CV O.Collignon En - Università degli Studi di Trento

Mai 2012
Curriculum Vitae of
Olivier Collignon
Table of contents
1. General data and overview………………………………………………………
2-3
2. Scientific activities………………………………………………………………..
3-7
3. Publications………………………………………………………………………..
8-15
GENERAL DATA AND OVERVIEW
Current Position (Starting June 1th).
Ricercatore / Principal Investigator, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC), University of Trento.
Personal Details
Date and place of birth: 24/09/1978 in Liège, Belgium
Citizenship: Belgian
Education
09/2001: Master degree in psychology (clinical orientation: neuropsychology, cognitive-behavioural
therapy). Université de Liège (ULG; Belgium).
09/2004: Master degree in cognitive sciences. Université catholique de Louvain (UCL; Belgium).
04/2006: Ph.D. in Psychological Sciences (neurosciences orientation). Université catholique de Louvain
(UCL; Belgium).
Past professional experiences
01-05/2000: Clinical Neuropsychology training period in the neurological and functional rehabilitation
centre of Fraiture (Belgium).
09/2000-01/2001: Clinical Psychology training period in the adult psychiatric department of the
Regional Hospital Centre of Liège (Belgium).
10/2001-04/2006: PhD student at the Neural Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Université
catholique de Louvain (UCL, Belgium). Supervisor: Prof. C. Veraart.
06/2003: Visiting scholar in the «Institut de Physique Biologique », Université Louis Pasteur,
Strasbourg, France. Host: Prof. C. Scheiber. Purpose: fMRI project in Blinds.
01-04/2004: Visiting scholar in the « Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition »
(CERNEC), Université de Montréal, Canada. Host: Prof. M. Lassonde. Purpose: TMS project in Blinds.
09/2006–09/2010: Postdoctoral researcher for the National Scientific Fund of Belgium in the Centre
de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Université de Montréal (UdM, Canada). Supervisor:
Prof. F. Lepore.
09/2010–06/2012: Postdoctoral researcher, Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Université
de Montréal (UdM, Canada). Supervisor: Prof. M. Lassonde.
10/2011: Visiting scholar in the « MOlecular MInd LABoratory (MOMI Lab)», Università di Pisa, Italy.
Host: Prof. E. Ricciardi. Purpose: Multivariate analyses of fMRI datasets.
01/2007-12/2011: Instructor in psychology (90h/year): Psychologie du comportement (PSY 1983).
Psychology department, Université de Montréal (UdM, Canada).
Advanced Training
- Workshop on Magnetoencephalography (MEG) principles and Synthetic Aperture Magnetometry
(SAM) analyses. November 22-23rd and 29-30th 2006 (Université de Montréal).
2
- BESA workshop for analyses of MEEG dataset. May 14-15th, 2007 (McGill University).
- BrainVoyager QX. November 01-02th, 2007 (San Diego).
- BrainVision Analyser 1 workshop. April 05-06th, 2008 (Université de Montréal).
- Workshop on Functional connectivity methods: NEDICA and CORSICA analyses. March 12-13th, 2009
(CRIUGM).
- Matlab coding lessons (PSY6976- 45h -Université de Montréal). January-April 2010.
- BrainVision Analyser 2 workshop. April 21-23th, 2010 (Université de Montréal).
SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES
Main research interests
-
Crossmodal plasticity
-
Multisensory processing
-
Sensory development
-
Cognitive psychopathology
-
fMRI, EEG, MEG and TMS techniques and combination between them
Current collaborations
- M. Lassonde (University of Montreal): Development of multisensory processing.
- F. Lepore (University of Montreal): Crossmodal plasticity.
- A. Bertone (McGill University): Multisensory processing in autism.
- J. Carrier (UdM) and S. Lockeley (Harvard Medical School): Brain response to light in blinds.
- M. Dhager (CHUM Notre-Dame): Brain plasticity following vision restoration.
- B. Rossion (Université catholique de Louvain): Plasticity of the face brain network.
- C. Philipps (Université de Liège): Dynamic Causal Modeling of fMRI datasets.
- D. Maurer & T. Lewis (McMaster University): Crossmodal plasticity in cataract patients.
- E. Ricciardi (University of Pisa). Multivariate analyses of fMRI datasets.
- H. Sequeira (University of Lille III): Hemispheric specialization for emotion.
Research supports:
Scholarships
2001-2005: Doctoral fellowship via SENSUB project: Brain Plasticity and SENsory SUBstitution in Human
Blindness (Fifth Framework Programme for research and technology development (FP5): European
Commission Quality of Life contract).
2005-2006: Fellowship (Bourse patrimoine pour la recherché médicale) from the School of Medicine,
Université catholique de Louvain (UCL, Belgium).
2006-2010: Postdoctoral Researcher fellowship from the National Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS,
Belgium) + Research funds (20.000Eur).
2010-2012: Postdoctoral Researcher fellowship from the “Fondation CHU Sainte-Justine” + Research
funds (15.000$CAD).
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Research Grants
01/2004-12/2007: Collaborator in the Research Grant 3.4505.04 from the Foundation for Medical
Scientific Research (FRSM), French Community of Belgium awarded for the project: "Neural activation
study of sensory substitution and cerebral plasticity in the early blind human".
04/2005: Collaborator on the research Grant from the « Réseau provincial de recherche en adaptationréadaptation (REPAR ; Québec, Canada) » (in collaboration with M. Lassonde, F. Lepore & C. Veraart).
01/2008-12/2011: Collaborator on the Grant 3.4502.08 from the Foundation for Medical Scientific
Research (FRSM), French Community of Belgium awarded for the project: " Influence de l’expérience
visuelle sur le développement cognitif: réorganisation cérébrale en l’absence de vision".
07/2011-07/2012: Collaborator on a “pilot project” Grant from the Quebec NeuroImaging Network
awarded for the project: " Investigating crossmodal recruitment of occipital regions in bilateral
congenital cataract patients".
Travel Grants
09/2003: International Travel Fellowship from the French community of Belgium for a research travel
in the CERNEC (Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition), Université de Montréal,
Canada.
06/2004 : FNRS travel grant for an abroad meeting (IMRF) in Barcelona, Spain.
2005 : FNRS travel grant for an abroad meeting in Trento (IMRF), Italy.
07/2006 : Post-doctoral « stay abroad » grant from the
“Fonds Special de Recherche” (FSR ;
Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique) ».
08/2006 : FSR-FNRS travel grant for a “stay abroad” in the CERNEC.
01/2007: International Brain Research Organisation (IBRO) International Travel Fellowship to attend
the IBRO meeting in Melbourne, Australia (Declined).
01/2007: Federation of European Neurosciences (FENS) travel grants for IBRO Meeting in Melbourne,
Australia.
06/2007: FSR-FNRS travel grant for an abroad meeting (IBRO) in Melbourne, Australia.
05/2009: International Travel Fellowship from the “Réseau provincial de recherche en adaptationréadaptation (REPAR ; Québec, Canada)” for the 10th IMRF meeting in New-York.
07/2009: FRS-FNRS “stay abroad” grant.
Awards
05/2004 : Award of the best posted communication in the annual meeting of the Belgian Psychological
Association.
06/2010 : Selected in the top ranked abstracts in the Human Brain Mapping Conference 2010.
03/2011: Award of the FRSQ Vision Network for the “best student paper”.
Invited Oral Communications
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29/09/2006: Cognitive-cerebral reorganization and sensory substitution in early blindness. Centre de
Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition. Université de Montréal, Canada.
01/04/2007: Réorganisations comportementales et cérébrales en cas de privation visuelle précoce.
Symposium « Perception, integration et plasticité » held on the 29th annual meeting of the “Société
Quebecoise de Recherche en Psychologie (SQRP)”, Sherbrooke, Canada.
04/04/2008: Audio-Tactile interactions in early blind subjects. 17èmes journées scientifiques du
CERNEC, Saint-Sauveur, Canada.
07/07/2008:
Functional
cerebral
reorganization
for
auditory-spatial
processing
and
auditory
substitution of vision in early blind subjects. Invited speaker in the symposium « Auditory plasticity in
the blind » held on 9th International Conference on Low Vision, Montreal, Canada.
25/03/2009: Réorganisations comportementales et cérébrales chez la personne non voyante.
Conférence scientifique du centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du Montréal
métropolitain (CRIR). Institut Louis Braille et Nazareth (INLB), Longueil, Québec.
19/06/2009: Développement de l’intégration multisensorielle chez l’enfant: étude du développement
normal et pathologique. Centre de recherche de l’hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, Canada.
25/10/2010: Behavioral compensations and cerebral reorganizations in the blind. Universitat Pompeu
Fabra, Barcelona. Multisensory Research Group (Host: S. Soto-Faraco).
27/10/2010: Cerebral reorganizations in the blind. Université de Liège (Belgium), Cyclotron Research
Center (Host: C. Philips).
09/12/2010: Crossmodal plasticity and multisensory integration. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières
(UQTR), Canada (Host: I. Blanchette).
04/02/2011: Multisensory processing and cerebral reorganizations in the blind. Harvard University
(US), Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory (Host: A. Caramazza).
11/02/2011: Cerebral reorganizations in the blind. McMaster University (Canada), Visual Development
Lab (Host: D. Maurer).
13/10/2011: Crossmodal organization in the blind’s brain. University of Pisa (Italy), Molecular Mind
Laboratory (Host: E. Ricciardi).
20/10/2011: Building the brain in the dark: Crossmodal plasticity in visually deprived subjects.
University of Barcelona (Spain), Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group.
28/11/2011: Développement multisensoriel: Fonction, Déficit, Réhabilitation. Centre de Réhabilitation
Marie Enfant. University of Montreal.
02/12/2011: Audio-visual and visuo-motor interaction in autism and during typical development.
Multisensory Processing Workshop. McGill University (Montreal, Canada).
23/02/2012: Construire un cerveau dans le noir: organization fonctionnelle et connectivité du cortex
occipital chez l’aveugle. Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal. (Host: J. Doyon).
Oral Communications
02/04/2004: Functional crossmodal plasticity for auditory spatial processing in early blind subjects.
13ième journées scientifiques du GRENEC, Saint-Sauveur, Canada.
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14/03/2008: Audio-Visual Integration of Emotion Expressions. 30th annual meeting of the “Société
Quebecoise de Recherche en Psychologie (SQRP)”, Trois-Rivières, Canada.
17/01/2009: Gender difference in the multisensory processing of emotion. 4th retraite annuelle du
Centre d’Excellence en Neuromique de l’Université de Montréal (CENUM). Montebello, Canada.
03/11/2009: Gender differences in the multisensory processing of emotion expressions. Cem09 Cognition, Emotion & Motivation International Congress. Hammamet, Tunisia.
19/02/2010: Auditory information does not improve complex visual search for persons with autism and
Asperger syndrome : « pip » but no « pop ». 5th Retraite Annuelle du Centre Centre d’Excellence en
Neuromique de l’Université de Montréal (CENUM). Hôtel du lac Carling, Canada.
12/03/2010: The right dorsal occipital stream maintains its functional specificity for spatial processing
in absence of visual experience. 18èmes journées scientifiques du CERNEC, Saint-Sauveur, Canada.
20/03/2010: Déficit d’intégration multisensorielle automatique chez la personne autiste: “Pip mais pas
Pop”. 32th annual meeting of the “Société Quebecoise de Recherche en Psychologie (SQRP)”, Montréal,
Canada.
09/06/2010: Processing spatial and pitch attributes of sounds in the absence of visual experience: an
fMRI study. 16th Human Brain Mapping Meeting (HBM), Barcelona, June 06-10 2010.
12/12/2010: Compensations sensorielles et plasticité cérébrale chez la personne aveugle. Centre de
recherche de l’hôpital Sainte Justine, Montréal, Canada.
18/03/2011: Crossmodal plasticity and functional specialization in the occipital cortex of early and late
blind individuals. 6th retraite annuelle du Centre d’Excellence en Neuroscience de l’Université de
Montréal (CENUM). Saint-Adèle, Canada.
13/05/2012: Impact of early versus late acquired blindness on the functional organization and
connectivity of the occipital cortex. Vision Sciences Society Annual Meeting. Naples, Florida.
In the Medias
Our work has been profiled, among others, in the London Telegraph, F1000-The Scientist, TV5 (Club
Social/Labo Fever), Radio Canada, CBC (The Nature of Things), Le Devoir, The Times of India, The
Gazette, La rue Frontenac, Radio-Télévision Belge de la Communauté Française (RTBF), Euronews,
Télé-Quebec, Cerveau & Psycho, The National Colombian Radio, The Sun Toronto, The Sun Vancouver,
Mens’ Health, 24H Montréal, The south Korean national radio….
ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES
Teaching
01/2007-11/2011 : Instructor, Psychology department, University of Montreal (Canada). Psychologie
du comportement (PSY 1983; Autumn and Winter sessions -45h/session-). Didactic skills rated as
« Excellent » (evaluations available on request).
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Executive member
09/2005-09/2006: Member of the GREN (UCL, Belgium) executive Committee as representative of PhD
students.
11/2006-09/2011: Member of the CERNEC (UdM, Canada) executive Committee as representative of
Postdoc trainees.
Ad-Hoc Reviewer
PNAS / Psychological Bulletin / Brain / Journal of Neuroscience / Neuropsychologia / European Journal
of Neuroscience / Neuroscience / Experimental Brain Research / Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Human, Perception and Performance / Brain Research
/ Perception / Neural Plasticity / Visual
Cognition / Scientific Reports / Frontiers in Human Neurosciences / Current Pediatric Reviews / Revue
Neurologique (Paris).
Students advisorship (Past)
2004: Bastien Danielle, undergraduate training period, UdM (with M. Lassonde).
2007: Simon Girard, summer training research period, UdM (with M. Lassonde).
2007: Audrey-Anne Ethier, summer training research period, UdM (with M. Lassonde).
2007: Fabien D'Hondt, visiting scholar, UdM (with M. Lassonde).
2007-2008: Jennifer Lepage-Hamel, “honor” bachelor thesis in psychology, UdM (with F. Lepore).
2008-2009: Geneviève Charbonneau, “honor” bachelor thesis in psychology, UdM (with F. Lepore).
2009-2010: Colin Boudrias-Fournier, “honor” bachelor thesis in psychology, UdM (with F. Lepore)
Students advisorship (Present)
2010-: Geneviève Charbonneau, Master degree in psychology, UdM (with F. Lepore).
2010-: Simon Girard, PhD thesis in psychology, UdM (with F. Lepore).
2010-: Giulia Dormal, PhD thesis in psychology, UdM and UcL (with F. Lepore and B. Rossion).
2011-: Emmanuelle Dione, Master degree in psychology, UdM (with M. Lassonde).
2012-: Virginie Crollen, Postdoc, UdM (with F. Lepore).
PUBLICATIONS
Articles (in peer reviewed journals)
1.
Larøi, F., Collignon, O., & Van der Linden, M. (2005). Reality monitoring for actions in
hallucinatory-proneness. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 10(2), 105-123.
2.
Renier, L., Collignon, O., Tranduy, D., Poirier, C., Vanlierde, A., Bol, A., Veraart, C., De Volder,
A.G. (2005). Crossmodal activation of visual cortex during depth perception using auditory
substitution of vision. NeuroImage, 26, 573-580.
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3.
Renier, L., Laloyaux, C., Collignon, O., Tranduy, D., Vanlierde, A., Bruyer, R., De Volder, A.G.
(2005). The Ponzo illusion with auditory substitution of vision in sighted and early blind subjects.
Perception, 34(7), 857-67.
4.
Poirier, C., Collignon, O., Schreiber, C., Renier, L., Vanlierde, A., Tranduy, D., Veraart, C., De
Volder, A. (2005). Specific activation of the V5 brain area by auditory motion processing: an fMRI
study. Cognitive Brain research, 25(3), 650-8.
5.
Poirier, C., Collignon, O., Scheiber, C., Tranduy, D., Renier, L., Vanlierde, A., Veraart, C. & De
Volder, A. (2006). Activation of visual motion areas by auditory motion processing in blind
humans. Neuroimage, 31(1), 279-85.
6.
Collignon, O., Renier, L., Bruyer, R., Tranduy, D. & Veraart, C. (2006). Improved selective and
divided spatial attention in early blind subjects. Brain Research, 1075(1), 175-82.
7.
Collignon, O., Lassonde, M., Lepore, F., Bastien, D., & Veraart, C. (2007). Functional cerebral
reorganization for auditory-spatial processing and auditory substitution of vision in early blind
subjects. Cerebral Cortex, 17(2):457-465.
8.
Collignon, O., Davare, M., De Volder, A.G., Poirier, C., Olivier, E. & Veraart, C. (2008). Timecourse of posterior parietal and occipital cortices contribution to sound lateralization. Journal of
Cognitive Neuroscience, 20: 1454-1463.
9.
Collignon, O., Girard, S., Gosselin, F., Roy, S., Saint-Amour, D., Lassonde, M., & Lepore, F.
(2008). Audio-Visual Integration of Emotion Expression. Brain Research, 1242: 126-135. [Special
Issue on Multisensory Integration].
10. Collignon, O., Voss, P., Lassonde, M., & Lepore, F. (2009) Crossmodal plasticity for the spatial
processing of sounds in visually deprived subjects. Experimental Brain Research, 192(3): 343-58.
11. Frasnelli, J., Charbonneau G., Collignon, O., Lepore, F. (2009). Odor localization and sniffing.
Chemical Senses, 34(2): 139-144.
12. Collignon, O., Davare, M., Olivier, E. & De Volder, A.G. (2009) Reorganisation of the right
occipito-parietal stream for auditory spatial processing in early blind humans.
A Transcranial
Magnetic Stimulation study. Brain Topography, 21, 232-40 [Special Issue on Multisensory
Integration].
13. Collignon, O., & De Volder, A. (2009) Further evidence that congenitally blind participants react
faster to auditory and tactile spatial targets. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63(4):
287-93.
14. Collignon O., Charbonneau G., Lassonde M., Lepore F. (2009) Early visual privation alters
multisensory processing in peripersonal space. Neuropsychologia, 47, 3236-3243.
15. Cuevas, I., Plaza, P., Rombaux, P., Delbeke, J., Collignon, O., De Volder, AG., Renier, L. (2010)
Do People Who Became Blind Early in Life Develop a Better Sense of Smell? A Psychophysical
Study? Journal of Visual Impairment and Research, 104, 369-379.
16. D’Hondt, F., Lassonde, M., Collignon, O., Dubarry, A.S., Robert, M., Taisne, M., Rigoulot, S.,
Honoré, J., Lepore, F., & Sequeira, H (2010). Early brain–body impact of emotional arousal.
Frontiers in Human Neurosciences, 19: 4-33.
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17. Collignon, O., Girard, S., Gosselin, F., Saint-Amour, D., Lepore, F., & Lassonde, M. (2010)
Women process multisensory emotion expressions more efficiently than men. Neuropsychologia,
48(1): 220-5.
18. Frasnelli, J., La Buissonière, V., Collignon, O., Lepore, F. (2010) Localisation of unilateral nasal
stimuli across sensory systems. Neuroscience Letters, 478(2): 102-6.
19. I. Cuevas, B. Gérard, P. Plaza, E. Lerens, O. Collignon, C. Grandin, AG. De Volder, L. Renier
(2010). Development of a fully-automated system for delivering odors in MRI environment.
Behavior Research Methods, 42(4): 1072-8.
20. Voss, P., Collignon, O., Lassonde, M., & Lepore, F. (2010) Adaptation to sensory loss. Wiley
Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, Vol. 1, Issue 3, 308–328.
21. Cuevas, I., Plaza, P., Rombaux, Ph., Mouraux, A. Delbeke, J., Collignon, O., De Volder, AG.,
Renier L. (2011). Olfactory and trigeminal function in early blind and sighted humans assessed
using chemosensory event-related potentials. B-ENT, 7(1): 11-17.
22. Champoux F., Collignon O., Bacon B., Lepore F., Zatorre R.J., Théoret H. (2011) Early- and lateonset
blindness
both
curb
audiotactile
integration
on
the
parchment-skin
illusory
task.
Psychological Science, 22(1): 19-25.
23. Collignon O., Vandewalle G., Voss P., Albouy G., Charbonneau G., Lassonde M., Lepore F. (2011)
Functional specialization for auditory-spatial processing in the occipital cortex of congenitally blind
humans. PNAS, 108, 4435-4440.
24. Collignon O., Champoux F., Voss P., Lepore F. (2011) Sensory Rehabilitation in the Plastic Brain.
Progress in Brain Research, 191:211-31.
25. Frasnelli J., Collignon O., Voss P., Lepore F. (2011) Crossmodal plasticity in sensory loss.
Progress in Brain Research, 191:233-49.
26. Crollen V., Mahe R., Collignon O., & Seron X. (2011) The role of vision in the development of
finger-number interactions: Finger-counting and finger-montring in blind children. Journal of
Experimental Child Psychology, 109(4): 525-39.
27. Dormal G. & Collignon O. (2011) Functional selectivity in sensory deprived cortices. Journal of
Neurophysiology, 105(6): 2627-30.
28. Girard, S., Collignon, O., Lepore, F. (2011) Multisensory gain within and across hemispaces in
simple and choice reaction time paradigms. Experimental Brain Research, 214: 1-8.
29. La Buissonnière Ariza V, Frasnelli J., Collignon O., & Lepore F. (2012) Olfactory priming leads to
faster sound localization. Neuroscience Letters, 11;506(2):188-92.
30. Crollen V, Dormal G, Seron, X, Lepore F, & Collignon O. (In Press) Embodied numbers: Early
vision drives the reference frame used for the spatial representation of numbers. Cortex.
31. Collignon O., Charbonneau G., Nassim M., Peters F. Lassonde M., Lepore F., Mottron L., &
Bertone A. (In Press) Reduced multisensory facilitation in persons with autism. Cortex.
32. Dormal G., Lepore F., & Collignon O. (In Press) Plasticity of the dorsal-spatial stream in visually
deprived individuals. Neural Plasticity.
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Letters to the Editor
1. Poirier, C., Collignon, O., Scheiber C., De Volder A. (2004). Auditory motion processing in early
blind subjects. Cognitive Processing, 5, 254-256.
2. Collignon, O. (2007). Reinforcing the weight attributed to auditory space across saccades. Journal
of Neuroscience, 27(46): 12438 –12439.
Chapter of Books
Collignon O., Dormal G. & Lepore, F. (In Press). Building the brain in the dark: Functional and
-
specific crossmodal reorganization in the occipital cortex of blind individuals. Chapter in "Plasticity
in Sensory Systems" edited by M. Jenkin, J. Steeves, and L. Harris. Cambridge University Press.
Encyclopedia
- Collignon O. & Lepore, F. (In preparation) Neuropsychology. Scholarpedia.
Article in the Press
- Collignon O. (2011) Les femmes excellent dans la reconnaissance des expressions émotionnelles.
L’Essentiel Cerveau & Psycho. N°5.
Submitted
- Girard S., Lepore F., Pelland M. & Collignon, O. Impact of the spatial congruence of redundant
targets on within-modal and cross-modal integration.
- D’Hondt F., Lassonde M., Collignon O., Lepore F., Honoré J. and Sequeira H. “Emotions Guide Us”:
Behavioral and MEG correlates.
- Vandewalle G*., Collignon O.*, Hull J., Daneault V., Czeisler C., Lepore F., Doyon J., Dumont M.,
Carrier J., & Lockley S. Blue light modulates cognitive brain activity in blind individuals. [*Co-first
author].
- Crollen V. & Collignon O. Embodied space in early visually deprived individuals: vision shapes the
reference frame used for body perception or action in space.
Other manuscripts
- Collignon, O. (2001) Les processus cognitifs impliqués dans l’hallucination. Unpublished Master’s
thesis, Université de Liège (Supervision: Prof. M. Van der Linden).
- Collignon, O. (2004) Specificity of the dorsal stream for spatial processing in early blind subjects.
Unpublished Master’s thesis, Université catholique de Louvain (Supervision: Prof. X. Seron).
- Collignon, O. (2006) Réorganisations cognitives et cérébrales pour la localisation de sources non
visuelles en cas de cécité précoce. Unpublished PhD thesis, Université catholique de Louvain
(Supervision : Prof. C. Veraart).
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