141:311-397. cells. Plant Physiol. 36:437-444. 16. Nadler, A., and M. Magaritz, 1986. Long8. Alva, A.K., J.H. Graham, and D.P.H. Tucker. 1993. Role of calcium in amelioration term effects of extensive gypsum amendment applied with sodic water irrigation on the soil of copper phytotoxicty for citrus. Soil Sci. porperties and soil solution chemical 155:211-218. composition. Soil Sci. 142:196-202. 9. Scott, W.D., B.D. McCraw, J.E. Motes, and 17. Shear, C.B. 1979. International M.W. Smith. symposium on calcium nutrition of economic 1993. Application of calcium to soil and crops. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 10:11-501 cultivar affect elemental concentration of watermelon leaf and rind tissue. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 118:201-206.
