La Physique au Canada

Transcription

Vol. 52, No. 1
J a n u a r y / F e b r u a r y 1996
janvier/février 1996
FEATURING:
Thirty Years of Cosmic Ray
Intensity (Neutron Monitor)
Research (1965-1995)
by D.
Venkatesan
Science Policy Update /
Mise à jour sur la politique
scientifique
by P.S.
Vincett
Call for Nominations - 1996
CAP/CRM Prize in Theoretical
and Mathematical Physics
1996 Art of Physics Competition
Launched; Entry Forms in PiC
CALL FOR ABSTRACTS for
1996 CAP Congress at University
of Ottawa, June 16-19
t~
and. in the PHYSICS AND
EDUCATION SECTION:
Race to the Stratosphere
by D.R. Hudak, R.P. Synergy,
M.A. Baksh, and A. McCoubrey
PhD Degrees in Physics
Awarded
at Canadian
Universities in 1995
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Vol. 52, No. 1
Physics in Canada
January/February 19%
INDEX
Pages 2-3
Editorial - Thoughts on Infrastructure
Calendar / Calendrier
Pages 5-10
Pages 11-12
Thirty Years of Cosmic Ray Intensity
(Neutron Monitor) Research (1965-1995)
FEATURE ARTICLES:
by D. Venkatesan
Science Policy Update / Mise à jour sur la politique
scientifique
Pages 33-39
Race to the Stratosphere
Page 13
CAP Office I Bureau de l'ACP
by D.R. Hudak, R.P. Synergy, M . A . Baksh,
and A . McCoubrey
Pages 13-18
CAP/CRM Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Theoretical
and Mathematical Physics
Page 14
Pages 27-28
Canadian Univ. Physics Depts I
Dépts de physique dans les
universités
canadiennes
Canadian College Physics Depts I
Dépts de physique dans les
cegeps/collèges
canadiens
News I Nouvelles
Pages 19-26
1996 Art of Physicists Competition/Exhibition
Centre (pull out)
1996 CAP Congress:
Program Outline / Programme des sessions
List of Invited Speakers / Conférenciers invités
Call for Abstracts / Appel de résumés
Information / Information
Industry Tour Program / Programme des visites industrielles
Advanced Registration Form I Formulaire de pré-inscription
Accommodation Form I Formulaire d'hébergement
1996 CAP Newport Award / 1996 Bourse ACP Newport
1996 Lumonics Award / Prix Lumonics 1996
Pages 40-43
PhD Degrees in Physics in 1995 I
Doctorats décernés en physique,
1995
Pages 44-46
Books Received I Livres reçus
Book Reviews / Revues des livres
Pages 27-28
Canadian Physicists / Physiciens canadiens
University News / Échos des universités
Pages 30-31
Institutional Members I Membres
institutionels
1996 Sustaining Members I Membres de soutien
Printing:
Pages 47-48
ADS
Inside Back Cover
1995
Corporate
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1996
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Figure
1 from
"Race to the Stratosphere"
D . R . H u d a k e t al ( p a g e
A d r a w i n g of t h e c o m p l e t e d kite flying
(drawn to scale), prepared by M a r k
Cambridge
Ontario.
by
33).
«yetem
Groshens,
EDITORIAL
The Bulletin of the Canadian
Association of Physicists
Bulletin de l'Association canadienne
des physiciens et physiciennes
EDITORIAL BOARD I
COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION
Editor I Rédacteur en ch«f
Jasper S. McKee
Accelerator Centra
Physics Department
University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2
(204) 474-9874; Fax: (204) 269-8489
e-mail: mckee@phv»c».umanitobe.ca
Associete Editor / Rédactrice associée
Franane M. Ford
Managing / Administration
Book Review Editor /
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Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
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Mm Jobs
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2
- Thoughts on Infrastructure
The best person to decide what research shall be done is the one who is
doing the research.
The next best is the head of the department.
After
that you leave the field of best persons and meet increasingly
worse
groups.
The first of these is the research director, who is probably
wrong
more than half the time. Then comes a committee which is wrong most of
the time. Finally there is a committee of company vice-presidents,
which is
wrong all the time.
- Charles Edward Kenneth Neee, 1 9 3 5 ,
while Research Director of Kodak Ltd.
Let me begin this editorial by wishing all our readers a fruitful and fulfilling year in
the advancement of scientific knowledge.
These are difficult times for all of us. On the one hand, the w o r k of the practising
scientist has never seemed to be of less value to society than at the present time.
On the other, there has never been a greater need for new discovery and innovation
as society strives for economic g r o w t h and financial stability. The situation
described so vividly in the above quotation from Charles Mees, while as relevant
today as it w a s 6 0 years ago w h e n the observation w a s made, addresses only a
small part of the problem. The decision as to w h o decides w h a t research shall be
done is only important if both the funds and the political will exist for research to
proceed at all. In times of fiscal restraint and diminishing budgets, fundamental
basic and applied research seem to be a low funding priority for both federal and
provincial governments alike.
Of course, federal government agencies NSERC and MRC continue to allocate funds
f r o m their limited budgets as fairly and adequately as they may. Thete is, however,
a growing perception that the infrastructure necessary to take acvantage of federal
grants is no longer available at universities in the less prosperous provinces. The
absence of such local support means that federal funds may not generate the
appropriate return in the sense of new knowledge that w o u l d normally be expected
from the investment. There are, therefore, those w h o believe strongly that the only
w a y to maximize the effect of research funds is to either a w a r d them to one of a
small number of universities where infrastructure is still at a high level, or to further
develop a Centres of Excellence program such that fundamental research in an
important area of study may proceed effectively.
The difficulties w i t h both of these alternatives are severe. Firstly, if the number of
universities actively participating in research in physics is limited, then the whole
academic structure within Canada is changed and a two-tiered educational system
of first and second class universities must f o l l o w . The bright n e w faculty member
w h o arrives at a second class university and wishes to develop a promising new
field of physics, say for example, semiconductor polymer physics, will have neither
the encouragement nor the financial assets required for the program. Centres of
excellence also, while of value, have to be clearly understood and defined. Wails
themselves do not a centre of excellence make. It is the ability of the scientists
involved that will determine the world class competitiveness of the collaboration.
Having said that, there is a growing case for very expensive facilities and
equipment to be located in one particular location, a location to w h i c h practising
physicists from all parts of the country may go to carry out their experimental
programs or collaborative projects. The advantage of centres of this kind is that
there is more likely to be continual operation of the laboratory, elficient use of the
facilities, and guaranteed accessibility at such times as the researcher requires it.
As physicists throughout this country wrestle w i t h the problems encountered in
their attempts to advance knowledge, it is important to examine alternatives to
normal w a y s of operating. I know of a university possessing seven or eight
electron microscopes of one kind or another that has on occasion no single
operating unit. One will be being upgraded, one will be in pieces, several will have
lost their technical operator, others the graduate student w h o foi the past number
of years has been instrumental in its maintenance and programming. This is the
case of a significant capital investment being totally unprotected and facilities semipermanently unavailable for scientific use. This situation should not and must not
occur. Individual departments, faculties and schools are so monolithic in most
universities that the sharing of facilities is, if not unheard of, at best f r o w n e d upon.
This is not true in parts of Europe where, for example, analysis facilities such as xray fluorescence, proton-induced x-ray emission techniques, Rutherford backscattering facilities. Auger systems, and electron microscopes are all located w i t h i n
the same area of the university, continually maintained, always operational, and
available to local industries at such times as the local grantee doiss not require them
for his or her immediate use.
Physics in Canada January/February 1 9 9 6
J
L
When you add such currently popular
instruments
as
scanning
tunnelling
microscopes and atomic force microscopes
to the list, you can see that a central
facility in a small university might still
contain a substantial armoury of research
tools.
The fact of availability to both
grantee and the public can generate funds
for continual upgrading and technical
maintenance that clearly are not otherwise
available.
As w e consider infrastructure as the key to
a vibrant and active research program, w e
must look w i t h concern and perhaps alarm
at the unclear future of the TASCC
laboratory at AECL (Chalk River) w h i c h is
not only an internationally competitive
facility but a major training ground for
young scientists f r o m all parts of Canada.
Funding of excellent projects using TASCC
has been available through NSERC and up
to this time infrastructure support has been
available as a grace and favour activity of
AECL. If that infrastructure is removed,
then the impact on nuclear physics
research in Canada will be dramatic and
one of the f e w strong areas for training
skilled scientists will disappear overnight.
While it is by no means clear where
external support for this laboratory might
materialize, enabling its diverse and
important programs to continue, it should
be more simple to protect excellence that
already exists than to start from scratch
and build such infrastructure elsewhere in
the future.
It is hoped that enough
creativity,
imagination,
and
financial
support will become available to ensure
that this highly competitive area of
human endeavour does not fade into
oblivion. TASCC is an area of excellence
and can become a national laboratory of
considerable
benefit to science
and
technology in Canada in the future.
In summary, it is essential as we enter this
new year that all of us play a part not only
in generating new and creative w a y s of
becoming viable and productive in our
research but also in protecting those areas
of excellence that exist.
These have
already done much for the reputation of
Canadian science at home and abroad.
J.S.C. McKee
Editor, Physics in Canada
CALENDAR / CALENDRIER
CNA/CNS Office, Toronto Ontario. Tel:
(416) 977-6152; Fax: (416)979-8356.
1996 FEBRUARY
18-24
Lake Louise Winter Institute. Pertlcle
Physics at the Frontier, Lake Louise,
Alberta, Canada.
For
further
information,
please
contact
F.C. Khanna, Physics Dept., University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G
2J1, E-mail: [email protected] or
[email protected]. Tel: (403)
492-1052, Fax: (403) 492-3408.
7 th
Global
Warming
International
Conference (GW7), Vienna, Austria.
Deadline of call for papers is
November 17, 1995.
For more
information, please contact: Global
Warming International Center, P.O. Box
Physics
27-3
2 2 n d Annual General Meeting of the
Canadian Geophysical Union, B a f f ,
Alberta. For more information please
contact: Department of Geomatics
Engineering, University of Calgary. Tel:
(403) 220-5028; Fax: (403) 284-0074;
e-mail: [email protected].
13-14
1996 JUNE
9-12
Third International Workshop on Laser
Beam end Optics Characterization / 3 '
Atelier International sur la caractérisatk>n des faisceaux et de l'optique laser,
(ZICAP), Van der Waals-Zeeman
Laboratory, University of Amsterdam,
Valckenierstraat
65, 1018 XE
Amsterdam, The Netherlands. For more
information,
please
contact:
A. Dônszelmann at Tel: + 3 1 (20) 525
6334, Fax: + 3 1 (20) 525 5102,
17-24 8th International Organization of
Science and Technology Education
(IOSTE)
Symposium,
Edmonton,
Alberta. For more information, please
contact:
Continuing
Professional
Education: Faculty of
Education,
University of Alberta, 4-116 Education
North, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G5,
Tel: (403) 492-0394, Fax: (403) 4920390.
CNA/CNS
Annual
Conference,
New
Brunswick.
For more information,
please contact: Ms. Tatiana Wigley,
19-23
17th
General
Congress
of
the
International Commission for Optics,
Taejon, Korea. Theme: "Optics for
Science and New Technology". For
more information, please contact: ICO17C96) Secretariat, Prof. B.Y. Kim,
Department of Physics,
KAIST,
373-1 Kusong-dong,Yusong-gu,Taejon
305-701, Korea. Tel: +82-42-8692527; Fax: +82-42-869-5527.
Physics
end
Industry
(PHYSIN-96),
Nyzhny Novgorod (Russia). For more
information please contact: Euro-Asian
Physical Society, 17, Kursovoj bystr.,
Moscow, 119034, Russia. Tel: (095)
943-7677; Fax: (095) 943-7686,
24-26
BEM 1 8 1 8 t h International Conference
on Boundary Element Methods, Braga,
Portugal.
Abstract
deadline
December 18, 1995. Final paper due
April 29, 1995. Sponsors: international
Society for Boundary Elements, for
more information contact Liz Kerr,
Wessex
Institute of
Technology,
Ashurst Lodge, Ashurst, Southampton
S040 7AA,
UK. Tel:
(441(1703)
293223, Fax: (44H1703) 292853,
E-mail: [email protected].
Zeemen-Effect Centenary/ International
Conference on Atomic Physics X V
1 st International Symposium on Plasma
Process-Induced Damage, Santa Clara,
California. For more information, please
contact: NCCAVS Business Office,
(408) 737-0767; Fax: (408) 737-2403.
22-26
1996 AUGUST
5-9
York, New York USA.
For more
information, please contact: Society of
Magnetic Resonance, 2118 Milva
Street, Suite 201, Berkeley, California
94704 USA. Tel: (510) 841-1899;
Fax: (510) 841-2340.
5-9
International
Québec, QC. Pour plus d'information,
veuillez contacter Michel Morin, Institut
national d'optique, 369, rue Franquet,
Sainte-Foy, QC, Canada, G1P4N8, Tel:
(418) 657-7006, Fax: (418) 657-7009;
cour.élec: [email protected].
Society of Magnetic Resonance, Fourth
Scientific Meeting and Exhibition, New
1996 MAY
Industry
Deep Geologic Disposol of Radioactive
Waste, Winnipeg, Manitoba. For more
information,
please
contact:
Mr. C. Vandergraaf, AECL Research WL, Pinawa, Manitoba, ROE 1L0. Tel:
(204) 753-2311 ext 2592.
1996 JULY
8-10
International
Conference
on
Environmental
Pollution,
Budapest,
Hungary. For more information, please
contact:
Professor B. Nath, ICEP
Conference Office, 253 Kilburn Lane,
London W10 4BQ, UK. Tel: + 4 4 81
960 6823; Fax: + 4 4 81 960 1597.
in
Conference, Nyzhny Novgorod, Russia.
For more information, please contact:
Professor S.P. Kapitza,
Euro-Asian
Physical
Society
President,
17
Kursovoy, Moscow 119034, Russia.
Fax:
(095)
943-76-77;
E-mail:
[email protected].
5 2 7 5 , W o o d r i d g e IL 6 0 5 1 7 . Tel: ( 7 0 8 )
9 1 0 - 1 5 5 1 ; Fax: ( 7 0 8 ) 9 1 0 - 1 5 6 1 .
15-19
16-19
1996 SUMMER
1996 APRIL
1-3
1996 SEPTEMBER
1997 JULY
1-7
Joint
Scientific
Assemblies:
International
Association
of
Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences
/ International Association for the
Physical Sciences of the Oceans,
Melbourne, Australia.
For more
information,
please
contact:
IAMAS/IAPSO Secretariat, Convention
Network, 224 Rouse Street, Port
Melbourne Victoria 3207 Australia. Tel:
+ 61 3 9646 4122; Fax: + 6 1 3 9646
7737; e-mail: [email protected].
25th
International
Cosmic
Ray
Conference, Durban, South Africa. For
more information contact: National
Organizing Committee 25th ICRC,
Space Research Unit, Department of
Physics, Potchefstroom University for
Che, Potchefstroom 2520, South
Africa.
Tel: + 2 7 - 1 4 8 - 2 9 9 2 4 2 3 ,
Fax: + 2 7 - 1 4 8 - 2 9 9 2 4 2 1 ,
E-mail:
[email protected]
La Physique au Canada janvier à février 1 9 9 6
3
MARK YOUR CALENDARS
- FUTURE CAP CONFERENCES --
CAP 1096 Annual Congress. 1996 June 16-19. University of Ottawa.
CAP 1997 Annual Congress. 1997 June 8-11. University of Calgary.
CAP 1998 Annual Congress, ^998 June 9-12 (tentative). University of Waterloo.
Any universities interested in hosting a CAP Annual Congress can send a letter of interest to the
CAP Office, Suite 903, 151 Slater Street, Ottawa, ON, KIP 5H3. The letter should include an
indication of what year you are interested in, keeping in mind that the Congress travels CentralEast-Central-West
Royal Bank Award 1996
Nominations arc sought for the 1996 Royal Bank Award which honours a Canadian citizen or a person domiciled in
Canada who has made an important contribution to human welfare and the common good. In addition to the $125,000
and the Gold Medal awarded to the recipient, a companion grant o f $125,000 w i l l be donated to a charitable
organization o f his or her choice.
To be considered for the Award, candidates must be proposed and recommended to the Royal Bank Award Selection
Committee. Candidates may not nominate themselves. Only Canadian citizens or persons domiciled in Canada, or
teams o f such individuals are eligible.
Candidates for the Award may be active in any o f a wide range o f endeavours, for instance:
• the natural and social sciences;
• the arts and humanities; and
• business and industry.
The A w a r d may be granted jointly to two or more deserving candidates who have shared in an achievement T o
nominate a candidate, at least two co-nominators must submit the following items by M a r c h 15, 1996 to the Secretary
o f the Royal Bank Award Selection Committee at 1 Place V i l l e Marie, 4th Floor, South Wing, Montreal QC, H5C 5A9
(Fax: 514-874-5890):
4
•
A joint principal letter o f recommendation signed by co-nominators, or separate letters.
•
A clear statement about the nominee's achievements and why he or she is being recommended, along 'vith lull
supporting evidence o f the candidate's accomplishments, such as other letters, curriculum vitae, signed statements,
published materials, etc.
•
The nominee's full name, date o f birth, citizenship, address and telephone number (residence and business).
•
Information on the nominee's occupation.
•
A brief biography o f the nominee.
THIRTY YEARS OF COSMIC RAY INTENSITY (NEUTRON MONITOR) RESEARCH ( 1 9 6 5 - 1 9 9 5 )
by
D. Venkatesan
Institute for Space Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 1N4
INTRODUCTION
The cosmic ray discovery ~ n i n e decades
ago, opened up a w i n d o w of new
dimensions to our study of space. This
started an inexpensive astrophysical tool to
probe the interplanetary medium.
The
subject
was
initiated
by
the
late
S c o t t E. Forbush
(of
the
Carnegie
Institution/Department
of
Terrestrial
Magnetism, Washington D.C.), w i t h three
important discoveries of the time variation
of primary cosmic radiation; 1) the solar
flare increase, 2) the Forbush decrease and
3) the ~ 11 year variation of cosmic ray
intensity.
Figure 1 s h o w s a picture of
S c o t t
E.
F o r b u s h
w i t h
Professor J . A . Van Allen.
Fig. 1
Picture of the late Scott E. Forbush, a
pioneer In cosmic ray variations, and
J ernes A . Van AMen who has
contributed to my Intense Interest In
cosmic rays. (appMted In tha Auguat Imm
of Iowa Magazlna)
Forbush had set up four
ionization
chambers at Huancayo, Peru; Christchurch,
New Zealand; Godhavn, Greenland and at
Cheltenham, USA, initiating a very valuable
time-series of cosmic ray intensity. Other
milestones are the IGY-type neutron
monitors and high counting rate superneutron monitors, developed by J . A .
Simpson, USA and H. Carmichael, Canada
respectively. The world-wide network of
cosmic
ray
stations
has played
a
significant role in the study of the
interplanetary medium.
Inter teller w i n d
Supersonic solar wind
Turbulent wind
Heliopeute
Fig. 2
Conceptual
heHosphere.
overview
of
the
W i t h the advent of the space age, in 1957,
the study of the time variations of cosmic
ray intensity, by ground-based detectors
had transformed into an investigation of
time and spatial variations of cosmic ray
intensity. The result is, that w e n o w have
an effective access to in-situ observations
in the dynamic and complex region of the
interplanetary medium, n o w k n o w n as the
heliosphere (see Figure 2). The probing of
three-dimensional space began at this time.
The late D.C. Rose, National Research
Council of Canada, O t t a w a and a then
young Brian Wilson set up super-neutron
monitor stations at Sulphur Mountain and
Calgary in 1964. Earlier there existed at
Sulphur Mountain station an ordinary
neutron monitor ( 1 9 5 7 - 6 4 ) . Brian Wilson
w a s a physicist from the Institute for
Advanced Studies in Dublin, Ireland, and is
currently Vice-Chancellor at the University
of Queensland, Australia. Other stations
came into being at Alert, Inuvik and Deep
River. The Sulphur Mountain and Deep
River Stations closed in 1977 and 1995
respectively, due to
lack of funding.
Spacecraft
Pioneer
11
(1973)
and
Voyagers
1 and 2 (1975-76)
were
launched thereafter, in the direction of the
solar apex, while Pioneer 10 (1972)
headed in the "heliotail" direction. Note
that the furthest exploration in radial
distance has been by Pioneer 10 and
farthest heliolatitude has been explored by
Voyager 1 and thereafter by Voyager 2.
THE HELIOSPHERE
Our Sun influences and shapes the region
of the interplanetary medium (heliosphere,
Figure 2); the physical conditions w i t h i n
this space are established, modified and
governed by it. The heliosphere dimension
has n o w expanded to about 1 0 0 - 1 2 0
astronomical units (AU). We are interested
in the morphology of the heliosphere and
its evolution in space and time.
plasma f l o w is radial outside the shock
front. The magnetic fields are disordered
and the plasma f l o w is visualized as
turbulent.
Outside the heliopause, one
expects the f l o w of stellar w i n d .
The
distance of the heliopause is an important
quest as pointed out earlier.
Galactic
cosmic
rays
are considered
to be
isotropically incident on the heliopause.
Our sun influences and shapes the region
of the interplanetary medium. What is the
morphology of the heliosphere? H o w does
it evolve as a function of space and time?
H o w far into the interstellar medium does
its influence
extend (where is the
heliospheric boundary)? These are some of
the important questions being addressed at
present. The answer to the last question
is rather important since it provides an
overview of all that happens w i t h i n this
region.
Our Sun, like all other stars is a dynamic
body constantly undergoing changes, the
manifestations of w h i c h can be referred to
as solar activity, w h i c h is a consequence
of the interplay of three factors, the
magnetic field, the internal convection of
heat and differential rotation.
This
continuously
changing
solar
activity
provides the input to the heliosphere and
thereby modifies and controls it.
Solar gravity is insufficient to retain all of
the Sun's matter. Consequently, the hot
solar corona (upper most solar layers)
expands continuously. This is the "solar
w i n d " . The physics of the expansion, is
understood by comparison w i t h
the
expansion of a gas in a "de-Laval nozzle" 2 .
Gravity is the equivalent to the constriction
in the tube. W i t h appropriate dimensions,
the output can become a supersonic f l o w
of gas. The solar w i n d constantly f l o w s
o u t w a r d from the Sun at supersonic
speeds
(averaging
—350-450
km/s).
Sweeping through the heliosphere, it
comes in contact w i t h everything in its
path; a consequence is the formation of a
variety of planetary magnetospheres.
The name and some gross aspects of the
heliosphere have naturally originated from
our earlier concept of the terrestrial
magnetosphere, w h i c h w a s the forerunner.
Our concept of the heliosphere is a region
( w i t h a sparse distribution of gas and solid
particles) w h i c h is dominated by solar
activity.
The control and influence on
diverse solar phenomena is recognized.
The earlier
assumption
of
spherical
s y m m e t r y of this region is n o w recognized
as invalid.
It is well k n o w n that cosmic rays
continuously bombard our Earth.
The
primary rays interact w i t h our atmosphere
and produce secondary rays.
They
produce 1 0 - 2 0 secondary rays, w h i c h
strike each of us every second.
The motion of the solar system in the
interstellar medium is believed to generate
a bow shock. A region between this b o w
shock and the heliopause (the boundary of
the heliosphere) contains the interstellar
magnetic field, and is anticipated to be
—10 ' ° Tesla 13 . The continuous o u t f l o w of
solar w i n d , at supersonic speeds, is
expected to become subsonic outside the
heliopause. Within the region of the shock
front, the magnetic field is along the socalled Archimedean spiral, while the
The discovery of cosmic rays and the
development of the discipline provides a
fascinating story. It w a s observed that a
residual ionization persists even w h e n
radiation detectors (like the familiar goldleaf electroscope) have been well insulated
and surrounded by thick shielding. Soon,
it became clear that an u n k n o w n radiation
w a s penetrating the shielded chamber and
ionizing
the
air
surrounding
the
electroscope.
After Becquerel's discovery
of natural radioactivity, at the turn of the
THE BEGINNINGS
PHYSICS
OF
COSMIC
RAY
5
century, it w a s logical to attribute the
residual leakage of the electroscope to the
presence of radioactive contamination of
the air and surroundings.
However,
pioneering observations, f r o m balloonborne
detectors
higher
up
in
the
atmosphere, eventually demonstrated a
pronounced increase in intensity of the
penetrating radiation, w i t h an increase in
altitude. Victor F. Hess in 1 9 1 2 , ascended
to an altitude of 1 7 , 5 0 0 feet in a balloonborne gondola w i t h measuring instruments.
He proved the extra-terrestrial nature of
the u n k n o w n radiation originating from the
cosmos, leading to the adoption of the
name "cosmic rays".
Meteorites give evidence that the intensity
of cosmic rays has been fairly constant
over a cosmological period of time. This
evidence is left behind, by cosmic rays that
have bombarded the meteorites before
these rock and metal fragments plunged
into our atmosphere. The well preserved
nuclear effects produced by cosmic rays
enable us to study the age of the
meteorites.
Cosmic rays have been identified as
electrically charged particles and not
electromagnetic radiation, as w a s originally
assumed. The primary rays impinging on
the top of the atmosphere are atomic
nuclei of elements. Protons (or hydrogen
nuclei) are the most abundant followed by
alpha particles (or helium nuclei) in the
approximate ratio 10:1. This is the same
as the relative abundances observed
throughout the universe.
On the other
hand, heavier nuclei, although relatively
scarce ( ~ 1 %), are more plentiful in cosmic
rays than elsewhere.
However, nuclei
heavier than those of iron are exceedingly
rare in cosmic rays. There are also some
electrons, but only a f e w . Note, that the
primary rays interact w i t h the atmospheric
constituents and hence do not penetrate
very deeply. They transfer their energy to
the secondary rays w h i c h are eventually
observed at ground level.
Primary
cosmic ray
partiel*
Figure 3 shows the well k n o w n classical
diagram of the principle modes by w h i c h
the energy of a primary cosmic ray particle
incident on the top of the atmosphere is
propagated.
The galactic cosmic rays extend in energy
from 10° electronvolts to an upper limit of
at least 1 X 10™ electronvolts. Whereas,
one particle of 1 X 10° electronvolts
passes through an area of one square
centimetre per second of the top of the
atmosphere, only one particle of 1 X 10 20
electronvolts strikes an area of hundred
square kilometres in one year.
In the
interplanetary medium, approximately four
cosmic ray particles per second pass
through an area of one square centimetre.
There, the cosmic ray energy density is
about 1 X 1 0 - " Joules/m 3 and thus is
comparable to the energy arriving at the
Earth in the form of starlight.
Cosmic rays are isotropic; that is, they
arrive at the Earth in essentially equal
amounts from all directions (except for
some cosmic rays of solar origin). The
consensus of cosmic-ray physicists is that
most cosmic rays are of galactic origin;
hence they are called galactic cosmic rays
as distinguished from those of solar origin,
k n o w n as solar cosmic rays. A certain
heliospheric contribution of some cosmic
rays up to 10° electronvolts cannot be
excluded. But the late Professor Hannes
A l f v è n w a s the only astrophysicist w h o
claimed that cosmic rays (except those of
extremely high energies) are all of solar
and heliospheric origin. Hence the question
of acceleration processes w i t h i n the
heliosphere becomes rather important from
this point of view as well.
A number of different particle-acceleration
processes are envisaged in the heliosphere.
Some have been observed, while the
existence of others has been only
postulated.
Some
kind
of
shock
acceleration is anticipated as most likely to
account for the observations.
Shocks
related to each region of acceleration are
b o w shocks associated w i t h planetary
magnetospheres, solar-flare
associated
shocks (which travel o u t w a r d in the
heliosphere), coronal shock, forwardreverse shocks in corotating interaction
regions and the solar w i n d termination
shock.
The duration of the intensity
increase (observed at 1 AU) depends on
the interplanetary propagation processes
and the magnetic field configuration
between the point of observation and the
acceleration region.
When the heliospheric boundary is reached
by a spacecraft and one can obtain a
cosmic ray spectrum outside the boundary,
it will perhaps be possible to settle
definitively the controversy of the origin of
cosmic rays. We will show how the study
of cosmic rays became a unique tool for
investigating the heliosphere.
N,P nji
•
Fig. 3
6
(galactic cosmic rays). In fact, it is a
dynamic region, modulating and modifying
the t w o components w i t h its space and
time dependent structures, and creating
new energetic
particles out of the
supersonic solar w i n d (it planetary bow
shocks, travelling shocks,
interaction
regions between slow and fast solar
streams, and at the solar w i n d termination
shock.
Heliospheric shock waves are
transient and manifestations of solar flares.
The global solar magnetic field is a factor
in the organization cf the heliosphere. The
solar magnetic field is drawn out by the
material f l o w .
When conductivity is
infinite, there can not be any relative
motion between the t w o ; this is w h a t
Alfvèn
initially
called
the
frozen-in
magnetic field.
Changes in the Sun's
magnetic field w i t h the solar cycle have
been studied, and the concept of a warped
heliospheric current sheeit' 2 organizing the
interplanetary field has emerged.
Great changes occur in the structure of the
Sun's magnetic field during the sunspot
cycle.
Near the sunspot maxima, the
current sheet (the boundary between the
magnetic field t o w a r d and a w a y from the
Sun) is nearly equiitorial w i t h four small
excursions a w a y from the solar equatorial
plane in each rotation. Since the ecliptic
plane is tilted only 7° to the solar equator
10° to 15° excursions are large enough to
affect the Earth and produce the foursector structure commonly observed in the
interplanetary
magnetic field.
Near
sunspot maxima, the structure becomes
complex.
The
structure
simplifies
s o m e w h a t further w i t h a decrease in
activity to a situation indicating t w o
sectors in the interplanetary magnetic field.
Later, four sectors again emerge.
One can visualize :he current sheet, the
evolution of w h i c h w i t h increasing distance
from the Sun is no': presently understood
very well. In essence, the current sheet
organizes the heliosphere magnetic field
and, thus, cosmic rays. A comparative
study of diverse observations over a long
period of time, over great distances, and
on
a vast
range
of
scales
has
demonstrated that the heliosphere is a
complex
but
highly
organized
and
integrated system.
VARIATIONS OF COSMIC RAY INTENSITY
Let us n o w turn to cosmic rays and their
role in the heliosphore. Since cosmic rays
traverse the helio&phere, their intensity
variation truly reflects its state further.
Changes w i t h i n it, rsspond to various solar
phenomena, all of w h i c h contribute to the
evolving heliosphero. The solar inputs also
leave their imprint en cosmic rays. Thus a
systematic study of cosmic ray intensity
variations in space and time enables us to
monitor the heliosphere, in all its vastness
and complexity. W e shall now deal w i t h
some of these situations.
High-energy nucléons
- Secondary, tertiary, etc. disintegration products
(nucléons)
- Atomic nuclei of terrestrial atmosphere
Propagation of the energy of a
primary cosmic ray charged particle
through the atmoephere.
MORE ABOUT THE HELIOSPHERE
The heliosphere is not v i e w e d as passive,
w i t h energetic particles injected at its
center (solar cosmic rays) or particles
seeping in across its outer boundary
Solar
modulations
(modifications)
of
cosmic ray intensity are currently in a state
of flux, as a consequence of the
recognition of the three dimensional nature
of the heliosphere 1 '. Note that problems
associated w i t h the study of galactic
cosmic ray modulation are inverse to those
in the investigation of solar particle
propagation.
In one case, w e have
particles streaming from the heliospheric
boundary on w h i c h the galactic cosmic
rays are assumed to be incident, uniformly
and isotropically (the same from all
directions). The propagation conditions at
the boundary and in the outer heliosphere
are however matters of speculation. In the
other case, w e have particles streaming
o u t w a r d from the Sun.
Again, the
propagation conditions in the outer solar
corona are not clear.
The question is:
"What is the mechanism of modulation?"
The various factors involved are inward
diffusion, o u t w a r d convection by the solar
w i n d , and other physical processes such as
adiabatic deceleration of higher energy
particles, particle shifts produced by the
intensity gradient and curvature of the
interplanetary magnetic field, and the role
of solar produced interplanetary shocks.
Whether the heliosphere is spherically
symmetric is also a relevant question.
SOLAR WIND SPEED AND LONG-TERM
COSMIC RAY INTENSITY VARIATION
0
Fig. 6
25
50
75
Sunspot number
100
from the Sun, w i t h speeds in line w i t h the
solar w i n d and of radial shocks in the
heliosphere. There is a general consensus
among cosmic ray physicists that the
radius of the modulation region extends to
100-150 AU.
It is possible that this
boundary undergoes some sort of change
with
overall
solar
activity
in
the
heliocentric distance of this boundary. The
recovery from Forbush decrease seems to
take a m u c h longer time as the spacecraft
are situated progressively farther out in the
heliosphere.
125
Cross plot of cosmic ray Intensity
versus soler wind speed.
Observations during the period 1 9 8 1 - 8 4
are very instructive. Some features have
already been pointed out, including the
second minimum in cosmic ray intensity
consequent to the large Forbush decrease
in m i d - 1 9 8 2 . The differences in recovery
periods for detectors situated at various
distances in the heliosphere seem to
indicate that the level of modulation is
determined to a large extent by the nearby
characteristics
of
the
interplanetary
medium w i t h i n a f e w AU of the location of
the spacecraft. Thus, there seems to be
some question about the role of the overall
global structure and topology of
the heliosphere.
THE 11-YEAR COSMIC RAY INTENSITY
VARIATION: HELIOSPHERIC BOUNDARY
A n inverse correlation between cosmic ray
intensity and solar activity
(sunspot
number)
w a s first
pointed
out
by
Scott E. Forbush 4 , using data from his four
widely separated ionization chambers. The
~ 11-year modulation by solar activity is
s h o w n in Figure 6, w h i c h again provides
the Sulphur Mountain neutron monitor
data. Inset is the data of Forbush for an
earlier sunspot cycle from Huancayo.
The solar w i n d persistence versus time
andspace is k n o w n .
The correlation
between solar w i n d speed and £ K p (an
index of geomagnetic activity) over the
short interval of five solar rotations
emerged from Mariner 2 data' 3 (Figure 4).
(K p ranges on a scale of 0 to 9 in steps of
three, from quiet to disturbed; it is a
planetary
index
derived
from
the
geomagnetic variations measured at a
number of select stations. Eight 3-hourly
values are available per day; the daily sum
is denoted £ K P . )
Forbush decreases in cosmic
ray intensity are one of the
impressive short-term changes,
an example of w h i c h is s h o w n
in Figure 7. The onset of the
decrease is quite sudden, and
the minimum is reached within
a f e w hours. But the recovery
back to the original intensity
level (or new level) usually
takes several days. We have
already pointed out that the
recovery of Forbush decreases
as observed by detectors on
board distant spacecraft takes
a m u c h longer time. We have
also d r a w n attention to the
series of Forbush decreases in
m i d - 1 9 8 2 that resulted in a
second cosmic ray minimum.
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
1954
1957
11960
960
1963
1966
1966
1969
1972
1975
1978
Year
Fig. 6
0
Fig. 4
10
20
30
40
50
Solar wind speed versus the Index of
geomagnetic activity
(Mariner
2
observations).
It is true that there is some scatter in the
data; however, the general trend is clear.
It w a s natural f r o m the then-prevailing
ideas of cosmic ray modulation to look for
a direct relationship between solar w i n d
speed and cosmic ray intensity. Figure 5,
is a cross plot of the same cosmic ray
intensity versus solar w i n d speed. It is
clear from the figures above, that there is
no good overall correlation between the
t w o on a long-term basis. In retrospect,
the lack of a simplistic, good correlation is
not surprising. This will be discussed later,
as will the role of high speed streams.
Monthly mean of cosmic ray intensity
Intensity as measu
measured
by the Sulphur Mountain detector (mid 1 9 6 7 - 7 8 ) .
Corresponding velues of sunspot numbers plotted
In Increasing inverse direction.
Also, sunspot
numbers and cosmic ray Intensity measursd at
Huancayo, from the pioneering studies of
Scott E. Forbush.
It is appropriate here to discuss the ~ 11year cycle of solar modulation and Forbush
decreases.
In short, the Sun emits
magnetized clouds w i t h scattering centers
of chaotic magnetic fields. A t first, there
are no cosmic rays within them; they enter
(or rather, diffuse) into the plasma clouds.
The centers of scattering that are
convected outwards from the Sun tend to
carry the cosmic ray population w i t h them.
A t last a quasi-steady state of o u t w a r d
convective flux equalling the net inward
diffusive flux of cosmic rays is attained.
The extent of the region of solar
modulation of cosmic rays (or alternately,
the boundary of the heliosphere) is a
quantity that cosmic ray physicists have
been trying to determine.
The early
conjecture of 5 AU has proved to be a
gross underestimate.
The question of whether (a) Forbush
decreases are additionally superposed on
the long-term ~ 11-year variation or (b)
whether the long-term variation is the net
result of a series of Forbush decreases, has
been discussed for a long time. There is
an apparent relationship between the
magnitude and frequency of Forbush
decreases and the ~ 11-year variation.
|
|
Ï
105
n
1
V N A ^ ^ V
95-
TO
ÇJ
I
/
^
J
Deep River
neutron m o n i t o r
~
>
1
°
1
\
^
j
^
85 75 U
/ V V
vr
1
J
jl*
10
1
20
31
J u l y 1982
DYNAMICS
MODULATION
OF
COSMIC
RAY
Fig. 7
We note that the large scale cosmic ray
modulation effects propagate
outward
Example of a Forbush decrease, one
of the tronsient chenges in the
intensity of cosmic rays that Is
impressive.
7
Figure
9
gives
such
an
example11;
the
Sulphur
Mountain
neutron
monitor
registers a larger increase of
cosmic ray intensity since it
detects
particles
that
are
subsequently absorbed in the
additional atmosphere between
Sulphur Mountain and Calgary.
Otherwise, the outputs of the
t w o detectors are identical.
The intensity profiles of flare
increases provide information
about the heliosphere.
Figure 8 s h o w s the significant result that
the cosmic ray intensity registered by a
neutron monitor can be simulated by the
cumulative effects of Forbush decreases 9 .
The result thus emerges that the - 1 1 -year
variation can be simulated
by the
cumulative effects of the observed Forbush
decreases.
Let us n o w consider another input into the
heliosphere,
the
solar
flare.
The
phenomenon of a solar flare is a dramatic
and complex one in nature. The sudden
release of a large amount of energy from
the solar atmosphere in the form of
photons, plasma, hard X rays, bursts of
microwave radiation and energetic particles
(solar cosmic rays) traverse to the Earth
and beyond in the heliosphere. Flares also
generate shock w a v e s and geomagnetic
storms. It is generally agreed that prior to
a flare onset, the energy stored in a
current-carrying magnetic field is in a
metastable
state
and
the
sudden
reconnection of this field releases its free
energy, w h i c h accounts for all subsequent
phenomena.
RELEASE OF ENERGETIC PARTICLES
The solar particles
are
accelerated,
released and propagated through the
heliosphere.
Satellite-borne
detectors
observe a large number of low energy solar
cosmic rays. Occasionally, w h e n particles
have energy > 1 X 1 0 ' electronvolts, they
are detected by ground-based detectors.
1
1
1
r-
Novemtoer 22. 1977
0900
8
1000
1100
1200 1300
U n i v e r u l time
1400
1500
1600
Solar flare increaee of cosmic ray
intensity registered at the Calgary and
Sulphur Mountain etatlone.
6.75 astronomical units
.. A
' »
'
' Voyager 2
I
.
•A
j
' .
•'
_.. •
"s,
I
7.0
?
• ..
•*"**
7.76
1
0.48
SOLAR FLARE
Fig. 9
It is relevant to note that a
realistic
picture
of
the
interplanetary magnetic field
w a s inferred from studies of
solar flare increases observed
on the ground long before manmade satellites were launched,
and that provides
another
0.44 • > v
example of the vital role played
0.40
by ground-based detectors in
our
understanding
of
the
0.36
"I
I
heliosphere.
The - 1 1 year variation of cosmic ray Intensity
and Forbush decreaaes.
Fig. 8
Pioneer 10. Forbush decreases associated
w i t h the passage of flare-associated
shocks are well k n o w n . The cosmic rays
in the path of high spaed solar streams are
s w e p t out by particle drifts: in the magnetic
field gradients or by reflection of the
energetic particles by the compressed
magnetic fields at arid behind the shock.
It is appropriate t o point out that a
quantitative
shock-dependent
three
dimensional model of Forbush decreases
needs to be developed that is uniformly
applicable to any part of the heliosphere.
The inputs needed are multiple spacecraft
observations of shocks and cosmic: rays,
providing the characteristics of the shock,
the upstream plasma, and field and relative
position of the observation w i t h respect to
the flare site.
*
,
i i i i i i i i
8.0
1
--8
. '(
r
1
8.25
1
nucl
"'' c > 75 M e V
electronvolts per
nucléon
y
_
s
r - Y - T ' i V_i
8.5
1
W e have come a long w a y from
0.44 ground-based
observation.
Voyager 1
D
Simultaneous observations from
.»
0.40 _
nuclei, E > 75 MeV
.--••si *
nuoleon
.
electronvolts
per
spacecraft distributed in solar
1
1 1
I
1
I
i
036
1 1
i T•YTlongitude and radial distance
12 18 24 30 6 12 18 24 30
6 12 18 I'4 30 6 12 18 24 30
April
May
June
July
from the Sun can be used to
1980
separate
solar
and
22 astronomical units
22.5
T
A
I'ioneer 10
—
interplanetary
propagation
protons, E > 200 MeV
6
processes. Measurements w i t h
«ilectronvolts per lucleon
FW
I, / ( •
deep space probes (such as the
V
Pioneers and Voyagers) are
important because they permit
us to derive the
average
propagation characteristics of
l
I
I
l
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
l__l
I
L
the heliosphere. Individual solar
B 12 18 24 30
6 12 18
i 12 18 24 30 6 12 18 24 30
particle
events
differ
August
September
June
July
considerably w i t h respect to
19P1
their
magnitude,
duration,
Fig. 10
A series of Forbueh decreases. This figure shows
structure,
chemical
four Forbush decreaees associated with the
composition, etc.
Some are
passing of flare-associated Interplanetary shocks
as recorded by Voyagers 1 and 2 and Pioneer 1 0 .
certainly
related
to
the
when they were located at 8 , 7 , and 2 2 A U ,
observers location vis-a-vis the
respectively.
solar flare, but others are
dependent on the solar conditions nearby.
CORONAL HOLES AND HIGH-SPEED
The injection of energetic particles from
STREAMS
the Sun into the heliosphere is a function
of acceleration, storage, propagation and
The three dimensional nature of the
release; the differing variability in these
heliosphere has also been put into proper
factors accounts for the wide differences
perspective f r o m yet another set of studies
from one event to another. Furthermore,
originating f r o m the Skylab observations of
there are changes in the state of the
coronal holes and recognition of the
heliosphere, e.g., its scattering efficiency
associated high speed streams 6 , 1 7 , 1 8 . Using
varies w i t h its position in space and w i t h
the Skylab measurements of the areas of
time, for particles of different species and
the solar polar coronal holes it s h o w n that
energy. Hence, for a given solar injection
during nondisturbed periods, the northprofile, qualitatively different propagation
south gradient of galactic cosmic rays as
models may have to be considered. They
measured at 1 A U by the north-and southcould range from the so-called ordinary
looking neutron monitors at Thule and
diffusion
to
almost
scatter-free
McMurdo (the North and South polar
propagation. In summary, the information
stations respectively) depends on the
on
solar
acceleration
and
coronal
difference in the areas of the solar polar
propagation has to be derived from
coronal holes. Higher cosmic ray fluxes
observations of the energy of solar
are observed from the polar direction into
the smaller coronal hole area. The study
particles because these contain the effects
w a s motivated by the idea that possible
of propagation in the dynamic heliosphere.
north-south asymmetries of cosmic ray
intensity at the Earth cam arise from the
Figure 10 illustrates a series of four
asymmetric equatorial extension of the
Forbush decreases 3 1 0 associated w i t h the
ecliptic plane of the magnetic fields from
passage of four interplanetary shocks, as
the solar polar coronal holes". A coronal
observed
on Voyager 1 and 2
and
hole, as pointed out earlier, consists of a
region of open magnetic field lines from
w h i c h plasma can apparently easily expand
and contribute significantly to the high
speed solar wind 6 .
not as clearly seen at Voyager 1, especially
during 1994. Most impressive is the oneto-one correlation w i t h the recurrent solar
w i n d stream s h o w n in panel e (Figure 12).
UPDATE
w M i î I WNVWXIVJ.
This is a continuation of earlier reports
updating the survey of data presented by
the spacecraft Voyagers 1 and 2. We also
display data f r o m the CPME instrument 8 on
the Earth-orbiting IMP-8 satellite and the
Calgary neutron monitor.
OVERVIEW:
VOYAGER
THROUGH TO EARLY 1 9 9 5
proton» 3 4-176 MeV
LAUNCH
Figure 11 s h o w s data from late 1977 to
the present, from both Voyagers and the
Earth-based monitors, w i t h the radial
distances and heliolatitudes for each. The
recovery from solar minimum activity at
low energies during
1987
(reported
previously) propagated o u t w a r d from the
Earth (IMP-8) to the Voyagers, reaching
maximum intensities during 1991 that had
not been seen since 1 9 8 3 (Voyager 1) and
1 9 8 4 (Voyager 2). Peak intensities at 1
AU were similar to those reached in the
previous
solar
cycle.
Cosmic
ray
intensities (bottom panel) continued to
recover after the 1991 Forbush decrease
and appeared to be near peak values by
the end of 1994. Corotating interaction
regions (CIR's) continued to decrease
through
the
latest
period
shown,
s o m e w h a t reminiscent of the decline
observed
during
the
previous
solar
minimum in 1 9 8 6 to 1987.
Voyager
LECP
:
\
Voyager 2 LECP
^sApioions 3 0-17 3 MsV
. (».!».
*f&i
Fig. 1 2
V
•v
v
, / v
Energetic particle intensities from
IMP-8, Voyager 1 and 2 , with cosmic
ray Intensity at Voyager 1 and 3 end
plasma speed at Voyeger 2 for 1 9 9 1 9 6 (from Krlmigis et al., 1 9 9 6 )
The relative absence of CIRs at Voyager 1
is undoubtedly due to the fact that the
heiiolatitude is approximately 32°, while
Voyager 2 at approximately - 1 1 ° is still
relatively close to the ecliptic plane and
reflects the CIR activity observed by IMP-8
in the inner solar system.
It is important to note,
3i7
324 32s
that
the
approximate
-10 9
3 MeV
channel
at
54.5
Voyager 1 and Voyager 2
(panel b and d) is an
prolons
excellent indicator of flare
10 day aves.
associated increases that
are not connected to
CIRs.
The recovery in cosmic
rays (panel c), following
\ 1 j u W W
the Forbush decrease in
September
1991,
continued through 199496 w i t h Voyager 2 below
the Voyager 1 intensities.
Most significantly,
the
comparison of panels b,c,
and d shows the interplay
of local versus global
processes.
Low energy
ions
are
accelerated
Fig. 11
locally due to interactions
Overview of data at Voyager 1 and 2 (top) and at 1 A U
(lower t w o panels) from 1 9 7 7 - 9 6 (from Krlmigis et al
with
propagating
2 4 t h International Cosmic Rey Conference, Rome,
interplanetary structures,
August/September 1 9 9 6 ) .
while
cosmic
rays
respond principally to transient events of a
COMPARISON OF SOLAR WIND, LOW
global nature that are determined by largeENERGIES AND COSMIC RAYS
scale diffusion, convection, guiding center
A more detailed plot of the Voyager and
drifts and adiabatic deceleration.
IMP-8 data (baseline for the 1 9 9 1 - 1 9 9 5
period) is s h o w n in Figure 12.
ANTICIPATING THE OUTER BOUNDARIES
T w o important features are seen (a) large
shock associated increases in 1991, and
(b) the recurrent
events after
the
September 1991 shock. The latter are
most evident at 1 A U and at Voyager 2, but
As evident from Figure 12, the outer
heliosphere is a dynamic environment for
low energy ions. The obvious question is
the degree to w h i c h a particular increase
can be easily interpreted as the crossing of
the termination
shock. Using LECP data
s h o w n in Figure 12, w e have propagated
the intensities o u t w a r d and assumed a
sinusoidally-varying ( w i t h solar cycle)
termination
shock
centered
at
approximately 8 0 A U . The result is s h o w n
in Figure 13.
The top panel displays
theprojected heliocentric radial distance for
each Voyager
and the
hypothetical
crossing of the termination shock at 2 0 0 2
and
2005
by
Voyager
1 and
2
respectively. The bottom panel shows the
propagated data from each spacecraft,
together w i t h 1st order anisotropy vectors
from Voyager 1, at the top. It is clear
that, aside from the big intensity onset at
the termination shock, there should be a
drastic decrease in the anisotropy vector
reflecting a change in plasma velocity from
supersonic to subsonic.
The lack of a
commensurate increase at Voyager 2 for at
least
three
years
is
an
additional
diagnostic, suggesting that the increase at
Voyager
1 w a s not a propagating
interplanetary shock but rather a crossing
of a significant boundary.
We note that small-scale (solar rotation)
variations in the solar w i n d dynamic
pressure, such as in corotating interaction
regions and occasional transient structures,
such as merged interaction regions, will
produce relatively rapid variations in the
termination shock's radius. In this case,
the slow-moving (few A U per year)
Voyager spacecraft will likely cross and recross the termination shock several times.
We anticipate that the corresponding
signatures in the LECP data w o u l d be large
llustratrve case I or <r
= 80 AU,
11-year sinusoidal variation
V1 1 s l -order anisotropy
I'M
Mb
i i p u u l ^
1994
Fig. 1 3
1998
2002
2006
2010
Hypothetical profile of LECP data
(bottom panel) propagated forward
through a putative terminetlon shock
et - 8 0 A U (from Krlmigis et al.,
1996)
alternating flux increases and decreases
and associated changes in the first-order
anisotropy.
CONCLUSION
It is obvious that whether the high speed
streams come from solar active regions or
coronal holes, their interaction w i t h slower
streams, the corotating interaction regions,
the possible interaction among shocks, and
9
t h e understanding of c o m p l e x large-scale
f l o w s f r o m t h e Sun, need t o be dealt w i t h 1 .
A synthesis of t h e interplanetary magnetic
field data a n d plasma observations is vital,
and m o d u l a t i o n of c o s m i c rays in the
heliosphere needs t o be addressed.
W e have c o m e a long w a y since the
International Geophysical Year, up t o
w h i c h t i m e t h e probing of t h e heliosphere
w a s carried out only by ground-based
equipment. W e still have a long w a y t o go
before
our
understanding
of
the
heliosphere b e c o m e s nearly c o m p l e t e . W e
s t a r t e d this article w i t h a c o n c e p t u a l v i e w
of t h e heliosphere as w e currently visualize
it (Figure 2). Only t h e f u t u r e c a n tell h o w
this picture w i l l change.
4.
Forbush, S.E., W o r l d Wide Cosmic
Ray Variations, 1 9 3 7 - 1 9 5 2 . J o u r n .
Geophys. Res., 5 9 , 5 2 5 , 1 9 5 4 .
5.
Hundhausen, A . J . , A n
V i e w of Coronal Holes.
Coronal
Holes
and
Streams, J . B . Zirker
A s s o c i a t e d University
p. 2 2 4 , 1 9 7 7 .
6.
7.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I w i s h t o t h a n k M r . Hugo G r a u m a n n for
carefully looking after the n e u t r o n monitor
at Calgary during t h e years 1 9 8 1 - 9 5 and
processing t h e data. I w o u l d also like t o
t h a n k Marianne S u m m e r s for preparing the
diagrams a n d t h e m a n u s c r i p t .
8.
REFERENCES
1.
Burlaga, L.F., M H D Processes in t h e
outer Heliosphere.
N A S A Technical
Memorandum 86137, 1994
2.
Dessler,
A.J.,
Solar
Interplanetary M a g n e t i c
G e o p h y s . , 5 , 1. 1 9 6 7 .
3.
Wind
Field.
and
Rev.
Fisk,
L.A.,
R.L.
Arnoldy,
L.J.
Lanzerotti, R. Lin, E, Oran, J . B .
Reagan, M . Schultz and B. Tsurutani.
I m p a c t of Flares o n t h e Terrestrial
Environment.
Chapter 9 in Solar
Terrestrial
Physics:
Present
and
Future,
D.M.
Butler
and
K.
Papadopoulos, eds, N A S A Reference
Publication 1 1 2 0 , 1 9 8 4 .
9.
Interplanetary
Chapter VII, in
High
Speed
ed., Colorado
Press, Boulder
Krieger, A . S . , A . F . T i m o t h y and E.C.
Roelof, A Coronal Hole and its
Identification as t h e Source of The
High Velocity Solar W i n d Stream.
Solar Physics, 2 9 , 5 0 5 , 1 9 7 3 .
Krimigis,
S.M.,
R.B.
Decker,
R . M c N u t t , D. V e n k a t e s a n , D. Hamilton
and M . Collier, Energetic Particle
A c t i v i t y in the Heliosphere, 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 5 . Published in Proceedings of t h e
24th
International
Cosmic
Ray
Conference, Rome, A u g u s t 2 8 September 8, 1 9 9 5 .
Krimigis, S . M . , T.P. A r m s t r o n g , W . I .
A x f o r d , C.O. Bostrom, C.Y. Fan, G.
Gloeckler and L.J. Lanzerotti, The L o w
Energy
Charged
Particle
(LECP)
Experiment
on
the
Voyager
Spacecraft. Space Sci Rev., 2 1 , 3 2 8 ,
1977.
L o c k w o o d , J . A . and W . R . W e b b e r ,
Observations of the D y n a m i c s of the
Cosmic Ray Modulation.
Journ.
Geophys. Res., 8 9 , 17, 1 9 8 4 .
10. M c D o n a l d , F.B., J . B . Trainor, J . D .
Mihalov,
J.H.
Wolfe
and
W.R.
W e b b e r , Radially Propagating Shock
W a v e s in t h e Outer Heliosphere: The
Evidence f r o m Pioneer 1 0 Energetic
Particle and Plasma Observations.
Astrophys. Journ., 246, L165, 1981.
11. M a t h e w s , T . , S.P. A g r a w a i and D.
V e n k a t e s a n , A Comparison of Ground
Level Cosmic Ray Enhancements of
November 2 2 , 1 9 7 7 and February 2 5 ,
1 9 6 9 . Geophys. Res. Lett., 5, 1 0 6 3 ,
1978.
12. Rosenberg R.L. a n d C.R. W i n g e , The
Latitude Dependencies of the Solar
W i n d . Solar W i n d s , C.T. Russell ed.,
3, 300, 1974
13. Snyder, C . W . , M . Neugebauer and
U.R. Rao, T h e Solar W i n d V e l o c i t y and
its Correlation w i t h Cosmic Ray
Variations
and
with
Solar
and
Geomagnetic A c t i v i t y . J o u r . Geophys.
Res., 68, 6 3 6 1 , 1 9 6 3
14. V e n k a t e s a n , D . , Cosmic Ray Intensity
Variations
in
the
3-Dimensional
Heliopshere. Physica Scripts, V o l T 1 8 ,
39-44, 1987.
15. V e n k a t e s a n , D . , Cosmic Ray Picture
of t h e Heliosphere. J o h n s Hopkins
Technical Digest, V o l u m e 6, No. 1, p.
4-19, 1985.
16. V e n k a t e s a n , D . , S.P. A g r a w a i a n d L . J .
Lanzerotti, O n t h e three Dimensional
Nature of t h e m o d u l a t i o n of Galactic
Cosmic Rays. J o u r n Geophys. Res.,
85, 6893, 1980.
17. Zirker, J . B . , Coronal Holes - A n
o v e r v i e w . Chapter 1 in Coronal Holes
a n d High Speed Streams, J B. Zirker
ed., Colorado A s s o c i a t e d University
Press, Boulder, 1 9 7 7 .
18. Zirker, J . B . , Coronal Holes and High
Speed S t r e a m s . Rev. Geophys. Space
Phys. 15, 2 5 7 , 1 9 7 7 .
..enei\<k
rfyular pbfiîcrt acttvfy,
a wM^dtfferwcù'
The movement for active, healthy living
10
SCIENCE POLICY UPDATE /
MISE À JOUR SUR LA POLITIQUE SCIENTIFIQUE
Meeting with Preston Manning
by P.S. Vincett, CAP President
On December 5, 1 9 9 5 , I was part of a
5 person group of scientific representatives
which met with Preston Manning, at his
invitation, to discuss what could be done to
raise the profile of science in Parliament and
government.
Also present were Werner
Schmidt, the Reform industry, science and
technology critic, and several assistants.
The meeting lasted for t w o hours, after
which we spent a further 3 hours with
Werner Schmidt over dinner. Amongst the
scientific group were three others from
National Consortium member societies, Paul
Hough from CFBS (who, like me, had been
invited independently of the Consortium),
Don Savage (Executive Director, CAUT),
and
Jean
Lengellé
(Chair
of
the
Consortium).
In his letter of invitation, Mr Manning (who
read physics for his first t w o years at
university) stated that he was 'absolutely
appalled at the minimal extent to which
science informs the debates in the House of
Commons, or the policies and positions of
the government and MPs.'
It seems to me to be well worthwhile
interacting with Reform, especially at these
high levels and given what appears to be a
sincere interest on their part. First, it is not
inconceivable that they could eventually
form a government; second, and more
clearly, they are already in a position, if
assisted appropriately, to enormously raise
the profile of science in Parliament and the
government (see also my general comments
regarding lobbying opposition parties in next
article).
The discussions were very positive; Preston
Manning clearly understood the importance
and role of science very well, and much of
the time was spent discussing how the rest
of the world could be helped to understand
it. I am sure that both sides came away
with a much better understanding of the
concerns of the other. More specifically,
we asked what we could do on a more
ongoing basis to help Reform raise the
profile of science.
In a recent letter on
behalf of the party, Werner Schmidt listed a
number of items, which I would summarize
as follows:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
help them establish a conceptual
framework for good science policy
(Reform does not yet have a formal
Science Policy),
provide a list of MPs who are
interested in science and w h o might
be interested in forming a multiparty
Scientific Caucus,
provide them with questions which
could be raised during Question
Period,
provide advice as to how to improve
communications w i t h the scientific
community
(I have raised the
possibility of talks and round-table
discussions at scientific Congresses),
and
(v)
provide a list of people who might be
prepared to serve as informal
science advisors to them.
A preliminary response has been sent on
behalf of the CAP.
A number of
suggestions on how to approach items (i),
(iv) and (v) above were included; I also
indicated that I will get back to them shortly
with suggested MPs for item (ii). I have
also suggested a couple of questions
(related to the indirect costs of university
research and to venture capital availability),
but have promised more. On 1 9 9 6 January
2 a request for input was sent to CAP
members by e-mail. A follow-up response
to Mr. Schmidt is pending.
Since Question Period items can be raised
on an ongoing basis, please let me know
whenever you hear of something important
which should be raised. Bear in mind that
you should provide good background
information, plus a question, and the topic
should be significant enough that it is likely
to make a 'good question'.
Report on Recent Lobbying Efforts
by P.S. Vincett, CAP President
In addition to the discussions with Reform
which are described above, the CAP has
been very active recently in the month-long
lobby organized by the National Consortium
of Scientific and Educational Societies. As
you may know, our Executive Director
(Francine Ford) has recently become a
member of the NCSES steering committee,
and CAP was the author of one of the three
briefing papers presented to all the people
who were lobbied (Physics in Canada, 5 1 (5)
2 3 8 - 2 3 9 ) . As a result, we ourselves took
part in many of the detailed meetings.
Apart from the meeting with Reform, the
people lobbied by CAP members (name of
CAP lobbyist indicated in brackets) included
at least the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Diane Lafleur, Policy Advisor to Paul
Martin (D. McDiarmid)
Charles Bird, Assistant to Ralf Goodale,
Min. of Agriculture (J.C.D. Milton)
Herb
Gray,
Solicitor
General
(S. Godfrey)
David Anderson, Minister of National
Revenue (M. Lord)
Marc-Denis Everelle, Chief Science
Advisor to the Minister of Natural
Resources (J.C.D. Milton)
Russell MacLellan, MP, Parliamentary
Secretary to the Minister of Justice
(F.M. Ford)
Jon Gerrard, Minister of Science,
Research & Development (P.S. Vincett,
D. McDiarmid, F.M. Ford))
Real Menard, Bloc Québécois science
critic (F.M. Ford)
Mr. Carl Gillis, Special Assistant to
Mr. David Dingwall, Minister of Public
Works and Government Services and
Minister
for the Atlantic
Canada
Opportunities Agency (D. McDiarmid)
Many more were lobbied by various other
Consortium members.
Please be assured that no implication of
support for any party is ever given, and
I believe none is ever expected. With the
others in the National Consortium, we try to
meet with as many parties as possible; in
addition to the government, meetings
occurred with the NDP, Reform, the Bloc,
and (I believe) Jean Charest. We meet with
opposition parties to try to raise the general
level of parliamentary knowledge, to give
parties information on questions that might
be asked, to inform them in case they ever
become government, and even to try to
ensure that they will not oppose good
things that the present government might
do. It is really a matter of education: if we
are to be involved in lobbying (which I think
we clearly must be) I think we must meet
with all those that have power or influence
(or might have in the future), not just those
we individually approve of.
Again,
however, be assured that no implication is
ever made that we support any particular
party.
Also in the general area of lobbying, the
Chair of the Division of Condensed Matter
Physics and I have both written letters
recently to Ann McLellan, Minister of
Natural Resources to argue strongly against
the rumored massive cuts to AECL
research; we understand the government
received enough letters that the decision
has been at least postponed for further
consideration.
I have also written to
Jon Gerrard (to provide our thoughts on
how to improve the financing of late stage
development and commercialization, as he
requested when I met him), and Paul Martin
to argue against the rumored complete
federal
abandonment
of
funding
for
post-secondary education (i.e. making CHST
into a health-only transfer). Our Director of
Professional Affairs, Don McDiarmid, has
also corresponded with Alan Nymark, ADM
at Industry, to continue discussions which
he started with him at a Consortium
meeting, regarding the need to support R&D
through the entire progression from basic
research to commercialization activities.
In addition, w e have been taking a
significant
role, via Don
McDiarmid,
Brent Cyca and Francine Ford, in a recent
Royal Society of Canada initiative to
establish a lobbying partnership between a
number of scientific and engineering
societies. It remains to be seen whether
this will come to fruition, but we see this
kind of partnership as extraordinarily
important and we are doing everything we
can to support it.
Finally, planning is well underway for the
first joint CAP-CSC (Canadian Society for
Chemistry) lobby effort, to take place on
February 12 and 13. Meetings have been
scheduled with Doug Hull, Director General
of the Science Promotion and Science
Affairs Branch of Industry Canada, and Art
Carty, President of the National Research
Council. Requests for meetings have been
made to Jon Gerrard/John Manley and will
be made to other parties of mutual interest.
11
Naturally, efforts of this kind are long-term
in nature and major results will not occur
quickly. However, if I had to summarize the
key point that politicians and civil servants
have made to us during the various
meetings, it is that frequent lobbying is
essential if science is not to suffer still
further in the future. I do detect a fair
amount of goodwill towards science, but
w e must keep our viewpoint constantly in
front of politicians and civil servants. We
have succeeded in greatly expanding these
efforts this year, and I sincerely thank all
those w h o have been involved. I am sure
that w e need to do still more however, and
we are going to have to find a way to do
so.
i) an explicit recommendation "that no
further cuts be made to the granting
councils"
The report touches very briefly on a
host of measures and aspects related to
fiscal management and programs, and
therefore is not an in-depth report.
Some of the statements made are:
iv) a recognition that research funding
must
be stable and
predictable,
including for university research
the governmont is following the
correct policies with respect to
interest rates and monetary policy
iii)
reduced spending should constitute
the major component of fiscal
actions, not tax increases
iv)
the Committeo endorses the deficit
target of 2 % of GDP for 1 9 9 7 - 9 8 ,
and expects this to be reached
through
modest
new
budget
measures
v)
the main future uncertainties include
unexpected increases in international
interest rates, the possibility of a
recession, and political uncertainty in
Canada
vi)
increases in taxes are recommended
for
tobacco
products,
lottery
winnings over $ 6 0 0 , and gasoline (if
the 2 % deficit target is not going to
be met)
vii)
spending
reductions
are
recommended in defence costs, and
possibly in the regional development
agencies
viii)
recommends income averaging for
those
whose
income
fluctuates
widely, but not as a general measure
ix)
with respect to education, the report
notes that "government's role is vital
in providing Canadians with an
up-to-date educational infrastructure
as well as economic conditions that
will
generate
the
jobs
and
opportunities to use and develop their
skills and experience"
x)
"unemployment and social assistance
programs should allow f o r a transition
period in w i i c h partial benefits
continue to be paid while someone
previously dependent on government
assistance
adapts
to
new
circumstances"
xi)
enhance
the
tax
benefits
for
charitable donations, as a means of
assisting the very large volunteer
effort that exists in Canada
xii)
the Committeo supports the concept
of user pay for government goods
and services
v) a statement that cuts to science,
technology and research "can only lead
over the longer term to declining
productivity and fewer high paying
jobs".
i)
b) Transfers to Provinces
The Canada Health and Social Transfer
(CHST) that will come into effect in
April, 1 9 9 6 combines the previous
transfers to the provinces for health,
post-secondary education and social
assistance.
This report states that:
Summary prepared by Paul T. Hough
Canadian Federation of Biological Societies
Overview
i)
cuts in the transfers to the provinces
are necessary
ii)
the Committee does not agree with
creating three separate components
within the CHST
iii)
The primary focus is on achieving the deficit
targets and addressing the national debt.
Everything in the report is tailored to these
objectives. It is quite explicit in saying that
the February, 1 9 9 5 Budget set the course
for achieving these targets (a deficit of 3 %
of GDP in 1 9 9 6 - 9 7 and 2 % of GDP in
1997-98) and that the government must
stay the course. The implication is that the
1 9 9 6 Budget will be a tuning exercise on
the 1 9 9 5 Budget, not a major new
approach.
Specific Details
a) Science/Research
Education, research, innovation and
science and technology are all described
as essential to our economic future. It
states that "federal programs that
sustain science and technology, from
basic research and the quality of
Canada's universities and colleges to the
capacity of private industry to develop.
12
Miscellaneous Points
ii)
Report of the House of Commons Finance
Committee
"The Next Steps to Fiscal Health After a
Year of Historic Progress: Building the 1 9 9 6
Budget Through Consultation"
Issued January 17, 1 9 9 6
This 5 0 page report is essentially a strong
endorsement of current government fiscal
policies. There are no calls for large-scale
cuts, nor are there recommendations for
increases anywhere. Instead, it calls for "a
balanced approach to cutbacks" which
"must not be so severe as to retard
economic g r o w t h " - but it does state that
further cuts are required.
c)
ii) a call for a new program to replace the
Defense Industry Productivity Program
to support the development of new
products
in
industries
such
as
environmental
technologies,
biotechnology, software, aerospace and
advanced manufacturing systems
iii) a call for the government to complete
the S&T review
As the President of the APS said recently, in
the U.S. context, "Members of Congress
need to understand that physics is the
science of creating wealth and jobs"!
As always, your comments and suggestions
are more than welcome. Any members w h o
are interested in being contacted for input
on science policy issues as they arise are
invited to contact the CAP Office to be
added to the Science Policy Forum list. As
most
communications
are
sent
electronically, please ensure that the CAP
Office has your current e-mail address on
file.
groups that the health component be
set at $ 2 5 0 per parson annually
(approximately $7.5 billion) is also
not mentioned.
exploit and market new technologies"
require a continuing high priority. To this
end, the report contains:
earmarking of such funds
provincial responsibility
iv)
is
a
there should be a "sustainable level of
cash payments under the CHST" (an
ever increasing component of the
CHST consists of the transfer of tax
points)
Comments
1. Canada is the only industrialized
country that does not have a dept. of
education
within
the
central
government, even in those countries
where the states or regions have
primary responsibility for education.
The lack of any reference to
education
in the CHST is a
continuing point of concern for
future commitments by the federal
government.
2. Without
amending
the
current
transfer
formula,
the
cash
component of the transfers will go to
zero by 1998 in some cases, later
for other provinces.
This report
contains no mention of the formula
or of the modifications that would be
required to provide a "sustainable
level of cash payments".
It also
does
not
mention
what
an
appropriate level would be.
The
suggestion from several
health
the Committee rejects
board expendit ure cuts
across
the
CAP OFFICE / BUREA U DE L'A CP
1 9 9 6 Membership Campaign Launched
Lancement
Dr. Eric Svensson, CAP Vice-President Elect, has formally launched the
1996 membership campaign. Any member who recruits another
member will have their name entered in a draw to win a free 1996
membership in the CAP (division fees and journal subscriptions not
included). For those members who are successful in recruiting a
member other than a student (undergraduate or graduate) member,
they will receive a CAP coffee mug. See your 1 9 9 6 membership
renewal package for further details.
Le Dr. Eric Svensson, vice-président élu de l'ACP, a lancé officiellement
sa campagne de recrutement 1 9 9 6 . Tout membre qui recrute un autre
membre participera au tirage d'une adhésion 1996 à l'ACP gratuite
(frais de division et abonnements non compris). Pour les membres qui
réussiront à recruter un membre autre qu'un membre étudiant (premier,
deuxième ou troisième cycle), ceux-ci recevront une tasse de l'ACP.
Pour de plus amples détails, veuillez vous référer à votre envoi de
renouvellement d'adhésion.
CAP Income Survey - Volunteer Needed URGENTLY
Enquêta de l'A CP tur les aalalrea-Bénêvola
For the past several years, the CAP has been surveying its members
with respect to annual income, w i t h results published in the January
or March issue of Physics in Canada.
This information has been
distributed to high schools as part of the information package relating
to physics careers. It was the efforts of Peter Kirkby that made this
information source possible.
Depuis les dernières années, l'ACP mène une enquête auprès de ses
membres sur leur salaire annuel et les résultats sont publiés dans le
numéro de janvier ou de mars de La Physique au Canada.
Cette
information, qui est distribuée aux écoles secondaires, fait partie des
trousses d'informations concernant la carrière en physique. C'est
grâce aux efforts de Peter Kirkby que cette source d'information est
disponible.
It is believed that this activity is an important one to continue and, in
this regard, we are seeking a member who will volunteer to take on
this task for a number of years.
Il est de notre avis que ce projet est important et, à cet égard, nous
sommes à la recherche d ' u n membre qui entreprendra bénévolement
cette tâche pendant quelques années.
Interested members should contact F.M. Ford of the CAP Office (email
[email protected]) for further information.
Les membres intéressés doivent contacter F.M. Ford au bureau de
l'ACP (cour. élec. CAP@physics. carleton.ca) pour de plus amples
renseignements.
1 9 9 6 Art of Physics Competition Launched
Lancement du Concourt l'Art de la physique
The 3rd Art of Physics competition has n o w been officially launched
(see Rules and Entry f o r m w h i c h follow). The deadline for submission
of photographic entries is 1 9 9 6 September 3 0 .
Le 3* Concours l ' A r t de la physique 1 9 9 6 est maintenant lancé
officiellement (voir règlements et formulaire ci-joints). La date limite
d'inscription pour les photographies est le 3 0 septembre 1996.
Winning entries and honourable mentions from this year's competition
will be added to the CAP's travelling art of physics exhibition. They
will also be used as future covers of Physics in Canada and may form
part of a new visibility initiative under consideration by the CAP
Executive.
Les photographies gagnantes et les mentions honorables seront
ajoutées à l'exposition ambulante l ' A r t de la physique de l'ACP. Elles
seront également utilisées pour de futures premières pages de La
Physique au Canada et pourraient faire partie d ' u n nouvel outil de
promotion présentement à l'étude par l'exécutif de l'ACP.
Any members wishing to book the Art of Physics exhibition for a
conference or other event (even just to have it in the lobby of your
organization) may use the enclosed booking form. Please contact the
CAP office for availability of dates.
Tout membre souhaitant réserver l'exposition l ' A r t de la physique pour
une conférence ou tout autre événement (môme pour exposer dans le
hall d'entrée de votre organisme) peut le faire en remplissant le
formulaire de réservation ci-joint. Veuillez contacter le bureau de l'ACP
pour les disponibilités.
de la campagne
de recrutement
1996
demandi
; URGENT
1996
CAP/CRM MEDAL FOR OUTSTANDING ACHEVEMENT IN THEORETICAL AND
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
W e are pleased t o a n n o u n c e t h a t t h e Canadian A s s o c i a t i o n of Physicists and t h e Centre de Recherche M a t h é m a t i q u e w i l l , once again,
be o f f e r i n g a medal for o u t s t a n d i n g a c h i e v e m e n t in theoretical and m a t h e m a t i c a l p h y s i c s . This prize w a s introduced in 1 9 9 6 , w i t h the
first medal being p r e s e n t e d at the 1 9 9 5 CAP A n n u a l Congress t o Dr. Werner Israel of the University of Alberta.
In presenting the medal t o his thesis advisor,
m e n t o r , and friend. Dr. Eric Poisson had the
f o l l o w i n g t o say regarding Dr. Israel:
" W e r n e r w a s born in Berlin in the early
nineteen thirties. Soon after, he and his
f a m i l y m o v e d t o Cape T o w n , S o u t h A f r i c a .
There he s t a y e d until he m o v e d t o Dublin,
Ireland, t o pursue a graduate degree.
Werner obtained his d o c t o r a t e f r o m Trinity
College in 1 9 6 0 . In Dublin, Werner m e t and
married Inge, a n d t h e t w o of t h e m c a m e t o
live in E d m o n t o n .
Werner joined t h e
University of Alberta as an A s s i s t a n t
Professor in 1 9 5 8 , and there he remained t o
this d a y .
W e r n e r ' s field of research is general
relativity, m o s t especially black holes. His
c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o this field are n u m e r o u s and
far reaching; t h r o u g h o u t his career his role
has been t h a t of a leader.
Dr. Wsrnsr Israsl Is presented w i t h ths first C A P / C R M M e d e l for Outstanding Achlsvsment in
Theoretical and M a t h e m a t i c a l Physics at the 1 9 9 6 C A P Congress, Quebec City. Pictured from
left to right ere: Luc Vlnet (CRM), Werner Israel, Eric Poisson, and Roger Lessard (CAP).
13
In the late nineteen sixties, Werner
formulated a theorem w h i c h took
everybody w o r k i n g in the field by
surprise.
Werner
showed
that
n o n r o t a t i n g black holes in isolation
m u s t be spherically s y m m e t r i c , no
matter h o w asperhical the collapsing
star initially w a s . The star could be a
cube, and resulting black hole w o u l d
still be sphericall
This t h e o r e m
created a lot of excitement in the
field, and over a period of several
years, it w a s generalized (by Werner
as w e l l as other w o r k e r s ) t o the case
of charged and rotating black holes.
This result, n o w k n o w n as the no-hair
t h e o r e m for black holes, is one of the
most
powerful
and
beautiful
achievements of gravitation t h e o r y .
More recently, Werner's scientific
focus has been on the internal
c o n s t i t u t i o n of black holes. His w o r k
establishes that the singularity of an
aging black hole is lightlike (as
opposed to spacelike), and far m o r e
ordered t h a n w a s initially expected.
Werner's
work
combines
deep
physical significance w i t h elegant
mathematical f o r m u l a t i o n . M o r e o v e r ,
the vast m a j o r i t y of his w o r k has been
highly original and innovative, w h i c h
establishes Werner as one of the true
leaders in the field of genreral
relativity. In his letter of support for
this Prize, Kip S. Thorne w r i t e s : ' W i t h
t w o exceptions (Stephen H a w k i n g of
Cambridge
University
and
Roger Penrose of O x f o r d University),
nobody has contributed more than
Werner Israel t o our understanding of
gravitational t h e o r y , during the past
three d e c a d e s . "
In concluding his i n t r o d u c t i o n . Dr. Poisson
stated that "over and above being a firstrate theoretical physicist, Werner is also
a first-rate h u m a n being. A s his graduate
student, I have had m a n y opportunities to
w i t n e s s W e r n e r ' s great kindness and
generosity. In every respect he makes a
perfect role m o d e l . It is m y opinion t h a t
the Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical
Physics as been a w a r d e d t o the m o s t
deserving candidate."
Do you know another deserving candidate
for this award?
If so, y o u are invited t o complete the
attached n o m i n a t i o n f o r m and send it,
together w i t h the required supporting
documentation
(please see
attached
guidelines) t o :
Chair, C A P - C R M Prize
c/o Directeur
CRM, Université de Montréal
C.P. 6 1 2 8 , succursale centre-ville
Montréal, Québec H3C 3 J 7
by 1 9 9 6 March 15.
14
NEWS / NOUVELLES
1 9 9 5 Manning Awards
Canadians of Excellence
Recipients
-
Dr. Kenneth Hill, Principal Scientist at the
Communications Research Centre, O t t a w a ,
Ontario received the 1995
Manning
Principal
Award
and
$100,000
in
recognition of his pioneering w o r k and
leadership in optical fibre communications,
a field very important to the Information
Age. He advanced this industry through
his 1 9 7 8 discovery that laser irradiation of
an optical fibre changes permanently the
refractive index of the fibre's core, an
effect he named "photosensitivity". His
subsequent w o r k has resulted in the
development of low cost and high
performance devices such as wavelength
filters, multiplexers, and laser frequency
stabilizers. Another direct result of his
w o r k has been optical sensors for
measuring temperature and strain that
have application in the construction
industry, as for example in bridges, large
buildings and other "smart structures".
Dr. Tony Gilsig and Yves Payette
of
Longueuil, Quebec, were co-winners of
this year's Manning A w a r d of Distinction
and $ 2 5 , 0 0 0 , in recognition of their w o r k
in enhancing operational control of large
electrical power, w a t e r , mail, and other
distribution systems. The Gilsig-Payette
system enabled rapid restoration of power
in the City of Los Angeles following the
1 9 9 3 earthquake.
Honoured w i t h $ 5 , 0 0 0 Innovation A w a r d s
were John Hollick of D o w n s v i e w , Ontario,
and John Swann, of Vancouver, British
Columbia.
These
awards
are
for
innovators w h o s e achievements were
made w i t h o u t the benefit of advanced
education or substantial outside support.
John Hollick's innovation is a solar heating
system called "solarwall" that utilizes dark
metal panels, perforated w i t h many tiny
holes, as heat collectors. Applied to the
external wall or roof of a building, the
surface of the panels is heated by the sun.
Fans then draw the heated air through the
tiny holes into the space between the
panel and the building wall and from there
into a distribution system w i t h i n the
building.
Initially used in commercial
applications on some of Canada's largest
manufacturing
buildings,
the
system
recently has been cdapted for residential
purposes.
John Swann devleoped an
emergency escape smoke hood for use by
people caught in a fira.
The Swann
equipment is m u c h superior to available
alternatives. Approximately 8 0 percent of
fire victims die because they are overcome
by toxic fumes and the Swann hood w i t h
its catalytic air filter is designed to give the
wearer 2 0 minutes of breathable air -additional time to escape a fire. Product
market success has been international and
outstanding.
The Fourteenth Annual Manning Awards
Ceremonies also salutod four of the
brightest young Canadians w h o were
among 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 students w h o participated
in the 1995 Canada-Wide and regional
Science Fairs.
These were
Wojciech
Giziewicz,
Ottawa,
ontario
(a
new
approach to cholesterol reduction), Kiran
Sah, Mississauga, Ontario (microbes come
to power — energy of the 21st century),
Robert Strong, St. J o h n ' s , Newfoundland
(DNA identification of w a t e r f o w l ) , and
Dinen Subramaniam,
Winnipeg, Manitoba
(using
evolution
to
create
artificial
intelligence).
Finally, in recognition of 5 0 years of
extensive
assistance
to
Canadian
innovators
and
entrepreneurs,
The
Manning A w a r d s honoured the Industrial
Research Assistance Program (I RAP) of the
National Research Council w i t h The
Manning A w a r d of Excellence.
Are You a Hungarian-born Physicist?
I am a Hungarian-born physicist specializing in physics education at the University of
Manitoba.
Last Fall I attended a European Physical Society's biennial conference
(History of Physics branch). A t the conference I w a s asked t o become a m e m b e r of a
Hungarian group of physicists and physics educators w h o are interested in establishing
c o n t a c t w i t h colleagues in Canada w h o w e r e born in Hungary.
M y first task is t o make a list of Hungarian-born physicists ( w i t h v e r / brief CV's) and
establish a beginning for a more extensive report on their professional activities in
Canada. Such a list may provide a venue for dialogue b e t w e o n physicists and for
organizing visits between the t w o countries.
If y o u are a Hungarian-born physicist, physics historian or physics educator, and are
w o r k i n g in Candaa, please contact m e . I w i l l be making a presentetion in H u n g e r / in the
late spring of 1 9 9 6 .
Thank y o u very m u c h .
Dr. A r t h u r Stinner
Curriculum: M a t h e m a t i c s and Natural Sciences
Faculty of Education, University of Manitoba
Winnipeg, M B R3T 2 N 2
Tel: (204) 4 7 4 - 9 0 6 8
Fax: (204) 2 7 5 - 5 9 6 2
e-mail: [email protected] .umanitoba.ca
Canadian Association of Physicists
151 Slater Street, Suite 903
Ottawa (Ontario) KIP 5H3
Each member of CAP is invited to submit a nomination for the
1996 CAP-CRM PRIZE IN THEORETICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
This medal was awarded for the first time at the 1995 CAP Annual Congress.
The object of this award is to recognize research excellence in the fields of theoretical and
mathematical physics. The award is not limited to CAP members but the candidates' research
should have been done in Canada or in affiliation with a Canadian university or industry.
Last years recipient was M. Werner Israel, University of Alberta.
I nominate for the ACP-CRM Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics:
Name of Nominee
Name and signature of Nominator
Address of Nominee
Address of Nominator
Material in support of the nominations must be included with the nomination. Please consult
accompanying Guidelines for Nomination of Candidates for the CAP-CRM Prize in Theoretical
and Mathematical Physics (please see enclosed). Nominations are valid for three (3) years.
In order for your nomination to be considered, this form must be returned by March, 15, 1996 to:
Chair, CAP-CRM Prize
C/0 Directeur
CRM
Université de Montréal
C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville
Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7
15
Guidelines for the Nomination of Candidates for the
CAP-CRM Prize in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics
The Centre de recherches mathématiques (CRM) and the Canadian Association of Physicists
(CAP) created in 1995 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the CAP, a joint prize in
recognition of exceptional achievements in theoretical and mathematical physics.
The CRM is a national research centre in mathematics and theoretical physics jointly supported
by the federal government, the province of Quebec, and the Université de Montréal where it is
based. Among the activities of the CRM are thematic years, summer schools, workshops.,
seminars, and the publication of monographs, proceedings, and lecture notes in mathematics and
physics.
A selection committee established by the CAP Division of Theoretical physics and the CRM will
choose the recipient of this prize on the basis of outstanding contributions to the advancement
of the field. The main selection criterion is research excellence.
The candidate's research should have been done primarily in Canada or in affiliation with a
Canadian university or industry.
Nomination must be submitted by March 15,1996, by at least one sponsor and should include
the following information:
• Supporting letter
• Curriculum vitae
• List of publications.
There will be at most one prize awarded per year at the annual congress of the Canadian
Association of Physicists. The recipient will be invited to give a lecture at the CAP annual
congress and a commemorative medal and $2,000 will be given to the recipient at the banquet
of this meeting.
Submit nominations to:
Directeur, Centre de recherches mathématiques, Université de Montréal
C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), H3C 3J7
Téléphone: (514) 343-7501, Télécopieur: (514) 343-2254
16
Association canadienne des physiciens (ACP)
151, rue Slater, Suite 903
Ottawa (Ontario) KIP 5H3
Nous invitons chacun des membres de l'ACP à nous soumettre une proposition de candidat pour
le:
PRIX ACP-CRM DE PHYSIQUE THÉORIQUE ET MATHÉMATIQUE 1996.
Ce prix a été décerné pour la première fois en 1995 lors du congrès annuel de l'ACP.
Le prix ACP-CRM vise à souligner l'excellence dans le domaine de la recherche en physique
théorique et mathématique. Les candidats admissibles ne doivent pas nécessairement être
membres de l'ACP, mais leurs travaux de recherche doivent avoir été réalisés au Canada, ou dans
le cadre d'une affiliation avec une université ou une entreprise canadienne.
Le récipiendaire du prix ACP-CRM 1995 est M. Werner Israel, de l'Université de 1'Alberta.
Je propose le candidat suivant pour le prix ACP-CRM
mathématique:
Nom du candidat
Adresse du candidat
de physique théorique et
Nom et signature du présentateur
Adresse du présentateur
Tous les documents visant à appuyer votre proposition de candidature au prix ACP-CRM doivent
être joints à la présente. À cet égard, veuillez consulter les Directives en vue de la présentation
d'une candidature au prix ACP-CRM de physique théorique et mathématique (voir ci-contre). Les
mises en candidature demeurent valables pour une période de trois (3) ans.
Pour être valide, les mises en candidature doivent avoir été reçues au plus tard le 15 mars 1996 à
l'adresse suivante:
Président,
Comité d'attribution du Prix ACP-CRM
A/S Directeur
CRM
C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville
Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7
17
Directives en vue de la présentation d'une candidature au
Prix ACP-CRM de physique théorique et mathématique
En 1995, à l'occasion du cinquantenaire de l'ACP, le Centre de recherches mathématiques (CRM)
et l'Association canadienne des physiciens (ACP) ont créé un prix conjoint visant à souligner des
réalisations exceptionnelle en physique théorique et mathématique.
Le CRM est un centre national de recherches en sciences mathématiques et en physique théorique
financé, entre autres, par le gouvernement fédéral, le gouvernement du Québec, et l'Université de
Montréal où il est situé. Les activités de recherche du CRM comprennent l'organisation d'années
thématiques, d'écoles d'été, d'ateliers et de séminaires, ainsi que la publication de monographies,
d'actes de conférences et de notes de cours en sciences mathématiques et en physique.
Un comité d'attribution mis sur pied par la division de physique théorique de l'ACP et par le CRM
sélectionnera le récipiendaire du prix sur la foi de contributions remarquables à l'avancement des
connaissances dans le domaine. Le critère de sélection principal est l'excellence de la recherche.
Les candidats doivent avoir réalisés leurs travaux de recherche essentiellement au Canada ou dans
le cadre d'une affiliation avec une université ou une entreprise canadienne.
Les mises en candidature doivent avoir été reçues au plus tard le 15 mars 1996, être soumises par
au moins un présentateur, et inclure les renseignements suivants:
• Une lettre de recommandation du présentateur
• Le curriculum vitae du candidat
• La liste des publications du candidat.
Au maximum un seul Prix ACP-CRM sera décerné à chaque année. Le récipiendaire sera invité à
prononcer une conférence lors du congrès annuel de l'ACP, une médaille commémorative et un
montant de 2 000 $ lui seront remis dans le cadre du banquet de ce congrès.
Veuillez soumettre vos mises en candidature à:
Directeur, Centre de recherches mathématiques, Université de Montréal
C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal (Québec), H3C 3J7
Téléphone: (514) 343-7501, Télécopieur: (514) 343-2254
18 Physics in Canada January/February 1 9 9 6
1 9 9 4 / 9 5 ART OF PHYSICS WINNERS RECEIVE THEIR PRIZES
On 1995 October 14, the 1994/95 Art of Physics competition winners were presented with their prizes by
Prof. Jasper McKee, Editor of Physics in Canada. The prizes, which consisted of a camera and a supply of film, were
donated by Kodak Canada Inc.
Prue Packwood, Ottawa,
receiving her prize for the
winning entry - Open
Category
entitled
"Vertigo"
Graeme
Carpenter,
Ottawa, receiving his
prize as 2nd Place winner
Open
Category
entitled
"Transmission
Electron Microscopy of a
Metal-matrix Composite"
Rodney West, receiving
his prize as 3rd Place
winner - Open Category entitled "Electron Tree"
The winning entries appeared in the inside front cover of the 1995 October-December issue of Physics in Canada.
19
CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICISTS
ASSOCIA TION CANADIENNE DES PHYSICIENS ET PHYSICIENNES
Art of Physics Exhibition / Exposition l'Art de la physique
Dimension Sheet / Dimensions-.
The Display / Pièces exposées
Pictures / Photographies:
42 cm x 30 cm
Captions / Légendes:
21 cm x 30 cm (H)
29 photographs in total / 29 photographies au total.
A pair of pictures plus captions fit comfortably into a 1 m x 1 m area.
We actually display t w o pictures and captions on a 0.75 m (w) x 1.0 m
(h) panel. Complete with header boards, and a sponsors board, the
exhibition needs roughly 15 to 18 m 2 of display surface.
Deux photos et leur légende tiennent largement dans un carré de
1 m x 1m. Nous présentons même deux photos et leur légende sur un
panneau de 0,75 m (largeur) x 1 m (hauteur). En comptant les panneaux
des titres et le panneau des commanditaires, l'exposition a besoin en gros
d'une superficie d'affichage de 15 à 18 m2.
Approximate Weight / Poids approximatif:
Value / Valeur
20
$ 3,000
18 kg
The Art of Physics Exhibition
Formal Booking Form
Please complete in BLOCK CAPITALS
Name:
^
Address:
Telephone No.:
If the contact name during the loan of the exhibition is different from the above, please given name
and telephone number so that we can get in touch with you if necessary.
Telephone No.
Name:
I/We the above-mentioned have the Art of Physics Exhibition on loan from
to
I/We undertake to take all reasonable care of the exhibition. I/We shall arrange for the collection
and return of the exhibition from the Canadian Association of Physicists headquarters at Suite 903,
151 Slater Street, Ottawa, ON, K1P 5H3, between the hours of 0 8 3 0 and 1700 (Monday to Friday
only).
Signature:
Date:
This exhibition consists of 29 pictures and 29 mounted captions and header panels. The Canadian Association of
Physicists asks you to display one extra panel giving details of the sponsors (CAP and Kodak Canada).
The cost for insurance of the exhibition is $50 per loan. (The replacement cost is $3,000
it is not insured whilst left unattended in a car or van).
and we must stress that
Could you please return this form and a cheque for $50 made payable to the Canadian Association of Physicists,
to make a formal booking.
Many thanks
Francine Ford
Executive Director
21
ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DES PHYSICIENS ET PHYSICIENNES
Exposition L'Art de la physique
Formulaire officiel de réservation
Veuillez écrire en MAJUSCULES
Nom:
Adresse:
N° de téléphone:
Si la personne responsable de l'emprunt de l'exposition n'est pas la même que ci-dessus, veuillez donner son
nom et son numéro de téléphone afin que nous puissions communiquer au besoin avec elle.
Nom:
N° de téléphone:
Je soussigné-e (nous soussignés-ées) dont le nom figure ci-dessus ai (avons) en prêt l'exposition
L'Art de la physique de
à
Je m'engage (nous nous engageons) à prendre toutes les précautions nécessaires pour l'exposition,
à aller la chercher et à la renvoyer au siège de l'Association canadienne des physiciens et
physiciennes, au bureau 9 0 3 , 151 rue Slater, Ottawa (ON) K1P 5H3, entre 8 h 30 et 17 h 0 0 (du
lundi au vendredi seulement).
Signature:
Date:
Cette exposition comprend 29 photos et 29 panneaux de légendes et de titres. L'Association canadienne des
physiciens et physiciennes vous demande de présenter un panneau supplémentaire avec la liste des commanditaires
(ACP et Kodak Canada).
Pour emprunter l'exposition, la prime d'assurance est de 50 $. (Le coût de remplacement est de J' 000 $, et nous
vous signalons que l'exposition n 'est pas assurée si elle se trouve dans une voiture ou une camionnette laissée sans
surveillance).
Veuillez renvoyer ce formulaire avec un chèque de 50 $ à l'ordre de l'Association canadienne des physiciens et
physiciennes, pour réserver officiellement l'exposition.
Avec tous mes remerciements
La Directrice exécutive
Association canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes
Francine Ford
22
The Canadian Association of Physicists
1996 ART OF PHYSICS COMPETITION
(prizes donated by Kodak Canada Inc.)
RULES
Y
^
There is no limit to the number of entries from any individual or group.
Rule 1
Each entry must be accompanied by its caption and a copy of this entry form, and sent in a separate envelope
clearly marked "The Art of Physics Competition". The entrant's name and category should be clearly marked
on the back of each print.
Rule 2
An entrance fee of $5, to cover administrative expenses, should accompany each contribution in Category 1.
An entrance fee of $ 1 0 should accompany each contribution in Category 2.
Rule 3
The print must be at least 10 cm x 15 cm (4 in x 6 in) and no larger than 25 cm x 3 0 cm ( 10 in x 12 in) and
must be accompanied by a duplicate negative that remains with the CAP.
Rule 4
The caption must be typed double-spaced and be between 100 and 2 0 0 words in length.
Rule 5
The closing date for entries is September 3 0 , 1 9 9 6 .
by the judges.
Rule 6
Copyright of the entry remains with the photographer and/or his or her employers. The organisers reserve
the right
Entries received after this date cannot be considered
«
i)
to reproduce selected entries without payment as part of an Art of Physics Exhibition.
ii)
to use the said selected entries for publicity purposes for the competition in future years.
iii)
to use said selected entries for educational purposes and in advancing the public understanding of
science. This may include publication in collected form or in postcard form.
Reference will be made to the originators of the entry in all cases. Reproduction of said entries by other than
the organisers, and/or for purposes other than as stated in
above will require permission from the
originator who will be entitled to a reproduction fee.
Rule 7
Prints and negatives of winning and said selected entries will remain the property of the Canadian Association
of Physicists (CAP) (see Rule 3).
Rule 8
While every care will be taken of the entries while in the possession of the organisers, we cannot be held
responsible for any loss or damage. Entrants enter at their own risk.
Rule 9
Each entry will be judged on both the caption and the photograph.
Rule 10
By entering this competition, all entrants agree to be bound by the rules.
Rule 11
Employees of CAP and sponsors are ineligible for entry.
Rule 1 2
Entries should be sent to Francine Ford, Executive Director, Canadian Association of Physicists, Suite 903,
151 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5H3
i
23
L'Association canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes
CONCOURS L'ART DE LA PHYSIQUE 1996
(Prix offerts par Kodak Canada Inc.)
REGLEMENTS
Les personnes et les groupes peuvent participer autant de fois qu'ils le veulent.
#1
Chaque photo doit être accompagnée d'une légende et du formulaire d'inscription. Ce dossier doit être envoyé dans
une enveloppe distincte, portant la mention «Concours L'Art de la physique». Le nom du participent et sa catégorie
doivent figurer lisiblement au dos de chaque photo.
#2
II faut ajouter, afin de couvrir les frais administratifs, 5 $ pour une inscription dans la catégorie 1, et 10 $ dans la
catégorie 2.
#3
Les photos doivent avoir les dimensions minimum suivantes: 10 cm x 3 0 cm (4 pouces x 6 pouces) et ne pas
dépasser 25 cm x 3 0 cm (10 pouces x 12 pouces). Elles doivent être accompagnées d'une copie du négatif, que
l'ACP garde.
#4
La légende doit être dactylographiée à double interligne et avoir entre 100 et 2 0 0 mots.
#5
La date limite d'inscription au concours est fixée au 3 0 septembre 1996. Les documents reçus après cette date ne
seront pas examinés par le jury.
#6
Les droits d'auteur du document appartiennent au photographe et/ou à ses employeurs.
réservent les droits suivants:
Les organisateurs se
i)
reproduire certains documents sans paiement s'ils servent dans le cadre d'une exposition sur L'Art de la
physique.
ii)
utiliser ces documents à des fins publicitaires pour des concours futurs.
iii)
utiliser ces documents à des fins éducatives et de vulgarisation scientifique pour le public. Cela peut comprendre
la publication dans des recueils ou des cartes postales.
Dans tous les cas, les auteurs seront mentionnés. La reproduction de ces documents par d'autres personnes que les
organisateurs, et/ou pour d'autres buts que ceux indiqués aux alinéas i) à iii) exigera l'autorisation des auteurs, qui
pourront recevoir des droits de reproduction.
#7
Les documents et négatifs primés et les documents et négatifs choisis mentionnés resteront la propriété de
l'Association canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes (ACP) (règlement #3).
#8
Nous prendrons toutes les précautions nécessaires pour protéger les documents tant qu'ils seront entre les mains des
organisateurs, mais nous ne pouvons être tenus responsables de leur perte ou de leur dommage. Les concurrents
pparticipent à leurs propres risques.
#9
Chaque document sera jugé en fonction de la légende et de la photographie.
#10
Tous les concurrents s'engagent à respecter les règlements.
#11
Les employées de l'ACP et les commanditaires ne peuvent participer au concours.
#12
Les dossiers d'inscription au concours doivent être envoyés à Francine Ford, directrice exécutive, Association
canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes, bureau 903, 151 rue Slater, Ottawa (Ontario), K I P 5H3.
i»
24
THE CAP 51ST ANNUAL CONGRESS
51e CONGRÈS ANNUEL DE L'ACP
INFORMATION
CALL
APPEL
FOR
A B S T R A C T S
DE
RÉSUMÉS
ABSTRACT DEADLINE -- 1 9 9 6 March 15
DATE LIMITE POUR RÉSUMÉS -- le 1 5 mars 1 9 9 6
1996 Jan. 10
1996 CONGRESS PROGRAM
TIME
0830h
SATURDAY
CAP Exec.
Mtng.
SUNDAY
DCMP Sympos.
DOP/DPP/DAMP
Sympos.
DPP Sympos.
MONDAY
TUESDAY
Plenary Session Plenary Session
- (Govt)
- (DAMP)
WEDNESDAY
Plenary Session
- (DCMP)
0930h
DOP/DCMP
DAMP/DOP
DNP
DCMP
PPD
DPE
DOP
DCMP/DTP/DAMP
DNP
DPP
DOP
PPD/DTP
DOP
DOP
DAMP
DCMP
DNP/PPD
DCMP
DSS
Corp/DIAP
DPE
1200h
Division
Meetings :
DPP
DAMP
DNP
DCMP
PPD
DOP
Past Près lun
Division
Meetings:
DTP
Division
Meetings:
DPE
DIAP
DOP/DCMP
DOP/DAMP
DPP
DNP
DCMP
DCMP
DCMP
PPD
DTP
DPE
Lumonics and
CAP Awards
DOP
DCMP
DNP/DTP
PPD
DOP
DPE
DCMP Sympos.
1330h
CAP Council
(1400 h)
Institute of
Particle
Physics Mtg.
DOP/DPP/DAMP
Sympos.
DOP Sympos.
DPP Sympos.
1530h
Annual General
Meeting
1600h
Townhall Mtngs
(Review of Phys]
1630h
Women in Phys.
1730h
1900h
1930h
Posters Si
Beer Session
(1800 h)
Townhall
Meetings
re Review
of Physics
Reception
Opening
Speaker
(J. Maddox)
2000h
2030h
CJP Ed'l Bd.
Meeting
Cryogenic
Cabaret
Opening
Reception
Banquet
Museum of Civ.
CAP Council Mtg.
CAP ANNUAL CONGRESS / CONGRÈS ANNUEL DE L ACP
- 1996 June 16-19 juin 1996 University of Ottawa/Université d'Ottawa
PROGRAM OUTLINE // PROGRAMME DES SESSIONS
TIME /
HEURE
SATURDAY, June 15/
le SAMEDI 15 juin
0830 h
CAP Executive Meeting/
Réunion exécutive de
l'ACP
SUNDAY, June 16/
le DIMANCHE 16 juin
(DPP)
Low Temperature/
Low Density Plasmas 1
• Stangeby, P. (utiasi
• Stansfield, B.L. (ccfmi
• Kruzelecky, R.V. IMPB Tech.)
• Boeuf, J-P. (Univ.Paul Sabatior)
MONDAY, June 17/
le LUNDI 17 juin
TUESDAY, June 18/
le MARDI 18 juin
WEDNESDAY, June 19/
le MERCREDI 19 juin
PLENARY SESSION:
(CAP)
Government/NSERC
representatives
PLENARY SESSION:
(DAMP)
(DAMP/DOP)
Precision Atomic Physics
• Madej, A. (nrci
• Gagné, M.C. (NRC)
• Scholl, T. (uwo)
(DOP)
Photonics III
- photosensitivity
(DNP)
Radioactive Beams and
Astrophysics
o Jackson, P. (triumf)
0 King, J. (U. Toronto)
(DCMP/DTP/DAMP)
Bose-Einstein Condensation
• Ketterle, W. (MIT)
• G u , B . (Lumonics)
o Clark, C. (NIST)
• L o w n d e s , D.H. (Oak Ridge)
• Fortin, E.
o tba
o tba
o tba
Daniel Kleppner (MIT)
PLENARY SESSION:
(DCMP)
Eric Heller
(Harvard)
(DCMP)
Diffusion and Localization of
Classical Waves
• Lagendijk, A. (Zeeman Lab.)
• Page, J.H. (U. Manitoba)
0 Sheng, P. (HongKong U.)
• W e i t z , D. (Exxon Res.)
• Wilson, B.
0930 h
(Ont. Cane. Inst.)
(U.Ottawa)
• G r i f f i n , A . (U.Toronto)
(DNP)
Nuclear Symmetries and
Structure
o Ward, D. (TAScci
O Page, S. (U.Manitoba)
(DOP)
• Reid, J . (Lumonics)
(Photonics IV/Diode Lasers intro)
(DOP)
Photonics IV
(DOP)
Diode Pumped Lasers
TIME 1
HEURE
0930 h
(cont'd)
SATURDAY. June 15/
le SAMEDI 15 juin
MONDAY. June 17/
le LUNDI 17 juin
SUNDAY, June 16/
le DIMANCHE 16 juin
(DCMP)
Materials Modification by
Ion Beams I
• Feldman, L.C. (AT&T)
• Polman, A. (U.Amsterdam)
• Charbonneau, S. (NRCi
• Albert, J. (Can.Res.Cen)
TUESDAY, June 18/
le MARDI 18 juin
(DPP)
Plasma Physics Session II
• Demers, Y. (MPB Tech.)
• Johnston, T. / Vidal, F.
(INRS-Energie)
WEDNESDAY, June 19/
le MERCREDI 19 juin
(DAMP)
Collisions and Spectroscopy
o tba
• McKellar, R. (NRC)
• Zetner, P. (U. Manitobal
• Lacoursière, J. (U. Laval)
(DCMP)
Strain Accommodation in
Materials
• Williams, R. (NRC)
• Singh, M. (Queen's U.)
• Rancourt, D. (U. Ottawa)
o tba
(PPD)
QCD and Standard Model
Physics with Hadrons
• Bhadra, S. (York u.)
(DOP)
Ultrafast Dynamics II
• Orr, B. (U. Toronto)
• GaO, Y . L . (Univ. Rochester)
• Ragan, K. (McGiii u.)
• Villeneuve, D. (NRC)
(DPE)
Computer-Assisted
Instruction
(PPD/DTP)
Joint Session PPD/DTP
• Kalyniak, P. (Carieton u.)
• Widrow, L. (Queen's U.)
• Zhitnitsky, E. (UBC)
(DNP/PPD)
Joint Session - DNP/PPD
O Virtue, C. (Laurentian U.)
(DPE)
Physics Education
(DCMP)
Superconductivity
• Ehrlich, B. (George Mason U.)
• NiCOl, E. (U. Guelph)
• N o v a k , G. (Univ. Indiana)
• O'Donnell, P. (Univ. Toronto)
• Sternin, E. (Brock Univ.)
(DOP)
Photonics I:
Communications Technology
• DyKaar, D.R. (AT&T Belli
• Nelson,K./Wefers,M. (MIT)
e
O HutCheon,D.(TRIUMF/U.AIta)
O Miller, A . (TRIUMF/U. Alberta)
• Reedyk, M. (Brock u.)
(DSS)
Surfaces and Interfaces;
Growth
• Wang, G-C. (Rensselaer)
• Feenstra, R.M. (Carnegiel
(Corp/DIAP)
??
1200 h
DPP Business Meetiny
DAMP Business Meeting
DNP Business Meeting
DCMP Business Meeting
PPD Business Meeting
DOP Business Meeting
DTP Business Meeting
f"»DC
D1 icinnor
Moû+inri
«—' i t—
I V / v i o i m / w m >VJ
DIAP Business Meeting
TIME/
HEURE
1330 h
SATURDAY, June 15/
le SAMEDI 15 juin
SUNDAY, June 16/
le DIMANCHE 16 juin
MONDAY, June 17/
le LUNDI 17 juin
(DOP/DPP/DAMP)
X-ray Sources
- x-ray lasers
- high harmonies
- plasma sources
- strong field effects
- synchrotrons
(DOP/DCMP)
Photonics II
- photonic devices
- sources
- detectors
- modulators
(DPP)
Low Temperature/
Low Density Plasmas II
• Chaker, M. (INRS-Energie)
• Ross, G. (INRS-Energie)
(DOP/DAMP)
Ultrafast Dynamics 1:
Molecules in Strong Fields
• Friederich, B. (Harvard)
• BOUIOS, M . (Univ. Sherbrooke)
• Ivanov, M. (NRC)
• Rzazewski, K. (Poland)
• Dietrich, P. (Berlin)
(DCMP)
Diffusion and Localization of
Classical Waves (cont'd)
• John, S. IU. Toronto)
o Yablonovich, E (U. Calif.)
• Villeneuve, P. (Mm
• W r i g h t , J . (Carleton Univ.)
(DPP)
Plasma Physics 1
• X i a o , C. (Univ. Sask.)
• Marchand, R. / Simard, M.
TUESDAY, June 18/
le MARDI 18 juin
PARALLEL PLENARY
SESSIONS:
Lumonics (student
paper) competition/
Compétition Lumonics
1communication des
étudiants1
CAP Award Talks/
Conférences des lauréats
de l'ACP
WEDNESDAY, June 19/
le MERCREDI 19 juin
(DOP)
Ultrafast Laser Sources
• Wefers, M. (MIT)
• Spielmann, C. (Vienna)
• Myslinski, P. (NRC)
(DCMP)
Intersections between
Physics & Materials Science
® Tome,C./Christodoulou,N.
(AECL-WU
• Y u e , S. (McGiii u.)
• Root, J. (AECL-CRL)
• Worswick, M. (Carleton U.)
(DNP/DTP)
Joint Session - DNP/DTP
o Holstein, B. (U. Mass.)
O Castel, B. (Queen's U.)
(CCFM)
• Pacher, G.W. (CCFM)
• Y o u n g , J . F . (UBCI
• Lawandy, M, (Brown U.)
(PPD)
Institute of Particle Physics
Annual Meeting
(DNP)
Electromagnetic
Interactions - New
experiments with new beams
O Beck, D. (U. Illinois)
0 Jury, J. (Trent)
O Brash, E. (Rutgers U./
(PPD)
Future Experiments and
Detector Development
• Lefebvre, M. (U. Victoria)
• Savard, P. (U. Montréal)
U. Regina)
(DCMP)
Materials Modification by Ion
Beams II
• Roorda, S. (U. Montréal)
• Mitchell, I.V. (uwo)
(DOP)
Photonics V
TIME /
HEURE
SATURDAY, June 15/
le SAMEDI 15 juin
SUNDAY, June 16/
le DIMANCHE 16 juin
MONDAY, June 17/
le LUNDI 17 juin
TUESDAY, June 18/
le MARDI 18 juin
WEDNESDAY, June 19/
le MERCREDI 19 juin
(DCMP)
Magnetism
1330 h
(cont'd)
• F r e e m a n , M . (u. Aibertai
o Heinrich, B. (SFUI
(DCMP)
Semiconducting Quantum
Structures
• Kirczenow, G. (SFU)
(best CMP paper in CJP)
(PPD)
Precision Tests of Standard
Model
• Gascon, J. (U. Montréal)
• P i n f o l d , J . (U. Alberta)
• Redlinger, G. (TRIUMFI
(DPE)
Computer-Assisted
Instruction (cont'd)
• C a m p b e l l , L. (Carleton Univ.)
• Hawkes, B.
(Mount A. Univ.)
• L a u , H . (Univ. Calgary)
1400 h
1500 h
1600 h
CAP Council Meeting
(Old and New)
Réunion du conseil
(ancien et nouveau)
CAP ANNUAL GENERAL
MEETING
(1530 h - 1600 h start)
RÉUNION ANNUELLe
GÉNÉRALE DE L 'ACP
(commence
1530h-16h00l
TOWNHALL MEETING II
re Review of Physics
(CAP Program with NSERC)
SESSION GÉNÉRALE II
Revue de la physique
(programme avec la CNRSI)
TIME /
HEURE
SATURDAY, June 15/
le SAMEDI 15 juin
SUNDAY, June 16/
le DIMANCHE 16 juin
MONDAY, June 17/
le LUNDI 17 juin
1630 h
Women in Physics Cttee /
Comité des physiciennes
1700 h
POSTER AND BEER SESSION
/ SESSION D'AFFICHES
AVEC LA BIÈRE
TUESDAY, June 18/
le MARDI 18 juin
WEDNESDAY, June 19/
le MERCREDI 19 juin
(OLLRC, NRC, NOI)
Invited posters from companies
posing real-world problems for
physicists.
1800 h
TOWN HALL MEETINGS I
Re Review of Physics
(CAP Program with NSERC)
SESSION GÉNÉRALE I
Revue de la physique
(programme avec la CNRSI)
RECEPTION
1900 h
1930 h
OPENING SPEAKER /
SESSION PUBLIQUE
(J. Maddox,
former editor of Nature)
CJP Ed'l Board Meeting
Cryogenic Cabaret by
Marcel Leblanc
CAP BANQUET ACP
Grand Hall, Museum of
Civilization, Hull, Quebec
2000 h
CAP Council Meeting
(New and Old)
Réunion du conseil
1nouveau et ancien)
2030 h
OPENING RECEPTION /
RÉCEPTION D'OUVERTURE
• confirmed/confr/mé
o unconfirmed//7on-co/i///77?é
- invited speaker not yet identified for subject matter listed /pas de conférencier invité encore identifié pour le sujet inscrit
CAP96 INVITED SPEAKERS -- See Program Outline for List of Sessions/Speakers
CONFÉRENCIERS INVITÉS CAP96 -- Voir programme des sessions pour la liste des sessions/conférenciers
Photosensitivity in silica glasses due to ion implantation
ALBERT, J .
Communications
BECK, D.H.
University of
Research
Centre
The Proton in a Strange Light
Illinois
??
BHADRA, S . *
York University
BOEUF, J - P . '
Université Paul Sabatier,
Simulation of Low Temperature Non Equilibrium Plasmas: Examples of
Applications to Plasma Processing, Dusty Plasmas find Ion Sources
France
Plasma Technology and its Application in Material Frocessing
B0UL0S, M.I.*
Université de
Sherbrooke
BRASH, E.J.
University of Regina/Rutgers
University
The CEBAF Physics Program and the Interface between Nuclear and
Particle Physics
CATaMac: A Computer Tutorial/Testing System
CAMPBELL, L.
Carle ton
University
??
CASTEL, B . '
Queen's
University
CHAKER, M . *
INRS-Energie
Magnetoplasma Studies for Sub-micron Plasma Etching Applications
et
Matériaux
CHARBONNEAU, S.
National Research
Quantum-well Mixing for Opto-Electronic Applications
Council
Excitation and Engineering of Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates
CLARK, C.W.»
National Institute
of Standards
and
Technology
DEMERS, Y . *
M PB
Technologies/CCFM
HF Power in Tokamak Plasmas
DIETRICH, P.*
Free University
Two-electron Dissociative Ionization of H 2 in 10>wrr Light
of Berlin
DYKAAR, D.R.*
AT&T Bell
Generation and Propagation of Ultrashort Electrical Pulses
??
EHRLICH, B.*
George Mason
University
FEENSTRA, R . M . *
Carnegie Mellon
University
Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ol Semiconductor
Heterostructures
FELDMAN, L.C.
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Advances in Thin Film Dielectrics for Silicon Technology
FORTIN, E.
University of
Ottawa
Evidence for Bose-Einstein Condensation in Transport Measurements of
Excitons
FREEMAN, M .
University of
Alberta
Picosecond Time-resolved Scanning Microscopy of Magnetic Systems
FRIEDRICH, B.*
Harvard
University
GAGNÉ, M.C.
National Research
GA0, Y.L.*
University of
Aligning and Trapping of Molecules in Strong Infrared Fields
Council
Rochester
Experiments w i t h Cesium A t m o s in a Magneto-Optical Trap
Ultrafast Electron Dynamics at Metal Surfaces
GASCON, J . *
Université de
??
Montréal
GRIFFIN, A . '
University of
GU, B.*
Lumonics
The Low Density Surface Region of Superfluid He as a Dilute BoseCondensed Gas
Toronto
Industrial Applications of Lasers
Inc.
HAWKES, B.*
Mount Allison
??
University
HEINRICH, B.
Simon Fraser
The Role of Interfaces in the Magnetic Behavior of Ultra-thin
Magnetic Metallic Structures
University
HELLER, E.
Harvard
??
HOLSTEIN, B.R.
University of
Low Energy Tests of QCD
Massachusetts
HUTCHEON, D.
TRIUMF
Experiments to Test Chiral Perturbation Theory
I V A N 0 V , M.
National Research
Multielectron Dissociative Ionization of Molecules in Intense Laser
Fields
Council
JACKSON, P.
TRIUMF
JOHN, S . *
University
From TISOL to ISAC: Radioactive Beams at TRIUMF
Photonic Band-Gap Materials: A New Frontier in Quantum Optics
of
Toronto
JOHNSTON, T . W . / VIDAL, F.
INRS-Energie et Matériaux
Self-focusing Light Beams in Plasmas and the Nonlinear Schrodinger
Models
JURY, J . «
Trent
University
Deciphering Correlations of Nucléons in Nuclei w i t h an EM Probe
KALYNIAK, P.
Carleton
University
Probing High Masses at Weak Scale Energies:
KETTERLE, W . *
Massachusetts
KING, J.D.
University
of
??
Institute
of
Technology
The Use of Radioactive Decay to Solve a Nuclear Reaction Problem in
Stellar Evolution
Toronto
KIRCZENOW, GEORGE
Simon Fraser
University
KLEPPNER, D . *
Massachusetts
Neutral Heavy Leptons
Energy Level Locking:
A Novel Phenomenon in Quantum Conductors
The Quest for Bose-Einstein Condensation of A t o m s
Institute
of
Technology
KRUZELECKY, R . V . *
MPB
Technologies
Harnessing ECR Plasma Discharges for Commercial Applications
LACOURSIÈRE, J .
Université Lava/
Pump-Probe Experiments using Laser and Synchrotron Radiation
LAGENDIJK, A. *
Zeeman
Laboratorium
Photon Diffusion and Coherent Backscattering
LAU, H.
University
Computer Assisted Learning in Physics - A n Assessment
of
Calgary
LAWANDY, N . M . *
Brown
University
Physics and Applications of Laser Action in Amplifying Disordered Media
LEFE8VRE, M.
University of
The Physics Discovery Potential of ATLAS at the LHC
Victoria
LOWNDES, D . H . *
Oak Ridge National
Growth and Doping of Compound Semiconductors by Pulsed Laser
Ablation
Labs
MADDOX, J . *
Former Editor of NA TURE
??
MADEJ, A . A .
National Research
Single Ions and Ultra-Stable Lasers: Precision Measurements at Visible
Optical Frequencies
Council
MARCHAND, R. / SIMARD, M . *
CCFM
Modeling Complex Plasma Phenomena in Realistic Geometries
MCKELLAR, R.
National Research
Spectra of Very Weakly-Bound Molecules: H o w Do We Observe Them,
A n d What Do They Tell Us?
MILLER, ANDY
TRIUMF/U. of
Council
HERMES: A W i n d o w on the Spin Content of the Nucléon
Alberta
MITCHELL, I.V.
University of Western
MYSLINSKI, P.*
National Research
Ion Beam Mixing of Compound Semiconductor Heterostructures
Ontario
Fiber Lasers
Council
NELSON, K.A./WEFERS. M.
Massachusetts
Institute of
NICOL, E.
University
Single and Multiple Femtosecond Spectroscopy of End Control Over
Molecules and Materials
Technology
Anisotropic Optical Properties in a d + s - w a v e Superconductor
of
Guelph
NOVAK, G.*
University of
Indiana
??
O'DONNELL, P.
University of Toronto
MAPLE in the Classroom
ORR, R.
University
Proton Structure Functions from Zeus
of
Toronto
Tokamak Dimensioning
PACHER, G . W . *
CCFM
Ballistic and Diffusive Propagation of Sound in Strongly Scattering Media
PAGE, J . H . *
University of
Manitoba
PAGE, S.
University
Manitoba
The TRIUMF Parity Violation Experiment: "10~ 8 or Bust"
of
PINFOLD, J . "
University of
??
Alberta
POLMAN, A.
Institute for Atomic
Ion beam synthesis of opto-electronic materials
and Molecular
Physics,
Amsterdam
RAGAN, K.
McGill
University
The Standard Model and Beyond w i t h CDF
RANCOURT, D.G.
Mechanisms, at synthesis, for Inter-layer Lattice M«itching in Layer
Silicates
REDLINGER, G.
TRIUMF
The Search for the Rare Decay K* -* 77* v v
REEDYK, M .
Brock
University
Optical Properties of Pb 2 Sr 2 RCu 3 0
REID, J . #
Lumonics
Lasers
Inc.
ROORDA, S . *
Université de
M o m e n t u m Transfer and Melting During Ion Implantation
Montréal
ROOT, J .
AECL, Chalk River Labs
Neutron Diffraction - A Versatile Tool for Materials Characterization
ROSS, G.'
INRS-Energie
Modification of Surface Properties of Materials by Plasmas
et
Matériaux
RZAZEWSKI, K . *
Center for Theoretical
SAVARD, P.
Université de
Physics,
SINGH, M.
Queen's
Coulomb Explosions of Molecules in Strong Laser Fields: A ThomasFermi Approach
Current Physics Simulations and Detector Optimization in ATLAS
Montréal
SCHOLL, T.J.
University of Western
SHENG, P . * *
Hong Kong
Poland
Precision Lifetime Measurements
Ontario
Wave Velocities in Strongly Scattering Media
University
Strain Energy Effects in the Microdomain Ordering Process of Diblock
Copolymers
University
SPIELMANN, C . '
Technical University
Ten Femtosecond Lasers
of
Vienna
STANGEBY, P.*
UTIAS
Introduction to the Edge Physics of Tokamaks
STANSFIELD, B. '
CCFM
Tokamak Edge and Divertor Physics - Experimental Results
STERNIN, E. *
Brock
University
??
TOME, C. / CHRISTODOULOU, N.*
AECL, Whiteshell Labs.
Physical Principles for Modelling Deformation of Materials
VILLENEUVE, D.
National Research
Can an A t o m be in T w o Places at Once? Collapse and Revival of a
Molecular Wavepacket
Council
VILLENEUVE, P.*
Massachusetts
Institute
of
Technology
VIRTUE, C.J.
Laurentian
University
W A N G , G-C.*
Rensselaer Polytechnic
Mode S y m m e t r y , Tunability, and
SNO - The Physics Issues
When a Si Surface Gets Rough ...
Institute
WARD, D.
AECL, Chalk River Labs
WEFERS, M . *
Massachusetts
Defect Modes in Photonic Crystals:
Coupling Efficiency
Hyperdeformation in Atomic Nuclei
Optical Pulse Shaping
Institute
of
Technology
WEITZ, D . A . *
Exxon Research
Diffusing Wave Spectroscopy
WIDROW, L.
Queen's
University
Dark Matter and Large Scale Structure of the Universe
WILLIAMS, R.
National Research
Strained Layer Optical Devices
Council
Medical Applications of Diffusing Light
WILSON, B . '
Ontario Cancer
Institute
WORSWICK, M . *
Carieton
University
Finite Element Analysis of Materials Processing
WRIGHT, J . *
Carieton
University
Exchange Reactions w i t h Trapped Molecules
XIAO, C . *
University
Compact Torus Injection Experiments on the STOR-M Tokamak
of
Saskatchewan
YABLONOVITCH, E . * *
University of California
Photonic Band-Gap Crystals
YUE, S.*
McGill
University
The Mechanisms of Phase Transformation in Steel
YOUNG, J . F . *
University of British
ZETNER, P.
University of
Photonic Band-Gap Structures in Infrared Waveguides
Columbia
Superelastic Electron Scattering from Laser-Excited Barium
Manitoba
ZHITNITSKY, E.
University of British
Constituent Quark Model versus Nonperturbative QCD
Columbia
title confirmation from author not yet received//* confirmation du titre n'a pas encore été reçu de l'auteur
confirmetion of participetion as invited speaker not yet received//* confirmation
de la participation
comme
conférencier
invité n'a pas encore
été
reçu
DEADLINE FOR CONTRIBUTED ABSTRACTS is 1996 March 15.
LE 15 MARS 1 9 9 6 EST LA DATE LIMITE POUR LES RÉSUMÉS CONTRIBUÉS.
FUTURE CAP CONGRESSES / LES CONGRES DE L'ACP DANS L'AVENIR
The CAP is pleased to announce that the 1997 Congress will be held at the University of Calgary from
1997 June 8-11. I L'ACP est heureuse d'annoncer que le Congrès 1997 aura Heu à l'Université de Calgary du
8 au 11 juin 1997.
The 1998 Annual Congress will be held at the University of Waterloo from 1998 June 7-10 (tentative dates).
/ Le Congrès 1998 aura lieu à l'Université de Waterloo du 7 au 10 juin 1998 (dates non-confirmées).
We are looking for potential hosts for 1999 and beyond. / L'ACP cherche des hôtes pour le Congrès 1.999 et après.
Any universities interested in hosting a CAP Annual Congress can send a letter of interest to the CAP Office,
Suite 903, 151 Slater Street, Ottawa, ON, K1P 5H3. The letter should include an indication of what year
you are interested in, keeping in mind that the Congress travels Central-East-Central-West.
Les universités qui sont intéressées à accueillir le Congrès annuel de l'ACP peuvent envoyer une lettre à l'ACP,
151 rue Slater, Bureau 903, Ottawa, ON, KIP 5H3. SVP mentionnez l'année que vous aimeriez le Congrès:
n'oubliez pas que le Congrès se déplace au Canada de la manière suivante: centre - est - centre - ouest.
Call for Abstracts
Appel de Résumés
1 9 9 6 C A P Congress
Congrès A C P 1 9 9 6
C o n t r i b u t e d papers m a y be presented in Poster or
Sessions. See poster instructions attached.
Oral
Les c o m m u n i c a t i o n s seront présentées soit dans des séances
de d é m o n s t r a t i o n ou d'exposés.
Voir les instructions
attachées.
RULES ON A B S T R A C T S
RÈGLES DE PRÉSENTATION
1. A participant usually is permitted to present orally only one
c o n t r i b u t e d paper.
1. Normalement, un participant ne peut présenter oralement
q u ' u n e seule c o m m u n i c a t i o n .
2. The abstract m u s t be one paragraph, single spaced, and
t y p e d t o fit into an area 1 2 . 0 c m w i d e and 1 0 . 5 c m long.
Blank f o r m s have been provided at the center of this issue.
Further sheets are available at the CAP office or an
identical sheet in w h i c h the center frame is d r a w n w i t h an
Eagle Sky Blue 74054 pencil can be prepared locally, using
a g o o d quality w h i t e paper.
2. Le
résumé
doit
comporter
un
seul
paragraphe
dactylographié à simple intervalle, limité à 1 2 . 0 c m de
largeur et 1 0 . 5 c m de hauteur. Utiliser les formulaires
ci-inclus. Des copies supplémentaires sont disponibles au
secrétariat de l ' A C P ou encore faire des formulaires
identiques sur papier blanc de bonne qualité en traçant le
cadre au crayon bleu Eagle " S k y Blue" 740V4.
3. Indent the first line 8 spaces, to a l l o w for a program
number to be inserted later. Start w i t h the title, capitalize
the first letters of i m p o r t a n t w o r d s , and bold. Next, type
the author(s) name(s) in regular print. Follow w i t h the
name of the a u t h o r ' s professional affiliation in italics, w i t h
initial letters capitalized. Leave five spaces and then begin
the text.
3. Sur la première ligne, après 8 espaces laissés libres pour
l'insertion ultérieure d ' u n n u m é r o , on doit inscrire et
souligner le titre en écrivant la première lettre des m o t s
importants en majuscule. Ensuite, en majuscules, le(s)
nom(s) d'auteur(s). Puis inscrire et souligner le n o m abrégé
de l ' i n s t i t u t i o n (seule la première lettre en majuscule). Le
texte doit suivre i m m é d i a t e m e n t sans aller à la ligne mais
après un tiret.
4. Leave one blank line b e t w e e n the text and the footnotes.
For the title and byline use the superscript symbols ('), for
the text, the superscript numerals ( 2 ).
4. Laisser en blanc l'espace d ' u n e ligne entre le texte et les
renvois. Pour la disposition des renvois dans l'entête,
utiliser ('), et dans le texte utiliser ( 2 ).
5. Bold the name of the presenter and ensure his/her
complete mailing address is indicated at the b o t t o m of the
page.
5. Souligner le n o m du présentateur et s'assurer que son
adresse postale complète est indiquée au bas de la page.
6. Indicate on the abstract the appropriate subject index
according to the list a c c o m p a n y i n g these instructions. If
applicable, also indicate appropriate session headings for
your paper.
6. Indiquer sur la feuille du résumé, la cote appropriée se
rapportant au sujet, telle que donnée dans la liste qui
accompagne ces règles de présentation.
Si jugé
nécessaire, indiquer aussi la séance appropriée pour votre
communication.
7. Overhead projectors w i l l be provided w h e r e appropriate,
unless a special request is made. This and any other
request should be indicated on the abstract.
7. Des rétroprojecteurs seront disponibles le cas échéant, à
moins que le besoin d ' u n autre f o r m a t soit expressément
indiqué sur la feuille du résumé.
8. S u b m i t the abstract in triplicate. All instructions m u s t be
on the abstract; do not send an a c c o m p a n y i n g letter.
8. On doit fournir 3 exemplaires de chaque résumé. Toutes
les instructions doivent être sur la feuille du résumé.
N'envoyer aucune lettre pour accompagner celui-ci.
9. Failure to c o m p l y w i t h these instructions is likely to result
in the exclusion of your abstract.
9. Les résumés ne se c o n f o r m a n t pas à ces règles
présentation pourront être exclus du programme.
A b s t r a c t s m u s t be in the CAP Office
by the Deadline Date:
March 15, 1 9 9 6
Date limite pour réception des résumés
au bureau de l ' A C P :
le 15 mars 1 9 9 6
Send abstracts to:/Envoyer les résumés à:
B.E. Robertson
Program Chairman/Président du programme
1 9 9 6 CAP Congress/Congrès ACP 1 9 9 6
151 Slater Street, Suite 9 0 3
O t t a w a , Ontario K1P 5H3
de
SUBJECT INDEX FOR A B S T R A C T S
COTE DU SUJET DES RÉSUMÉS
DCMP
1. Biophysics
2. Disorder and Composites
3. Electronic Structure of Solids
4. Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques
5. Fluids
(a) General (b) Quantum Fluids (c) Classical Fluids
6. Fullerenes
7. Glassy and Amorphous Systems
8. Highly Correlated Systems
9. Layered Systems
10. Magnetism
11. Materials Science
12. Mesoscopic Systems
13. Metal-Insulator Transition
14. Microelectronics/Device Physics
15. Nonlinear Phenomena
16. Optical Properties of Solids
17. Phase Transitions
18. Phonons
19. Quasicrystals
20. Soft Matter
(a) Liquid Crystals (b) Membranes and Lipids
(c) Polymers
21. Semiconductors
(a) Bulk (b) Defects (c) Heterostructures
(d) Superlattices
22. Superconductors
(a) Materials (b) Theory (c) Charge Properties
(d) Lattice Properties (e) Spin Properties
23. Surfaces
24. Thin Films
25. X-ray and Neutron Scattering
26. DCMP Sunday Symposium
PPD
27. Nuclear Astrophysics
28. Lattice Dynamics
29. Particle Physics Experiment
30. Particle Physics Theory
31. Theoretical Physics
32. Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques
33. Institute of Particle Physics Town Meeting
DNP
34. Astrophysics
35. Nuclear Fission and Photonuclear Reactions
36. Nuclear Structure
37. Nuclear Reactions and Scattering
DOP
38. Optics and Lasers
DPP
39. Fluid Dynamics
40. Plasma Physics, X-ray lasers
41. Fusion technology
42. DPP Sunday Symposium
DIAP
43. Industrial Physics and application of physical
techniques
DPE
44. Education and training
DSS
45. Surface Science
DASP
46. Atmospheric and Space Physics (Poster only)
DAMP
47. Electronic Structure of Atoms and Molecules: Theory
48. Atomic Spectra and Interactions with Photons
49. Molecular Spectra and Interactions with Photons
50 Atomic and Molecular Collision Processes and
Interactions
51. Experimentally-derived Information on Atoms and
Molecules
52. Studies of Special Atoms and Molecules
DCMP
1. Biophysique
2. Désordre et matériaux non-cristallins
3. Structure électronique des solides
4. Instrumentation et techniques expérimentales
5. Fluides
(a) Général (b) Fluides quantiques (c) Fluides classiques
6. Fullerènes
7. Systèmes vitreux et amorphes
8. Systèmes à hautes corrélation
9. Systèmes en couches
10. Magnétisme
11. Sciences des matériaux
12. Systèmes mésoscopiques
13. Transition métal-isolant
14. Microélectronique/Physique des dispositifs
15. Phénomèes non-linéaires
16. Propriétés optiques des solides
17. Transitions de base
18. Phonons
19. Quasi-cristaux
20. Matière condensée molle
(a) Cristaux liquides (b) Membranes et lipides
(c) Polymères
21. Semiconducteurs
(a) Matériau massif (b) Défauts (c) Hétérostructures
(d) Superréseaux
22. Supraconducteurs
(a) Matériaux (b) Théorie (c) Propriétés de charge
(d) Propriétés du réseau (e) Propriétés du spin
23. Surfaces
24. Couches minces
25. Rayons X et diffusion de neutrons
26. Colloque du dimanche de la DCMP
PPD
27. Astrophysique nucléaire
28. Dynamiques des réseaux
29. Physique des particules élémentaires (experimentale)
30. Physique des particules élémentaires (théorie)
31. Physique théorique
32. Instrumentation et techniques expérimentales
33. Réunion de l'IPP
DNP
34. Astrophysique
35. Fission et réactions photonucléaires
36. Structure nucléaire
37. Réactions et diffusion nucléaires
DOP
38. Optique et lasers
DPP
39. Dynamique des fluides
40. Physique des plasmas, les lasers à rayons X
41. Technologie de la fusion
42. Colloque du dimanche de la DPP
DIAP
43. Physique industrielle et appliquée
DPE
44. Enseignement
DSS
45. Science des surfaces
DASP
46. Aéronomie et physique de l'espace (affiche se ulement)
DAMP
47. Structure électronique des atomes et molécules : Théorie
48. Spectres atomiques et interactions avec les p hotons
49. Spectres moléculaires et interactions avec les photons
50. Mécanismes de collision et d'interaction atom iques et
moléculaires
51. Information déduite d'expériences sur les atomes et
molécules
52. Études d'atomes et de molécules exotiques
Congrès ACP 9 6 CAP Congress
Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario,
June 16-19 juin 1996
Subject index
Cote du sujet
(see attached)
(voir p. jointe)
OR
OU
Appropriate Session Heading:
Session appropriée :
1. 13
1.
2.
2.
I prefer an ORAL session.
Je préfère
la forme
D'AFFICHE.
S A M P L E
E X E M P L E
Intense Field Molecular Ionization - A Classical
Approach. D.M. Villeneuve, M. Yu Ivanov", and
P.B. Corkum, National Research Council.
Atomic
ionization in intense laser fields is well understood. For
diatomic molecules at small internuclear separations,
the inclusion of the molecular polarizability provides an
accurate description of the ionization process b . It is
shown quantum mechnically that, at internuclear
separations of about 4Â, the ionization rate is
dramatically enhanced by orders of magnitude. A
purely classical model of the electron motion in the selfconsistent field also predicts such an enhancement.
The classical model is easily extended to large molecular
systems, where no quantum mechanical treatment is
tractable, and provides more physical insight into the
ionization process.
*
Université de Sherbrooke.
b
D.M. Villeneuve et al, Can. J. Physics 6, 3 2 3 3 ( 1 9 8 8 ) .
S A M P L E
Name, address, telephone, fax, and e-mail
of submitter / Nom, adresse, numéros de
téléphone
et télécopieur
du proposant:
E X E M P L E
Special requirements
I will need a VCR and a
television monitor.
David Villeneuve
National Research Council
1500 Montreal Road
Ottawa ON
K1A 0R6
Tel:
(613)
993-9975
Fax:
(613)
952-9710
E-mail: [email protected]
Name of Presenter (if different from submitter):
Nom du présentateur
(si différent
du proposant):
Signature :
/ Équipement
Bob
Smith
spécial:
large-screen
Instructions and Arrangements for Poster Presentation
Posters will be organized into sections by subject area and will be located in
areas adjacent to the meeting rooms. All posters will be displayed throughout
the entire congress, w i t h all authors attendant on Monday evening from
1800 h to 2 1 0 0 h. Authors are urged to have their material mounted as early
as possible Sunday evening. All material must be removed from the boards
by 5 : 0 0 p.m. on Wednesday.
The title of the paper, the author(s)' names, and their affiliation(s) should be
displayed clearly in lettering at least 2 cm high. Poster material should be
readable from a distance of 1.5 m. Brief texts and concise diagrams are
recommended.
Lengthy texts in standard typescript should be avoided.
Details are best left for the individual discussions that the poster material will
initiate.
Further details will be sent to authors with the acknowledgement of their
abstract.
Instructions et renseignements concernant les présentations
Réparties en sections par sujet, les présentations seront installées à côté des
salles de réunion. Elles resteront en place toute la durée du congrès, mais
tous les auteurs seront présents le lundi soir de 18 à 21 h. Les auteurs sont
invités à installer leur présentation le plus tôt possible le dimanche soir. Les
panneaux devront être entièrement libérés à 17 h le mercredi.
Le titre de la présentation, le nom des auteurs et leur affiliation doivent
apparaître clairement en lettres d'au moins 2 cm. La présentation doit être
lisible à 1,5 m. On recommende des textes courts et des diagrammes concis.
Évitez les longs textes dactylographiés en caractères ordinaires. Il vaut mieux
fournir des détails lors des discussions individuelles suscitées par le panneau.
Des renseignements supplémentaires vous parviendront avec l'accusé de
réception de votre résumé.
If sent by hard copy: The original and t w o copies of the abstract should be sent, by March 1 5 , 1 9 9 6 , to:
B.E. Robertson, Program Chairman
1996 CAP Congress
Suite 903, 151 Slater Street
OTTAWA ON K1P 5H3
Templates in LaTex, Wordperfect and MSWord will be available at http::\www.uottawa.ca. Completed
LaTex files can be sent by e-mail to "[email protected]" or to "[email protected]".
Pour les résumés dactylographiés, l'original du résumé, plus deux copies, doivent être envoyés avant le 1 5
mars 1996 à:
B.E. Robertson, Président du programme
Congrès ACP 1 996
Bureau 903, 151 rue Slater
Ottawa ON K1P 5H3
Un format du résumé en TEX, Wordperfect et MSWord sera disponible à http::\www.uottawa.ca. Les
résumés en format Tex peuvent être envoyés par courrier électronique à "[email protected]"
ou à "[email protected]".
Ottawa, Ontario, June 16-19 juin 1996
Subject index
Cote du sujet
(see attached)
(voir p. jointe)
OR
OU
Session
appropriée:
1.
2.
I prefer to present my paper in a poster • or an oral • session.
Je préfère présenter ma communication
sous forme d'affiche • ou d'exposé
•.
Please enter in the Lumonics competition: extended abstract attached • to follow •
Veuillez m'inscrire à la compétition Lumonics: résumé détaillé ci-joint • à suivre •
téléphone et télécopieur du proposant:
Special requirements / Équipement
Tel:
Fax:
E-mail :
Name of Presenter (if different from submitter)
(si différent du proposant).
Signature :
spécial :
Ottawa, Ontario, June 16-19 juin 1996
Subject index
Cote du sujet
(see attached)
(voir p. jointe)
OR
OU
Session
appropriée:
1.
2.
I prefer to present my paper in a poster • or an oral • session.
Je préfère présenter ma communication
sous forme d'affiche 0 ou d'exposé
0.
Please enter in the Lumonics competition: extended abstract attached • to follow •
Veuillez m'inscrire
à la compétition Lumonics: résumé détaillé ci-joint • à suivre •
téléphone et télécopieur
du proposant:
Special requirements / Équipement
Tel:
Fax :
E-mail:
Name of Presenter (if different from submitter)
(si différent du proposant)
Signature :
spécial:
If sent by hard copy: The original and t w o copies of the abstract should be sent, by March 1 5 , 1 9 9 6 , to:
B.E. Robertson, Program Chairman
1996 CAP Congress
Suite 903, 151 Slater Street
OTTAWA ON K 1 P 5 H 3
Templates in LaTex, Wordperfect and MSWord will be available at http::\www.uottawa.ca. Completed
LaTex files can be sent by e-mail to "[email protected]" or to "[email protected]:arleton.ca".
Pour les résumés dactylographiés, l'original du résumé, plus deux copies, doivent être envoyés avant le 15
mars 1996 à:
B.E. Robertson, Président du programme
Congrès ACP 1996
Bureau 903, 151 rue Slater
Ottawa ON K 1 P 5 H 3
Un format du résumé en TEX, Wordperfect et MSWord sera disponible à http::\www.uottawa.ca. Les
résumés en format Tex peuvent être envoyés par courrier électronique à "[email protected]"
ou à "[email protected]".
For/Pour
Pour
TRAVEL RENSEIGNEMENTS
ARRANGEMENTS TRANSPORT
to
à
1996 CAP Congress Congrès ACP 1996
CAP96
cal
CAP96
appelez
777 BYT OWN TRAVEL
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Call TOLL-FREE Appelez SANS FRAIS
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1996 CAP Congress / Congrès ACP 1996
CAP96
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1996 CAP CONGRESS
UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA, June 16-19, 1996
ADVANCE REGISTRATION
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Fax: _
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(Veuillez indiquer le montant dans la colonne appropriée. Tous les prix comprennent la TP!5)
Membres de l'ACP/APS/IOP et conférenciers invités
Non-Membres
Membres étudiants
Étudiants non membres
Enseignants: écoles secondaires et cégeps
Enseignants non membres: éc. sec. et cégeps
Retraités
Inscription d'un jour I | dim., I )lun„ | |m«r., ( |mer.
Inscription anticipée
245.00
315.00
60.00
75.00
60.00
75.00
115.00
145.00/jour
Après le 1" mai 1996
295.00
365.00
75.00
90.00
75.00
90.00
150.00
175.00/jour
Montant
OPTIONS (non comprises dans les frais d'inscription)
LES VISITES INDUSTRIELLES: Tour A ( ), Tour B ( ), Tour C ( ), Tour D ( )
Frais: 32,50$/un tour; 60,00$/deux tours
BANQUET (18 juin): j'inclus 40,00$/personne (TPS de 7% incl.) pour réserver
(endroit: Musée canadien des civilisations à Hull, Québec)
place(s)
Restrictions alimentaires:
MONTANT TOTAL INCLUS:
Règlement fait par:
Numéro de la carte:
Signature:
( ) chèque libellé à l'ordre de'Université d'Ottawa for CAP 1996'
( (VISA
( ) Mastercard
Date d'expiration:
Date de déliverance (Mastercard):
Prière de remplir ce formulaire et de le retourner avec vos frais d'inscription avant le 1 er mai 1996 à:
M. R. Hodgson
Congrès ACP Inscription
Université d'Ottawa
Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1N 6N5
Tél: (613) 562-5800 ext. 6750; Téléc.: (613) 562-5190; Cour-élec.: [email protected]
1996 CAP CONGRESS / CONGRÈS DE L'ACP 1996
Ottawa, Ontario, 1996 June 16 - 19
ON-CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION / HÉBERGEMENT SUR LE CAMPUS
(Available from Saturday, June 15 / Disponible à partir de samedi, le 15 juin)
Heure d'arrivée / Check-in:
Heure d e d é p a r t / Check-out:
16 h 30 / 4:30 p.m.
10 h 30 / 10:30 a.m.
TAUX / RATES
Cochez, s.v.p. / Please check.
Adulte / Adult
# de personnes / of persons:
Simple / Single:
#
Lits j u m e a u x / Twin beds: #
Étudiant(e) / Student •
simple / single
•
$32
•
$20.50
lits jumeaux /
twin beds
•
$39.50
•
$35
Nom d e la personne qui partage. / Name of person sharing:
etudlant(e) /student
•
TAXES NON-INCLUSES / TAXES NOT INCLUDED
Comptes séparés / Separate accounts:
oui / yes
non / no
' Carte étudiante valide requise à l'arrivée. /
Valid student I.D. c a r d is required u p o n arrival.
•
•
USAGE DU BUREAU SEULEMENT / FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
# Pers.
#S
#D
Partagé
Comptes sép. O n
Annual Congress of the Canadian Association of Physicists
JN15-96-32111
Adresse / Address:
Tel.: R/H
B/O
Besoins spéciaux ? / Any special needs ?
Toute d e m a n d e doit être reçue avant: /
Request must be received no later than
/_Q5 / 1 5
A/Y
M/M
J/D
Si vous désirez faire une réservation, veuillez compléter le
formulaire au-dessus et le retourner à l'adresse suivante:
Université d'Ottawa
Service de logement
100 Thomas More
Ottawa, Ontario
KIN 6N5
_
/
M/M
_
J/D
départ / departure
_
A/Y
/
_
M/M
/
_
J/0
ACOMPTE / DEPOSIT
#C:
# R:
Rm # :
Pour garantir votre réservation, le tarif d'une nuit
d'hébergement doit être p a y é à l'avance. /
To guarantee your reservation, o n e night's
a c c o m m o d a t i o n must be p a i d in a d v a n c e .
Cochez s.v.p. / Please check.
1—| c h è q u e ci-joint / c h e c k enclosed
1 l carte de crédit / credit c a r d
•
VISA
•
MASTERCARD
Exp.. Date exp.
/
/
For a reservation, please complete the information
above and return this form to:
Housing Services
100 Thomas More
Ottawa, Ontario
KIN 6N5
Pour de plus ample renseignements: / For further information:
(Avant le 7 mai / Prior to May 7)
(Du 6 mai au 23 août / From May 6 to August 23)
Dépôt
RESERVATION
arrivée / arrival
•
Code Postal Code:
Éfudiant(e) Q
DATES
_
/
A/V
Nom / Name:
N Q Adull(e) •
Composez / Dial:
Télécopieur / Fax:
(613) 562-5771
(613) 562-5157
Composez / Dial:
(613) 564-5400
Télécopieur / Fax:
(613) 562-5109
1996 CAP CONGRESS / CONGRÈS DE L'ACP 1996
Ottawa, Ontario, June 16-19, 1996
OFF-CAMPUS ACCOMMODATION / HÉBERGEMENT HORS CAMPUS
Mr/Mrs/Dr
M./Mme/Dr.
Address /Adresse
Telephone/Téléphone
Office/Bureau
Home/Domicile
Name of Accompanying Person(s):
Nom de la Ides) personne(s) puipartagera (ont) la chambre:
LORD ELGIN HOTEL
100 Elgin Boulevard
Ottawa, Ontario KIP 5K8
Tel: (613) 235-3333
Fax: (613) 235-3223
Toll Free/sans frais: 1-800-267-4298
COST / COÛT
Single/Simple $82 + 5% hotel lax/taxe d'hôtel + 7% GST/TPS per night/jour
Double/Double $82 + 5% hotel tax/taxe d'hôtel + 7% GST/TPS per night/)o«r
QUALITY HOTEL
290 Rideau Street
Ottawa, Ontario KIN 5Y3
Tel: (613) 789-7511
Fax: (613) 789-2434
Toll Free: 1-800-228-5151
COST / COÛT
Single/Simple $78 + 5% hotel tax/taxe d'hôtel + 7% G ST/TPS per night/jour
Double/Double $78 + 5% hotel tax/taxe d'hôtel + 7% GST/TPS per night/jour
Maximum of 4 people per room / maximum de 4 personnes par chambre
Please reserve your rooms by 1996 May 15 and return this form to CAP Congress Registration for information only.
Prière de réserver avant le 15 mai 1996 et renvoyer ce formulaire à CAP Congress Registration oour information
seulement.
/ have made my reservation ( ) directly with the hotel ( ) through the official travel agent ( ) other
J'ai fait mes réservations ( ) directement à l'hôtel
f ) par l'agent de voyage officiel
( J autre
at /au:
Date/Time of arrivai:
Date et heure d'arrivée:
Flight/ Vol-.
Date of departure:
Date de départ:
I
h~
^ ^ —
""'I»?»» y
DOWNTOWN OTTAWA
j
VI.-A
mMMâ
CENTRE DES SCIENCES DE LA SANTÉ
HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE
llllllllllllllll
Accès aux stationnements seul.
Access to parking only
•>>>>>/>> Véhicules d'urgence seul.
Emergency vehicles only
^ Bâtiment accessible
w
Accessible Building
BRS pavillon Brooks Hall
100 Thomas More
CBY pavillon Colonel By Hall
161 Louis Pasteur
CUB Cube
160 Louis Pasteur
De Celles pavillon Mon'jww Hall
125 Université
DRO pavillon O'Iario Hail
10 Marie Curie
FTX pavillon Fauteux Hall
57 Louis Pasteur
GNN pavillon Gendron Haii
30 Marie Curie
HGN pavillon Hagen Hall
115 Séraphin Marion
JJL 140 Jean Jacques Lussier
KED 585 King Edward
LMX pavillon Lamoureux Hall
145 Jean Jacques Lussier
LPR 129 Louis Pasteur
LRR 100 Laurier E
MCD pavillon McDonald Hall
150 Louis Pasteur
MCE 100 Marie Curie
MNN 33 Mann
M NT pavillon Montpetit Hall
125 Université
mRn pavillon Marion Hall
140 Louis Pasteur
MRT pavillon Morisset Hall
65 Université
P
141 Louis Pasteur
STT
POR Portatives/Portables
SWT
TBT
150 Université
PRZ pavillon Pérez Hall
UCU
50 Université
R
Résidences/Residences
R-1 Marchand R-2 Stanton
R-3 Thompson ft-4 Lebianc VCîi
RGN pavillon Roger-Guindon Hall
VNR
451 SmyUi
SMD pavillon Simard Hall
60 Université
SMN 133 Séraphin Marion
135 Séraphin Marion
SPU Université Saint-Paul
Saint Paul University, 133 Main
30 Stewart
1 Stewart
pavillon Tabaret Hall
550 Cumberland
Centre universitaire
University Centre
65 Université
pavilion Vachon ! la!!
50 Marie Curie
pavillon Vanier Hall
136 Jean Jacques Lussier
Autobus
Buses
_
Q g j Stationnement
"
Parking
Navette
Shuttle
A
w
Bateau de trottoir
Curbcut
®
Tours du campus
Campus Tours
Mail oiétonnier
Pedestrian Mall
•r
l errasse
Terrace
BEG 95.9/4M
Navette
Shuttle
Couloirintérieur
Interior corridor
Tunnel
O O O C D O Paramètres/Meters
100 Mar»Curi« • Caixa-LavaOée • Séraphin-Marion
1996 CAP Congress / Congrès ACP 1996
You are invited to attend the 51st Annual Congress of the Canadian
Association of Physicists to be held Sunday, June 16 through
Wednesday, June 19 at the University of Ottawa. The conference
opens on Sunday evening with a public lecture by Sir John Maddox,
the former editor of Nature magazine. This will be followed by a
welcome reception. The conference ends on Wednesday afternoon.
Symposia organized by the Division of Condensed Matter Physics and
the Division of Plasma Physics are planned for Sunday, June 16.
Vous êtes invités à participer au 51* congrès annuel de l'Association
canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes qui se tiendra du dimanche
16 juin au mercredi 19 juin à l'Université d'Ottawa. Une conférence
publique par Sir John Maddox, ancien rédacteur en chef de la revue
Nature, lancera le Congrès dimanche soir. Elle sera suivie d'une
réception de bienvenue. Le Congrès se terminera mercredi après-midi.
Les colloques organisés par la Division de la matière condensée et la
Division de la physique des plasmas auront lieu le dimanche 16 juin.
In order to avoid conflict with these symposia, the first joint meeting
of the Old and New Councils is scheduled for 2:00 p.m. on Saturday,
June 15. The registration desk will be available from 3:00 p.m. to
11:00 p.m. on Saturday, and 8:00 a.m. to 1 1:00 p.m. on Sunday.
Afin d'éviter des conflits d'horaire avec ces colloques, la première
réunion de l'ancien et du nouveau Conseil se déroulera le samedi 15
juin à 14 h. Le bureau d'inscription sera ouvert samedi de 15 h à
23 h et dimanche de 8 h à 23 h.
The Local Committee, chaired by Richard Hodgson, look forward to
welcoming you to the University of Ottawa and to the Nation's
capital.
Le comité organisateur local, présidé par Richard Hodgson, espère
bien vous souhaiter la bienvenue à l'Université d'Ottawa et dans la
capitale nationale.
PROGRAM
PROGRAMME
The program will include several keynote speakers, contributed
papers, a poster session, award lectures, and exhibits. The Annual
General meeting of the Association and a banquet at which awards
will be presented will also take place during the Congress.
Le programme comprendra des conférences spéciales, des
communications, une séance d'affiches, des conférences par les
lauréats et des exposants.
L'assemblée générale annuelle de
l'Association et un banquet avec la remise des prix auront également
lieu durant le Congrès.
A general outline of the program appears following this information.
A list of invited speakers will appear in the March/April issue of
Physics in Canada. The detailed conference program will be published
in the May/June issue of Physics in Canada. As information becomes
available, it will also be posted on the Congress Web page located at
http://www.physics.uottawa.ca.
Vous trouverez à la suite de ces informations un résumé du
programme. La liste des conférenciers invités paraîtra dans le numéro
de mars/avril de La Physique au Canada. Le programme détaillé de la
conférence sera publié dans le numéro de mai/juin de La Physique au
Canada. Lorsque de nouvelles informations seront disponibles, elles
seront
affichées
sur
la
page
Congrès
du
Web
à
http://www.physics.uottawa.ca.
Sunday, June 16
Public lecture by Sir John Maddox, "Where is Science Heading?", will
take place at 7:00 p.m., followed by the Welcome reception for all
Congress registrants. Two complementary beverages will be provided
by the CAP.
Le dimanche 16 juin
Une conférence publique par Sir John Maddox intitulée «Where is
Science Heading?» aura lieu à 19 h suivi d'une réception d'ouverture
pour toutes les personnes inscrites au Congrès. Deux boissons
gratuites seront offertes par l'ACP.
Monday, June 17
Beer and Poster Night in the University Centre (cash bar - beer only with one complementary serving of beer).
Le lundi 17 juin
La soirée bière et affiches au Centre universitaire (bar payant - bière
seulement - une bière offerte gratuitement).
Tuesday, June 18
Reception (cash bar, with one complementary beverage) followed by
the Conference banquet in the Grand Hall of the Canadian Museum of
Civilization. Cost is $40 per person and includes all taxes and bus
transportation between the campus and the Museum for those
requiring it. To ensure attendance at the banquet you should reserve
and pay for your tickets when you return your registration form. Any
remaining tickets will be sold at the registration desk during the
meeting.
Le mardi 18 juin
Réception (bar payant, une boisson gratuite) suivie du banquet du
Congrès dans le grand hall du Musée canadien des civilisations. Le
prix est de 40 S par personne comprend les taxes et le transport entre
le campus et le Musée pour ceux qui en ont besoin. Afin de vous
garantir une place au banquet, réservez vos billets et payez-les quand
vous enverrez votre formulaire d'inscription. Les billets restants, s'il
y en a, seront en vente au bureau d'inscription pendant le Congrès.
REGISTRATION INFORMATION
INSCRIPTION
Complete and FAX OR MAIL (not both) the attached conference
registration form. As fee payment must accompany the registration
form, only those participants paying by credit card (Visa or
MasterCard) should fax their registration forms. For those paying by
cheque, please mail your registration form and cheque to the address
indicated on the registration form (please allow up to a week for
delivery).
Veuillez remplir le formulaire d'inscription ci-joint et le renvoyer par
télécopieur ou par la poste (pas les dex). Comme le paiement doit
obligatoirement accompagner le formulaire d'inscription, seules
peuvent s'inscrire par télécopieur les personnes qui paient par carte
(Visa ou Mastercard). Celles qui règlent par chèque sont priées de
poster leur formulaire d'inscription et chèque à l'adresse sur le
formulaire (compter jusqu'à une semaine pour la livraison).
Fee discounts are available for early registration - received by
5:00 p.m. on Friday, May 10. After June 7, delegates should register
on site.
Ceux qui s'inscrivent tôt (formulaires reçus avant 17 h le mercredi 1 "
mai) profiterons d'un rabais. Après le 7 juin, il faudra s'inscrire sur
place.
Student delegates should include a letter from the Head of their
Department certifying their status.
Les étudiants doivent joindre une lettre de leur chef de département
pour attester leur statut.
Conference fees are quoted in Canadian dollars and are inclusive of
7 % GST.
Les frais d'inscription sont en dollars canadiens et comprennent 7 %
de TPS.
Inscription anticipée
(jusqu'au 1 " mai)
A d v a n c e Registration Fees
(on or before M a y 1).
Non-Members
Student Members
Non-Member Students
High School/Junior College Teachers
Retirees
75.00
115.00
Membres de I'ACP/APS/IOP et conférenciers invités
Non-membres
Membres étudiants
Étudiants non-membres
Enseignants non-membres: écoles secondaires et cégeps
Retraités
145.00/day
Inscription d'un jour
(dim., lundi, mardi ou mere.)
$245.00
315.00
60.00
75.00
60.00
One-day registration:
(Sun., Mon., Tues., or Wed.)
145 $/jour
Inscription plein tarif
(après le 1 " mai)
Full Registration Fee
(after M a y 1)
Non-Members
Student Members
Non-Member Students
High School/Junior College Teachers
Retirees
245 8
315 8
60 $
75 $
60 $
75 $
115 $
$295.00
365.00
75.00
90.00
75.00
90.00
150.00
One-day registration:
(Sun., Mon., Tues., or Wed.)
175.00/day
Inscription d'un jour
(dim., lundi, mardi ou mere.)
295 $
365 $
75 8
90 $
75 8
90 $
150$
175 S/jour
Activités facultatives (non comprises dans les freis du Congrès):
Optional (not included in conference fee):
Tuesday Conference Banquet
Industry Tours ($32.50/one; $60.00/two)
Membres de l'ACP/APS/IOP et conférenciers invités
Non-membres
Membres étudiants
Étudiants non-membres
Enseignants non-membres: écoles secondaires et cégeps
Retraités
40.00
Banquet du Congrès, le mardi
40 $
Visites industrielles (32,50 $/1 visite; 60,00 $/d<3UX visites)
1.
The full-program registration fee includes a copy of the
Conference Program, admission to all sessions, exhibits, the
poster session, Sunday symposia, the Sunday Welcome
reception, and all refreshment breaks. The one-day registration
fee includes a copy of the Conference Program as well as
admission to all activities scheduled for that day. Neither fee
includes the Tuesday banquet at the Canadian Museum of
Civilization.
1.
Les frais d'inscription au programme complet comprennent le
programme, l'admission à toutes les séances, aux expositions,
aux affiches, aux colloques du dimanche, à la réception du
dimanche, et à toutes les pauses de rafraîchissements. Les frais
d'inscription d'une journée comprennent le programme du
Congrès et l'admission è toutes les activité:; de la journée. Ils
n'incluent pas le banquet du mardi au Musée canadien des
civilisations.
2.
Banquet tickets are limited and should be purchased with
registration. The price of $40.00 per person includes GST and
transportation. Any unpurchased banquet tickets will be available
at the conference registration desk.
2.
Comme il n'y a qu'un nombre limité de billets pour le banquet, il
faut les prendre avec votre inscription. Le prix de 40 $ comprend
la TPS et le transport. Les billets restants seront en vente au
bureau d'inscription sur place.
3.
Delegates attending the Sunday Symposia should note such on
the registration form.
3.
Les délégués qui participeront aux colloques du dimanche sont
priés de l'indiquer sur le formulaire d'inscription.
4.
Accommodation, meals, parking, and transportation costs are not
included in the conference registration fee.
4.
L'hébergement, les repas et les transports ne sont pas inclus dans
les frais d'inscription.
M e t h o d s of P a y m e n t
M o d a l i t é s de paiement
Payment can be made by credit card (MasterCard or Visa) or cheque
(made payable to the University of Ottawa for CAP 1996) and must
accompany the registration form. Registrations sent without fee
payment will not be processed.
Le paiement doit accompagner l'inscription. Il peut être effectué par
carte de crédit (Mastercard ou Visa) ou par chèque (libellé à l'ordre de:
University of Ottawa for CAP 1996). Les formulaires sans paiement
ne seront pas traités.
Participants who pay by credit card should FAX their registration form
to 'CAP 1996' at (613) 562-5190.
Les participants qui paieront par carte de crédit devront envoyer leur
formulaire par télécopieur à «CAP 1996» au (613) 562-5190.
Registrants paying by cheque should mail their form and payment to
'CAP 1996, c/o the Physics Department, 150 Louis Pasteur,
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5'.
Les participants qui paieront par chèque devront envoyer leur
formulaire et leur paiement par la poste £ «CAP 1996, a/s
Département de physique, 150 Louis Pasteur, Université d'Ottawa,
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5».
Cancellation Policy
Politique d'annulation
Cancellations received on or before June 7 will be refunded, less a
$20.00 processing fee. Refunds will not be made for cancellations
received after June 7, except in extenuating circumstances. To be
issued a refund, participants must return their original receipt for
conference registration to CAP 1996 c/o the CAP Office, Suite 903,
151 Slater Street, Ottawa, ON K1P 5H3.
Les demandes d'annulation reçues au plus tard le 7 juin seront
remboursées, moins 20 $ de frais d'edministratic n. Il n'y aura plus de
remboursements après le 7 juin, sauf circonstances exceptionnelles.
Pour recevoir un chèque de remboursement, les participants doivent
renvoyer le reçu original d'inscription au Conçirès à « CAP 1996,
bureau de l'ACP, 151 rue Slater, bureau 903, Ottawa, ON K1P 5H3».
TRAVEL
VOYAGE
Convention Airline - Air C a n a d a Event No. C V 9 6 0 6 7 6
Transport aérien - N o d ' é v é n e m e n t Air Canada C V 9 6 0 6 7 6
This year, the CAP has decided to designate TTI Bytown Travel as
Cette année, l'ACP a choisi TTI Bytown Travel come agence de
their official Congress travel agency and to register the congress with
Air Canada Convention Services. TTI Bytown Travel is a full service
travel agency. They will be pleased to help you with all your travel
needs. All your travel documents will be delivered right to your door
free of charge anywhere in Canada and the continental U.S.A. Call
Aida Daher toll free (Canada or U.S.) at 1 - 8 0 0 - 5 6 7 - 4 6 6 2 or fax
Bytown at 1 - 6 1 3 - 2 3 8 - 6 9 2 8 .
voyage officielle du Congrès et a inscrit ce congrès aux services de
congrès d'Air Canada. TTI Bytown travel est une agence de voyage
à tout service. Ils se feront un plaisir de vous aider avec vos plans de
voyage. Vos documents de voyage seront à votre domicile sans frais
au Canada et aux États-Unis. Appelez Aida Daher sans frais (Canada
et États-Unis) au 1 - 8 0 0 - 5 6 7 - 4 6 6 2 ou télécopiez Bytown au 1-613238-6928.
For those w h o wish to book their Congress travel through another
travel agency or w i t h the airline direct - and w h o have chosen to
travel on an Air Canada flight - you may still have your flight
registered as part of the Convention travel by quoting the CAP's Air
Canada Event No. w h e n booking your travel. Registering your flight
with Air Canada will help CAP earn bonus flights that can be used to
bring our university prize winner, among others, to the 1997
Congress.
Ceux qui utiliseront une autre agence ou s'adresseront directement à
la compagnie aérienne, en choisissant un vol d'Air Canada, pourront
faire enregistrer leur vol comme voyage au service de Congrès en
fournissant le numéro d'événement Air Canada de l'ACP au moment
de la réservation. En enregistrant votre vol, vous aiderez l'ACP à
obtenir des vols de prime qui leur permettront entre autres de faire
venir le gagnant du concours universitaire au Congrès 1 9 9 7 .
Transportation to Accommodation
The taxi fare from the airport to the University or d o w n t o w n Ottawa
is about $21. There is also an "airporter" shuttle service running
every 20 minutes to the major hotels, for $9. The local bus service,
OC Transpo, also services d o w n t o w n to the airport with Route #96
(you should allow approximately 45 minutes). Cash bus fare is 1.85
(exact change).
Transport de l'aéroport
De l'aéroport à l'Université ou au centre-ville, la course de taxi coûte
environ 21 $. Il existe également une navette vers tous les grands
hôtels qui part toutes les vingt minutes pour 9 $. Le service local
d'autobus, OC Transpo, offre également un service vers l'aéroport
avec le trajet 96. Le coût d ' u n aller comptant est de 1,85 $ (monnaie
exacte).
Those arriving by train can also take the OC Transpo bus, Route #95
(Baseline) to the University campus. It only takes about 5 minutes.
Ceux qui arrivent par train peuvent également utiliser l'autobus OC
Transpo avec trajet 95 (Baseline) jusqu'au campus universitaire. Cela
ne prend que cinq minutes.
If arriving by bus, you may ask the bus driver to let you off at the
Campus station of the Transitway, or take a taxi from the d o w n t o w n
bus station to the campus, or hotel.
Si vous arrivez par autobus, vous pouvez demander au chauffeur de
vous laisser à l'arrêt du Campus du Transitway ou prendre un taxi du
terminus centre-ville jusqu'au campus ou à votre hôtel.
ACCOMMODATION
HÉBERGEMENT
Participants should make their o w n accommodation reservations. For
your convenience the following facilities have been booked for the
1996 Congress participants.
Les délégués devraient faire leur propre réservation.
Pour vous
faciliter les choses, plusieurs types d'hébergement sont prévus pour
le Congrès.
On-Campus Accommodation
Hébergement sur le campus
The
University
of
Ottawa's
residences
offer
convenient
accommodation at reasonable rates for congress delegates. The
residences feature single and twin-bedded rooms with centralized
washroom facilities.
A cafeteria is within the vicinity of the
residences.
Les résidences de l'Université d ' O t t a w a offrent des chambres
pratiques à prix raisonnable au délégués du Congrès. Les résidences
offrent des chambres simples ou avec deux lits jumeaux avec salles
de bains communes. Une cafétéria se trouve non loin des résidences.
A block of rooms is being held for meeting participants planning to
stay on campus.
Reservations should be made using the form
provided in PiC.
Des chambres ont été réservées pour les participants au Congrès qui
planifient rester sur le campus. Les réservations doivent être faites en
utilisant le formulaire inclus dans La Physique au Canada.
On-Campus Accommodation Rates
Tarif de l'hébergement sur le campus
The adult rate for a single room is $32 per night, and for a room with
t w i n beds it is $ 3 9 . 5 0 . Students with a valid student I.D. card can
benefit from reduced rates: $ 2 0 . 5 0 for a single, and $ 3 5 for a t w i n .
These prices do not include applicable taxes, or parking where
required.
Le tarif adulte d'une chambre simple est de 3 2 $ par nuit et d'une
chambre avec deux lits jumeaux de 3 9 . 5 0 $. Les étudiants munis
d'une carte d'étudiant valide peuvent bénéficier de tarifs réduits:
2 0 . 5 0 $ pour une chambre simple et 3 5 . 0 0 $ pour une chambre avec
deux lits jumeaux. Ces prix ne comprennent pas les taxes ou le
stationnement, si requis.
Room reservation forms must be received by May 15, 1996 to
guarantee a room. Reservations received after this date will be
assigned rooms subject to availability.
Les formulaires de réservation doivent être reçus le 1 5 mai 1996 pour
qu'une réservation soit garantie. Les délégués qui réserveront après
cette date seront attribués une chambre selon la disponibilité.
Off Campus Accommodation - Close to the University of Ottawa
Hébergement hors campus - Près de l'Université d'Ottawa
For participants wishing to stay at a nearby hotel, the hotels listed
below are within easy walking or driving distance from the University.
Rooms have been reserved at these hotels for the Congress, but
participants are encouraged to book early (before May 15, 1996) to
ensure availability. June is a busy tourist season in Ottawa and
hotels become booked very early in the season. Rates quoted are
exclusive of hotel tax of 5 % and GST of 7 % . A more complete listing
of d o w n t o w n hotels and bed & breakfasts can be found on the
Congress Web site at h t t p : / / w w w . p h y s i c s . u o t t a w a . c a /
Pour les participants qui désirent descendre dans un hôtel des
environs de l'Université, les hôtels qui suivent sont faciles d'accès à
pied ou en voiture. Des chambres ont été réservées à ces hôtels pour
le Congrès, mais nous recommendons aux participants de réserver le
plus tôt possible (avant le 15 mai 1996) afin de garantir la chambre.
Le mois de juin est en plein dans la saison touristique à Ottawa et les
hôtels sont complets très tôt dans la saison. Les tarifs donnés ne
comprennent pas la taxe d'hôtel de 5 % et la TPS de 7 %. Vous
trouverez une liste plus complète des hôtels du centre-ville et des
«beds and breakfasts» sur le site Congrès du Web à
http://www.physics.uottawa.ca/
Lord Elgin Hotel:
100 Elgin Boulevard, Ottawa, ON K I P 5K8
Tel: (613) 235-3333, toll free 1-800-267-4298
fax: (613) 235-3223
restaurant, fitness facilities, indoor parking ($11.50 per day).
Cost: $82.00/night (single or double)
Hôtel Lord Elgin
100, boulevard Elgin, Ottawa, ON K I P 5K8
Tél.: (613) 235-3333, sans frais 1-800-267-4293
Télécopieur: (613) 235-3223
restaurant, centre d'entraînement, stationnement intérieur (11,50 $
par jour).
Prix: 82,00 $/nuit (simple ou double)
Quality Hotel
290 Rideau Street, Ottawa, ON K1N 5Y3
Tel: (613) 789-7511, toll free 1-800-228-5151
fax: (613) 7 8 9 - 2 4 3 4
restaurant, complementary morning coffee and newspaper, indoor
parking ($7.50 per day).
Cost: $78.00/night (up to 4 people per room)
Hôtel Quality
290 rue Rideau, Ottawa, ON K1N 5Y3
Tél.: (613) 789-7511, sans frais 1-800-228-5151
Télécopieur: (613) 789-2434
restaurant, café et journal gratuit tous les matins, stationnement
intérieur (7,50 $/par jour).
MEALS
Prix: 78.00 $/nuit (maximum de 4 personnes par chambre)
There are a number of restaurants on campus and adjacent to the
campus. The University is also very close to the downtown area, and
to the Byward Market where a wide variety of restaurants exist.
During the conference, including the Sunday sessions, the cafeteria
and the Piccolo restaurant in the University Centre will be open.
REPAS
Il existe un grand nombre de restaurants sur le campus et à l'extérieur
du campus. L'Université est également très près du centre-ville et du
marché By où on retrouve de nombreux restaurants. Durant le
Congrès, y compris les colloques du dimanche!, la cafétéria et le
restaurant Piccolo au centre universitaire seront ouverts.
BANQUET DE L'ACP
CAP BANQUET
The banquet will be held on Tuesday evening in the Grand Hall of the
Canadian Museum of Civilization across the Ottawa River in Hull,
Québec. The cost of each ticket is $40.00, and includes bus
transportation to and from the museum. There will be a cash bar
beforehand.
Le banquet de l'ACP aura lieu le mardi soir dans le grand hall du
Musée canadien des civilisations de l'autre côté de la rivière des
Outaouais à Hull, Québec. Le coût du billet est de 40,00 $ et inclus
le transport par autobus. Il y aura un bar payan" avant le repas.
Fill out the food section on the registration form and include payment
with your registration fee. A limited number of tickets will be on sale
for the Tuesday banquet during registration through Sunday evening.
Veuillez remplir la partie repas de votre formulaire d'inscription et
inclure le paiement à vos frais d'inscription. Un nombre limité de
billets sera en vente pour le banquet de mardi pendant l'inscription
jusqu'à dimanche soir.
GENERAL INFORMATION
RENSEIGNEMENTS GÉNÉRAUX
The University of Ottawa is located in the downtown core of the
nation's capital. It is situated on the Rideau Canal and is within easy
walking distance of the Parliament Buildings and other major tourist
attractions. It is also close to the Byward Market which is a popular
area with small specialty shops and a variety of restaurants.
L'Université d'Ottawa est située en plein centre-ville de la capitale
nationale. Elle se trouve aux abords du canal Rideau et est
facile d'accès à pied du Parlement et autres sites touristiques. Elle est
également près du marché By qui est très populaire avec ses petites
boutiques spécialisées et ses divers restaurants
The University of Ottawa is a bilingual university, offering students a
mix of programs in Canada's t w o official languages.
L'Université d'Ottawa est une université bilingje qui offrent à ces
étudiants un choix de programme dans les deux langues officielles du
Canada.
Climate
Summer in Ottawa can be very warm and humid, with temperatures
often between 30 and 35 degrees Celsius. Light clothing is the most
comfortable.
Climat
L'été à Ottawa peut être très chaud et humide avec des températures
qui varient entre 30 et 35 degrés Celsius. Des vêtements légers sont
préférables.
Recreational Facilities
Congress participants may utilize the university recreation facilities on
a drop-in basis during the week. Details will be provided upon
registration.
Installations récréatives
Les participants au Congrès peuvent utiliser toutes les ins
ons
récréatives de l'Université durant la semaine en s'y présentant. De
plus amples détails vous seront donnés lors de l'inscription.
FURTHER INFORMATION
RENSEIGNEMENTS COMPLÉMENTAIRES
Up-to-date information on the Congress activities, as well as possible
tours and attractions to take in can be found by checking out the
Congress section on the home page of the University of Ottawa
Physics Department at http://www.physics.uottawa.ca/
Specific
inquires
can
be
sent
by
e-mail
to
[email protected], or by phoning the Physics Department
at (613) 562-5757.
Des renseignements à jour sur les activités du Congrès, ainsi que sur
les visites et sites touristiques, peuvent être obtenus dans le section
Congrès de la page d'accueil du département de physique de
l'Université d'Otta wa à http://www.physics.uo':tawa.ca/
Des requêtes spécifiques peuvent être communiquées par courrier
électronique à [email protected], ou en appelant le
département de physique au (613) 562-5757.
We look forward to seeing you in Ottawa in June.
Nous espérons bien vous voir à Ottawa en juin
I N D U S T R Y T O U R P R O G R A M — J U N E 1996 C O N V E N T I O N
A unique tour of the Semiconductor and Optics industries is being offered at the Convention in Ottaw a. Designed to showcase
research and product development, these tours also enable participants to expand their contacts with Canadian businesses. The
tour program was developed for the Association by Technical Visits Ottawa, a business development firm focused on high
tech in the National Capital Region.
J U N E 17, 1996 — 3:30 - 5:30 P.M. — FOCUS ON OPTICS — Choice of:
Tour A:
OPTOELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGIES DIVISION: Communications Research Centre (CRC)
The Div ision conducts research on optoelectronic and fibre-optic component technologies for use in high-speed switching,
signal processing and interconnections in optical communications networks. Visitors will learn about the CRC and the
Division's work, tour two labs: Integrated Laser Technologies and Optoelectronic Materials and Components, and discuss
with researchers current projects and applications to communications systems of the future
Tour B:
LUMONICS OPTICS GROUP — A Division of Lumonics Inc.
This firm has successfully captured scientific and industrial markets worldw ide w ith a variety of high-precision products:
high-power laser components and beam delivery optics, ultra-accuracy components used in étalons and interferometers, and
simple and complex optical coatings. A corporate overv iew will precede a plant tour to see manufacturing and production from
raw materials to finished product, including thin films.
June 18, 1996 — 3:30 - 5:30 p.m. — FOCUS ON SEMICONDUCTOR APPLICATIONS — Choice of:
Tour C:
MITEL SEMICONDUCTOR DIVISION — Mitel Corporation
Mitel's Semiconductor Division is a world leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance communications and
telephony integrated circuits (ICs), ISDN basic and pnmary rate interfaces, digital telephone ICs, DTMF receivers and thick
film hybrid modules. The presentation will describe the economics of today's semiconductor companies and the manufacturing
flow . Participants w ill explore the test and design labs and the product "wall of fame".
Tour D:
SEMICONDUCTOR INSIGHTS INC.
This employee-owned microelectronics engineering consultancy specializes in analyzing design and process technology used m
semiconductor devices and in the analysis of semiconductor patents. The tour will be focused on current projects. Laboratory
sen ices, usually outsourced, include scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray
analysis, and scanning probe microscopy. These services can be demonstrated.
June 19, 1996 - 12:30-2:00 p.m. —FœUS
ON THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
NRC: CANADA INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION (CISTI) and the
INSTITUTE FOR MICROSTRUCTURAL SCIENCES (IMS)
At CISTI, services such as SwetScan, an electronic table of contents, and IntelliDoc, electronic document delivery , will be
demonstrated using a physics-specific topic. In the IMS Thin Films Lab, researchers will discuss current projects, including
flat panel displays (thin film electroluminescent and field emission displays), waveguide coatings for optoelectronic devices,
and anti-counterfeiting techniques.
Tour details and registration information is included in the Convention
Registration material. Cost per tour is $32.50 inclusive; $60.00 for two tours.
For information, contact TECHNICAL VISITS OTTAWA at (613) 744-6000,
fax (613) 744-2461, email 74652.3467®;compuserve.com.
OTTAWA
P R O G R A M M E DES VISITES I N D U S T R I E L L E S — C O N G R È S DE JUIN 1996
Des visites d'industries oeuv rant dans les domaines des semiconducteurs et de l'optique seront offertes dans le cadre du
congrès à Ottaw a. Ces visites permettront aux participants d'établir de nouveaux contacts au sein d'entreprises canadiennes.
Le programme de ces visites a été préparé pour le compte de l'Association par la firme TECHNICAL VISITS OTTAWA.
17 j u i n 1996 - 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 -- Pleins Feux Sur L'Optique - Choix entre :
Visite A : DIVISION DES TECHNOLOGIES DE L'OPTOÉLECTRONIQUE — Centre de recherches sur les
communications (CRC): Cette div ision du CRC se consacre à la recherche dans le domaine des technologies de
l'optoélectronique et des composants à fibres optiques pour les dispositifs de commutation à grande vitesse, le traitement des
signaux et l'interconnexion des réseaux de communications optiques. Les visiteurs en apprendront dav antage sur le CRC et sur
les travaux de la division et v isiteront deux laboratoires: Technologies de l'intégration des lasers et Matériaux et
composants optoélectroniques; ils auront aussi l'occasion de s'entretenir avec des chercheurs sur les projets de recherche en
cours et sur leurs applications pour les systèmes de communications futurs.
Visite B : LUMONICS OPTICS GROUP — Division de Lumonics Inc.: L'entreprise répond aux besoins des marchés
scientifiques et industriels mondiaux en offrant toute une gamme de produits de haute précision : des composants lasers de
grande puissance et des composants optiques pour la production de faisceaux, des composants ultra-précis pour les étalions et
les interféromètres, et des rev êtements optiques simples et complexes. Un survol de l'entreprise précédera la visite des
installations où l'on pourra suiv re les étapes de la fabrication et de la production de composants et de couches minces, depuis
le matériau brut jusqu'au produit fini
18 juin 1996 — 15 h 30 à 17 h 30 -- Pleins Feux Sur Les Applications Des Semiconducteurs — Choix entre :
Visite C : DIVISION DES SEMICONDUCTEURS DE MITEL CORPORATION: La Division des semiconducteurs est
un leader mondial dans la conception et la fabrication de circuits intégrés à haute performance pour les communications et la
téléphonie, d'interfaces RNIS à débit primaire et à débit de base, de circuits intégrés pour les téléphones numériques, de
récepteurs multifréquences à double tonalité (DTMF) et de modules hybrides à couches épaisses. Une présentation exposera le
cadre économique dans lequel évoluent les fabricants de semiconducteurs ainsi que le processus de fabrication. Les
participants visiteront les laboratoires d'essai et de conception et le «temple de la renommée» des produits ds l'entreprise.
Visite D : SEMICONDUCTOR INSIGHTS INC: Cette firme indépendante d'ingénierie-conseil en microélectronique se
spécialise dans l'analyse de la conception et de la technologie des procédés utilisant des dispositifs semiconducteurs et dans
l'analyse des brevets connexes aux semiconducteurs. La visite portera sur les projets en cours et sur les services de laboratoire,
normalement engagés à l'extérieur, qui comprennent des installations de microscopie électronique à balayage, de microscopic
électronique à transmission et d'analyse par rayons X à dispersion d'énergie. Ces services peuvent être démontrés.
19 juin 1996 ~ 1 2 h 3 0 à l 4 h - Pleins Feux Sur La Technologie Des Couches Minces
CNRC: Institut Canadian de L'Information Sscientifique et Technique (ICIST) et Institut des Sciences des
Microstructures (ISM): À l'ICIST, on fera la démonstration de l'utilisation de services tels que SwctScan, un service
électronique de table des matières, et d'IntelliDoc, un système de fourniture de documents électronique, en effectuant une
recherche sur un sujet spécialisé en physique. Des chercheurs du Laboratoire des couches minces de l'ISM (discuteront des
projets en cours et, en particulier, des écrans plats (écrans électroluminescents à couches minces et écrans à émission de
champ), des rev êtements de guides d'ondes pour les dispositifs optoélectroniques et des techniques utilisées pour déjouer la
contrefaçon.
Des renseignements détaillés sur les visites et sur les modalités d'inscription sont inclus dans la trousse d'inscription des
délégués. Le coût de chaque visite est de 32.50 $, tous frais compris, et de 60 $ pour deux visites. Pour de plus amples
renseignements, veuillez communiquer avec TECHNICAL VISITS OTTAWA, par téléphone au (613) 744-6000, par
télécopieur au (613) 744-2461, ou par courrier électronique à 74652.3467ua}compuserve.com.
T E C H N I C A L VISITS O T T A W A
1996 CAP NEWPORT AWARD
IN OPTICAL SCIENCES
1996 BOURSE ACP NEWPORT
EN OPTIQUE
PURPOSE:
BUT:
This award is made in recognition of the fact that the future
competitiveness of our country rests on the development of
new technology and the effective transfer of that
technology into applications. The sponsor of the award,
Newport Instruments Canada, wishes to take an active role
in promoting and supporting this development in the field of
laser and electro-optic technology.
Ce prix vise à aider au développement de nouvelles
technologies pour accroître la visibilité de notre pays sur la
scène scientifique internationale. Le parrain de ce prix, la
Compagnie Newport Instruments Canada, désire démonstrer
qu'il veut jouer un rôle important dans la promotion et le
développement des technologies électro-optiques et du
laser.
AMOUNT:
MONTANT:
One award annually of $2,000.00.
$1,500.00 will be
awarded as a scholarship to the awardee and $500.00 as
a research grant to the awardee's department to administer
on his/her behalf. The research grant is to be used to
defray expenses relating to the awardee's research (not
overhead) including such items as equipment, travel relating
to the research books, computing, etc.
Il y a un prix de 2 000$ décernés annuellement. 1 500$
sera accordé à titre de bourse au récipiendaire.
Le
département du boursier recevra une subvention de
recherche de 500$ qui servira à défrayer des dépenses
reliées au projet de recherche proposé comme des
équipements, des dépenses de voyage, des volumes, du
temps d'ordinateur, etc.
RECIPIENT:
RÉCIPIENDAIRE:
Recipient is to be a doctoral candidate who is pursuing
thesis research in lasers, electro-optics, and related areas at
a university in Canada.
The intent is to provide
opportunities for those who may have novel, innovative
research ideas as determined by the selection committee
but are unable to solicit sufficient funds at this time to
pursue their work.
Ce dernier doit être étudiant au doctorat, faisant une thèse
dans les domaines du laser, de l'électro-optique et de sujets
connexes dans une université canadienne. On veut aussi
favoriser ceux qui ont des idées nouvelles et innovatrices,
idées approuvées par le comité de sélection. On espère
aider ceux qui ont un besoin urgent de fonds pour
poursuivre leur travail.
TERM:
CONDITIONS:
The award is for a period of one year, starting July 1.
Applications are to be received prior to March 3 1 , 1 9 9 6 and
the award may be renewable (but not normally) for one
additional year as deemed by the Committee. The award is
to be presented at the annual CAP Congress.
Travel
expenses to the Congress, of up to $1,000.00, will be
granted to the awardee; $500.00 will be given by Newport
Instruments Canada and any additional amount will be
shared equally by the three selecting CAP divisions.
Le prix est accordé pour une année débutant le 1" juillet
suivant le congrès annuel de l'ACP.
Les candidatures
doivent être reçues pour le 31 mars, 1996 et le prix peut
être (exceptionnellement) renouvelé pour une deuxième
année si le comité le désire. Le prix sera remis lors du
congrès annuel de l'ACP. Les dépenses de voyage de
récipiendaire sera payée jusqu'à concurrence de 1 000$.
Un montant de 500$ sera défrayé par Newport Instruments
Canada et le reste le sera à part égale par les trois divisions
membres du comité.
SELECTION:
SÉLECTION:
The selection process will be administered by the Canadian
Association of Physicists (CAP) w i t h the selection
committee made up of the chairs of the Division of Optical
Physics (DOP), the Division of Industrial and Applied Physics
(DIAP), and the Division of Atomic and Molecular Physics
(DAMP), w i t h the chair of the selection committee rotating
among these three, starting in 1994 w i t h DOP, 1995 w i t h
DIAP, and 1996 with DAMP.
La procédure de sélection sera assumée par l'ACP avec le
comité de sélection composé des présidents des divisions
de physique optique (DPO), de physique industrielle et
appliquée (DPIA) et de physique atomique et moléculaire
(DPAM). Le président de ce comité est un des présidents
de division commençant par le président de DPO en 1994,
DPIA en 1995, et DPAM en 1996.
For further information and/or application forms, contact:
Pour de plus amples renseignement et/ou des formulaires de
soumission s'adresser à:
Mrs. F.M. Ford
Executive Director
151 Slater Street, Suite 903
Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 5 H 3
Tel: (613) 2 3 7 - 3 3 9 2 ; Fax: (613) 238-1677
Mme F.M. Ford, Directrice éxecutif
151, rue Slater, suite 903
Ottawa (Ontario) K 1 P 5 H 3
Tél: (613) 237-3392; télécopieur (613) 238-1677
Cour, élec: [email protected]
Canadian Association
of Physicists
Association canadienne
des physiciens et physiciennes
1 9 9 6 LUMONICS AWARD
PRIX LUMONICS 1 9 9 6
The Canadian Association of Physicists has
established these awards to recognize student
members giving the best research paper
presentations at the annual CAP Congress. Up to
three awards, each consisting of a certificate of
recognition and a prize of $300, will be made each
year. The prizes have been made possible through
the generosity of Lumonics Inc.
L'Association canadienne des physiciens et
physiciennes a créé ces prix afin des récompenser
les membres étudiants auteurs des meilleures
communications au congrès annuel. Elle décernera
tous les ans un maximum de trois prix, consistant
chacun en un certificat de mérite et une somme de
300 $.
Ces prix sont possible.» grâce â la
générosité de Lumonics Inc.
Eligibility,
criteria:
selection
procedure,
and
selection
Admissibilité, modalités et critères de sélection:
1)
the student presenting the paper must be a
registered participant at the Congress
1)
L'étudiant/e qui fait la communication est
dûment inscrit/e au congrès
2)
the student must be solely responsible for the
presentation
2)
L'étudiant/e a la responsabilité exclusive de la
communication
3)
the student presenting the paper must be the
first author
3)
L'étudiant/e qui fait la communication en est
le premier auteur
4)
the student must submit an extended
summary of the paper (3-4 pages) and
officially enter the competition at the same
time that they submit their regular abstract
(oral or poster presentation); i.e. by 1996
March 15 to B.E. Robertson, Program
Chairman, 1996 CAP Congress, Canadian
Association of Physicists, 151 Slater Street,
Suite 903, Ottawa, Ontario, K I P 5H3
4)
L'étudiant/e doit fournir un sommaire détaillé
(3 à 4 pages)
et
devenir
candidat
officiellement au même moment que l'envoi
de son résumé contribué (exposé ou affiche).
Envoyer le sommaire, avant le 15 mars 1996,
à B.E. Robertson, Président eu programme,
Congrès ACP 1996, Association canadienne
des physiciens et physiciennes, 151 rue
Slater, Bureau 903, Ottawa,
Ontario,
K1P 5H3
5)
the paper may be submitted in English or
French
5)
La communication est présentée en anglais
ou en français
6)
6 to 10 papers will be pre-selected (based on
a review of the extended summaries) for oral
presentation at the Congress
6)
L'Association fait (après examen des
sommaires) une présélection de 6 à 10
documents,
qui
feront
l'objet
d'une
communication au congrès
7)
oral presentations of the pre-selected papers
will be given in a separate session which will
be open to all Congress participants
7)
Les communications présélectionnées seront
présentées lors d'une séance spéciale ouverte
à tous les congressistes
8)
presenters will be judged on delivery,
content, and ability to respond to questions
and discussion
8)
Les concurrents seront jugés sur le fond et la
forme de leur communication ainsi que sur
leur aptitude à répondre aux questions et à
soutenir le débat
1996 Art of Physics Competition
ENTRY FORM
(a copy of this f o r m should a c c o m p a n y each entry)
I/We* have carefully read the rules, in particular Rule 6, relating to reproduction
of selected entries and agree to abide by them.
*please delete as applicable
Signature
Signature
Print Name
Print Name
Address
Address
Caption Title :
C A T E G O R I E S (select one):
1.
Photographs from students up to high school/CEGEP graduation.
2.
Open category for photograph (industrial and government establishments and commercially-funded research,
universities, community colleges, charity-funded research programmes, teachers, laypersons, others).
Please send entry to:
Francine Ford, Executive Director
Suite 903, 151 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIP 5H3
by 1996 September 30
PRIZES
First, second, and third prize winners in each category
will receive 35 mm cameras donated by Kodak Canada Inc.
In addition, a limited supply of film will be given to any award winner
submitting an entry taken on Kodak film and printed on Kodak paper.
Awards will be presented to winners at the 51st Annual Congress of the
Canadian Association of Physicists to be held at Ottawa University, 1996 June.
25
ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DES PHYSICIENS ET PHYSICIENNES
Concours l'Art de la physique 1996
FORMULAIRE D'INSCRIPTION
(Il f a u t un formulaire pour chaque d e m a n d e d'inscription)
J'ai ('nous avons) lu attentivement le règlement du concours, en particulier le point #6
des règlements, concernant la reproduction de certains documents, et j'accepte de m'y
conformer.
* rayer la mention inutile
Signature
Signature
Nom en caractères
d'imprimerie
Nom en caractères
d'imprimerie
Adresse
Adresse
Titre de la légende:
CATÉGORIES
(en choisir une):
1.
Photographies d'élèves jusqu'au diplôme de fin d'études secondaires/CEGEP.
2.
Catégorie ouverte à tous, i.e. pour les photographies provenant des établissements industriels, publics,
recherche financée par le secteur privé, universités, collèges communautaires, programmes de recherche
financés par des organismes de charité, enseignants, profanes, autres.
Veuillez envoyer les documents à:
Francine Ford, directrice exécutive
bureau 903, 151 rue Slater, Ottawa (Ontario) K1P 5H3
au plus tard le 30 septembre 1996
P R I X
Les lauréats et lauréates des premier, second et troisième prix de chaque catégorie
recevront un appareil photo 35 mm de Kodak Canada Inc.
Kodak donnera aussi un certain nombre de pellicules aux lauréats de prix qui ont envoyé
leur photo prise sur pellicule Kodak et tirée sur papier Kodak.
Les prix seront remis au 51* Congrès annuel de l'Association canadienne
des physiciens et physiciennes qui aura lieu en juin 1996 à l'Université Ottawa.
26
CANADIAN PHYSICISTS /
Reviews of Modern Physics
(RMP)
PHYSICIENS CANADIENS
Light Pipe Inventor Wins Gold Medal
The American Physical Society is
extending a special reduced rate
subscription offer for Reviews of
Modern
Physics
(RMP)
to
members of physical societies,
tike the Canadian Association of
Physicists, that have reciprocal
agreements with the APS. The
offer is for a one year
subscription, in calendar year
1996 only, at the rate of $70.00
US for surface mail and $90.00
US for airfreight. These prices
represent a savings of $80.00 US
off the regular rates for members
of reciprocal societies.
RMP is a quarterly journal
featuring
review
articles,
perspectives and colloquia on a
wide range of topics in plysics, as
well as a listing of review articles
appearing in other journals and
serial publications.
Members
interested in subscribing to this
publication should contact the
CAP Office for an order form.
Suscription orders received in
1996 will be back issued to the
first of the year. Please note that
the special rate applies only to
RMP and not to the other APS
journals.
(Science Council of B.C. News Release, Sept. 28/95)
On 1 9 9 5 October 16, the Science
Council of British Columbia
awarded
Dr. Lome Whitehead the 1 9 9 5 BC Science and Engineering Gold Medal in
Industrial Innovation for his outstanding w o r k on "the light pipe". "The light pipe"
provides a more efficient w a y to illuminate buildings by piping in light from a
single remote source, much as pipes deliver w a t e r or air.
Dr. Whitehead began w o r k i n g on the light pipe after making a key discovery in
1 9 7 8 while he w a s a UBC physics student. He s h o w e d theoretically that the
'total internal reflection' effect used in optical fibres could be harnessed in large
hollow pipes, if they could be coated w i t h precision, gem-like prisms.
A r m e d w i t h this knowledge. Dr. Whitehead initiated a research program at UBC
that led to numerous patents and a practical, marketable Light Pipe lighting
system. He then formed a Burnaby company, TIR Systems Ltd., to develop and
market such products. Later, TIR and UBC entered into licensing agreements w i t h
the giant Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) in St. Paul,
Minnesota, to further enhance g r o w t h of this new industry.
Today Dr. Whitehead's light pipe illuminates major high-rise buildings around the
world, including the masts on top of the new Wall Centre in d o w n t o w n
Vancouver. It also illuminates the roofs of hundreds of McDonald's restaurants in
the United States and lights the plaza of the US Department of Energy Building in
Washington, DC.
In addition to its high lighting quality, it is also widely used to carry light into
hard-to-reach or dangerous places, including tunnels and explosives storage areas.
Numerous companies in North America, Europe and Japan, under license from
UBC, TIR and 3 M , continue to find new applications for light pipe.
Dr. Whitehead is n o w an Associate Professor in the University of British
Columbia's Physics Department. He occupies UBC's new Chair in Structured
Surface Physics, w h i c h w a s established by the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council (NSERC) and 3 M Canada Inc. There, he and his colleagues in
both the university and BC industry continue physics research generating
innovations in lighting, image display technology, optics, electrmagnetic filters
and thin flexible sound sources.
Deadlines for nominations for the 1996 BC Science and Engineering A w a r d s is
1996 March 31.
No rest for this retired Professor. Univ. of Manitoba has lots of plans for McKee.
(reprinted et the request of B P. Stoicheff who was passing through Winnipeg over the holidays and sew the article in the Friday, December 22, 1 995 Winnipeg Free Press)
Prof. Jasper M c K e e , o n e o f C a n a d a ' s b e s t -
known scientists and the man who almost
changed the course of Manitoba politics, is
retiring from the University of Manitoba.
However, McKee said he doesn't think
anyone will notice.
The retirement is
effective Dec. 31. He's been on leave since
July.
"My plan was always to retire when I
reached 65," McKee said during a telephone
interview from the home of his in-laws in
Sheffield, England.
"But, except for
teaching, I'll continue doing everything
I always did ... I just won't be paid for it. I'll
be living on my pension and I'll have more
time for the things I really find exciting
because I won't be tied down by teaching."
McKee attracted a national following after he
became a regular science contributor to CBC
Newsworld and, before that, to Morningside,
the national CBC radio program hosted by
Peter Gzowski.
In 1988, McKee almost
changed Manitoba politics when he ran as a
Liberal against the then-struggling Tory
Leeder Gary Filmon. A death in the family
forced him to leave the campaign in the final
days. He lost to Filmon by only 124 votes.
Jim Jamieson, dean of the faculty of
science, said the university will confer upon
McKee the title of Professor Emeritus, adding
he planned to enlist the popular scientist as
a roving ambassador, working especially
with
high
school
students.
Harry
Duckworth,
head
of
the
chemistry
department at the U of M, said McKee has
eclectic interests which range from sports to
politics to biology and nuclear physics.
McKee said he's writing a general interest
book on physics in everyday life for school
children and the wider public.
He will
continue his role as editor of Physics in
Canada, the professional journal of Canadian
physicists, and will keep his office at the
university. Ottawa has appointed McKee to
the board of directors of the beleaguered
Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. McKee said
he doesn't know if he can save AECL's
Pinawa operation but added he's very
familiar with the workings of the Crown
corporation. He has been a member of an
international committee thet has been
reviewing one of AECL's projects in Chalk
River, Ontario.
McKee came to the U of M in 1974, from
the University of Birmingham, England, to
become the director of the Cyclotron
Laboratory, at the time in the forefront of
physics research in Canada.
His wife,
Christine, took a position at the Institute of
Urban Studies at the University of Winnipeg.
She died this spring. During his time at the
U of M, he has written more than
200 articles and earned more than $5 million
in research grants.
Born James Stanley Colton McKee, on June
6, 1930 in Belfast, he acquired the name
'Jasper' when he was nine years old. "I was
attending a preparatory school in the north
of Ireland. I was in the Latin class taken by
the headmaster and this headmaster thought
it would be an interesting mental exercise, in
addition to learning Latin, if he gave
everyone in the class a name that wasn't
their own to call them by. He would call you
by the name he had given you and you then
had to answer. All the names were biblical
and they began by the letter J. He had run
out of names but somewhere in the Book of
Revelation it said, 'and the walls thereof
were of jasper'. I became Jasper and I've
been Jasper ever since."
27
University of Waterloo
1 9 9 5 Distinguished Teacher A w a r d
|Phy«13 News, September 1995, Number 78)
A t the University of Waterloo Spring
Convocation (Science) on M a y 2 6 , 1 9 9 5 ,
Professor Desmond Hemming became the
third professor in the Department of
Physics t o receive the University of
Waterloo Distinguished Teacher A w a r d .
The previous recipients of this a w a r d in the
Department
of
Physics
have
been
Professor Raj Pathria (1979) and Professor
Tony Anderson ( 1 9 8 8 ) .
A recent graduate, writing in support of
Dr. Hemming'8 nomination, first praises
the clarity of his presentation, his excellent
blackboard
skills,
his effective
and
extensive use of demonstrations, together
w i t h his approachability, patience and dry
humour, and then states that "none of
these,
however,
are
what
makes
Dr. Hemming one of the greatest teaching
assets of the University of Waterloo. His
most remarkable talent is the rapport he
can create w i t h a student struggling w i t h
a new and difficult concept.
There is
nothing like walking into his office in
complete confusion and listening to him
explain the problem in calm measured
tones. A n immense relief comes over you
as you realize you can understand, you're
not going to fail, and everything is going to
w o r k out f i n e l "
UNIVERSITY NEWS /
ÉCHOS DES UNIVERSITÉS
UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
Two University of Waterloo physicists
have invented a new scanning beam
confocal "MACROscope" that extends
the field of view of a confocal
microscope to include much larger
specimens.
This new instrument, which was
developed by Ted Dixon and
Sawas Damaskinos, is ideal for
applications where it is necessary to
image large areas quickly with good
resolution, and then zoom in on small
areas of interest with very high
resolution (eg. forensic applications
including fingerprint and forgery
detection). With a zoom ratio of 3000
(from 25 micrometres by 25
micrometres up to 7.5 centimetres by
7.5 centimetres) this opens up a
whole new range of applications for
confocal 3-D imaging.
The new instrument combines a
scanning laser microscope and a
MACROscope, using a telocentric
f-theta laser scan lens to scan large
specimens with a resolution of
10 micrometres and a microscope
objective for high resolution imaging
of small areas of the specimens.
The MACROscope was developed as
part of an operating and strategic
grants program fundi»! by the Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research
Council of Canada. Researchers from
University of Waterloo, University of
Toronto, University of Western
Ontario, and Princess Margaret
Hospital were involved in the work.
For more information, please contact
Ted Dixon, tel: (519) 888-4567,
ext. 2160.
YES Mag (Canada's Science Magazine for Kids) - Coming Spring; 96
YES Mag takes a fun, hands-on approach to acquainting children ages 8 to 14 with science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics. Produced in Victoria, BC four times a year, YES Mag will be
distributed throughout Canada by subscription. YES Mag grows out of a collaborative effort with YES
(Youth Engineering and Science) Camps of Canada, a national science-promotion organization. The
members of YES Camps have been extremely successful at sparking children's interest in science. They
combine sound scientific principles with entertaining interactive projects and lots of fun. ît is ah
approach which generates an incredible amount of enthusiasm for learning about science. In creating
the blueprint for YES Mag, an effort was made to transfer the appeal of YES Camps onto the printed
page.
Starting with the premier issue in May 1996, YES Mag will be 32 full-colour pages of hands-on
projects, challenging brain teasers, environmental updates, the latest from the world of science and
technology, exciting contests, interviews with Canadian scientists, field trips to research labs., and much
more. Suggestions, comments, or questions about YES Mag are most welcome at YES Mag, 4175
Francisco Place, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8N 6H1. Tel: (604)477-5543; Fax: (604)477-5543; e-mail:
[email protected]; URL: http://www.islandnet.com/~yesmag.
28
Physics in Canada /
Vol. 52, No. 1
1996 January/February
Physics and Education
La Physique et Veducation
An artist's
drawing of
the completed
kite flying
system,
(see Race to
*Ktte& <u Caiye
the Stratosphere
<U <ti*t$le engine
/tùifiùuteà.
by D. Hudak et al)
Featuring:
"Race to the Stratosphere" by D.R. Hudak, R.P. Synergy, M . A . Baksh, and A. McCoubrey
"PhD Degrees in Physics Awarded at Canadian Universities in 1995 /
Doctorats décernés en physique dans /es universités canadiennes,
1995"
1 9 9 6 January 26
CANADIAN UNIVERSITY PHYSICS DEPARTMENTS/DÉPARTEMENTS DE PHYSIQUE DANS LES UNIVERSITÉS CANADIENNES
INSTITUTION
HEAD/CHAIR
DIRECTEUR
TELEPHONE NO.
NO. TELEPHONE
Acadia University
C.S. MacLatchy
(902) 542-2201x1401 542-1454
Bishop's University
T. Nagpal
(819) 822-9600
822-9661
A.F. Gulliver
(204) 727-7441
728-7346
F.S. Razavi
(905) 688-5550x3343 682-9020
Carleton University
P.J.S. Watson
(613) 788-4326
Collège Militaire Royal De St-Jean
G. Cory
Concordia University
D. Cheeke
Dalhousie University
Brandon University
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A. Yelon
(514) 340-4768
340-3218
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W.J. Keeler
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343-8023
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P7B 5E1
R. Ul Haq
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546-1252
[email protected]¥R.CA
P. Mascher
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527-8409
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S.P. Reddy
(709) 737-8738
737-8739
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Mount Allison University
P.K. Varma
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EOA 3C0
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J.R. Leslie
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398-8434
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M. Press
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Saint Francis Xavier University
Y.N. Joshi
(902) 867-3977
867-5153
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Saint Mary's University
D.G. Turner
(Î902) 420-5635
420-5261 TURNER@HUSKY1 .STMARYS.CA
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Simon Fraser University
R.F. Frindt
(604) 291-3161
291-3592 R [email protected]
V5A 1S6
Trent University
P.C. Dawson
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K9J 7B8
University of Alberta
E.R. Kanasewich
(403)492-4127
492-0714
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T6G 2J1
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B.G. Turrell
(604) 822-3150
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V6T 1Z1
E.G. Auld
(604) 822-6746
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289-3331
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T2N 1N4
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University of Calgary
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University of Guelph
K.R. Jeffrey
(519) 824-4120x3909 836-9967
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Université Laval
P.L. Amiot
(418)656-2152
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M.K. Ali
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329-2057
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R.C. Barber
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269-8489
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Université de Moncton
T.G. Richard
(506) 858-4341
858-4541 RICH ART® UMONCTON.CA
E1A 3E9
J.R. Derome
(514) 343-6669
343-2071
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H3C 3J7
University of New Brunswick-Fredericton
A. Sharp
(506) 453-4723
453-4581
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E3B 5A3
C.H. Leung
(506) 648-5634
646-5650
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E2L 4L5
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V2L 5P2
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K I N 6N5
-St. John
University of Northern British Columbia
A.H. Hussein
(604) 960-6622
R.J. Hodgson
( 6 1 3 ) 5 6 2 - 5 8 0 0 x 6 7 5 0 562-5190
University of Prince Edward Island
D. Dahn
(902) 566-0599
566-0420 [email protected]
C I A 4P3
Université du Québec i Chicoutimi
M. Suquet
(418)545-5081
545-5012
G7H 2B1
Université du Québec A Montréal
E. Boridy
(514) 987-3097
987-6621
Université du Québec à Rimouski
B. Marinier
(418) 724-1770
723-7234
Université du Québec i Trois-Rivières
G.M. Lefebvre
(819)376-5107
376-5012 [email protected] CA
G9A 5H7
University of Regina
G. Papini
(3061 585-4258
585-4894
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S4S 0A2
960-5545
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H3C: 3P8
C>5L 3A1
University of Saskatchewen
H.S. Caplan
(3061 966-6404
966-6400
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87N 0 W 0
Université de Sherbrooke
S. Jandl
(819) 821-7909
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SERGE.JANDL®PHYSIQUE.USHERB.CA
J1K 2R1
University of Toronto-Physics
D. York
(416)978-5205
978-2625
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M5S 1A7
Z.G. Vranesic
(416)978-2903/4256
978-0828
721-7715
-Engineering Science
University of Victoria
C. Pritchet
(604) 721-7698
J. Lepock
( 5 1 9 ) 8 8 8 - 4 5 6 7 x 2 2 1 4 746-8115
[email protected]
V8W 3P6
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N2L 3G1
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N6A 3K7
University of Western Ontario
D.R. Moorcroft
(519)661-6441
University of Windsor
W.E. Baylis
(519) 253-4232x5041 973-7075
[email protected]
N9B 3P4
University of Winnipeg
E. Tomchuk
(204) 786-9442
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R3B 2E9
Wilfrid Laurier University
J. Lit
( 5 1 9 ) 8 8 4 - 1 9 7 0 x 2 2 7 3 746-0677 JLIT@MACH1 WLU.CA
N2L 3C5
York University
A.D. Stauffer
(416)736-2100x77742
M3J 1P3
30
661-2033
783-7981
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1996 January 25
CANADIAN COLLEGE PHYSICS DEPARTMENTS/DÉPARTEMENTS DE PHYSIQUE DANS LES CEGEPS/COLLEGES CANADIENS
INSTITUTION
HEAD/CHAIR
DIRECTEUR
TELEPHONE NO.
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FAX NO.
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Camosun College
D. Knapton
(604) 370-3510
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Cégep Beauce-Appalaches
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(418) 228-8896
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(4181 833-5110
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(418) 688-8310x2518 688-0087
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(514) 342-1320
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(418) 694-1020
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Please Copy, Post, and Distribute
UPDATED DIRECTORY OF EMPLOYERS OF PHYSICISTS
The Canadian Association of Physicists (CAP) is happy to announce that the Directory of Employers of Physicists, 1995 Edition, is now available to both
members and non-members of the CAP. This Directory has more than nine hundred and fifty entries of Canadian companies and organizations employing
physicists.
To order a copy, simply complete the order form below and return it, with your payment, to the Canadian Association of Physicists, Suite 903, 151 Slater
Street, OTTAWA ON
K1P5H3.
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MISE A JOUR DU RÉPERTOIRE DES EMPLOYEURS DE PHYSICIENS
L'Association canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes (ACPI est heureuse d'annoncer que le Répertoire des employeurs de physiciens, édition 1995, est
maintenant disponible aux membres et non-membres de l'ACP. Ce répertoire réunit plus de neuf cent cinquante fiches d'information sur des compagnies et
organisations canadiennes qui emploient des physiciens.
Pour vous procurer une copie, veuillez remplir le formulaire ci-dessous et le retourner avec votre paiement à l'Association canadienne des physiciens et
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31
Institutional Members // Membres institutionels
(Physics Departments // Départements de physique)
Acadia University
Bishop's University
Brandon University
Brock University
Camosun College
Carieton University
CEGEP Beauce-Appalaches
CEGEP de Chicoutimi
CEGEP de Levis-Lauzon
CEGEP Francois-Xavier-Garneau
Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf
Collège Militaire Royal de St-Jean
Collège Montmorency
Concordia University
Dalhousie University
École Polytechnique
Lakehead University
Le Petit Séminaire de Québec
McGill University
McMaster University
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Mount Allison University
Okanagan University College
Queen's University
Royal Roads Military College, Victoria
Royal Military College, Kingston
Saint Mary's University
St. Francis Xavier University
Simon Fraser University
Trent University
University of Alberta
University of British Columbia
University of Calgary
University of Guelph
Université Laval
University of Lethbridge
Université de Moncton
University of New Brunswick
University of Northern B.C.
University of Prince Edward Island
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Université du Québec à Montréal
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
University of Regina
University of Saskatchewan
Université de Sherbrooke
University of Toronto
University of Western Ontario
University of Windsor
University of Winnipeg
Wilfrid Laurier University
York University
1 9 9 6 Sustaining Members II Membres de Soutien 1 9 9 6
(as at 1 9 9 6 January 19)
A. John Alcock
J. Brian Atkinson
C. Bruce Bigham
Allan I. Carswell
Robert L. Clarke
Gerald Dolling
Gordon W.F. Drake
Earl J. Fjarlie
Brian C. Gregory
Geoffrey C. Hanna
Elmer H. Hara
Roger Howard
32
David D. Isaak
Thomas E. Jackman
J. Larkin Kerwin
James D. King
Ron M. Lees
Roger A. Lessard
A. David May
Jasper S.C. McKee
Jean-Louis Meunier
Elizabeth J. Nicol
Allan A. Offenberger
Roger Philips
Satti Paddi Reddy
Beverly E. Robertson
Lyle P. Robertson
John M. Robson
Donald W.L. Sprung
Alec T. Stewait
Boris P. Stoicheff
Eric C. Svensson
John G.V. Taylor
Henry M. Van Driel
Paul S. Vincetl
Erich Vogt
RACE TO THE STRATOSPHERE
by
D.R. Hudak', R.P. Synergy 2 , M . A . Baksh 3 , and A. McCoubrey 4
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
The 1990s have seen a renaissance in kite
flying
for
scientific
purposes
[11.
Technological advances have created an
environment in w h i c h there are exciting
new possibilities. In 1 9 9 0 , a stack of four
kites (parafoils) w a s f l o w n over Christmas
Island in the trade w i n d s of the equatorial
Pacific [2].
They carried aloft seven
polystyrene
spheres
containing
instrumentation to measure
pressure,
temperature,
relative
humidity,
and
atmospheric electric potential. In 1 9 9 2 , on
the North Atlantic Regional Experiment
over Sable Island, Nova Scotia, kites
supported a tether upon w h i c h ozone
profiling instruments were ferried to an
altitude of 2 . 5 km (3). Also, in 1 9 9 2 , kites
were used in Antarctica [4].
Here, an
instrumented
kite
system
measuring
pressure and temperature w a s used to
determine that the data, on low level
Antarctic temperature inversions, gathered
by
standard
balloon
ascents
were
inaccurate. The kite's ability to remain at
a fixed location allowing its airborne
instruments to reach thermal equilibrium
w a s crucial in establishing that the
balloon's 4 - 5 m s"' ascent rate caused
errors in areas of rapid vertical temperature
gradients.
Historical records suggest that kites were
invented in China or Southeast Asia about
1 0 0 0 BC [5], It w a s , however, the use of
kites by physicists and meteorologists that
really
began
the
long
process
of
development that continued until the early
t w e n t i e t h century. The following examples
illustrate significant scientific advances in
w h i c h kites played a prominent role.
The Race to the Stratosphere Project seeks
to re-establish meteorological kites as
important tools for scientific research. Its
goals are threefold.
They are firstly to
demonstrate that high altitude kite ascents
are possible and that the kites are
controllable and can be used as tools for
scientific
measurements; secondly
to
develop and test
modern
electronic
equipment for gathering accurate and
precise scientific information; and thirdly to
establish that high altitude kites provide a
cost effective means of providing stable
airborne instrument platforms for a variety
of applications. On the w a y to achieving
these goals the venture has undertaken to
break the existing kite altitude records. The
record for flying a single kite on a single
string is 3 8 0 0 m and the ultimate kite
altitude record of multiple kites on a single
string is 9 7 4 0 m.
Kites
have
unique
capabilities
as
state-of-the-art tools for research in the
free atmosphere.
A t the turn of the
century, they were used to facilitate the
first actual measurements of conditions in
the free atmosphere.
N o w , they can
provide
the
most
cost
effective
high-altitude
platforms
for
prolonged
monitoring
of a number of
critical
atmospheric variables.
1
2
3
4
Benjamin Franklin [61
Franklin believed that clouds tend to
become electrified and that a lightning
discharge is simply a rapid release of
electrical energy from the clouds. To prove
this hypothesis. Franklin performed w h a t is
probably the most famous of all scientific
kite applications by lofting a kite into an
approaching thunderstorm in 1752. The
kite itself, the size of a large handkerchief,
w a s made of silk attached to t w o strips of
cedar in the shape of a cross. To the top
of the kite a very sharp pointed wire w a s
fixed. To the end of the string next to his
hand a key w a s fastened.
After a
considerable time Franklin noticed some
loose threads of the string standing erect.
He immediately
presented his knuckle to
the key, observed a spark and received an
electrical shock.
From the electricity that coursed through
the string, he concluded that lightning and
electricity were the same thing, i.e., that a
lightning
discharge
is
an
electrical
phenomenon.
No doubt the
most
important
effect
of
the
lightning
experiments w a s to s h o w that the
laboratory phenomenon in w h i c h rods were
rubbed to the accompaniment of sparks,
and induced charges and electrical shocks,
belong to a class of phenomena occurring
naturally.
Franklin's experiment proved
that electrical effects are in fact part of the
routine operations of nature.
Gugliemo Marconi 171
Marconi hoped to span the Atlantic by
wireless telegraphy. Already, Hertz in his
early
experiments
had
shown
that
electromagnetic w a v e s obeyed exactly the
same laws of reflection and refraction as
did light w a v e s . Marconi w a s convinced
that these w a v e s could span the Atlantic
Ocean by following the curvature of the
earth. The range w a s t w e n t y times that
previously achieved. In addition there w a s
a mountain of water 2 0 0 km high between
transmitter and receiver.
His experiment consisted of the following.
The transmitter w a s at Poldhu in Cornwall,
UK. The receiver w a s located at Signal Hill,
Newfoundland, the easternmost part of
North America. Due to time and financial
constraints a masted receiving antenna
w a s not possible. A t the appointed time,
the Morse Code letter " S " (for ease of
recognition) w a s transmitted from Poldhu.
The transmitted power w a s about 12 kW
and the wavelength 3 6 6 m. Foul weather
in Newfoundland continually bedeviled the
reception of the transmissions. A balloon
4 m in diameter carrying the aerial aloft
w a s ripped free of its tether. In its place,
w i t h the w i n d s gale force and vicious,
Marconi and his crew launched a kite to
w h i c h an aerial w a s attached. Shortly
thereafter, on December 12, 1 9 0 1 , three
faint, but unmistakable, clicks were heard
through the earphone connected to the
receiver.
This
first
trans-Atlantic
transmission had been made possible by an
aerial raised some 120 m above Signal Hill,
using a kite w i t h a 6 m 2 surface. The
aerial wire itself w a s 180 m long. He had
proved that electric w a v e s could be
transmitted across the Atlantic.
The Wright Brothers
[81
The flying of kites w a s one stage in the
carefully graded experiments of the Wright
Brothers.
In August 1 8 9 9 they built a
biplane kite. This kite, w i t h rigid wings in a
biplane configuration, used a rudimentary
w i n g - w a r p i n g control s y s t e m for lateral
balance, i.e., differential lift on opposite
sides of the w i n g to achieve lateral balance
by t w i s t i n g the w i n g panels in alternate
directions.
The w i n g s of the flying
machine that w o u l d successfully carry a
human being into the air over an isolated
North Carolina beach in 1 9 0 3 were based
on those of this kite. It had a span from
tip to tip of 1.5 m and a chord (the
distance from the leading to trailing edge
of the wing) of 0 . 3 m. The w i n g had an
arched profile. The kite w a s f l o w n by a
s y s t e m of control lines, lines that enabled
the w i n g s to be warped either up or down.
The 1 8 9 9 kite afforded a comparatively
simple
and
inexpensive
means
of
developing and testing their wing-warping
control
system,
one
of
the
most
fundamental aspects of their invention.
They continually returned to kiting to make
tests of new designs and to analyze
puzzling results observed in free glides. It
allowed them to evaluate their theories and
experimental data under actual flight
conditions for extended periods of time. In
1 9 0 0 they increased their
kite-glider's
Environment Canada, King City. Ontario
Synergistic Researches, Toronto, Ontario
Mark IV Industries Ltd., Mississauga, Ontario
Department of Electrical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
33
span to 6 m and the chord to 1.6 m. The
final weight of the kite w a s 2 4 kg. In
1 9 0 2 they again increased the kite-glider
span, this time to 10 m. By doing this they
doubled the kite-glider's aspect ratio (the
ratio of w i n g span to chord). The dramatic
effect of airfoil efficiency on flight
performance of the 1 9 0 2 glider w a s
displayed quite visibly w h e n it w a s f l o w n
as a kite. Earlier versions f l e w at very high
angles of attack w i t h the control lines
ascending to the kite at an angle of 4 5 °
above the horizontal. The 1 9 0 2 version
could be f l o w n at a low angle of attack
w i t h the control lines nearly vertical.
Alexander Graham Bell [61
While the Wright Brothers consciously
chose unstable supporting surfaces that
had to be controlled by the aviator to keep
them flying. Bell w o r k e d on the problem of
building in stability w h i c h in the long run
contributed to the development of aircraft
w h i c h were easy to f l y . He set about
developing a kite that w a s strong, light,
and above all stable. He developed the
regular tetrahedron as a basic cell for
compound kites.
Since each cell is
triangular, it is inherently rigid and needs
no additional bracing. A n y number of such
cells can be connected together w i t h o u t
changing the surface-to-weight ratio. His
standard cell w a s 10 inches on a side. In
1907, Bell built a tetrahedral structure
consisting of 3 3 9 3 such cells.
On
December 6, 1 9 0 7 , this multi-celled kite
w a s launched by a steamer on Baddeck
Bay, Nova Scotia. W i t h a person onboard,
the kite f l e w beautifully for 7 minutes and
then w a s allowed to settle on the w a t e r .
The Cygnet, as the kite w a s named, had
risen to 6 0 m and descended so slowly
that the passenger onboard, w h o s e vision
w a s obscured by the structure, did not
realize that he w a s dropping until the kite
reached the surface.
Kites and Meteorology
Kite-flying and meteorology have a close
relationship. The ability of a kite to fly
depends on the meteorological conditions,
and kites themselves have played a key
role in the development of modern day
meteorology.
Alexander Wilson, a Scotsman, w a s the
first to use kites for meteorological
purposes [6]. He f l e w a series of kites in
train to measure upper air temperatures.
The kites were f r o m 1 m to 2 m in length.
To
obtain
information,
he
released
thermometers w i t h bushy tassels of paper
tied to them from some of the higher kites.
Around
1840,
Espy,
an
American
meteorologist, used kites f l o w n by the
Franklin Kite Club to determine cloud base
height of convective clouds [61. He w a s
then able t o relate these heights to the
surface temperature and dewpoint. From
this came the first estimate of the
temperature lapse rate in convective
conditions. For the first time, updrafts
were detected below cloud bases.
But it w a s E.D. Archibald, a British
meteorologist, w h o is credited
with
initiating
the
kite
as
a
serious
34
meteorological tool [61. - a use that
continued into the 1930s. In 1883, he
established that kites were superior to
balloons for some purposes. His principle
object w a s to measure the increase in
w i n d velocity w i t h increasing elevation.
He w a s the first to use piano wire for the
flying line. Archibald's original kites were
of the conventional diamond type, w i t h
tails, and were made of silk and bamboo.
They were f l o w n in tandem. A t various
points on the wire Archibald attached four
self-recording anemometers, weighing 0 . 7
kg each. He reached heights ranging from
6 0 m to 5 0 0 m. In 1886 he w a s the first
t o take aerial photographs from a camera
that w a s carried aloft by a kite.
Archibald's w o r k w a s followed up by
efforts of many organizations in the United
States and Europe.
One of the most
prominent w a s the Blue Hill Observatory
near Harvard. In 1894, William A. Eddy, a
journalist and kite designer from New York,
came to Blue Hill for the purpose of lifting
instruments into the lower atmosphere
w i t h his kites [91.
A
lightweight
thermograph weighting
1.1 kg
was
constructed w i t h a basket placed over the
instrument to screen the sensor from
radiation. On August 4 , 1894, using a
series of five Malay tailless kites, the
thermograph w a s carried aloft to an
altitude of 4 2 7 m, as measured by optical
theodolites 100 m apart.
The 4 hr
continuous
recording
of
temperature
obtained from this flight w a s the first of its
kind in the world, marking the start of
worldwide
pressure,
humidity,
and
sometimes
wind
soundings
of
the
atmosphere.
Improvements
in
techniques
quickly
followed.
In 1895 a meteograph w a s
developed that could measure pressure,
temperature
and
wind
speed.
Twenty-eight flights were made that year,
the highest ascent being to 567 m. The
late
1800s
saw
two
important
improvements that dramatically Increased
the maximum height and reliability of the
kites. In 1896, piano wire w a s adopted
for the kite line. A t this time, the w i n c h , a
hand
cranked
reel
mounted
on a
wheelbarrow, had devices attached t o it t o
measure the amount reeled out, the
inclination of the wire, and the amount of
pull on the line. The highest flight that
year w a s 2 6 5 1 m. In 1897 the second
advancement w a s the development of a
mechanized w i n c h . A two-horsepower
kerosene-fired
steam
engine
was
developed to drive it. The wire w a s first
w o u n d around a strain pulley thus avoiding
the tremendous compressional forces that
built up on reels, and then onto the storage
reel. Oil w a s automatically dropped onto
the wire to prevent rust.
In 1897 a
meteograph w a s raised 3 5 7 1 m above sea
level, the highest for the year. It w a s lifted
by t w o kites while other kites supported
the wire at distances of 2 k m and 3.5 k m
from the top of the line. A total of 6 . 3 km
of wire w a s out w h e n the kite reached its
highest level; pull ranged from 4 5 to 68
kg.
Maximum altitudes continued to
increase.
The maximum altitude by a
single kite of 3 8 0 0 m , a record that still
stands, w a s reached ir 1 8 9 6 . The peak in
activity w a s in 1 9 0 0 . During that year,
the mean height of 2 5 7 6 m w a s achieved.
The highest w a s 4 8 1 6 m. By this time the
kites could be reeled in and out rapidly,
sometimes
at
rates
exceeding
the
equivalent of 100 m min" 1 of vertical
height. The kite flyinçi experimentation at
Blue Hill w a s terminated in 1904. It w a s
felt that the instrumental development and
flying technology were "perfected" by that
time. However, soundings by means of
kites continued for many years, mostly on
designated "international d a y s " . W i t h the
start of hostilities ir World War 1, all
international cooperation ended.
With
t h a t , the exchange of sounding datn and
the kite sounding program at Blue Hill
ended quietly.
The scientific benefit from the Blue Hill
Program w a s immense.
Bjerknes, the
Norwegian meteorologist w h o developed
the frontal theory that Is still the basis of
modern day weather forecasting, credited
kite soundings from Elue Hill as providing
the necessary observational data for his
cyclone
development
theory
to
be
advanced and tested. Bjerknes proposed
that
baroclinicity
(strong
horizontal
temperature gradients in the atmosphere)
w a s the basic source of energy convorsion
in cyclone development.
Kite sounding
data s h o w e d baroclinic zones to be present
ahead and behind the storm centre
corresponding to w h a t were later k n o w n
as frontal zones. Clayton, an American
meteorologist,
in
1899
related
kite
sounding data to their position relative to
cyclones and anticyclones. From this, t w o
important aspects of atmospheric structure
were revealed. Firstly, Clayton concluded
that axis of the cyclone, more generally
k n o w n as a low pressure system, slopes
w e s t w a r d w i t h height. He also concluded
that cyclones and anticyclones are but
secondary phenomena in great w a v e s
(later to become k n o w n as Rossby waves)
of alternately w a r m and cold air that
sweep across the United States. From kite
ascensions of long duration came the
discoveries of the planetary boundary
layer. It w a s learned that diurnal change
of temperature, f o u n d at all heights on
mountain stations, disappeared at a height
of about 1 k m in the free air and that the
temperature is generally lower and the
w i n d speed higher on mountains than in
the free air.
The U.S. Weather Bureau opened sixteen
observation stations in 1 8 9 8 , w h i c h
simultaneously sent up instrument-carrying
kites [ 1 0 ] . By 1 9 1 9 , however, progress
made w i t h sounding balloons led the
Weather Bureau to curtail daily kite
ascensions and continue such flights only
on special occasion*.
Eventually, the
inauguration
of airplane
observations
superseded kite stations in 1931 and the
last kite station, Elleridale, North Dakota,
w a s closed in July 1 £)33.
Outside of the U.S. the most active kite
flying program w a s the German Weather
Bureau. The record for the highest flying
train of kites on a single line w a s set
between Lindenberg and Herzberg in
Germany on August 1, 1919. This flight,
w h i c h involved a series of eight kites,
reached a maximum altitude of 9 7 4 0 m.
The kite line broke during retrieval w h e n
the line tension w a s 145 kg [ 1 1 ] ,
KITE FLYING SYSTEM
The kite flying s y s t e m being developed by
the Race to the Stratosphere Project that
will launch a series of kites to stratospheric
heights has m u c h in c o m m o n w i t h the
system designed at Blue Hill in the early
1900s. A Hargrave kite is n o w replaced
w i t h a biplane shaped box kite, a
theodolite for determining positioning by a
GPS
range
finder,
a
mechanical
meteograph
to
record
data
by
a
microprocessor, and a w i n c h powered w i t h
a steam engine by one controlled by
hydraulic motors. The one aspect that is
unchanged is piano wire for the kite line.
Theoretical Considerations
To
estimate
the
maximum
height
achievable
by
the
kite
required
a
determination
of the equilibrium
point
between the lift and drag forces present.
The aerodynamic lift on the kite is the
result of both N e w t o n ' s third law of
motion via the d o w n w a r d deflection of the
air flowing t o w a r d s the kite, and the
Bernoulli principle w h i c h says that fluids in
motion exert less pressure on their
surroundings
the faster they
move.
Mechanical lift from u p w a r d m sving air,
e.g., thermals, orographic upslope f l o w ,
can also provide additional lift. Wings w i t h
both a top and b o t t o m surface were used
rather
than
sail-like
wings
because
two-surfaced airfoils generate more than
t w i c e the lift of single-surfaced airfoils.
vividly over Sable Island in 1 9 9 4 (13). A n
unexpectedly strong w i n d gust aloft
(estimated at around 2 0 m s ') snapped a
flying line, and the kite along w i t h the
recording instruments w a s lost in the
ocean. Optimally, one w a n t s line of
maximum tensile strength to avoid line
breakage and minimum radius to reduce
drag on the system.
As one ascends in the atmosphere, w i n d
speed increases approximately linearly
while air density decreases exponentially.
There comes a point in the middle
troposphere where winds cease increasing
in speed and where the effect of the
density decrease dominates
the
lift
equation.
A t this point, the kite will
experience decreased lift w i t h increasing
height.
However, the weight
and
aerodynamic drag of the line will continue
to increase. Calculations show that at this
point the drag of the line is comparable to
its weight and almost an order of
magnitude more than the drag on the kite.
The line drag is clearly the height limiting
factor in the kite ascent.
Kite Design and
Structure
The Race to the Stratosphere kite is very
special. Its long thin wings and vertical
panels are designed for high L/D ratios and
good flight stability.
Figure 1 is an
illustration of the completed kite.
(1)
The aerodynamic drag, D k , from the kite is
given by the relationship of the same form
as (1)
2
(2)
Fig. 1
For the line drag, D L , w e have
DLoc / j V 2 R H
An artist'* drawing of the completed
kite flying system. (See front cover
for photograph in colour).
(3)
where R is the radius of the line and H is
the line length.
It is beyond the scope of this treatment to
give a detailed discussion of the lift to drag
calculations (see for example [ 12) and [2]).
But the form of equations ( 1 ) to (3) provide
a basis for considering some of the trade
offs that must be made in designing the
system. One major limitation is that the
excess of lift over drag, as the kite is
ascending, must not exceed the strength
of the kite line. This w a s illustrated very
A view of the interior of one of the
1 . 3 m panels comprising the wings of
the kite.
The front wings of the kite are connected
to the rear assembly by t w i n booms. The
horizontal tail can tilt to change the angle
of attack on the front w i n g s , in similar
fashion to the full flying tail on some
sailplanes. The kite will w e i g h about 25 kg,
and constructed so as to allow easy
assembly, disassembly and transportability.
Winch Design and Structure
where p is air density, A is w i n g area and
V is the w i n d speed.
The lift is
counteracted by w e i g h t and aerodynamic
drag, both from the kite and kite line.
D k oc p A V
Fig. 2
In order to achieve stratospheric heights,
piano wire rather than the more c o m m o n
kite line of Kevlar w a s chosen. Although
heavier than Kevlar, piano w i r e ' s higher
tensile strength and smaller diameter make
it superior in terms of reduced line drag.
The lift, L, is given by the relationship
LocpAV2
reinforce the w i n g s . Carbon fibre arrow
shafts, anchored in balsa-plywood sockets,
join the upper and lower w i n g . Guy wires
crisscross b e t w e e n these anchor points.
As s h o w n , the kite will be built in the
shape of a small biplane. The span of the
wings will be approximately 10 m and the
chord 1.3 m. The wings were based on a
Selig-Donovan, SD 7 0 6 2 airfoil [ 1 4 ] , w h i c h
is optimized to perform
well at low
Reynolds numbers.
Each of the wings
encloses a skeleton of spars and ribs
(Figure 2). These structural members are
cut from Styrofoam. The w i n g skin itself is
also Styrofoam covered w i t h a thin veneer
of fibreglass.
In addition, carbon-fibre
compression struts and crossbracing wires
The kite will be tethered to a "smart"
w i n c h at the ground. The long kite line, 16
km, necessitated that the w i n c h had to be
m u c h more sophisticated than an enlarged
fishing reel.
It will be powered by an
electronically controlled hydraulic system
that will be mounted on a trailer
approximately 2 . 5 m w i d e and 4 . 0 m in
length (Figure 3). Circumstances dictated
tandem capstans that both "friction" the
piano-wire and prevent it from overlapping
itself during fast pay-out and retrieval
(Figure 4). Hydraulic motors were chosen
as the prime movers, their compactness
and relative insensitivity to high voltage
discharge gave hydraulics the edge over
electric motors. The unit will be capable of
soft start, soft stop, line tension control
and reel tension control. Its operations will
be controlled by a computer.
This
computer will exercise an almost human
level of intelligence in managing the kite
line. By sensing the strain on the line the
w i n c h will payout and retrieve line so as to
minimize the chances of it breaking.
35
diesel fuel
50 gênons
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
A plan view of the winch configuration. The boom of the
winch can swing through 3 6 0 ( »o the wire going to the
kite stay* cradled In the "V" of the pulley* regardless of
the position of the kite In the sky.
A aide view of the winch mounted on a trailer. The piano
wire comes off Its storage reel, passes through a level wind
and over a reel tension sensor, then around a pulley and up
to the winch capstans. After being fricttoned by the
capstans It passes through a kite tension sensor and up to
the kite.
Again, t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n w i l l be s u c h as t o
allow easy a s s e m b l y , disassembly and
transportability. In addition, it w i l l include
an enclosure t o ensure operator s a f e t y .
Solid s t a t e meteorological sensors
will
be
m o u n t e d in one of t h e
wings.
They
will
measure
pressure,
temperature,
relative
humidity
and
wind
speed.
There w i l l be
t w o cameras a t t a c h e d
t o the kite. T h e y w i l l be
used t o monitor t h e kite
and also t o observe the
environment.
The
cameras w i l l be 6 c m
square, light
weight,
low
powered
digital
devices,
which
will
t r a n s m i t signals t h r o u g h
a 9 1 5 MHz " U p Conv e r t e r " t o a ground
receiver.
The
microprocessor w i l l also be
used t o control
the
camera
direction
of
v i e w and f o c u s .
To p r o t e c t t h e w i r e
from
breaking,
the
feedback c o n t r o l s y s t e m
w i l l be designed t o keep
t h e tension of the w i r e
b e t w e e n critical values
(Figure 6).
A
strain
gauge w i l l be a t t a c h e d
b e t w e e n t h e kite bridle
and t h e f l y w i r e t o
measure the t e n s i o n on
the w i r e .
A stepper
motor w i t h a screw
drive w i l l be a t t a c h e d t o
the
adjustable
back
w i n g of t h e kite.
The
microprocessor
will
monitor t h e tension on
Block Diagram of the Kile Electronic System
•H MCT
[TCMPBtATm>E5EWS0S^»M
| IJX
IPMSSUKE S E W O K
I M
3
'
JSTHAIN SENSOR
|"»
AND —»
I H U M P I T Y SEMSOK
:
'FACE |
r~
PANI
MC
IROPROCESSOR
. i1. l : t -.y*
[SERIAL P<
{BATTERY AND I
WII-'H SJ
E * g MTftY I
IWPCSEWSO»
I—
RF RECEIVER
A.ND
TRANSMITTER
I
VIDEO
I
I : MMM nag
é
VIDEO
I
RECEIVER I
Fig. 5
KntELECItOMCS
J
RF RECOVER
AN)
TRANSMITTER
«OUNDÏIATION
I
J- . I «owe hHmfumt I
]
A block diagram of the electronics for
the kite flying system.
Feedback Control System
STRAIN GAGE
ON THE KITE
BRIDLE
MICROPROCESSOR
-
•
MOTOR
POSITION SENSOR
ON BACK WING
«I
OF KITE
Fig. 6
A
schematic
depiction
of
the
feedback control system to adjuit Une
tension to remain within ecoeptable
t h e w i r e t h r o u g h t h e data acquisition
s y s t e m and t h e n d r i v e t h e m o t o r t o adjust
t h e back w i n g if the t e n s i o n is outside t h e
required values. The a d j u s t m e n t w i l l alter
t h e lift of t h e kite t o acceptable levels. A
stepper m o t o r w i t h a spindle w a s selected
because it only requires p o w e r during t h e
t i m e it is adjusting t h e w i n g , after w h i c h it
maintains its position.
t o c o m p u t e t h e k i t e ' s position. GPS signals
are v e r y resistive t o interference a n d can
operate in all w e a t h e r . In t h e event the kite
line breaks and t h e kite is lost, a
t r a n s m i t t e r on t h e kite w i l l be c o m m a n d e d
to
transmit
a
carrier
frequency
c o n t i n u o u s l y . This signal can be used t o
track t h e location of the kite in an e f f o r t t o
retrieve it.
The microprocessor w i l l be an 8 b i t / 4 MHz
device. The l o w speed w i l l reduce t h e
p o w e r c o n s u m p t i o n . It w i l l have a real t i m e
c l o c k , serial c o m m u n i c a t i o n port, digital
ports, 6 4 K PROM a n d 2K R A M . The o u t p u t
f r o m t h e various sensors w i l l be multiplexed t o an amplifier,
Table 1 : Data Acquisition and Sensor System Components
w h i c h w i l l a m p l i f y the
signal for the A n a l o g t o
Section
Components
Digital converter.
The
Meteorological Sensing pressure, temperature, wind speed,
Global
Positioning
wind direction, relative humidity
S y s t e m (GPS), w i l l be
strain gauge, TV cameras
Kite Control Sensing
used t o determine the
servo
motors
actuating
control
Control Mechanism
altitude of the Kite very
surfaces
accurately (less t h a n 5
Data Processing
microprocessor (8 bit device, operating
meters).
This w i l l be
at 4 MHz)
done by a GPS range
Positioning
tracking beacon, GPS range finder
finder on the kite t h a t
2 transceivers (one for video, one for
Communications
w i l l monitor t h e signals
data)
from
the
Global
Base Station
2 receivers, transmitter, workstation,
Positioning
Satellites
data archiving, data display, link to
and use this i n f o r m a t i o n
Internet
All the data collected by t h e data
acquisition s y s t e m w i l l be t r a n s m i t t e d
c o n t i n u o u s l y t o t h e ground station. The
c o m m u n i c a t i o n s y s t e m w i l l consist of a
low power, continuous w a v e transmitter
operating in t h e T w o meter Band, i.e., t h e
H a m Radio range. The data f r o m t h e
microprocessor
w i l l be sent t o
the
t r a n s m i t t e r in R S 2 3 2 f o r m a t , operating as
a half duplex at 3 0 0 baud. During the t i m e
t h e kite is not sending data t h e c o m p u t e r
c a n t r a n s m i t c o m m a n d s t o t h e kite.
Data A c q u i s i t i o n and Kite Control Sensor
System
A c o m p u t e r , as small as a p o s t a g e s t a m p ,
w i l l acquire data a n d pilot t h e kite. This
electronics p a c k a g e is c o m p r i s e d of s e v e n
s e c t i o n s , six aloft plus a g r o u n d s t a t i o n .
The setup is s h o w n schematically in
Figure 6. The c o m p o n e n t s of t h e various
sections are given in Table 1.
36
The base s t a t i o n , housed in a trailer, w i l l
consist of t w o receivers, a t r a n s m i t t e r , and
a p e n t i u m PC. The c o m p u t e r w i l l archive
and display t h e data. The video data w i l l
be sent t o a VCR for display. There w i l l
also be an Internet link. This w i l l permit
the export of data in near real time t o a
W e b site and also t h e acquisition of real
t i m e w e a t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n and satellite
pictures necessary for decision making at
mission control.
In summary, the s y s t e m will function in the
following manner. The microprocessor in
the data control module will receive data
from the various sensors. It will, via the
servo motor in the kite control module,
automatically stabilize the kite by tilting the
tail and prevent the line tension from
becoming excessive. In addition, all this
information will be downlinked to the
ground station in the communications
module. This module will also have up-link
capability. The communication s y s t e m will
be
responsible
for
the
beacon
transmissions
for
kite
tracking
and
recovery. The ground station w i l l receive,
record, and display the video and data
information in real time. It will also be
equipped w i t h a transmitter that will enable
ground control to monitor and if necessary
send instructions to the kite to override the
automatic
kite control s y s t e m in the
microprocessor.
WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR KITE
FLYING
A n illustration of the importance of suitable
flying conditions occurred over Sable Island
in 1994. There, kites could not get above
3 5 0 0 m due to "dead air" at that level
[ 1 3 ] . For this reason, it w a s decided at
the outset
that
the
most
suitable
atmospheric condition in w h i c h to carry
out these initial experiments is in the
"mountain w a v e s " to the lee of The
Rockies [ 1 5 ] , Under these circumstances
the f l o w aloft is k n o w n to be laminar and
associated w i t h fair weather. The updrafts
on the u p w i n d side of the w a v e s , of the
order of a f e w m s " ' , w o u l d provide
additional lift. These w a v e conditions are
very reliable both w i t h respect to their
geographic location and our ability to
recognize in advance their occurrence.
The necessary conditions for these w a v e s
are the following: the w i n d speed at the
crest of the mountain barrier be at least
12 m s"', the w i n d speed must increase
w i t h height; the w i n d direction must be
uniform w i t h height and w i t h i n 3 0 ° to the
barrier; and the airmass be stable, i.e.,
temperature should increase w i t h height or
at least not decrease too quickly. The final
criterion further implies that the weather
will be fine w i t h no threat of precipitation
or lightning. When the delicate balance of
winds and temperatures in the troposphere
is suitable, these w a v e s can propagate
vertically and extend right up to the
stratosphere.
In these circumstances,
there is usually only one w a v e and it has
a w e s t w a r d tilt to its axis. In some cases
the w a v e slopes may steepen until the
waves break similar to w a v e s breaking in
the ocean surf. This phenomenon is at the
origin of the familiar Chinook winds found
in the lee of The Rockies and also of
severe downslope w i n d s at the ground. A
more c o m m o n occurrence is that the
waves become trapped in the lowest 5 to
6 km of the troposphere.
The vertical
propagation of the w a v e can be inhibited in
three w a y s : extreme stability in the
temperature stratification; a decrease in
the w i n d speed w i t h height so as to
produce a critical layer whereby the w i n d
speed matches the propagation speed of
the w a v e ; or a change in w i n d direction.
In this eventuality, the wavelengths are
shorter, and a number of secondary w a v e s
are produced because the duct between
the trapped layer and the ground protects
the w a v e s from dissipation rather like light
w a v e s in a fiber optics cable.
The relationship used to assess the
conditions necessary for mountain w a v e s
is the so called Scorer parameter (S) [ 1 6 ] .
It is defined as
Nl
&
2
u
w a v e s thus increasing their amplitude and
fixing their position more firmly. Also, the
airspace above in this valley is under the
stewardship of the Alberta Soaring Council
and is already cleared by Transport Canada
for high altitude flights. The "Canadian
Altitude Record" for sailplanes w a s set at
this location.
\
Edmon
•
\
\
\
Albert 0
\
British
Saskatchewan
Colgory
Columbibv
\
(4)
Kelowno
Pin Che Cr
1
k
i
where:
i
G eot^ Falls
is
the
Brunt-Vaisala
0 dz
frequency, U is horizontal w i n d speed, g is
acceleration of gravity, 6 is potential
temperature and z is height.
JV = a. i®
S can be interpreted as a measure of the
natural wavelength of an air parcel
oscillating freely in the stable environment.
A necessary criterion for mountain w a v e s
to exist is that
4
o
z
< o
and S 2 be high
Washington j
s
Montana
Oregon
i
)
i
Fig. 7
A reference map of the region
surrounding the experimental site In
southwestern Alberta.
Fig. 8
A sketch of the flying area just north
of the Cowley airport between the
Livingstone Range and the Porcupine
Hilts.
The solid lines depict height
contours.
(5)
at the ridge level
Profiles of the Scorer parameter were
calculated from 10 years of upper air data
from Great Falls Montana (Figure 7).
Based on the criterion of equation (5) the
results indicated that mountain w a v e s
occur
most
often
in the
autumn.
Discussions w i t h the Alberta Weather
Centre in Edmonton [17] and the Alberta
Soaring Association in Cowley
[18]
confirmed these findings. Furthermore,
these
discussions
revealed
that
southwestern Alberta has the highest
frequency of lee w a v e s .
There, the
orientation of the Continental Divide w h i c h
effectively follows the
Alberta-British
Columbia
border
changes
from
north-south,
to
northwest-southeast
(Figure 7). This change serves to focus
the winds in a manner favourable for lee
w a v e s [ 1 9 ] . The consensus is that in
southwestern Alberta in the fall about 4 0 %
of the time mountain w a v e s will occur.
Further discussions w i t h the Alberta
Weather Centre and the Alberta Soaring
Association led to the decision that the
field experiment should be conducted in
October just north of Pincher Creek,
Alberta (Figure 7). Pincher Creek is located
about 150 miles south of Calgary and
5 0 km east of the Continental Divide. The
flying field lies in a valley between the
Livingstone Range, the easternmost range
of The Rockies, and the Porcupine Hills
(Figure 8). The natural wavelengths of the
mountain waves frequently match the
w i d t h of the valley.
This results in a
constructive interference between the
One other aspect of the environment that
must
be considered
is
atmospheric
electricity. The w i n c h will be bolted to the
flat bed truck in such a w a y as to ensure
good electrical connection. A n electrical
cable will be connected to the truck at one
end and the other end will be clamped to
grounding rods buried in the earth. During
the experiment the operator will be
electrically connected to the truck for
safety.
37
Ed. Note: Please ensure that the operator
must jump in order t o leave the truck - NO
STEPPING D O W N ALLOWED.
SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS
The potential scientific benefits of the Race
to the Stratosphere Project have been
recognized
within
the
scientific
c o m m u n i t y . Seven prominent scientists
from Environment Canada, the Ministry of
the Environment of Ontario, Ontario Hydro,
National Energy Board, Hokkaido University
in Japan, and Los Alamos National
Laboratory in the U.S. have all endorsed
the program in w r i t i n g and expressed
interest in using the resultant technology.
Typical payloads of 2 0 kg t o 4 0 kg
(depending on the desired height) could be
held aloft in the troposphere for prolonged
periods of time.
Meteorological Applications
Current technology w o u l d permit the
measurement by kites not only of basic
fields such as pressure, temperature,
humidity, and w i n d s but also derived fields
such as aerosol components,
ozone
concentrations, electric fields, solar and
infrared radiation fields and turbulence [ 2 0 ]
[21].
One recent paper described an
instrument to take ultraviolet actinic flux
measurements in the free atmosphere that
weighs only 150 g [ 2 1 ] .
The First Prospectus Development Team of
the U.S. Weather Research Program h a s ,
concluded that "the main stumbling block
to realizing significant progress in basic
research and operational meteorology is
the need for better measurements of the
atmosphere"
[22],
One particularly
significant shortcoming is poorly resolved
and
inaccurate
measurement
of
atmospheric w a t e r vapour. The problem is
that w a t e r vapour, unlike temperature,
pressure, and w i n d is not constrained by
dynamics to vary slowly and thus exhibits
profound
small
scale
structure.
Instrumentation carried aloft by a kite
flying s y s t e m to remain on station for
prolonged periods is not only the most cost
effective, but the only technology capable
of taking the continuous observations in
appropriate detail in the free atmosphere
necessary to address this issue. A second
question raised by this report is the
representation
in
numerical
weather
prediction models of the continuous scales
of motion due to the earth's topography
[22].
There has remained an artificial
division between resolved and unresolved
orographically
generated
phenomena.
Internal w a v e s excited by f l o w over
topographic features on the ground often
break in the troposphere and lower
stratosphere, providing a net drag on the
large scale f l o w . In-situ observations of
these w a v e s for extended periods will be
necessary
to
improve
model
parameterization so that internal w a v e
breaking can be adequately represented
numerically. Again, the kite flying s y s t e m
could fill the void in a manner not possible
except by direct aircraft measurements.
38
Kites could be a valuable tool in the study
of climate change and global warming.
Their ability to do long term measurements
of solar and terrestrial radiation in the free
atmosphere w o u l d help resolve the role of
clouds in the climate system. To date,
global circulation models rely solely on
observations of the atmosphere taken
remotely by satellites or from the ground.
Information at cloud level is sorely lacking.
The Canadian Global Energy and Water
Cycle Experiment, that will be taking
detailed observations over the Mackenzie
Basin in 1997, is considering the feasibility
of using the kite flying system [ 2 3 ] . Other
studies that w o u l d benefit f r o m this aerial
perspective include studies of atmospheric
pollution [2] and environmental monitoring
and assessment [ 2 4 ] ,
Non-Meteorological Applications
The kite-flying system can make detailed
observations from an aerial perspective.
Aerial photography from kites is becoming
increasingly popular [ 2 5 ] . The kite flying
system described in this paper could easily
include live video as an output. In this
regard, the kite could be attached either to
a fixed or moving frame of reference.
Disciplines that could benefit from a high
altitude observation platform include the
following: wildlife (migration), conservation
(hydrology), forestry (insects), agriculture
(crops), transportation (traffic patterns),
and
law
enforcement
(security).
Entomological studies of insect migrations
on Tenerife, Canary Islands [ 2 6 ] and in
Australia [27] have reported some success
using kites to raise collection nets. Also,
kites could be f l o w n from ships to observe
the marine environment. Monitoring an oil
spill w o u l d be an instance w h e n kites could
be a very valuable tool.
A number of applications spring to mind in
the field of communication.
During the
record attempts near Pincher Creek, the
Ham radio operators in the Calgary area
are planning to do a transmission using the
kite line as the antenna. Research into
microwave propagation could make use of
stationary flying platforms such as these.
In times of emergency, such configurations
could serve as temporary communications
t o w e r s in a manner analogous to Marconi's
experiment in 1902.
In the field of energy, there have been
some feasibility studies into the use of
kite-sails for wind-assisted ship propulsion
[ 2 8 ] . The proof of concept occurred in
1981 w h e n a heavily modified Tornado
catamaran powered by a stack of 15
parafoils, each w i t h an area of 1.1 m 2 , set
the world C class speed record [ 2 9 ] .
Having the driving force applied to the hull
at deck level, where the kite lines are
attached, and having the kite lines
attached f o r w a r d at deck level thus
tending to lift the b o w out of the water
were the main advantages in setting the
record. In the larger sense, research and
development in solar and w i n d energy is
expanding as the need to improve energy
efficiency and reduce reliance on more
conventional fuels accelerates.
Solar
radiation data collected by a kite flying
system w o u l d be valuable both as input to
and verification of radiative transfer
models. These models are a key factor in
determining the applicability of solar
energy to energy efficiency. W i n d energy
could benefit from a kite flying system in
areas such as regional w i n d resource
studies, development and evaluation of
dispersion models arid the effects of
weather phenomena such as ice accretion
on w i n d turbines.
OUTLOOK
Not since the days of Alexander Graham
Bell has w o r l d class kite-research been
conducted on Canadian soil. Now is the
time for Canada to utilize its expertise in
an effort to establish itself as a world
leader in high altitude kites and rosoarch
equipment.
The
scientific
venture
comprises a unique taam of researchers
representing government and academic
institutions as well as the private sector.
They are at the poin: of validation and
performance testing t o advance this new
technology.
The immediate future calls for the field
experiment near Pincher Creek in October
to set the w o r l d altitude record for single
and multiple kites.
Once the issue of
altitude is settled, attention must turn to
longevity to demonstrate the ability of the
kite flying system to remain airborne for
prolonged periods of t me. The versatility
of the system will have to be developed so
that it can be used ir> a variety of flying
conditions.
The challenges are formidable and broad in
scope. The fields of atmospheric science,
electronic
engineer ng,
aerodynamic
engineering, and hydraulic engineering all
play key roles.
In order to meet the
ultimate goal of carrying out scientific
studies world-wide, stable funding will be
required. For those interested in finding
up-to-date information about the progress
of the Race to the Stratosphere Project a
World Wide Web Site has been established
(http://www.magic.ca/~kite).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the
sponsorship of the following companies in
the development of the kite flying system:
Mount J o y Wire Cc. of Pennsylvania,
Rosseau Hydraulic
Controls
Ltd.
of
Toronto, Rotary Power of Ohio, Avia Sport
of North Carolina, Siony Electronics of
Florida, Seringer Research of Toronto, and
Amisol Canada Ltd. of Toronto.
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2.
Balsley, B.B., J.B. Williams, G.W.
Tyrrell and C.I.. Balsley,
1992:
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3.
4.
Balsley, B.B., J . W . Birks, M.L. Jensen,
J.B. Williams, and G.W. Tyrrell, 1 9 9 4 :
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13. personal communication: Adrian Conn,
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14. Selig, M . S . , J.F. Donovan, and D.B.
Fraser, 1989:
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Hart, C., 1 9 6 7 : 'Kites: A Historical
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Winterer,
Environment
Calgary, Alberta
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MacLeod, M . K . , 1 9 9 2 : 'Whispers in
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1902-1946'.
Lancelot Press Ltd.,
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18. personal communication: Tony Burton,
Alberta Soaring Association, Cowley,
Alberta
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Jakab, P.C., 1 9 9 0 :
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Smithsonian
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Conover, J . H . , 1 9 9 0 : 'The Blue Hill
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100 Years - 1 8 8 5 - 1 9 8 5 ' . American
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10. Whitnah, D.R., 1 9 6 1 : ' A History of
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11. personal communication: Walter Diem,
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12. Synergy, Richard P., 1994: 'Kiting to
Record
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Shapiro, R. Smith, and A. Thorpe,
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A . S . , K. Lundin,
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26. Ashmole, N.P., and M . J . Ashmole,
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IMPORTANT REMINDER • DEADLINE APPROACHING FAST
The 1 9 9 6 M a r c h issue of Physics in Canada will be a theme issue on ' W o m e n Physicists in Canada'. If y o u are interested
in acquiring extra copies of this issue for your institution/organization, place your order prior to 1 9 9 6 February 15 and get
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Deadline for booking space for advertisements in this special issue is 1 9 9 6 February 15 w i t h material t o follow w i t h i n one
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for booking advertising space in this special issue — w i t h material t o follow w i t h i n one w e e k - and for placing an order
for extra copies of this issue is 1 9 9 6 August 15. Letters to the editor are invited and should be received at the CAP Office
by A u g u s t 10th.
39
Ph.D. Degrees in Physics Awarded at Canadian Universities in 1 9 9 5
Doctorats décernés en physique dans les universités canadiennes, 1 9 9 5
CARLETON UNIVERSITY
AKYUREKLI.
U..
"The
Effects
of
Hyperthermia on Tissue Blood
Flow",
(L. Gerig), August 1995; now a Post-Doctoral
Fellow at the Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre,
Ottawa.
DING, G., " A n Investigation of Radiotherapy
Electron
Beams
Using
Monte
Carlo
Techniques", (D. Rogers), May 1995; now a
Resident at the Ottawa Regional Cancer
Centre, Ottawa.
MADSEN, P.. "Probing Anomalous Couplings
to Triple Boson Couplings", (P. Kalyniak),
October 1994; now a Post-Doctoral Fellow
with the Physics Department, Carieton
University, Ottawa.
STUART, G.,"Gas Microstrip Detectors on
Thin Plastic Substrates", (J. Armitage),
August 1995; unknown.
ZHAO, Y., "Hydrogen in amorphous Ni-based
alloys", (J.O. Strôm-Olsen), June 1995;plans
unknown.
MCMASTER UNIVERSITY
ARBERG, P., "Electromagnetic Properties of
2-Dimensional
d„2 2
Symmetry
Superconductors" (J. Carbotte), November
1995.
CAO, N., "The Optical Properties of
Pyrochlore Oxides R 2 Mo 2 0 7 ^ (R-.Sm, Gd, and
Ho), The Heavy-Fermion UNi2AI3, and the
Organic
Conductor
(TMTSF)jCI04",
(T. Timusk), November 1995; now postdoc
with the Centre for Electrophotonic Materials
& Devices, McMaster University.
CURRY. C.. "On the Global Stability of
Magnetized Accretion Disks", (R. Pudritz and
P. Sutherland),
November
1995;
now
postdoc at University of California at
Berkeley.
MCGILL UNIVERSITY
BIAN, X., "Giant magnetoresistance in soft
magnetic multilayers and granular film",
(Z. Altounian & J.O. Strôm-Olsen), June
1995; now Postdoctoral Research at IBM
Almaden, California.
DAWSON, A., " A magnetocalorimetric study
of spin fluctuations in an amorphous metal",
(D.H.Ryan),
November
1994;
now
Postdoctoral Research at NRC, Boucherville.
GU, T., "The resolution function of triplecrystal X-ray diffractometer
and its
applications", (M. Sutton), November 1994;
now Postdoctoral Research at Iowa State
University.
HAMBU, N., "Black hole evaporation and the
role of ultrashort distances", (C. Burgess),
November 1994; now Postdoctoral Research
in the Physics Department, McGill University.
LAÇASSE, M., "Exact dynamics of small ising
systems", (M.Grant), June 1995; now
Postdoctoral
Research at
Princeton
University.
LOSSON, J., "Statistical mechanics of high
dimensional
dynamical
systems",
(M. Mackey), Dean's Honour Ust, June 1995;
now Postdoctoral Research in Belgium.
PROVATAS, N., "Kinetic roughening and
bifurcations in reaction-diffusion systems",
(M. Grant), June 1995; now Postdoctoral
Research in Finland.
TZAMARIUDAKI, £., "A study of BQ - B„
mixing
using
the
ARGUS
detector",
(D. M a c F a r l a n e ) ,
June
1995;
now
Postdoctoral Research at Germany.
WANG, G., "Transverse energy and charged
particle
multiplicity
in
14/6
GeV/c",
(J. Barrette), June 1995; now Postdoctoral
Research at Indiana University.
WANG,
Y.,
"Ballistic
transport
in
semiconductor nanostructures", (H. Guo),
June 1995; now Postdoctoral Research at
University of Toronto.
40
WHITLOCK, J., "Low Coolant Void Effect in
a Heavy Water
Moderated
Reactor",
(W.J. Garland), April 1995; now at AECL,
Chalk River, ON.
HARVEL, G., "Determination of Two-Phase
Flow Parameters for Nuclear Fuel Channels
Using a Real-Time Neutron Radiography
Method", (J.S.Chang), May 1995; now at
AECL, Mississauga, ON.
HEGMANN, F., "Picosecond Photoresponse
of High-Te Superconductor Thin Films",
(J. Preston), June 1995; now postdoc at
University of California, Santa Barbara.
YANG, J., "Study of III-V Semiconductors by
Spatially-Resolved and Polarization-Resolved
Photoluminescence", (D.T. Cassidy), April
1995; now at JDS, Nepean, ON.
ZHAO, P., "Brillouin Spectroscopy of Gelatin
Gel and the use of a CCD Area Detector",
(D. Walton); now on contract with the
National Research Council, Ottawa.
QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY
BARROW,
D.,
"Thick
Ceramic
Films:
Macroscopic Piezoelectric Actuators and
Novel Coatings", (M. Sayer), October 1995,
joint recipient of the Martin Walmsley
Fellowship (Ontario Contre» of Excellence);
can be reached through Department of
Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
K7L 3N6.
DUFFY, A.,
"The Formation of Highconcentration
Surface
Alloys
by
Ion
Implanation Through Sacrificial Layers",
(J.L. Whitton), October 1995; can be reached
at the
Physics
Department,
Boston
University, Boston, MA,
HOFSTRA, P., "Cleaning of InP Substrates for
MBE Growth", (D.A. Thompson), September
1995, now at Luxell Inc., Brampton, ON.
HEATON, R.K., "The ll-lnduced Thick TargetRay
Yield
from
Light
Elements",
(B.C. Robertson), May 1995; now at the
London
Regional
Cancer
Clinic,
790
Commisioners
Road E., London,
ON
N6A 4L6.
LEFEBVRE, J., "Applications of Bogomolny's
Semiclassical Quantization to Integrable and
Nonintegrable
Systems",
(D. Goodings),
November 1995; now postdoc at Washington
State University.
HILTZ, G., "Three-Dimensional Attenuation
and Scatter Correction...'(B.T.A. McKee),
October 1994; now with Muse Research Inc.,
#202, Woolen Mill, 2-4 Cataraqui St.,
Kingston ON K7K 1Z7.
LUSSIER,
J.G.,
"Neutron
and
X-Ray
Diffraction Studies of Magnetic Order in UBased Heavy Fermion Superconductors",
(B. Gaulin), November 1995; now postdoc at
Riso National Laboratory, Denmark.
JESSOP, C.M., "Firehose Instabilities in
Oblate Elliptical Galaxies", (M.J. Duncan),
May 1995; can be contacted at 333
Silverridge Cres NW, Calgary AB T3B 3T6.
MANSOR, M., "Some Properties of S and DWave
2
Dimensional
Superconductors
(J. Carbotte), June 1995.
MITCHELL, D., "Temperature Dependent
Growth on InP by Plasma-Enhanced GSMBE",
(D.A.Thompson), October 1995; presently
looking for a position.
PATEL, K., "The HII Regions and OB Stars of
M33 and NGC 6 8 2 2 " , (R. Pudritz); employed
by the Royal Bank of Canada, Toronto.
MATTIUSSI,
G., "Focusued Ion Beam
Fabrication of Silicon o i Insulator Field Effect
Transistors", (P.J. Scanlon), October 1995;
can be reached through NRC, Bldg. M50,
2420 Kaladar Ave., Ottawa, ON K1V 8B9.
MERGELAS, B.J., "Defect Interaction and
Anomalous Source Models in Remote Field
Eddy Current and Through Transmission
Testing", (D.L. Atherton), May 1995; now
with Pipetronix, 50A Caldari Road, Concord,
ON L4K 4N8.
POULIN, D., "Microwave Switching and
Attenuation with
Super-conductors",
(J.S. Preston), July 1995; now at BNR,
Ottawa, ON.
REID, A.C.E.. "A Hydrodynamic Theory of
Pattern
Formation
at
the
Martensite
Transition", (R.J.Gooding), October 1994;
now a Research Assoc ate in the Department
of Materials Science and Engineering,
Northwestern University, Evanston IL.
SECKER, J., "Deep CCD Photometry of the
Rich
Galaxy
Cluster
Abell
1656:
Characteristics of the Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy
Population in the Cluster Core", (W. Harris);
now
Visiting
Assistant
Professor
of
Astronomy at Washington State University.
SCHINDEL, D., "Progress in Non-Contact
Acoustic Methods", (D.A. Hutchins), October
1995; can be contacted at 3048 Sandpiper
Trail, R.R.1, Camlachie ON NON 1E0.
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
DOBEREINER, H.G., "The Budding Transition
of Phospholipid Vesicles: A Quantitative
Study via
Phasecontrast
Microscopy",
(M. Wortis),
February
1995;
now a
Postdoctoral Fellow with Max-Planck-Institute
fur Kolloid-und
Grenzflàchenforschung,
Teltow, Germany.
AOUADI,
S. M.,
"Characterization
of
Inconel/Carbon Multilayer Mirrors for 45 Â
Radiation", (R.R. Parsons), December 1994;
now teaching at Caribou College in
Kamloops, B.C.
LI, W., "Lithium Transition Metal Oxides and
Battery Applications",(J.R. Dahn), September
1994; now a Research Professional II with
Sherritt Inc., Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta.
SHILLCOCK,
J.,
"Elastic Properties of
Polymerised and Fluid Membranes under
Stress", (D.H. Boal), July 1995; now a
Postdoctoral Fellow with Max-Planck-lnstitute
fur Kolloid-und
Grenzflàchenforschung,
Teltow, Germany.
SONG, Q.C., "Far-Infrared Studies of High Tc
Superconductors", (B.P. Clayman), August
1995; work location presently unknown.
SUN, Y., "Theory of Semiconductor Quantum
Wires", (G. Kirczenow), August 1995; now a
graduate student in Computing Science, SFU,
Burnaby.
XING, W., "Magnetic ac Susceptibility,
Magnetic
Flux
Mapping,
and
Current
Distributions in High Temperature Thin-film
Superconductors", (B. Heinrich), April 1995;
now a Research Associate with Dr. Dahn,
Physics Department, SFU, Burnaby.
ZHANG, J., "Silver Clusters on Sn0 2 Thin
Film Surfaces and Their Application to Gas
Sensors", (K. Colbow), March 1995; not
presently employed.
UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA
DUZENLI, C., "Spin-spin Relaxation Rate MRI
Dosimetry Using Ferrous Sulphate Gelatin
Materials", (R. Sloboda), April 1995; now
Medical Physicist, B.C. Cancer Clinic,
Vancouver, B.C.
HACKETT, £., "Photon Induced Multi-proton
Emission
(J. M c D o n a l d
&
N.L. Rodning), April 1995; now Sessional
Instructor, University of Alberta, 1995.
LAMB, D., "Quantum Fields in Curved Spacetime", (A.Z. Capri), October 1995; now
Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Alberta.
McNEELY, P., "Preliminary decay studies at
TISOL", (G.Roy), February 1995; now
Research
Associate,
Michigan
State
University.
MOLZ,
£.,
"Freezing,
Melting
and
Superfluidity of Helium in Porous Media",
(JR Beamish),
January
1995;
now
Postdoctoral Fellow, D.R. Schmitt, University
of Alberta.
NIP, A., "Electro-Hydrodynamic Instabilities in
Nematic Liquid Crystals", (J. Tuszynski),
October 1995; now Sessional Instructor at
the University of Calgary.
RIAUKA,
T., "Scatter and Attenuation
Correction Techniques for Single Photon
Emission Computer Tomography", (R. Hooper
& Z. Gortel), March 1995; now Postdoctoral
Fellow, NMR, Dr. P.S. Allen, University of
Alberta.
CHANDA, A., "Fine and Hyperfine Structure
in the 2 n Ground Electronic State of Hbr 4 and
HI*", (F.W. Oalby & I. Ozier), Dec. 1994.
CHOW, O. L., "Spin Dynamics and Electronic
Structure of Muonium and its Changed States
in Silicon and Gallium Arsenide", (E. ElKhatib), December 1994; now a PDF at
Cambridge University in UK.
ZHANG. K., "Studies of the Microwave
Surface Resistance of Pure, Zinc, and Nickel
doped YBCO Crystals" (W. Hardy), August
1995; now in the Department of Electrical
Engineering, Columbia University, New York
New York.
UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY
LANGILL, P. P., "The Circumstellar Dust
Shells
of
Proto-Planetary
Nebulae",
(Sun Kowk), November
1994; now a
sessional instructor at The University of
Calgary, and Mount Royal College, Calgary.
UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH
CLARKE, G., "Optical Multilayers with
Diamond-like Films", (A. Meyer), October
1995.
DEHNEL, M. P., "The Development of an
Injection System for a Compact
H~
Cyclotron, the Concomitant Measurement of
Injected
Beam
Properties
and
the
Experimental Characterization of the Spiral
Inflector", (E. Auld), February 1995.
D'YACHKOV, M., "Longitudinal Instabilities
of Bunched Beams Caused by Short-Range
Wake Fields", (M.K. Craddock), September
1995.
ELEZZABI, A., "Ultrafast Switching of C0 2
Laser Pulses by Optically-Induced Plasma
Reflection in Semiconductors" (A. Meyer),
July 1995; now a PDF at the University of
Edmonton, Edmonton, Alberta.
HIADER, J., "Dosimetry Studies of small
fields in Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous
Media
for
High
Energy
Photons",
(L. Skarsgard), September 1995.
LAVOIE, C., "Light Scattering Measurements
of Surface Morphology During Molecular
Beam Epitaxy Growth of
GaAs-based
Semiconductors",
(T. Tiedje),
December
1994; now at 1MB Watson Research Centre,
Yorktown Heights, New York.
PA VAN, M., "Precision Measurement of PionProton Absolute Differential Cross Sections at
Energies Spanning the Delta Resonance",
(G. Jones), May 1995; now a PDF at MIT in
Massachusetts, Illinois.
ROY, J., "Search for the Rare Charged Kaon
Decay K* — *7*vv"(D. Measday), March 95;
now PDF at the University of Colorado,
Colorado, USA.
SAG/, J., "Theory of Nuclear Magnetic
Relaxation in Haldane Gap Materials: An
Illustration of the use of (1 + 1 (-Dimensional
Field
Theory
Techniques",
(I. Affleck),
October 1995.
SATO, T., "Line and Continum Studies of
Some
Star
Forming
Regions",
(W. McCutcheon), November, 1994.
SURONO,
D.,
"Nuclear
quadrupole
Interactions of 19F in Graphite, Silicon,
Germanium
and
Galium
Arsenide",
(P. Martin), April 1995; now a researcher at
the Materials Science research Centre in
Tangerag, Indonesia.
SZABO, /?., "Geometrical Aspects of Localization Theory", (G. Semenoff), September
1995; now Department of Theoretical
Physics, Oxford University, Oxford, U.K.
CHUNG, S., " 7 U and " N a NMR Studies of
Cation Dynamics in Polymer Electrolytes",
(J. Stevens), June 1995; now a PostDoctoral
Fellow
at
the
Institut
fur
Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie der
Universitaet Hannover, Germany.
FORREST, J., "Spectroscopic Studies of
Proton-Irradiated
Solid
Deuterium",
(B. Brooks), October 1994; now a PostDoctoral Fellow with the Department of
Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph.
KAO, R., "Computer Simulation Studies of
Simple Fluids with Applications to HormoneReceptor Binding", (W.R. Smith), June 1995;
now a Post-Doctoral Fellow in Mathematical
Biology at the Wallaceville Animal Research
Institute, New Zealand.
LANGLAIS,
D.,
"Internuclear
Distance
Measurements Using Rotational Resonance",
(J. Davis), February 1994; now a Researcher
at the Institute de Biologie Phisico-Chimique,
France.
STALEY, M., "Finite Temperature Q.C.D. in
the Temporal Gauge", (G. Leibbrandt), June
1995; now working at CIBC Wood Gundy,
Toronto.
VON PROOYEN, M., "Shear Modification of
LDPE Blends: An Investigation of Melt
Structure", (A. Rudin), May 1995; currently
is not working.
WING,
D.,
"An
Examination of
the
Astronomical Applications of Brightness
Fluctuations", (G. Harris), May 1995; now
Research Associate in the Department of
Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo.
YING, J.,
"Electron Collision Inducted
Excitations of Common Electronic Gases:
Observation of New Molecular Non-Dipole
Phenomena
and
Absolute
Generalized
Oscillator Strength Measurement of AngleResolved
Electron
Energy
Loss
Spectroscopy", (T. Leung), October 1994;
now a Post-Doctoral Fellow in Analytical
Chemistry at the University of British
Columbia, B.C.
ZHANG, J., "Compound-Ring Erbium-Doped
Fiber Lasers", (J. Lit), June 1995; now a
Researcher at JDS Fitel Inc., Ottawa.
UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL
CARON,
S.,
"Cinétique
d'un
milieu
photochromique à base de thionine selon
divers types d'éclairement", (R.A. Lessard),
1995 mars; chercheur à l'Institut National
d'Optique, Ste-Foy, P.Q.
41
CHANG, S., "Pattern Recognition Invariant
Under Changes of Position, Orientation and
Scale", (H.H. Arsenault), 1995 août; postdocteur au CNRC, Ottawa, Ontario.
ESSIAMBRE, R.-J., "Utilisation de la fibre à
deux coeurs non-linéaire dans les lasers en
fibre et lignes de transmission", (R. Vallée),
1994 novembre; post-docteur à l'University
Rochester, N.Y., USA.
HUTT, D., "Investigations with a Multiple
Field of View Lidar", (P.A. Bélanger), 1995
mars; chercheur au CRDV, Valcartier,
Québec, P.Q.
LECLERC, L., "Reconnaissance des formes
invariant sous rotation", (H.H. Arsenault),
1995 mars; chercheur à l'Institut National
LEMELIN,
G.,
"Éléments
optiques
holographiques générés par ordinateur à
fonction de phase semi-continue
et
distribuée, (R.A.Lessard),
1 9 9 5 mai;
chercheur chez Laser InSpeck Inc., Ste Foy,
P.Q.
U, L., "Two-beam Digital Interferometry with
a Diffraction Generated Test Wave for the
Testing of Focusing Optics", (C. Delisle),
1995 juin; chercheur à l'Institut National
O'NEILL, C., "Mélange à quatre ondes
dégénéré dans les absorbants saturables en
milieu
mince",
(M.M. Roberge),
1995
septembre; étudiante à la Faculté de droit de
l'Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Q.C.
TOUAM, T., "Contributions à l'étude de
dispositifs d'optique intégrée", (R. Tremblay),
1994 décembre.
BENSAADA,
A.,
"Cristallogénèse
et
caractérisation
des
hétérostructures
contraintes gaxn 1 - XP/INP (0 x 0.25)",
(Robert Cochrane et Remo Masut) février
1995; présentement associé de recherche.
École Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec.
CAENEPEEL, D., "Aspects topologiques de la
théorie des champs et leurs applications",
(Richard Mackenzie), juillet 1995.
CHAYER, P., "Théorie de la lévitation
radiative à l'équilibre dans les étoiles naines
blanches chaudes" (Gilles Fontaine), mai
1995; présentement boursier postdoctoral
Center for EUV Astrophysics, Berkeley, CA.
POPPE-SCHRIEMER, N., "Secondary Ion timeof-flight mass spectrometry: Peptides and
Langmuir Blodgett Films" (K. Standing),
March 1995; part time lecturer at U. of
Winnipeg.
RAJAPAKSHE, P.R., "Optimization of a Realtime Portal imaging system for quantitative
imaging", (S. Shalev), March 1995; at a
Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver.
ZHAO, J., "A High Precision Measurement of
Charge Symmetry Breaking in np Elastic
Scattering at 347 MeV", (W.T.H. Van Oers),
January 1995; now Post Doc at MIT.
UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL
RAILLARGEON, M.. "États multibosoniques
aux collisionneurs E + E- et YY de haute
énergie",
(Geneviève Bélanger
et
Fawzi Boudjema),février 1995;présentement
boursier postdoctoral GTAE, 1ST, Portugal.
BEAUCHAMP,
A.,
"Détermination
des
paramétres atmosphériques des étoiles naines
blanches de types DB", (François Wesemael
et Pierre Bergeron), mai 1995; présentement
membre
de l ' é c o l e
technique
CAE
Électronique, Saint-Laurent, Québec.
42
REN, Q., "Dislocations on Monolayers and
Semiconductors", (B. Joos), June 1995;
presently unemployed.
TU, R., "The Theory of Phonon-lnduced
Infrared Vibrational Line Shape at Surfaces",
(P. Piercy), June 1995; presently working as
a researcher at the University of Ottawa,
Physics Dept.
UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE
COZIOL, R., "Recherche et analyse de
galaxies brillantes en excès en ultraviolet",
(Serge Demers)
décembre
1 994;
présentement boursier postdoctoral Divisao
de Astrofisica, Brésil.
GAGNON, G., "Propriétés physiques et
électriques du TIN déposé sur le silicium par
évaporation réactive" (John L. Brebner et
J.F. Currie),
avril
1995;
présentement
boursier postdoctoral École Polytechnique,
Montréal, Québec.
LEBLANC, F., "Transport de particules et
atmosphères d ' é t o i l e s
magnétiques",
(Georges Michaud)
janvier
1995;
présentement
chercheur
Université
de
Moncton, Nouveau Brunswick.
LEBLANC, P., "Étude des événements à 4jets produits lors des
désintégrations
hydroniques du ZO avec le détecteur OPAL au
LEP", (Hannès Jérémie) mai 1995.
MAKSYMYK.
/., "Paramétrisation d'effets
non-standard
en
phénoménologie
électrofaible", (David London) octobre 1994.
UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA
LOUIS-MARTINEZ, D.J., "Dirac'sConstrained
Systems: Two-Dimensional Gravity and
Spinning Relativistic Particle (G. Kunstatter),
August 1994; now a Post Doc at UBC.
GAUTHIER, P., "Yields of Multicharged Ions
Scattered and Recoiled from a Clean Silicon
Surface", (B. Hird), March 1994; presently
working as a researcher with the University
of Ottawa, Physics Dept.
PRZYSIEZNIAK, H.. "Étude de la production
des mesons D* sur le pic de résonance du ZO
observés au LEP avec le détecteur OPAL",
(Claude Leroy)
novembre
1 994;
présentement boursière postdoctorale CERN,
Suisse.
WAN, J., "Optical properties of Cristalline
Gate and Bl 13", (John L. Brebner et
Richard Leonelli) octobre 1994.
UNIVERSITY OF NEW BRUNSWICK
WAANA,
C.M., "A Study of Molecular
Dynamics in Water-Cellulose Systems Using
NMR", (A.R. Sharp), June 1995; now PostDoctoral Fellow at the Physics Department,
University of Cordoba, Argentina.
UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA
BOIES, D., "Instabilités des liquides de
Luttinger couplés cirétiquement", (AndréMarie Tremblay
et
Claude Bourbonnais),
soutenance en décembre 1994; il travaille
maintenant comme stagiaire post-doctoral au
Bell Northern Research à Verdun.
DARÉ, A.-M., "Le modèle do Hubbard * faible
densité et à proximité du demi-remplissage:
quelques aspects", (André-Marie Tremblay)
soutenance en décembre 1394; elle travaille
maintenant comme ATER à l'École Normale
supérieure de Lyon en France.
HÉBERT, M., "Diagramme de phase de
cristaux liquides discotiques", (Alain Caillé)
soutenance en octobre 1995; il travaillera
bientôt au Collège de France dans l'équipe du
Professur Pierre-Gilles de Gennes à Paris.
TRUDEAU, Y., "Étude des transitions de
phase magnétiques dans les composés quasiunidimensionnels de la famille des ABX 3 ",
(Mario Poirier), soutenance sn octobre 1995;
il travaille maintenant eu sein d'une entreprise
qu'il a mise sur pied avec ses associés.
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO - PHYSICS
AVERSA, C., "Contributions to the Theory of
the Electronic and Optical Properties of
SemiconductorHeterostructures" (J.E. Sipe),
June 1995; now NSERC PDF at UCSB
Quantum Institute and Center for Free
Electron Laser Studies, CA, U.S.A.
BENARD, F., "Search for Leptoquarks in
Electron-Proton Collisions", (D.C. Bailey),
June 1995; now contract PDF with U of T
Physics Department ai Deutsches Elektronen
Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
BUSH,
A.B.G.,
"Cyclofiienesis
in the
Atmosphere and Gulf Stream Ring F-'ormation
in the Oceans", (W.R. Pellier), June 1995;
now PDF at Princeton University, Program in
Atm. & Oc. Science, Princeton N.J., U.S.A.
CAMPBELL, J., "Reentrant Metal-Insulator
Transitions in Si-MOSFETs", (F. Guillon and
M. D'lorio), March 1995; work status is
unknown at this time.
CAO,
Z.,
"Moist
Potential
Vorticity
Generation in Extratropical Cyclones",
(H-R. Cho), June 1995; now PDF in the
Department of Physics, University of Toronto.
CHRISTIE, /., "The Magnetic Properties of
Annite: A Squid Magnetometry and 57Fe
Mossbauer", (D. Rancourt), Oct.
1994;
presently working with Neptec Design Group
Ltd., Ottawa.
CHEN, H., "A Microscopic Study of Pairing
and
Quadrupole
Forces
in
Nuclei",
(D.J. Rowe), June 1995; now NSERC
Industrial PDF at Chalk River Nuclear Labs,
Chalk River, Ontario.
COTE,
P.,
"Recherche
et
Analyse
d'Interactions de Neutrinos de l'Emulsion
Nucléaire", (J. Hébert), Jan. 1995; presently
working as technical advisor at the State of
the Art Acoustik, Gloucester, Ontario.
D ERRA A, A., "Field and Photofieid Emission
Spectroscopy of Silver and Sodium Adsorbed
on (100) and (110) Facets of Tungsten",
(M.J.G. Lee), November 1995; now PDF with
Professor Lee.
DUGGAN,
P.P.,
"Infrared
Difference
Frequency Spectroscopy as a Probe of
Molecular Dynamics: Lineshape Studies of
the
CO
Fundamental
Band",
(J.R. Drummond), June 1995; now PDF with
Professor Drummond.
KAPPLER, C., "Symmetry-Based Models for
Modulated Phases in UPd3 and BCCD",
(M.B. Walker), March 1995; now PDF in the
Physics Department at Humboldt University,
Berlin, Germany.
KUSHNER, P.J., " Wave-Activity Conservation
Laws and Stability Theorems for SemiGeostrophic Dynamics", (T.G. Shepherd),
November 1995; now NSERC PDF at
Princeton University, Program in Atm. & Oc.
Sciences, Princeton J.J., U.S.A.
KUTA, J.J., "Optical Response of Micron
Period Metal Lamellar Gratings", now with
CME Telemetries, Waterloo, Ontario.
LEDGERWOOD, M.L., "Phonon Dynamics and
Self-Energy Effects in Highly Photo-Excited
Germanium", (H.M. van Driel), June 1995;
now part time lecturer in the Physics
Department at University of Toronto.
LEWIS, R.K., "Vacuum Polarization with
Nonperturbative Fermion Mass Functions",
(B. Holdom), November 1995; now NSERC
PDF with TRIUMF, Vancouver, B.C.
PADDON, P.J., "Stability of Polarization
Modes in a Quasi Isotropic
Laser",
(A.D.May), June 1995; now NSERC PDF
with the Physics Department at UBC,
Vancouver, B.C.
POWELL, J.D., "Constraints of the LowEnergy El Cross Section of' 2 C(œ k) ,8 0 from
the /?-Delayed
oc Spectrum of , 6 N",
(R.E. Azuma), June 1995; now PDF at UC
Berkeley Physics Dept., Berkeley, CA.
READ, S.C., " A n Intracavity Polarimeter and
Measurements of the Kerr Effect in He, Ne,
He2 and Ne 2 ", (A.D. May), June 1995; now
PDF at U of T Physics Department.
SA GUI, M.C., "Kinetics of First-Order Phase
Transitions with Long-Range Repulsive or
Elastic Interactions", (R.C. Desai), March
1995; now PDF with the Physics Department
at McGill University, Montréal, Québec.
SONG, L.M., "Cu NMR and NQR Studies of
the
Pb-Doped
Three-Layer
Bismuth
Superconductor", (B.W. Statt), November
1995.
SUTHERLAND, B.R., "Mixing and Internal
Wave Generation in Dynamically Unstable
Stratified Jets", (W.R. Peltier), November
1994; now PDF at DAMTP Cambridge
University, UK.
TATARSKI,
D.C.,
"Observational
Consequences
of
Cosmological
Inhomogeneities - Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi
Model", (J.W.Moffat), June 1995; now
computing software consultant in Toronto,
On.
YU, L.,
"Computation
of the
Electrical
Responses of Mid-Ocean Ridge Structures",
(R.N.Edwards), November 1994; now PDF
with Professor Edwards.
ZHANG, D., "Convection in the Extended
Belousov-Zhabotinsky
Reaction",
(R.L. Armstrong/W.R. Peltier), June 1995;
now on maternity leave.
UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA
CHEN, J., "Electronmagnetic Induction in the
New Zealand Region". (Dr. Harry Dosso),
November 1994; now Researcher with
Dr. H. Dosso, University of Victoria.
DIIORIO, D., "Measurements of Turbulance
Parameters and Observations of Multipath
Arrivals
in Two
Contrasting
Coastal
Environments Using Acoustical Scintillation
Analysis". (Dr. David Farmer), November
1994; now working with the Institute of
Ocean Sciences, Victoria, B.C., Canada.
TURCOT, A., "The Search for the Decay K 2 —
n 2 vv." (Dr. D. Bryman), November 1994.
KANG, S., "Electromagnetic Induction in the
Nigeria Region." (Dr. Harry Dosso), April
1995; now Researcher with Dr. Harry Dosso,
University of Victoria.
MCNEIL, C., "A Study of Dissolved Gaseous
Oxygen and Nitrogen Fluxes in the Upper
Ocean." (Dr. Chris Garrett), April 1995.
VAN NETTEN, A.. "The
Use of Cantilevers as Blast
Wave
G a u g e s . "
(Dr. John Dewey),
April
1995; now a Researcher
with Dewey, McMillin and
Associates, Victoria, B.C.
UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN
ONTARIO
HERON, P., "Theory of Spin
Waves
in
Heisenberg
Ferromagnetic
and
Antiferromagnetic
Thin
Films
with
Nonuniaxial
Single-Ion
Anisotropy",
(M.G. Cottam), September
1995;
currently
Postdoctoral
Research
Associate,
Physics
Education Group, University
of Washington, Seattle,
Washington.
ROJDESTVENSKI,
/.,
" D y n a m i c s
and
Thermodynamics of the
Quasi-T w o - D i m e n s i o n a l
Magnetic
Systems",
(M.G. Cottam), May 1995;
currently on leave from the
Russian Marine University,
St. Petersburg,
Russia
(Assistant
Professor),
c o n d u c t i n g
mathematical/computer
modelling of photosynthesis
and
experiments
in
photosynthesis
for
the
Dept. of Plant Sciences,
University
of
Western
Ontario, London, Ontario.
TANG, H., "Compositional
Analysis of Gate Dielectric
Films",
(W.N. Lennard),
August 1995; currently
enrolled in a M.Sc. program
in the
Department
of
Computing and Information
Science,
Ontario.
Queen's
University,
Kingston,
WONG,
S. K..
"Using the
Quantum
Mechanical Path Integral in Quantum Field
Theory", (D.G.C. McKeon), September 1995;
currently seeking employment in Hong Kong.
UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR
NOREN, C.D.,
"Near threshold V.U.V.
polarization measurements in the noble
gases", (J.W. McConkey), June 1995; now
Postdoctorate
Fellow
with
Physics
Department, University of Windsor.
YORK UNIVERSITY
BLANCHETTE, C., "The Impact of Volcanic
Aerosols
on
Statospheric
Chemistry",
(J. McConnell), November 1994; Researcher,
Atmospheric Environmental Service, North
York, Ontario.
LI, Jian, "Measurement of Isotophe Shifts,
Hyperfine Splittings and Stark Shift for the
Ytterbium (6s)2 ~ s 0 — (6s6p) 3 P, Transition
Using an Acousto-Optically Modulated Laser
Beam", (W. van Wijngaarden), June 1995;
Unemployed.
DON'T CRY DOC!
Despair!
I am a physicist unwanted by physics
scholar unneeded by school
mid-aged unclaimed by young or old
I have a brain sometimes working great and sometimes not
Oh yes! You got it, I am a schizophrenic.
Don't cry Doc! There must be an answer somewhere.
My morale and dreams are running low with
pressure of uncertainty.
Don't cry Doc! Things could be much much worse.
I always run for the unachievable, hoping grey is best
and neither black nor white but happy medium.
But my neutrality is fading to give way to suspicion
Hope or answer!
Don't cry Doc! Old days will bloom again!
The impossible will happen; when purpose of life does not
wither.
You are a Canadian where even a fall maple leaf has a
colourful bloom and every aching heart has a unique
resonance.
Peace!
Smile Doc Smile! Past is dead and gone.
Present is now. Employ present to sow
seed for tomorrow.
Who knows! A Madame Curie may be born in you
like in the cradle of Holy Mary. If not, an attempt
or a dream isn't it enough of a purpose in itself?
Shugufta B.
(S.B. has a Ph.D. in physics.
She is currently helping out in the
undergraduate laboratories at the University of Ottawa.)
La Physique au Canada janvier à février 1996
43
Books Received I Livres reçus
The following books have been received
for review. Readers are invited to write
reviews, in English or French, of books of
interest t o t h e m . Books may be requested
from the book review editor André Roberge
by email at [email protected]
or at Department of Physics, Laurentian
University, Sudbury, Ontario, P3E 2C6.
Tel: (705) 6 7 5 - 1 1 5 1 , ext. 2 2 3 4 . FAX:
(705) 6 7 5 - 4 8 6 8 .
Les livres suivants nous sont parvenus
pour la critique qui peut être faite en
anglais ou en français. Si vous etes
intéressés de nous communiquer une revue
critique sur un ouvrage en particulier, vous
êtes invites à vous mettre en rapport avec
le responsable de la critique des livres,
André Roberge par courier électronique via
[email protected] ou au:
Département
de physique,
Université
Laurentienne, Sudbury, Ontario, P3C 2 C 6 .
Tél:
(705)
675-1161,
poste
2234.
Télécopieur: (705) 6 7 5 - 4 8 6 8
GENERAL INTEREST
Color and Light in Nature, by D.K. Lynch and
W. Livingston, Cambridge University Press,
1995, pp:xiii + 254, ISBN 0-521-43431-9
(he), 0-521-46836-1 (pbk); QC355.2.L96.
Price: S 29.95 US (pbk) [$44.95 (he)].
Hitler's Uranium Club: the Secret Recordings
at Farm Hall, by J. Bernstein, AIP Press,
1996, pp: x x x + 427, ISBN 1-56396-258-6;
QC773.3.G3B47 Price: $34.95 US (he).
Pythagoras' Trousers, by M. Wertheim,
Random House of Canada, 1995, pp:
v i ii + 2 8 0 ,
ISBN
0-8 1 29-2200-X;
QC19.6.W47 Price: $32.00 (he).
The Way Ufa Works, by M. Hoagland and
B. Dodson, Random House of Canada, 1995,
pp:xxi + 233,
ISBN
0-8129-2020-1.
Price: $49.00 (he).
UNDERGRADUATE TEXTS
Basic Training in Mathematics: A Fitness
Program for Science Students, by R. Shankar,
Plenum,
1995,
pp: x v + 3 6 5 ,
ISBN
0-306-45035-6 (he), 0-306-45036-4 (pbk).
Price: $ 47.05 US (he).
Introduction to Plasma Physics,
by
R. J. Goldston and P.H. Rutherford, IOP,
1995, pp: xvii-i-491 (includes floppy disks),
ISBN 0-7503-0325-5 (he), 0-7503-0183-X
(pbk); QC718.G63. Price: $ 59 US (pbk)
[$196 (he)].
The Science of Radio, by P.J. Nahin, AIP
Press,
1995,
ISBN
1-56396-347-7;
TK6550.N15 Price: $14.95 US (pbk).
GRADUATE TEXTS AND PROCEEDINGS
Early Quantum Electrodynamics: a source
book, by A.I. Miller, Cambridge University
Press,
1995,
pp:
xix + 265,
ISBN
0-521-43169-7 (he), 0-521-56891-6 (pbk);
QC680.M55. Price: $ 24.95 US (pbk);
$ 59.95 (he).
High Tc Superconductivity and the Cm
Family, Edited by S. Feng and H.-C. Ren,
Gordon and Breach Publishers,
1995,
pp:xiv + 3 6 4 ,
ISBN
2-88449-184-8.
Price: $116 US (he).
Theory of Electron-Atom Collisions; Part 1:
Potential Scattering, by P.G. Burke and
C.J. Joachain, Plenum, 1995, pp: xi + 255,
ISBN 0-306-44546-8; QC793.5.E628B88.
Price: $69.50 US (he).
Time's Arrows Today: Recent Physical and
Philosophical Work on the Direction of Time},
Edited by S.F. Savitt, Cambridge University
Press,
1995,
pp:xiii + 330,
ISBN
0-521-46111-1. Price: $49.95 US (he).
Book Reviews /
Revues des livres
AIP HANDBOOK OF CONDENSER MICROPHONES. THEORY. CALIBRATION AND
MEASUREMENTS, AIP Series in Modern
Acoustics end Signal Processing, edited by
George S.K. Wong and Tony E.W. Embleton.
AIP Press, 1 9 5 5 , pp.xvii + 3 2 1 . ISBN
1-56396-284-5.
TK6478.W66.
Price:
$ 8 5 . 0 0 he.
A
number
of
expert
authors
have
contributed to the five sections of this
comprehensive book. First, and of general
interest, is a history of the condenser
microphone
from
it's
invention
by
E.C. Wente in 1917 to the latest Western
Electric and B&K (Bruel end Kjaer) devices.
This is followed by a detailed mathematical
analysis 1 of the physical principles of
operation of condenser microphones which
leads to a general analysis of methods of
calibration.
The third section describes the celibration
procedures used by: The Electrotechnical
Laboratory, Japan; The National Institute of
Standards and Technology, U.S.A.; The
British NPL; German procedures; The
National Research Council of Canada and,
finally, CSIRO, Australia. All of these will be
of great utility for those who use not only
condenser microphones but also acoustic
diaphragm transducers in, for example,
Oceenography.
Section 4 extends the
discussion of calibration methods to
secondary techniques using, for example, a
standard transducer.
Finally the selection, handling, cleaning and
storage of the devices is examined in detail.
This material, which includes Commercial
product data, will be especially useful to the
casual user.
Each section ends with a select set of
references and there is a detailed listing of
mathematical notation at the end of the
book followed by an index. I do not think
that the book is an appropriate text at the
undergraduate level but it can be strongly
recommended as a reference both to users
of condenser microphones end to Greduate
students who encounter the devices for the
first time.
A.D. Booth
Autonetics Research Associates Inc.
Sooke, B.C.
44
NEW
SYMMETRY
PRINCIPLES
IN
QUANTUM FIELD THEORY, edited by
J. Frolich,
G. ' t H o o f t ,
G. M a c k ,
P. K. Mitter, and R. Slora, NATO Series B:
Physics, v 2 9 5 , Plenum Press, 1 9 9 2 , pp.
viii + 5 2 9 . ISBN 0 - 3 0 6 - 4 4 2 4 0 - X .
Price:
$ 1 2 9 . 5 0 he.
Shortly after the discovery of quantum
mechanics, group theoretical method» were
utilized extensively to exploit rotational
symmetries and classify atomic spectra.
Indeed, until recently it was thought that
symmetries in quantum mechanics should be
groups. Nonetheless, there are mora general
algebras, equipped with suitable structures,
which
admit
perfectly
conventional
interpretation as syrrmetries of quantum
mechanical systems.
This volume is the proceedings of the NATO
Advanced
Study
Institute
on
"New
Symmetry Principles in Quantum Field
Theory" held in Cargese, France from July
16-27, 1 9 9 1 . Introductory lectures have
been presented to familiarize the workshop
participants as well as the readers with the
algebres which appear as symmetries and
their properties. Some models of local field
theories and lattice models have been
discussed in detail. Some soluble models
and their nonlocal conserved currents have
also been discussed. Different approaches
of local field t h e o r / models, such as
canonical quantization, lattice approximation
and algebraic field theory models are
discussed. Quantum symmetries in low
dimensional local field theories come
together with braid group statistics,
statistics that are realised experimentally in
the quantum Hall effect. Quantum gravity,
black hole physics as well as lectures on
noncommutetive differential geometry and a
geometric version of the standard model of
elementary
particle
physics
are also
discussed. In addition to the main lectures,
there are nine seminar papers presented.
This volume is a welcome addition for senior
graduate students and researchers in
quantum field theory.
K. K. Lee
Quantum Electronics Technology
Colorado Springs, CO
ORDERED AND TURBULENT PATTERNS IN
TAYLOR-COUETTE
FLOW,
ad.
by
C. D. Andereck and F. Hayot, Plenum Press,
1 9 9 2 , pp. xi + 3 5 6 . ISBN 0 - 3 0 6 - 4 4 2 3 8 - 8 .
Price: $ 9 5 . 0 0 he.
It is rare that a simple physical system as
the flow of a Newtonian fluid between t w o
concentric rotating cylinders can retain the
interest
of
scientists,
applied
mathematicians and engineers for over 70
years. Since the initial paper by Taylor which
was published in 1 9 2 3 , the study of this
system has progressed enormously, yet new
features of the f l o w patterns are still being
observed and interesting variations abound.
A NATO advanced research workshop on
"Ordered
and
turbulent
patterns
in
Taylor-Couetteflow" was held in Columbus,
Ohio from May 2 2 - 2 4 , 1 9 9 1 . The primary
goal of this workshop was to bring together
those interested in pattern formation in the
classic Taylor-Couetto problem with others
interested in related systems to better define
the interesting areas for the future, to ask
open questions, and to seek the features
common (or distinct) to closed and open
systems.
The first part of this volume begins with a
detailed historical survey of the experimental
aspects of the study of the Taylor-Couette
flow and followed by several contributions
devoted to the classical Taylor-Couette
system including numerical and experimental
studies of Taylor vortices, wavy vortices,
spirals, and the phase dynamics approach to
flows both near and far from onset. The
next part deals with Taylor-Couette flow
without rotational symmetry by adding a
Coriolis force to the basic system or by
running the system horizontally with only
partially filled gap. Wholly new f l o w patterns
have emerged and new routes to turbulence
are seen. Turbulence in Taylor-Couette flow
and in plane Couette f l o w are covered in the
next part, and direct connections between
flows in open and closed systems are
discussed, in the next part, connections
with more general theoretical modeling are
made in papers on the Eckhaus and
Benjamin-Feir instabilities, and on turbulence
in
the
one-dimensional
complex
Ginzburg-Landau equation. In the following
part, several papers discuss variations and
extensions on the basic Taylor-Couette
system. Throughflows are introduced both
radially and axially, thus producing an
effective
open
system.
Nonetheless,
contrary to most open systems, the modified
Taylor-Couette
system
offers
the
experimentalist a very highly controlled
environment for study. Other interesting
variations include different geometries, such
as rotating cones and cylinders, and
magnetohydrodynamic
instabilities
with
radial temperature gradients. One paper
discusses superfluid helium in a simple
Taylor apparatus which serves as a testing
ground not only for the solution of the
governing equations, but also for the very
form of these equations. The final group of
papers deals with related open flow
systems. Of particular interest is the vortex
formation and transition in f l o w s through
curved channels or over curved surfaces.
The centrifugal instabilities in these cases
are naturally related to the Taylor-Couette
problem, but the spatial development is
quite different in the open flows.
Although much progress has been made in
understanding some of the basic instabilities
and
resulting
flow
patterns
in
the
Taylor-Couette f l o w , there remains a great
deal of work to be done. The interested
reader should be stimulated to contribute in
this area after reading this volume. It is a
welcome addition to the literature of fluid
dynamics and its study of pattern formation
and instabilities. The added bonus of a fairly
comprehensive bibliography in the appendix
makes this volume even more valuable for
researchers 8nd advanced graduate students
alike.
K. K. Lee
PALE BLUE DOT, A VISION OF THE HUMAN
FUTURE IN SPACE, by Carl Sagan, Random
House,
1 9 9 4,
pp
x x + 4 3 0 .
ISBN 0 - 6 7 9 - 4 3 8 4 1 - 6 ;
QB500.262.S24.
Price: $ 3 5 . 0 0 pbk.
Pale Blue Dot is Carl Sagan's most recent
book communicating science to the layman.
This entertaining, non-mathematical text
discusses subjects such as planets, moons,
the Voyager and Apollo missions, and
collisions between asteroids and planets.
These topics are dealt with in a brief
manner, making the book more suitable as a
resource (perhaps in a secondary school or
a public library) than as a reference text. Its
purchase in these circumstances might
justify its rather high cost more than in a
situation involving a single reader.
Carl Sagan is known to many of us as a
popularizer of science and author of several
books dealing with astronomy and other
topics. Pale Blue Dot is his most recent
effort to describe planetary science to the
layman; the title refers to the appearance of
the Earth from the outer reaches of the solar
system, the blue colour arising from the
scattering of light by the atmosphere and
the significant fraction of the Earth's surface
that is covered with water.
The general impression given by this book is
that is was written to entertain more than to
inform. The many impressive pictures and
paintings of planets, moons, spacecraft, etc.
(regrettably scarcely discernible in the
pre-publication black-and-white version that
was reviewed) attest to this fact. Moreover,
the author was clearly mindful of the
aphorism that each equation in a book of
this sort halves the readership: readers will
encounter no such impediments that slow
their progress. Indeed, although the book
contains more than 4 0 0 pages, it can be
read rather quickly because of the large
number of pictures and the implicit effort to
write for the mass-media audience. The
latter observation, quickly made while
reading the book, is confirmed in the closing
acknowledgements which state that many
of the chapters are based on articles written
for
a Sunday
supplement
to
U.S.
newspapers.
The book contains 22 chapters on subjects
such as individual planets, their moons, the
Voyager and Apollo missions, collisions
between
asteroids
and planets,
and
terraforming (planetary engineering). Many
of these subjects are dealt with only briefly,
and the serious reader will probably find the
discussion of these subjects too cursory to
be useful. On the other hand if the objective
is simply to bring such topics into public
consciousness,
such
perfunctory
explanations may be adequate, and the
resulting superficiality tolerated.
The perspective from which the author
writes is very clearly American; this fact is
not per se detrimental, but it does have
some annoying manifestations.
These
include parenthetic inclusion of distances in
miles after they have already been given in
kilometres; gratuitousmention of institutions
such as the U.S. Congress, NASA and JPL;
and too-frequent depictions of American
cities or spacecraft to illustrate phenomena
under discussion in the text. The author
even goes so far as to superimpose a map of
the Los Angeles freeway system on a
picture of a main-belt asteroid to impart a
sense of scale to the reader! Surely a line
with some labelled tick marks would serve
the purpose just as well.
Despite these limitations. Pale Blue Dot is
entertaining, and some chapters are quite
interesting.
Discussions of deflecting
asteroids from orbits that would otherwise
lead to collisions with Earth, establishing
human settlements on planets or asteroids,
and other subjects are certainly intriguing.
The renewed perspective derived from
viewing our planet at a large distance,
which is a recurring theme, doubtless has a
certain therapeutic value. Unfortunately the
rather high cost of this book will discourage
many potential readers who would profit
from an increased knowledge of the solar
system and space exploration.
Kirk Michaelian
Natural Resources Canada/CANMET
Devon, Alberta
PHYSICS AT THE HIGHEST ENERGY AND
LUMINOSITY: TO UNDERSTAND THE
ORIGIN OF MASS, ed. by A. Zichichi,
Plenum Press, 1 9 9 2 , pp. viii + 4 2 1 . ISBN
3 0 6 - 4 4 3 0 1 - 5 . Price: $ 1 2 5 . 0 0 he.
This volume is the proceedings of the
twenty-ninth course of the international
school of subnuclear physics held in Erice,
Sicily in July 1 9 9 1 .
It also serves to
celebrate the four hundred years anniversary
of the discovery of the equality of
gravitational and inertial masses by Galilei.
This Summer School dealt with a set of hot
topics in particle physics. For instance, jet
rates and massive hadron production in
QCD, new e + e- data from LEP, the physics
beyond the standard model, 2 0 0 TeV
frontier from the theoretical viewpoint end
the machine properties, supersymmetry with
strings, SSC project and experimental
programs, new detectors for supercolliders,
1 7 keV neutrino problem and its discussions,
time varying solar neutrino problem, and the
possible production of a Higgs boson in a
photon-photon collider, among other topics
were presented and discussed. The informal
and lively discussions of the Erice School is
well-known. Most of the papers and results
can be obtained elsewhere, but questions
and discussions can elaborate some of the
points presented. Indeed, such questions
and discussions are fairly reproduced in this
volume and consequently this may be the
major attraction to the readers who could
not be present at the workshop. It should
be noted that, with the cancellation of the
SSC, this volume has lost its timeliness.
Nonetheless, it is still a nice addition to the
literature and to the collection.
K. K. Lee
THE THEORY OF MAGNETIC RECORDING,
by H. Neal Bertram, Cambridge University
Press,
1994,pp.xvi + 356.
ISBN
0-521-44512-4;
TK7881.6.B47.
Price:
$ 8 5 . 0 0 he.
Despite the coming of CD records and CD
Multimedia products, magnetic storage is
stillof
primary
importance
both
in
'mastering'sound products and as the
secondary high speed store in all current
computers.
The book literature on the
subject is sparse and most of it is directed at
the audiophile so that the
present,
authoritative, text is a welcome addition to
available material.
45
As the author explains, his object is to
develop and explain the underlying theory
both of the recording and playback
processes and of the actual read/write head
structure. In particular, quite apart from the
conventional type of head structure, there
are detailed analyses of magneto resistive
heads, thin film heads, perpendicular
recording and the various new types of
media now available.
In addition to the analyses of the noise-free
processes the author examines in detail the
advantages of various forms of high-density
signal representation such as NRTZ. He also
considers the effect of such processes on
operation in the presence of noise from the
magnetic medium itself.
The text requires considerable mathematical
knowledge but is well worth the effort
required, each chapter ends with a set of
examples for the student (no solutions
however) and there is a bibliography of over
3 0 0 items and a good index. I recommend
this book both as a manual on modern
magnetic recording and as a class text for
physics or engineering students.
A.D. Booth
Autonetics Research Associates Inc.
Sooke, B.C.
VOYAGE TO THE GREAT ATTRACTOR,
EXPLORING
GALACTIC
SPACE,
by
Alan Dressier, Alfred A. Knopf, (Random
House of Canada, Ltd.), 1 9 9 4 , pp xi + 3 5 5 .
ISBN 0 - 3 9 4 - 5 8 8 9 9 - 1 ; QB991 .G73D74.
Price: $ 3 5 . 0 0 Can. he.
One of the basic observational facts
underlying modern cosmology is Hubble's
law: all distant galaxies are receding from us
with
velocities
proportional
to
their
distances, at least in the nonrelativistic limit.
Corresponding
to
this,
our
basic
cosmological model, the hot big bang,
describes the motion of matter entirely in
terms of this smooth "Hubble f l o w " . (See
Peebles, Schramm, Turner, and Kron, "The
Case for the Relativistic Hot Big Bang
Cosmology", Nature 3 5 2 , 7 6 9 (1 991 ) for an
authoritative and relatively nontechnical
review of w h y the hot big bang model
remains
accepted
by
almost
all
astronomers.)
However, since 1 9 8 0 or so it's become clear
that there are significant
large-scale
deviations from a smooth Hubble f l o w . That
is, ignoring the cosmologically-uninteresting
case of internal motions within bound
systems, distant galaxies have significant
"peculiar" velocities with respect to the
Hubble f l o w , and these peculiar velocities
are correlated over large distances. This
"large
scale
structure",
and
the
accompanying bubbles-end-voids spatial
texture of the universe, are understood as
manifestations of gravitational clustering,
although the detailed form of this clustering
and its possible genesis early in the big bang
remain active research topics.
Dressler's book tells the story of h o w he and
six other astronomers, in a classic
early-1980s
study,
found
the
first
widely-accepted evidence for large-scale
structure.
The
author
interleaves
biographical sketches
of the
"seven
Samurai" (as the group came to be known
46
after announcing its results), popular
explanations of some of the relevant
astronomy and cosmology, and vignettes of
life as an observational optical astronomer.
The author also describes some of the tricky
interpersonal
dynamics
involved
in
collaborative research, especially between
researchers from different institutions who
only rarely meet in person.
I enjoyed reading this book, and have
already recommended it to several friends.
The author is intimately familiar with his
subject matter, writes well, and has a
fascinating tale to tell. His accounts of the
trials and tribulations of group research, and
of how he and his colleagues were initially
led astray by bugs in their data analysis
software, will I'm sure bring back fond (or
not-so-fond) memories to many readers.
Jonathan Thornburg
([email protected])
Physics Department
University of British Columbia
WHAT DO YOU SEE & HOW DO YOU SEE
IT? Exploring Light Color, and Vision, by
Patricia Lauber, Photos by Leonard Lesin,
Crown Publishers, N.Y., Avail, from Random
House of Canada, Ltd., 1 9 9 4 , pp 4 8 . ISBN
Ô-517 5 9 3 9 0 - 4 ; QC360.L38. Price $
2 1 . 5 0 Can., he. (A text for young people).
What Do You See & How Do You See It? is
printed in double-spaced large type, making
it especially easy for youngsters to read.
Only a few of the 4 8 pages of this text
have no illustrations. The illustrations are
really what make the book worthwhile. They
are beautifully done on high contrast paper.
the-eye experiment is standard material but
it does fit in well here.
Included is an
explanation as to w h y eye-glasses help the
near-sighted
and
the
far-sighted.
Stereoscopic vision is: also discussed. The
different eyes, and soma corresponding
properties, of a few k n o w n animals are
described. Colours are next discussed. The
prism light-bending and spectrum formation
is beautifully illustrated. Some (necessarily
limited) aspects of Colour and Light is well
done. The book ends with an introduction to
infrared wavelengths of light. Here too are
included some illustrations of remote sensing
images in "false colour". A few other uses
of infrared sources and detectors are pointed
out. A one page index completes the book.
In general, the text is pleasingly well done.
However, there are a few annoying points.
First, in the description of mirrors, much is
made about "glass" mirrors. However, the
text fails to point out that it is really the
reflecting metallic surface behind the
(transparent) glass that make it the true
plane mirror. Secondly, iri the section on
reflection and refraction, angles of incidence
and reflection are mentioned, but the book
does not specify which angles are the ones
involved, even though the illustrations could
easily have shown them correctly labelled.
Thirdly, it is unfortunate that a text that is
introducing youngste's to "physics" should
include archaic uni s like "inches" for
wavelengths of light (p. 37). Modern youths
would more than likely be unnecessarily
puzzled here. Finally, in the legend for the
illustrations of p. 4 1 , is the incorrect
statement that "... sunlight ... holds equal
amounts of all of the colors of the
spectrum".
Nevertheless, in spite of the above
The text introduces the reader to the main
mentioned shortcomings, What Do You See
properties of LIGHT, albeit at a very
& How Do You See It'* Exploring Ligh t Color,
elementary level. Thus the first section of
and Vision is indeed a good introduction to
the text develops from known "sight" to
light for youngsters cf elementary school.
light propagation in straight lines and ends
with illustrations of the formation of
shadows. The text then proceeds to develop
Gérard R. Hébert, Emeritus
the ideas of reflection and refraction. Here
Dept of Phys. & AstrDn.
the reader is also informed that non-flat
York University
mirrors can cause one to see distorted
images. Refraction
is
next
introduced with
® C.A.P. 1996. All rights reserved.
simple
illustrations
which,
Authorization to photocopy items for internal or
presumably, are
personal use, or the internal or personal use of
effects that are
specific clients, is granted by the C.A.P.
already
familiar
to
the
young
reader. Mirages
The above permission does not extend to other kinds
are explained as
of copying, such as copying for general distribution,
being caused by
for advertising, or promotional purposes, for creating
refraction.
A
new collective works, or for resale.
For such
simple introduccopying, arrangements must be made with the
tion to lenses
publisher.
along
with
a
simplified version
of "real" inverted
Reprint Price list (B&W)
images follows.
8 1 / 2 x 1 1 Comer Stapled - (GST exi:ra)
Next are simple
explanations as
Add'l
to how the eye
4
pages
2
pages
Copies
2
pages
6
pages
works. The "eye
$ 45.00
$ 10.00
50
$ 35.00
$ 55.00
schematic"
is
very good with
$ 60.00 $ 75.00
$ 17.50
100
$ 45.00
most of the parts
$ 90.00
$ 30.00
200
$ 65.00
$115.00
of the eye well
300
$
95.00
$135.00
$
1
7
5
0
0
$47.50
labelled.
The
blind - spot - of -
INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH FELLOWSHIPS
MPB Technologies Inc. is seeking candidates to nominate
for Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada
Industrial Research Fellowships.
Infra-Red MTF system at
Hughes Leitz, Canada.
MTF measurement time
2 seconds!
The Fellowships will normally be tenable in the
Laboratories of MPB Technologies Inc. located at Dorval,
Quebec or Ottawa, Ontario.
Projects in which successful candidates may be involved
include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Electromagnetics and Millimeter Waves
Lasers and Laser Applications
Electro-optics and Acousto-optics
Plasma, Fusion and Space Technology
Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Salaries and other benefits are the same as for
permanent staff of equivalent experience.
Interested recent graduates, individuals currently
completing postdoctorate fellowships, or candidates
who will graduate in the near future with a
background in physics, electrical engineering or
computer science and who are Canadian citizens or
landed immigrants are invited to write or call:
MTF systems for IR and
Visible testing
High-speed low-noise measurement
Dr. M.P. Bachynski
MPB Technologies Inc.
1 7 2 5 North Service Road
Trans-Canada Highway
Dorval. Quebec C A N A D A
Telephone:
Fax:
User-programmable using Image BASIC
We can upgrade your existing bench!
H9P 1J1
(514) 6 8 3 - 1 4 9 0
(514) 6 8 3 - 1 7 2 7
HARVARD
A P P A R A T U ;
TEL: (514) 335-0792,1-800-361-1905
I m a g e
Science
FAX: (514) 335-3482, 1-800-335-0792
E-MAIL [email protected]
TENURE T R A C K POSITION
in Experimental Particle Physics
Department of Physics and Astronomy
The University of Victoria Department of Physics and
Astronomy invites applications for a tenure-track position at
the rank of Assistant Professor. The position is in the area
of experimental particle physics. Applicants are expected to
have an established research record and a commitment to
undergraduate and graduate teaching.
The particle physics group is currently participating in the
ATLAS and OPAL experiments at CERN, rare kaon decay
experiments at BNL and the SLAC B factory. Significant
research activities are directed towards hadronic end cap
calorimeter development for the ATLAS experiment at the
LHC, data analysis of LEP I results from OPAL, data
collection and analysis at LEP II and chamber development
for BABAR. The nearby TRIUMF laboratory affords the
opprtunity for involvement in the physics program and
provides facilities for technological support and test beams
for detector development not normally present in a university
department.
The University of Victoria is an employment equity employer
and encourages applications from women, persons with
disabilities, visible minorities, and aboriginal persons.
An application with curriculum vitae, publication list and the
names and addresses of at least three referees should be
sent to:
Dr. C.J. Pritchet, Chair
P.O. Box 3055, Victoria, BC V 8 W 3P6
Canada
Applications will be accepted from qualified Canadians and
non-Canadians. Applications will be accepted until
15 February 1996. (Deadline has been extended to Feb. 29)
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
^axnA
TENURE TRACK FACULTY POSITION
Experimental Atmospheric Physics
Remote Sounding from Space
The Department of Physics plans to make a tenure track appointment at the Rank of
Assistant Professor in the above area, with a starting date of July 1, 1996 or as soon as
possible thereafter. Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and experience.
The ideal candidate will possess a Ph.D. in Physics and some Post-doctoral experience.
He or she will exhibit excellence in both the teaching of atmospheric physics, and research
in the area of remote sounding of planetary atmospheres using space-based
instrumentation. Current research projects in the department are in the areas of sounding
of the troposphere and the middle atmosphere and this area of research is being
expanded.
Applications, including a curriculum vitae and three letters of reference, should be sent to
Professor. D. York, Chair, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
CANADA, M5S 1A7. The deadline for fhe receipt of applications and letters of reference is
Friday, April 26th, 1996.
The University of Toronto is committed to employment equity and encourages applications
from qualified women and men, members of visible minorities, aboriginal persons, and
persons with disabilities.
In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements this advertisement is directed to
Canadian citizens and permanent residents.
See our home page at http://www.phys.uvic.ca/ for further
information about the Department.
47
X !||,
^Tcan
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
CONTRACT-LIMITED FACULTY APPOINTMENT
(5-year term)
Atmospheric Remote Sounding from Space
The Department of Physics plans to make a term appointment of up to five years duration
in the above area, with a starting date of July 1,1996 or as soon as possible thereafter.
Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and experience.
The ideal candidate will possess a Ph.D. in Physics in a relevant area. The candidate will
undertake teaching and research activities in the Atmospheric Physics Group working with
the holder of the NSERC Industrial Chair in Atmospheric Remote Sounding from Space.
Potential areas of research include, space instrument testing (including testing ol the
MOPITT instrument currently under construction), instrument design, atmospheric
spectroscopy, data processing and global data analysis.
Applications, including a curriculum vitae and three letters of reference, should be sent to
Professor, p . York, Chair, Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
CANADA, M5S 1A7. The deadline for the receipt ol applications and letters of reference is
Friday, April 26th, 1996.
The University of Toronto is committed to employment equity and encourages applications
from qualified women and men, members of visible minorities, aboriginal persons, and
persons with disabilities.
In accordance with Canadian immigration requirements this advertisement is directed to
Canadian citizens and permanent residents.
CHEMIST/CHEMICAL ENGINEER
CORROSION/SURFACE SCIENTIST
The Opportunity: Alcan International Limited requires a Chemist
or Chemical Engineer to join a team carrying out a multi-faceted
R&D program based at the company's Research and Development
Centre in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, aimed at promoting the use
of aluminum products in the automotive industry.
The Requirements: Candidates should possoss an advanced
degree in chemistry/chemical engineering, specializing in one of
the areas of electrochemistry/corrosion, organic coatings, or
surface science. Recent graduates as well as scientists/engineers
with relevant industrial experience are encouraged to apply. The
successful candidate will be expected to carry out specific R&D
programs focussed on optimizing corrosion resistance, adhesion
and mechanical properties of coated aluminum materials. The
individual must balance and carry out both short and longer term
program objectives. An ability to work cooperatively with
laboratory, operating plant and customer technical personnel is
essential.
The Setting: Alcan International Limited, the research and technology arm of the Alcan group of companies, coordinates the activities of three dedicated R&D facilities in Ontario, Quebec and the
United Kingdom. Greater Kingston, a community of 115,000 on the
north shore of Lake Ontario, is home to two universities and a
college, tertiary health care services, and excellent recreational
opportunities.
The Next Step: Interested applicants should isend a résumé in
confidence by March 1, 1996 to:
Ms. L Swerbrick, Personnel Administrator
Alcan International Limited
Kingston Research and Development Centre
Box 8400, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9
Fax: 613/541-2308
Department o f Physics & Astronomy
^LCAN
PHYSICAL METALLURGIST/
JOINING SPECIALIST
The Opportunity: Alcan International Umited requires a physical
metallurgist with a major interest in joining for its automotive
product development team based at the company's Research and
Development Centre in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. This team Is
focussed primarily on development and application of aluminum
sheet products for closure panels and body structure applications.
The Requirements: The successful candidate will have a degree
in physical metalllurgy and a graduate degree in a relevant field.
An understanding of the metallurgy associated with fusion welding,
familiarity with aluminum and lasers, and their application to
welding is highly desirable. The primary responsibility will be
expanding the application of laser welding to structural aluminum
components. Emphasis will be on the fundamentals of joining to
develop an understanding of the relationship between the laser
welding process, material composition, microstructure and properties, especially production of tailored blanks and other structural
welds. The candidate will work closely and "network" with laser
companies, universities and research institutes involved in laser
welding development and application. At times, the individual will
work closely with automotive companies and component suppliers.
The Setting: Alcan International Limited, the research and technology arm of the Alcan group of companies, coordinates the
activities of three dedicated R&D facilities in Ontario, Quebec and
the United Kingdom.
The Next Step: Interested applicants should send a résumé in
confidence by March 1, 1996 to:
Ms. L. Swerbrick, Personnel Administrator
Alcan International Limited
Kingston Research and Development Centre
Box 8400, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5L9
Fax: 613/541-2308
48
Sudbury, Ontario
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE
EXPERIMENTAL SUBATOMIC PHYSICS
The Physics and Astronomy Department of Lairentiiia University invites
applications for a Research Associate position with the Sudbury Neutrino
Observatory Group. Underground installation of the SNO iletcctor is
presently in progress with commissioning of the detector to occur towards the
end of 1996. The Laurentian group has responsibilities in (he following
areas: low-level radioassay of detector materials; the laboratory's control,
monitoring and alarm system; acrylic vessel assembly; network and
computing infrastructure; and the monitoring and maintenance of cleanroom
conditions dunng detector assembly. The successful candidate should have a
recent Ph.D. in experimental nuclear or particle physics and the willingness
to apply him or herself to the wide range of challenges Jut the construction
and operation of SNO presents.
Please send a letter of application, curriculum vitae, and have three letters ctf
reference forwarded, by March 15, 1996, to:
Prof. C.J. Virtue
Sudbury, Ontario
P3E 2C6.
Laurentian is committed to equity in employment and
encourages
applications from all qualified applicants, including women, aboriginal
peoples, members of visible minorities and persons with disabilities. In
accordance with Canadian immigration requirements, this advertisement
is directed first to Canadian citnens and permanent residents.
Corporate Members // Membres corporatifs
Canadian Association of Physicists // Association canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes
The Corporate Members of the Canadian Association of
Physicists are a group of corporations, laboratories, and
institutions w h o , through their membership, support the
educational activities of the Association.
Les membres corporatifs de l'Association canadienne
physiciens et physiciennes sont un groupe
corporations, de laboratoires ou d'institutions
supportent financièrement les activités éducatives
l'Association.
des
de
qui
de
The entire
proceeds
of
corporate
membership
contributions are paid into the CAP Educational Trust
Fund and are tax deductible.
Les revenus de leurs contributions déductibles aux fins
d'impôt sont entièrement versés au Fonds Educatif de
l'ACP.
Atlantic Nuclear Services Ltd.
Atmospheric Environment Service
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Bell-Northern Research Ltd.
CTF Systems Inc.
Edwards High Vacuum Canada
EG&G Instruments
FairCopy Services Inc.
Gennum Corporation
George Kelk Corporation
Glassman High Voltage Inc.
Harvard Apparatus Canada
Hydro-Québec
Institut national d'optique
LeCroy Canada Inc.
Lumonics Inc.
MPB Technologies Inc.
Newport Instruments Canada Corp.
Ontario Hydro
Optech Incorporated
Spectra Research Corporation
TRIUMF
The Canadian Association of Physicists cordially invites
interested corporations and institutions to make
application for Corporate membership and will welcome
the inquiries addressed t o the Executive Director.
L'Association canadienne des physiciens et physiciennes
invite cordialement corporations et institutions à faire
partie des membres corporatifs. Renseignements auprès
de la directrice exécutive.
CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICISTS / ASSOCIATION CANADIENNE DES PHYSICIENS ET PHYSICIENNES
151 Slater, Suite 903
Ottawa, Ontario K 1 P 5 H 3
Phone: (613) 237-3392 or Fax: (613) 238-1677
introducing the first mirror
mounts that get out of their own way,
Universal design adapts t o
metric or English setups.
Special adaptors allow a
single m o u n t t o be used in
several configurations.
5/8" back-plate and 3/8" frontplate provide superior t h e r m a l
and mechanical stability.
Versatile design allows
simple end-user changes of
all 1/2" N e w p o r t actuators
a n d high precision screws.
No-nonsense guarantee.
If you d o n t agree this is
t h e best r r o u n t you've
ever used, we'll gladly
take it back.
Extremely versatile design
lets you select tip. t i p / t i l t ,
or t i p / t i l t / t r a n s l a t i o n so you
o n l y pay for t h e m o v e m e n t
you need.
The U l t i m a Series comes
in 1" and 2" versions w i t h
adaptors for smalleroptics.
W i t h up t o 14" of
angular travel and
0 4" of translation, t h e
U l t i m a Series is u n i q u e
a m o n g mirror m o u n t s .
Springs are selected for
the u l t i m a t e in stability
and feel.
Newport's versatile, new Ultima Series™ mirror
mounts are the first ever with a Clear Quadrant
Design (CQD™) patent pending. That means
there's less m o u n t to block your beam path. So
you can place mirrors closer together, reduce
incident angles, and minimize beam distortion.
And though there's less to get in your way, what
remains is very substantial - thicker plates,
sturdier springs, finer adjustment screws, and
a bit of Newport magic - provide exceptional
stability and resolution. All for a price comparable to mounts that look nice but are really
quite obstrusive. To clear your way with the
Ultima Series, call 1-800-267-8999.
Newport Instruments. Canada Corporation, 2650 Meadowvale Blvd.. Unit 3 Mississauga, Ont. L5N 6M5
Tel: (905) 567-0390 Fax: |905l 567-0392. Toll Free 1-800-267-8999 Newport/ Klinger Headquarters. U.S.A.: Tel: 1-800-222-6440
FM27207
NEWPORT CQD DESIGN
Small d - Small 0
CONVENTIONAL MOUNT
Large d ' - L a r g e 0
The Ultima Series'
Clear Quadrant
Design (CQD)
enables you t o
b u i l d o p t i c a l systems with smaller g e o m e t r i e s
a n d reduced
i n c i d e n t angles.
<V>
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La Physique au Canada

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