Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a hi

ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
05/04/2016
FOULHIOUX Laura
CR : CHEMLI Nyl
Anglais
C. Brandenburger
10 pages
Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
Plan :
A. Chapter 8 : Phrasal verbs
I. Work out
II. Throw something away
III. Phrasal verbs with UP and verbs starting with UP
IV. Log on, log onto something
V. Telephoning
VI. Hold on
B. Chapter 11 : Conditional
I. La conditionnelle : Utilisation de « wish »
II. La conditionnelle : utilisation de « wish » DEGRE 2
III. La conditionnelle : utilisation de « wish » DEGRE 3
C. Chapter 7 : Taking a history
I. Symptoms and pain
II. Aches and symptoms
III. Disease/Illness/Sickness
A. Chapter 8 : Phrasal verbs
I. Work out
3 sens :
–
–
–
faire de l'exercice (sport)
faire des calculs complexes, élaborer un traitement
bien se dérouler, bien se terminer
Study : Read these sentences carefully :
•
I do hope things work out for him. He deserves to be happy.
•
Unfortunately, their marriage didn't work out and they got divorced last year.
•
Everything's going to work out just fine.
•
My trip to London didn't work out the way I'd planned.
Grammar : Which of these are grammatically possible ?
a. Things worked out.
c. Things worked them out.
b. We worked out things.
d. Things didn't work out.
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
Practise :
1. In 3 of these sentences the verb work out is NOT used correctly. Can you find which ones and correct the
mistakes ?
a. Laura and Pete were married for five years, but they didn't work out.
b. I knew I could always go back home if living on my own didn't work out.
c. Will you call me and let me know how things work out ?
d. I wanted a career in politics, and I was disappointed it didn't work.
e. We needn't have worried. Everything didn't work out really well.
Correction : b, c.
a. « they » à remplacer par « their marriage », « things » or « it »
d. work OUT
e. « didn't work out » à remplacer par « worked out »
2. Answer the following question in two different ways, one positive and one negative, using a form of work
out in each answer.
a. How is Liz getting on in her new job ? (to get on = s'en sortir , autre sens possible : vieillir)
Everything is working out fine.
b. How do you like your new boss ?
Things are not working out so well.
Build your vocabulary :
OTHER MEANINGS
If a person works out, they train their body by physical exercise :
• I try to work out in the gym three times a week.
• You look well. Have you been working out ?
A very common related noun is a « workout » (= une seance d'entrainement)
• I did a two-hour workout in the gym.
II. Throw something away = jeter, mettre à la poubelle, se debarrasser
Rappel : To Throw, I threw, thrown
Study : Read these sentences carefully.
•
•
•
•
She threw the letter away without reading it.
Every year the average family throws away two tonnes of waste. (waste = détritus)
Our old PC’s completely useless now. We’ll have to throw it away.
All the fruit had gone bad and had to be thrown away.
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
Grammar : Two of these sentences have a mistake. Find and correct them.
a. She threw her old jacket away.
b. She threw away her old jacket.
c. Has she thrown away it ? → Has she thrown IT away ? (l'ordre importe !)
d. The jacket was thrown away.
e. Was the jacket thrown it away ? → Was the jacket thrown away ? (pas 2 fois le sujet dans la
même phrase)
Practise : Replace the verbs in bold in the article with an appropriate form of the verb throw away and any
other words you need.
•
Do you know how much waste we discard every day ? → throw away
•
Or why we need to stop discarding so much ? → throwing away
•
Here are some facts and figures to think about :
1. In this country we dispose of 400 million tonnes of waste every year. → throw away
2. 30 million tonnes of waste comes from our own homes. This is similar to everybody disposing of 4
times their own body weight. → throwing away
3. Last year we got rid of over a million tonnes of waste electronic and electrical goods. → threw
away
4. 6 trees' worth of paper is discarded every year by each British family → is thrown away
5. 60% of what we discard could be reused od recycled. What are you doing ? → throw away.
Build your vocabulary :
RELATED WORDS : adjective : « throwaway » Pas très fréquent
•
a throwaway napkin = serviette jetable
•
throwaway disposable = jetable / à usage unique (ex : seringues)
III. Phrasal verbs with UP and verbs starting with UP
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
Correction :
7. Starts up
1. Back up (sauvegarder)
8. Set up (monter une affaire, une entreprise)
2. Upgrade
9. Keep up (se tenir informé)
3.
10. Catch up (rattraper le temps perdu), on utilise
make up pour rattraper un créneau horaire
(relativement synonyme)
Free up (libérer)
4. Uploaded (téléchargé)
5. Start up (démarrer)
6. Update (mettre à jour)
11. Build up (constitué) ou made up
IV. Log on ; log onto something = se connecter (à un systeme informatique)
Study : Read these sentences carefully.
•
Can you show me how to log on ?
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Close all programs and log on as a different user.
•
I don't know how to log onto this machine.
•
It's a great website and hundreds of people are logging onto it every day.
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Another user is already logged on to this computer.
Grammar : Which of these are grammatically possible ?
a. I logged on.
d. I logged it on.
b. I logged the computer on.
e. I logged onto it.
c. I logged onto the computer.
f. You are now logged on.
Practise : Complete these sentences with the correct form of log onto something. Use the objects below where
necessary : The system / the Internet / the network
a. Every evening she ___________ to check the news.
→ logs onto the Internet
b. You can’t _____________ without a username and password.
→ log onto the system
c. Press CTRL + ALT + DELETE to ______________.
→ log on
d. If you can’t access the information, try ____________ as « guest user ».
→ logging on
e. I found I couldn’t access my email when I was ___________.
→ logged on (passif)
Build your vocabulary :
RELATED WORDS → Noun : a logon (un identifiant)
•
All successful logons are recorded. There is also the noun login, with the same meaning as logon.
OPPOSITES → Log off (something) and log out (of something) : = se deconnecter
•
If your system is running slowly, try logging off and logging on again.
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
V. Telephoning
1. Phrasal verbs used in connection to phones
To call up sy / to call sy up ; to ring up sy / to ring sy up (sy = somebody) Rappel : To ring, I rang, rung
/!\ en francais le verbe « telephoner » est transitif indirect alors qu'en anglais il est transitif direct
Correct the mistakes
1. I'll phone up to Anna to see if she's free. PAS DE « TO »
2. I rung them up five minutes ago but it was engaged. RUNG → RANG (preterit)
3. Did he rang up you on time ? RANG UP YOU → RING YOU UP
2. Phrasal verbs used in connection to mobiles
Break up ; charge up ; hold on ; speak up ; switch off
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explain to a friend why they couldn’t reach you. My mobile was switched off.
Tell someone the signal is bad and you have difficulty understanding. The signal is breaking up.
Ask someone to speak louder because of background noise. Speak up, I can't hear you.
Ask someone if they have enough power before they leave. Have you charged up ?
Tell someone not to put the phone down while you are looking for a pen. Hold on (the line) ! = Ne
quitte pas
VI. Hold on = attendre, patienter (au telephone en general)
Study : Read these sentences carefully.
•
Hold on a minute. I need to get my coat.
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Can you hold on ? I'll see if Mr Jones is free to take your call.
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Could you ask the caller to hold on while I get my appointments book ?
Grammar : Which of these are grammatically possible ?
a. Hold on.
c. We held on for a few minutes.
b. Hold on the phone.
d. We were held on for a few minutes.
Practise :
1. In which of these situations would you not ask somebody to hold on ?
a. when you want the person on the telephone to wait.
b. when you are in a hurry and somebody is being too slow.
c. when you need to think about the answer to a question.
d. when you agree with what someone has said.
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
2. What could you say in the following situations ? Use hold on in each answer.
a. Your friend is ready to go out, but you need to make a quick phone call → Hold on a minute, I need to make
a quick phone call.
b. The lesson is due to start, but only half the class has arrived. You think it’s better if you wait to see if more
students arrive. → Let's hold on a minute and see if more students arrive.
c. The person you are speaking to on the phone wants to talk to your daughter. She is in another room. → Hold
on a minute, I'll get her.
d. A colleague has just said that food in Britain is terrible. You disagree – you’ve had some excellent meals in
London. → Hold on a minute, I have had some excellent meals in London. (Traduit ici le desaccord « He
attends une minute !»
Build your vocabulary :
SYNONYMS The verbs hang on means the same and is used in the same way, especially in British English :
Hang on, I'll be with you in a minute. (n’est pas utilisable au telephone)
B. Chapter 11 : If I could... I wish I could...
I. La conditionnelle : Utilisation de « wish »
« Wish » reste toujours au présent dans ce contexte. On traite ensuite les degré 2 ou 3 en mettant :
–
wish + prétérit pour le 2ème degré
–
wish + plu perfect pour le 3ème degré
Parfois on utilise « were » au lieu de « was », en particulier quand on dit « si j'étais à votre place » : « If I were
you » à la place de « if I was you ».
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
II. La conditionnelle : utilisation de « wish » DEGRE 2
Imagine how life nowadays could be better.
1. There are too many cars & pollution. (fewer cars)
I wish __________________________________ → I wish there were fewer cars.
2. People drive too fast & there are too many accidents. (more slowly)
I wish __________________________________ → I wish people drove more slowly and there were
fewer accidents.
3. Not enough people use city buses. (more)
My boyfriend wishes ______________________ → My boyfriend wishes people used city buses more.
4. Aerobic is too strenuous (= fatiguant physiquement). (easier)
I wish __________________________________ → I wish aerobic was easier.
Attention, erreur fréquente : On utilise fewer suivi du pluriel et less suivi du singulier !
III. La conditionnelle : utilisation de « wish » DEGRE 3
Imagine all the things that could have been done differently.
1. Ian didn’t do anything at school.
Now Ian whishes _______________________ → Now Ian wishes he hadn't wasted his time.
2. Jean drove too fast & had an accident.
Now, Jean wishes _______________________ → Now, Jean wishes she hadn't driven so fast.
3. Shirley walked to the city. Now she has a lot of shopping bags to carry.
Her boyfriend wishes ____________________ → Her boyfriend wishes she hadn't bought so many
things / he hadn't gone with her
He also wishes _________________________ → they had driven to the city.
4. Fiona didn’t help her sister.
Now she wishes ________________________ → Now she wishes she had helped her.
5. Jeremy didn’t get up in time.
Now, his best friend wishes _______________ → Now, his best friend wishes he had got up in time.
6. Sue messed up her training period.
Her parents wish ________________________ → Her parents wish she hadn't messed up her training
period.
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
Conditional vocabulary list :
to heat = chauffer, rechauffer
up-to-date (adj.) = recent (mis a jour)
to lift a heavy weight = soulever un poids lourd
to update/ an up-date = mettre à jour/ une mise-à-jour
to slip a disc = se faire hernie discale
updated work =oeuvre mise a jour
to fly over the Atlantic = traverser I'Atlantique en
volant
a training period = stage (d'une duree determinee)
to swallow = avaler, deglutir
a trainee = un stagiaire
running water = eau courante
to break down = tomber en panne
to be aware (of sg) = être conscient de, avoir
connaissance de
the Customs = les Douanes
training = formation, apprentissage, entrainement
unbearable = insupportable
C. Chapter 5 : Taking a history
I. Symptoms and pain
•
Asking about symptoms
Pain is one of the commonest symptoms.
For headaches, a doctor would expect to establish most of the features below. Similar questions can be used for
other forms of pain.
Precipitating factors = facteurs declenchants
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
•
Description of pain :
ache = douleur due à l'utilisation d'une partie du corps gnawing = qui ronge
boring = comme un marteau piqueur (drill)
gripping = qui agrippe
scalding = ebouillanter
scalding = qui ébouillante
cramping = crampes
stabbing = comme un coup de poignard
crushing = douleur qui vous terrasse
stinging = qui pique
sharp = aiguë (synonyme = acute)
throbbing = palpitation
dull = sourde
colicky = colique
→ Verbes liés aux douleurs cardiaques : crush, grip, throb
→ Verbes liés aux douleurs de l'estomac : burn, scald, gnaw
II. Aches and Symptoms
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ANGLAIS – Lecture 9 : Phrasal verbs, Conditional, Taking a history
Correction :
6. gnawing
1. pain
7. cramping
2. head
3. sharp
8. shooting = (qui fuse, qui lance des décharges) /
burning
4. reliever = antalgique (to relieve = soulager)
9. throbbing
5. dull
10. back
III. Disease – Illness - Sickness
A word about the differences between disease, illness and sickness :
–
Disease : is something that is objective, away from the norm of health. It's the way doctor sees it with
palpation, or because there's a smell... There are clinical signs to quantify it.
–
Illness : is the way the patient feels in his body, it's more subjective.
–
Sickness : is the way society sees it in terms of status (eg : sick leave = congé maladie), with socioeconomic consequences.
On utilise souvent disease et illness de façon interchangeable même si on ne le devrait pas.
Quand on nomme la maladie on utilise plutôt « disease »: hepatitis is a liver disease.
To feel sick = avoir envie de vomir
to feel ill = se sentir malade
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