Tovana 6 - Conservation International

FIZAHANTAKELAKA
FAMPIDIRANAANKAPOBENY......................................................................................................................................5
FOMBAFAMPIASANANYBOKY...................................................................................................................................5
1. Nyfombafitondranatetikasamahombysymaharitra.......................................................................................6
1.1. Inonanoataohoetetikasatetikasa?................................................................................................................6
1.1.1. NyFijerenaIfotony.......................................................................................................................................6
1.1.2. Nyfanoratananytaratasyfangatahanafamatsiambola............................................................................6
1.1.3. FanantanterahanasyFanjohiana.................................................................................................................6
1.1.4. Fanaovanatomban’ezaka............................................................................................................................6
1.2. Fisafidianananytetikasavelontena................................................................................................................7
1.2.1. Fambolena....................................................................................................................................................7
1.2.1.1.
Fanatsarananytanysyadyamin’nyahidratsyaryfambolenaamin’nytanymisolampy......................7
1.2.1.2.
Karazambolyvelontena..........................................................................................................................8
1.2.2. Fiompiana.....................................................................................................................................................9
1.2.3. Asatanana...................................................................................................................................................9
1.2.4. Zahavoaary.................................................................................................................................................10
1.2.5. Fotodrafitr’asa..........................................................................................................................................10
1.3. Findramambolasynyfanantaterahanatetikasa..........................................................................................11
1.4. Ireomasontsivanafifidianananyfaritrasynympahazotombotsoamivantana.........................................11
1.5. Nyandraikitrynytetikasasynympahazotombotsoamivantana.................................................................11
1.6. Nyandraikitrynympitondraisan’ambaratongasyireompiaramiombon’antokaeoantoerana.............11
1.7. Nyfombafiasan’nytetikasa...........................................................................................................................11
1.7.1. Teknikahoan’nyfiarahamoninasyfampandraisanaanjara...................................................................12
1.7.2. Teknikasekolymaintsohoan’nytantsaha................................................................................................12
1.7.3. Teknikaaraparitra....................................................................................................................................12
1.7.4. Tetikafampandraisanaanjaranylahysyvavy...........................................................................................12
1.8. Ireofombafanofananasyfampitànanyfahaizamanao..............................................................................12
1.8.1. Nyandragojia............................................................................................................................................13
1.8.2. Fitsidihanafifanakalozana..........................................................................................................................13
1.8.3. Fiofananamihanaka...................................................................................................................................13
1.8.4. Programaalefaamin’nyonjampeo..........................................................................................................13
1.8.5. Valafampisehoana.....................................................................................................................................13
1.8.6. Dialavitrasyfianarana...............................................................................................................................13
2. Nyfanamafisananyfahaizamanaosynyrindrandaminaeoanivon’nytantsaha.........................................13
2.1. Nyfanamafisananyfahaizamanao..............................................................................................................13
2.2. NyRindrandaminana....................................................................................................................................14
2.2.1. Nyolonatsirairay......................................................................................................................................14
2.2.2. Nyfikambanana.........................................................................................................................................14
2.2.2.1.
Famaritanaankapobeny........................................................................................................................14
2.2.2.2.
Nyfananganananyfikambanana..........................................................................................................14
2.2.2.3.
Nyfepetramampahombynyfikambanan’nytantsaha.........................................................................15
2.2.3. Federasiona................................................................................................................................................15
2.2.4. Kaoperativa................................................................................................................................................15
2.2.4.1.
Famaritananyataohoe“Kaoperativa”.................................................................................................15
2.3. NyFitarihana..................................................................................................................................................16
2.3.1. Toetratsarailain’nympitarika...................................................................................................................16
2.3.2. Inonaavynykarazanafombafitarihana...................................................................................................16
2.3.3. Fitarihanasynyfitantanana.......................................................................................................................17
2.3.4. Nyfombafitarihanamahomby..................................................................................................................17
2.3.5. Nyekipanafikambananamandresy..........................................................................................................18
2.3.6. Mitarikaekipahiatrikafanamby................................................................................................................18
2.4. Fifandraisana..................................................................................................................................................19
2.4.1. Ireofototradimyiorenan’nyfifandraisana................................................................................................19
2.4.2. Ireofanoitraamin’nyfifandraisana...........................................................................................................19
2.4.3. Fombafanomezanavalinkafatra..............................................................................................................20
2.4.4. Fombafandraisanavalinkafatra...............................................................................................................20
TOVANA.....................................................................................................................................................................21
Tovana1:Nyolanametymitrangasynyararaotramisyaryireotorolàlanatorolàlana...........................................22
Tovana2:Drafitrynytaratasyfangatahanafamatsiambola....................................................................................23
Tovana3:Fanadihadihananytetikasavelontena.....................................................................................................24
Tovana4:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasa.....................................................................25
Tovana5:Ireolalànamifehynyfikambanana..........................................................................................................27
Tovana6:Programan’asaisantaona(PAIT).............................................................................................................28
Tovana7:Vinavinambola.........................................................................................................................................29
Bokynanovozankevitra.............................................................................................................................................30
2
LISITRYNYSARY
SARY1:Tsingerin’nytetikasa.............................................................................................................................................6
SARY2:RakobelonaTephrosia........................................................................................................................................7
SARY3:Rakomatymololo................................................................................................................................................7
SARY4:Tsipikamiraahabo,fambolenaamin’nytanymisolampy...................................................................................7
SARY5:Taharon’nykomposta...........................................................................................................................................7
SARY6:Kompostaefavita................................................................................................................................................7
SARY7:Finjijana,volyvary................................................................................................................................................8
SARY8:Vokatramangahazo,............................................................................................................................................8
SARY9:Volyavotra,ovy....................................................................................................................................................8
SARY10:Volykokaombra.................................................................................................................................................8
SARY11:Fampiarahanavolyvoankazonahazosyvolyhafa.........................................................................................8
SARY12:Volymananasy....................................................................................................................................................8
SARY13:Foarambokatra.................................................................................................................................................8
SARY14:Sompitraiombonana,.........................................................................................................................................8
SARY15:FiompianaTantely..............................................................................................................................................9
SARY16:Fiompianaakohogasy........................................................................................................................................9
SARY17:Fiompianatrondro.............................................................................................................................................9
SARY18:Fanaovanatenonarofia.....................................................................................................................................9
SARY19:Harona,vitaamin’nyravindahasa.....................................................................................................................9
SARY20:Tsenan’ny«coopérativeartisanaledeFandriana»(CAF).................................................................................9
SARY21:Babakoto,..........................................................................................................................................................10
SARY22:Efitrafandraisambahiny,.................................................................................................................................10
SARY23:Ireofotodrafitr’asa,TAMSAndasibe...............................................................................................................10
SARY24:Fampidiranaranomadio,Malawi.....................................................................................................................11
SARY25:“Unitédecentralisationetdevente”UCV(kaoperativa)................................................................................11
SARY26:Fanamboaranalakandrano,.............................................................................................................................11
SARY27:Fivoriambemparitra.........................................................................................................................................12
SARY28:Teknikasekolymaintso,FikambananaMintsinjo............................................................................................12
SARY29:Fikambananampanaoasatanana...................................................................................................................12
SARY30:Fiofananaolodehibe.......................................................................................................................................12
SARY33:Fizaranafitaovana,sarikilezy,fanondrahana,angadysns................................................................................14
SARY34:Fizaranaakora,rofia.........................................................................................................................................14
SARY35:Fizaranazezikabiolojika....................................................................................................................................14
SARY31:Valafampisehoana,fambolembary................................................................................................................13
SARY32:Fiaingan’nytantsahahanaotsidihanafanadihadihana...................................................................................13
SARY36:MauriceRAZAKAMANOTRONA,Tantsahamodely..........................................................................................14
SARY37:Fikambananampanaoasatanana,..................................................................................................................14
SARY38:Fivoaran’nyfikambanan’nyTantsaha(federasiona)........................................................................................15
SARY39:Ireofombafitarihana.......................................................................................................................................16
SARY40:Mitarikasymitantanambahahazoanavokatratsara......................................................................................17
SARY41:Ekipanafikambananamandresy......................................................................................................................18
SARY42:ModelyFANAMBY.............................................................................................................................................18
SARY43:Ireofototradimyiorenan’nyfifandraisana......................................................................................................19
SARY44:Ireofanoitrynyfifandraisana...........................................................................................................................19
3
LISITRYNYTABILAO
Tabilao1:Olanametymitrangasynyararaotramisyarynytorolalana.........................................................................22
Tabilao2:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nyfambolena.........................................25
Tabilao3:Fandraisan’anjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nyFiompiana...........................................25
Tabilao4:Fandraisan’anjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nysopitraiombonana..............................25
Tabilao5:Fandraisan’anjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaeoamin’nyasatànana....................................25
Tabilao6:Fandraisan’anjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nyfotodrafitr’asa....................................25
Tabilao7:Fandraisan’anjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaeoamin’nyEkotorisma......................................26
Tabilao8:Fandraisan’anjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nykaoperativa.........................................26
LOHARANONTSARY
AdventistDevelopmentandReliefAgency(ADRA):5,6,7,9,10,16,18,19,20,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,34,35,36,37
AgroInitiativepourleDéveloppement(AID):38
AssociationNationaled’ActionsEnvironnementales(ANAE):2,3,4,11,15,23,33
FAFIALA:41
FoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO):1
JoanB.,SylviaV.andAlisonE.:40
LapaAraDrafitraIvoaran’nyAmbanivolo(LADIA):17
MiangolaRAZANAJATOVO:22
NirhyRabibisoa:24
PopulationServicesInternational(PSI):42,43
TokiniainaRasolofoarimanana:21
WarrenManantsoavinaRazafindrabe:8,12,13,14,39
4
FAMPIDIRANAANKAPOBENY
Voasokajyteoamin’nylaharanafaha143amin’nyfirenena177erantanyiMadagasikaratamin’nytaona2008
raha ny toekarena no jerena1. Hita fa miaina ao anatin’ny tsy fahampiantsakafo mafy ny 25% n’ny Malagasy
tamin’nytaona2005aryny15%kosanoampysakafo.Latsakyny1dollarsAmerikanina(USD)isan’androkosa
nyvolamiditraamin’ny72%n’nyMalagasy2tamin’nytaona2001,izanyhoeambanin’nyfetran’nyfahantrana.
Inonaizanynotenamahatonganyfahantrana?
Nyvoalohany:avyamin’nytoejavatramanodidinaivelany3,4:
Nyfiovaovan’nytoetr’androizaymahatonganyfitomboan’nyhaintanysynymosarytoanyanyamin’nyfaritra
atsimo,nyfandalovan’nyrivodozamihamaheryvaika,indrindraanyamin’nyfaritraatsinananasyavaratra.
Nyfanatontoloanaaratoekarenaizaymitrangaetoamin’izaotontoloizao,kaireotanyizaymanafatrasakafo
anyivelanynotenamitondrafaisana.Anisan’izanynykaontinantaafrikaninasatriavoaterymividylafoireoen
tanaavyanyivelanyizyireo.
Nyfifindramoninaantanàndehibeizaymiterakatsyfisian’asa.
Nykorontanaarapolitikasyaratsosialy
Nyfaharoa:miankinaamin’ireoharenafototraanananaizaymifampiankina:
Nyharenaaraboajanaharytoynytany,rano,ala,
Nyfanananaarabolatoynyfahafahanamividy,mitahiry,misambotra
Nyfanananaamin’nymahaolonatoynyfahalalana,fahakingana,fahasalamana
Nyfanananaaratsosialyeoamin’nyfiarahamonina,fikambanana,fifandraisanaarapiarahamonina
Nyfanananjavatratoynyfotodrafitr’asa,fitaterana,serasera
Misyfiantraikanyeoamin’nyfamokaranasynyvokatraazonytsyfahampian’ireoharenafototraireo.
Mifandraikabetsakaamin’nyhalavan’nymaitsoahitraizanyrahajerenanyfahantranaetoMadagasikara.
Kendrenanyhahazoanamanatsaranyfiainan’nyfianakavianatsirairay,ialànyamin’nyfahantranaamin’nyalalan’ny
fahaizamitrandrakasymanatsaraireoharenafototraananana.
Anisan’ny paik’ady hahazoamitrandraka sy manitatra ny fomba fitadiavana amin’ny fomba maharitra nefa tsy
manimbanytontoloiainanamanodidinanyfanaovanatetikasavelontena.
Antsoinahoefivelomanamaharitraizayasaafakamisedranyolanamaroivelanysyafakamampitombohatranyny
fahaizamanaoankehitrinysyamin’nyhoavyarykoamitahirysymiaronytontoloiainana.
Itybokyitydiamanampyamin’nyfanangananasyfitantananatetikasavelontenaahazoanavokatsoasymaharitra
FOMBAFAMPIASANANYBOKY
Misylohahevitraroalehibeitybokyity:
1) nyfombafitondranatetikasamahombysymaharitraizaymilazany fanangananasyfanatanterahana
tetikasa,nytorolàlanatorolàlanahoan’nytantsahambahahazoanavokatratsarasyfiharianamaharitraary
ireo karazana tetikasa velontena mety atao notsoahina avy tamin’ny fanandramana sy fanombanana ireo
tetikasaefavitasynymbolaeoamperin’asa.
2) nyfanamafisananyfahaizamanaosynyrindrandaminaeoanivon’nytantsahaizayahitanaireokarazana
vondron’olona iasan’ny tetikasa, ireo teknika entina manentana sy manofana ny mpahazo tombotsoa, ny
fombafitarihanasyfitantananaarynyfifandraisanaeoamin’nyfiarahamonina.
Manehosymamintinanyhevitratianaambaraamin’nyfombatsotrasymazavaireosary
Ny tovana dia entina manazava ny hevitra ambara na koa maneho ny taratasy ampiasaina amin’ny lafiny
fampiharanamivantananytorolalànaomena.
1
ProgrammedesNationsUniespourledéveloppement(PNUD)2008.L'indicededéveloppementhumain.
INSTAT,USAID,EHP/ECHO,FoundationSummit,FoundationTanyMeva2001.Enquêtesanté,populationetEnvironnmentMADAGASCAR
BerthineR2009.EvaluationqualitativedelasécuritéalimentaireàMadagascar.2009
4
TadashiS.2006.AssessingtheaccesstoforestresourcesforimprovinglivelihoodsinWestandCentralAsiacountries.
2
3
5
1. Nyfombafitondranatetikasamahombysymaharitra
1.1. Inonanoataohoetetikasa?
Antsoinahoetetikasany drafitr’asavoasoritraaoanatin’nyfotoanavoafetrambahahazoanavokatratsaraho
amin’ny fampandrosoana ny faripiainana izay mahasahana sehatra iray na maromaro. Misy dingana 4 ny
tsingerin’ny tetikasa: ny fijerena ifotony, ny fanoratana taratasy famatsiambola, ny fanatanterahana sy ny
fanjohianaarynytomban’ezaka
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
1.1.1. NyFijerenaifotony
Adiadiana ny zavamisy marina eo antoerana: fototry ny olana sy ny zavatra azo araraotina ary ny
vahaolana.
Tokony hifanaraka tsara amin’ny zavamisy sy ny olana ary ny araraotra misy eo antoerana (jereo ny
tovana1)nytetikasavelontena.
Fantarinaireofepetraarateknikatakian’nytetikasaalohan’nyisafidiananatetikasairay.
Ilaina ny fandraisan’ anjaran’ny rehetra (mponina, manampahefana, mpiaramiombon’antoka…) amin’ny
fanadihadihanambahahazoanavokatratsarasymaharitra.
1.1.2. Nyfanoratananytaratasyfangatahanafamatsiambola
Aravona ny hevitra rehetra
izay nojerena sy hita teo
FIJERENAIFOTONY
amin’ny dingana voalohany.
Faritana ny tanjona, ny
fenitrahotratrarinasynyasa
atao ary koa ny tetik’ady
rehetra(Jereonytovana2)
Manao fanombanana sy ny
FANORATANA
fanadihadiana arateknika,
TARATASY
arabola, tontolo iainana sy
TSINGERIN’
TOMBAN’EZAKA
FANGATAHANA
NY
ny fandraisan’ny lahy sy vavy
FAMANTSIAMBOLA
TETIK’ASA
anjara ary ireo vokatsoa
mety ho azo (Jereo ny
tovana3).
Ampifanarahana
amin’ny
fepetra takian’ny mpamatsy
vola
5
FANATANTERAHANA
Lazaina mazava ny
SYFANJOHIANA
votoatin’ny tetikasa sy ny
fombafanatanterahanaazy
SARY1:Tsingerin’nytetikasa
Lazaina mazava ny tetibola
synyloharanombolahamatsiananytetikasa
Fombafanoratramazavanoampiasaina
Asehoireoporofoisankarazany(ohatra:nytsyfahampian’nyvolamiditra,nyvokatraazosns)
Alefaanyamin’nympamatsyvola
1.1.3. FanantanterahanasyFanjohiana
Fitantananatsaranyhoentimananarehetrahanatrarananyfetra.
Arahimaso sy refesina ary tombanana ny asa vita araka ny fandaharan’asa novolavolaina (moa ve
notanterahinaarakanytokonyhoizyilaytetikasa?).
1.1.4. Fanaovanatomban’ezaka
Atao amin’ny fotoana afovoany sy fiafaran’ny tetikasa ny tomban’ezaka. Fotoana fandraisana ny
fanamarihana(tsikera)isankarazanymbahanatsarananyfombafitantanananyasaataoamin’nymanaraka:
6
namahanyolananovahanave?tratravenytanjonanapetraka?nahombysynahazoanatombonyve?Inona
ireozavatranitrangatsynampoizina?maharitrasymbolahitohyvenyasanatao?
1.2. Fisafidianananytetikasavelontena
1.2.1. Fambolena
Ireozavatrajeren’nytantsaharahamambolyeoamin’nytoeranairay:
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Nykarazambolymetyatao
Masombolytsarasyvoafantina
Nyfifandimbiasanavolytokonyhatao
Nyteknikampambolenaampiasaina
Nyfombafikarakarànasyfanomanananytany
Nykarazanasynyfatran’nyzezikaampiasaina
Nykarazany,fatra,nyfepotoanaarynyfombafampiasana
fanafodyhiadianaamin’nyaretinasybibikely
1.2.1.1.
x
Fanarahanasyfanajananykalandriempambolena
Fitaovampambolenailaina
Fifehezanasyfitantanananyrano
Fifehezananyfombafitehirizanasyfanodinananyvokatra
Fandraisana ny fepetra rehetra hahakely ny vokatra very ao
rian’nyfijinjana
Misyvenytsena?
Fanatsarananytanysyadyamin’nyahidratsyaryfambolenaamin’nytanymisolampy
SARY3:Rakomatymololo
Ireotaharoazoataorakomaty
Mololonabozaka,
Ravinanatahonadingadingananamimosa,
Ravinalongoza,
Ravinanatahondrambiazina.
Tsikafonkafona
Ravina Tephrosia sy ireo legiominezy isan
karazany
Fakoavyamin’nyvolyavotra
SARY4:Tsipikamiraahabo,fambolena
amin’nytanymisolampy
Fitaovana ampiasaiana amin’ny fanaoavana
tsipikamiraahabo
Tombotsoaentin’nyvolyrakotra
Mamononyahidratsymetyhifaninanaamin’nyvolynyrakobelona
Mitahirynyhamandoanaaoamin’nynofontanyindrindramandritranyandromaina
Manamasakanynofontany
Tombotsoa amin’ny fanaovana tsipika mira
ahabo:
Mitombonyvelarantanyazovolena
Tsyvoakaokan’nynyriakanynofontany
SARY2:RakobelonaTephrosia
Ireovolyazoataorakobelona:
Arachis(kivoanjovoanjo)
Desmodiumbarbatum
(mandalodiamiraikitra)
Cassiahirsuta
Crotalaciaanagirodes
Mucuna
Tephrosia
Tsatoka
Mololo na bozaka
Zezika
Tany masaka
Ravi-maitso
Ahitra maina
Vatan’akondro
SARY5:Taharon’nykomposta
SARY6:Kompostaefavita
7
Fikarakarananykomposta:
Tetehinamadinikaireoakoramainasymaitsohanafainganananyfahaloavana.
Tondrahanaisakynyroa(2)andronyatontanjezika
Avadikaisakynyefatra(4)androdiaaverinasaromana.
Tombotsoaentin’nykomposta:
Tsymisynakelymasonkarena
Sadysakafon’nyvolynomanatsaranytany
Vetivetydiavita:21andro
1.2.1.2.
Karazambolyvelontena
SARY7:Fijinjana,volyvary
maroanaka(SRI)
SARY8:Vokatramangahazo,
katsaka..,
SARY9:Volyavotra,ovy
manarapenitra
SARY10:Volykokaombra
SARY12:Volymananasy
SARY11:Fampiarahanavolyvoan
kazonahazosyvolyhafa6
SARY13:Foarambokatra
SARY14:Sompitraiombonana
5
6
Volyhafaataomifandimbyamin’nyvaryenyantanimbary
Agroforesterienaalavadimboly
8
Volyfitadiavambola
Legioma amin’ny andro ririnina : Tongolo, tongolo gasy,
poarao,laisoa,betiravy,radia,karaoty,salady,sofilera,ovy
Legioma amin’ny andro lohataona: Voatavo, kokaombra,
voatabia,sakay,tsaramaso,pasiteky,vomanga,baranjely
Tombontsoaazoavyamin’nyvolyavotra5:mampidibola
haingana,manatsaranysakafo,manamasakanytanimbary
Fanamarihana: Mandritra ny fiotazana sy ny fitaterana dia
mila fitandremana mafy mba tsy ho simba ny vokatra. Ny
legiomatsarasymanintonadiamorahamidy.
Volyvoankazo:poara,poama,paiso,voasary,voaloboka,
manga,mananasy
Volyhazofakanalohamenaka:Ravintsara
Tombotsoaazoavyamin’nyvolyhazo:
manantsaranytontoloiainana,fahasalamana(nyvoankazo
mitondravitamina,siramineraly,siramamy),mampidibola
Tombotsoaazoavyamin’nyalavadimboly:
miaronynofotanytsykaohin’nyriaka,afakamambolyvoly
hafatoynylegiomaizayvolyhaingana.
Volyfihinana
vary,ovy,mangahazo,katsaka,vomanga,oviala,saonjo.
Tombotsoaazoamin’nyfambolenavolyfihinana:
tsymividynyfototsakafo
manatsara ny fahasalamana ny fifandimbiasan‘ireo voly
fihinana
mananaambimbavaazoamidy
Tombotsoaazoavyamin‘nyfisian’nytsena:
afakamamokatraarakanyfilan’nytsena,
azoatokanyfidirambola,misynyfifanakalozana
Tombotsoaazoamin’nysompitraiombonana:
Afakamiatrikanymaintsoahitra,afakamindrambola,
tsaravidynyvokatra,afakamampiasavolahanaovanaasa
hafa
1.2.2. Fiompiana
Ireozavatrajeren’nytantsaharahahiompyeoamin’nytoeranairay:
x Nyfiompianametyatao
x Nyfanomanananysakafohomenaazy.
x Nykarazambibyompiana
x Nyfiarovananyfahasalaman’nybibyfiompy(oha
tra:vakisiny,vitaminina...)
x Nytoeranahisynyfiompiana
Ohatra: Tsy natao ho eny an’arabe ny akoho sy ny vo
x Fifehezana ny fomba fitehirizana sy fanodinana
ronafamisytranovoatokanahoazy.
nyvokatra
x Misyvenytsena?
Fiompianakarazan’akoho
amamboronaarakany
filan’nytsena:akohogasy,
manatodylava,fakana
nofony,gana,gisasns
Fiompianatrondro:carpe
royale,tilapia,besisiskasns
SARY15:FiompianaTantely
SARY16:Fiompianaakoho
gasy
SARY17:Fiompianatrondro
Tombotsoaazoamin’nyfiompiana:
x Manomezezika,
x Sakafo(hena,atodyronono)
x Fitaovampamokarana(omby)
x Fidirambola haingana ( akoho amaborona, FANAMARIHANA:atombokaamin’nyfiompianamanara
trondro,bitro)
penitramiodinahaingananytetikasaatao
x
x
1.2.3. Asatanana
Misyfepetraarahinahahatonganyasatananahomahomby:
Nyakoraampiasaina
x Nytraikefasyfahaizamanao
Nyfampivadianaakora
x Nyfanarahampenitra
Akorafanaovanatenona:
rofia,landy
x
x
Nyfamoronana
Nyfisian’nytsena
Akorafanaovanarary:boza
ka,zozoro,ravindahasa,
ratin’akondro,satrana
SARY18:Fanaovana
tenonarofia
SARY19:Harona,vitaamin’ny
ravindahasa
Tombotsoaamin’nyfanaovanaasatanana:
x Fidirambolahainganaindrindrahoan’nyvehivavy
9
x
x
SARY20:Tsenan’ny«coopéra
tiveartisanaledeFandriana»
(CAF)
Manomelanjanyakorafototraeoantoerana
Mampitombo ny fifandraisana arabarotra sy
arakolotoraly
1.2.4. Zahavoaary
IreozavatrajerenambahampahombynyZahavoaary:
x Ny zavatra mampiavaka eo antoerana ohatra:
biby, zavamaniry tsy fahita any ivelany, ny toe
ranamanantantara,toeranamasina
x Ny fomba fanajariana ny toerana: lalana ho
an’nympizahatany,7
x Ranofisotromadiosyherin’aratra
x
x
x
Fotodrafitr’asa fandraisana vahiny toy ny hotely
natoeranafatorianasyfisakafoana
Ny fanofanana mpitarika8, sakafo, fandraisam
bahiny
Toerana mahasarika ahafahana miala voly na
miriaria(ohatra:fandehananalakana,motosns)
SARY21:Babakoto,
Andasibe
SARY22:Efitrafandraisambahiny,
BakobakoManandona
SARY23:Ireofotodrafitr’asa,
TAMS,Andasibe.
Tombotsoaazoavyamin’nyZahavoaary:
Mampitombonyfifandraisana
x Manomelanjanytontoloiainanasynykoloton
x Mampitombonyfahalalana
tsainaarynyvakoka
x Mampiroborobonytsena
x Mampidibola
x Mampiroborobonyasatànana
1.2.5. Fotondrafitr’asa
Tombotsoaazoavyamin’nylàlantanysytetezana:
hafahana
x mivezivezy
x mamoakanyvokatra
x mitondranyzavatrailainaeoamin’nyfaritra
x manaoasafamonjenahainganarahamisyvoina
namarary
Tombotsoaazoavyamin’nyfanangananakaoperativa:
x fanangonananyvokatrasyfifehezananyvidiny
x fifehezanaireompanelanelanaarabarotra
x fitadiavanasyfahitanatsena
x fividiananaentana(akora,fitaovam
pamokarana)miarakakamoranymasonkareana
Tombotsoaazoavyamin’nytohadranosytambajotra:
ahafahana:
x manondrakalemakairay
x mitsinjaranyranohoan’nytanimbarytsirairay
x mahazoranomandavantaona
x mifehynyranoeoamin’nytanimbary
Tombotsoa azo avy amin’ny fampidirana rano fisotro
madio:
x fahasalamana
x tsymiasamafynyvehivavysynyankizy
x betsakanyfotoanaahazoanamamokatra
7
8
Circuitstouristiques
Guide
10
SARY24:Fampidiranaranomadio,Ankara
tra
SARY25:“Unitédecentralisationetdevente”
UCV(kaoperativa))
1.3. Findramambolasynyfanatanterahanatetikasa
Ireo zavatra fantarina alohan’ny findramambola any amin’ireo
mpamatsy vola madinika (OTIV, CECAM, TIAVO) ahazoana
Matetikanytetikasanomamatsyvola,fitaovana,
manatanterakatetikasairay:
fiofananaanyamboalohany.Nympamatsyvola
o Nyfepetrafidiranahompikambana
madinika(OTIV,CECAM,TIAVO)nomanohanany
fanitaranaizayasamandehatsara
o Nyzavatraataonatetikasaataohisamborambola
o Nyantoka
o Nyfepetrafamerenambolasynyzanabola
1.4. Ireomasontsivanafifidianananyfaritrasynympahazotombotsoamivantana
Atao lohalaharana amin’ny tetikasa ny faritra sy ireo olona azo lazaina fa tsymanana fahafahana mivelona na
mahantra: ny vehivavy izay atao ankilabao eo amin’ny fampandrosoana, ny ankizy izay iharan’ny vokatry ny
fahantranaaryireoolonamananafahasembanana,mpitondratenaarykamboty
1.5. Nyandraikitrynytetikasasynympahazotombotsoamivantana
o Ataomazavatsaranyandraikitrynytetikasasynympahazotombotsoamivantana(jereonytovana4).Ny
mpahazo tombotsoa no kendrena voalohany ho tompon’ny asa sy tompon’andraikitra eo amin’ny
fampandrosoanafanytetikasakosadiampanamoranyasaatao.
o Ahenamiandalanamandrapahatongaeoamin’nyfifarananynyandraikitrynytetikasa,indrindraeoamin’ny
fanampiana arabola, fitaovana, masomboly, zezika, fanafody mba ialàna amin’ny toetsaina zatra
miantehitra.
o Ampitomboina hatrany ny fandraisan’andraikitry ny mpahazo tombotsoa mba hampahaleotena azy ireo
amin’nylafinyrehetra(fitantanana,arabola,arapitaovana).
1.6. Nyandraikitrynympitondraisan’ambaratongasyireompiaramiombon’antokaeoantoerana
Manaofifanekenaeoamin’nyzavatrarehetraataoahazoanamanavakatsaranyandraikitrynytsirairay.Tsara
rahahitaaoamin’nyfifanekenanyanjaraasan’nyankolafytsirairayavymbahisian’nyfiarahamiasamatotra:
Ireompahazotombotsoa,nytetikasa,nympitondraeoantoerana
1.7. Nyfombafiasan’nytetikasa
Mifanakaikykokoanyandaninysynyankilanyrahamoninaenyanivon’nykaomininanyteknisiana,sadymahita
nyzavamisyarapotoana.
11
SARY26:Fanamboaranalakandrano,
Moramanga.
1.7.1. Teknikahoan’nyfiarahamonina9syfampandraisanaanjara10
Fombaentimanetsikasymampandrayanjaranympiaramonina
mbahizaranynytraikefany.Resenalahatraizyireofaazytokoany
asaataon’nytetikasa.
Ityteknikaitydiaazoampiasinaamin’nyfijerenaifotonynyolanamisy,ny
famolavolanatetikasa,nyfanantanterahana,fanjohina,fanaovana
tomban’ezakanytetikasafiarahamanadiotanàna,fiarahamanamboatra
lakandranohifehezananyranosyhampihenananyfahasimbanaateraky
nytondradrano,fiarahamanajarynylàlanaiombonana,fanatsaranany
sompitraiombonana,fampihenananyfihotsahan’nytany,fiaraha
manamboatrafotodrafitr’asahoamin’nyranofisotromadiosns…
1.7.2. Teknikasekolymaintsohoan’nytantsaha11
Enyantsahanotoerampianaranaarynytantsahampiofanaihany
no asaina mandinika sy mifanakalo hevitra ny amin’ny zavatra
hitany eo amin’ny tanimboliny, manomboka amin’ny fotoam
pamafazanakahatramin’nyfotoampiotazana.Milamivoryaraka
ny fotoana nifanarahana ka tsongaina ireo tantsaha manana
traikefahahamoranyfanapariahananyfahalalanyamin’nyhafa.
12
1.7.3. Teknikaaraparitra SARY27:Fivoriambemparitra
SARY28:Teknikasekolymaintso,Fi
kambananaMintsinjo
Avondrona ny hery velona rehetra miasa (orinasa, fikambanana,
biraoisankarazany,sekoly,fiangonanasynymarohafa..)eoamin’ny
faritra iray (fokotany, kominina...). Mahafaoka ny lafiny ara
ekonomika, politika, sosialy, koltoraly eo amin’ilay faritra ny
fiarahamiasa.
1.7.4. Tetikafampandraisanaanjaranylahysyvavy13
Matetipitranga ny fanaovana ankilabao ny vehivavy eo amin’ny
fiarahamonina misy azy. Fomba iray entimampandray anjara
miaraka ny lahy sy vavy eo amin’ny sehatry ny fampandrosoana ity
tetikaity.Miralentaizyireoanyanivon’nyfikambanan’nytantsaha
ka samy mandray anjara mavitrika amin’ny fitenenana sy ny asa
rehetra atao. Tsara raha misasaka ny isan’ny lahy sy vavy ao
anatin’ny fikambanan’ny tantsaha eo anivon’ny tetikasa iray. Misy
koanyfikambanambehivavy,indrindraeoamin’nysehatrynyasa
tananasynysehatrahafa.
1.8. Ireofombafanofananasyfampitànanyfahaizamanao
Misy karazany maro ny fomba entimanofana sy entimampita ny
fahaizamanao
9
Approchecommunautaire
Approcheparticipative
11
Approche«fieldschool»
12
Approcheterritoiriale
13
Approchegenre
10
12
SARY29:Fikambananampanao
asatanana
SARY30:Fiofananaolodehibe
araandragojia
1.8.1. Nyandragojia14
Ny andragojia dia fomba fampianarana olondehibe. Mitrandraka ny traikefa ananan’ny mpiofana ny
mpanofanaarymiankinaamin’nyzavatrailain’nympiofananylohahevitraianarana.Manampynympiofana
hamantatranyolanasyhitadynyvahaolananyandragojia.
1.8.2. Fitsidihanafifanakalozana15
Fifanakalozanatraikefasyfahaizamanaoeoamin’nysamytatsahaavyamin’nytoeranasamihafakaamin’ny
alalan’nyfitsidihananysahan’asavitanoiaingan’nyfifanakalozana.
1.8.3. Fiofananamihanaka16
Fanapariahana amin’ny manodidina ny fahalalana arateorika sy
pratikaizayazon’nytantsahavoaofana.
1.8.4. Programaalefaamin’nyonjampeo17
Fiofanana ho an’ny tantsaha, ampitaina amin’ny alalan’ny onjam
peo
1.8.5. Valafampisehoana18
Fanajariana tanimboly iray talaky maso, ho fitaratra na modely
alain’nymanodidinatahakaeoamin’nyteknikampambolenasy
ny karazamboly atao. Fomba iray koa ahitana mazava ny asa
ataon’ny tetikasa iray ny vala fampisehoana noho ireo mari
pamantarananasoratrahitamitsatokaeo.
1.8.6. Dialavitrasyfianarana19fitsidihanafanadihadiana
Nytetikasanomatetikamikarakaranyfandehanan’nytantsaha
anyamin’nyfaritrahafa,lavitrynymisyazy,mbahitsidihana
toerampambolena,fiompiana,fanaovanaasatanana,orinasa,
tsenabesns…hofakànalesonasyhampisokatranyfijeriny
amin’nytontolohafasymivelatrakokoa.
SARY31 :Valafampisehoana,fambolembary
SARY32:Fiaingan’nytantsahahanao
fitsidihanafanadihadiana
2. Nyfanamafisananyfahaizamanaosynyrindrandaminaeoanivon’nytantsaha
2.1. Nyfanamafisananyfahaizamanao
Tanterahanaamin’nyalalan’nyfanofananaarateorika,pratikasynyfanohananaazyireoamin’nyfizarànaakora
(masomboly, zezika....) na fitaovana (sarikilezy, larozoara...) ilainy amin’ny famokarana izany. Mahatonga ny
tantsahananympanaoasatànanahotongamatianinaamin’nyasaataonynyfanamafisananyfahaizamanao.
Mitakyrindrandaminamatypaikaizanymbahampahombyazy.
14
Andragogie
Visiteechange
16
Tached’huile
15
17
Radio
Parcellededémonstration
19
Voyaged’étude
18
13
SARY33:Fizaranafitaovana,sarikilezy,
fanondrahana,angadysns
SARY34:Fizaranaakora,rofia
SARY35:Fizaranazezikabiolojika
2.2. NyRindrandamina
Ajoro voalohany indrindra ny rindrandamina fa izany no miantoka ny
fahombiazanarehetra.
Ny tetikasa dia miasa mivantana amin’ny isambatan’olona, na
fikambanan’nytantsaha,nakaoperativa.
2.2.1. Nyolonatsirairay
Ahazoanavokatratsaranyfiasànaeoanivon’nyolonatsirairay(tantsaha
modely20synytantsahampitondra21arynytantsahampitarika22)ny
tetikasairaynohoizytompon’andraikitramivantanaeoamin’nyzavatra
rehetraataony.
2.2.2. Nyfikambanana
2.2.2.1.
SARY36:MauriceRAZAKAMANOTRONA
,Tantsahamodely
Famaritanaankapobeny
Fitambaran’olona vitsivitsy mitovy zo, miaro ny tombotsoa
iraisana ary mitovy tanjona kendrena. Kendrena ao anatin’ny
fikambanana ny hampivoatra ny faripiainan’ny mpikambana
tsirairay, ny hananana asa fampidirambola maharitra, ny
hahalasa ny mpikambana ho tompon’andraikitra ao anatin’ny
tetikasa.
Manamora ny fampitàna ny fiofanana sy mampihena ny
fotoanalanyarykoanyentimanananyfikambanana.
Antsitrapo no fidirana amin’ny fikambanana na kaoperativa
afatsynyamin’nyFikambanan’nyMpampiasaRano.
SARY37:Fikambanampanaoasatanana,
Afaka miaraka amin’izany fikambanana izany ny mpiray
tanàna, ka mivonona fa hiaraka hitady tombotsoa sy hiaraka
hamahaolanakamampitovytanjona.Mahombynyfiasan’nyfikambananarehefaafakamifanaratsaina
nytsirairayaoanatiny.
Ohatra:Mivondronanympiompyakohoaoantànanambahanamoranyfiofananasynyfanarahamaso
ataon’nytekinisianina.Tsymaintsymivondronanymampanaoasatananambahahazoanamamalyny
filan’nytsenalehibeanyampita.
Nyfananganananyfikambanana
2.2.2.2.
o
o
Mifamorysymifandinikaireorehetravononakamahafenoireofepetravoalazatetsyambony,
Fidianaireosolontenaavyamin’nytantsahaizayafakahifanakalohevitrasyhanomanany
vinavinampitsipikahitondrananyfikambanana,
20
Paysanmodele
Paysanpilote
22
Paysanleader
21
14
o
o
o
o
o
ManaoFivoriambempanangananakatsymaintsyhatrehin’nysolontenampanjakana,
Ankatoavinanyfitsipikarehetrahoan’nyfikambanana
Fidianaireotompon’andraikitrahitondranyfikambanana,
Ambaraampahibemasonyfijoroan’nyfikambanana,
Soniavinanyantontantaratasyrehetraataodikafito(07)avy,alefaamin’nyambaratongaisanisany.
2.2.2.3.
o
o
o
o
Nyfepetramampahombynyfikambanan’nytantsaha
Mitovytombotsoa23symitovyzo24arymirayhina25,mazavanynyfitantananaarabola,mipetraka
tsaranyfanarahamasoarymahaymisahananyandraikinyireotompon’andraikitravoafidy
hitantana.
Arahinaireolalàna(jereonytovana5)mifehynyfikambanana
Manaodrafitr’asamandritranytaona(jereonytovana6)syvinavinambola(jereonytovana7)
Tsararahaajoroarapanjakananyfikambananaaryakanatapakilamanamarikanyfijoroanyany
amin’nyfitondranamahefa,kaominina,distrika,faritany,mbaahafahanymangatakafiarahamiasa
amin’ireompirayombonantokarehetra(Fisamborambola,PSDR,Kaominina….).
2.2.3. Federasiona
Rafitra ajoro, vovonana itambaran’ny vondrompikambanana roa na maromaro mitovitovy tanjona sy
zavatraataoaoamin’nylafinyfampandrosoana,indrindraenyambanivohitra.
Atsangana ny federasiona mba hanamorana famoahana na fivarotana ny vokatra, fikojakojana lakandrano
lehibe tsy vitan’ny fikambanan’ny mpampiasa rano madinika. Moramora kokoa ny entana na fitaovam
pamokarana,rahafikambananamaromaromivondronanomiaramividy.
Tsaravidysyvoafehynyfivarotambokatrarahafikambananamaromaromivondronanomiaramivarotra,
morakokoanymitadylalambarotraaryafakamanondranaanyivelany.
Federasiona
Vondrom
pikambananaI
FKI
FKII
Vondrom
pikambananaII
FKIII
FKI
FKII
FKIII
Fk=Fikambanana
SARY38:Fivoaran’nyfikambanan’nyTantsahahofederasiona
2.2.4. Kaoperativa
2.2.4.1.
o
o
Famaritananyataohoe“Kaoperativa”
Orinasamahaleotenatsymiankinaamin’nyFanjakananykaoperativa.
Miaramitantananyrafitranympikambanarehetra.
23
Interêtcommun
Eligibilitédesdroits
25
bonnecooptation
24
15
o
o
o
o
o
Mandrotsabolamitovyhataorenivolahoenti
mamokatranympikambana.
Miaramizakanytombotsoanafatiantokaary
miaramiasahahatratrarananytanjonaizyireo.
Iofizarananyrotsabolamitovyhataorenivola
ionoiavahanyamin’nyorinasatsotra26..
Mitentinaroahetsyariary(200.000Ariary)fara
fakelinynyrenivola.
Olontsotrafeno16taona(rahanahazoalalana
avyamin’nyrayamandrenynampiantoka),na
mihoatranompikambana
Tanjon’nykaoperativa:
Hotongamatianina,
Fahazoan’nympikambanamampiasany
fanananasyfitaovan’nykaoperativa,
Fanatsarananyvokatrasynyfanomezana
fahafahamponympanjifa,
Fanatsarananyfaripiainanasyny
fombampiainan’nympikambana,
Fitadiavanasyfizarànatombombarotra
f
i
b
b l
i ’
2.3. NyFitarihana
Fahaizamitarikaireompanarakambahahazoanamanatratranytanjonasynyvinaiarahana.
(KouzesetPosner,2002.;Northouse,2004;Valenzuela,2007).
2.3.1. Toetratsarailain’nympitarika
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Maharitra
Manampitiavana
Manajaolona
Mahaymandanjalanja
Marimpotoana
Tompon’andraikitra
Matotra
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Mafanafo
Tsytiatena
Manolotena
Tsymorakivy
Mahitsysymarina
Ohatranamodely
Mpamindrafo
¾
Milaminasymirindra
Tsymitsahatramianatra
Tiafiraisankina
Mahaymamporisika
Sahymiatrikaolanan’inon’inona
vokany
Afakamiovaarakanyzavamisy
2.3.2. Inonaavynykarazanafombafitarihana
BEASA,
TSYMISY
FIFANDRAISANA
BEASASY
BEFIFANDRAISANA
FITARIHANA
JADONA
FITARIHANA
MIARAMIASA
AMPIASAINA
INDRAINDRAY
TSARA
AMPIASAINA
MANDRAKARIVA
ASA
FTARIHANA
SAMYMANAO
IZAYTIANY
TSYMISY
FIFANDRAISANA
TSYMISYASA
TSYMISYASA,
BEFIFANDRAISNA
FITARIHANA
TSYMIRAIKA
FIFANDRAISANA
SARY39:Ireofombafitarihana
26
SocietéAnonyme
16
2.3.3. Fitarihanasynyfitantanana
“Zavatra roa samy hafa nefa mifameno ny fitarihana sy fitantanana. Samy manana ny fiasany sy ny mahaizy azy
ireo.Tenailainambahahombiazanaizyroaireo”JohnKottor
Fampiharana ny Fitarihana sy Fitantanana
FITARIHANA
Mijery
Mifantoka
Manetsika
Aingampanahy
Manatsara
ny rivo
piasana
Manatsara
ny
fahafahana
miova
Manatsara
ny
asa
FITANTANANA
Manao drafitra
Mandamina
Manantanteraka
Manaramaso sy
manao tomban’ezaka
Manatsara
ny fomba
fitantanana
Manatsara
ny
vokatra
SARY40:Mitarikasymitantanambahahazoanavokatratsara
2.3.4. Nyfombafitarihanamahomby
Manao izay hanatanterahana ny
tanjon’nyEkipa
Mamaritratsaranytanjona
kendrena
Mamoronavinairaisana
Mandaminanyasasymampirindra
nyzavatrarehetraarymanao
drafitr’asa
Mitarikanyfombafandraisana
fanapahankevitramba
handraisan’nydaholobeanjara.
Mizaraandraikitra
Mahaymanofanasy
manatanteraka
Manaramasosymanao
tomban’ezaka
Miantoka ny tontolon’ny fikambanana sy ny
fifandraisanaeoamin’nympikambana
17
Mamporisikasymanohananyekipa
Mahazoantokatsaranyzavatraatao
Mahaymitondrafivoriana:tongaaloha,ary
manaoizayahavononamialohanyfitaovana
rehetrailaina.
Miantokanyfanananafombafijerymitovy,ny
firaisantsainan’nympikambana
Mahaymihainonyhafasymankasitrakaary
makalesonaamin’nyzavatraefavita
Mananamôralysymamahaolana
Mahafantatranytoejavatramiseho
Mijerynyfahafahampon’nytsirairayamin’ny
fotoanahisian’nyfahombiazana.
Mijerynyfototranahatonganyolanasyny
vahaolana
2.3.5. Nyekipanafikambananamandresy
Mampiasa ny
Talenta rehetra
Mifandray ampo
Mamorona
Mifampiankina
Mitovy Tanjona
EKIPA
M ANDRESY
Mizara
andraikitra
Mifandray tsara
Toetsain’ny
mpandresy
SARY41:Ekipanafikambananamandresy
o
o
o
o
2.3.6. Mitarikaekipahiatrikafanamby
Famoronanavinairaisanasyfamaritananyvokatraazorefesina.
Famantarananyzavamisyankehitrinysynyzavatraazoararaotinaaryireosakana.
Famaritananyfanamby,fijerenanypaik’adyarakanylaharampahamehanaarynyasaatao.
Fanatanterahananydrafitrasyfanarahamasoarynyfanaovanatomban’ezakanyasavita.
Manantsara ny
farimpiainan’ny
Mponina
IRAKA
Mitombo ny vokatra
Mitombo ny volamiditra
VINA
VOKATRAAZO
REFESINA
SAKANASYNY
FOTONY
Fambolembary saritaka
Tsy ampy ny fitaovam
pamokarana sy ny fahaizana
mitantana,
Mantany tany
Tsy manana fidirambola
Mitombo 50%ny vokabary mandritra ny
tetik’asa (telo taona)
Mitombo 50%ny vola miditra isatoka
tranon’ny mpahazo tombotsoa mivatana
mandritra ny telo taona
PAIK’ADY
Mampiasa tekinika manarampenitra
Mampiasa fitaovampamokar ana
Manatsara sy manamasaka ny tany
Ampitomboina ny asa atao
ZAVAMISY
ANKEHITRINY
Tsy ampy vary mandritra ny taona (
5volana maintso ahitra)
Kely ny vola miditra isatokatranao
FANAMBY:Mitombo ny vokatra sy ny volaisatokantrano nadia manta ny
tany sy tsy ampy ny asa
SARY42:ModelyFANAMBY
18
2.4. Fifandraisana
Fototrynyfilaminanasynyfampandrosoananyfifandraisana
2.4.1. Ireofototradimyiorenan’nyfifandraisana
IREO SINGA MAMORONA NY
SERASERA
Mpitondra hafatra
Any ianao
malala, any
lavitra any !!!!
Halàvana
taratasy izany
marina !!!
Hafatra
Valin-kafatra
FEED BACK
Mpandray hafatra
Mpandefa hafatra
SARY43:Ireofototradimyiorenan’nyfifandraisana
Ilaina amin’ny asampanentanana (fampitampahalalana) ny fifandraisana ka misy ireto zavatra dimy (05) ireto
ahatomombanaazy:
nympandefahafatra:nympanentana,
nympandrayhafatra:ireoolonaentaninanahofanina,
nyhafatra:izayvaovao,hevitranafahalalànatianaampitaina,
nympitondrahafatra:nyfeo,nysoratra,sary,hainoamanjery,
nyvalinkafatra:nyakon’nyfahazoan’nyolonaizaynampitainanyhafatra
2.4.2. Ireofanoitraamin’nyfifandraisana
Saikymisyfanoitraavokoaireofototraiorenan’nyfifandraisanaireo:
Ny hafatra
Mpandefa hafatra
x Fihetsika
x Fomba fiteny
x Toetra tsy mati
kenamaso
x Tsymaimaika
x Mahafehytsara
nyzavatraho
resahina
x Mazava
x Moraraisina
x Tsylavaloatra
x Tsy fohy loatra
x Mifanaraka
NyMpitondrahafatra
x Mifanaraka amin’ny
hafatra alefa
x Mifanaraka amin’ny
olona hiantefan’ny
hafatra
Mpandrayhafatra
x Tsymaimaika
x Vononahandray
hafatra
x Mananafoto
pisainana
mifanaraka
amin’ilayhafatra
x Fanajànany
olonairesahana
Nyvalinkafatra
x Fahalalànany
olonairesahana
x Misy valinkafatra
x Valinkafatra
ahitana
tombontsoa
SARY44:Ireofanoitrynyfifandraisana
19
Fombafanomezanavalinkafatra
o Fantarotsararahavononahandraynyvalinkafatrailayolona
o Azamitsara
o Ampiasaonytenyhoe:“IANAO”
o LazaoalohaireoFAHOMBIAZANA,izayvaoireoTSYMETYtokonyhareninaamin’nyfanomezanaohatrama
zava
o Ampioilayolonambahahitanynyvahaolana
o Manomevalinkafatraampahamatoranaaryvononkanampy
2.4.3. Fombafandraisanavalinkafatra
o Vononaaratsainasyarabatana
o Mihainoaampahalianana
o Azamiarotenanamamaly
o Azamanamarintena
o Ekeotahakanyfanomezananyvalinkafatra
o Misaoraankitsiponympanome
20
TOVANA
21
Tovana1:Nyolanametymitrangasynyararaotramisyaryireotorolàlana
Tabilao1:Olanametymitrangasynyararaotramisyarynytorolàlana
ZAVAMISY
OLANA
ZAVATRAAZO
ARARAOTRA
TOROLALANA
Toetr’andro:samy
mananany
toetr’andronyny
toeranatsirairay
(hafanana,rot
sak’orana,nytonon
taona)
Alavadimboly
manaokarazan’asamarohampitombonyfidirambola
Volenaalohanyvarysynyfambolenambatsyhifanandrify
amin’nyfotoanan’nyrivodozanyfijinjana
Ataomafynyfotodrafitr’asa(tranon’nybibyfiompy,làlana,
lakandrano)
Masombolymahatantyhaintany
Fitrandrahanaranoambanin’nytany
Fampiasanateknikamitsitsyrano
Volyrakotra
Rivodozasyny
Tondradrano
Haintany
Ranoambanin’nytany
Tsymahavokatra
nytany
Zavamaintsoazoam
piasaina
Bibyfiompy
Misolampybeny
tany
Zavamaintsoazoampia
saina
Harenavoajanahary
sykolitoraly
Tsymananatany
natsyampyny
tanyazovolena
Ala
Renirano,ranomasina
Akora
karazanjavamaniryna
bibytsymisyrahatsyeo
antoerana
Toeranamasina
Toeranamanantantara
Nyfirafitrynytanana27
Mponina
Tsymahaymano
ratra
Betsakanytanora
Tsena
Lavitranytsena
Tsymisyny
mpividy
Fotodrafitr’asa
Ratsy
Tsymisy
Nyvolananyhoenti
manana
Tsyampynatsy
misy
Fahaizamanaosy
fitarihana
Tsymisympita
rika
Tsymahaymi
tantana
Teknika
Tsymanara
penitra
Toetany
Tsymisy
Masombolysyny
akoraarynyfitaovana Lafo
Manaoteknikamarindrano
Mampiasafefyvelona
Manaolakandrano
Manaorakomainanarakobelona
Jerenatsaradaholonyharenavoajanaharyazotrandrahana:
mananganatoeranaekotorista,fiompianatrondro,tantely,
28
landy,fambolenalomotra Ataotsaratantanasymanarapenitraireoharenavoajanahary
toynyala,hazandranomasinanaranomamy,nyakoraazoanao
vanaasatànana,fanangananaVondron’olonaIfotony,fananga
nanatoeranavoaaroan’nyfiarahamonina29
Fampianaranamamakytenysymanoratranylehibesyfampi
dirananyankizyandakilasy
Fanofanananytanorahamokatra
Manaofanadihadiananytsena(eoantoeranasynyivelanyary
nyfanondranana)
Mifanarakaamin’nytsenamisynyfamokaranaatao
Hotely
Mpitsidika
Kaoperativamanan
gombokatrasymijery
tsena
Fanamboaranasyfitantanananyfotodrafitr’asaamin’nyfomba
maharitra
Manaofanadihadianalalinanytetikasaataoalohan’nyhin
dramambola
Tantaninatsararahamisymamatsyvola
Manofanampitarikamahay
Mianatramitantananyharenamisy
mpamatsyvolana
mpampindrambola
Mpanofana,
Tetikasa
Misympanofana,
Efamananafanandra
mana
Misymivarotra
Misymampianatrany
fampiasanaazy
27
paysage
algue
29
Aireprotégéecommunautaire
28
22
Fanamasahananytany:komposta,zezipahitra
Mitadysymianatraarymampihatranyteknikamanarapenitra
Tsararahanyefazavatrananananafanandramananohavao
zina
Ilainanymamokatramasombolymanarapenitraeoan
toerana
Miaramividy
Fiofanananyfampiasananyfitaovanasyfikojakojàna
Tovana2:Drafitry ny taratasy fangatahana famatsiam-bola
1. FAMARITANANYTETIKASA
1.1. Lohatenin’nytetikasa
1.2. Tanjon’nytetikasa
1.2.1.Tanjonaakapobeny
1.2.2.Tanjonamanokana
1.3. Toeranahiasan’nytetikasa
1.4. Asaataosyvokatramanokanaandrasana
1.5. Fanamarinananytetikasa
1.5.1.Fitombenan’nytanjonasynylaharapahamehan’nytetikasa
1.5.2.Famaritananyzavatrailainasynyolanamisyeoamin’nyfaritrahiasananytetikasa
arynyhavalin’nytetikasaamin’izany
1.5.3.Famaritanaireompahazotombotsoamivantanasyankolakasynymasontsivanahisa
fidiananaazyireo
1.5.4.Famalian’nytetikasanyzavatrailainasynyolanamisyeoamin’nympahazotombot
soa
1.5.5.Famaritanasynyatonynisafidianananyasaataosynyvokatramanokanaandrasana
1.5.6.Nyakon’nytetikasaamin’nytontoloiainana
2. FOMBASYPAIK’ADYHITONDRANASYHITANATANANANYTETIKASA
2.1. Fombahanatanterahananytetikasasyantonynisafidiananaazy
2.2. Paik’adyfanjohinasyfanarahamasoaryfanaovanatomban’ezakanytetikasa
2.3. Fitsinjarananyandraikitrynympandrayanjarasamihafa(nympahazotombotsoa,nyteti
kasa,nympitondraeoantoerana,…)synyantony
2.4. Rafipadaminananyekipaamin’nyfanatanterahananytetikasa
2.5. Zavatranafitaovanaentimanatanterakanytetikasa
3. NYFOTOANAHANATANTERAHANANYTETIKASASYNYFANDAHARAN’ASA
3.1. NyFotoana(firyvolananataona)
3.2. Nyfandaharan’asa(jereotovana5)
4. FAHARETAN’NYASA
Fepetraraisinasynypaik’adyapetrakamandritrasyaorian’nyfanatanterahananytetikasa
4.1. Lafinyarabola:nyfitohizan’nyloharanombolaahazoanamampiodinanyasa
4.2. Lafinyarapitantanana
4.3. Lafinyaratsosialysyarakolitoraly
5. Tetibola(jereotovana6)
23
Tovana3:Fanadihadihananytetikasavelontena
Tenailainamarinaveitytetikasaity?
Moavetsotra,azorefesina,mifanaraka,azotanterahinaaoanatin’nyfotoana
voafetraireofetratratrarina?
Moaveazotanterahanasymifanarakatsaraamin’nyzavamisyeoantoerana
nyteknikavaovaoampiasaina?
Ohatrinonanyvolahoentimananahanatanterahananyasa?
Ahazoanatombonyvenyfampiasanaioteknikaio?Ohatrinonanotombonysy
tombotsoametyhoazo?Ohatrinonanometyhofatiantoka?Afakamanohana
itytetikasaityvenympamatsyvolananympampindrambola?
Izaavynompandrayanjaramavitrikasympahazotombotsoa?
Inonaavyireometyhovokadratsinynatsaraeoamin’nytontoloiainana?
Moavemanimbanytontoloiainanailayteknikasytetikasaizayatao?Inona
avynofepetrailainahahazoanamisorokanyvokadratsiny?
Inonanohometyhovokanysyfiantraikanyeoamin’nyfiarahamonina?
Ataotsaranyfanombananasatrianympamatsyvolanaireompanohanadia
manadihadyireofanontanianaireoalohan’nyfankatoavananytetikasaho
vatsiana.
24
Tovana4:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasa
Fanamarihana:metynyiraynamaromaronaizyrehetraamin’ireolisitraireonoataon’nytetikasa
Tabilao2:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nyfambolena
Fandraisanaanjaran’nytetikasa
x
x
x
x
x
x
Fanofanana
Fanarahamasosyfanjohiana
Masombolysy/naentimamokatra
Fitaocvampamokarana
Fanomezanavola(tsyaverina)
Fampindrambola(averinarehefamiakabokatra)
Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoa
x
x
x
x
x
Manarakasymampihatranyfiofanana
Masombolysy/nanyentimamokatra30rehetra
Fitaovampamokarana.
Miantokanyfitantanananyvolasynyfitaovana
Miantokanyfitantananasyfamerenananyvola
Tabilao3:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nyFiompiana
Fandraisanaanjaran’nytetikasa
x
x
x
x
Fanofananasyfanarahamaso
Fanomezanafitaovanasybibyfiompy
Fanomezanavola(tsyaverina)
Fampindrambola(averinarehefamiakabokatra)
Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoa
x
x
x
x
Manarakasymampihatranyfiofanana
Miantokabibyfiompy,nyfanorenananyfonenanysynyenti
mamokatraarynyfitaovampamokarana
Miantokanyfitantanananyvolasynyfitaovana
Miantokanyfitantananasyfamerenananyvola
Tabilao4:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nysompitraiombonana
Fandraisanaanjaran’nytetikasa
x
Fanofanana,fandraisanaanjaraamin’nyfanorenana
tranofitehirizambokatra
Manampyeoamin’nyfifandraisanaamin’nympam
31
pindrambolamadinika Manampyamin’nyfitadiavanatsena
Fanomezanavolaamin’nyfividiananavokatrasy
lasàka
Fampindramambola
x
x
x
x
Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoa
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Manarakasymampihatranyfiofanana,
Asatanamaro,akoraeoantoerana
Mpikambanaamin’nympampindrambolamadinika
Mitadytsena
Fanorenananytranombokatra
Fitantanananytahirimbokatra
Miantokanyfamerenambola
Tabilao5:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaeoamin’nyasatànana
Fandraisanaanjaran’nytetikasa
x
x
x
x
x
Fanofananasyfanarahamaso
Manomeakorasyfitaovana
Manampyeoamin’nyfitadiavanatsena
Manampyeoamin’nyfambolenaakora
Fampindramambola
Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoa
x
x
x
x
x
Manarakasymampihatranyfiofanana
Mamokatraakorasynyfitaovanarehetrailaina
Mambolyakorasymitantananyfitaovana
Mitantananyvolasyfitaovana
Miantokanyfamerenambola
Tabilao6:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nyfotodrafitr’asa
Fandraisanaanjaran’nyTetikasa
x
x
Fiofanana
Akorafanorenanatsyhitaeoantoerana(akafona
vola)
Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoa
x
x
30
31
intrants
microfinance
25
Asatanamaro
Akoraeoantoeranaarykoafitantanananyasa
Tabilao7:Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaeoamin’nyEkotorisma32
Fandraisan’anjaran’nytetikasa
33
x
x
x
x
FanofanananyMpitarika Fanorenananytoerampitsidihana
Fanomezanazanakazo,masomboly
Mitantananyvidimpidirana
Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoa
x
x
Manarakasymampihatranyfiofanana
Miantokanyfandraisanaolonaarakanyzavatratakian’ny
mpanjifa
Fisian’nytoeranaazoampiasainasyfitantanana
x
Tabilao8:Fandraisan’anjaran’nympahazotombotsoasynytetikasaamin’nykaoperativa
Fandraisanaanjaran’nytetikasa
x
x
x
Fandraisanaanjaran’nympahazotombotsoa
x
x
x
x
Fanofanana
Manampyeoamin’nyfanomezanaakorafanorenana
Manampyamin’nyfitadiavanatsenaanatinysyive
lanyaryfanondranana
Manampyamin’nyfamoronanamari
34
pamantarana Manampyeoamin’nyfifandraisanaamin’nympam
pindrambolamadinika
x
x
32
Ecotourisme
Guide
Label
33
34
26
Manarakasymampihatranyfiofanana
Miantokanyfanorenanatranofitehirizana
Fitadiavanatsena
Miantokanyfamerenambola
Tovana5:Ireolalànamifehynyfikambanana
Misykarazanytelonylalànamifehynyfikambananaaryiraykosanykaoperativa:
o
Nydidyhitsivolana60.133tamin’ny03oktobra1960:izaymifehyny
fikambananatsotrarehetraizaymijoroetoMadagasikara.Manomefahafahana
hampijoroanafikambananairayizayafakamizakatenaarabola,ara
pitantananafakosatsymizaratombotsoaarabolanympikambanaaoaminy.
o
Nylalàna90016tamin’ny20jolay1990:izaymamaritranyataohoe:
“tambajotra”hoan’nyFikambananaMpampiasaRano.Mahakasikany
fitantanana,fikojakojanasyfiarovananytambajotraarynyfamindranany
fitantanananyfotodrafitrasan’nytambajotraiolalànaio.
o
Nylalàna200027tamin’nytaona2000hoan’nyVondron’OlonaIfotony(VOI)
misahananyfitantanananyala.
o
Nylalàna99004tamin’ny21aprily1999:izaymamaritranyfampijoroanany
KaoperativaetoMadagasikara.Mitondrapetrabolafandraisan’anjarany
mpikambanatsirairayaoanatyKaoperativa.Tsyvoafetranyisan’nypetrabola
synympikambana.Arakarakanypetrabolafandraisanaanjaranentin’ny
tsirairaysynyasanataonynohizarananytamberimbidy.
27
Tovana6:Programan’asaisantaona(PAIT)
Ohatra1
Taona……………………
Tetikasa:………………….
ASA
ATAO
Lah.
FOTOANA HANAOVANA AZY
FANAMARIHANA
J
F
M A M J
J
A S
O N
D
Tompon’andraikitra
Fitaovana ilaina
sy ny isany
Ohatra2
Asa atao
Fitaovana / akora
ilaina
28
Tombam-bidiny
(Ariary)
Fotoana
Tompon’andraikitra
Tovana7:Vinavinambola
Tetibidiny
(Ariary)
Nymetyhofandanianahatao
Fividiananafitaovana
Fividiananakojakojambirao
Tambin’asanasarakatsaha
Nyvolaantenainahoazo
Latsakemboka
Volamiditraamin’nyasafamokarana
Fanampianasyfamatsiana(vita
fifanarahanaaradalàna)
Tetibidiny(Ariary)
Fandanianaamin’nyasafamokarana
Tahiry
Asafanatsaranasyfanitarana
…
…
Fitambarany
Fitambarany
Drafitr’asaisantaonasynyVinavinambola
Inonaavynometyholoharanombolan’nyfikambanana?(Sarampirotsahanaho
mpikambana,latsakemboka;fanomezanaavyamin’nyKaominina,nytetikasasyny
malalatànanarehetra,fanaovanafetyisankarazanynazavatratsyvoararan’nylalàna
toynyvarotrafampirantiana,fampisehoanasamihafa,tsenabe,volyiombonana……….).
Ahoananoataohahafantarananyvolailain’nyfikambananaaoanatin’nytaona?
¾ Tsymaintsyataoalohan’nyfaran’nytaonanyPrograman’AsaIsanTaona
manaraka.
¾ Arafitranyvinavinambolametyholany,
¾ Jerenasyalaminasyfampidirambola.
¾ Ataomiarakaamin’nyvinavinambolailainahiasan’nyfikambananaaoanatin’ny
taonairay.
Nyrafitrampanatanterakanomamolavolaizany.Nyrafitrampanapakevitrakosano
manomenyfankatoavanambahahafahanamampihatraizany.
Inonaavynometyampiasan’nyfikambanananyvola?(fitaovana,kojakojambirao,
sarampivezivezena,fandoavanatambin’asa,..)
29
Bokynanovozankevitra
AndréL.(2000)."PSYCHOLOGIESOCIALE,TEXTESFONDAMENTAUXANGLAISETAMERICAINS",Editions
DUNOD,UniversitéPARISNord,VILLETANEUSE.
BerthineR.(2009).EvaluationqualitativedelasécuritéalimentaireàMadagascar.
FoodandAgricultureOrganization.(2001).ProjectCycleManagement/TechnicalGuide.Socioecono,ic
andGenderAnalysisProgramme.
INSTAT,USAID,EHP/ECHO,FoundationSummit,FoundationTanyMeva(2001).Enquêtesanté,popula
tionetEnvironnementMADAGASCAR
JeanC.S.(2008)."LESGRANDSAUTEURSENORGANISATION",EDITIONSDUNOD,CollectionEconomie
Module,UniversitédeLIMOGE.
JeanM.,(2008)."LADYNAMIQUEDESGROUPES",PUF,Quesaisje?,UniversitédePARISX,NANTERRE.
JoanB.,SylviaV.andAlisonE.(2005).ManagementSciencesforHealth.ManagersWhoLead:AHand
bookforImprovingHealthServices.
Kurt L.(1992). LA DYNAMIQUE DES GROUPES", "SCIENCES HUMAINES" n°14, février 1992 pages 10 et
11.ArticledeMichelLOBROT,professeuràl'universitédePARISVIII.
MarkG.(2003).WhatisLeadership?
ProgrammedesNationsUniespourleDéveloppement.(2008).L'indicededéveloppementhumain.
TadashiS.(2006).AssessingtheaccesstoforestresourcesforimprovinglivelihoodsinWestandCentral
Asiacountries.
Warren M. R. (2011). EVALUATION DES PROJETS «sustainable livelihoods activities». Conservation
International.
30