FIRE PROTECTION AND COLD STORAGE

Conference
Paper
FIRE PROTECTION
AND COLD STORAGE
A Report on the Conference on
Safety and Prevention of Fire in Cold Stores,
17- 19 March 1982, Paris
PRIVATE BAG PORIFIUA
BUILDING RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF NEW ZEALAND
FIRE PROTECTION AND COLD STORAGE
Conference Paper 6
J.H. Hunt
//
Reference:
Hunt, J.H. 1983. Fire protection and cold storage.. Building Research Association of
New Zealand, Conference Paper 6. Judgeford
Keywords:
Cold storage spaces; Design; Fire protection; Frozen foods; Refrigerated storage
spaces; Safety; Smoke; Thermal insulation.
Abstract:
This report is the result of a commission from the Building Research Association of
New Zealand t o Morrison Cooper and Partners t o assist the author t o attend a
conference in Paris in March 1982, on fire prevention and safety in cold stores. In view
of a previous involvement by BRANZ in conducting tests for the New Zealand Freezing
Companies Association and the importance of f i r e safety strategies in the design of
modern meat processing works, it was considered valuable for New Zealand t o learn the
views of other countries, and t o make known t o them recent developments i n New Zealand.
Page
-
Introduction
.
..
Aim of Conference
Conclusions of Conference
Purpose of Attending Conference
a-
Overall Conciusions
Selected items from Papers of Particular
Relevance to the New Zealand Situation
General Discussion
1
Site Visits
Appendix I
conference Statistics, Delegates and Countries
Appendix 2
Conference Programme and Preprints
Appendix 3
Protection of Foamed Plastic Insulation
INTRODUCTION
.
I n t h e e a r l y 1 9 7 0 ' s New Z e a l a n d ' s m e a t i n d u s t r y was f a c e d w i t h a n
e x t e n s i v e r e b u i l d i n g programme i n o r d e r t o c o m p l y w i t h t h e h y g i e n e
r e g u l a t i o n s b e i n g i n t r o d u c e d b y t h e m a j o r meat m a r k e t s o f EEC and
A t t h e same t i m e t h e i n d u s t r y r e c o g n i s e d t h a t t h e . f i r e
USA.
p r o t e c t i o n a n d l i f e s a f e t y m e a s u r e s o f NZS 1 9 0 0 C h a p t e r 5 w e r e
i n a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f a meat p r o c e s s i n g works.
A c c o r d i n g l y a new f i r e c o d e was p r o p o s e d b y New Z e a l a n d F r e e z i n g
C o m p a n i e s A s s o c i a t i o n and s u b s e q u e n t l y d e v e l o p e d b y S t a n d a r d s
A s s o c i a t i o n o f New Z e a l a n d a s a means o f c o m p l i a n c e o f NZS 1 9 0 0
C h a p t e r 5.
Cold storage f a c i l i t i e s necessitated s p e c i a l a t t e n t i o n i n terms o f
size,
environment,
susceptibility
of
the
stored
product
to
c o n t a m i n a t i o n and t h e v a l u e o f t h e p r o d u c t .
With t h e a d v e n t o f
s i n g l e s t o r e y h i g h bay a u t o m a t i c
blast
freezers
and s t o r a g e
b u i l d i n g s c o n v e n t i o n a l methods o f
f i r e p r o t e c t i o n had t o b e
reconsidered.
The P a r i s c o n f e r e n c e ,
j o i n t l y organised by t h e
European
Association
of
Refrigeration
Enterprises
and
the
I n t e r n a t i o n a l I n s t i t u t e o f R e f r i g e r a t i o n provided t h e forum t o
establish current international practice.
The a u t h o r g r a t e f u l l y a c k n o w l e d g e s t h e a s s i s t a n c e g i v e n b y BRANZ
i n conjunction
with
N.Z.
Freezing
Companies
to
this
study
A s s o c i a t i o n , N.Z. F i r e S e r v i c e and S A N Z .
A I M OF CONFERENCE
The a i m o f t h e C o n f e r e n c e was t o c o l l a t e t h e maximum amount o f
d o c u m e n t a t i o n and case h i s t o r i e s on problems posed by f i r e s ,
refrigeration
and
worker
safety
related
to
the
design,
c o n s t r u c t i o n and o p e r a t i o n o f c o l d s t o r e s .
From t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n
recommendations would be drawn up f o r t h e use o f c o l d s t o r a g e
owner/operators,
safety officers,
fire
designers,
contractors,
p r o t e c t i o n o f f i c e r s and f i r e s e r v i c e s .
!
C o n f e r e n c e s t a t i s t i c s a r e c o n t a i n e d i n A p p e n d i x 1.
CONFERENCE CONCLUSIONS
The C o n f e r e n c e was s u m m a r i s e d a t t h e c o n c . l u s i o n b y t h e C h a i r m a n a s
follows:Fire
-
1.
F i r e r i s k s i n c o l d s t o r e s are l i m i t e d i n comparison w i t h
o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s , b u t a r e dependant on t h e c o l d s t o r e d e s i g n
and o p e r a t i o n .
2.
The v a l u e o f g o o d s s t o r e d e x c e e d s t h e v a l u e o f t h e c o n t a i n i n g
building.
3.
P r o t e c t i o n o f t h e goods i s i m p o r t a n t .
The u s e o f an
e x t i n g u i s h i n g system can be considered p r o v i d e d t h e p r o d u c t
i s not affected.
4.
Modern foamed p l a s t i c i n s u l a t i o n s c o n s t i t u t e a h i g h e r f i r e
r i s k compared t o m i n e r a l f i b r e s o r o l d e r i n s u l a t i o n s s u c h as
cork.
5.
A l l i n s u l a t i o n used must b e o f a s e l f e x t i n g u i s h i n g t y p e .
6.
M u l t i p l e room s t o r a g e f a c i l i t i e s s h o u l d
b r e a k s b e t w e e n rooms a t f r e q u e n t i n t e r v a l s .
7.
Special precautions
electrical fittings
envelope.
8.
Smoke damage o r c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f p r o d u c t r e p r e s e n t e d
l a r g e s t s i n g l e problem i n c o l d storage operation.
are
and
incorporate
fire
required adjacent t o plant items,
at penetrations o f the insulation
the
People
1.
To
maintain
safety
of
conditions are essential.
2.
S p e c i a l i s t c l o t h i n g i s n e c e s s a r y f o r w o r k e r s a g a i n s t c o l d and
r e f r i g e r a t i o n leaks.
3.
A u t o m a t i c and s e m i - a u t o m a t i c p r o d u c t h a n d l i n g s y s t e m s s h o u l d
be i n s t a l l e d wherever p o s s i b l e .
4.
Internal
alarms
"lock-ins1'.
5.
A l l p e o p l e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e o p e r a t i o n o f a c o l d s t o r e must
b e f u l l y t r a i n e d , m u s t b e a b l e t o r e a c t d e c i s i v e l y i n an
a l a r m s i t u a t i o n and know w h a t t o d o .
6.
P e o p l e must be k e p t i n f o r m e d o f o p e r a t i o n a l
a u d i o v i s u a l t r a i n i n g equipment as n e c e s s a r y .
7.
Management m u s t assume a l l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s .
are
staff
essential
frequent
especially
breaks
for
i n
warm
accidental
risks,
using
PURPOSE OF ATTENDING CONFERENCE
The a u t h o r , f r o m M o r r i s o n C o o p e r and P a r t n e r s (MCP) r e p r e s e n t i n g
(BRANZ)
and M r
B u i l d i n g R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t i o n o f New Z e a l a n d
M i c h a e l Sheppard,
Manager
Engineering
Services,
Canterbury
F r o z e n Meat
Company
(CFM)
representing
New
Zealand
Freezing
Companies
Association
(NZFCA)
have been c l o s e l y
involved
i n
r e s e a r c h and p r e p a r a t i o n f o r t h e M e a t Works F i r e Code D.Z 4 2 1 6 .
T h i s code i s c u r r e n t l y b e f o r e t h e M i n i s t e r o f I n t e r n a l A f f a i r s f o r
approval.
An a s s o c i a t e d S a f e t y M a n u a l f o r u s e b y NZFCA members,
which
i s
a
subsidiary
document
for
DZ
4216,
was
prepared
concurrent l y
-
.
The i n v o l v e m e n t o f m a n y o r g a n i s a t i o n s w h i c h i n c l u d e d BRANZ a n d New
Z e a l a n d F i r e S e r v i c e i n t h e f o r m u l a t i o n o f t h e C o d e was c o n s i d e r e d
u n i q u e a n d s h o u l d b e made k n o w n a t t h e C o n f e r e n c e .
A t t h e same
time,
t h e Conference would
act
as a s o u n d i n g b o a r d f o r
the
p r o v i s i o n s o f t h e Code a n d t h e M a n u a l .
Four papers
follows:-
were
presented
by
Mr
Sheppard
and
the
author
as
A F i r e C o d e f o r t h e New Z e a l a n d M e a t F r e e z i n g
I n d u s t r y with P a r t i c u l a r Reference t o Cold Stores
P.K.
Burton-Wood;
J.H.
Hunt;
M.J.A.
Sheppard
F i r e S a f e t y i n t h e New Z e a l a n d M e a t F r e e z i n g
I n d u s t r y with P a r t i c u l a r Reference t o Cold Stores
J.H.
Hunt;
D.J.
Miller;
M.J.A.
Sheppard
An I n v e s t i g a t i o n i n t o t h e I g n i t a b i l i t y o f F r o z e n
Meat Carcasses
D.
Bastings;
J.H.
Hunt
B e h a v i o u r o f F r o z e n Meat P r o d u c t s i n a F i r e ,
Situation
J.H.
Hunt
These f o u r
A p p e n d i x 2.
papers
and
other
Conference
papers
are
referenced
in
A s e c o n d a r y r e a s o n was t o a t t e m p t t o e s t a b l i s h t o w h a t d e g r e e
European
regulations
existed
or
were
being
formulated,
with
r e s p e c t t o t h e u s e o f foamed p l a s t i c s a n d w i c h p a n e l s .
Current
use o f i n s u l a t e d sandwich panels i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y r e s t r i c t e d t o
c o l d s t o r e s b u t as an economic b u i l d i n g m a t e r i a l f o r n o n - l o a d
bearing walls.
The u s e o f s u c h
a b u i l d i n g element c o u l d
represent a significant increase i n the f i r e load o f a structure.
1
As a f o l l o w u p s e v e r a l v i s i t s i n d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s w e r e m a d e t o
o r g a n i s a t i o n s and i n s t a l l a t i o n s r e l a t e d t o t h e C o n f e r e n c e aims.
OVERALL CONCLUSIONS
T h e p a p e r s f r o m N.Z.
received special mention i n t h e o v e r a l l
summary b y t h e C o n f e r e n c e c h a i r m a n .
The N.Z.
work undertaken f o r
t h e N.Z.
Meat I n d u s t r y f u l f i l l e d e x a c t l y t h e aim o f t h e C o n f e r e n c e
e s p e c i a l l y f o r European c o l d s t o r e o p e r a t i o n s .
In t h i s respect
N.Z.
a n d t h e Meat Works F i r e Code a're a h e a d o f E u r o p e a n p r a c t i c e .
Some d e l e g a t e s e x p r e s s e d t h e v i e w t h a t t h e y
would have been
s a t i s f i e d i f t h e C o n f e r e n c e h a d c o n s i s t e d o f t h e N.Z.
papers only.
S m a l l c o l d s t o r e s used f o r t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t s and
l o c a t e d i n o r a d j a c e n t t o major European urban areas r e l i e d on
s u b d i v i s i o n o f compartments by f i r e p a r t i t i o n s .
Such p a r t i t i o n s ,
often
incomplete,
frequently
consisted
of
exposed
laid
up
insulation.
The u s e o f i n s u l a t e d s a n d w i c h p a n e l s h a s g r o w n r a p i d l y .
Foamed
p o l y u r a t h a n e h a s t e n d e d t o s u p e r s e d e t h e u s e o f foamed p o l y s t y r e n e
insulation.
F i r e p r o t e c t i o n , i n t h e m a j o r i t y o f cases, r e l i e d on t h e u s e o f
e x t e r n a l r i n g m a i n s and h y d r a n t s w i t h a s s o c i a t e d e q u i p m e n t a t
strategic locations.
The u s e o f smoke d e t e c t o r s a s a w a r n i n g
d e v i c e was i n c r e a s i n g b u t b e c a u s e o f f a l s e a l a r m s m o s t s y s t e m s
were a c t i v a t e d o u t s i d e w o r k i n g h o u r s o n l y .
The u s e o f C O p s n u f f i n g a s d e s c r i b e d i n p a p e r s 1 7 a n d 1 8 t o g e t h e r
w i t h t h e r e p o r t s o f smoke d e t e c t o r s b e i n g s u c c e s s f u l ( a t V a l e n c e ,
France)
were
well
received.
In
view
of
the
potential
c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f p r o d u c t b y smoke, e v e n b e f o r e a f i r e d e v e l o p e d ,
t h e use o f an a l a r m / c o n t r o l s y s t e m t h a t i s c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e
p r o d u c t s t o r e d was c o n s i d e r e d a s t h e m o s t p r a c t i c a l .
Automatic s p r i n k l e r p r o t e c t i o n i n s t a l l a t i o n s w i t h i n the i n s u l a t e d
e n v e l o p e was r a r e .
Paper 1 6 , t h a t p r e s e n t e d t h i s method o f
p r o t e c t i o n , received l i t t l e support.
No r e g u l a t i o n s w e r e
l o c a t e d t h a t p l a c e d r e s t r i c t i o n s on t h e
o v e r a l l q u a n t i t y o f foam p l a s t i c i n s u l a t i o n e x c e p t f r o m N o r w a y
European b u i l d i n g r e g u l a t i o n s r e q u i r e d m a t e r i a l s i n
(Paper 3 ) .
various
locations
to
comply
with
a
particular
level
of
I f i n s u l a t i o n p r o p e r t i e s were r e q u i r e d i n t h a t
combustibility.
l o c a t i o n t h e n t h e c o m b u s t i b i l i t y r e q u i r e m e n t s had t o be met.
An
article
by
Rogowski,
(Appendix
3)
outlines
the
current
UK
position.
The n e c e s s i t y f o r t r a i n i n g p e r s o n n e l i n d e p t h , f r e q u e n t r e t r a i n i n g
s e s s i o n s i n c l u d i n g t h e use o f equipment t o e x t i n g u i s h p r a c t i c e
fires,
a n d a u d i o v i s u a l a i d s c o u l d n o t be e m p h a s i z e d e n o u g h .
T r a i n i n g s h o u l d n o t be r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e f i r e o r rescue squad b u t
t o a l l workers w i t h i n the c o l d store.
I n t h e m a j o r i t y o f c a s e s t h e i n s u r a n c e o f t h e f a c i l i t y was
arranged by discussion w i t h t h e i n s u r e r during design.
The l e v e l
of
f i r e p r o t e c t i o n i n s t a l l e d beyond t h a t
called
for
by t h e
b u i l d i n g r e g u l a t i o n s was a management d e c i s i o n made i n r e s p o n s e t o
t h e i n s u r e r ' s premium o f f e r s .
The u s e o f a u t o m a t e d s t o r a g e a n d r e t r i e v a l s y s t e m s i n E u r o p e
tended t o c a t e r f o r t h e c o l d s t o r a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n s i t u a t i o n where
many d i f f e r e n t p r o d u c t s a r e s t o r e d i n t h e o n e c o l d s t o r e .
These
o p e r a t i o n s r e q u i r e a m u l t i t u d e o f p i c k i n g faces.
The b u l k p r o d u c t
s t o r a g e s i t u a t i o n o f t h e N.Z. Meat I n d u s t r y d i d n o t o f t e n o c c u r i n
E u r o p e b e c a u s e t h e p r o d u c e r was s m a l l e r a n d l o c a t e d c l o s e t o t h e
consumer market.
SELECTED ITEMS FROM THE PAPERS OF PARTICULAR RELEVANCE T O THE
NEW ZEALAND SITUATION
1.
P a p e r No. 1
Germany.
Jacobs " F i r e P r o t e c t i o n i n Cold S t o r e s "
-
The German S t a n d a r d D I N 410 d i s t i n g u i s h e s b e t w e e n c o m b u s t i b l e
( B ) and n o n - c o m b u s t i b l e ( A ) i n s u l a t i o n .
(Appendix 4).
The maximum a l l o w a b l e b u i l d i n g v o l u m e b e t w e e n f i r e b r e a k s
o f t h e m o s t i n f l a m m a b l e i n s u l a t i o n ( m a t e r i a l B 3 ) i s 24,000m3
b u t must be c o n t a i n e d w i t h i n f i r e p a r t i t i o n s o f 14 h o u r s
FRR.
Non-combustible i n s u l a t i o n ( m a t e r i a l A ) i s accepted i n
b u i l d i n g v o l u m e s o f 48,000m3, b u t t h e h e i g h t i s r e s t r i c t e d t o
14.5m.
These f i g u r e s were a r r i v e d a t b y d i s c u s s i o n b e t w e e n
i n s u r e r s and o p e r a t o r s .
The e q u i v a l e n t v o l u m e r e s t r i c t i o n i n F r a n c e i s 65,000m3.
(DZ 4 2 1 6 a l l o w a n c e r a n g e s f r o m 58,000m3 t o 85,000m3 d e p e n d i n g
on a c c e s s i b i l i t y .
NZS 1 9 0 0 , C h a p t e r 5 d o e s n o t l i m i t
volume.
E l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t was a c k n o w l e d g e d a s t h e m a i n s o u r c e o f
i g n i t i o n i n a c o l d s t o r e under o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s .
The
u s e o f s p e c i a l n o n - c o m b u s t i b l e i n s u l a t i o n was a d v o c a t e d f o r
s e a l i n g p e n e t r a t i o n s around e l e c t r i c a l cables.
The p r i n c i p a l
external ring
DVGW 4 0 5 c a l l
2 hours.
for
classification
means o f f i r e e x t i n g u i s h i n g was w a t e r f r o m a n
m a i n and h y d r a n t s y s t e m .
German r e g u l a t i o n s
f o r an i n d u s t r i a l w a t e r s u p p l y o f 3200 l / m i n
(This
supply
i s
less
than
half
the
2 c a l l e d f o r u n d e r DZ 4 2 1 6 . )
The u s e o f a u t o m a t i c s p r i n k l e r
stores,
even i f g l y c o l f i l l e d ,
o f C02 s n u f f i n g .
2.
P a p e r No. 2
Warehouses"
-
protection
was r a r e ,
systems
a s was
i n cold
t h e use
Toole
I1Fire Prevention i n Refrigerated
England
T h i s w e l l presented paper i n c l u d e d u s e f u l s t a t i s t i c s based on
'Frigoscandia'
in-house
information
that
i s
not
easily
obtainable.
Whilst acknowledging several d i s a s t r o u s f i r e s
i n Europe,
Toole p u t s t h e f i r e r i s k i n p e r s p e c t i v e w i t h
respect t o f i r e protection authorities.
" N a t u r a l l y , s u c h i n c i d e n t s , s i m i l a r i n a way
t o an a i r l i n e c r a s h h a v e c a u s e d b a d p u b l i c i t y
and t h r o u g h t h e i r m a g n i t u d e i t i s l i k e l y t h a t
people l e s s than knowledgeable w i t h t h e
c o n s t r u c t i o n o f c o l d s t o r e s may b e l e d t o t h i n k
t h a t f i r e s a f e t y i s t h e number o n e a s p e c t when
a c o l d s t o r e i s designed."
f
I n making use o f these s t a t i s t i c s i t i s important t o n o t e
t h a t a m a j o r f i r e i s d e f i n e d as one t h a t a c t u a l l y d e s t r o y e d
m e r c h a n d i s e o r t h e F i r e B r i g a d e was c a l l e d .
S t o r e s undeir
10,000m3 w e r e n o t i n c l u d e d .
The a n a l y s i s showed t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e a v e r a g e age o f a l l
s t o r e s was 1 1 y e a r s , o n e t h i r d o f a l l f i r e s s t a r t e d i n t h e
i n s u l a t i o n f r o m whatever cause.
However, i n a l l c a s e s t h e
i n s u l a t i o n was o p e n , c o m b u s t i b l e a n d l a i d - u p t o a s t r u c t u r a l
wall.
No a c c i d e n t
or
i n c i d e n t had o c c u r r e d where an
i n s u l a t e d sandwich panel i g n i t e d f i r s t .
W h e r e r e f e r e n c e h a s b e e n made i n t h e p a p e r t o f i r e s b u r n i n g
f o r days r a t h e r t h a n hours these occurred i n b u i l d i n g s o f
massive c o n s t r u c t i o n with l a i d up i n s u l a t i o n .
This type o f
c o n s t r u c t i o n p r e v e n t e d b u r n o u t v e n t i n g a n d a s n o v e n t i n g was
p r o v i d e d t h e r e s u l t i n g i n t e n s e h e a t g e n e r a t e d consumed a l l
s t o r e d p r o d u c t s and d e s t r o y e d t h e s t r u c t u r a l e l e m e n t s a l s o .
The
paper
r e p o r t e d on
ten instances o f
fires
involving
b u i l d i n g s a d j a c e n t t o c o l d s t o r e s b u t where n o s p r e a d t o t h e
cold
stores
resulted,
probably
as
a
result
o f
fire
partitions.
(DZ 4 2 1 6 s e p a r a t e s a l l o t h e r o c c u p a n c i e s f r o m
c o l d s t o r e s by f i r e p a r t i t i o n s o r adequate separation.)
F r i g o s c a n d i a h a v e e x p e r i m e n t e d w i t h s m o k e d e t e c t o r s w i t h some
success.
Those f i t t e d w i t h a h e a t i n g r i n g t o e l i m i n a t e i c e
c r y s t a l s have been e n c o u r a g i n g l y s u c c e s s f u l .
However, t h e
location
o f
the
detector
was
o f
utmost
importance
and
positions adjacent t o fan operated r e f r i g e r a t i o n u n i t s could
be susceptible t o fog generation during defrost operations.
The
detector
system
required
two
detectors
on
separate
c i r c u i t s t o be a c t i v a t e d b e f o r e a g e n e r a l alarm responded.
Activation
o f
the
alarm
shut
down
the
refrigeration/
v e n t i l a t i o n system.
D i s c u s s i o n on t h i s paper r e v e a l e d t h a t c o l d s t o r e o p e r a t o r s
other than Frigoscandia,
h a v e u s e d smoke d e t e c t o r s a s an
alarm system o u t s i d e working hours only.
During normal
d a i l y o p e r a t i o n s t h e systems have been s w i t c h e d o f f .
An Y
a l a r m would be r a i s e d by t h e c o l d s t o r e o p e r a t o r s / f r e e z e r
h a n d s who h a v e r e c e i v e d i n t e n s i v e a n d e x t e n s i v e t r a i n i n g i n
s a f e t y and good housekeeping.
A c a s e was r e l a t e d o f b u r g l a r s u s i n g o x y / a c e t y l e n e e q u i p m e n t
who c u t a h o l e 1 m 2 t h o u g h p o l y u r e t h a n e s a n d w i c h p a n e l s t o
extract
product stored inside.
The b u r g l a r y
was
not
discovered for a considerable period.
E x p e r i e n c e by F r i g o s c a n d i a showed t h a t :
-
smoke c a u s e d m o r e damage t o p r o d u c t t h a n f i r e s
-
smoke was p r o d u c e d b y f i r e s t h a t d i d n o t d e v e l o p
t h e e a r l y w a r n i n g o f smoke p r e s e n c e was o f m o r e i m p o r t a n c e
than f i r e presence i n terms o f o v e r a l l loss.
R e f e r e n c e was made t o f i r e s o r i g i n a t i n g f r o m d o o r h e a t i n g
cables.
(DZ 4 2 1 6 r e q u i r e s h e a t i n g c a b l e s t o b e i s o l a t e d b y
non-combustible elements from timber o r i n s u l a t i o n . )
3.
P a p e r No. 3
Cold Stores"
This
paper
resulted.
was
Bjerknes,
Norway
not
N u s s e n & Houde
presented,
therefore
"Fire
no
Hazard i n
discussion
.
The p a p e r n o t e d t h a t f e w f i r e s h a v e o c c u r r e d i n c o l d s t o r e s
i n Norway o r Sweden, w i t h n o f i r e s o r i g i n a t i n g i n s i d e t h e
cold store.
However, d o o r h e a t i n g c a b l e s h a v e been a s o u r c e
o f ignition.
The
paper
emphasised
the
extreme
nature
of
building
r e g u l a t i o n s i n N o r w a y w i t h r e s p e c t t o a l l o w a b l e a r e a s o f foam
insulation.
As a r e s u l t t h e w i d e s p r e a d u s e o f m i n e r a l w o o l
i n s u l a t i o n d e v e l o p e d t o overcome t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f c o n c r e t e
encasements
or
similar
treatment
of
foamed
plastic
insulants.
On t h i s b a s i s m i n e r a l w o o l i n s u l a t i o n was
competative i n price.
The r e s t r i c t i v e r e g u l a t i o n s d a t e f r o m
1 9 6 9 when foamed p l a s t i c i n s u l a t i o n was new a n d u s e d f o r
small c o l d store u n i t s only.
The r e g u l a t i o n s w e r e s a i d t o
b e i n need o f u p d a t i n g .
4.
P a p e r No. 4
Cold Stores"
-
Senn
"Security
Switzerland
and F i r e P r e v e n t i o n i n
The S w i s s b u i l d i n g r e g u l a t i o n s r a t e t h e c o m b u s t i b i l i t y o f
elements
of
structure
into
grades
I-VI
i.e.
easily
c o m b u s t i b l e t o non combust.ible.
The g r a d i n g r e q u i r e d i n a
p a r t i c u l a r l o c a t i o n was d e t e r m i n e d b y s e p a r a t i o n d i s t a n c e .
The p a p e r d e s c r i b e d an 1,800m2 c o l d s t o r e c o n s t r u c t e d i n 1 9 8 1
which r e q u i r e d t h e i n s u l a t i o n elements t o conform t o grade V
Combustibility with Difficulty.
T h i s was a c h i e v e d b y
c o n c r e t e f a c i n g t o foam i n s u l a t i o n o r b y u s i n g u p t o 5mm
s t e e l sheet t o t h e e x t e r i o r .
I r e l a n d a l s o used t h e Dutch
system t o reduce t h e c o m b u s t i b i l i t y o f t h e i n s u l a t i o n .
-
I n o r d e r t o s a t i s f y i n s u r a n c e r e q u i r e m e n t s an a u t o m a t i c
a l a r m was i n s t a l l e d .
fire
H e a t i n g e l e m e n t s a r o u n d d o o c w a y s w e r e r e s t r i c t e d t o 6-10W
24-30V.
( D Z 4216 c o v e r s r e s t r i c t i o n s on t h e m o u n t i n g
door heating devices but not t h e supply voltage).
at
o f
'.
To r e d u c e m o i s t u r e e n t r y i n t o c o l d s t o r e s a l l d o o r w a y s g i v i n g
f o r k l i f t access were c o n s t r u c t e d w i t h a i r l o c k s .
The p a p e r c o n c l u d e d t h a t a d d i t i o n a l f i r e p r e v e n t i o n m e a s u r e s
s u c h a s smoke v e n t s o r i n e r t g a s d i s c h a r g e s y s t e m s c o u l d o n l y
be j u s t i f i e d by a corresponding r e d u c t i o n i n f i r e i n s u r a n c e
premium.
5.
P a p e r No. 5
Duiven & T w i l t
o f Cold Stores i n the Netherlands"
"Policies for F i r e Safety
Holland
-
W h i l s t t h i s p a p e r p r e s e n t e d some u s e f u l d i s c u s s i o n o n t h e
p r o b a b l i s t i c approach t o f i r e p r o t e c t i o n measures and c o s t
b e n e f i t a n a l y s i s , t h e s y s t e m f e l l down o w i n g t o t h e l a c k o f
i n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e on c o l d s t o r e f i r e s , e s p e c i a l l y from
the insurance industry.
6.
P a p e r No.
France
-
11
Kruppa
"Fire Safety i n Steel Buildings"
T h i s paper c o n s i d e r e d t h e v a r i o u s methods o f p r o t e c t i n g
s t r u c t u r a l s t e e l members f r o m f i r e a n d t h e b e n e f i t s g a i n e d ,
i f any, o f a d d i t i o n a l p r o t e c t i o n i n c o l d s t o r e s .
By t h e
time
a
structural
steel
member
reached
the
critical.
t e m p e r a t u r e o f 500" - 600°C t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e c o l d s t o r e
8 0 0 " ~i.e.
the
w o u l d have reached a t e m p e r a t u r e o f 700"
c o n t e n t s would have been destroyed.
The a i m o f t h e d e s i g n
was,
therefore,
t o ensure t h a t a l o c a l collapse d i d n o t
a f f e c t t h e remainder o f t h e structure.
-
7.
P a p e r No.
Panels"
12
-
Hagnoul
France
"Fire
R e s i s t a n c e o f C o l d Room
The p a p e r a n d a s s o c i a t e d f i l m o f t e s t s o n s m a l l i n s u l a t e d
rooms demonstrated t h e v a r i o u s f i r e r e a c t i o n s r e s u l t i n g from
p o l y s t y r e n e and p o l y u r e t h a n e sandwich p a n e l s w i t h d i f f e r e n t
surface coatings.
R e s u l t s showed t h a t o n t h e F r e n c h b a s i s o f c o m b u s t i b i l i t y o f
materials
from
MO-M4
(M4
self
extinguishing)
a
M1
p o l y u r e t h a n e ( n o t isocyanurate) sandwich panel faced with M I
r a t e d m e t a l s k i n s l a s t e d u p t o 28 m i n u t e s .
Temperatures
r e c o r d e d w i t h i n t h e t e s t r o o m w e r e o n l y 50% o f t h o s e r e a c h e d
u s i n g M4 p o l y s t y r e n e o r M4 p o l y u r e t h a n e , b o t h o f w h i c h w e r e
destroyed within 7 minutes.
-
T h e w a r n i n g was g i v e n t h a t t h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d b y t h e t e s t
were
not
conclusive
enough
t o
predict
an
actual
FRR
performance i n a r e a l f i r e s i t u a t i o n .
8.
P a p e r 13
France
Georges
-
This paper discussed
door frame namely
-
" H e a t e d D o o r F r a m e s f o r C o l d Rooms"
various
options
for
p r o v i d i n g a heated
(a)
H e a t i n g c a b l e s i s o l a t e d f r o m t h e i n s u l a t i o n ( A s DZ
4216.1
(b)
Hot a i r channel,
l e n g t h t o 39m.
(c)
Hot water channel w i t h a n t i f r e e z e a d d i t i v e ,
w h i c h were n o t r e c o r d e d .
found t o be l i m i t e d i n p e r i p h e r a l
results o f
C o l d r e s i s t a n c e c a b l e i n s u l a t i o n was n o t f i r e p r o o f .
I t was
recommended t h a t s i l i c o n b a s e d i n s u l a t i o n p r o v i d e d t h e b e s t
compromise.
A l t h o u g h Germany u s e d a 220V f u s e d s y s t e m t h e C o n f e r e n c e i n
general favoured low voltage cable heaters.
9.
P a p e r No.
Systems"
The p a p e r
aroused.
-
16
Boward
France
was n o t a b l e f o r
"Sprinkler
the lack o f
Fire Extinction
comment
or
discussion
The c o s t i n s t a l l e d was e s t i m a t e d a t 1 5 ~ ~ /= m$ ~ ~ 3 . 3 0 / r n( ~
cf
c o s t s f o r C02 s n u f f i n g p a p e r s 1 7 a n d 1 8 ) .
D i s a d v a n t a g e s acknowledged were t h a t any a i r
r e q u i r e d e h u m i d i f y i n g and t h a t a w a t e r / g l y c o l
n e c e s s i t a t e re-mixing s e v e r a l times per year.
10.
system
system
would
would
P a p e r No. 17
Duport
" F i r e E x t i n c t i o n i n Low
France
T e m p e r a t u r e Rooms ( A C02 S n u f f i n g S y s t e m ) "
-
P a p e r No. 18
Duport, Devere
" F i r e E x t i n c t i o n Tests
France
CO2 i n t h e P i l o t I n s t a l l a t i o n o f V a l e n c e "
-
with
T e s t s c a r r i e d o u t w i t h i n a 7500m3 c o l d s t o r e u s i n g a c a r b o n
dioxide
( ~ 0 ~ s )n u f f i n g
system
indicated
satisfactor
p e r f o r m a n c e a n d moves w e r e now i n h a n d t o e q u i p a 65,000m
cold store.
A l t e r n a t i v e g a s e s t o t h e C02 w o u l d b e h a l o g e n s
and n i t r o g e n .
The p a p e r d i s c u s s e d t h e v a r i o u s a d v a n t a g e s
a n d d . i s a d v a n t a g e s o f a C02 s y s t e m w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e t e s t
building.
3
The g a s s y s t e m was n o t a c t i v a t e d d u r i n g n o r m a l w o r k i n g
hours t o prevent asphyxiation o f personnel.
The t o t a l
p e r i o d o f a c t i v a t i o n was 1 2 8 o u t o f 1 6 8 h o u r s / w e e k
i.e.
76%.
The b u i l d i n g was f i t t e d w i t h a g e n e r a l
s e c u r i t y l o c k and m a n u a l o v e r - r i d e t o s h u t down t h e
s y s t e m when t h e b u i l d i n g was e n t e r e d .
The
asphyxiation
halogens.
problem
would
be
with
reduced
1-02 was b e t w e e n 5 - 1 0 t i m e s l e s s c o s t l y t h a n h a l o g e n .
IFF/^ = $Nz0.25/m3
C o s t o f C02 g a s
Cost o f system
~ - I o F F / ~=~ $ ~ ~ 1 . 5 0 - $ ~ ~ 2 . 2 5 / m 3 .
C 0 2 was l e s s c o s t l y t h a n n i t r o g e n .
C02 c a u s e d l e s s r e s i d u a l damage t h a n w a t e r .
C02 was s t o r e d o u t s i d e t h e b u i l d i n g i n u n i n s u l a t e d
t a n k s o f h i g h y i e l d s t e e l a t 20 b a r , o n t h e b a s i s o f
500gm/m3
i.e.
3500kg
for
the
7500m3
cold
store.
N i t r o g e n r e q u i r e d a h i g h p r e s s u r e system a t a b o u t 20
bar.
Safety devices included tanks with explosion discs,
o p t i c a l l e v e l g a u g e s a n d a C02 d e t e c t i o n s y s t e m i n t h e
store.
detection
used
an
ionisation
system
sensitive
co2
enough t o d e t e c t w e l d i n g i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h e s t o r e .
D e t e c t i o n o n t w o s e p a r a t e c i r c u i t s was n e c e s s a r y b e f o r e
r e l e a s e o f C02.
The s y s t e m h a d o p e r a t e d f o r 4 y e a r s
with no f a l s e alarms.
I n j e c t i o n o f C02 r e q u i r e d a 2 0 % i n c r e a s e i n
within t h e store.
An e x p a n s i o n v a l v e , 1 8 0 0 x
was i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e c e i l i n g .
volume
800mm,
No i c i n g u p p r o b l e m s o c c u r r e d .
C02 i n c o n t a c t w i t h f o o d was a c c e p t a b l e .
Halogenated
products could contaminate
f o o d a n d was b a r r e d i n
U.S.A.
D e s c r i p t i o n s o f a d i s p e r s a l t e s t and
were t h e b a s i s o f t h e second paper.
an
extinguishing
test
D i s c h a r g e o c c u r r e d t h r o u g h 2 No. 5mm d i a m e t e r o r i f i c e s f o r
1.2 m i n u t e s .
The t i m e o f d i s c h a r g e a n d d e s i g n d e n s i t y o f
C02 o f 0.7kg/m3
was a f f e c t e d b y a p o w e r f a i l u r e r e s u l t i n g i n
a n a c t u a l d e n s i t y o f 0.5kg/m3.
F l a r e s i n s t o r m lamps were
e x t i n g u i s h e d a f t e r 2 m i n u t e s when t h e o x y g e n l e v e l h a d b e e n
r e d u c e d t o 18%.
Minimum o x y g e n l e v e l r e a c h e d was 15%.
The
Co2 d i f f u s e d q u i c k l y , w i t h t h e h e a v i e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n a t t h e
b o t t o m o f t h e s t o r e where r e q u i r e d .
V i s i b i l i t y remained
good.
The r a t e o f d i s c h a r g e o f C02 was d e s i g n e d t o c o n t r o l f i r e s t o
the extent
that
flames
d i s a p p e a r e d b u t embers w o u l d b e
e x t i n g u i s h e d b y n o r m a l means.
V e n t i l a t i o n o f the store allowed personnel without p r o t e c t i o n
N a t u r a l v e n t i l a t i o n was d e p e n d e n t o n
t o e n t e r a f t e r 1 hour.
door c o n f i g e r a t i o n .
11.
P a p e r No. 1 9
Maurice, Bonnaire
P r e v e n t i o n i n a Large Cold Store"
-
" A Model o f F i r e
France
A l a r g e c o l d s t o r a g e c o m p l e x was d e s c r i b e d
subsequently v i s i t e d by delegates.
i n the
paper
and
The t o t a l s t o r a g e v o l u m e o f 230,000m3 was d i v i d e d b y 2 h o u r
FRR w a l l s i n t o 4 a r e a s t h e maximum b e i n g 80,000m3.
Walls
w e r e e i t h e r 200mm m a s o n r y o r ISOMETAL m e t a l / m i n e r a l
fibre
i n s u l a t e d w a l l s as d e s c r i b e d i n t h e a d d i t i o n a l p a p e r u n d e r
p a r a g r a p h 12.
The r a t i n g o f d i v i s i o n w a l l s was s u p p l e m e n t e d b y d r e n c h e r
c u r t a i n s a n d w a t e r s p r a y s o v e r some r o o f s .
Activation o f
t h e d r e n c h e r s was t r i g g e r e d b y smoke d e t e c t o r s .
Gas
detectors
together
with
ionisation
smoke
detectors
complete w i t h h e a t e d heads formed t h e a l a r m system.
Heat
d e t e c t o r s were l o c a t e d i n t h e f o r k l i f t area.
A l l alarm
s y s t e m s were c e n t r a l i s e d i n t h e watchhouse f r o m w h i c h r o u n d s
l a s t i n g 2 h o u r s w e r e made e v e r y 3 h o u r s .
Smoke v e n t s w e r e l o c a t e d i n c o n n e c t i n g c o r r i d o r s .
(Smoke
v e n t i n g o f c o n n e c t i n g c o r r i d o r s i s one measure a d v o c a t e d b y
DZ 4 2 1 6 ) .
E x t i n g u i s h i n g would be c a r r i e d o u t u s i n g f i r s t
a i d e q u i p m e n t and f i r e h o s e s s u p p l i e d b y r i n g m a i n s a n d
hydrants.
A l l f i r e d o o r s were o p e r a t e d b y
b o l t s a c t i v a t e d by an a l a r m .
fusible
links
and m a g n e t i c
. -
The management i n t r o d u c e d a m o n t h l y f i r e d r i l l f o r t h e f i r e
squad w h i c h t r a i n e d on f i r e s s e t up i n open g r o u n d u s i n g t h e
f i r s t a i d equipment.
No s p r i n k l e r s w e r e i n s t a l l e d .
e s t a b l i s h e d by n e g o t i a t i o n .
Insurance
premiums
were
O p e r a t i o n o f t h e s t o r e s was b a s e d o n a r a c k e d p a l l e t s y s t e m
and F o r k l i f t s .
The l a t e s t e x t e n s i o n w o u l d i n c o r p o r a t e
punched c a r d c o n t r o l o f m o d i f i e d L a n s i n g B a g n e l l f o r k l i f t s
though cables b u r i e d within t h e wearing slab.
Each f o r k l i f t
No p e r s o n
v e h i c l e w a s f i t t e d w i t h i t s own s e n s i n g s y s t e m .
would work within t h e c o l d s t o r e .
T h e a u t o m a t i c s t o r a g e s y s t e m o p e r a t e d b y t h e f o r k l i f t s was
s u i t e d t o b u l k s t o r a g e o f p r o d u c t s and appeared t o have t h e
m o s t p o t e n t i a l f o r t h e N.Z. m e a t i n d u s t r y .
T h i s p a r t i c u l a r o p e r a t o r had undertaken a c a r e f u l l y e v a l u a t e d
study o f the f i r e r i s k s involved,
i n s t i t u t e d an overa.11
systematicapproach
to
the
problem
and
based
on
those
management d e c i s i o n s h a d n e g o t i a t e d t h e a p p r o p r i a t e i n s u r a n c e
contracts.
12.
Additional
S tores"
-
Paper
France
" 1ncombustib.le
Andiffret
Cold
This paper d e s c r i b e d a p a r t i c u l a r i n s u l a t e d w a l l system under
The p a n e l s
t h e name o f ISOMETAL t h a t h a d a 2 h o u r FRR.
c o n s i s t e d o f 2-5mm s t e e l t r o u g h s h e e t l a i d h o r i z o n t a l l y a n d
f u l l y welded t o s t e e l columns t o p r o v i d e a complete e x t e r i o r
metal skin.
E x p a n s i o n j o i n t s were
r e q u i r e d a t 50-60m
centres.
I n e r t m i n e r a l w o o l o r g l a s s f i b r e i n s u l a t i o n was
in the
troughs
and
i n l a y e r s between v e r t i c a l
l a i d up
batters.
The n u m b e r o f l a y e r s was d i c t a t e d b y t h e r e q u i r e d
A f i n a l s t e e l trough sheet provided t h e
i n s u l a t i o n v,alue.
i n t e r i o r l a y e r and s u r f a c e f i n i s h .
Estimated p r i c e
5 0 0 ~ F / m o~ f w a l l
i n place
for
= $~~ll0/m2.
a
30,000m3
cold
store
i s
A s i m i l a r s y s t e m b a s e d i n G e r m a n y was m a r k e t e d u n d e r t h e name
o f ISOVER.
GENERAL DISCUSSIONS
Insulation Ratina
I t was s u g g e s t e d t h a t
t h e a u t h o r i t i e s i n H o l l a n d were l o o k i n g
t h e r e q u i r e m e n t f o r i n s u l a t e d p a n e l w a l l s t o p r o v i d e a FRR
b e t w e e n 15-45 m i n u t e s .
N o t h i n g o f f i c i a l has been p u b l i c i s e d .
G e r m a n y , i n g e n e r a l c a l l s f o r B1 c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
France, i n general c a l l s f o r M I c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
S w i t z e r l a n d , i n g e n e r a l c a l l s f o r 5-6 c l a s s i f i c a t i o n
at
o f
Smoke V e n t i n g
The C o n f e r e n c e was u n a n i m o u s t h a t smoke damage o r c o n t a m i n a t i o n o f
product
was
the
largest
s i n g l e problem associated w i t h c o l d
storage.
The
use o f
smoke
detectors
was
becoming
more
widespread.
The u s e o f c o n c r e t e o r m a s s i v e t y p e b u i . l d i n g s t h a t a t t r a c t t h e
b e s t i n s u r a n c e premiums caused t h e most p r o b l e m s w i t h r e s p e c t t o
smoke d i s p o s a l o r e l i m i n a t i o n .
S u g g e s t i o n s w e r e made t o s o l v e t h e p r o b l e m u s i n g :
1.
l i g h t w e i g h t p a n e l s t h a t w o u l d b u r n o u t and v e n t
2.
powered e x t r a c t v e n t i l a t i o n .
P r o b l e m s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h b u r n o u t p a n e l s were t h e c o n t i n u i t y o f
i n s u l a t i o n and t h e l a r g e a r e a n e c e s s a r y t o o b t a i n e f f e c t i v e
venting i n cold conditions.
Powered e x t r a c t v e n t i l a t i o n a l s o
r a i s e d problems i n m a i n t a i n i n g . e f f e c t i v e i n s u l a t i o n v a l u e s and
the size factor o f the units.
SITE V I S I T S
1.
V i s i t t o C e n t r e N a t i o n a l de P r e v e n t i o n e t de P r o t e c t i o n
Paris
19 March 1982
Laboratorv
-
Present:
Conference Delegates
T h i s e x t e n s i v e t e s t i n g l a b o r a t o r y was c o n c e r n e d n o t o n l y w i t h
t h e n o r m a l f i r e p r o t e c t i o n and f i r e p r e v e n t i o n a s p e c t s b u t
Methods i n c l u d e d
a l s o with s e c u r i t y i.e. b u r g l a r y prevention.
b u i l d i n g i n s a f e s , s p e c i a l c o n c r e t e m i x e s t o t r y and p r e v e n t
d e m o l i t i o n b y t h e r m a l l a n c e s and t h e l i k e .
Test w a l l s up t o
500mm t h i c k s h o w e d e v i d e n c e o f s u c c e s s f u l a t t a c k b y s u c h m e a n s .
Smoke G e n e r a t i o n
A smoke g e n e r a t i o n chamber a l l o w e d f u l l s c a l e t e s t s o f smoke
detectors
and comparsion o f
smoke
detectors.
Smoke was
g e n e r a t e d i n t h e c e n t r e o f t h e room b y t h e b u r n i n g o f p a p e r o r
plastic materials.
An a d j a c e n t r o o m c o n t a i n e d a t u n n e l i n w h i c h a d e t e c t o r c a n b e
10"~.
t e s t e d i n w i n d s u p t o 36km/hour and f r o m 100°C t o
-
Gas S n u f f i n g
Two s y s t e m s w e r e a c c e p t a b l e i n F r a n c e b e i n g e i t h e r h i g h o r l o w
On d e t e c t i o n o f s m o k e a n a l a r m s o u n d e d ,
lights
pressure.
f l a s h e d and f o l l o w i n g a one m i n u t e d e l a y f o r e v a c u a t i o n , gas
was d i s c h a r g e d .
T h i s d e l a y was s t a n d a r d f o r C 0 2 o r h a l o g e n
systems.
The d e t e c t o r s w e r e o n t w o i n d e p e n d e n t c i r c u i t s w i t h
n o a l a r m sounded u n t i l b o t h c i r c u i t s were a c t i v a t e d .
The C02
o p e r a t e d a t a p r e s s u r e o f 20 b a r .
C02
snuffing
as
demonstrated
i n s u r a n c e system i n France.
was
based
on
the
approved
S p r i n k l e r Room
The r o o m was t y p i c a l o f s p r i n k l e r t e s t r o o m s w i t h t h e a b i l i t y
t o c a r r y o u t m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o t h e normal t e s t as necessary.
General A c t i v i t i e s
A
s l i d e p r e s e n t a t i o n o u t l i n e d t h e work u n d e r t a k e n by t h e
O f p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t were c u r r e n t t e s t s o n
laboratory.
e l e c t r i c a l c a b l e runs.
S l i d e s showed f i r e s p r e a d u p a v e r t i c a l
Fire
c a b l e run t h a t t u r n e d t h r o u g h 90" underneath a c e i l i n g .
s p r e a d u p t h e c a b l e s was r a p i d .
S u b s e q u e n t s l i d e s showed t h e
e f f e c t o f a s p e c i a l p a i n t c o a t i n g t h a t r e d u c e d t.he f l a m e s p r e a d
v i r t u a l l y t o zero.
The e f f e c t o f t y i n g c a b l e s w i t h p l a s t i c
t i e s was d e m o n s t r a t e d .
These m e l t e d , a l l o w i n g s u s p e n d e d c a b l e s
t o f a l l f r e e and s p r e a d t h e f i r e .
Extinguishing Tests
A
d e m o n s t r a t i o n was o r g a n i s e d t o shown t h e e f f e c t o f v a r i o u s
n o z z l e s on s t a n d a r d f i r s t a i d e x t i n g u i s h i n g equipment.
The
method
of
attack
was
dependent
on
the
equipment
used.
Demonstrations included
-
Kerosene
Medium f u e l
o i l fraction
s h o r t n o z z l e used as a k n i f e a t
a b o u t 500mm d i s t a n c e .
-
l o n g n o z z l e used a t about 1 m e t r e d i s t a n c e
-
u s e d a w a t e r s p r a y w i t h foam i n c l u s i o n .
The foam s p r e a d p r e v e n t e d r e - i g n i t i o n .
-
Petrol
Propane
foam e x t i n g u i s h e r
v e r t i c a l nozzle leak
u s i n g d r y powder
-
2.
-
attacked from below
l e a k i n g flange-water spray used t o d r i v e
o f f t h e flame t o a l l o w a v a l v e t o be
closed.
V i s i t t o Centre N a t i o n a l de P r e v e n t i o n e t de P r o t e c t i o n ,
Paris
2 5 March 1982
-
Present:
Colonel
M r H.
M r J.
J.
Auger
Hunt
Columbies
(Interpreter)
Office
P r e v e n t i o n e t de
Protection
N.Z H i g h C o m m i s s i o n
M o r r i s o n Cooper &
Partners
M. C o l u m b i e s was p r e v i o u s l y i n c h a r g e o f t h e P a r i s F i r e S e r v i c e
( 6 0 0 0 m e n ) , now a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f f i r e
s a f e t y and f i r e p r o t e c t i o n r e g u l a t i o n s .
F r e n c h r e g u l a t i o n s a p p l y n a t i o n a l l y and a r e f o r m u l a t e d u n d e r
t h r e e main headings administered by t h r e e separate m i n i s t r i e s .
a)
b
c)
B u i l d i n g s o v e r 3Om h e i g h t
P u b l i c b u i l d i n g s ( i n c l u d i n g p l a c e s o f assembly)
I n d u s t r i a l and c o m m e r c i a l b u i l d i n g s
a ) and b ) a r e c o n t r o l l e d b y t h e e q u i v a l e n t o f t h e M i n i s t r y o f
Internal Affairs.
The e m p h a s i s o f t h e s e r e g u l a t i o n s i s t o
p r o t e c t people.
c ) are c o n t r o l l e d by M i n i s t r y o f
industry.
The e m p h a s i s o f t h e s e
protect property.
Works a n d t h e i n s u r a n c e
regulations i s mainly t o
To p r o t e c t p e o p l e t h e r e g u l a t i o n s c o v e r
A
Materials
Ignitability
Surface spread o f flame
and s i m i l a r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
With r e s p e c t t o i n s u l a t e d p a n e l s , t h e m e t a l s k i n g i v e s good
This s a t i s f i e s t h e Ministry of
r e s u l t s f o r these tests.
I n t e r n a l A f f a i r s , t h e r e f o r e no o t h e r p r o b l e m i s s e e n on t h e i r
part.
The i n t e r n a l i n s u l a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e n e g l e c t e d .
B
Resistance t o Fire
These a r e t h e n o r m a l
f i r e r e s i s t a n c e r a t i n g tests
a p p l i c a b l e t o e l e m e n t s . R e q u i r e m e n t s v a r y from 4 h o u r t o
4 hours.
As
a
test
for
m a t e r i a l s must be
fire
leakproof t o f i r e
structurally stable
prevent passage of
inflammable gases
or
stability
incorporate
or
suitability
protection
the
against
Regulations are contained i n the following:
Book 1
Book 2
Book 3
R e f e r e n c e No. 1 1 0 1 , 1 9 7 9
R e f e r e n c e No. 1 4 7 7 ,
Code d u T r a v a i l 1 9 7 8
-
Public Buildings
Control o f Fire
A l l a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r p u r c h a s e from
Journal Official
2 6 Rue D e s a i v
75015 P a r i s
Recommendations
o f Finance.
for
insurance
are
controlled
by
the
Ministry
C o n t a c t a d d r e s s f o r any d a t a w i t h r e s p e c t t o c u r r e n t p l a n n i n g
a n d f u t u r e p r o p o s a l s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s i s CSTR.
M. Mathex
C e n t r e S c i e n t i f i q u e e t Technique du B a t i m e n t
4 A v e Recteur P o i n c a r r e
75016 P a r i s
Training
An a u d i o v i s u a l p r e s e n t a t i o n f o r s a f e t y i n c o l d s t o r a g e i s
s t i l l b e i n g e d i t e d up p r i o r t o g e n e r a l r e l e a s e .
I t was
o r i g i n a l l y prepared f o r use by t h e f i r e departments t o t r a i n
S a f e t y O f f i c e r s who w o u l d t h e n t r a i n t h e s t a f f .
Details o f
c o s t were n o t a v a i l a b l e .
The p r e s e n t a t i o n w o u l d b e a v a i l a b l e
i n v a r i o u s languages.
3.
V
t o M o e t a n d Chandon
. i s i t
kpernay, France
24 M a r c h 1 9 8 2
The p a c k i n g , s t o r a g e and d i s t r i b u t i o n a r e a
champagne, b u t a l s o o t h e r b o t t l e d d r i n k s .
handled
not
only
Storage s t a t i s t i c s .
Dimensions
80m x 24m x 14m h i g h
Storage
4800 p a l l e t s ( t i m b e r )
6 pallets high
4 t o 5 p a l l e t s wide o f f each a i s l e
Temperature
+
Operation
2 s t a c k e r c r a n e s each o p e r a t i n g a
M i l l s - K r e t r i e v a l module.
10°C
C a r t o n e d p r o d u c t s were s t a c k e d
of the packing l i n e .
Each p a l
f o r c o r r e c t o v e r a l l dimensions
The c o n t r o l l e r
selected
the
dispatch.
o n t o t i m b e r p a l l e t s a t t h e end
l e t was i n s p e c t e d b y l i g h t r a y s
and v i s u a l l y b y t h e c o n t r o l l e r .
option o f
storage
or
direct
The p a l l e t was a u t o m a t i c a l l y t r a n s p o r t e d b y a c o n v e y o r s y s t e m
t o one o f t w o s t o r a g e i n p u t p o r t s .
The s t a c k e r c r a n e t o o k t h e
p a l l e t down t h e a i s l e and up t o t h e s e l e c t e d s t o r a g e row.
The r e t r i e v a l m o l e t r a n s p o r t e d t h e p a l l e t o f f t h e s t a c k e r c r a n e
a n d down t h e r o w i n t o t h e s t a c k p o s i t i o n , d e p o s i t e d t h e p e l l e t
and r e t u r n e d t o t h e crane.
The m o l e r e c e i v e d i n s t r u c t i o n s v i a
i t s u m b i l i c a l c o r d attached t o t h e s t a c k e r crane.
Retrieval
for
d i s p a t c h was
a reverse operations with the
s t a c k e r crane discharging onto t h e discharge conveyor.
Stacker
c r a n e s c o u l d move f r o m o n e a i s l e t o t h e o t h e r ,
but with
difficulty.
Operation Role
Each s t a c k e r c r a n e c o u l d a c h i e v e 28 movements/hour
operation i.e. e i t h e r storage or dispatch.
i n one t y p e
T o t a l movements f o r t h e s t o r e - 5 6 p a l l e t s / h o u r .
If p r o g r a m m e d t o d o b o t h s t o r a g e a n d d i s p a t c h t h e s t o r e c o u l d
h a n d l e 80 p a l l e t s / h o u r .
S t o r a g e System
A l l p r o d u c t s o f o n e t y p e w e r e s t a c k e d i n t h e same r o w .
The
in
first
out
principle
was
observed
within
the
first
r e s t r i c t i o n o f t h e capacity o f t h e row i.e.
4 or 5 pallets.
A
d o u b l e p a l l e t was u s e d .
T h e u p p e r o n e was s t a n d a r d a n d
The l o w e r p a l l - e t was s p e c i a l l y
d i s p a t c h e d w i t h t h e goods.
d e s i g n e d f o r t h e r a c k s and remained i n t h e s t o r e .
Manpower
No-one
worked
within
the
store proper.
Apart
from t h e
c o n t r o l l e r , o n e o t h e r p e r s o n h a n d l e d t h e p u n c h e d c a r d s f o r make
up o f dispatch orders.
An I B M c o m p u t e r was u s e d .
I n s t a l l a t i o n and Maintenance
Many t e e t h i n g p r o b l e m s
T h e p l a n t was i n s t a l l e d i n 1973.
o c c u r r e d m a i n l y due t o t h e i n t e r n a l p l a n t , e l e c t r i c a l work and
feed o u t equipment a l l b e i n g handled under separate
feed i n
contracts.
Once t h e c o m m i s s i o n i n g p r o b l e m s w e r e r e s o l v e d v e r y
few breakdowns occurred.
-
T h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e s t o r e was d e s i g n e d t o s u i t t h e t h r o u g h p u t
o f t h e winery.
No i n c r e a s e i n t h r o u g h p u t was e x p e c t e d b u t
Moet and Chandon c o u l d n o t s e e any r e a s o n n o t t o i n s t a l l a
s i m i l a r p l a n t i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h e t e c h n o l o g i c a l improvements over
t h e past 9 years.
C o o l S t o r e C o n s t r u c t i o n and F i r e P r o t e c t i o n
T h e s t o r e was f r e e s t a n d i n g o n a p l a t f o r m o n a h i l l s i d e .
One
end o f t h e s t o r e formed an e x t e n s i o n o f t h e p a c k i n g h a l l .
C o n s t r u c t i o n was m e t a l c l a d i n s u l a t i o n s u p p o r t e d o f f t h e r a c k e d
system.
A u t o m a t i c s p r i n k l e r s were i n s t a l l e d a t 3 l e v e l s within t h e
racks.
Smoke d e t e c t o r s w e r e i n s t a l l e d a b o v e a l l o p e n i n g s
outside the store.
Store Efficiency
This
type
o f
store
o p e r a t i o n was
more e f f e c t i v e i n t h e
u t i l i z a t i o n o f space within t h e s t o r a g e volume t h a n t h e m u l t i I t was
a i s l e p a l l e t p i c k e r t h a t w o r k s o n l y one p a l l e t deep.
m o r e s u i t a b l e f o r o p e r a t i o n s i n v o l v i n g a few b u l k l i n e s r a t h e r
t h a n many i n d i v i d u a l l i n e s , s u c h a s i c e c r e a m p r o d u c t s .
I t was o b v i o u s t h a t t h e m e a s u r e o f e f f i c i e n c y h a d n o b e a r i n g
w i t h r e s p e c t t o number o f p a l l e t s w i t h i n a g i v e n v o l u m e .
To
o b t a i n m e a n i n g f u l c o m p a r i s o n s t o t a l i n s t a l l e d c o s t s and r u n n i n g
c o s t s i n c l u d i n g l a b o u r , must be r e l a t e d t o t h e r a t e o f h a n d l i n g
pallets.
4.
V i s i t t o G r u n z w e i g and H e r t m a n n M o n t a g e ,
L u d w i g s h a f e n , Germany
3 0 March 1982
Present:
G & H, M o n t a g e
G & H, M o n t a g e
M o r r i s o n Cooper &
Partners
R u d o l f Stemmier
Heinz Z e i l f e l d e r
J. H u n t
G & H M o n t a g e a r e a h u g e o r g a n i s a t i o n and o n e o f t h e l a r g e s t
insulation
manufacturers,
fabricators
and
cold
store
c o n t r a c t o r s i n Europe.
German r e g u l a t i o n s w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n s u l a t i o n a r e c o n t a i n e d i n
and DIN 1 8 1 6 4 .
Apart from F e d e r a l
r e g u l a t i o n s each s t a t e has
i t s
own r e g u l a t i o n s
and
even
B u i l d i n g s approved i n one
i n d i v i d u a l c i t i e s i f l a r g e enough.
a r e a may n o t b e a c c e p t e d i n a n o t h e r .
The u s e o f p o l y s t y r e n e
i n s u l a t i o n was d i m i n i s h i n g , b e i n g r e p l a c e d b y p o l y u r e t h a n e a n d
m i n e r a l wool.
DIN 4 1 0 2
Polyurethane Panels
p a n e l s w e r e f o r m e d w i t h a h o l l o w j o i n t a s shown i n F i g u r e
The e n d s o f t h e m e t a l s k i n s w e r e f o l d e d b a c k p r o u d o f t h e
foamed c o r e .
An e l o n g a t e d b r i d g e s e c t i o n was p o p p e d i n t o p l a c e
and s e c u r e d by a n y l o n b o l t .
The v o i d was foamed w i t h
p o l y u r e t h a n e and a c o l o u r c o a t e d c o v e r c h a n n e l s n a p p e d o v e r f o r
a e s t h e t i c . reasons.
T h i s j o i n t was c o n s i d e r e d b y G & H M o n t a g e
t o b e t h e m o s t e f f i c i e n t and c h e a p e s t p r o d u c e d .
The
I
metal snap in joint cwer
I
cotour c d e d snap in cover plate
Figure I - Wall Joint
An a l t e r n a t i v e j o i n t s h o w n i n F i g u r e I
consisted o f panels
with a l a r g e trough-section i n t e r l o c k i n g j o i n t .
The p a n e l s k i n
was
offset
to
the
insulation.
No o n - s i t e
material
was
necessary e x c e p t f o r a s i l i c o n e bead t o each.face.
silicone bead--t
panel
F i g u r e I1
-
Wall Joint
T h i s j o i n t was s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r p a n e . 1 l e n g t h s u p t o 10-15m.
B e y o n d t h a t l e n g t h t h e m o v e m e n t was t o g r e a t f o r t h e c a p a c i t y
o f t h e s i l i c o n e bead.
o o f p a n e l s , d e v e l o p e d b y F r i g o s c a n d i a , made u s e o f s t a n d a r d
ray section roofing sheets
for
t h e upper e x t e r i o r
face.
Wedges o f foam w e r e p u s h e d i n t o t h e r i b b e f o r e
F i g u r e 111).
p o l y u r e t h a n e foam i n t r o d u c e d .
P a n e l s were l a i d w i t h a c l i p o v e r snap j o i n t t o t h e r i b .
The m e t h o d o f m a i n t a i n i n g t h e
v a p o u r b a r r i e r was n o t s e e n .
F i g u r e 111
-
Roof J o i n t
Up t o 50mm o f g r a v e l was f r e q u e n t l y l a i d i n t h e r o o f i n g t r o u g h s
t o reduce heat.
Shade r o o f s o f t e n u s e d r a g f e l t u n d e r t h e
m e t a l s k i n t o r e d u c e t e m p e r a t u r e s i n t h e r o o f space.
The
density
of
p o l y s t y r e n e used under
floors
was u p t o
30kg/m3.
Normally, concrete wearing slabs,
reinforced with
mesh, w e r e u s e d r a t h e r t h a n p r e - s t r e s s e d f l o o r s .
I n t e r n a l p a r t i t i o n s were o f t e n formed f r o m p a n e l s f a c e 6 w i t h
8-10mm
thick
water
resistant
p a r t i c l e board faced w i t h a
polyester resin coating.
Used u p t o 2m i n l e n g t h t h e s t r e n g t h
was s a t i s f a c t o r y w i t h e i t h e r a p o l y s t y r e n e o r p o l y u r e t h a n e
core.
G & H. M o n t a g e h a v e n o t f o u n d w a r p i n g a p r o b l e m when
d i s s i m i l a r f a c i n g m a t e r i a l s were used.
Fire Protection
S p r i n k l e r s a r e c o n s i d e r e d n o good i n c o l d s t o r e s and h a v e n e v e r
b e e n i n s t a l l e d b y G & H. M o n t a g e .
"One
operator
installed
them
subsequently
and
has
spent
DM400,OOO = ( $ N Z 2 2 0 , 0 0 0 )
o v e r 2 y e a r s p l u s a C02 s y s t e m t h a t
does n o t work.
H o w e v e r , t h e i n s u r a n c e company was h a p p y a n d
g a v e a 3% r e d u c t i o n i n premium."
F i r e Ratings
G
&
H.
Montage
developed
the
ISOVER
i n s u l a t e d w a l l s y s t e m w i t h a 2 h r FRR.
steel/mineral
wool
E x t e r i o r t r a y s w e r e a l l o w e d t o move a g a i n s t w i d e n e d s t e e l
flanges w i t h a snapped-in t o p h a t section.
The v a p o u r b a r r i e r
was m a i n t a i n e d w i t h s i l i c o n e s e a l a n t s a s shown i n F i g u r e I V .
structural member
+silicone seals
Figure I V
-
F i r e r a t e d i n s u l a t e d w a l l system
A f i r e t e s t g i v i n g a r a t i n g o f 2 hr f o r a metal faced insulated
c e i l i n g had j u s t been completed.
D e t a i l s . o f t h e p a n e l were not
available.
5.
V i s i t t o F r i g o s c a n d i a SPA
Milan. I t a l v
Present:
Dr
J.
E n r i c o Compagnoni
Hunt
Frigoscandia
M o r r i s o n Cooper and
Partners
E x i s t i n g c o l d s t o r e s operated by Frigoscandia tended towards
massive construction.
Shade r o o f s w e r e n o t u s e d o v e r p a n e l
c o n s t r u c t i o n because o f h e a t b u i l d up and c o n d e n s a t i o n .
Roof
structures consisted o f prestressed concrete double tees w i t h
p o l y s t y r e n e l a i d d r y on t o p ,
and f i n i s h e d w i t h a s u i t a b l e
membrane.
W a l l p a n e l s were s t a n d a r d F r i g o s c a n d i a panels.
Under f l o o r
h e a t i n g u s e d l i q u i d c i r c u l a t e d t h r o u g h p i p e s at: 400mm c e n t r e s ;
i n a t 1 5 ' ~ , o u t a t 12°C.
H e a t was o b t a i n e d f r o m g a s e s o f f t h e
r e f r i g e r a t i o n compressors.
The s y s t e m was f u l l y c o n t r o l l a b l e
over 24 hours.
I
Fire Protection
No f i r e p r o t e c t i o n was b u i l t i n t o t h e c o l d s t o r e s v i s i t e d .
C o n c r e t e s t r u c t u r a l w a l l s a n d t h e c o n c r e t e r o o f p r o v i d e d some
conpartmentation.
Smoke d e t e c t o r s
were
not
found
to
be
s a t i s f a c t o r y a l t h o u g h some w e r e i n s t a l l e d .
I n g e n e r a l r e l i a n c e was p l a c e d o n e x t e r n a l w a t e r m a i n s a n d
h y d r a n t s w i t h e a s y a c c e s s t o h y d r a n t k e y s , u p s t a n d s , h o s e s and
nozzles, l o c a t e d i n g l a s s boxes a t frequent i n t e r v a l s .
Good
t r a i n i n g o f a l l p e r s o n n e l was c o n s i d e r e d e s s e n t i a l .
6.
V i s i t t o Freddindustria
Aprila
Rome
-
Present:
-
Magazzini G e n e r a l i SPA
7 A p r i l 1982
D o t t Tacchino
Rag I a n n e l l i
G. C o n s a l v i ( I n t e r p r e t e r )
J. H u n t
Freddinstria
Freddinstria
N.Z H i g h C o m m i s s i o n
M o r r i s o n Cooper and
Partners
t h i s i n s t a l l a t i o n t o t a l l e d 180,000m3.
Incomplete f i r e p a r t i t i o n s l o c a t e d between c o l d s t o r a g e u n i t s
were formed from s t o n e blocks.
The c o l d s t o r e v o l u m e a t
A l l i n s u l a t e d p a n e l s used a p o l y u r e t h a n e c o r e .
fire
protection
existed.
A
ring
main
was
requirement of the l o c a l f i r e brigade.
The f i r e
a u t h o r i t y t o i n s p e c t and i n s i s t on any f i r e r a t e d
a t any t i m e .
No s m o k i n g was
allowed near
e x t i n g u i s h e r s were p r o m i n e n t .
7.
the
plant.
No b u i l t i n
a mandatory
b r i g a d e had
requirements
First
aid
fire
V i s t t o F r i g o r i f e r i d i T a r a z z o n o S.P.A.
1 A p r i l 1982
Milan, I t a l y
Present:
I n g Serge Georginadi
Rag E n r i c o C a p e l l i n i
J. H u n t
The maximum
38,000m3.
size
of
the
cold
F r i g o r i f e r i d i Tarazzono
F r i g o r i f e r i d i Tarazzono
M o r r i s o n Cooper and
Partners
store
at
this
establishment
was
P o l y s t y r e n e was r a r e l y u s e d t h r o u g h o u t I t a l y .
Polyurethane
cored
panels
used
foamed-in-place
polyurethane
joints
t o
m a i n t a i n t h e vapour b a r r i e r .
I n s u l a t e d p a n e l s were o f t e n used
w i t h a t h i c k n e s s o f 200-220mm.
R o o f p a n e l s u s e d foamed j o i n t s w i t h a c o v e r p l a t e o v e r .
Fire Protection
T h i s i n s t a l l a t i o n u s e d a g a p o f 6m b e t w e e n a l l c o l d s t o r e s .
H y d r a n t s and h o s e s were r e q u i r e d b y t h e l o c a l a u t h o r i t y .
Smoke
detectors
were
installed
to
satisfy
the
insurance
company.
Use o f t h e d e t e c t o r s was n o t b e l i e v e d i n b y t h e
o p e r a t o r s a s many f a l s e a l a r m s o c c u r r e d .
The management r e l i e d o n t h e t r a i n i n g o f a l l p e r s o n n e l t o b e
s u f f i c i e n t t o p r e v e n t , d e t e c t and d e a l w i t h a l l f i r e s .
Two men
w e r e s e t a s i d e a s f i r e w a t c h e r s f o r any h o t w o r k .
The w a t c h m a n
checked a l l h o t work a r e a s l a t e r .
A l l e l e c t r i c a l e q u i p m e n t was
i n s t a l l e d i n metal cabinets.
R e f r i g e r a t i o n System
Ammonia was g e n e r a l l y u s e d w i t h f l o o r m o u n t e d u n i t s a t o n e e n d
o f t h e s t o r e o r above t h e door a i r l o c k s .
Some d u c t e d s t o r e s
l o c a t e d t h e u n i t s above t h e d o o r a i r l o c k s and used a f a l s e
c e i l i n g o f s h e e t s t e e l on t h e u n d e r s i d e o f t h e s u p p o r t i n g r o o f
s t e e l w o r k t o t r a n s f e r t h e a i r t o t h e o p p o s i t e end o f t h e s t o r e .
A l l s t o r e s were f i t t e d with a i r v e n t s t o b a l a n c e p r e s s u r e
changes.
T h e s e c o n s i s t e d o f a 100mm d i a PVC e l b o w t h r o u g h t h e
i n s u l a t i o n with a l i g h t b u l b i n s i d e t o p r e v e n t i c e and
c o n d e n s a t i o n b u i l d up.
8.
V i s i t t o Comm B e r n a r d o T e r s i g n i
Rome
Italy
7 A p r i l 1982
-
Present:
B.
Tersigni
G.
Consalvi (Interpreter)
Hunt
J.
President o f Cold Store
Owners U n i t o f I t a l y
N.Z H i g h C o m m i s s i o n
M o r r i s o n Cooper and
Partners
F i r e p r e c a u t i o n s i n I t a l y were under t h e c o n t r o l o f N a t i o n a l
A s s o c i a t i o n o f Combustion C o n t r o l , ANCC.
I n s p e c t i o n s w e r e made a t t i m e o f c o m m i s s i o n i n g o f a c o l d s t o r e
with p e r i o d i c checks i n t h e f u t u r e .
26
APPENDIX 1
Conference S t a t i s t i c s
Names o f D e l e g a t e s
Countries Represented
27
CONFERENCE S T A T I S T I C S
Dates
17-19 March 1982
Location
Hotel Intercontinental,
Number o f P a p e r s P r e s e n t e d
28
F i r e S a f e t y Papers
21
R e f r i g e r a t i o n S a f e t y Papers
Worker s a f e t y p a p e r s
Number o f d e l e g a t e s a t t e n d i n g
Number o f c o u n t r i e s r e p r e s e n t e d
1
Paris
ASSOCIATION EUROPEENNE
DE S
EXPLOITATIONS FRIGORIFIQUES
...........................
Mars
1982
-----------
Hate1 I n t e r c o n t i n e n t a l
-
3, rue de C a s t i g l i o n e
-
PARIS I e r
T61. 260 37-80
-AFRIQUE DU SUD
M.
ALLEMAGNE
-.
H.E.
ROWEN
I r w i n & Johnson Ltd
Cape Town
FEDERALE
M.
R . BOVENSMANN
F r i g o s c a n d i a Gmbh
Gross Germ
M.
E . GRAMSTADT
P r 6 s i d e n t de llAEEF
Hamburg
M.
R. HARTWIEG
Jauch & Hiibener
Hamburg
Halstenbek
M.Mme K. HEINZE
M.
P
. JACOB
M . h e H. KUHLER
MUNCH
Linde
Miinchen
Bremerhaven KuhJhauser
F. Russe d Co ~ m b h
Bremerhaven
Verband d e r S a c h v e r s i c h e r e r e.v.
Kij l n
M.
K.
M.
A. SAFT
Fachverband d e r Kiilhauser und
E i s f a b r i k e n e.V.
Bonn
M.
L. SIMON
T r a n s i t K i i h l h a u s g e s e l l s c h a f t mbh
Emmerich
-aLEMAGNE
DE L'EST
-Vvb. KGhl. und L a g e x w i r t s c h a f t
Berlin
M.
B
. JUNGE
A U T R I C H E
B E
-
M.Mme H. AICHINGER
Vereinigte Eisfabriken
u. Kuhlhallen in Wien
Wien
M.Mme H. WIDHALM
Unifrost
Grossenzetsdorf
L G I Q U E
M.
POOT
Artic
Bruxe lles
M.
C. LEENKNECHT
Eurofrost
Kortrijk
M.
P. MAES
AG
Bruxelles
M.
W. VANDENBERGE
A.E.E.F.
Bruxelles
M.
A. VIERSTRAETE
Belgian New Fruit Wharf N.V.
Antwerpen
XIE LING-SHEN
Institut de Projets
du Ministsre du Commerce
Beijing
C H I N E
M.
II
D A
-
II
11
N E M A R K
M.Mme J. BASTHOLM
Danish cold Btores Group Ltd
bl.Mme J. LARSEN
II
II
I1
Aalborg
II
M.Mme G. R ~ N E R
Frigo Consult
Copenhagen
M.
Thomas Ths. Sabroe & Co
Hdjberg
M.Mme V. CODONER LACAL
Frudesa
Valencia
M.Mme J.R. GARCIA PUJOL
Prigorificos de..Tarragona SA
Tarragona
M.
E. LOSATO PARAMIO
Anefe
Madrid
M.
ROTAECHE CHALBAUD
Ramon Vizcaino SA
Madrid
N.K. TOFT
E S P A G NE
M.
J.P. SESE ARSUAGA
M.Mme J.M. VALLVE BELLMUNT
M.
V. VIZCAINO OCARIZ
11
It
II
Frigorificos de Tarragona SA
Ramon Vizcaino SA
Tarragona
Madrid
Maritime Terminal Inc.
New Bedford
E T A T S - U N I S
M.
G.R. HAMPSON
M.
RICHMOND VIALL
11
11
II
F R A N C E
M.
ANDRIES
Norfrigo
11.
ANQUEZ
Prdsident de 1'Association
Fransaise du Proid
Association Fransaise du Froid
Boulogne s/ Mer
Paris
M.
J.P. AUDIFFRET
Wanner-Isofi Isolation
Paris
Rueil-Malmaison
M.
M.
BAILLET
Sofrino
Caen
BARAUD
Entrepats Frigorifiques de
Vigennes
Migennes
M.
M.
J. BARREAU
J,M. BEDON
Mme AUGUEUX
.
Frigosud
Caisse Regionale dfAssurance
Maladie de 1'Ile-de-France
Paris
M.
BELLOY
Entrepats Frigorifiques de
Chateauroux
Chateauroux
M.
BESNIARD
Pomona
Paris
M.
BIGAND
S I A C I
Paris
M.
BIGOURDAN
Federation des Magasins Gendraux
Paris
M.
R. BLANCHER
Glaci&res et Entrepats Frigorifiques dfAuvergne
C.E.G.F.
Chamalikes
Paris
C.E.G.F.
Paris
M.
BONNAIRE
Mme BOUCHERAT
M.
BOUVARD
M.
BUC
Groupement Fran~aisdes Installations et Fabricants de Sprinklers Paris
S.T.E.F.
Vitry s/ Seine
M.
M.
CUEAUX-CAZALET
S I A C I
Paris
L. CHARTOIRE
Chamalikes
M.
le Colonel CHEVASSU
Glacieres et Entrepats Frigori fiques d1Auvergne
Chef du Service'Prevention
Brigade des Sapeurs-Pompiers
Paris
C N P P
Paris
Paris
MATAL
Nantes
Feddration des Magasins G6n6raux
Bondue 1le
Paris
P6ronne
M.
CHEVALLIER
M.
COLOMBIES
M.
COUPIAC
Melle M.F. COURTIN
M.
R. DAVID
M.
DECELLE
M.
M.
M.
G. DELTEIL
A. DEZAN
A. DEVERRE
M.
DOMEZON
M.
M. DONZEAU
R. DITOUR
M.
Cergy-Pontoise
Frigorifique de Paris
Compagnie Industrielle Maritime
S.T.E.F.
Paris
Paris
Avignon
Groupement Frangais des Installa- Paris
teurs et Fabricants de sprinklers
Paris
S.T.E.F.
SOPAD
'
Courbevoie
M.
S.T.E.F.
me-
A. DUPORT
FABIUS
C.E.G.F.
.
J. FESQ
E. FIEVRE
Lyon
Paris
Paris
Froid-Satam-Brandt
Courbevoie
M.
M.
FINIDORI
R. FONDRAZ
C N P P
Cerberus Guinard
Paris
Buc
M.
J. FONTAINE
Contrale et PrCvention
Paris
PI.
FROTEAU
A. GAC
C.E.G.F.
Bordeaux
Directeur de 1'Institut
International du Froid
Paris
M.
M.
M.
I
I
M.
A. GALISTIN
Compagnie Industrielle Maritime
Paris
M.
J.F. GARNOT
Paris
M.
M.
M.
M.
GAYET
La Prevention Rurale
Compagnie Generale Frigorifique
G. GEBELIN
GIBAULT
GODEFROY
M.
J. GROLEE
Ministere de llAgriculture
Paris
M.
P. GROS
Institut National de Recherche
et de Sdcurite
Paris
M.
GROS
S.T.E.F.
Paris
M.
M.
D. HACNOUL
HOMMEL
Dagard
C.E.G.F.
Boussac
Paris
M.
M. HORNACEK
G I P A C
M.
P. JOLY
Solvay et Cie
Paris
Paris
M.
J. KRUPPA
Centre Technique Industrie!1
Puteaux
S.T.E.F.
Froid-Satam-Brandt
Caisse Nationale dlAssurance
Maladie
St Germain-en-Laye
Paris
Courbevoie
Paris
de la Construction Metallique
M.
M.
G. LABONNE
Transfrigoroute-France
M.
C. LAHAUT
M.
F. LE DREVES
M.
M.
M.
Mme
M;
R. LEICHLE
Syndicat National de llIsolation Paris
France-Glaces Findus
Beauvais
..
LeTchle SA
Cirey/Vezouze
Motta-France
Argentan
B. LEMAIRE
M. LEMAIRE
LOCHES
le Colonel.LOISEL
M.
MARCHAL
M.
C. MARCHAND
Paris
Wanner-Isofi-Isolation
Institut International du Froid
Direction SCcurite Civile
Ministere Interieur
Rueil-Malmaison
Paris
Paris
Entrepats Frigorifiques
U.S.N.E.F.
La Chiltaigneraie
Paris
Bouygues
Girki SA
Clamart
Libourne
MAURICE
C.E.G.F.
Paris
MERCEREAU
A.P.S.A.I.
Paris
R. MENANT
J.P. MESSIN
Norfrigo
Conseil en assurances
C. MILLA
Frigosud
Boulogne s/Mer
Albertville
B6ziere
J. MONTHOIL
Soci6t6 G6n6rale de Courtage
dlAssurances
Paris
M.
H. MOUTERDE
S.T.E.F.
Paris
M.
MOYEN
Institut National de Recherche
et de S6curite
Paris
M.
R NAVARRE
U.S.N.E.F.
Paris
M.
A. d 'OIRON
U.S.N.E.F.
Paris
M.
M. OUVRY
Sofrino
Caen
M.
PATIN
C.E.G.F.
Paris
PI.
PENNAMEN
C.E.G.F.
Pi.
J. PETIT
Christian Salvesen SA
Le Havre
Les Ulis
M.
M.
F!.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
POMMEL
Paris
POST
E.M.G.P.
Compagnie Industrielle Maritime
J.M. RENAUD
Fourney-PSF
Vonnas
R. REYNAUD
S.T.E.F.
Paris
M. RIEU
L. ROUSSEL
S.T.F.F.
Revue G6n6rnle du Froid
Vitry s/ Seine
Paris
ROY
D. SIBILEAU
St Paul Fire and Marine
Paris
Produits Alimentaires Blanchaud
Saumur
M.
STEPYAN
Compagnie Industrielle Maritime
11.
J. SUPLISSON
Groupe Sprinks
Paris
Paris
M.
Y. TESSON
Les Sables dtOlonne
M.
TIBLOUX
Frigorifique Tesson
Rockwool isolation
M.
M.
J. TIREL
VERRIER
Natal
Abeille-Paix
Nantes
Paris
M.
C. VESTEY
Compagnie G6n6rale Frigorifique
St Germain-en-Laye
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
.
Paris
Paris
G R A N D E - B R E T A G N E
M.
A. AUSTFlICK
Associated Cold Stores Ltd
London
M.Mme 11.1. CASH
Guardian Fire Detectors Ltd
Romford
M.
M.M. FERGUSON
The western Ice and Cold
Storage Co Ltd
Bristol
M.
M.
P. FROST
E.W. HALL
Fire offices' Committee
Frigoscandia Limited
London
Hoddesdon
Lloyd's register of Shipping
London
Associated Cold Stores Ltd.
London
European Risk Management Ltd
Welsh Cold Stores
Weybridge
Cardiff
M.
J.C. HARRISON
Mme S. HENRIKSSON
M.
M.
M.
P.V. LE RESCHE
D. LOUGWR
D. Mc INNES
M.
P J MARCHANT
..
II
II
II
United kingdom Cold Storage Ltd
Dagenham
Fire Research Station
BoShamwood
M.Mme A. STERA
ILoyds Register of Shipping
London
M.Mme C.W. TOOLE
Frigoscandia Limited
F.A. Wallis Ltd
Hoddesdon
Edenbridge
Mme B.F. ROGOWSKI
M . b F.A. WALLIS
H O N G R I E
M.
M.
I. HOLLIK
S. KISS
Budapest
Magyar Hutoipari Vallalat
Budapest
Autozero Ltd
Dublin
I R L A N D E
M.
W. MARTIN
M.
P.P. MEADE
M.
G. MURPHY
II
It
II
Water ford
I T A L I E
M.
F. CORIMI
I.V.T.P.A.
-
N O R V E G E
M.
M.
0. NISSEN
L.B.R.
Sandvika
H. TVEITSME
Directorate of Fisheries
Bergen
N O U V E L L E - Z E L A N D E
M.Mme J.H. HUNT
M.
Morrison
Cooper and Partners
J .A. SHEPPARD
Wellington
Christchurch
P A Y S - B A S
M.
.
11
J.E. DUIVEN
Ba thmen
L. TVILT
P O L O G N E
M.
2. BYCZKOWSKA
M.
MLYNARZYK
Instytut Medxcyny Pracy
Bieruta
President Commission Dl de 1'I.I.F. Varsovie
L. JACOBSON
Frigoscandia AB
S U E D E
M.
M.
A. LINDBORG
He lsingborg
I1
It
S U I SS E
M.
BACHER
M.
M. FASEL
M.
M.
Soc. d'assistance technique
pour produits Nestle SA
Frigo St Johann AG
La Tour de Peilz
P. JAN
Societk des Gares Frigorifiques
et Ports francs de Gensve
Carouge
H. SENN
EntrepGts Frigorifiques de la
Gare de B2le SA
T C H E C O S L O V A Q U I E
M.
0. CERVENKA
Praho
M.
J. HRUBY
Praha
M.
B. VANEK
I1
Y O U G O S L A V I E
Mme J. DJORDJEVIC
El.
J. SIMONCIC
Facult4 des Sciences des Protections au Travail de 1'Universitd
de Nis
1I
II
Ni s
11
M.
F O X
Mme
PERROT
Mme de la GRANVILLE
Melle REMOND
Mme LISIAK
Melle YATES
APPENDIX 2
C o n f e r e n c e Programme
Papers Presented:
P r e p r i n t s were p u b l i s h e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g
volume:
INTERNATIONAL I n s t i t u t e o f R e f r i g e r a t i o n . C o m m i s s i o n
Dl. R e f r i g e r a t e d S t o r a g e .
F i r e p r e v e n t i o n and s a f e t y i n c o l d s t o r e s : M a r c h 17-19,
1982,
Paris
e
preprint/International
Institute
of
R e f r i g e r a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n Dl ( R e f r i g e r a t e d S t o r a g e ) ;
Paris
European A s s o c i a t i o n o f R e f r i g e r a t i o n E n t e r p r i s e s .
: t h e I n s t i t u t e , 1982.
155p. : ill.;24cm.
a
-
-
P a p e r s i n E n g l i s h and F r e n c h w i t h E n g l i s h s u m m a r i e s .
E x t r a p r e p r i n t s n o t i n c l u d e d i n above.
INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL
DU
FROID
ASSOCIATION EUROPEENNE
DES
EXPLOITATIONS FRIGORIFIQUES
=PE===I==P=l===PPI=PIB===51E
- 1 P .
Hatel Intercontinental - 3, rue
PARIS
-
17
Mars
19
1982
de Castiglione
-
PARIS Ier
Tel. 260 37-80
/ Mercredi 17 Mars /'
Premiere seance presid6e par
M. REYNAUD
Vice-president de la Commission Dl
Directeur General de la S.T.E.F.
- Accueil des congressistes
- Allocution de M. GRAMSTADT,
9 h
et
- Allocution de M.
G A C
- Organisation des travaux par
9 h
40
President de llAssociation
Europeenne des Exploitations
Frigorifiques
President du Comit6 dtOrganisation
Directeur de 1'Institut
International du Froid
..
M. REYNAUD
- No 1 - DANS
LA PROTECTION CONTRE LES INCENDIES
LES ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES
P. JACOB (Linde)
R.F.A.
- No 2 - FIRE PREVENTION AND SAFETY IN REFRIGERATED
WAREHOUSES
C.W. TOOLE (Frigoscandia)
Angleterre
- FIRE HAZARD IN COLD STORES
H. BJERKNES - OD0 NISSEN - PER JOSTEIN HOUDE
4 - SECURITE ET PREVENTION DU FEU DANS LES
No . 3
No
ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES
Suieee
No 5
- POLICIES FOR FIRE SAFETY OF COLD STORES
INTHENETHERLANDS
Pays-Bae
J.E. DUIVEN and L. TWILT
No 6
- FIRE SAFETY IN THE NEW ZEALAND MEAT FREEZING
INDUSTRY WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO
COLD STORES
J.H. HUNT - D.J. MILLER - M.J.A. SHEPPARD
No 7
-
New Zealand
FIRE CODE FOR THE NEW ZEALAN) MEAT FREEZING
INDUSTRY WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO COLD STORES
A
P.K. BURTON-WOOD
-
J.H. HUNT
-
M.J.A. SHEPPARD
12 h
-
Remiee du Ier Prix de la Fondation J.B. VERLOT
12 h 30
DCjeuner B 1'Hatel Intercontinental
New Zealand
Deuxi&me seance pr6eid6e par
M . GRA!fSTADT
President de 1'A.E.E.F.
No 8
- BEHAVIOUR OF FROZEN MEAT PRODUCTS IN FIRE
SITUATION
J.H. HUNT
No 9
-
AN INVESTIGATION INTO IGNITABILITY OF FROZEN
MEAT CARCASSES
D BASTINGS - J.H. HUNT
No 10 - LA PREVENTION DES INCENDIES DANS LES
ETABLISSEMENTS POUR EMMAGASINAGE ET
CONSERVATION DES FRUITS
N. SALVATI F.L. GORINI
-
New Zealand
New Zealand
PROBLEMES
DE
CONSTRUCTION
...........................
No 11
- LA SECURITE INCENDIE DANS LES BATIMENTS
A STRUCTURE METALLIQUE
J. KRUPPA
No 12
-
(c.T.I.c.M.)
COMPORTEMENT AU FEU DES PANNEAUX DE
CHAMBRES FROIDES
D. HAGNOUL (Ets Dagard)
No 13
-
France
France
LE RECHAUFFAGE DES CADRES DE PORTES
DE CHAMBRES FROIDES
A. GEORGES (s.T.E.F.)
No 13 bis
France
(ne figure pas dans la brochure)
- LES ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES INCOMBUSTIBLES
J.P. AUDIFFRET (Wanner-Isofi)
France
No 13 ter (ne figure pas dans la brochure)
-
PROCEDE DE CONSTRUCTION AVEC PANNEAUX EN BETON
P.L. MARCHAL (~ouygues)
France
/ Jeudi 18 Mars 1
Troisihe seance presidee par
M. MLYNARCZYK
President de la Commission Dl de 1' I.I.F.
No 14
- ETUDE DE LA PROTECTION DES ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES
CONTRE L'INCENDIE
J. GROLEE
No 15
-
J. COLOMBIES
France
- FORMATION A LA SECURITE INCENDIE DANS LES
ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES
J. GROLEE
No 16
-
J. COLOMBIES
-
CLAISSE
France
- LA PROTECTION AUTOMATIQUE PAR SPRINKLERS
par C. BOWARD (Groupement des Installateure
de sprinklers)
France
No 17
- EXTINCTION DES INCENDIES DANS EES CHAMBRES
A BASSE TEMPERATURE
METHODE DE NOYAGE PAR
co2
A. DUPORT ( STEF)
No 18
- ESSAI D'EXTINCTION
AU
France
co2 DANS L'INSTALLATION
PILOTE DE VALENCE
A.
-
DUPORT
-
DEVERRE (STEF)
France
Table ronde avec des representants de
corps de pompiers (extraction des fumdes
intervention des pompiers,
etc .. . 1
Quatrieme dance pr6sidee par
M. R. NAVARRE
Premident de 1s Coanniseion PlCniSre de 1'A.E.E.P.
D416guC Gen6ral de 1' U.S.N.E.F.
No 19
-
UN EXEMPLE DE PROTECTION INCENDIE DANS UN
GRAND ENTREPOT FRIGORIFIQUE
R. MAURICE
No 2 0
No 2 1
No 22
No 23
-
P. BONNAIRE (CEGF)
INFLUENCE DU TRAVAIL DANS LES ENTREPOTS
FRIGORIFIQUES SUR LA SANTE DE L'HOMME
2. BYCZKOWSKA - H. LANGAVER - LEWOWICKA
- AMMONIA
-
-
SAFETY IN REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSES
LINDBORG (Frigoscandia)
LA REGLEMENTATION ET LA SECURITE DANS LES
ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES
C. HOMMEL (CEGF)
France
Pologne
Suede
~;ance
- MESURES DE SECURITE AU FRANCHISSEMENT DES
PORTES DE CHAMBRES FROIDES
M. RIEU
(STEF-Vitry)
France
No 2 4
- MECANISATION ET
SECURITE DANS LE CHARGEMENT
DES QUARTIERS DE VIANDE CONGELES
A. BARAUD
NO
24 bis(ne
France
figure pas dans la brochure)
SAFETY MEASURES IN THE HUNGARIAN COLD
STORES
S. KISS
No 25
-
CONSIDERATION SUR LES OPINIONS DES OUVRIERS
CONCERNANT L'APPLICATION DES MESURES DE
PROTECTION DU TRAVAIL DANS QUELQUES
ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES
J. SIMONCIC
18 h
Hongrie
C o n c l u s i o n s
- J. DJORDJEVIC
Yougoslavie
par M. GRAMSTADT, President de 1'A.E.E.F.
et M. G A C,
Directeur de 1'I.I.F.
/ Vendredi 19 Mars /
8 h 30
-
Matinee
-
D6part des cars de l'H8tel Intercontinental
Visite du Laboratoire du Feu B Champs-sur-Marne B 15 Km ZI l'est de
Paris
Dejeuner en commun B 1'Abbaye de Royaumont
Apres-midi
-
Vers 18 h
-
Visite de l1Entrepi3t Frigorifique de la C.E.G.F. B Monteoult
( 2 0 km au nord de paris) 230 000 m3, dont 150 000 (-25" -30") sp6cialement affectes aux produits surg&s.
Retour B Paris et dislocation
SAYZTY fr&SU&ES
IN T U E U K C A R U N COLD STOHZS
S. hlSS
Hungerien Deepfreezing Industry.
This paper aims o n l y ' e t d e a l i n g w i t h the circumstencee t h e t
imply deh6ere o r r i s k s t o t h e l i f e o r h e a l t h of men end w i t h t h e
meesuree teken i n Hungary t o prevent a c c i d e n t e o r keep down t h e
e f f e c t e of hezerdoue c o n d i t i o n e .
he t h i n k t h a t t h e ffieaeuree teken by ue e r e e s s e n t i a l l y e i m i l e r
t o those i n o t h e r c o u n t r i e s , we s t i l l hope t h e t t h e r e r i l l be eome
conclu6ione t o be drawn from t h i s r e p o r t .
The circumetencee t h e t r e q u i r e p e r t i c u l e r e t t e n t i o n end s p e c i e 1
eolutionfi d i f f e r i n g from t h e n a b i t u e l e a f e t y . meeeuree o r exceeding
them e r e t h e f o l l o w i n g ;
I.
The c l i m a t e in t h e cold s t o r e s end t h e e p a c i e l t i e e of t h e
#
commoditiee e t o r e d .
11, The r e f r i g e r a t i n g system, t h e machinery end t h e p r b p e r t i e e of
the r e f r i g e r a n t ueed.
Let u s eee t h e s e p o i n t e i n d e t a i l s .
1.8. I n Hungary t h e temperature, considered e e etenderd i n t h e
f r o z e n food s t o r a g e rooms, i e -25 O C ; i n t h e f r e e z i n g t u ~ e l e
i t may d r o p below -30 OC,
*arm, q u i l t e d c l o t h i n g end boota, gloves and e f u r c e p i s the
t r e d i t i o n a l p r o t e c t i o n . Over t h e p e s t few y e a r e t h e endeavour
in t h i e f i e l d he8 been t o bring about e more comforteble end
e t t h e same time h e a l t h i e r c l o t h i n g then b e f o r e , t h e r e q u i r e mente b e i n g , t h e t :
- it
-
ehould p o s s e s s good h e a t i n e u l a t i n g p r o p e r t i e s , l e t t i n g
vepour through; f u r t h e r ,
i t ehould be l i g h t end f l e x i b l e , s o e s n o t t o impede l e b o u i
e e t h e f o r m e r , olumey , q u i l t e d c l o t h i n g d i d .
The use of a a o - c a l l e d kidnej-warmer h a s t e e n i n t r o d u c e d r e c e n t l y ,
too: i t i s t o t e w o h under t h e l i n e d o v e r a l l , m n t i o n e d t e f o r e .
As t o t h e g l o v e e , t h e idea was t h a t they hdve t o comply w i t h t h r e e
requirementar
1./ t h e y should g i v e p r o t e c t i o n e g e i n a t c o l d a s w e i l e a a g e i n a t
i n i u r i e a by s p l i n t e r s of bone:
2./
t h e y ehould n o t impede m e t e r i a l h a n d l i n g by being clumey o r
stiff and m u s t n o t .be . s l i p p e r y end
3./ t h e y should meet s a n i t a r y r e q u i r e m e n t e by being e a a i l y c l e e n a b le
.
Por t h e truckdrivere
we have i n i t i a t e d a l s o a d e v e l o p i n g
scheme f o r a h e a t e d c l o t h i n g , t h a t i n c l u d e s t h e l i n e d o v e r a l l end
t h e b o o t e : t h e s o u r c e of energy being t h e t a t t e r j - of t h e l i f t
t r u c k . U n f o r t u n a t e l y we must admit t h a t t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l i t e m a
completed ao f a r heve n o t met t h e r a t h e r manyfold r e q u i r e m e n t s ,
t h u s t h e problem c e m o t be c o n s i d e r e d e a s o l v e d . There i s no
u n + n o u a agreement on t h e n e c e a a i t y of euch c l o t h e e e i t h e r .
1.b.
The removing of t h e f r o s t from t h e g r a v i t y a i r c i r c u l e t i o n
e v e p o r e t o r e , t h a t took p l a c e moatly mechenich1l.v b.v s c r a p i n n .
u a e 4 t o be a manual work e t low t e m p e r a t u r e . Nowadays t h i a
o l d - f a s h i o n e d wey of d e f r 6 a t i n g i a t o be found but i n a few
p e r c e n t of t h e r e f r i g e r a t i n g p l a n t a ,
In a l l the othera,vie. those with forced e i r c i r c u l a t i o n
e v a p o r a t o r s , e u t o m e t i c o r eemi-eutomatic h o t gee d e f r o s t i n g
is a p p l i e d . T h i s method h a r d l y needa any manual work end if
s o , it i a done o u t s i d e t h e lorn t e m p e r a t u m e r e e .
It i e common p r a c t i c e t o d e f r o s t t h e e v e p o r e t o r s of t h e
f r e e z i n g t u n n e l s by w a t e r ; t h i a method, t o o , h a been made
a u t o m a t i c , c o n t r o l l e d from t h e o u t s i d e .
I.c. Ey now t h e mec'nanization of hard p f y a i e a l work i n c o n n e e t i o a
w i t h t h e a t a c k i n g end p i l i n g of t h e goods i n t h e low temp e r e t u r e rooms h a s been completed a e f a r a a t h e e i n g l e s t o r e y
cold e t o r e e , b u i l t i n t h e paet two decades, e r e concerned.
Mechanical h a n d l i n g of goods i n cardboard boxes, c a s e s , eecke
. o r bags on p R e t t s equipped w i t h cornerpoete hes teen solved
from t h e very beginning. Yet a s t o t h e pig h e l v e s and b e e f q u a r t e r e
manual p i l i n g went on u n t i l t h e r e c e n t $ e a r s , when we succeeded
i n mechanizing t h i s work, t o o , by t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n of e eo c e l l e d
meat euepeneion frame, t h a t i e simply t o be p u t on the p a l l e t
poets.
Thus, f o r t h e time b e i n g , manual work i s r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e
euspension of t h e c s r c a a e e e on the framea end the t a k i n g them
o f f .reap. T h i s work can be done o u t s i d e t h e low temperature space.
Consequ e n t l y t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n of t h e meat euspension framea h a s
brought about a c o n s i d e r a b l e improvement i n t h e working c o n d i t i o n e :
i n a d d i t i o n t o t h e above t h e r a t h e r hazardous' manual s t a c k i n g , t o
be performed a t a n d i n g i n t h e h e i g h t on e shaky l o s d i n g p l a t f o r m
o r on t h e p i l e i t s e l f , could t e ommitted.
I..d. General s a f e t y measures concerning l i f t - t r u c k s a r e w e l l 'known.
B u t a s t o t h e l i f t t r u c k s used i n t h e cold e t o r e s , p a r t i c u l a r
a t r e s e muet be l a i d on t h e c a r e f u l choice of the proper m e t e r i e l
f o r t h e l o e d - c a r r y i n g c o n s t r u c t i o n s such a 3 , t h e f o r k s , t h e mast,
t h e c h a i n , t h e h y d r a u l i c c y l i n d e r e t c . The m a t e r i a l of t h e e e
h i g h l y s t r e s s e d componente m u s t possess a c e r t a i n value of n o t c h
toughness and muat n o t be prone t o low temperature embrittlement
even i f o p e r a t e d a t -30 OC o r below.
A s mechanical h a n d l i n g has been introduced i n Hungary eomewhet
l a t e r t h a n i n e e v e r a l i'ieetern c o u n t r i e s we could r e l y on t h e
e x p e r i e n c e gained t h e r e . That i s
?re have tought t r u c k s f o r
o u r cold s t o r e s only from manufacturere w i l l i n g t o guarentee t h e t
t h e m a t e r i e l s used f o r t h e i r t r u c k s dispoaeY of t h e above mentfoned p r o p e r t i e s .
vru
Another requirement belonging only p a r t l y t o l a b o u r s a f e t y i s
$he so c s l l e a msnoeuvrebility of t h e l i f t trucker they muet be
s t l e t o "inch i n n t h e load tbrough t h e r a t h e r 'narrow a i s l e s
bet$een two p a l l e t rows w i t h o u t ' t o u c h i n g them.
1.0.
bP
There La e n o t h e r r a t h e r s e r i o u s c o n c e r n
us i n c o n n e c t i o n
w i t h t h e t r u c k a : ' e v e r y y e a r one o r two of them happen t o f e l l
off t h e load'ing ramps, t h e ' c a u s e being t h a t , by t n e end of t h e
s h i f t , t h e s u r f a c e of t h e ramps g e t s /even i f , it i s c l e a n e d
r e g u l a r l y / s t a h e d by t h e o f f e l e of t h e p r o d u c t s moved i n and
out of t h e s t o r e .
Theae o f f a l a , f i r s t of a l l t h e g r e a s y o n e s , make t h e s u r f a c e
s l i p p e r y and if i t g e t s wet a t t h e same time t h e n i t i e r a t h e r
d i f f i c u l t t o p r e v e n t t h e t r u c k s from s k i d d i n g .
So f a r we have n o t succeeded i n f i n d i n g a s o l u t i o n t h a t n o ~ ~ l d
not impede t h e work on and t h e c l e a n i n g of t h e ramps and could
prevent t h e a c c i d e n t a w i t h t h e t r u c k s a t t h e same time.
11. S a f e t y measures w i t h r e g a r d t o t h e r e f r i g e r a t i n g eystem and t h e
refrigerant.
1I.a.
There i s a l i u n g a r i a n s t a n d a r d specif:an.gthe r e g u l a t i o n e on t h e
e r e c t i o n and o p e r a t i o n of t h e r e f r i g e r a t i n g aystemsr i t
p & c t i c a l l y c o r r e s p o n d s t o t i e r e s p e c t i v e IS0 s t a n d a r d .
E l i m i n a t i o n of t h e . e x i a t i n g minor d i f f e r e n c e e i . e . , a d j u s t m e n t
of t h e Hungarian s t a n d a r d t o t h e IS0 i s j u e t under way. It i a
n o t w o r t h t e l l i n g more a t o u t t h i s a s t h e I S 0 i s supposed t o be
known t o t h e participants of t h i s meeting.
1I.b.
It i s a b a s i c p r i n c i p l e and p r e s c r i p t i o n f o r e l l workshops
w i t h t b e e x c e p t i o n of t h e machinerooms - t h a t a s soon a e
a ~ o n i ah a a t e e n s m e l l e d , t h e room i s t o be l e f t w i t h o u t any
delay. As ammonia has a p e r v a e i v e , s t r o n g o d o ~ r ,e a s i l y smelled
by man a t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s right telow t h e v a l u e hazerdous t o
h e a l t h , t h e r e seems t o t e n o need t o i n s t a l l d e t e c t o r s f o r t n e
p r o t e c t i o n of t h e w o r k e r s , On t h e o t h e r hand i t i s of g r e a t
importence- t o d e t e c t amaonio. i n t n o . a i r of the c o l d roome ao
-
c e l ' t a i n commoditiee a r e
s t r a w b e r r i e s e t c . / even
p r o t e c t i o n of t h e goods
explanation here i a not
vary s e n s i t i v e t o ammonia / r a e p b e t r i e e ,
a t vary low c o n c e n t r a t i o n o b u t , a s
i e n o t a m a t t e r of t h i s paper, f u r t h e r
necessary.
I1.c. Each person working i n t h e machine-rooms i e s u p p l i e d w i t h a
gaemask f o r t h e c a s e of a lower c o n t a m i n a t i o n of t h e a i r ,
I n t h e machine-rooms t h e r e a r e f u r t h e r some 2-4 b r e a t h i n g
e p p a r a t u s e e w i t h a e l f ' contained oxigen s u p p l y , 3nd gaeproof
r o b b e r o v e r a l l s t o p r o t e c t a g a i n a t NH c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of ahy
3
measure.
1I.d. An o t h e r problem i n connection w i t h t h o s e working i n t h e
maohine-rooms i s how t o p r o t e c t them a g a i n e t t h e n o i s e ~ e n e r e t e d
by t h e compressors, Among t h e d i f f e r e n t kind3 of c o a p r e s s o r e
.
used i n Hungary t h e r o t a r y vane mechinee b r i n g about n o i s e .
l e v e l s of o v e r 100 dB/AI herea as t h e n o i s e n e e s of t h e screw
compressors i s hetween 90-100 dB: however, t h e allowed v a l u e
i n Hungary i s only 85 dB i n accordance w i t h t h e IS0
recommendation.
P e r s o n a l p r o t e c t i o n i s ensured by h e a r i n g p r o t e c t o r a , such n e
e e r m u f f e and e a r p l u g s b e a r muffs e u p p r e s s e c o u e t i c e f f e c t e by
40-45 dB. That may seem a r a t h e r e f f i c i e n t way f o r t h e purpose,
b u t t h e y have eome d i s a d v a n t a g e s . One of them i s t h a t having
them on f o r a l o n g time i a uncomfortable, mainly i n summertime,
f u r t h e r they c u t down a l l s o r t of sounds. That may h i n d e r
workers i n t h e understanding of t h e t a l k of each o t n e r . Noise
p r o t e c t i n g e a r p l u g s made of cotton-wool o r polymer-foam a r e
e l s o g i v e n t o t h e mechanicans i n t h e machine-rooms.
In o r d e r t o improve c o n d i t i o n s , the mashine-room of e a c h c o l d
.
s t o r e i s equipped w i t h a c o n t r o l c a b i n e t where t h e n o i s e l e v e l
i e below t h e allowed 85 dB. Mechanicians can spend most of
t h e i r time t h e r e , a s f o r s u p e r v i s i n g t h e macnines i t is n o t
n e c e s s a r y t o spend a long time in the machine-room.
T h i s d o e s not e p p l y , however, t o t h o e e doing maintenance work
i n t h e maahine-roome: they e r e o f t e n o b l i g e d t o spend t h e whole
s h i f t i n t h e n o i s y s p a c e , ? o r t h e i r p r o t e c t i o n we s t a r t e d a
p r o g r a m i n 1980 aiming a t d e v e l o p i n g a noiee-proof c e a i n g f o r
e a c h r o t a r y compressor s o a s t o s u p p r e a e n o i a e a t i t s very
eource. Although r e s u l t s eo f a r have been e n c o u r a g i n g , t h e
p r o g r a m cannot y e t be c o n e i d e r e d a s coccpleted. I t m u s t be
mentioned, t o o , t h a t s u c h e c a s i n g i s r a t h e r expensive.
111.
Measures of e o c i a l and o r g a n i z a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r .
I I I . a . T e a c h i n g of l e b o u r s e f e t y i e c o n e i d e r e d t o be one of t h e moat
i m p o r t e n t meene t o prevent a c c i d e n t s . 30r s k i l l e d workere t h i e
teaching is carried out in three steps:
F u t u r e a k i l l e d w o r k e r s , e.g. mechanicians a r e g i v e n i n a t r u c t i o n s
on l a b o u r s a f e t y f i r s t i n t h e c o u r s e of t h e i r p r o f e e e i o n e l
t r a i n i n g . A t t h e end of t h i e they have t o go i n f o r e n exeminet i o n . Lebour s a f e t y i s e n i n t e g r a l p e r t of i t .
The'eecond phase of t h e t e e c h i n g is of e p r e c t i c e l c h a r a c t e r :
it aims e t g i v i n g t h e workere e n o u t l i n e of t h e circumatancee
and c o n d i t i o n a in t h e h f u t u r e workahop and making them
a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e r i e k s a d h e r e n t t o t h e i r f u t u r e work.
The t h i r d phaee i s a r e c u r r e n t q u a r t e r l y i n s t r u c t i o n . I t
i n c l u d e s a r e f r e s h m e n t c o u r s e end a eurvey on r e c e n t a c c i d e n t s
i f t h e r e was any
and t h e i r a n a l y e i e i n o r d e r
w i t h a moral
t o a v o i d re-occurrence. Teaching l a b o u r s a f e t y i s more o r l e e 8
t h e aeme f o r t r u c k d r i v e r a ~ t h e y , t o o , have a p r e l i m i n a r y
t e c h n i c a l t r a i n i n g topped by a n examination implying l a b o u r
safety.
-
-
The r e s t of t h e workers / u n s k i l l e d l a b o u r / i s n o t o b l i g e d t o
t h e f i r s t phase of t e a c h i n g end t o e n t e r i n g en examination.
They simply a t t e n d t h e above mentioned second pheae t e a c h i n g
b e f o r e being engaged end t h e n t h e q u a r t e r l y r e f r e s h i n g coureee.
.
1II.b.
Beceuae of t h e i n h e r e n t danger of ammonia i n t h e r e f r i g e ;
r a t i n g p l a n t s each cold e t o r e m u s t have an emergency-andr e s c u e program a t i t e d i s p o s a l . The purpose i s t o i n i t i a t e
t h e p e r a o m e l what i s t o 'be done i n a poeeible emergency case,
w i t h o r without casualty/ and eo minimize
/e.g escape of NH
3'
both
and m a t e r i a l damage.
1II.c.
I n o r d e r t p prevent persons from being engaged i n e work where
they e r e endangered i f they a r e a e n e i t i v e t o e i t h e r n o i s e Q r
cold o r t o o r e a c t i v e or e v e n e l l e r g i c t o emmonia
the,worltere
t o be a r e expected t o undergo a s p e c i a l medical examination.
-
1II.d. One of t h e p r e v a i l i n g r e g u l a t i ~ n ei n Hungary i.a t h a t women
e r e not allowed t o . b e engaged e t workplaces where "the body
i e exposed t o i n t e n s i v e cooling". It goee without saying t h a t
o u r e t o r i n g rooms end f r e e z i n g t u n n e l e belong t o t h i e category.
111.8. The workere employed i n t h e low t'emperature rooms and t u n n e l e
have a warming room a t t h e i r d i e p o e e l where they can have h o t
t e e and e e h o r t 15 m i n u t e e ' r e e t twice e day /a paid break for
health-reasone/.
-
1II.f. :lorkere engaged end kept employed i n f o r work a t low temp e r a t u r e a r e g r a n t e d a double alLowancer
t h e i r working hours a r e reduced t o 4 0 , i n s t e a d of 42/we'ek.
a f t e r each 5 y e a r period s p e n t w i t h work a t aubzero temp e r a t u r e a ,they e r e e n t i t l e d t o a y e a r ' e ellowence with
regard t o the peneion. F o r example a t r u c k d r i v e r a f t e r ha.ving
epent 20 y e a r s i n t h i e f i e l d , i e a u t h o r i z e d t o r e t i r e when
he i e only 56.
-
R4sum6.
Lee uslneo f r i g o r i f i q u e e imposent d e s t a c h e s e p e c i a l e e du point ds
vue de l a p r o t e c t i o n du t r a v e i l , compardee eux a u t r e e ueinee i n d u e t r i e l l e e e t d ' i n d u e t r i e a l i m e n t a i r e s , notamment a cause de:
l a temp6rature t a s s e provenant de l a d e s t i n a t i o n des locaux de temperature. b a s e /cneubre f r o i d e : t u n n e l de c o n g e l a t i o n / ,
l e poide e t l a forme dee a e r c h a n d i e e e e t o c k d e e ,
l e a dangere provenant dee c a r e c t h i e t i q u e e du f l u i d e f r i g o r i g h e .
l e b r u i t des Cquipemente employ40 dane l e e h a l l e e aun mechinee.
Le r a p p o r t t r a i t 8 dee a o l u t i o n a employiee en Hongrie pour la
n e u t r a l i e e t i o n dee souroes de dengere.
-
-
-
J e a n P i e r r e AUDIFFRET
I n g E n i e u r S o c i B t 6 WANNER I S O F I I s o l a t i o n
Le rapport prEsente un procPdE de c o n s t r u c t i o n e t d ' i s o l a t i o n q u i permet
de r c a l i s e r des e n t r e p s t s incombustibles. C e t t e .technique cr&Ee .en , 9 7 1
a f a i t l ' o b j e t de t r S s noinbreuses a p p l i c a t i o n s en France e t en Europe.
Une c a r t e indique pour l a France l e u r l o c a l i s a t i o n .
Le rapport d g c r i t l e pracPd6, c o n s t i t u g d'une enceinte mgtallique Etanche
e t autoportante doublee d'une i s o l a t i o n en f i b r e de v e r r e .
Enfin, il p r e s e n t e une a p p l i c a t i o n importante de ce procede aux entrep^ots
f r i g o r i f i q u e s de l a SocigtE NORFRIGO, 5 BOULOGNE SUR MER, qui comprennent
4 chambres d'une CapacitG de 90.000 m3.
Jean Pierre AUDIFFRET
Ingenieur Soc.ikt6 WANNER ISOFI Isolation
INTRODUCTION
a
Cet expose a pour objet la presentation d'un procede de construct'ion bien connu sous le nom ISOMETAL et tout particulierement destine
2 la realisation d'entrepets frigorifiques incombustibles.
*
I
Aprss avoir present6 l'historique, les references et l a description technique de ce prockde, nous nous attacherons plus particulisre.merit B la presentation d'une application importante d e cette technique,
celle-ci concernera les entrepcts frigorifiques d e la Societe NORFRIGO
B BOULOGNE.SUR.MER.
2. LE PROCEDE ISOMETAL
2.1. Historique et references
.............................
Cette technique de conception originale a 6t6 cr66e en 1971.
Depuis cette date, la Societe WANNER ISOFI Isolation, que je represente
ici, et les ETS BOUTARD, associes dans l'exploitation du procede ont
construits en EUROPE, un ensemble de 120 installations qui representent
une capacite totale de stockage voisine de 1 000 000 m3.
TABLEAU I
Repartition gkographique des installations en EUROPE
Pays
FRANCE
ALLEMAGNE
ESPAGNE
ITALIE
BELGIQUE
Capacitg
Nombre
REPARTITION GEOGRAPHIQUE DES IFGTALLATIONS EN FRANCE
F I G U R E No 1.
II
I S O M E T A L
II
52
FIGURE 1.
Sur cette carte figure simultan6ment les applications du proc6d6'
aux entrep6ts destines au stockage des produits surgeles, ainsi que les
chambres froides spgcialis6es dans la conser.vation des fruits en atmos.ph&re contr616e.
L'importance et le nombre de ces rkalisations demontrent les avantages d ' u n proc6d6 dont le principe s t i n s p i r e directement de la construction des silos m6talliques tr6s largement utilis6s depuis les a n n k
SO.
Le procede ISOMETAL est constitu6 par la conjugaison d e deux composants parfaitement compl6mentaires et intggres, c'est-&-dire :
-
-
une enceinte m6tallique etanche et auto-portante,
une isolation incombustible appliquee sur les parois de cette
enceinte,
Cette enceinte est compos6e d 1 6 1 6 m e n t s prefabriquks en t61e d'acig.
auto-patinable & haute limite 6lastique d'une epaisseur de 2mm. Ces
616ments se presentent sous forme d e panneaux nervur6s obtenus par pliages successifs & 135OC. Les nervures trap6zoidales ainsi form6es donnent une tr6s grande
rigi-dit6 aux elements dont les dimensions courantes sont : longueur : 5.00m hauteur 2.40m.
CROQUIS 1.
Dessin d ' u n panneau
Sur le lieu de montage; ces panneaux sont assembles par soudure
Clectrique sur une structure m6:talliqu.e de poteaux. et de poutres dispos6s B lqext6rieur de l'enceinte.
A cet effet, les panneaux des parois verticales de llence.inte
comportpnt B leurs extr6mitCs des plats soudes en usine qui obturent
les nervures. Ce dispositif simplifie llintkgration des 'panneaux nervur6s sur les poteaux, tout en reduisant la section de ces derniers et
en supprimant les ossatures secondaires habituellement ndcessaires sur
les structures classiques. (lisses et contreventement).
troquis
3
troquis
Z
La toiture de l'enceinte est r6alisCe avec les m8mes 616ments
nervures qui sont dans ce cas suspendus sous un dispositif classique,
comprenant des poutres principales (ferme e n treillis tubulaire ou portique h ime pleine) gengralement espacCes de 1 0 m et des poutres transversales gCn6ralement tous les 5' m.
La toiture ainsi compos6e comprend une ou deux pentes de 3 , 5 % determinee en fonction de la surface du bstiment, les nervures de la toiture sont bien entendu disposees dans le sens de 1'Ccoulement des eaux
pluviales et ces dernieres sont r6cuper6es et Cvacuees en bas de pente
dans des chsneaux int6gres aux parois.
Toutes les parties de la structure et de l'enceinte sont accessibles (absence d'entre-fers) et leur protection contre la corrosion est
assurge par l a nature et la qualit6 de l t a c i e r utilise. Seules les parties visibles ou exposees Bl'ensoleillement reGoivent une peinture de
teinte claire afin de limiter l'absorption du flux solaire.
Ce, systeme de construction industrialiskqui met en oeuvre des
616ments intkgralement prefabriques permet la rhalisation de bgtiment
de tres grandes dimensions dont les parois tres robustes et tres 6tanches B la vapeur d'eau conviennent tout particulierement aux e.ntre.p$ts
frigorifiques.
2.3. L'isolation incombustible
..............................
Le comportement au feu d'une paroi fortement isolee entre deux
revstements m6talliques de faible 6paisseur d6pend essentiellement de
la r6action au feu de l ' g m e isolante.
Le choix des matkriaux isolants incombustibles (selon le classement --M o des normes fransaises) est actuellement trbs restreint puisque
seuls les isolants d'origine min6rale repondent B ce critere (fibres
de verre et de roche, verre cellulaire).
La fibre de verre a 6t6 retenue pour constituer l'isolation de
l'enceinte m6tallique B la suite de la prise en compte des critbres
suivants :
-
-
-
-
grande efficacit6 de la barrigre pare-vapeur,
insensibilitk aux variations de tempkratures,
stabilite dimensionnelle,
stabilite physico-chimique,
flexibilit6 pour l'absorption des 16g6res deformations ou
mouvements de l'enceinte,
facilit6 de mise en oeuvre,
prix interessant,
incombustibilit6,
L'isolation en fibre de verre se pr6sente sous la forme de panneaux semi-rigides d'une masse volumique de 22 kg/m3 et de dimensions
6gales B 2.40m x 1.20m, des 616ments en fibre d e verre sont dCcoup6s
selon le profil des nervures de l'enceinte et sont appliqu6s dans les
creux form6s par celles-ci. L'isolation comprend ensuite 2 ou 3 couches
de panneaux avec croisement et compression des joints.
Cette isolation est revGtue intgrieurement par un bardage g6n6ralement en acier galvanis6. Un dispositif de profils sp6ciaux relies
aux parois de l'enceinte par lfinterm6diaire de supports isothermes,
assure la fixation des panneaux isolant en empechant toute possibilit6
de glissement ou tassement.
La mise en oeuvre de l'isolation s'effectue ainsi rapidement et
simplement sans aucun produit de collage.
Les 6paisseurs de fibre de verre habituellement appliqu6es sont
les suivantes :
-
pour les chambres B O°C : 180 B 2 2 0 m m
pour les chambres B -30°C 280 B 340mm
troquis
4
troquis
5
Bordoge
Profil
Dist o n c ~ u r
3. LES ENTREPOTS FRIGORIFIQUES NORFRIGO A BOULOGNE/MER.
Le 28 D6cembre ,1967 la Societ6 NORFRIGO 6tait victime d'un incendie qui detruisait un entrepSt de 1 2 000 m3 alors en cours de construction. Le montant de ce sinistre repr6sentait B l f 6 p o q u e une somme de :
4 , 5 millions de francs.
*
#
Les~'responsab1esde cette Soci6t6 d6cidaient alors la reoncstruction de l 8 e n t r e p 6 t en fixant au premier plan de son programme, le souci
d'une protection et d l u n e s6curite efficaces contre les risques d l i n cendie.
La Soci6t6 NORFRIGO imposait ainsi dans le cahier des charges de
'son projet une construction incombustible et choisissait la technique,
toute nouvelle B 1 1 6 p o q u e , de l'enceinte mgtallique 6tanche isol6e en
fibre de verre.
En 1971, convaincue des avantages de ce nouveau procCd6 qui repondait bien B ses pr6occupations, la Soci6t6 NORFRIGO devenait pour la
p,remi8re fois le promoteur d'une technique jusqu'alors inappliqu6e dans
1$ domaine frigorifique.
I1 faut reconnaitre ici les merites d ' u n choix bien mesur6 qui
al.lait trouver sa justification dans la reussite du projet.
A BOULOGNE SUR MER, les nouveaux entrepSts frigorifiques NORFRIGO
sont implant6s en bordure de quai du bassin LOUBET. 11s comprennent un
ensemble de 4 tranches, trois en exploitation et unez en cours de r6alisation, qui reprgsentent un volume d e stockage de 9 0 000 m3 B la temp6rature de - 30°C.
NORFRIGO
NORFRIGO
NORFRIGO
NORFRIGO
2
2 BIS
3
5
20
20
22
28
000
000
000
000
m3
m3
m3
m3
Les 4 chambres de stockage sont compl6t6es et s.6par6es par des
bstiments annexes regroupant les halls de manutention, sas, bureaux,
locaux sanitaires et locaux techniques.
La surface totale des constructions est egale B 1 3 000 m2 dont
9 500 m2 pour la zone de stockage frigorifiqus B
30°C et 3 500 m2
pour les bgtiments annexes.
-
#
Les chambres 2, 2 BIS et 5 sont implant6es en ligne sur le quai
Sud du bassin LOUBET. La chambre 5 d6tach6e des precedentes est implant6e B l l O u e s t du bassin.
La conception gdn4rale de ces 4 chambres est identique et tous les
bstiments sont construits en ISOMETAL. Les produits surgelCs sont stocconvertisseur, B raison de 4500 con-ur
k6s sur 4 niveaux de
dans chacune des chambres 2 , 2 bis, et 3 sur palettier fixe B 6 niveaux
dans la chambre 5. L'ensemble des 4 chambres offre une capacit6 de stockage de 17 200 convertisseurs.
Une s6rie d16quipements et dispositifs de protection et detection
incendie sont install6s B l'interieur des bstiments. 11s renforcent et
complstent la sCcurit6 d6jB apportee par l'incombustibilit6 des cons*.=
tions :
Mur coupe-f eu
------------Un mur coupe-feu separe les chambres 2 et 2 bis. Les deux communications creees dans ce mur entre les deux chambres sont dquipees de
portes coupe-feu.
Protection incendie par extincteur automatique
..............................................
Les chambres 2 bis, 3 et 5 , ainsi que leurs bPtiments annexes sont
protCg6s par des installations d'extinction automatique SPRINKLER. Ces
installations sont strictement conformes aux prescriptions de 1'APSAI
(rsgle R 1). Les installations raccordCes au rCseau d'eau de la ville
peuvent dCbiter chacune 3 800 lit/minute. Le debit disponible sur le
rCseau Ctant insuffisant, chaque installation comporte un reservoir
d'appoint de 120 m3 pour assurer le debit d'eau necessaire.
Le rCseau est charge avec un melange anti-gel comprenant 50% de
GLYCOL. Les e e s SPRINKLER sont disposees selon un espacement d'environ
Ces detecteurs B chambre ionisee aliment6s sous basse tension
equipent les chambres 3 et 5. Au nombre de 3 5 par chambre, ils sont
places au plafond dan s les allees de circulation et i l ' a s ~ i r a t i o nd e s
batteries, ils sont connectes avec le circuit de ventilation et coupent
celui-ci en cas d'alarme.
Ces dgtecteurs trss sensibles peuvent ttre dCclenchCs accidentellement par les brouillards de vapeur d'eau emis B la fin des cycles de
degivrage.
Fumiddmes
--------Ces exutoires destinCs B l'evacuation des fumCes sont places dans
les toitures des halls de manutention. Leur ouverture est dCclench6e
par des fusibles.
Isolation incombustible sur les tuyauteries
..........................................
Sur une longueur de lm, les passages de tuyauteries isolees au travers des parois sont isoles en verre cellulaire.
Extincteur et RIA
--------------Enfin, un service de gardiennage assure la sdcuritd ghnerale en
dehors des heures de trafic.
CONCLUSION
---------I1 existe au jourd'hui des procedes et des techniques fiables pour
protCger efficacement les entrepdts frigorifiques contre les risques
d'incendie. Les nouveaux entrepdts frigorifiques de NORFRIGO en apportent la d6monstration.
Souhaitons que cet exemple inspire des initiatives comparables,
alors qu'aujourd'hui l'augmentation de la taille des entrepdts entraine
simultan6ment une aggravation des risques et du coat des assurances
incendie.
APPENDIX 3
Foamed P l a s t i c I n s u l a t i o n R e g u l a t i ' o n s
-
C u r r e n t U.K.
situation
Protest
against
foamed
e
Foamed plastics are being increasingly
used as thermal insulation for the
shells of buildings, applied either internally or externally. They can be fixed
in board form or sprayed o n in siru, a
method particularly useful for existing
structures. Usually some form o f surface coating is applied t o provide
resistance to weathering and impact,
and t o ensure that the insulation does
not result in an increased rate o f fire
growth. The purpose of this article is
t o inform installers and customers of
the possible fire hazard o f this type of
insulation if it is not suitably protected,
t o stress the need for appropriate
finishes t o be developed, and t o outline
work in progress on the problem at FRS.
External application of foamed plastics
insulants will generally result in a less
acute fire problem than internal application; w i t h the possible exception of
tall buildings, and depending on the
type of construction t o which it is applied, i t will have little influence o n life
hazard. Nevertheless, care must obviously be taken t o avoid the risk of
unrestricted fire spread. Application o f
irisulation t o the interior of a building
poses worse fire problems, partly due
t o the conservation of heat within the
enclosure, b u t principally because
'flanies having h ~ g rates
h
o f heat transfer impinge on the ceiling:roof surface
and cause a sudden increase in radiation intensity. This results in a rapidly
developing flame plurnr? spreading
horizontally.
Traditional i n s ~ ~ l a t i nmalerials,
g
usually
of a cellulosic base, ignite and spread
flame when exposed t o a localised high
intensity fire source; protective coatings can be applied w h i c h will ensure
that the extent of spread is restricted
t o acceptable limits. Curtain foamed
plastics insulants, however, once ignited burn w i t h considerably greater
intensity than cellulosic products and
consequently require a superior protective membrane t o resist progressive
destruction and to limit the extent of
spread. Such a finish m u s t either restrict the f l o w of heat t o the underlying foam, limit the air supply t o the
decomposition zone or prevent the
rapid emission of flammable volatiles.
In the United States. Model Building
Codes usually require r y~.! facings t o
Mrs B F
w
Rogowski
tics inslalants
13sc
protect foamed plastics insulants;
these m u s t have a 1 5 - m i n 'fire resistance', ie they must continue t o maintain their stability, integrity and insulation for this period when exposed t o
fully-developed fire conditions similar
t o those specified in BS 476:Part 8.
Materials suitable t o providc! this 'ther.
ma1 barrier' include 1 2 ninl plaster
board or non-comhustit~le insulation
board. Such protectmn may be costly,
and fitting, particularly over sprayed
insulation, can be difficult. A n alternative which should generally be satisfactory from a fire poirit of view is the
use of a composite boardiloam, where
the protective membrane will be of a
thickness t o provide the requisite pro.
tection.
Proprietary coatings are bomg developed in the US and the UK which exhibit the required performance characteristics whilst not actually meeting
the requirements of a 'thermal harrier'.
Their advantages should include
economy in basic cost and ease of ap.
plication, although care milst be taken
t o ensure their fire behaviour is not u n acceptably inferior t o that o f the 'therm a l barrier'. However, mclliod:; of
Fire performance of
prorected foatned
plastics insulation
belrly teslcd at the
FRS feciliry ar
Card~ngtorr
assessing the effectiveness of these
coatings have yet t o be devised.
The tests for internal linings of BS
476:Part 7 (Surface spread of flame)
and Part 6 lFire propagation) were
originally designed for checking the
p c r f o r r n a ~ ~ c eof 'traditional' linings
such as cellulosic boards and may not
be adequate for assessing lightweight
plastics insulants protected b y proprietary coatings. The rate o f heat
transfer in the tests ( 4 ~ l c m ' )is
relatively low compared with that which
may be encountered in localised fires
( 1 5 ~ l c m and
~ lafter penetration of
the coating, heat release from tho
foamed insulation may exceed that o f
the test conditions. Moreover, the tests
are n o t designed t o assess the mechanical pefformance of the protective
facing: small specimens, exposed primarily to radiant heat alone, fail t o develop the stresses typical o l those likely
to be found in prsctice. Added t o this
is the ini!)ossibility of reproducing in
rest conditions the thermoplastic behaviour of many foamed insulants.
Thus, as a check o n the performance
of foams a18d protective coatings i t i s D
Electric heat pumps provide one of the
options for reducing the energy cost
of domestic heating, particularly for
housing w i t h access to only the more
expensive fuels. Heat pumps are expensive and when evaluating their cost
effectiveness it is critical t o know their
likely performance in use. A unique
testing chamber which will enable accurate performance figures t o be obtained for electric heat pumps has
been built at Garston, and is n o w
available for hire by manufacturers.
Test walls uf different consrructions end up to 2 ! 5 m square can be studied in these
tour separarely-controlled cliniatic chambers
Testing performance
of external wallls
New climatic chambers are available
at PRL for studying the effects on external walls of the moisture generated
within buildings. There are four sets of
double chambers, each w i t h separate
humidity and temperature control to
allow simultaneous tests w i t h four different climatic regimes on walls of
similar construction. Steady or cyclic
climates can bc produced. The first
experiment will examine timberframed walls, as described in lnforn~aI
P
a I 1 !8 1 (see page 1 51. Fur.
ther work envisaged will involve steelframed walls, curtain walling suitable
for n~ulti-storeyoflice buildir,gs, and
possibly insulated profile sheet walls,
mainly applicable to indtrstrial buildinys. It is antic~patedthat there may
be spare capacity in the future for
assessment of walls on a repayment
basis.
Also discussed in the IP is the impor-
tance of providing a vapour check on
the indoor side of a timber-framed
wall, and the difficulties of ensuri,:g
that such a check exists within a waii.
When aluminium foil-backed plasterboard is specified, it is difficult for the
building supervisor t o know, after i r i stallation, whether the board used was
in fact foil-backed. Simple cheap metal
detectors, developed for locating metal
objects within walls and floors, have
proved suitable for doing this. A detector tested at PRL can locate missing
areas of foil as small as 1 2 0 mm2. It
works off a 9-volt battery and when
scanned over the inside surface of a
wall, i t will continuously light a pilot
l a n ~ pin the presence of foil; pipes,
wires, nails or other metal objects will
result in the lamp lighting briefly, as the
detector passes over the object. Any
substitution of plain plasterboald can
thus easily be discovered.
continued from previous page
sometimes necessary to have recourse
t o large-scale ad-hoc experiments (see
photograph). The configuration most
frequently used is that of a corner of a
building including wall and ceiling linings up t o 7.5 m high. Other configurations use constructions on a scale
typical of domestic or small industrial
enclosures. Such tests are obviously
expensive, and an equivalent tesk on a
reduced scale is urgently needed.
Work is in hand at FRS t o devise such
a test and the Station welcomes the
collaboration of manufacturers in work
which should help in the development
of effective protective finishes. In the
meantime, it is important that installers follow the recommendations in
Codes of Practice, and seek the advice
of the insltlation manufacturers. e
BRE has carried out a considerable
programme of research on heat pumps
and has incorporated heat pump technology in its experimental low-energy
house laboratories. Trials in which the
observed field performance of heat
pumps differed markedly from manufacturer's perfwmance curves led t o
the construction of a test chamber t o
enable the field performance of heat
pumps t o be predicted. Tests on a
single-room heat pump, carried out by
BRE under contract to the EEC, showed
good agreement between the results
obtained in the test chamber and in
field trials in housing.
The new BRE heat pump test chamber
is designed specifically for electric
heat pumps extracting heat from outdoor air and delivering it t o water flowing, for example, in a conventional hot
water radiator system. The heat pump
is enclosed inside'a thermally insulated
chamber whose temperature and
humidity are closely controlled. The
heat pump is operated so that it extracts heat from the chamber and delivers it t o a water supply of controlled
temperature T'w t?lecric power consumption o' * b c - 'beat P U I ~ ?and the
heat t r a n s f e r r ~ dto the water are measured t o a hiutb precision. The chamber
is able t o accommodate heat pumps
rated t o extract up t o 1 5 k W from air
at temperatures d o w n t o - 5OC. To
investigate frosting performance
which, it is n o w recognised, can significantly downgrade the seasonal
performance of such heat pumps, the
test chamber can be operated w i t h relative humidities of up t o 8 0 per cent.
Further information a b c * ~the
t
hire of
the test chamber can be obtained from
Dr David Fisk, Head of Mechanical and
Electrical Engineering Division, at BRE.
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For up-to-date information about all
BRE publications. send for a copy of
the Information Directory 1980 and
Information Peper 3 1180. using the
Reader Reply Card w i t h :his issue.
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GPYI -
Series
BO6O 83
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Fire protection and oold storage.
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SERIES
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BUILDING RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF NEW ZEALAND INC.
HEAD OF FlCE AND LIBRARY, MOONSHINE ROAD, JUDGEFORD.
The Building Research Association of New Zealand is
an industry-backed, independent research and testing
organisation set up to acquire, apply and distribute
knowledge about building which will benefit the
industry and through it the community a t large.