Biafra_Biblio[F_Ugochukwu]

Less We Forget – a Bibliography on the Biafra War
Compiled by Françoise Ugochukwu, the Open University (UK)/CNRS-LLACAN, Paris
Unsurprisingly, most of what has so far been published on the Nigerian civil war is in
English, as evidenced in this chapter. Yet, the French involvement in Biafra resulted in a
number of publications on the war, while attracting the attention of the French public to
Nigeria. This in turn encouraged the translation of a number of Nigerian writers – Achebe,
Ekwensi, Adichie, Soyinka and others. This bilingual bibliography – in English & French –
covering the years 1967-2013, brings together works of fiction, essays, memoirs and other
research publications on the war, organised in two separate sections, followed by an
annotated list of relevant websites.
I Publications in English
Works of Fiction
Achebe Chinua, Girls at War and Other Stories, London, Heinemann (1972) 1986, 123p.
Achebe Chinua, Beware Soul Brother, Enugu, Nwamife 1971 / Christmas in Biafra and Other
Poems, New York, Doubleday 1973, 38p.
Acholonu Catherine, The Spring’s Last Drop, Owerri, Totan 1985.
Acholonu Catherine, Into the Heart of Biafra, Owerri, Totan 1986.
Adichie Chimamanda Ngozi, For Love of Biafra, Enugu, Spectrum Books 1998,112 p.
Adichie Chimamanda, Half of a Yellow Sun, London, Fourth Estate 2006, 436p.
Akpan Ntieyong Udo, The Struggle for Secession, 1966-1970; a personal account of the Nigerian
Civil War, London, F. Cass 1972.
Akuneme Charles, I saw Biafra, Lagos, The Book Company 2004, 110p.
Aladeyelu Seun, If our Paths Cross, the Most Horrific Fiction Ever on the Nigerian Civil War,
iUniverse 2003, 168p.
Amadi Elechi, Sunset in Biafra. A Civil War Diary, London, Heinemann 1973.
Amadi Elechi, Peppersoup and The Road to Ibadan, Ibadan, Onibonoje 1977.
Aniebo I.N.C. Rearguard Actions, London, Heinemann 1998, 171p.
Aniebo J.N.C. The Anonymity of Sacrifice, London, Heinemann 1974.
Aniebo J.N.C. “In the Front Line” (short story), Lagos Sunday Times, May 17, 1970.
Aniebo J.N.C. Of Wives, Talismans and the Dead, London, Heinemann 1982.
Azikiwe Nnamdi, Civil War soliloquies: more collections of poems, Nsukka, Africa Book Co. Ltd
1977.
Azuonye, Chukwuma & al, Geditsche aus Biafra [Poetry from Biafra, an illustrated color
brochure, with six other Biafran poets—Akomaye Oko, Uche Okeke, Obiora Udechukwu,
Bons Nwabiani, and Godwin Nwaorgu). Lyrics Series. Heuwid und Berlin: Hermann
Luchterhard 1969.
Clark John Pepper, Casualties: Poems 1966-1968, London, Longman 1970.
Egejuru Phanuel, The Seed Yams Have Been Eaten, London, Heinemann 1983.
Ejoor D.A., Reminiscences, Lagos, Malthouse press 1990.
Ekwensi Cyprian, Divided we stand, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1980, 235p.
Ekwensi Cyprian, Divided we Stand: a novel of the Nigerian Civil War, London, Heinemann 1980.
Ekwensi Cyprian, Survive the peace, London, Heinemann 1976
Ekwuru A. Songs of steel, Walton-on-Thames, Nelson 1980.
Emecheta Buchi, Destination Biafra, London, Heinemann 1982.
Enekwe Ossie, Come Thunder, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1984.
Forsyth Frederick, Emeka, Ibadan, Spectrum Books 1992 (reprint).
Forsyth Frederick, Biafra Story, London, Penguin Books 1969.
Gbulie Ben, The Fall of Biafra, Enugu, Benlie 1989, 322p.
Gold H., Biafra Goodbye, Small private distribution 1970.
Henshaw J.E. Enough Is Enough, Benin City, Ethiope 1976.
Idahosa Patrick, Truth and tragedy (a fighting man’s memoir of the Nigerian civil war), Ibadan,
Heinemann 1989.
Ike Chukwuemeka, Sunset at dawn, a novel about Biafra, London, Fontana 1976.
Iroh Eddie, 48 guns for the General, London, Heinemann 1976, 218p.
Iroh Eddie, Toads of war, London, Heinemann 1979
Iroh Eddie, The Siren in the Night, London, Heinemann 1982.
Iweala Uzodinma, Beasts of No Nation, a Novel, London, John Murray Publishers 2005, 176p. /
New York, Harper-Collins 2006, 142p.
Iyayi F. Heroes, Harlow, Longman 1986.
Jacobs D., The Brutality of Nations, New York, A. Knopf 1987.
Kum’a N’dumbe A. Kafra-Biatanga: tragédie de l’Afrique, Honfleur, Oswald 1973.
Mbachu Dulue, War Games (2005), Lagos, New Gong Publishers 2005, 210 pages
Mezu Sebastian Okechukwu, Behind the rising sun, London, Heinemann 1971.
Mok M. Biafra Journal, New York, TimeLife 1969.
Munonye John, A Wreath for the Maidens, London, Heinemann 1973.
Njoku H. Tragedy without Heroes, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1987.
Njoku Rose, Withstand the Storm: war memoirs of a housewife, Ibadan, Heinemann 1986.
Nwankwo Victor, The Road to Udima, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1985 (translated from
German Der Weg nach Udima, Bonn-Beuel, Afrika-Presse Dienst 1969, R. Bowert & F. J.
Schumann).
Nwapa Flora, Never again, Enugu, Nwamife publishers 1975.
Nwapa Flora, Wives at war and other stories, Enugu, Tana Press 1980.
Nwapa Flora, This is Lagos, Enugu, Tana Press 1971.
Ofoegbu Leslie, Blow the fire, Enugu, Tana Press 1985, 167p.
Okigbo C., Labyrinths with Path of Thunder, New York, Holmes and Meier 1971
Okonta I. and Douglas O., Where Vultures Feast: Forty Years of Shell In the Niger Delta, Sterling
(USA), Stylus 1998.
Okorafor Nnedimma, Biafra, Olympia, Margin: Exploring modern magical realism (1er prix
de la nouvelle 2005), www.angelfire.com/wa2/margin/okorafor2.html
Okpewho Isidore, The Last duty, London, Longman 1976.
Okpi K., Biafra Testament, London, Macmillan 1982.
Omotoso Kole, The Combat, London, Heinemann 1972.
Onwubiko Pauline, Running for cover, Owerri, Kay Bee Cee 1988.
Onwuchekwa J. Biafra: requiem for the dead in war, Port Moresby, Papua Pocket Poets 1970.
Rotimi O. Kurunmi, Ibadan, Oxford University Press 1971.
Saro-Wiwa Ken, On a Darkling Plain. An account of the Nigerian Civil War, London, Saros
International 1989, 268p.
Saro-Wiwa Ken, Sozaboy, a novel in rotten English, Port-Harcourt, Saros international 1985/
Lagos, Longman 1985, 188p. / New York, Longman USA edition 2009, 187p.
Soyinka Wole, A Season of Anomy, London, Rex Collins 1973.
Soyinka Wole, Madmen and Specialists, London, Methuen 1971.
Soyinka Wole, The Man Died: prison notes, London, Rex Collins 1972.
Umeh C. “Double attack”, in G. Henderson (ed), African Theatre, London, Heinemann 1973.
Umelo Rosina, Felicia, London, Macmillan 1978.
Umweni Samuel Enadeghe, 888 Days in Biafra, iUniverse.com 2007, 236p.
Wonodi O. Dusts of Exile, Ife, Pan-African Pocket Poets 1971.
Literary Criticism
1) Books
Emenyonu, Ernest, War in African Literature Today, special issue, African Literature Today 26,
2008, 176p.
Ezeigbo Akachi, Fact and Fiction in the Literature of the Nigerian Civil War, Unity publishing &
research 1991, 202p.
McLuckie C. Nigerian Civil War Literature: seeking an ‘imagined community’, Lewiston, Mellen
Press 1990, 163p.
Njoku Johnston Akuma Kalu, Enyi Biafra: Regimental Drills, Duty Songs, and Cadences from
Biafra, Owerri, Goldline & Jacobs Publishers 2009, 49p. & CD.
Nwahunanya Chinyere (ed), A Harvest from Tragedy: Critical Perspectives on Nigerian Civil War
Literature, Owerri, Springfield, 1997
Obafemi Olu, Nigerian Writers on the Nigerian Civil War: anguish, commitment, catharsis, J. Olu
Olatiregun 1992, 77p.
Otokunefor Henrietta & Nwodo Obiageli, Nigerian female writers. A critical perspective, Lagos,
Malthouse Press 1989, 160p.
2) Refereed articles
Adams A.M. “It’s a woman’s war. Engendering conflict in Buchi Emecheta’s Destination
Biafra”, Callaloo 24(1), 2001 pp.287-300.
Adimora-Ezeigbo Akachi, “From the Horse’s Mouth. The Politics of Remembrance in
Women’s Writing on the Nigerian Civil War”, Matatu 29-30, 2005 pp.221-230
Agu O. “Songs and war: the mixed messages of Biafran war songs”, African Languages &
Cultures 4 (1), 1991 pp.5-19.
Amuta Chidi, “Literature of the Nigerian Civil War”, in Y. Ogunbuyi (Ed), Perspectives on
Nigerian Literature: 1700 to the present vol. I, Lagos, Guardian Books 1988 pp.85-91.
Amuta Chidi, “History, society and heroism in the Nigerian War novel”, Kunapipi 6 (3), 1984
pp.57-70.
Amuta Chidi, “The Nigerian Civil War and the evolution of Nigerian Literature”, in Wylie
Hal & al, Contemporary African Literature, Washington, Three Continents & African Literature
Association 1983 pp.83-93.
Armstrong A. “Speaking through the wound: irruption and memory in the writing of Ben
Okri and Festus Iyayi”, Journal of African Cultural Studies 13 (2), 2000 pp.173-183.
Asein S. O. “Literature as history: crisis, violence and strategies of commitment in Nigerian
writing”, in D. I. Nwoga (ed), Literature & Modern West African Culture, Benin-City, Ethiope
1978.
Bryce Jane, “Conflict and contradiction in women’s writing on the Nigerian Civil War”,
African Languages and Cultures 4 (10), 1991 pp.29-42.
Chinweizu I., “African War novels: waiting for the masterpiece”, South 1982 p.82.
Croft J. “Beware Soul Brother and the Nigerian Civil War”, Literary Half-Yearly 21 (1), 1980
pp.92-101.
Draper Michael I., Shadows: Airlift and Air war in Biafra and Nigeria 1967-1970, Quid 2004
p.1230.
Eke M.N. “The novel Sozaboy: a novel in rotten English”, in C. W. McLuckie & A. McPhail
(Eds), Ken Saro-Wiwa, Writer and Political Activist, Rienner, Boulder 1999 pp.87-106.
Elimimian I.I. “The theme of violence and protest in J. P. Clark’s poetry”, Concerning Poetry 17
(2), 1984 pp.73-87.
Emenyonu E. “The Nigerian Civil War and the Nigerian novel: the writer as historical
witness”, in E. Emenyonu (Ed), Studies on the Nigerian novel, Ibadan, Heinemann 1991.
Ezeigbo A., “Vision and revision: Flora Nwapa and the fiction of war”, in M. Umeh (Ed),
Emerging Perspectives on Flora Nwapa, Trenton N.J., Africa World Press 1998.
Feuser W., “Anomy and beyond: Nigeria’s Civil War in literature”, Culture & Développement
16, 1984 pp.783-820 / Présence africaine 137-138, 1986 pp.113-151.
Feuser W., “Nothing puzzles God’: Chinua Achebe’s war stories”, Matatu: Journal for African
Culture & Society 23-24, 2001 pp.65-72.
Feuser W., “A farewell to the rising sun: post-Civil War writings from Eastern Nigeria”, Books
Abroad 49, 1975 pp.40-49.
Feuser W., “Nigerian Civil War in fiction”, New Literature Review 11, 1982 pp.6-20.
Furniss Graham, “Hausa Poetry on the Nigerian Civil War”, African Languages & Cultures
4(1), 1991 pp.21-28.
Hall K.G. “Stories of the Nigerian Civil War in The Insider”, Bulletin of the Association for
Commonwealth Literature & Language Studies 10, 1972 pp. 71-77.
Hawley John C., Biafra as Heritage and Symbol: Adichie, Mbachu, and Iweala, Research in
African Literature 39(2), 2008 pp. 15-26
Iheakaram P.O. “Life and fiction: a study of Aniebo’s The Anonymity of sacrifice”, Journal of
African Studies 7, 1980 pp.180-181.
Ikibie R., “How Muse inspired Iroh”, Lagos, Daily Times, 15th September 1979.
Ikiddeh I. “Literature and the Nigerian Civil War”, in Gachukia, Eddah-Akivaga & Johnson
A.C. “Sunset at dawn: a Biafran on the Nigerian Civil War”, African Literature today 11, 1980
pp.149-160.
Kichamu S., Teaching of African Literature in Schools, Nairobi, Literature Bureau 1978 pp.149162.
Lodge T. Nigerian Literature and the Civil War, Work in progress 5, 1978 pp.21-58.
McLuckie C. Literary memoirs of the Nigerian Civil War, Matatu 23-24, 2001 pp.21-39.
McLuckie C., A preliminary checklist of primary and secondary sources on Nigerian Civil
War/Biafran War Literature, RAL 18 (4), 1987 pp.510-527
Neogy R., “On Biafra. A conversation with Chinua Achebe”, Transition 75-76, 1997 pp.222231.
Ndibe Okey, My Biafran Eyes, Guernica, a magazine of arts and politics, August 2007
Niven A. “Achebe and Okri: contrasts in the response to Civil War”, in J. Bardolph (ed), Short
fiction in the new literatures in English, Nice, Faculté de Lettres & Sciences humaines, Université
de Nice 1989 pp.277-283.
Nwachukwu-Agbada J.O., Lore from fiction: Praise and protest in Biafran war songs,
Anthropos 91(4-6), 1996 pp. 525-534.
Nwahunanya Chinyere, “The Aesthetics of Nigerian War fiction”, Modern Fiction Studies
37(3), 1991 pp.427-443
Ogede Ode S., Exile and the female imagination. The Nigerian Civil War, Western ideology
(feminism) and the poetry of Catherine Acholonu”, Neohelicon 26(1) 1988 pp.125-134.
Oha O. « Never again? A critical reading of Flora Nwapa’s Never again, in M. Umeh (Ed),
Emerging Perspectives on Flora Nwapa, Trenton N.J., Africa World Press 1998.
Ojo-Ade F. “Women and the Nigerian Civil War: Buchi Emecheta and Flora Nwapa”, Études
germano-africaines : Revue annuelle de germanistique africaine 6, 1988 pp.75-86.
Okunonye O. “Post-Civil War Nigerian poetry: the Ibadan experience”, Africa: Rivista
Trimestrale di Studi e Documentazione dell’Instituto Italo-Africano 53 (2), 1998 pp.266-275.
Okuyade Ogaga, ‘Of the Versification of Pain: Nigerian Civil War Poetry’, in Ernest
Emenyonu (ed.), War in African Literature Today, special issue, African Literature Today 26:128136, 2008
Omotoso K. “Civil War: the most important theme”, Lagos, Guardian, October 6, 1981 p.18.
Osuntokun Akinjide, Review of literature on the civil war, in T. Tamino & S. Ukpabi (Eds),
Nigeria since Independence vol.VI: The Civil War Years, 1989.
Pape M. “Nigerian War Literature by women: from Civil War to Gender War”, Matatu:
Journal for African Culture & Society 29-30, 2005 pp.231-241.
Porter A.M. “They were there, too: women and civil war(s) in Destination Biafra”, in M. Umeh
(ed), Emerging Perspectives on Buchi Emecheta, Trenton, Africa World Press 1996 pp.313-332.
Ravenscroft Arthur, “The Nigerian Civil War in Nigerian Literature”, in Maes-Jellnek (ed),
Commonwealth Literature and the Modern World, Bruxelles, Librairie Marcel Didier 1975 pp.105113.
Sesay K. “Ekwensi and Okpewho on the Nigerian Civil War”, African Literature today 9, 1978
pp.99-103.
Skinner N. & Galadanci K. “War Soja – a Hausa poem on the Civil War”, in W.L. Ballard.,
Essays on African Literature, Atlanta, School of Arts & Sciences, Georgia State University 1973
pp.97-125.
Thomas P. “Ibo Poetry in English since the end of the Nigerian Civil War”, Books Abroad 48,
1974 pp.34-41.
Uraizee j. “Fragmented borders and female boundary markers in Buchi Emecheta’s
Destination Biafra”, M/MLA: the Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 30 (1-2)
1991 pp.16-28.
Wiseberg Laurie S., An emerging literature: studies of the Nigerian Civil War, African Studies
Review 18(1), 1975 pp.117-126.
Woodroffe N. “Songs of Thunder: the Biafran War in the poetry of Chinua Achebe and
Christopher Okigbo”, Commonwealth Essays & Studies 10 (20, 1988 pp.80-87.
Studies on History
1) Books
Achebe Chinua, There Was a Country: a Personal History of Biafra, London, Penguin Books 2012,
333p.
Achuzia Joe O.G., Requiem Biafra, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1986.
Ademoyega Adewale, Why We Struck. The Story of the First Nigerian Coup, Ibadan, Evans 1981,
194p.
Adewusi Richie, Biafra, Lest we Forget, Bloomington, AuthorHouse 2010, 120p.
Ahazuem Jones, A Social History of the Nigerian Civil War: perspectives from below, Lit Verlag
1997, 256p.
Akinyemi Bolaji, The British Press and the Nigerian Civil War: the godfather complex,
Oxford/Ibadan, University Press 1979.
Akpan Ntieyong, The Struggle for Secession 1966-1970: a personal account of the Nigerian Civil
War, London, Routledge 1972, 225p.
Alade R.B., Broken Bridge (Reflections and experience of a medical doctor during the Nigerian Civil
War, Caxton press 1975.
Aneke Luke Nnaemeka, The Untold Story of the Nigeria-Biafra War, New York, Triumph
Publishing 2007, 756p.
Arinze Josh, Moral Anguish: Richard Nixon and the Challenge of Biafra, Amazon, Kindle books
2012, 290kb/166p. ASIN: B005AK2ZAS
Asika Ukpabi, No victors, no Vanquished, Enugu, East Central State Information Service 1968.
Awolowo Obafemi, Awo on the Nigerian Civil War, Ikeja, J. West Publications 1982, 140p.
Azikiwe Nnamdi, Origins of the Nigerian Civil War, Apapa, Nigerian National Press 1969.
Azikiwe Nnamdi, Peace proposals for ending the Nigerian Civil War: address delivered at Rhodes
House, Oxford on 16th February 1969, London, Colusco 1969.
Balogun Ola, The tragic years: Nigeria in crisis, 1966-1970, Benin-City, Ethiope 1973.
Cervenka Zdeenek, The Nigerian War 1967-1970. History of the war; selected bibliography and
documents, Frankfurt am Main, Bernard & Graele Verlag fur Wherwesen 1971, 439p.
Chima Alex, Future lies in a progressive Biafra: a socio-economic history of the republic of Biafra,
London, Alex Chima 1968.
Cohen Robin, ‘A greater south’: or what might have happened in the Nigerian civil war, University
of Birmingham, Faculty of Commerce & Social Science Series C 22, 1971, 30p.
Collis William Robert, Nigeria in Conflict, London, Secker & Warburg 1970.
Critchley Julian, The Nigerian Civil War: the defeat of Biafra, crisis paper, Atlantic information
centre for teachers 1969, 27p.
Cronje Suzanne, The World and Nigeria: the diplomatic history of the Biafran War 1967-1970,
London, Sidgwick & Jackson 1972, 409p.
East-Central State (Nigeria), Ministry of Works, Housing and Transport, Report on war
damages to roads, bridges, waterworks and equipment in the East Central State, Enugu, Government
Printer 1970.
Eastern Nigeria, Ministry of Information, Nigerian Crisis 1966 (Eastern Nigeria viewpoint),
Enugu, Eastern Nigeria, Ministry of Information 1966.
Effiong, Phillip, Nigeria and Biafra: My Story, Princeton, NJ: Sungai Publishers 2004, 414 p.
Ekwe-Ekwe Herbert, The Biafra War: Nigeria and the Aftermath, Lewiston, NY, Mellen Press
1980.
Ekwe-Ekwe Herbert, Biafra Revisited, Dakar, African Renaissance 2006, 188p.
Enonchong Charles, I know Who Killed Major Nzeogwu! An Investigation into the Most Secret
Cover-up of the Nigerian Civil War, Lagos, Century 1991.
Essien Jeremiah Moses, In the Shadow of Death: Personal Recollections of Events during the
Nigerian Civil War, London, Heinemann 1987, 174p.
Ezeani Emefiena, In Biafra Africa Died – The Diplomatic Plot, London, Veritas Lumen 2012,
284p.
Forsyth Frederick, The Making of a Nation: the Biafran Story, Baltimore, Penguin Books 1969.
Gbulie Ben, Nigeria’s Five Majors: Coup d’État of 15th January1966, Onitsha, Africana
Educational Publishers 1981.
Gbulie Ben, The Fall of Biafra, Enugu, Benlie 1989.
Gould Michael, The Struggle for Modern Nigeria: The Biafran War 1966-1970, London, I.B. Tauris
2012, 258p.
Graham-Douglas Nabo, Ojukwu’s rebellion and world opinion, London, Galitzine, Chant,
Russell & Partners 1968.
Harneit-Sievers Axel, Ahazuem Jones O. & Emezue Sydney, Social History of the Nigerian Civil
War: Perspectives from Below, Lit Verlag 1997, 256 pages
Igbokwe Joe, Igbos, twenty-five years after Biafra, Ikoyi, Advent Communications 1995, 114p.
Jacobs Dan, The Brutality of nations, New York, Alfred A. Knopf 1987, 383p.
Jorre John (de St), The Nigerian Civil War, London, Hodder & Stoughton 1972, 448p./ The
Brothers’ War: Biafra and Nigeria, Boston, Houghton Mifflin 1972.
Kastfelt Niels, Religion and African Civil Wars, London, Palgrave Macmillan 2005, 288p.
Kirk-Greene A.H.M., Crisis & Conflict in Nigeria: a Documentary Sourcebook, London, Oxford
University Press 1971 vol.1 & 2.
Kirk-Greene A.H.M., The Genesis of the Nigerian & the Theory of Fear, Research Report 27,
Uppsala, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies 1975, 30p.
Kronick van Afrika: 1968 – Biafra, Leiden, Afrika Studiecentrum 1968, 81p.
Lloyd Hugh G. & al, The Nordchurchaid airlift to Biafra, 1968-1970. An operations report,
Copenhagen, 1150 Kobenhavn K., Folkekirkens Nodhjalp, Eksp: Kobmagergade 26, 1972.
Madiebo Alexander, The Nigerian Revolution and the Biafran War, Enugu, Fourth Dimension
1980, 411p.
Mainasara A.M., The Five Majors: why they struck, Zaria, Hudahuda Publishing, 1982.
Melville Kirsty, The Involvement of France and Francophone West Africa in the Nigerian Civil War,
School of Human Communication, Murdoch University 1969, 65p.
Mok Michael, Biafra Journal, New York, Time-Life Books 1969.
Muffett J., Let Truth Be Told: the Coups d’État of 1966, Zaria, Hudahuda Publishing, 1982.
Nafziger E. Wayne, The Economics of Political Instability: the Nigerian-Biafran war, Boulder,
Westview Press 1983.
Niven Rex, The War of Nigerian Unity, London, Evans 1970.
Nwankwo Arthur & Ifejika Samuel, The Making of a Nation, London, Hurst 1969.
Nwankwo Arthur, Nigeria: the Challenge of Biafra, London, Rex Collins 1972.
Nweke G. Aforka, External Intervention in African Conflicts: French-speaking West Africa in the
Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970, Boston University, African Studies Centre 1976.
Nwigwe Henry, Nigeria – the Fall of the First Republic, London, Motorchild Press 1972.
Nzimiro Ikenna, The Nigerian Civil war: a study in class conflict, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1982,
320p.
O’Malley Patrick, ‘no such country’: footnotes on the Nigerian Civil War, University of Malawi,
History Dept, Zomba 1984, 15p.
Obasanjo Olusegun, My Command: an account of the Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970, Ibadan,
Heinemann 1979, 177p.
Obasanjo Olusegun, Nzeogwu: an intimate portrait of Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu, Ibadan,
Spectrum Books 1987.
Obasanjo Olusegun, Not my Will, Ibadan, University Press 1990.
Obi-Ani Paul, Post-Civil War Social and Economic Reconstruction of Igboland: 1970-1983, Enugu,
Mikon Press 1998.
Obikeze Dan & Mere Ada, Children and the Nigerian Civil War: a study of the rehabilitation
programme for war-displaced children, Nsukka, University of Nigeria Press 1985, 208p.
Obiozor George, The United States and the Nigerian Civil War: an American dilemma in Africa,
1966-1970, Nigerian Institute of International Affairs 1993, 105p.
Odogwu B., No Place to Hide: Crises and Conflicts inside Biafra, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1985
(reprint), 284p.
Ogbemudia S.O., Years of challenge, Ibadan, Heinemann 1991.
Ogbudinkpa Nwabeze Reuben, The Economics of the Nigerian Civil War and its prospects for
national development, Enugu, Fourth Dimension 1985, 101p.
Ojukwu Odumegwu, Biafra: Selected Speeches and random thoughts of Odumegwu Ojukwu, with
Diaries of Events, New York, Harper & Row 1969.
Ojukwu Odumegwu, Principles of the Biafran Revolution, Cambridge, Mass, Biafra Review
1969.
Ojukwu Odumegwu, Because I am involved, Ibadan, Spectrum Books 1989.
Okocha Emmanuel, Blood on the Niger: the first black on black genocide; the untold story of the
Asaba massacre in the Nigerian Civil War, TriAtlantic Books 2006.
Okpaku Joseph (Ed), Nigeria: Dilemma of Nationhood; an African Analysis of the Biafran Conflict,
Westport, Greenwood Press 1970.
Oluleye J., Military Leadership in Nigeria 1966-1979, Ibadan, University Press 1985 (ch.1-11).
Onwudiwe Eghosa & al, The Nigerian Civil War and its aftermath, John Archers Publishers 2002.
Opia Eric Agume, Biafra? Aburi, prelude to Biafran Tragedy, San Raphael, Calif., Leswing Press
c.1972.
Osaghae Eghosa (1998), Nigeria since Independence. Crippled Giant (chapter 3), London, Hurst,
342p.
Ofomata G.E.K. & Uwazurike Chudi (Eds), A Survey of the Igbo Nation vol. 2, part IV: Biafra as
History pp.679-835 ch.26-29, Mason & Kpuff 2010/New York, Seaburn 2012, 1096p.
Okocha Emma, Blood on the Niger: the First Black on Black Genocide – the Untold Story of the
Asaba Massacre during the Nigerian Civil War, New York, Transatlantic Books 2004, 321p.
Oyewẹsọ Siyan (Ed), Perspectives on the Nigerian Civil War, Ojokoro, Lagos, OAP 1992, 358p.
Ozalla M. Odogwu, Ojukwu’s New Type Democracy, Lagos, Committee of Ibo Intellectuals
1969.
Ozalla M. Odogwu, Ojukwu’s ‘Self-Determination’, a Reappraisal in the Light of International
Politics, Apapa, Nigerian National Press 1969.
Panter-Brick S.K. (Ed), Nigerian Politics and Military Rule: Prelude to the Civil War, University of
London 1970
Parise Godeffredo, Biafra, Milano, Libreria Feltrinelli 1968.
Saro-Wiwa Ken, Genocide in Nigeria: The Ogoni tragedy, London/Lagos, Saros International
1992
Schabowska Henryka & Himmelstrand Ulf, Afrika Reports on the Nigerian Crisis; News,
Attitudes and Background Information: a Study of Press Performance, Government Attitude to Biafra
and Ethno-Political Integration, Uppsala, Scandinavian Institute of African Studies / New York,
Africana Publishing Company 1978
Sherman John, War Stories: A Memoir of Nigeria and Biafra, Indianapolis, Mesa Verde Press
2002, 122 p.
Shiels Frederick (Ed), Ethnic Separatism and World Politics, Lanham, University Press of
America c.1984.
Smock Audrey, Ibo Politics: the Role of Ethnic Unions in Eastern Nigeria, Cambridge, Harvard
University Press 1971.
Steiner Rolf, The Last Adventurer, from Biafra to the Sudan, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson
1976, 275p. (Translated from the French by Steve Cox).
Stremlau John, International Politics of the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970, Princeton University
Press 1977.
Sullivan John, Breadless Biafra, Dayton, Ohio, Pflaum Press 1969.
Thompson Joseph, American Policy and African Famine: the Nigeria-Biafra War, 1966-1970, New
York, Greenwood Press 1990, 200p.
Uchendu Ugodi, Women and Conflict in the Nigerian Civil War, Trenton (USA), Africa World
Press 2006, 307p.
Ugobelu Egbebelu, Biafra War Revisited: a Concise Account of Events that Led to the Nigerian civil
War, Atlanta, ProPrints of Atlanta 1992, 140p.
Uku Skyne R., The Pan-African Movement and the Nigerian Civil War, New York, Vantage 1978,
106p.
United States Congress House, Committee on Foreign Affairs, Sub-Committee on Africa,
Report of the Special Coordinator for Nigerian Relief, Hearing, 91st Congress, first session, April 24,
1969, Washington, US Government Print, 1969.
Urhobo Emmanuel, Relief Operations in the Nigerian Civil War, Ibadan, Daystar Press 1978.
Uzokwe Alfred Obiora, Surviving in Biafra: the Story of the Nigerian Civil War. Over two million
died, San Jose, Writers’ Advantage 2003, 248p.
Uwanaka Charles U., Nigerian Civil War: Causes, Events (1956-1967), Ebute-Metta, De Mediator
Press 1981.
Uwechue R., Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War: Facing the Future, with forewords by
Nnamdi Azikiwe & Leopold Sedar Senghor, New York, Africana Publish. Corp. 1971.
Uwechue R., Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War: Facing the Future, New York, Holmes and
Meier1969 / Victoria, Strafford 2004, 244p. (Reprint).
Uwechue R., Reflections on the Nigerian Civil War: A Call for Realism, OITH International 1969,
190p.
Waugh Auberon, Biafra: Britain’s Shame, London, Joseph 1969.
Wiseberg Laurie S., The International Politics of Relief: a Case Study of the Relief Operations
Mounted during the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970), Los Angeles, University of California 1973.
2) Refereed articles
A case study of Ore women victims of Biafra war in Nigeria between 1966 to 1970, Women’s
World 34 p.29, 1999 (no recorded author).
Akeju Rufus, Self-determination denied: the tragedy that was Biafra, International Interactions
6 (1), 1979 pp.43-71.
Aligwekwe E., Biafra: Reflections on the nation-state in sub-Saharan Africa, Insight & Opinion
3, 1968 pp.41-45
Awty, M. D. & Banks P., Treatment of maxillofacial casualties in the Nigerian civil war. Oral
surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology 1971, 31 (1) pp. 4-18
Bamisaiye Adepitan, The Nigerian Civil War in the International Press. Transition 44, 1974
pp.30-35.
Booker Keith, Biafra, Republic of, in Booker K. (ed), The Chinua Achebe Encyclopedia, Westport,
Greenwood 2003 pp.44-45.
Booker Keith, Nigerian Civil War, in Booker K. (ed), The Chinua Achebe Encyclopedia, Westport,
Greenwood 2003 pp.173-174.
Burgess R., Crisis and Renewal: Civil War Revival and the New Pentecostal Churches in
Nigeria’s Igboland, Pneuma, The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies 24(2), 2002 pp.205224.
Diamond S., Who killed Biafra? Kroniek van Africa 1970 pp.45-61
Draper Michael I., Shadows: Airlift and Air war in Biafra and Nigeria 1967-1970, Quid 2004,
p.1230.
Goetz Nathaniel H., Humanitarian issues in the Biafra conflict, New Issues in Refugee Research,
Working Paper No. 36, Pepperdine University, School of Public Policy, California, April
2001, http://www.jha.ac/articles/u036.htm
Hughes S. P. F, Malnutrition in the Field. Nigerian Civil War 1968-9, British Medical Journal
(BMJ) 1969 (2) pp.436-438 (17 May)
Ijalaye David A. Was "Biafra" at Any Time a State in International Law?
The American
Journal of International Law, Vol. 65 (3), 1971 pp. 551-559.
Jordan Smith Daniel, “Legacies of Biafra: Marriage, ‘Home People’ and Reproduction among
the Igbo of Nigeria”, Africa 75 (1) 2005 pp.30-45
Kirk-Green A., The Genesis of the Nigerian civil war and the theory of fear, The Scandinavian
Institute of African Research Report 2, 1975 pp.6-7
Kristilolu Yomi, Business as usual: Britain, oil and the Nigerian civil war, 1967-1970’. African
Economic History Workshop 2007. London School of Economics, April 25, 2007.
http://www.lse.ac.uk/collections/economicHistory/seminars/Kristilolu. pdf.
Lewis Roy, Britain and Biafra. A commonwealth civil war. The Round Table: the Commonwealth
Journal of International Affairs, 60 (239), 1970 pp. 241 – 248.
Nafziger E., The economic impact of the Nigerian civil war, Journal of Modern African Studies
10, 1972 pp.223-245
Nafziger E. & Richter W., Biafra and Bangladesh: the political economy of secessionist
conflict, Journal of Peace Research 13, 1976 pp.104-105
Njoku John, The Igbos of Nigeria: Ancient Rites, Changes, and Survival.
Lewiston, NY, E.
Mellen Press 1990 ch.8.
Nnaemeka Obioma, “Fighting on all fronts: gendered spaces, ethnic boundaries and the
Nigerian Civil War”, Dialectal Anthropology 22, 1997 pp.235-263.
Nwachukwu-Agbada J. O. J., Lore from friction : Praise and protest in Biafran war songs,
Anthropos vol. 91 (4) 1996 pp. 525-534
O'Brien F. S., The Economic Impact of the Nigerian Civil War: A Comment, The
Journal of
Modern African Studies, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Sep., 1973) pp. 460-463
Ogbonna-Nwaogu Ifeyinwa Maureen, Civil Wars in Africa: A Gender Perspective of the Cost
on Women, Journal of Soc. Sci., 16(3) 2008: 251-258
Okolo A., The political economy of the Nigerian oil sector and the civil war, Quarterly Journal
of administration 15, 1981 p.113
Okpu U. The politics of state creation and the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War, Transafrican
Journal of History 11, 1982.
Orabator S., The Biafran Crisis and the Midwest, AA 86, 1987 p.334.
Plotnicov Leonard, An Early Nigerian Civil Disturbance: The 1945 Hausa-Ibo Riot in Jos, The
Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 9 (2) (Aug., 1971) pp. 297-305
Post K.W.J. Is there a case for Biafra? In Kronick van Afrika: 1968 – Biafra, Leiden, Afrika
Studiecentrum 1968 pp.11-21.
Smith D.J. “Legacies of Biafra: marriage, ‘home people’ and reproduction among the Igbo of
Nigeria”, Africa 75 (1), 2005 pp. 30-45.
Stremlau J., The Nigerian Civil War 1967-1970, Revue canadienne des études africaines 13(1/2),
1979 pp.327-328.
Symes Peter, The Bank notes of Biafra, International Bank Note Society Journal 36(4), 1997
Tamuno Tekena, Separatist Agitations in Nigeria since 1914, Journal of Modern African Studies
8 (4), 1970 pp.563-584.
Uche Chibuike, Money matters in a war economy: the Biafran experience, Nationalism &
Ethnic Politics 8, 2002 pp.29-54
Uche Chibuike, Oil, British interests and the Nigerian civil war, Journal of African History 49,
2008 pp.111-135
Uchendu Egodi, Recollections of Childhood Experiences during the Nigerian Civil War,
Africa 77, 2007 pp.393-418,
Theses, memoirs, conference papers & manuscripts
Adejo Armstrong M. (org.), The Nigerian Civil War: forty years after, what lessons?
Conference, Abuja, March 10-14, 2008
Awolowo O., The financing of the Nigerian civil war and the implication for the future
economy of the nation, paper, Geographical Society / Federalist Society of Nigeria, Ibadan, May
16, 1970
Azikiwe Nnamdi, Military Revolution in Nigeria, notes manuscrites, 1971, Cambridge
University Library.
Dudley B., The Commonwealth & the Nigeria-Biafra conflict, Institute of Commonwealth
Studies Seminar papers 6, 1969 p.25
Greenhill, Kelly, Fulwider, John and Weaver, David (2007) The Power of Pictures? A First Look
at the Evidence from the Case of Abu Ghraib, paper delivered at the 48th Annual Convention of
the International Studies Association, Chicago, 28 February - 3 March 2007
Ngoh Victor Julius, The United States and the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970: an analysis of the
American policy towards the war, PhD, University of Washington 1982.
Nwoye S.C. & Ikegbune E., Biafrana at Nsukka: a list of materials on the Nigerian Civil War
available at the Nnamdi Azikiwe library (University of Nigeria, Nsukka), 1983.
Obi-Ani Paul, Post-Civil War Nigeria: Reconciliation or Vendetta? Conference paper, Nigeria
in the twentieth century, Texas, March 29-31, 2002
Ogunyemi C.O. “The politics of war fiction”, paper, 5th Ibadan Conference on African Literature,
1980.
Okpoko Pat Uche, Three Decades after Biafra: A Critique of the Reconciliation Policy,
Conference paper, Nigeria in the twentieth century, Texas, March 29-31, 2002
Olowe Taiye A., Canada's role in the Nigerian Civil War, Conference paper, Nigeria in the
twentieth century, Texas, March 29-31, 2002
Oluwaniyi Oluwatoyin O., Reintegration of child combatants in Africa’s Post civil wars:
lessons learnt and implication for policy, paper, International Conference on Biafra-Nigeria
Civil War: Our Stories and Lessons Learnt, 25-26 September 2009, Marquette University,
Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
http://academic.mu.edu/koriehc/documents/BiafraconferenceABSTRACTS.pdf
Onuoha Godwin, The Powerful Presence of the Past: Memory Politics, Self-Determination
and the Reinvention of Igbo Nationalism in Contemporary Nigeria, Round table on Memory
Politics: Education, Memorials and Mass Media, irmgard-coninx-stiftung, Berlin 21-26
October 2009
http://www.irmgard-coninx-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Roundtables
/Memory_Politics /Workshop_2/Onuoha_Essay.pdf
Oyebade Adebayo, Breaking the Rule: The Principle of Non-Intervention and the Nigerian
Civil War, Conference paper, Nigeria in the twentieth century, Texas, March 29-31, 2002
Segers Nelly, L'espace de la guerre : un décor, un symbole, une esthétique : périples littéraires au
Biafra (1966-1970), Doctoral thesis, Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail 2005. - 2 vols. 605 f. Director : Christiane Fioupou.
Stafford Michael R. (Major), Quick Kill in Slow Motion: The Nigerian Civil War. War since
1945 Seminar series. Quantico, Virginia 22134: Marine Corps Command and Staff College,
Marine
Corps
Development
and
Education
Command,
April
2
1984.
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/SMR.htm.
Ugochukwu Francoise, If I knew enough Igbo words – French journalists as translators of the
Nigerian Civil War, “Translation & Conflict II”, Manchester (GB), Conference paper,
November 18, 2006
Ugochukwu Francoise, Women in the war zone – a comparative study of Achebe’s Girls at
war (1972) and Ofoegbu’s Blow the fire (1985), “Narratives of survival”, Warwick, Conference
paper, January 27-28, 2006
Wiseberg Laurie S., The Nigerian civil war, 1967-1970; a case study in the efficacy of international
law as a regulator of intrastate violence, Los Angeles, Southern California Arms Control and
Foreign Policy Seminar 1972, 47p.
Bibliographies
Affia George B., Nigerian Crisis, 1966-1970: a preliminary bibliography, University of Lagos,
Yakubu Gowon Library 1970.
Aguolu Christian Chukwunedu, Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970; an annotated bibliography,
Boston, G. K. Hall 1973, 181p.
Amuta C. “A selected checklist of primary and critical sources on Nigerian Civil War
literature”, Research in African Literature 13(1), 1982 pp.68-72.
McLuckie C. “A preliminary checklist of primary and secondary sources on Nigerian Civil
War/Biafran War Literature”, Research in African Literature 18 (4), 1987 pp.510-527.
Filmography
Iweala Uzodinma, Televised interview after his Young Lions Fiction Award, New York, Fora
TV (40mn 55sec.), 22 August 2006, http://fora.tv/2006/08/22/Beasts_Of_No_Nation
Additional Bibliography
Achebe Chinua, Anthills of the Savannah, London, Heinemann 1987, 240p.
Achebe Chinua, Arrow of God, London, Heinemann 1964, 230p.
Achebe Chinua, No Longer At Ease, London, Heinemann 1960, 176p.
Achebe Chinua, Things Fall Apart, London, Heinemann 1958, 158p.
Achebe Nwando, Farmers, Traders, Warriors & Kings – Female Power and Authority in Northern
Igboland, 1900-1960, Portsmouth NJ, Heinemann 2005, 274p.
Adichie Chimamanda, Purple Hibiscus, London, Fourth Estate 2004, 307p.
Afigbo Adiele, Ropes of Sand. Studies in Igbo History and Culture, Ibadan & Oxford, University
Press Ltd & UNN University Press 1981, 387p.
Afigbo Adiele, ‘The Eastern provinces under colonial rule’, in Obaro Ikime (Ed), Groundwork
of Nigerian History (Ibadan, Heinemann [1980] 1999) pp.410-428
Amadu Sesay, Civil Wars, Child Soldiers and Post Conflict Peace Building in West Africa,
Prammen Communications 2003, 236p.
Armstrong R.G., A possible function for the bronze roped pot of Igbo-Ukwu, West African
Journal of Archaeology 4, 1974:177-178.
Ayandele Emmanuel Ayankanmi, ‘External relations with Europeans in the nineteenth
century: explorers, missionaries and traders’, in Obaro Ikime (Ed), Groundwork of Nigerian
History (Ibadan, Heinemann [1980] 1999) pp. 367-389
Azuonye, Chukwuma, The Types of the Hero in Representative Texts of the Ohafia Epic Igbo
Song, In Donatus Nwoga and Chukwuma Azuonye (eds), The Hero in Igbo life and Literature,
Enugu, Fourth Dimension Publishers 2002: 415-448.
Baker M., Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account, London, Routledge 2006, 203p.
Basden G.T., Niger Ibos, London, F. Cass 1966 (1938), 456p.
Basden G.T., Among the Ibos of Nigeria, London, F. Cass 1966 (1921), 456p.
Beah Ishmael, A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier, New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux
2007, 240p.
Benthall Jonathan, Disasters, Relief and the Media. London, I. B. Tauris 1994
Booker M. Keith, The Chinua Achebe Encyclopedia, London, Greenwood Press 2003, 318p.
Burns A., History of Nigeria, London, George Allan & Unwin 1948, 368p. 4 th edition.
Cohn Ilene &. Goodwin-Gill Guy S., Child soldiers – The role of children in armed conflicts, A
Study on Behalf of the Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva, Wotton-under-Edge (UK) Clarendon
Press 1994, 248p.
Dallaire Romeo, They Fight Like Soldiers, They Die Like Children: The Global Quest to Eradicate the
Use of Child Soldiers, New York, Random House 2010, 304p.
Dawes James, That the World May Know. Bearing Witness to Atrocity, Cambridge (USA):
Harvard University Press 2007, 289p.
Eichstaedt Peter, First Kill Your Family: Child Soldiers of Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army,
Chicago Review Press 2009, 336p.
Ekwensi Cyprian, People of the City, London, Heinemann [1954] 1963, 120p.
Emecheta Buchi, Head above Water, an Autobiography, London, Heinemann 1986, 229p.
Emenyonu E. (Ed), Emerging Perspectives on Chinua Achebe, vol. I, Trenton, Africa World Press
2004, 475p.
Green, Margaret, Igbo Village Affairs: Chiefly with Reference to the Village of Umueke Agbaja,
London, F. Cass 1964, 284p.
Greenhill, Kelly, Fulwider, John and Weaver, David (2007) The Power of Pictures? A First Look
at the Evidence from the Case of Abu Ghraib, paper delivered at the 48th Annual Convention of
the International Studies Association, Chicago, 28 February - 3 March 2007
Harnischfeger Johannes, Democratization and Islamic Law. The Sharia Conflict in Nigeria,
Frankfurt, Campus Verlag 2008, 283p.
Huntington Julie Ann, Transcultural rhythms: an exploration of rhythm, music and the drum
in a selection of francophone novels from West Africa and the Caribbean, French PhD Thesis,
Vanderbilt University, May, 2005 Nashville, Tennessee, 269p. http://etd.library.
vanderbilt.edu/ETD-db/available/etd-04142005-161736/unrestricted/etd.pdf
Ike Chukwuemeka, Naked Gods, London, Collins 1970, 254p.
Ikibie R., “How Muse Inspired Iroh”, Lagos, Daily Times, 15th September 1979
Ikime Obaro (Ed), Groundwork of Nigerian History, Ibadan, Heinemann [1980] 1999, 615p.
Isichei Elizabeth, A History of the Igbo People, London, Macmillan 1977 (2e edit.), 303p.
Jacobs Dan, The Brutality of nations, New York, Alfred A. Knopf 1987, 383p.
Jal Emmanuel & Lloyd Davies Megan, War Child: A Child Soldier's Story, New York, St.
Martin's Press 2009, 272p.
Jones John Bush, The Songs That Fought the War: Popular Music and the Home Front, 1939-1945,
Waltham & Hanover, USA, Brandeis University Press / University Press of New England
2006 – reviewed by Tona Hangen, The Journal of Popular Culture Vol. 40 (3) June 2007 pp. 560561
Katan David, Translating Cultures, Manchester: St Jerome publishing 2004, 2nd edition, 380p.
Keitetsi China, Child Soldier, London, Souvenir Press 2004, 274p.
Keitetsi China, Child Soldier: Fighting for My Life, Johannesburg, Jacana Media 2003, 218p.
Kirk-Greene Anthony, Symbol of Authority. The British District Officer in Africa, London, J. B.
Tauris Publishers 2005, 360p.
Kourouma Ahmadou, Allah n’est pas obligé, Paris, Seuil 2000, 221p.
Leith-Ross Sylvia. African Women. A Study of the Ibo of Nigeria, London, Faber & Faber 1939.
Reprint Routledge 1965, 367p.
Lindfors Bernth (Ed), Conversations with Chinua Achebe (Jackson, University Press of
Mississippi 1997), 199p.
Mehari Senait, Heart of Fire: One Girl's Extraordinary Journey from Child Soldier to Soul Singer,
London, Profile Books 2006, 262p. Translated from German by Christine Lo
Nwana Pita, Omenuko (London 1933, reprinted Lagos, Longmans 1963), 94p. (Igbo text)
Nwana Pita, Omenuko, translated from Igbo by Frances W. Pritchett, USA, Columbia
University
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/igbo/omenuko/index.html#index
Ohadike Don C., Anioma. A social History of the Western Igbo People, Athens, Ohio University
Press 1994, 249p.
Onwuejeogwu Michael Angulu, an Igbo Civilization. Nri Kingdom and Hegemony, London,
Ethnographica / Benin, Ethiope 1981, 204p.
Osaghae Eghosa, Crippled Giant: Nigeria since Independence (London, Hurst 1998), 342p.
Osuagwu B. I. N & Nwana E. C. , The Author of Omenuko - Omeokachie Omenuko (The story of
the life of Pita Nwana, author of "Omenuko"), Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, Ark Publishers,
1999
(translated
by
Frances
W.
Pritchett).
Online
version :
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00fwp/igbo/omenuko/author01_05.html
Robert Maurice, ‘Ministre’ de l’Afrique, Paris, Seuil 2004, 240p.
Saro-Wiwa, Ken, Genocide in Nigeria: The Ogoni tragedy, London/Lagos, Saros International
1992.
Shaw T., Unearthing Igbo-Ukwu: Account of archaeological discoveries in Eastern Nigeria, London,
Faber & Faber 1970, vol. I & II, 888p.
Tracey Hugh, The Social Role of African Music, African Affairs (London) 53, 1954 pp.234-241.
Uche Luke Uka, Mass Media, People and Politics in Nigeria. New Delhi, Concept Publishing
1989
Uchendu Egodi, Being Igbo and Muslim: the Igbo of South-Eastern Nigeria and conversions
to Islam, 1930s to recent times, Journal of African History, 51 (2010) pp. 63–87.
Ugochukwu Clifford, Isu Factor in Nnewi History, Onitsha, Tabansi Press 2000, 300p.
Ugochukwu Françoise, Songs as an Area of Creativity: The Igbo Storyteller as an Artist, in J.
Derive & A-M. Dauphin-Teinturier (Eds), Oralité africaine et création/African Orality and
Creativity, Paris, Karthala 2005 pp.105-124.
Ulasi Adaora, Many Thing You no Understand, London, Michael Joseph 1970, 190p.
Unoke Ewa, The Child-Soldier: “Another Life is Possible”. “From child soldier to
professor…a personal journey”, Kansas City Community College, KCKCC E-Journal 2007,
http://www.kckcc.edu/ejournal/archives/ march2009/ article/theChildSoldier.aspx
II Publications in French
Works of Fiction / translations
Achebe Chinua, Femmes en guerre et autres nouvelles, Paris, Hatier (1981), 1996 (trad. J. de
Grandsaigne), 159p.
Achebe Chinua, Les termitières de la savane, Paris, Belfond 1990 (trad. É. Galle).
Adichie Chimamanda, L’autre moitié du soleil, Paris, Gallimard 2008, 500p. (trad. M. de
Pracontal)
Cayeux J.B. L’agent spécial au Biafra, Paris, Fleuve noir 1968, 250p.
Iweala Uzodinma, Bêtes sans patrie, Paris, Éditions de l'Olivier 2008, 175 p. (Trad. A.
Mabanckou).
Leluc A. Mercenaire, Paris, J. C. Lattes 1984, 224p.
Maloroso A., Les mercenaires de la charité, roman, Paris, Les presses noires 1969, 265p.
Saro-Wiwa K., Sozaboy pétit minitaire, Paris, Actes Sud 2003, 309 pages (trad. S. Millogo & A.
Bissiri)
Sorel J.M., Terreur au Biafra, roman, Bagneux, L’Arabesque 1969, 218p.
Zumbach J., Mister Brown, Paris, Robert Laffont 1973, 367p.
Literary criticism
Ohaegbu A. U., La guerre civile nigériane comme facteur de création littéraire, Peuples noirs
21, 1981 pp.121-136.
Ugochukwu F., Portraits de femmes au Biafra – étude comparée de Chinua Achebe et Leslie
Ofoegbu, Cahiers d’Études africaines XLVIII (3), 191, 2008 pp. 437- 456.
Studies on History
1) Books
Armand Captain (1969) Biafra vaincra, Paris : Editions Empire, 272p.
Asuoha R.I., Pourquoi le Biafra ? Épinal, Éditions du sapin d’or 1969, 167p.
Biafra, ministère de l’Information, Proclamation de la République du Biafra [président C. O.
Ojukwu], Enugu, ministère de l’Information 1967, 18p.
Biafra, ministère de l’Information, Mémorandum sur la future association entre le Biafra et le reste
de l’ancienne fédération du Nigeria, Enugu, ministère de l’Information 1968.
Biafra, ministère de l’Information, La République du Biafra, le cas du Biafra : le Nigeria oriental
dans la politique nigériane, Paris, SIEP 1968, 8p.
Biafra, ministère de l’Information, Le génocide démembre les nations, Enugu, ministère de
l’Information 1969, 9p.
Boutet Rémy, L’effroyable guerre du Biafra, Paris, Desclée de Brouwer 1992, 192p. / Africa
Éditions 2004, 191p.
Buhler Jean, Tuez-les tous ! Guerre de sécession au Biafra, Paris, Flammarion 1968, 232p.
Bulletin d’information de la délégation biafraise à Paris. Dir. C. I. Dike, Paris 1969
Caron G. & Bonneville F. (de), La mort du Biafra, Paris, Solar/ Agence Gamma 1968, 141p.
Chomé J., Le drame du Nigeria, Waterloo, Tiers Monde et révolution 1969, 79p.
Comité international de lutte contre le génocide au Biafra, Témoignages, prises de position, Paris
1969, 24p.
Debré François, Biafra An II, Paris, Julliard 1968, 223p.
France, ministère des Affaires étrangères, La France et le Biafra, Paris, Services d’information et
de presse 1969, 28p.
Honorin M., Les chemins de la mort, Paris, Julliard 1969, 224p.
Ligue marxiste révolutionnaire, Biafra : bilan d’une sécession, Lausanne, Ligue marxiste
révolutionnaire 1970, 75p.
Freymond J., Guerres, révolutions, Croix-Rouge : réflexions sur le rôle du CICR, Genève, Institut
universitaire de hautes études internationales 1976, xii-222p.
Graham Douglas M.B. La rébellion d’Ojukwu et l’opinion mondiale, 1968, 22p.
Hentsch Thierry, Face au blocus : la Croix-Rouge internationale dans le Nigeria en guerre (19671970), Genève, Droz 1973, xvi-307p.
Offroy Raymond, Quand le cœur a raison, Paris, La Pensée universelle 1972, 160p.
Ojukwu Chukwuemeka, allocution prononcée par Son Excellence le gouverneur militaire à la
réunion du Conseil des chefs et notables et l’Assemblée consultative le vendredi 26 mai 1967, Paris,
imprimerie Vieux 1968, 36p.
Pierre-Jean Daniel, Bernard Kouchner, du Biafra au Kosovo, Paris, Edilivre 2007, 478p.
Pourquoi le Nigeria… Éditions J. Atemenge, Paris, La gazette africaine et malgache, le fichier
littéraire et technique 1968, 54f.
Renard Alain, Biafra, naissance d’une nation, Paris, Aubier 1969, 167p. (Réimprimé AubierMontaigne 1992)
Rosen Carl G. (Von), Le ghetto biafrais tel que je l’ai vu (trad. du suédois par R. Albeck), Paris,
Arthaud 1969, 204p.
Rosen Carl (Von), Biafra - Som Jag Ser Det, Stockholm, Wahlström & Widstrand 1969
Salmon J.J.A., La reconnaissance d’États, quatre cas : Mandchoukouo, Katanga, Biafra, Rhodésie du
sud, Paris, A. Colin 1972, 287p. ch. III pp.138-200.
Sosnowsky Alexandre (Ed), Biafra, proximité de la mort, continuité de la vie, Paris, Fayard 1969,
86p. (Non paginé).
Steiner Rolf, Carré rouge : du Biafra au Soudan, le dernier condottiere, Récit recueilli par Y. G.
Berges, Paris, Robert Laffont 1976, 449p.
Ugochukwu Françoise, Biafra, la déchirure - Sur les traces de la guerre civile de 1967-1970, Paris,
L’Harmattan 2009, 215p.
Uwechue R., L’avenir du Biafra : une solution nigériane, préface de L. S. Senghor, N. Azikiwe,
Paris, Jeune Afrique1969, 161p.
Wolf J. & Brovelli C., La guerre des rapaces: la vérité sur la guerre du Biafra, Paris, Albin Michel
1969, 286p.
2) Refereed articles
Adeyemi I., Une mission secrète d’Azikiwe à Paris, Afrique actuelle 31, 1968 pp.2-3.
Africa Research Group, Les dessous de la guerre nigérienne [sic], trad. M. Roques, L’Homme et
la Société 18(8), 1970 pp.113-128 & 19(1), 1971 pp.139-155.
Azikiwe Nnamdi, La France et la guerre civile du Nigeria, Nigeria demain 2, 1969 pp.24-26.
Bach Daniel, Le Général de Gaulle et la guerre civile au Nigeria, Canadian Journal of African
Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines Vol. 14 (2), 1980 pp. 259-272.
Bach Daniel, le Général de Gaulle et la guerre civile du Nigeria, in A. Pedone, la politique
africaine du Général de Gaulle, Paris, CEAN 1981 pp.330-345.
Bach Daniel, Des nigérians parlent de la guerre civile, Politique africaine 2(7), 1982 pp.127-132.
Bach Daniel, Dynamiques et contradictions dans la politique africaine de la France : les
rapports avec le Nigeria (1960-1981), Politique africaine 2(5), 1982 pp.47-74.
Balogun Ola, La question de l’autodétermination et la guerre civile du Nigeria, Revue française
d’études politiques africaines 49, 1970 pp.40-43.
Biafra : les contradictions de l’Afrique, Revue française d’études politiques africaines 29, 1968
pp.12-14.
Biafra : génocide, Visa pour un enfant 28, 1968 pp.30-32.
Biafra : histoire d’une sécession, naissance d’une nation ? Revue de défense nationale 25(3) 1969
pp.428-452.
Bonperrier M., Réflexions sur la guerre civile au Nigeria, Afrique contemporaine 7(36) 1968
pp.2-8.
Brau J.L., La dernière pitrerie d’un clown triste, Facts Nigeria 5, 1969 pp.16-21.
Buron R., Beaumont J. & Barbin J., Le Biafra : pour y voir clair, Le fait public 13, 1969 pp.35-38.
Caudron J.P., L’atroce agonie du Biafra : des centaines de milliers d’hommes ne survivent que
grâce à l’aide des Églises, Informations catholiques internationales 352, 1970 pp.4-6.
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1968 pp.9-10
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1970 pp.69-78.
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Étude du conflit nigéro-biafrais, Christianisme social 77(1-2), 1969 pp.45-98.
Faillite de la fédération du Nigeria, Revue française d’études politiques africaines 30-31, 1968
pp.47-64.
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Gache P., Les noirs ne se mélangent pas, Le Spectacle du monde 74, 1968 pp.67-73.
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soigneusement calculée, Le Monde diplomatique 173, 1968 p.20.
IFOP, Le Biafra, Sondages 1-2, 1969 pp.52 & 59-60 ; 1-2, 1970 pp.113-114.
Ikoku Samuel, Le drame du Biafra et les forces de progrès en Afrique, Politique aujourd’hui 2,
1969 pp.33-39.
Ikoku Samuel, la question de l’autodétermination : autodétermination ne signifie pas
fatalement sécession, Facts Nigeria 2, 1969 pp.1-15.
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Kalibwami J., Sécession biafraise et unité africaine, Signes du temps 2, 1969 pp.21-24.
Lamontagne Y., Les problèmes psychologiques chez les enfants biafrais, Psychopathologie
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Laptev V., Les leçons de la tragédie nigériane, Vie internationale 4, 1969 pp.61-67.
Le Bigot F., Capdevielle P. & al, Remarques sur le comportement psychologique des enfants
biafrais évacués à l’hôpital de campagne français au Gabon, Revue de neuropsychiatrie infantile
20(5), 1972 pp.435-441.
Lucas P., biafrais (séparatisme), Encyclopaedia universalis t. III, Paris 1968 pp.242-244.
Luca P., Nigeria : lutte de classes ou conflit ‘nationalitaire’, Revue française de science politique
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Marienstras R., Un génocide très contrariant, Nouveaux Cahiers 15, 1968 pp.6-10.
Mertens P., Les modalités de l’intervention du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge dans le
conflit du Nigeria, Annuaire français de droit international 15, 1969 pp.183-209.
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pp.38-50.
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Nicolas Guy, Le Nigéria : dynamique agonistique d'une nation à polarisation variable,
Cultures & Conflits n°1,1990 pp.114-150.
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(134), 1969 pp.116-125.
Paraiso J.Y., La presse ouest-allemande et le conflit du Biafra, Allemagnes d’aujourd’hui 85, 1983
pp.28-43.
Pélissier E., Après la sécession de la République du Biafra, Le Monde diplomatique 159, 1967
p.6.
Pélissier E., Biafra : massacres et bons sentiments, L’événement 31, 1968 pp.68-77.
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du 29 juillet, Le Monde diplomatique 168, 1968 p.16.
Pélissier E., Nigeria : autodétermination ne signifie pas fatalement sécession, après la
sécession de la République du Biafra, Le Monde diplomatique 159, 1967 p.6.
Pélissier E., Le dessous des cartes, La revue de Paris 76(3), 1969 pp.106-111.
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1968 p.8.
Person Y., Génocide et unité nationale, la tragédie du Biafra, Temps modernes 24(270), 1968
pp.1055-1071.
Philippe J.M., Le Biafra, une guerre qui déshonore l’humanité, Croissance des jeunes nations 80,
1969 pp.5-9.
Prelle R. de, Aux sources d’un conflit…La guerre au Nigeria, Synthèses 24(271-272) 1969
pp.69-74
Première table ronde Nigeria-Biafra, L’Événement 35, 1969 pp.13-19.
Que se passe-t-il en Nigeria ? Missi 316, 1968 pp.5-26
Renard A., Le Nigeria à l’heure du défi biafrais, Projet 25, 1968 pp.598-606.
Renard A., Biafra, genèse d’une nation, Projet 34, 1969 pp.469-475.
République fédérale du Nigeria, Remarques africaines 11(346), 1969 pp.463-493.
Rousseau C., La guerre civile au Biafra : chronique des faits internationaux, Revue générale de
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Saint Pierre M. de, Ne parlez plus du Biafra ! Itinéraires 262, 1982 pp.10-21.
Sargos P., Médecin au Biafra, Esprit 38(3), 1970 pp.457-468.
Schneyder P., Le martyre du Biafra, Esprit 36(10), 1968 pp.414-419.
Stouky A., Biafra ou le jeu ‘à qui perd gagne’, Lamalif 27, 1969 pp.4-10.
Terre des Hommes, L’action de Terre des hommes au Gabon : enfants du Biafra, Visa pour un
enfant 31, 1969 pp.30-32
Torres A., La guerre du Biafra, Esprit 37(12), 1969 pp.807-816.
Ugochukwu Françoise, La guerre du Biafra à la radio - situation militaire et livraisons
d’armes en 1968 – 1969, Peuples Noirs 80 pp. 60 - 76, 1991.
Uwechue Ralph, Des concessions réciproques pour une paix juste et durable, Revue française
d’études politiques africaines 49, 1970 pp.24-39.
Uwechue Ralph, La crise nigériane : réflexions sur l’échec du Biafra et l’avenir politique du
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Van der Berghe P., Les intellectuels devant le conflit nigérian, Culture et développement 1(2),
1968 pp.437-40
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international public 73(4), 1969 pp.1018-1060.
Yannopoulos T., Luttes de classes et guerre nationale au Nigeria, Revue française de science
politique 18(6), 1968 pp. 508-523.
Theses, memoirs, conference papers and manuscripts
Batmanian J., La politique africaine de La Côte d’Ivoire, de son accession à l’indépendance à la fin de la
guerre civile du Nigeria, Paris I, 1973, 3 vol., Doctorat d’État.
Bibi J., L’Organisation de l’unité africaine et le conflit nigéro-biafrais, Paris, École pratique des
hautes études, 6e section, 1972, 198f, mémoire, diplôme, EPHE.
Brauman Rony, Biafra-Cambodge, un génocide et une famine fabriqués, Conference paper, ‘Face
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Camus J.C., Résultats d’une expérience de trois mois de chirurgie de guerre au Biafra, Paris, Faculté
de médecine 1970, Doctorat, Médecine.
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d’État.
Clergerie J.L., La crise du Biafra, Université de Poitiers 1984, 506f. doctorat d’État, Law.
Gervais C., Effets bénéfiques de la levure alimentaire chez l’enfant biafrais dénutri, Paris V, 1971,
doctorat, Medicine.
Hentsch Thierry, Face au blocus: histoire de l’intervention du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge
dans le conflit du Nigeria 1967-1970, Genève, Institut universitaire des hautes études
internationales 1973, 307p. thesis, Political Science.
Igue J.O., Problèmes de l’ouest africain, Cotonou, Université nationale du Bénin 1979, 204p.
(pp.69-93)
Juvin P., La Croix-Rouge, son action dans le conflit du Nigeria-Biafra, des origines au mois de mars
1969, Paris, Faculté de médecine, thesis, doctorat d’État. 1969, 37f.
Kouchner B., Une médecine au Biafra, Paris, Faculté de médecine 1970, 109f, thesis, doctorat
d’État.
Luka C., Contribution à l’étude de la sécession du Biafra, Kisangani, Université libre du Congo
1970, undergraduate memoir, Political Science.
Martin N., Les origines et les implications de la guerre de sécession au Biafra, Paris, École pratique
des hautes études 1972, memoir, EPHE 6e section.
Mbabuike M., L’évolution des croyances des Ibos du Biafra après la guerre de sécession, Paris, Paris
VII, 3e cycle, Ethnologie 1975.
Ndoumba E.N., L’OUA et les conflits armés des États africains : étude des cas : Nigeria (Biafra),
Yaoundé, Institut des relations internationales du Cameroun 1978, 170p. Thesis 3e cycle,
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Njoku E., Rapport sur les pourparlers d’Addis-Abeba 5 août-1er septembre, 1968, 39f.
Nzouba G., Recherche sur les opinions françaises et africaines face à la guerre du Biafra, Montpellier
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Oguocha D.O., Les origines de la guerre civile du Nigeria, Aix-Marseille III, 1973, 380f. Thesis.
Oulla M., L’opinion publique américaine et la crise du Nigeria, Paris, Institut international
d’administration publique 1969, memoir IIAP.
Rivron A., La guerre civile du Nigeria et le droit international public, Paris I, 1970, thèse de
doctorat d’État en droit.
Sanvee F., La guerre du Biafra dans la presse africaine d’expression française, École pratique des
hautes études 6e section, 1974, 202p. Diplôme EPHE.
Ugochukwu Francoise, Women in the war zone – a comparative study of Achebe’s Girls at
war (1972) and Ofoegbu’s Blow the fire (1985), “Narratives of survival”, Warwick, Conference
paper, January 27-28, 2006
Ugochukwu Françoise, Aidez-nous à combattre le mal – l’arme du chant collectif au cœur du
conflit biafrais, Société internationale pour la littérature orale en Afrique (ISOLA), Lecce (Italie),
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Achebe Chinua, Les termitières de la savane, Paris, Union générale d’éditions, 10x18, 1994
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d’Almeida & Olga Mahougbe Simpson)
Achebe Chinua, Le Malaise, Paris, Présence africaine 1974, 202p. (Trad. Jocelyn Duclos)
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Adichie Chimamanda, L’Hibiscus pourpre, Paris, Edit. Anne Carrière 2004, 416p. (Trad. Mona
de Pracontal)
Bach Daniel (Ed), Le Nigeria contemporain, Paris, Éditions du CNRS 1986, 336p.
Bach Daniel, Dynamique et contradictions dans la politique africaine de la France : les
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Chevrier Jacques (textes recueillis et présentés par), Les Blancs vus par les Africains (Lausanne,
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Estève Marie-Hélène & Mazon Janine (eds), Nigeria, guide touristique / Tourist Guide, Lagos,
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Foccart Jacques, Journal de l’Élysée, Paris, Fayard & Jeune Afrique, 1996-2001, cinq volumes.
Frère Marie-Soleil (Ed.), Afrique centrale, medias et conflits vecteurs de guerre ou acteurs de paix,
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SELAF 1976), 427p.
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Labro Philippe, Les barricades de Mai, Mai 68 à travers les photographies de l’Agence Gamma,
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Marthoz Jean-Paul, Journalisme global ou journalisme de métropole? Les conflits africains
dans les médias du Nord, in M-S Frère (Ed.), Afrique centrale, médias et conflits vecteurs de
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Radio/TV
Bulletins quotidiens en français et en anglais de la BBC, de la Voix de l’Amérique, FranceInter, Radio-Bruxelles, Radio-Lausanne, Radio-Canada Radio-France, Europe n.1, RadioBucarest et Radio Biafra.
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Chaîne Histoire, 27/12/2003, 10h05, 18h05
III Relevant Websites
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biafra
A site containing general information on Biafra including a map and several pictures. [Last
accessed 13/07/2010].
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Biafra_independent_state_map-en.svg
A geographical map [last accessed 13/07/2010].
http://national-anthem-of-biafra.biafranet.com/
http://www.biafraland.com/biafra_national_anthem.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaoX8OWjYIM
Biafra’s national anthem – lyrics and music [last accessed 13/07/2010].
http://www.biafraland.com/Biafra%20history.htm
An official 16page document issued by the Biafran Government in 1967 and titled:
“Introducing the Republic of Biafra” [last accessed 13/07/2010].
http://www.ethnologue.com
The website of Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition.
Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Online version: an encyclopaedic reference work cataloguing
all of the world’s 6,909 known living languages, where one can find the page listing the
languages of Nigeria with geographic and dialectal details [last accessed 13/07/2010].
http://www.kwenu.com/biafra/biafra.htm
Titled: “Biafra @ a glance”, this is a website dedicated to the history of the defunct Republic of
Biafra, manned by Igbo abroad and offering various data including important dates and
publications about the war – last accessed 13/07/2010.
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,838607-1,00.html.
Time US, Aug. 23, 1968. World: Nigeria’s Civil War: Hate, Hunger and the Will to Survive.
Correspondent’s report. [Online]. Available at:
[Last accessed 13/07/2010].
http://umunna.org/instruments.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igbo_music
An introduction to musical instruments from Igboland [last accessed 13/07/2010].
http://www.jha.ac/articles/u036.htm
Goetz’s article on humanitarian issues in Biafra [last accessed 13/07/2010].
http://searchworks.stanford.edu/?q=biafra&f[building_facet][]=Hoover+Archives&hidden_qt
=search&per_page=20&commit=search+Searchworks
A list of three recordings of Biafran songs [last accessed 13/07/2010].
Map of Igboland
http://www.nigeriamasterweb.com/4mbebe/IgbolandMap.jpg