Optical Safety Barrier

Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations
when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
Astrium Space Transportation
Patrick FARFAL // November 17-18, 2008
Astrium Space Transportation
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Contents
Rationale
Moving to Optopyrotechnics
Current Safety Regulations in force in Kourou
Number of Safety Barriers
Astrium Space Transportation
Location of Safety Barriers
Nature of Safety Barriers
Optical Safety Barrier: Advantages & Drawbacks
Alternative to OSB: Electro-Mechanical Barrier
Conclusion
Patrick FARFAL // November 17-18, 2008
OVERVIEW
Astrium Space Transportation
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Rationale
Usage of Optopyrotechnics in Space Systems (LVs and S/C) is
motivated (among others) by:
Insensitivity of Optical and Optopyrotechnic Components
to ESD and EMI
Those concerns are of major importance as regards Safety of
people and possessions
Moving to another technology may result in changes in
architectures
The new candidate Architectures and Components resulting from
moving to Optopyrotechnics may be a priori questionable from a
Safety/Safeguard point of view
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p3
Astrium Space Transportation
Moving to Optopyrotechnics
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Electro-Pyrotechnic elementary train
LT
AD
RMV
BSA
Electric Detonator Safe & Arm Device
(Amorce-Détonateur) (Boîtier de Sécurité
et d’Armement)
LT
FT
PyroLine
(Ligne de
Manifold
(Relais Multi-Voies) Transmission)
Terminal Function
(Fonction Terminale)
(Electro-)Opto-Pyrotechnic elementary train
Connectors
Optical
Fibre
DL
Laser
Diode
?
DOP
IOP
FT
OptoPyro
Detonator (DOP)
/ Initiator (IOP)
?
Safe & Arm
Device
(Interception
Barrier)
?
?
Location of the Ultimate Safety Barrier questionable
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p4
Astrium Space Transportation
Moving to Optopyrotechnics (2)
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Electro-Pyrotechnic elementary train
Active Pyrolines
LT
AD
RMV
BSA
Electric Detonator Safe & Arm Device
(Amorce-Détonateur) (Boîtier de Sécurité
et d’Armement)
Primary explosives
LT
FT
PyroLine
(Ligne de
Manifold
(Relais Multi-Voies) Transmission)
Terminal Function
(Fonction Terminale)
(Electro-)Opto-Pyrotechnic elementary train
No Primary Explosives
Connectors
Optical
Fibre
DL
Laser
Diode
?
Passive Optical Fibres
?
Safe & Arm
Device
(Interception
Barrier)
DOP
IOP
FT
OptoPyro
Detonator (DOP)
/ Initiator (IOP)
?
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p5
?
Current Safety Regulations in force in Kourou
Astrium Space Transportation
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
From:
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p6
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Astrium Space Transportation
Current Safety Regulations in force in Kourou (2)
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
From
(cont’d)
Note: also exists EWRS (Eastern-Western Range Safety), dealing w/
Optopyrotechnics
But no Regulations applicable to Optopyrotechnics in Europe
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p7
Astrium Space Transportation
Current Safety Regulations: Practical implementation
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
From CNES DLA: CSG Safeguard Regulations, valid whatever
the life phase:
Requirements regarding the number of Safety Barriers
Fulfilling the FS/FS criterion demands three independant barriers
on any Electro-pyrotechnic train, whatever the life phases
(storage, integration, stand-by, tests…)
Requirements regarding the types of Safety Barriers
The safety Barriers shall be of different types, and one of them
mechanical
The « Command » device may be considered as a Safety Barrier
Requirements regarding the location of Safety Barriers
The Safety Barrier must be located at the nearest of the identified
hazardous sources
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p8
Astrium Space Transportation
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Current Safety Regulations: Practical implementation (2)
One Mechanical Barrier (BSA) and one Electric Barrier (BSE:
Barrière de Sécurité Electrique), together w/ the Command Switch
(CEX: Commande d’Exécution) fulfil FS/FS criterion, since 3
independant events are needed to make the train hazardous:
Loss of BSA control and loss of BSE control and untimely Command
(or external aggression)
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p9
Astrium Space Transportation
Number of Safety Barriers
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
General principle not modified by usage of Optopyrotechnics:
CEX
D
L
BSE
Power
Distribution
Unit
Connectors
Optical
Fibre
Laser
Diode
DOP
IOP
OptoPyro
Device
S&A
Device
Primary Power
(Pyro Battery)
Barriers Control (Command and Monitoring) follows the same
principles as in Olectropyrotechnics
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p10
FT
Astrium Space Transportation
Location of Safety Barriers
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Seen before for CEX and ESB (BSE)
S&A Device
OptoPyro
Detonator (DOP)
/ Initiator (IOP)
Connectors
Optical
Fibre
DL
Laser
Diode
?
S&A
Device
DOP
IOP
FT
X? X?
As soon as:
Optopyro Devices are proven to be no more sensitive than
Terminal Functions (and current items downstream from the
BSA, such as Pyrolines)
Optical Cables cannot capture and drive any amount of
Spurious Light liable to fire the Optopyro Devices
the S&A Device may move upstream close to the Laser Diode
which becomes the source of danger
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p11
Astrium Space Transportation
Nature of Safety Barriers
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
OSB is obviously of mechanical type:
Rotating (Shutter, Cylinder…)
Translating
Optical Switch ?
No darkening device (Variable Optical Attenuator)…
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p12
Astrium Space Transportation
Optical Safety Barrier: Advantages & Drawbacks
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Prevents any lasing, whatever the origin
Nominal (functional) path (untimely command)
or by-passing of the nominal path
Optical Safety
Barrier
(Ultimate)
DL
Laser
Diode
Connectors
Optical
Fibre
DOP
IOP
FT
OptoPyro Device
DL
DOP
IOP
Can intercept several optical paths: reduces nb of pieces of
equipment
Increased nb of optical connectors if outside the Firing Box
(recommended by Range Safety)
Delicate development
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p13
FT
Astrium Space Transportation
Alternative to OSB: Electro-Mechanical Barrier
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Location
OptoPyro
Detonator (DOP)
/ Initiator (IOP)
Connectors
DL
S&A Device:
Electro-Mechanical
Safety Barrier
Optical
Fibre
DOP
IOP
FT
Laser
Diode
Still located at the nearest of the hazardous source
This Electro-Mechanical Safety Barrier does not substitute for the
ESB (principle of 3 Safety levels in series is kept)
Nature
Mechanical (w/ actuator)
Multipole Isolation Switch (in use in several Systems for a few
decades)
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p14
Astrium Space Transportation
Alternative to OSB: Electro-Mechanical Barrier (2)
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
Avantages & Drawbacks
Flight proven
Can intercept several paths
No test of Laser Diodes allowed once the train is assembled (but
DLs of the desired class (1-10 W) are reliable)
Mechanical type questionable: electric? If so, same type for the 3
Safety Barriers
Prevents any inadvertent lasing from the nominal path (untimely
command), but not from by-passing
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p15
Astrium Space Transportation
Conclusion
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.
No Safety Regulations exist in Europe at time for Optopyrotechnic
Subsystems
The simple « copy » of existing practices (e.g. one S&A Device per
Optopyro Device) would lead to complicated and useless
Optopyrotechnic trains
Taking advantage of the high level of Safety of Optopyro Devices
and possibilities offered by Optics,
it is possible to design new Optopyrotechnic architectures that
fulfil the Safety « root » requirements (and especially FS/FS
criterion), meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations
Some work remains to be done, considering:
Feasibility
Overall fulfilment of Safety Regulations, in particular as regards
Reliability and Testability
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p16
CNES – ESA Optopyrotechnics Workshop, IAS, Toulouse
Astrium Space Transportation
Meeting the spirit of Safety Regulations when using Optopyrotechnics on Launch Vehicles
Nov 17-18, 2008
p17
This document is the property of Astrium. It shall not be communicated to third parties without prior written agreement. Its content shall not be disclosed.