mémoire en texte intégral version pdf

!"
#$ " %
&!! '&#(#
( )**+,)**-
4
(
( (
5
! (
E
"
( (
-
#$ " % & ! ' ! ( ( (
)4
) * + , - 6 6
))
./ $ '
6 6
))
0/ ' 6
)W
1 ) 2 , ! 6
55
./ 2 ! - ! 6
5
0/ & ! 6
4
#$ "" % & ! ' ( (
E4
) '' , 6
E)
./ $$ , 3
' 6
E)
0/ 3
, 4 6
E-
5/ 6 , '' !! 6 6
EM
1 ) , 3 6 6
++
./ , ' 6 6
+-
0/ , 6
-)
5/ , 6 6
-5
#
(
-M
4 3 3 7 8 6 6
W*
3 - - 6
W4
1
!$ ( (
W5
, .$
$/ 6
W5
, .$
!"
"
6
W
, 0" 1 6 6
WE
2, ("
"
6
WE
2, ("
3 6 6
W+
2, #
W-
!"
"
6 6
**696: (
WM
- "( # 3 .;;. 0<<0 6
WM
- ""( 6=2 "> '!$ , 6 6
M*
- """( ?@ - #
.0
A .;?; ' 4 ' -+
4 *B > C .;@@D
"/ 6
M5
- "E( 6- 3 6 66
M
L’Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Lyon n’entend apporter aucune approbation ni improbation aux
opinions émises dans ce mémoire. Ces opinions doivent être considérées comme propres à leur
auteur.
)**- ' 4
)
)**- ' Je tiens à remercier tous ceux qui m’ont soutenu et aidé dans l’élaboration de ce travail.
M. Habib Gherari, mon directeur de mémoire, qui a bien voulu me suivre dans ce projet
Mme Bénédicte Masson, pour sa disponibilité et son soutien
Les membres du personnel des bibliothèques des Ecoles militaires de Saint-Cyr, de Paris II
Cujas et de l’IEP de Paris
Ma famille et mes amis
)**- ' 5
)**- ' ! ! (6 7(# 77#
78 78 70&
09 8.#:
;<#9 #9
.=' .= .(
( 07
=0 #"6 78
># >#
=&7# =7:
=>( (0
(" 7 % (
" #%
?@ 7 7/ #$ 7
1
" 7 1
" 7 @ 0%
8 .%%" # ! :A
;$ <? B # %
#
"
" .$
,$ .$
=
.$
%" $
" % / "
$ =
#" C
"
%
"
7 1
" "
>! #? >! /,D$
& "
=
%$
: =
%" " ($ ($" % 0 Les sigles suivi d’un « * » correspondent à des noms de sociétés militaires privées
)**- ' E
+
)**- ' "
"
% FF " $" @ "! G "@$
$ $6 7 @ $ % $ 6 H , ," " I $ J
4 , "
C 3 %
6 /
1@ "
G "
!"
L
$
666N " L.=' ON "
G %
"/
"%
"6 7
$
$
"" %
"
!
"
$ 6 $
" $
% $
" %"
" " "
" $
"
@
$ 6
7
"
C ! )
P
G @
% $ $ "
6 $
/ ,
',<$ :" S (% 6
G "
6 4
% $ " K I J LI 7 /
J )M )**5 6 E+N
)**- ' -
G %%"
"
$ I "
J " "
%
" 6 %
%%" %%" T
"
" "
$ " % "/ 3 "%
"
$ " !6 0
"
"
$ %
6
& '
+ + 7 - '
5
$ 8
'' ( $
"
"
$
6 %
% "
G " G ,% 6 "%
6 "
$$ $ !" C 6 7 %" %"
$ " E
C / %
G 6
3 + - F !+
3 ! $
+ ( %
"
" % %%"
I %%/ J I "@
$ J 6 I / "
J "@"
"
$
G $
""
/
"6 7 $ "
$
! "
""
$ G %%6 7
/ "
$ $
$ % " % 6 7 "
% "
" "
1
% " "" " % $ "@6 " ! I / "
J6
# ! + 3F ! + )
Q ='# " " # !%" !
4*** C
G C
$$
L @ <(#0 I R
@ 6 " Q6 $ J 5* )**N
5
#"@ <(=U'( I !
" J V4 4MMW 6 4WE
@
7&(( #"@ "6 ( ' )**E6
E
(" $ " "
1
G 4 *** 1 L (;; I "
"@
K J ! ! )** 6))N
W
)**- ' "
- 6 < "
4MM* " +
$ 6 7
4MM* G % % ' %
@ 6 ! "
"
" "
" "
" 1@ "
" 6 0 ""
"" $ " " /"
W
."
($ 4MM)
"
G "
"
$ %A
/ G 6 " " (" $ @6 . $ "@ .$ "! ",%
7! $ '$
>"@"@ " G $
M
7 =$ " C &$ 6 " %"
;?Y (! 6 C A
C
" G !
$ =! < 4*
6 ( "
"
E* 6 44
)*** " M* (% 6
: '+ 4 G '6 X"@
"%
$
!
6 7
$
%
,G,
6 0
"
"@$ " $
6
% ! C "@$ "" $ K 4)
" $ " 6
+ G +
0
"
"
!
" 1G " X"@
/ ' 26
-
!
" % " " " %%" "@ C"@ "@%% /" ! "
"
6
W
4MM) % ,%" /" ."
" " %
" "
!
=>( " ""
"C "
"
P
/
!
" $ " G " % G
! !6 (" /" ."
($ G %" G %A =>( G ! $"
6
M
&$ "
G " G "
/$
.>(=
4*
44
4)
Q ='# " # $ % & '
& 7 )**5
8 (#'= I %"
3 "! Z J ()
V+M )*** 64
:(=(# (" ;= [( # % $",'@$\ "
4 1 )**-
)**- ' M
45
'6 7 % "
($ ] 4
$ " !
<K
] ! %%
"
7
6
"
" "@ / 6 " !%"
4E
4** 6 ,
1G !$ ""
4** $ " 1
G "
" ! G @P
4+
)*4* 6 % $ " !
"
"
"
" "
" / %
G " 40? 8
4MM*
6 (
! P %! " " @ "
/ "
" $ "%
G 6
! ">+ ! ! + ( @ " %%" " Q
@$ I (
('/0 1 2
4W
( J $
" "
%%
K 6 (
"
" " " 4MM4 ' '% 4M
G " / )**5 6 1@ K 4** *** ""
)*
"
)* *** E *** %"
" 6 7 %
/ / "$ " %"
"
<
6 ' " K " )4
"@ %
$ !$ 45
"@ $ "6 $
!/ $
$
!
6 "
G /" ."
4MME $ %" % " !
: # G %6 L$ $ " 6N
4
4MME % " %
#
"
" L#N "@$ ^ " $
, 6 % " 4MME "
" !
*
6
4E
F #=. L6N + ($ "6
0
=
1 )**+ 6 44
4+
: 7&## 7((#= &+ , -
$ & ' 7 % @ 0"" 7 % ( :"
L07(:N .""
V+ )**E 6 )
4-
4W
4M
06 ( I P$ >$ J .
& '
. 6 - V+ )**)
:(=(# I 7"
:" '?$ Q J "
4+ 1 )**- 6 (*4
(;; " " 6))
4*
)**- ' &
"
6 " &! G ""@ "
" K ))
@ " )* 6
)5
K I J
"
"
" ! ""
$6 7 $ % "
)
" (%$@
% $ $ " 6
7
G " 1 I ! / )E
%
J 6
#+ - $
6=2( + ' '
( " "
% " $ " % ! " 6 / %"
G "
%% G
% "! @6 "
G !
" / ! !! " 6 $ 1 C
$
%%" " " %
"@ 6
3
3
'' + - ! '
6 7 %% " / %
I = . J % ' %6
6 3
''+ $ 32 :: $ 6 %% % %% / !"
G
)*
:"@ % : 7&## 7((#= L
&+ , -
$ & & ' 7 % @ 0"" 7 % ( :"
L07(:N .""
V+ )**E 6 )N
)4
))
@ <(#0 " 6 Q6 ='# "
)**-
%
7 Q"@
"
!
???6" ?"@6$_"6 @ Z`4W)
)5
7
@
7@ "@ $ $ $
F #=. 3 + ($ "6 0
=
1
)**+
)
6 )E,)E5
' " >
44 ! % ""
" " $
$
"
$
" 4MMM 3 ) 3
& &
$ ) 3, &0
)E
(;; I "
"@
K J ! ! )** 6)5
)**- ' 44
" "
G ,
6 "
/ !$
G %"
" G " %%"%
""
/,
6 (
4MWM )*** )+
! "
*a 6 / %%"%
"
"
!
%A
)
E)5 @
4MW- G 4) 4MM- 6 $
"
"
%%"%
;'< / )W
/ $
6 ( " 1 % @ (% " 1
" "
G " !/ "
$ "@6 7
" )M
"@ "
! %
/ 6 7 "
"
$
% 5*
"
6 !
% G "
T ! / " "% ,%6
&3 + ' 4 7 '' 8 F
7 8 -+ : 4
! ( 0 ' % "@" /
!"
P %" $ G "@"@ G !6 0 !
"
C I $
J %% ! $
"
G %6
# / $
"@
"
,
" $ L
N C % / !
A !6 "@ # %
""
!/
"%
"b "
"
6 . " G " "%
54
4MWM6 7
"%
$$
%"
/ 4MM* G % "K
' %6 7
EE* $
)+
' 6 7(< 4$ + $ &
56 "& #
!
8 "
7%" %
@"
)*** $% 2( )-,)W 1 )*** 6 )
)-
)W
8 (#'= I %"
3 "! Z J ()
V+M )*** 6 4W
Q ='# $ " 6E5
)M
7.=( " "@%% I 7 ( J !
4MWE 4MM+ LI "
" J ! )**5 V EWM 6 ))N6
5*
(
/" ."
/ !
" " / G @$ $" #
"
7 L#7N % ! <? /," ! ,%" L#"@ <(=U'( I !
" J 7 V4 4MMWN6
4)
)**- ' "
"! "" !
$ 1 "
"%
6
:" G "
"
"
%"
/ %!
^
%!
" " / 6 . $
"
1
G " !"
"
G 6 %% ' % C
$
6 0 "
4MM5 "
!
!$
#? 4MM ""/ "$ $$
"%
%"
6 H G .$
=
$ 5)
%%"@ /
@ G "@"
%%"
""
<
#? ]
$
" ! C"@ $"
6 7
"@"
% G 6
7
" !
" / "! "
6 %" / !
" %! %%"" " %% %
"%,,6 (
$ "
"" " "
G $ " "
% $ / "@
6 7 $ 8
6 >! I ( & $
(
(
8 55
$
(
(
( J 6
+ *
+ !! 3-
H$ ( 7 /
" " $,
/
5 "
G , G X"@
I ,"!
J
1
"" 3 $
O ! %%"@ $ !$ 6 "% "
X"@
G
"
"
"" "
6 0 " 0%
%% )**) 54
4*W "%
"
4MWM 4MMW - L'
<#>#(=0 I "%
" J :" 7&(#.= " :A
)**+ 6
4))N
5)
4MM) " ' .= <
<
,'@ ! I ($ / J !/ $ !
/6
55
8
>(< ["
(
" 7 7 "\ '
V5- "! )***
5
$
/
L
N ,
#, "
b "
G $ "@ L (;; I "
"@
K J 0 ! )** 6))N
)**- ' 45
/
""
"
44 4MM- )**E6 (
/
" " ,
' <$ X"@
"
!
C
"
"
G " /6
7 /
% ,
"
6 $ $ 4MM )** 5*** "
"
"
%%
5** 5E
6
+ + 3
+ *6 %% !
$
/" P
!
"T G $6 "
"
G "
6 7
"
!
%
K $
7!6
0 C %A .=' $
G ! @
@X
"% "!6 % " / "
""
"
" "
6 %% I "
" J "
5+
@
P 6 "
"
"
$ !X
" "
" "@"
G "
$
6 (
.=' 7
7(# "
:
"
G "
$ ;
<
55W
5M
# ! 0" 7$
6 77# .=
"
$"
$
" =&7# =7: =0 ( $ "
G "
"
5E
5+
(;; " " 6 ))
7@
>#.<> .=' %
"%
@ "
1
% !
@
" " % "
K (%$@
6 7
@ / .=' $ $6 "
"T 1/ "%
" L!
%" @ON @
C "
" " "
"%6 @
"!
" (
)**+ W5 "
@ G 6 L 7@
>! $ G I 2 J > @ :" 4) )**- @ 3 6
9 %
$ ZN
5-
5W
@
7&(( I / Z J V4*5 )** 6)W
='# $ " 6 44
5M
.= " " # ! 0" 7$ L>@
;6 (0( [>@ =?
"
@ P % 7%"\ 4MMMN
4
)**- ' "
"/
"6 $ 2 "
$ 1 =
G <$ c )**5 I "
J ! " G "
/" " (% % $
*
@
6
3
3 - ! 7 '' I 8( %% "
C ! / %
% ! "b % "@"@ G @
6 "
"@$
% G "
6 0
$ %" % %6 H $
! " $ " "
"
" "
,
L!
$
/ ",%
ON $ G " @
G " % %! "
@
4
^
"@$
6 "
/ "@ !/ "
/ " "
$
"@"
"
" $ %
" @
O 7
I "@$
J "%
"@"
"
G $
6
" "@$ G !
I $ P J6 "
""
C
G "" "%" "
)
6 "
^ " 5
/ ! 6
0
" "/ I # %%
J "
!/ $
3 "
$
" "
"@
@ "
"
!
!
"
1
*
@
D(# I (% $ I "@
$ J J ! ! )**
44
4
'
<#>#(=0 I "%
" J " 4+ :" 7&(#.= " :A
)**+
)
$ G " 1 I " J 3 !
! "" / @
"
G / L" "N
5
>@ " % " I : & ; $ $0 )
, /&0 $
,
6 / (J L 7 (
/ > " dQ@ Q 7 & Q@ '
: >d ?@ ) 4MMW ! & LN $ ) 4MMW6N
)**- ' 4E
" !
"@%%
%%"
" 6
'
+ 3 - ! '
( "" %
6 "
%" @ $ !6 7
%% "@
"6 7 "" $ % $
%%"" % "
/ $ " 6
6'+ 6 4 + 3 3 F( $ "
!%"
6 "
$ K " "6 0 "
" !
"@%%
%%"
"6 0 "
"
" /"% %%"@ "
"
!$
@X
/
6 (
""
G " ","" 7$
6 %% "," "" "
"
$
"
$ $"
6 $ "
"
$ " /
,%%"
$ G E
" G %% "
"
6
. "
" "! " " "
G $ G $ " G !
G C
C C6 (
C ! "
% " "
% % ' % %" G ' " >
6 $ " % " 6
# $
+ 4 3 + 3 3$
3
6 7
%! =
$ %
+
"@$ / 6 %% / " "
6 % #? /,D$
" ""
$
% 6 "
G .= !
W
/ %%"
"$
6 7 " 7 $,
/
:"
%"
3 "! Z J ()
V+M )***
E
8 (#'= LI 6 4,4E*N
7
%
/ ""
$ $ !$
/6 7
"
# /,D$
+
@
4+
7&(( I / Z J V4*5 )**
)**- ' 6 4),5-
"
/ , .= G %
$ "
,C
" !" G
M
$$ $ 6
3+ + '
+ 3F 6 "
"
% $ C
G $6 7
$
E*
= /
E4
I $ " J 6
"
$
/" "
" %
%
$ "%
C
% ^ "
" ,"
""6 . "
" "
" ""
"
"@
"
"6 (
/" ."
% !
"
$ "
A "
/ G
E)
"% 6 0 C " <"@ &! ! K "
"
" -
/ %% $$ $
"
"
G $$ @
"%
/ %!
C
$
7
<
"! $ !6 %%"%
,
4Ea %
K
=$ '@6 7
%% !
G " %%
"$
@!
G ! G "@^ " / $
" =? DK '/ /
$
$$ L "
$ %
N
W
( " "$
/ $ C " !
!
%%""
"
M
7
" " / "@ G
('
*
)
L.(N " " $ %
!!$ $
"
6
E*
( 0 <'. % " " I " $ , ""J "
"
" $
"
!
6 L 9 + 8 < 7
B7%
& 1 )**
4W N
E4
E)
0!@ (2(=> I P$ >$ J :$ " :"
6 - V+ )**)
#
7
" " #
" "
)- 1 4MMW eW
L_7=6_4MMW_54N
)**- ' 4-
E5
% b " 6 %%"" "
G
$ $ C 6 (
" "@
"%
" E
"%
6
K
3 + G + $! H$ 4 3 6 < %
!" "!
,"! " " $ 1 6 "
$
!
6 " 1 "
6
! 3 !+ $
6 3
3 ! 3 ( $
"
,"
"
$ $ "! " G % FF " %% "%" %6 $
! I :
; $ J
EE %%"
"
"
% % 6 7
"@ G @ 3 $6 7," " %
"
@
6 $ %" $
"@ "@$
"/ 6 $ " % FF
" @X $
!
"@
"/ %
"@$
6 2 = "
" G "
!
6
#3 7 4 8 3
!
'6 " $
FF " % ^ "
$ $
$
/6 7 "
"
G
" 7
& 4W+ 4M*- G % 7/,#$ & 06 0/
' "% ""
" $
"
6 7
' 4MM % $
@ " "
6 " $
! "
" "%
E+
' % "
"
6 / "
(
=? DK 4M-- G "
E5
Q ='# I Q %
@ " % ? 3 P :
? J =
>
$ , 6 ) )**5
E
7 " KK L" "N "
C " $ "%
" "@ 1 6
EE
<>>(> ! )*** 6 4W
4W
)**- ' "
/$"6
7
I $
J /
""
%
$ / "
% G $" "%
6 (
" "
" ' G " 2
7 ' 4MM G " "
$6 $
"
G "%
" ( 4M--6
I ! 7 4 8 + ! $! !6 $
" "%
!
G ,
L!
",%"
ON6 . ^ "
/ $ "
6 " " " /
6 "
" @X
@
X"@
1
/ !6
"! "% "% G ] /
"
"
6 + - !+ = 'L
M
" "@"@ " $
"!
G "
" !
"%
6 1
"!
G "
""
,
G Z . ,, %
% % / "
%% G " Z (
" $ I "
%A J % $
"" "" I !
J @ " 6
" I J % " !
"%
3 $ " @
%A G
%%"
G " " @6 " !1"% @ " ! " %/ 3
" !1"% , " %$ /
%
" @
"!O 7
" " G
/
%%
7
$
6 "" I J "
" G " " "
$
G " !1"%
" @ " "" "
6
@ !" @6 . $ %A I " J $
G " @
"
,G, !$ I " J $ 6 1
@ " G "
!$
C "
"
6
E+
4+W "%
"
4ME 4MME 5W " 4)+ "%
L;6 &.> " $ " 7!$ 4MM+N
)**- ' 4M
% G " "
" "
/ G "
/
$
"! G $6 G C
" "
" %%"" G $
" "
$6
=
" "
L7@ N $ "
T " $ " 2 =
L7@ N6
)*
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
#$ " % & ! ' ! (
"%
$ ] %$
3 $6 > " U $ ","6 %" G ! /
$ " U G $ ! $ !6 0
" "
% "%
] @ ! "
G ! G $ $ $ %/ "/ %" "@
C $
U %$
6
$
" @ !/ 6 % / C
"
" "" 6 $ "
!
/ "
"
G " " !
" G %
2 = $ ! G "
6
. " " "
" @X
G " "
/ "
)**- ' )4
! 6 7 @6
0 % )**5 "
% 7% "?
!
"!
6 $
I J K6 " "" "@$
"
"
)& $ " E
6 >
"
" " " / "
6
"^ "
""
/ "
% " 16
. ! "
!%"
1 / ! " $
%! I " J !%" $ " I "! J L (N6 "% / "
" L <N6
) * + , - "
/6 " " $6 (
"
/ "
$ "
$/ C G I "
J L4N6 7 $
"! " L)N6
./ $ '
0
"
G "
6 " " " " $$ "%
/
C $
$ " I / J " "
G $ !6
!
" "% / "
" G "
6 " " % % G %
E-
4) W+* "
c )** )* )**- L :(=(# I 7"
:" '?$
Q J "
4+ 1 )**- 6 (*4N
))
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
1 I " J6 7 % " % " - " ( =? DK 4M-- L" N
EW 6 7 R.$
(%" R
" (% 4M-- L7 .66(6N 7
4MWM " " R
%" R
" "
EM
L7 4MWMN 6
0 $ % C I " J % %" 6 < G 1 .=
+*
! " G "^ "
" "
1
7 "
" / " @ 7
+4
" I " " J / 1 " - " "
6 ( " " " "
" " !%" " $6 " +)
$ 7 '
G "" " !%" " 6
+5
"@ U
G 7 4MWM % " I 8 J "
% %"
L(" 54N C U
G 7 .66(6 4M-- G " %
"
@
" $
" I ( ?@A = ?@A (
(
+
B J 6 % 1 I " J !
$
% " +E
6 . !
" !%" $ "
"
G % I " J C
EW
" / 7
' 4) c 4MM % G " "
"%
/ G =? DK W 1 4M-EM
7 " " R
%" R
" "
"! 4MWM $ )* "! )**4
+*
0
)+E LFFN )* "! 4M+W (
! ' %% I 89
J6
+4
+)
+5
+
+E
4MW I " " J 4MM+6
7 ' $ 4) c 4MM
5* G " G 4 )**(6 4 L)N 7 .66(6
7
"
%A
L V)**5,5* 4 )**5 G " "
! 8 .%%" VWM 4E )**5 6 ++5+N
)**- ' )5
!/ "/6 C " "@%
""
" " "6
(
" %! C"@ !%" $ G % C I " J / 7
4MWM .66(66
++
% 1 I " J !
/ "
"%
6 / / "
/ "
" %%" C "
" "
$ "
%6 "
" @
$
" " !
" %6
, " C I J I = J I $ J6 . !/ G " $ "
"$6 !
!
!
6 "
" "
%
"
" G "% " "
$ "% P "6 (
/" ."
C "%
@X
""
%
3 ($ % # ! 0" 7$6 " G I " "
J "% " " G $ "
""@
6 % % " " "% " "" %$ / "6
0 " "
I "! J6 "
X"@
" L $
"
b "ON6 "
X"@
" I "!
J6 "
C G
"! " " " " 1
%$ % $$ I "! J % "6 /"" G %
C "% " " I %%
J "!6
&- , - $
/ " C %! " 7 4MWM I $ ?000A 8 J6 7
" /" % "
"
"@"
6 "@$
" @
++
" - " % "
/ "
%$ / L(/ N
)
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
$ / G C "
"
" " / @
! , G " 6
"
" / @
%
%
6
H %, % " / @
Z :, " " %%
Z " "@$ P $ C ""
"
G % $ ,, / @
Z 7 " ! /" % "
1 ""
"
+/ "!
6
, " " 6 $ " / @
I (=
C D E & E =
&
$
$ : ( ; J6 7 " ! /" "$ "
/ $
$$ $ "
$
"" @ $ $
6 7 % "
!
<$
$ % "
!" " U ' :" " $$
"! / "b
%"
" $
%
"
" ' 6
" " %%" G !6 > !1" " %%" !6 1
"! "
"
O " " $ "" " / "! %%
$c % "@$6 . " " X $6
H " !1"% "
% " @ G / %%"
6 0 %" !
"
%%"
%" $ $$ @ 6 (
X"@
C " / G %
+W
$ 6 0
" "
$! $$ %
+-
"" ! " I " " / @
J " "" "
+W
", 6 E4,E-
(" 1 )) 1 )**- I $ K J
)**- ' )E
%%" C
X"@
"$
6 "
" " " K6 "
%%" ! I E & E =
&
$
$ : ; J6 K
C
X"@
/ %
" "6
%%" % " "@"@ G 1G $ 4M-+ 0 "K " G " "
!
($6 "" D $
8 = = = E = ( =0 $
(
$
E (
+M
$ $
E $ J 6
K , 3-
" /" % "%6 " C $6 $ $ %" "
" $ " $6 $ $ $
G b $
"6
7 " " $ !/ "
% "6 =!/ %% "
K " 6 " C "
" "
$
/ "b
%% % C 6 7 " C
" !
%/ " " "
-*
/,D$
6
# , = - '
" " /" % I = $ (
$ J6 7 "
! "
" "
!
" "
$
" $ U$ %A
'K@
" ' <$ !
"
6
+M
'@ (<#(&( I >@ 7 $ J %
$ & )$ L$ ""%N @
@ (%" % (%%
'$ 8@ 8@
!$ 4MMM 6 MW
-*
#
7
" " #
" "
4* 1 )**) e WM
L_7=6_)**)_)*N
)+
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
" /"
! %% " "
$
$
6 7
" ! $ =
' ! I $
"/ J L =N %A G G ! -4
I " J
6 7 " " " % "
%"
-)
$
1 1 G " 6
:- , 3 '' ' 6
/ " C % I " J I : D C; B (
$ $$
= $ B J6 "
! $ 1
% "
"" ! $ % %%"6 ^ %%" I = $ J " "
" % " 6 "
" 1
G " "6
7
/ "
% "%
%% "
"@ 6 "
"
% %%" " G "6 0 "
" "
"
!
"
1 /"
%6
-5
. "
" % " %"
/ %
" 16 < ! % !/ " "/ # " -
"
" %" "
@ "
6
7 % -4
-)
-5
""
C 1
"6 " "" $ = ' %$ / L(/ 2N
2 % 6 5 7 4MWM " " " / @
" % G "
I "
""
"
J $
" $ / "%
L6 4 L)N LNN
-
#
$ I $$ $$
E = ( E $
$ F
= (=
6 J L#
#
" _7=6_4MWW_4 e5N
)**- ' )-
% X % $ G / " / "
"%
/ "
"
$ " "%
,/6 7
" / " G G ""
1$ ! 1
" " $ $ "
-E
6
%!
"
" " " % 1
@ "@ " 6 $ G " " "" %
" 3
I " G % 1
" !
" % -+
C ! " " f J
6 P ! "
" $
," /
6
0/ ' "
"@ G %" "
" "
$/ "%
6 7 !%"
"! / @
" C " " % !%" $6 . "
C G / @
" " !X
$6 " G % $ !
" " "! $
1"!6
( $ $ "% / "$
3 "!
"
6 > - "! " 6
"!
1
I $ "! J G %"6 7 $ "" !
"!
!1"%
"
$
"
"/6 "! 1 1" !/
-E
#
-+
7
" " =
) "! )**5 eE) L_7=6_)**_4EN
[)
&
, $
= G ,& , 6\6 7 Q ='# I Q %
@ " % ? 3 P :
? J = >
$
, 6 ) )**5 6 E54
--
6 E* L4N " % " " I (
E E ( H )9IA JA KA LA
''' E ( HK
J6 7
"
%
"!
6 7
"!
" / C 6
)W
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
"
G $ %" "
"
" $6 %
!
"!
!%" " $6
"! % " L(N 7 '
" " 5 " U
G " "6 " C "
" "! 1 " $ C
! %"
"% C ! I " J
" L(N L)N 7 '6
/ '
M
! ! "
G !
%"
6 " L(N L4N 7 ' %
%" / I = $ J " "!
!%" $ / 6
C " " "
%"
I = M $
$ J6 "
$ @ %% " C % " %"
"% I "! J6 "
" 5 " % " I $ J "
3
« Les forces armées d’une Partie au conflit se composent de toutes les forces,
tous les groupes et toutes les unités armées et organisées qui sont placées sous
un commandement responsable de la conduite de ses subordonnés devant cette
Partie (...). Ces forces armées doivent être soumises à un régime de discipline
interne qui assure, notamment le respect des règles du droit international
applicable dans les conflits armés »
"
,
C "
" !
%"
G " % Z 7 ! %%" ""%6
: , 4 % "
b $ %"
6 . ""
"
"
" G !
%"
6
%% "@ U % " b "
" 6 (
" %A
"
% G "
"
L %A
X$ 1
" "
" ! @
! 8 ( G G 0%
ON G "
"
L""
$ "
C 0%
N %
-W
$ V-),++) 45 1 4M-) 6
)**- ' )M
G " " C G ! G 6 7
/
] ,
! 6 7 "
%"
!
(%$@
%%
1 "! !6 7 /" 6
-M
7 % "@ =6 "@ % $ "" " " $ C"@ "
"
! %"
6 7 $ " "
%"
% %" " / 6
(
% " % "
U "
" " " " C G ! %"
" L(N L4N6
% !/ "
6 >
"
$
" @ 1 6 ( c $ "
" " "
" !
%"
6
: ' , 4 ! - '
@ @
"
" $! $ "6 $ , C "
" %
%"
Z
" L(N 7 ' / " "
"
$ !
1
"! "
$ %
%"
"%6 . % !
"
"" X"@
%%
"
"" 3 "
" "
O
%
" "
$ /
G "b %"
@
6 "
!"@ L" " $ " " $"
666N !
" "@^ " L 1 " G ! G N !
" -W
<" >@
,> $
4 " 6 4-,)W
-M
"@ =6 7&>> [& ? 0" " &
! 7"
7 \
>
$ '
, )**E
5*
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
" L " ""N G " $ " ! " "
" %
%"
6
" 5 L5N " 3 D E $ $ $ ( $ 8 $ C0 7 "
"% "
U % " %%" !" " "
$ %"
6 !
" " "
%%" / " " !
"
" "
$ @6
% "@"@ G ! !
%"
G,C "/ "! $ " " $ " ,= ' 4MM- "
$$ $ G " W*
I $ " J L =N
6 G " 1 1 @
"c
6 %% c " $ $ %" ,= ' " "" "
6 !
" $ "
$
G @ G 6 " !"
""@ %
%" G ! " " 6 >
" % " " 6
^ U 1
" " %"
1
"! $
6 4MM- C "@" ! , 1
6
1/ 3 7 4 ' 8 ' '
M
"^ "! $
C % ! %"
"%6 7
! " L(N L)N 7 ' $ !%" "! $ / !
I J I g
h E $ J C
% " G %"
6 !%" " %
% G "
"
3
, C G @"@ " "
!
W*
Q ='# " # $ % & '
& 7 )**5 $
4M),4ME
)**- ' 54
" !
W4
, $ " "
, W)
W5
, "% / "
$
W
G " "
! "
G " %6
" " G "%6 $
I =$ $ & $ J " G G " I " J6 " " % ""
$
"% ! G "6 " " " " C
"
" I J G " 6 7
"
!
%
" $ " K6 "" G %" ,
6
% " " " " " $ L N " L;$ <? B
# " " KN " " $" $
" "
" .='
$
L1
@
%%
666N " " "
" "
C "
" I J G "% " " !$
6
/
$ "
" /
] "
G "
" " 6
=!
/ "
$$
K " $ "
$ " 6 7
"
$$
"
" !
"
" $"
$
6 $$ "
"6 .
" " "
C G $$ "!
/ "6 " G "! !%" 6 C "
" I J G "%6
7 " I " J G " " $ $ !
"
I "! J " W4
W)
W5
W
(6 L(N L)N LN
(6 L(N L)N L!N
(6 L(N L)N L"N
(6 L(N L)N LN
5)
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
L(N L)N 7 '6
" "
"%
"
%
$ " 6 H " "%
"@ $ " L(N L)N / $ / 6
"
" "
!
"
!
$
@ "
%"
"
" $
,C "
6 . " "! " $ @ % !
$ ,C " "
$6
#
" ! " @"@ !6 !
"
I J I E = = J6 7 " / " %"
" "
$6 @"@ ! $
6 "
! "
6 " "@^ " ! %" "
! C"@ 6 %
"
% " G " " C "
"
WE
"!
$ " L(N L)N 7 ' 6
(
C G !
%"
G !
I "
J "
1
"! " /
@
6
"
" /6 " / "b
@X
$ 1
" "! "
" 6 ! !%" I $ "! J $% ""
" $ 6
1 ) 2 , ! !
" "%
"" "
% "@"@ $
" $ /
6 " $ /
WE
7 ! @"@ " 6 +,-*
)**- ' 55
""
"
" "6 %% !
!/ G $
" %%
L4N6 "
" " %%" "
! % G " " "
/ @
"
"
"
"%
%
L)N6
./ 2 ! - ! "% " " " " " / @
6 % $ /
@ @
%%
$
" /
"
6
/ 6 3 - $
!
"! ""
"
$
$
%%
!
" %"
I $ J W+
2 7 '
" " "%6 " 1
"
"$
""6
'
" L(N LN 7 ' !%" $ / I $ $
?000A = (
=
9 E ( 1 (
$
( 9 E $$ ( == 8 J6
!/ !
"
%" !
/" $
" "$6 . C "
""
"
"@$ $ $ % "
G " %6
G ! " " "
!%" $6 7 /C " $ ! "
"
%!
"
/ " "6 "
T "b " "
76676#6 1 $ b6
W+
7 ' G " "
$ 4) c 4MM
5
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
% "
"
" " "
" U ! G I $ (
J6 H % C " "%
"
/$" %"
,C
6 . "" " !%" $ % "6
!(
"
" " " .=' $
1 " " %"
6 " "$ I $
J " 2 7 ' G "
"
$6 7 "% / ""
L " $ "
" ! ""
77#ON "
L" " %"666N 76
7 G $ W7
'
"% G !
" C U " 6
G " C $ ""
$
%%"
6 (% "
"
I $ J $ 2 7 '6 ( " "$ U !
1 "
6
>%
1
" G " " 6
0
%% = "@! >! /,D$
L>DN
"% C )* % )**4 I ( H E (=2 = E 8 = 8
J6 " " C %A $ % "" $ G C G " "/ 6
7 "
% "
% " !
! " " E 2
76 7 " 3
« Si [la partie détentrice a] de sérieuses raisons de considérer qu’une personne
protégée par la [IVe Convention] fait individuellement l’objet d’une suspicion
légitime de se livrer à une activité préjudiciable à la sécurité de l’État ou s’il est
W-
(6 e
)**- ' 5E
établi qu’elle se livre en fait à cette activité, ladite personne ne pourra se prévaloir
des droits et privilèges conférés par la présente Convention que s’ils étaient
exercés en sa faveur, pourraient porter préjudice à la sécurité de l’État ».
(
"
$
"
6 7
"
WW
G "
" G ""
6 #
" " 1
"% / !$
$ @ WM
" E $
@ G "
! $
6 U $ / "
G $
" ! "6 "!
G "
"
$
0&6
'
" % / "
C I $ J 7 ' !%" "
$ @6
> ! "" " 1 $
(
(
" ! / "%
" 6 U " !
% " 1 /" I "
J6 7 "
U G "@$ "/ M*
G 6 " "
" " " "@/
" U 6
!%" "
"
5 - #
6 7 " @! G
$ @
@
$
!$ G
" @ " %% $
WW
("E e)
WM
$ @ 5 " E $ @ L
6 )-N "
! $ I (
J "
G "% " "
-4 G -+6 7
"
" $ " "" 77# C " "
"
%
L
" %
% % " " 666N6 "
" ! " G L "
$X" /"666N "
"
L
"/ "
"
%
"
G 77#666N
M*
$ U % 7 1
" %% I $ (
$ (
$ ( $ J L78 %% 4M) ( V)N
5+
(
2 )**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
1"6 / "%
I M4
J 6 7 8
" L78N "
C %% 3 M)
9 " " "! G "% 6
" " " ""
"
!%"
! '
3(@N6 7
"
/ I (
$ =
$
(
$= M5
J "
6 7
$
%
"
"
" 5 " / 7
M
' $
1"
6
$ $
3O
6 7
$/ " & /
" " "
$6 78 "% "
% " "
ME
" 6 7 "
C ! M+
$
"
" $" /" 6 "
" "!
$
$!
M%%
/
" " 6
% " %!
$ 7
"
$
# I6
7 "
" ! 7 & 4WMM
" 2 7 & 4M*- $ /
MW
MM
7
' / "
6 " M4
M)
M5
M
(6 5 " / 7
' e4
78 %% 3 9 #76 4MW+ $ 44 e )4W
" 6 -E e4
" -E " " !$ @ " G $
@
" @
$
$
"
$6
ME
M+
78 "
% W 1 4MM+ #"6 4MM+
)+E e)
/ 6 L4N 07 4M++ I M = 8
(8
$$ C 6 4E L4N 7 $ @ !
%
4ME* I ( =
1
C0
M-
MW
= 6 L)N 07 4E L)N 7 @
(" " / 7
' LN +5 _ LN +) _ LN 4) _ L2N4EW
)**- ' 5-
% !1 /
"
" I =
( ( = (
8
= J6
1/ 6 - $
"
% G
/ @
" " "
"!
"
6 . " ! G !
%"
G !
I "
J 1
$ "! " @
" @6 G " / C $
6 "" C G $ / @
G
"! , $6
! $
2 7 ' /" / @
" ! $ 2 7 %
"
3 C
U "
" 6 " / @
" 76 >! /,D$
""
$ C ! I ( E $$ ''' -
? ' ''
A 'N (
4**
$ 8 E ( H J
6
7 "
/ @
%
"@"
I $ J "
! E "
I E 2 = E 4*4
(B J
6
$ @ " E " "
$!
6 7
"
"" I E = ( :'N ; J6 7
$
1"
" "" " $ "! C
% / @
! C MM
" 6 4 e) _ " ! 4**
4*4
5W
>D 1$ %% ! 4+ ! 4MMW L>,M+,)4,>N e)-4
2 7 ' 4MM G " "
$ 6Ee4
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
"% / $
"%
$$
6
=!
G "!
C "!
$/ "!
, $
6 %
!
/
1
" / "!
$, " / "
2 7 4*)
'
6
7 " % ; 0 I $ (
8 ( (8 (
4*5
'N -
J
6 "! , $ " G % C
"
" I $ J %
/ "
6
=
" %
" / @
%
"@"
C G I :
; E 2 = E (B J ! " E $ / I $ :
; ( 8 $ 2 E (B0 J6 "
"" " $ $ @ 5 E $
"
6
!%" " I $ J "
" $ " -E " 4*
"% G " E L5N
6 " -E " " $
"
$6 G "
"
" " / @
C % / @
6 $
1"
" !
6
"!
, $
$ "
""
G " $
"% $ 7
" 6 7
"
" " @ "
" 5 " / 7
' !%" 7
& $
" "6
4*)
; 0i#(== I >@ $ % [?%_ $ "!
\ J # '
8 # WE
VWM )**5 6 +6
4*5
; 0i#(== I >@ $ % [?%_ $ "!
\ J # '
8 # WE
VWM )**5 $E*
4*
7 " % G " / @
I &
8 ( =
$ (
$= $
E 'N E ( O7 J
)**- ' 5M
^ G " " ! / 1
6 !
" "% "" "
/ "
$ " !"@ " I 1 J G 6 (
"@ "
$ " " !%" "
2 6 7 $ 8 " I (& 8 (
( E =99 $
( 4*E
0 C
6
= $ =
4*E
8 " L6N G 'N -
E 4ME+ 6EWN
*
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
0/ & ! 7 "
!%" "
"
6 0 " %%
/ ""
"
!
"
%
$ $
G " " L(N6 0 "@ " 1 "
"
/ "%
/ L<N6
/ & , $
$ ! C / "
G " 16 "" " C $
b ! " "" $ %"
b "! , $ $6 ( "
"
$
" $/ !%" $
/ $
""
7
6
! 4 0 % !/ $
" %%
1 " 6 . "
G " " " % "^6
/ @
C "
"
" "6 "" "
!6
"@ / @
""
%%6 "@$ @
G I ! " J " !%" $ G ""
!
4*+
"% G 6E e) 7 '
6
7 "
"
!
" " %%
" 6 "
G ! !%" $ %% "
G /
" I (
E (
E ( H J % 6 E
Le)N6 . I J !1" 7 "
G , , " G "$
"
G " "
6 7 I J " G 4*+
" E %% I ( & (
E (
E ( H =
= 8 (
=
$
=
J Le)N
)**- ' 4
! " " " G % "
!! " / @
" "$
%
G " 6 7 G " " "" !%" $ ! "
"" G G !6
. "
" ^
"
" $ " G " 6 7
/ C "
!6 "
" G 1
"
6 ! "
% " " 3 " / @
6 . " "
" % G " $ $ G " "6
- $
, P
"
" 1 " " / @
,"!6 / @
"! $6 C " !
"! "," %$ "%
6 7 6E4 L5N
" "
" " / @
" $ I J6 65 " /
7 ' C " /
4*
I J I = J
6
" / @
G " " ""
/ !
6 " / @
" " 1 " $ " 6 7 " "
6 " / @
"! $6 % "
G " ! G I 2 = E (B J "
" "% G " E 2 7 ' G $ /
/ I $
J 6 %/ "
"6
% "
" 4*W
$ "!
% / / @
/ G @" " " "@%
" $
6 C 1$
!/ "
" "
" G "
"
! C "/," "
4*-
4*W
)
( 5 e4 " / 7
'
7%6 6 55,4
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
@ "! 6 $
1"
" -E " "
" 5 " / 7
'
$
7 "" $
4*M G " %
6
P - '
" " / @
" " " "" ! "
1
"6 " " /
@
% , ""
% / "
6 %% 1
% "
"6
7
%%
"
G "%
6 "" "@$ "
"/ $
C "
" " / @
6 ( $
"
!
%%
% $ " 44*
$
K
" "
"
K
" " "!6 C "! $
" %" $ $6
"@ $ ! "" "
I P $
J 16 %" "
% "%
" ! % ^
% "@$ "
"
"
"
$ "" 6 "" %
G %
, C "
" " " Z " $ " $ %
6 0
"
%%" 444
44)
"
"
" G $
%
G ! G "! !1"%
P
$
L""@
/ $
666N6 ( " "
"
%
G "% $$!6 7 %
" ,
" / @
Z
7 " %% " " 4*M
7
$
"
!
"
MM G 4*W 2 7 "" "
"" $ %"
!%" "
/ $ $
"!
44*
444
44)
:(=(# I 7"
:" '?$ Q J "
4+ 1 )**- 6 (*4
7 % "
0 7 7!
0 X"@
"%
G 7(7 "6 > 7 0 7 K
)**- ' 5
$ %" " "! $ G "
"
" " 445
6 "
/"
" "
6
$ % G " " /
%
L 3,/ )/N G G ! %" / %
" , / @
Z 7
"
C 1"!
G G $ G %
6 0
"
%$ !/ "
%
" !
G !1"%
%
6E) L)N
" " I =
=
$$ E (
$$
(
J6 0
!/ G $ "
!1"%
, "
/ %
$ " G " /
@
"! $ Z / % " " " 6 "" ] C " " Z = , C "! % ] G Z
% %"
" %"
% $
X"@
" % "
6 7
"
" 2 7 6 "@$ % K6 7
"
"! G %" "
%"
%A 6 " C "
% " " % "
"
# " G %%
"
;1 " !
6 "
"
/ % ,
C "
" " "
/ @
Z
0 C $ %
1
! %
6 " G $ " "
$ %
6 . "
"
G %"
" " " / @
6 " $ "$ " Z =!/ 44
" "@$
$ "
6 "
!
!1
" %
$ " ,
$ / @
Z
" "
6 0
445
7
77# " , / I " " /
@
@ J L
44
! )**5 "
! @ 3__???6""6$_%
7
"
<"K? $ "@% $ K <
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
"
U
G " " % $ "
1 G %% $6 0
@ %A " $ %"6
" " / @
"
C / "6 % !
"
$/ " 6
: % " " % "
"
"
"
" " $ $ "6 7 $ " ! ""
G "!
%%
" "
" $
" 6 ( " G "^ G C %! "!
$6 G " "6 % / "
G !/ "
" " G "
"
$
"
!
1
6
"% " "
" " "6 7
C G
$ " " " ""
"
! " !/ "
6 ! G " " % " "" G !
G "
/ " 6
1/ & $ 3
%!
" "
% $
! " $
"
"%
/6 0 4MWM "%
6 0 "
4MM* / "@ +Ea "%
44E
C "" 6 )**5 / )M "%
44+
"
6 /" K (%$@
$
1 "/
"
"/ $
"
"%
6 7
"
4444W
44M
"
($
<
7
44E
44+
"%6 ))
$ "%
7"@ K
K6 L#"
& " # )**E '
<#>#(=0 I "%
" J :" 7&(#.= " :A
)**+ 6 4))N
44-
/" ."
)**- ' E
4)*
7!
4)4
#? &Y
4))
6
. "% , $
6 0 "%
7
' " " 5 " /
4)5
4)
7
'
" 6 "
" $
" 5 " / 7
'6 "
" %% / 6
$ !
%" "
/
% @6 " @ C $ "!
$ C " !
" G "" %
6 . " " "%
$
!%" G $ %! " %
" "
$
G 6 %% "%
$ $$ "
$ G $
"6 "
"% ! ! / $ $ $ C % /
@
6 . " % "@ 6 "K " % "/ " $ G ! $$ C " / @
I $$ J "%
4)E
" 6
44W
44M
4)*
4)4
4))
4)5
/" ."
0%
0 7
#
0 7
#@ ;$ <? B #
6 5 I $ 5
J Le4N
4)
( 44 1 )**- 4+5 G " 77#6 (/ " 4 L4N G I $ ( I
: '; (
5 $ $ J
G "
"
+
)**- ' #$ " % & ! ' ! (
(
! / !
$ "/," ! "^6 " @ "" " " 5
4)+
" "
"@ " " 6
#
$ ' ! "
"
!
"!
4) $ "
6 C
/ "
/
6
! " " G 6 !%" "
%
G " 5 L4N " % " " / @
6 . " " " 4)W
" " G $ !
6 " C "! C " $ " 56 %
!
" " !%" "
6
" 6 7 " 5 " / 7
' / " @ " $
%
L6 N6 $
$
L6 E +N
" $ !
G "" " L> 2
6 45 G 4WN6
/ C
%%"
"
"
6 0 $ !
%" ""
"
!$
%
" $
%
" $ "
" "
G !
" " " /
4)M
@
6
4)E
"
7
I "@ 6 (7; , '
5
, =& 3
9 ) 3
9'
) $
QK$ $ & " 7%" #
"@ & =! )**5
4)+
" / 7
' 4) c 4MM % G " "
"%
/ G =? DK 4+ 1 4M-4)-
0 $ %% " $
$
" "
/ "b
$ !
6 7 "
($ =>( # ! " 7$ 0
;! $ =! < L='# $ " 644N6
4)W
7% % 6 E4,E-
)**- ' -
45*
(
8
= J
!
C "
" "6 ( " 1 @ $!
"/ $ $ /" 6 H G " !! G "" G $$
"% "%6
= $ =
^ " G " " " "/ $ " 6 4)M
" %
$
%
G I 8 J L6 L4NN " "
L> 2N "
I $ 8 J
45*
W
" ! e
)**- ' G #$ " % & ! ' ! (
! " " " $ C !1 ! / !
$ !
"/," ! "^6 %
C $ $$ $ $ " "@ "@"
$
/
"
!
6 $ $6
@ $ " ""
"
%A 6
= @!
" "
$
"!
"
1 / "6 %% @ "@"@ G " !1"%
!
"
G ! /" !
% " " " " "" " "
$ $
" G 6 7 $ $
"! C " $
" ""
G " 6 "
" / ""
1
"%
" 3 " "" "%
!/ $
!$Y % " " G @ "! " 6
)**- ' M
E*
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
#$ "" % & ! ' (
"%
"% ! %%"
G $ $ " @ "/ " $
6
" % @ "
% !$
"6
" /
$ " / / " 3 6 @ %/ $
! "6 "
G $ " ! "
1" 6 . @ " " G 1 / %!
%
1
/ / % " "%
6
!
" "" "
"
" G T "
"b $
G "/ " L(N6 G
@ ! " " %%
1"
G
"^ "
"
L<N6
)**- ' E4
) '' , %"
"%
" ! "
" " 6 G "b
G $ "6 7/," $ " U
/,C
@"@ 6 @"@ %
" !
"
6
0
"
"
C6 /
C ! $ " $" "b6 @"@ ! "
L4N % L)N6 H / "
$ ! %%" 1 L5N6 7
!
" " " / 6
./ $$ , 3
' / $$ Q $
0
"
"@ " !
% @"@
6 > $ G "@^ " $ !/ $
6 $ " @"@ " ! !
$
%
!
" G "
$
6 0
"
:" " + $
" $ / I E $ E = 0 (
( ?000A 454
= J
6
$ ! % @6
7," " G " !6 " "
! " !
$
"
" "
454
L8.#: 5* 1 4M-EN %" " V)**,4*+ )M 1 )** L8.#: E % )**N " <" >&.(,>( $
"6 I J )** $ +-
E)
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
"
C"@ G % 6
7 ! " / " % " W+ L)N
" I $ (
$
8 :; = (8
=
( $
= $
( (
= $
0 J
"
$$ " !
"
%"
G "
" "
% C"@ 6 "
" " "
$ 45)
!
6 6 W- L)N C " @
! "
! !$
$ "%
6
7
$
$ $
"@ 6 ! " %
455
" " )W #
% G I = $ J "
$ !
/ "%
6 1
"
"
/ !/ / / "%
45
" ! @"@
6
7 $ ! $ "b
%%"% " "@" C ! "
"
@
6 ! " " "b " @6
7
C"@ "
I !
J %"
"
$ 6 " ! @"@ %%" %
!
" I !
T
J % / "
"
6
1/ 3
$$ 45)
455
45
( W- L4N " # 7 4- 1 4MMW6
$ 1$
7@! " >D %%
P /% )+ %
)**4 Le*4N 4/ 5 )**5 Le)MN = 4+ ! 4MMW Le5+N " 7@! " ># %% P& #%
)4 4MMM Le))M,)54N
)**- ' E5
( " 6 G " G ! 6 7
"
@"@6 %%"
G ! " "@ " "
" / ! 6 0
"
"@ @"@ " " 6 "@^
" !,, "@^ ! Z
3 P
@ G ! " " G " / %"
6 " W+ L)N "
%
$ !
I J I = J 6 " W- "@ % G
!$ "
C"@ %"
!
L4N "/," "
!$
$
@ L)N % / %" G 45E
I J "
"
/ I = $ J
6
7 " W- "" " $ !
% " " $ 6 7 %%" "@ / % " W- " !$
/ "
/
U
/
1 % " $
" 3 !
%"
6 " W+
G " !$ % " ! "
%"6
# "% ! @"@ " " 6 " )W !
I = $ J %% G %
$ ! I $ J L $ @ N ! " "
45+
@"@
"
L $ @ !N
6
7 ! ! " "
"% 1
"6 7@! " ># "
1$ % D ( & = $
$$ (
45E = 0 8 & J
6
45E
(" W- L4N 3 I 5 $ = $ ?000A J " W- L)N I ?000A ?000A
(
= $ ?@A J L
$$ 1N
45+
45-
E
$ @ !N %% I = A J
>#,M-,)*( e*4
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
% " _ ! C % 45W
45M
" %% G >D
>#
6
7 @"@ " G ",
!6 " ! C ! "
"
C $$ ! @"@6 # G " 1 I :
; Q $$$ J C
/"
@"@ !6
7
"
! ! "
1
" !/ / /6 7@! " >D "
%% = 4+ !4MMW
4* I (
= = E $ J6 " !
! " "
"
6 % %%6 I "b %%"% J "
G % @"@ " " "
%" " " 44
"6 7 "% >D 7@! " ># %% P& #%
)4 4MMM6
P 3 '' - "" I " ! J C / " "
6 7
"
@"@
" !
/
! "
"
!6 "@ !
"
$
"
"$
K "
%
@"@
6 $ !" "
$
"
$
4)
" @"@
6
7 "
! %% G /
" I "b %%"% J6 %% "" "
! "6 1
45W
45M
4*
44
4)
%% = )* % )**4
%% P& #%
)4 4MMM
%% >,ME,4,> Le5EN
7@! >D %% = )* % )**4
"@ =6 7&>> " " $
E)M,E5*
)**- ' EE
! ^ $
C " 45
1
! $ "
4
"
" G %A
6
@"@ "," ! " $ 4E
""6 (" G " ! G 6 7
%
/ G "
G 6 % 6 !
" / " "" " " 6 "" "@%
] "," C L "
"666N ] " " $ 6 ! " C / G $ $ / ! "@
! G 6 "@ %
/" "
% " %" 6
0
"
G ""
%%
,
G " " " G " "
"
Z /
"
" " " %%, G % ! Z : 1
" " "
%%" "" I " ! J "! / ""
"
6
"
! @"@
@ " G %%"
6 0 "
"
@"@
6 7
" @
$
"
6 "! I " ! J / @"@
"
"@6 % C "
! " @"@
! 1"
" "^ %"
4+
$
6 7 " ! @"@ "1$ G !
" "
" "
"
% "
6
45
4
4E
R
$ $ & > 6 WEL"N
7 8
" 6*M
2 6 86 j [7"
@ <%3 Q@ & Q $ )5 V5 ( 4MMM 6 4)
4+
E+
7 "" <
)**- ' :Z\ ) . >
$
#$ "" % & ! ' (
0/ 3
, 4 4 '
%6 "^ $
1
"" " "@ ! " 6 %"
!$
G
$ G %%
@ !
4- !$ /
"
"6
"
$ C !
$
% "6 7
," "@"@ G %A G /
%
G "c "@
"/ ""6 0
" " "
" G $ @ $
$$ ^
% ""
"
$ "
/ @
6 7 !6 / % <"K?6 $$
4W
"!
" $
K
6 . " " 5*a 1
A $ "
!
"@ ($
"@ 4M
6 . $ "
" L "
"N $
@ "
G " "%6
"
" % "
" "
6
(
"@ " " ! "
" L
@
"
1" " !ON !
!"@ " 6 /
" " "@ " G %
$
4-
> 7
' "
1$ U
G I $$ = 8 8 : ;
& $ E ( (
J L6 " / 7
L-N _ LWN _ L4)-N _ 2 L4N 6 4M " N
4W
)**5 " " <"K? "@$ $ ( 7 G =1% $
6 ! % ""@
"
$
L0 #> I '
# ("K
6 &
J "
+ )** $ (4N6
4M
Q6
='#
I
Q
%
&
J
(.=
4E
)**
!
G
@ 3__"@6
6"_?
_%_)**_*_4E_?
_ 6@
)**- ' E-
"
"
6 . %" "
"
$ @
" 6 . /,
"
4E*
!
%"
" $
"/
4E4
C $ %
6
"
G " %%" !
"
"
"/,"6 <" "
" "@ ! " " 16 1
%$ " "@ ! " % $
$ " " @ ! 6 ! @"@ %%" G "
$ " %%" " " "6
7
%% " % !
" @ @6 " "
' =
;% ( " : " 0
4MMM " !"@ " -=
4E)
6 7 " )*** G " / %
/ $
" @ L" 4N %
% " " @
L" )N6 7
" " I =
! @ "
4E5
J 7
@ 45 c )**5
6
7
"
!"@ ! "
" b ! @ "
!
" "
" " 1 "$6 "
" 1 ! "
/ "
"
4E*
. !
6. "
!
5)
! <%% ,%" /, !
"
#" $
"
"
,"666
4E4
. "$ "
"
" 7@
..= I 2 "
%/ !
k
"
"
$
$ "" , J 0 <'. L6N 9 + 8 < 7
B7%
& 1 )**
4E)
4E5
-= "
! @ 3__???6$!" "6$
7
"
%"
_7=6_!6)_)**5_4)_#6)
@ 3__???466_@
_K_:
)**56@l EW
)**- ' "
!
3
#$ "" % & ! ' (
6
% "
"@ " " 1"
"@$
1$ "
$ "
" @6 " "
4E
7 / @
4EE
C " / !/ / /
6
5/ 6 , '' !!
! U
/ "
"
"T ! $6 $/ /
X"@
U
/ !
6 0
" " , ! G U Z >
C
""
"
" 3 % " " " ! ,@b "
" 6
, - '
" "" @ !$ % / I 4E+
: ; $ J @
! $$ 6 " M4 " %
" ! / I $
$ J6 "" $
%"
I $ J "
L(N LN 7 % C "
" %
%"
" U C ! "
"
"
!
" M4 " 6
7 $ ! G U @ %
U
% ! "
"
!
%"
6 ,1" 4E
(6 )E L4N # 4MMW 3 I E (
& J6
4EE
"
"%
+ E >D >#
"
" " "" I & J L
"
#
W)- MEE 7
" " )E 4MM5 W ! 4MMN
4E+
7
' " " k " 6 4 W* L)N
)**- ' EM
U C ! " $
6 U
"
"
C !
"/,"6
36 3
!
" " ! / "
$
C ! %"
"
/
G $ " 6 !
" "
" L
%%" "
ON "
"
" ! !
G 6 G ! "
"
@
6 " " " ! " " @
%
6
36 "@ " " /
1 !6 0/ " / G ! %"
"
""
G "6
R3
! ' 36
U ! $$ "
"
"
"/," "
" $
$ " U $
" "b %%"% " C
%%" $ U6
" W I 1 "
! U %
4E " J 7
)**4
%% D (
(
$ (B ( $ Q B J6
^ " ! G U "
$
"
" U " "6
"" " "
"
"
$
$$ ! " I J " U 6
4E-
7 " % %% "%" $
G ! 7
6 "
! 3 @ 3__???466_@
_
_:?$%"
6 %
+*
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
7 " " % " " ! G U % "
" "
4EW
,C " " %
$
6 %"
! G U " /" !1 "6 "" "@$ " %
%" G " " ! I !
J $$ ! U ] "% "
!
6
"@ % G / $
I !
J G " ! U "
$ " " $6
"@ %%" ! ! U "
"
"
I :
; Q J6 $ "b "
$$ ! U % !1 ""
6
4EM
0
%% ) 3
78 G
" ! ,
"" "
" " $ ="$6 0
C )1 4MW+ 7 D B9R
E (
E $
E (
$
E
(
"
E =2$ E $
$$
9 ?000A = B GR
"
0 ?000A $ =
= $ " Q 9R
0 J6 7 "" I = 2 = ( Q $$$ 4+*
J
6
7 /$ " $ "b %%"% 1 ! U6 % $
U %
" " %%" %"
6
7 7@! >D $ G "@ $ "b "
"
C G U %%6 0
%% 4+4
S
G 6 >m ! <
4EW
7
0 1 "
! U
% " 7
%
k "6
=
)**4 6 44*
4EM
78 ) 3 9 L="$ "6 U
(N #" 4MW+
646
4+*
4+4
(C )- 1 4MW+ e44E
(%% >,M,4 0 S L4MMMN 65W 64E,4W
)**- ' +4
"! " $ !
$
$ % U
$ G # ! : D$
7@! 1
/ 78 %% "
="$6 1$ "
"
7 $$ ! U "
G $ C % G ! Le44+,4)+N "$ " U
"
1"
Le4),4EN6
7@! " "b %%"% 78 " I "b $! J L N6 7 "b $! I 9 E $
$ E 4+)
$
J
! "
!
"
" $"
6 $" " C 78 7@! $ I (8 (
Q (
E (
(
$ (
4+5
J
6
H " "b "b %%"% "b $! ^ " /
1 ! U
"
"
6 % " ""
$ G $ U "b " " !" " "6 0
"
"
"
^ " $ % U "
"
$$ !6
! $$ ! U "
""
"
$ G "
"
$
"
!6 " E 1 "
%% I (
( (B ?000A = B E 8 = ( $ (B C0 7 " ^ " G "
" /
6 " G %
"" $
" $
" "
G " % " " " ""
" X"@
"%
G "
C G $
"
!6 7
," %% %
7 7
4+)
4+5
+)
e4E " ,%%"
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
" I $
E = 8 4+
(B J
6
" C I @! J G /" "
$
6 7 " ! !
"
" "
"
% /" " "
$/ $
" $ $"
6
U "@$ "
%"
"
! "
"
"
"," " "%
6
$ $ $
" ! U 1 ! U $ $
%6 %% /
" @! G /" $
%" !6 7 "
/
" "
"b
%%"% "
"
"%
%"
6 ! U " "
" ! !
"
"
"
" "b " U6 U ! "
"
"
" ! C "/," 4+E
"
G "
6 " C
!
,G,
" "
G $ $
,G,
" !
%"
6
7 "$ I $
" ! J 1
"
%6 c X"@
"%
/ "
" "$6 "
" " $
%
$ $
"
$
,
!
G "
/"
" ! Z ! " "@$
"
6 "
"
$
!
$ 4+
4+E
7 6 M" - 1 %% I (
( (
= E
(8 = $ ( ( ( J L
$$
1N6 7
" 1G %%
7
"
%",/"
" !
$$ >0 40 6 %A
%%"
/"
% $ "/," /$ 6 7 !
" G @"@ /" 1 !6 7 7
" I ! !1" J
! C $$ !
" % $
" %," @
" " " @"@ L$$ >0 40 :" "6 /
4M)M #" "
!
6 2 6 E4+N
)**- ' +5
" "%
G / $ %" C6
36=$G , !
' % @b %%" " ! $$ "
"," ! C "
" " 6
0
C %% 4++
B R
E 7 8
" L78N G / ! G U "
"
6
(!
,
4+
$ 6 C " G
$ "
"
"
$
G " C ! G / $6 (@ ;@ "@% # " 1
% " " U G "
6
7 G ! U "" "/ "
U
$ " %%" "" I ()&
P&
( (B &
$ (
(= ( B0 (
Q (B 4+W
= J
6
(
! U $$ ! %
C"@ %" "
6 "" C "
" G "
$
6 !" %" G "
"
"
""
" %% G ! "
"
6
. " $ !
4++
4+-
78 #"6 4MW* $ 5
! 4M-M "/ # %
$
%" G !
U
G >@
%
$ " "" %% @@ /
$ "6 %
(!
%"
$
6
!
"" $6 "
>!P @P C
%A6 $ "
" $6
4+W
78 C ) 4MW* %% B R
E #" 4MW* $ 5
Le-N
+
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
"
"
""
"
/ 6 7 " "
] / " " " "
"
L " " " !N "
1 $
! 6 (
!
"
"
!
%"
"
G $ ! $ "
"
!" %6
0 % 1
" $ $
" ! " "b %%"% C G %"
"
G
"6
0 "
"
" "" " " 6 !" "
4+M
$ ," " G 6
H / "
" " .=' $"
.= "
$$ ! " 6
"
^ %"
"
""
"
1
%%" !
G "
"
!
%"
6 "
G "
!"@
" ! !
6 7," G % %" /
C
!
$ 6
7 ! "^ % "$ 1
" ! "
"
/ "@$ % " 6 %
%"
"
G $ /
"
"
" " G ! "
" G "b $ " 6 $ " /
"
G "
G / !
$ 6
( % " !
" " /
" " !
"/ " 3 @"@6 %%
/
" % @ "b "
" !
" "@"6 . "
C !
" "" "
6 ," % @"@ "
G " " " ! "
"
6
4+M
," " " 6 (
,, , $
" " =,' G /" ."
6 K , G "
""
" $"
)**- ' +E
#
" C "
"
%" C G " "
$6 %% ^
" 6 7 " " "
" " "
6
1 ) , 3
! "
!
$6 % "
""
!$ " @ 4-*
!
"
" "
!
" !/ " C"@ "
""
6
(
"
"
" "
%%
% " $ 1
1
" "
6 (
" "
"
1 " !%"6
0 % " !
/ %" %
C
% 0 7
4-4
<
4MMM
6 " ! )** "
"
7(7 "6 >
7 ""
/ "
4-)
%$
/ K
(! '@!
6
4-*
(
" !/ =!$ 4ME >K 4M+ % " 1 G
6 7
G (
! ' =
% 4ME* I " "
"
!
=!$ 1$ " ! J6 . $ "
" " ! "
" L" N C "
] " " "
%" $ L" N6 " >D ># " W)- MEE 7
" " 7 > # 4MMW "@ "
" " " 3 1 " @6 "
"% " " C
"
$ !
G " " "
,"6 L 3 :"
( (6 (>7&2 2 =
E ( (
2 & "" $
8
4MMM
4-4
++
0!@ (2(=> I P$ >$ J :$ " :"
6 - V+ )**)
)**- ' 6 4,4E4N
#$ "" % & ! ' (
(
"
%
7 " " "
% !1 6
> %%" 1" " "^ "
"
G $6 0
"
"
"
% ! " "
6 "@ " "
%%
!/ "
/ L4N /
L)N !/ L5N "
%% / "
6
./ , '
"
"
!
!/ "
6 " !/ " " 1$ "/ ] " "
" " "/ " " !
" " 6 "
"
%%"
1
C"@ %%"" "
$
""
"
1"
"
6
- =$G+ " "" !/ @b ] "
" @ @
G "
6 7
"/
$ !
$
6 0
"
""
"
!/ /
$
1" %" $6
0
@ @
] !/ " G %" $ A
" %
"@" " "" @
G 1
" I J6
. $ " ! G 1
" &
/ !/ !
""
" "6
" " %"
!
C " G !/6 %% $ %" C G " /"
"
$$ "@6 0
"/ $ " $ "
/"
G "
%
$ "!
1
!
L " "@ ""
$/ ! / =
/ N6 "
%
!" " !
"" $ " / !
C 4-)
"@ " " 6 E4+
)**- ' +-
"@"@ G %% %%
G P G 1"
6
" %
$ A C "" " " /$ "
$ " !/ /6 "
!
4-5
$ $ %
!"@ ,G,
1
" "6
% "
"" 1"6 ,
% $ $
"" G G !/ $
6 "
"
"
"/," !
" C
!/ "/ ] " " " @
"6
"
K " "6 ( I % J G K
" < G C ( " $ " "
" 4-
" " !/ K
6 7 1" " %"
"
" ""
%"
76 < " " %"
$
@ "
$ " %
!1 ""
%" "
"
$ G " " !/ K
6
$ !/ "
$
"
$ "
K " "
7(7 "6 > 7 K
"
"
G "
" C ! K " "
6
(
$ 2 ! " "^ "
"
"
" "
1 6
- 3
!+ ( % C !/ " "
"
C !/ $ " " 6 G " %%"
4-5
7
' % !$ / "@"@ !/ %"
$
@ I J " 1" L7
' " " M_E*_4)M_4+N " " " / !/ /
7
' /6
4-
(
7 K . V4- % @ 7 (@ =: "
7(_.#0 )- 1 )** "
! G @ 3__???6"6$_$
_l.
+W
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
/
6 0
" " " G $ ,
C !/ Z
%%" 16 G " "
/ !/ "
/6 ! $
" " 1$ "
"
"^ %"
"
@
"," "
6
7
"
,
" / %
"
" 6 )*** " " / & 8 > )6 7 / 1"
%
"^ %"
"
G $ "
""
0 0%
6 " " $ " / I & 4-E
$ J
" "$ % " / " "
" 0 0%
" , 4-+
" G $ " 6 % /" 2
"
$"
"
6
"
" $
" " ""
" %$
/ (! '@! K6 (
"
"
"
% !1 $ " b "
" 4-
%$
/ 6 > " 0 0%
C "
%
& 8 > )6
7 % I %"
"" $
J % "
0%
4-E
& 8 > ) )) ! )*** L!" ? 4*+,E)5N " ) G R
L 4W "@ )4) e5)+4N "
! G 3 @ 3__???6 !K?6"_@_ 4*+,E)56 % 3 " " "
%
/ "
!
" "
G $ I & =& &
) . R
J Le5)+4 LN L4NN
4-+
" " / 1"
%
"^ "
"
G $ I & =& &
) . R
J Le5)+4 LN L4NN6 / I & =& &
)
. R
J % " " I &
:
$; & $ !
$ !$
?@A !
$ !$
?
=
& A & $ !
$ !$
?
=
& A\ Le5)+- L4N L(N L)N L(N
LNNN
4--
> C $ $$
" "
" "
7(7 "6 > 7 " %% L>@
7(>(= I "@
$ " J .
4* % )**ENN
)**- ' +M
4-W
)**E
6 " " "
%
1$ "
" " " 0 0%
"/ "
" " " $" % ] "
I G 0 0%
G $ J
4-M 6
"
%
"
" $/ "
"
"
@
6 7 1
"
6
> ! ""
"
"
" .=' "
$
/ @
1"
6 0 C "
!/
4W*
$
" ,
K (%$@
6 ,
C / ,
!
" Z
" I G 0 0%
G $ J %6 $
,, " "$ ",, " Z "
!X
"
L $ON " "
(0 !
G "
G " I J Z !
" 1
" "
%%" 1 "
6
"
G $ !
6 ""
" !
" G $ %%" "
" "
1
" 6 K " !
b / ,
"
" " " !
"
" "
6
4-W
#
"0 #
3
!$
)%
) $ . T JUU7 L&6#6 )**N 7$
4*W
"
! G @ 3__???6$"K6
_"$
_!/6/ Z!`4*W,)**
4-M
" 4*WW R
" 5)+- L4N L(N % G I & $ ? =
& A $ ?'A !
$ !$
?@A V ?''A & . & & & 8
&
$ !
J
4W*
/ % " " > 7 %%" " "
$ " K "
"!
"@
L($ P I 2 " #" % ! 66 7
J '
3, )
& 54
"! )**EN6
-*
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
" " " !/ "^ "
$ "
" @ C / 1"
U
] ""
"
" G U6 7
' % %% !$ / U
%" $
@ C 4W4
% $
"
@
6 " " 1"
/ " !
6
!
$
% " " G
$ "
$ "
$" "
"
@ !/ % $6 0 "
6 > $ 1" 6 b " 1" "
" "
%
"
$
" /
6 C G !
$ %A G @ " ! 6 "
$ " !/ $ " !6
<$ " '$ <
@ D
(% (
@ "
! !
$ !$
4W)
G " $C 6 " " ! / " 4W5
" 1" G "" / 8
"
6
!/ G / %
0 #
%
"@% " $ G "
4W
" "% G 6 (
" " " / "/," $ $
"
"
] "," G C
6 ! " ! %%" $ "
,
' <$ 1"
""@ " 6
4W4
4W)
7 ' " " M_E*_4)M_4+
!$ 4MM5 / !/ / "
" " " C !
" N
4W5
'
) )**4 " E5 L5N 3 I $ $$
= 8 =& , $ )
& -
J
4W
#
I ' " #1"
$ % #
% J )
44 % )**E 6(M
)**- ' -4
0/ , 7
"
" / %"
1"
" 7 6 :" " !
1
" "," "
$ " $" " @6 7 1" "
A C " ! "
$ " G 4WE
1
G "
" G 6
7 " G % G 1 "
$
" "" "
6 (
,
$
"
"
#6 "
" " !
C " "
6 K / # "
4W+
" "
C %
7
6
,
)**) " G
G 7 "" " !/ ""
!/ $$ G G 7 "
"
6 " ""
!/ 4W4WW
1G ""
%
" 6
7
""
/ " " G 7 / " !
G 7 / $ 6 $ " "
G $ 4WM
"
6
(
"" " " " (%$@
4WE
4W+
# 4- 1 4MMW 6 )E % G ! 6 -- % / " 4) L)N 7 " " "!
"
# "
"
"
4W-
4WW
0 ,
A 44 "! )**+ ""
4*) ""
)
=( ) $ )**) % G ""
""
" 6 %% %
G 7 %
""
!/6 0 % !/ # ! %
Q
@$ G % %
6 0
" <
(% 7
#" ; 7 C P
"
-)
G !
)**- ' #$ "" % & ! ' (
" " %
" 7! " !
C 7
6 < (%$@
7! # ""
G W ""
!/
" ,
6
7
""
!/ G "
"
"
" $ "
" I $
J " ,
"
6 K
! " " " " $ "
""
6
% ! C " " 7 " " " G / !
1
"
$ $" " @6
7 4W 1$
7@!
"
!$ % G 4** "@
"
$$
"" "
$/
"
G $ 7 !$ % "@/6 !/ / / "%
C ! "
% "@/ "" " 7 ! $$
" I 8 = J
4M* 6 " ,C " " $ I ( (
J 1"
"
"
/6 0 $ " G %%"
@
"@%
$ $
"
7 " ^ " G ! 1
"
6
5/ , !
%"
" !
%"
@X
/
$ "
1
"
6 " " 1"
% $
6 0
G "^ %"
"
!
%"
"
"
%
" " / "
"
"" $
"
%"
6 7
4M4
/ "
$
%A
6
4WM
7 7 % < ($
! $ 4 "! )**+ 6 4
"
! ???6""?6$
4M*
7" G "
$ "" < " )**5 "
! G
3 @ 3__???6""," 6_ _%"@_"
6 @
)**- ' -5
7 " " ! "
6 "
.=' $
G "
1"
6 H / ""
"/
" C ""
6 !/ "
$
$"
/ G "
" G "
!
G "" " C
G "" $
%"
6
! C G "
"
" %, $
G 1
" 1$
"
"
"
6 C %6
,
',<$ 1@ / /
"
"/ "
" "
%"
/
6 0
"@ $
"
!/ ""
G 1"
6
#
" "" ,
!%"
"
"
R
$ $ & > " " / !/
"^ %"
"
"
"" $ %"
" "
,"6
7 "
"
C %
" 4M)
" I J
6 7 " G 1"
"
! " " / $ " 7$
4M5
,
"% G 7
6
7 C 1$ C # 0 % "
! / "
" " % $
%
"
!6 . " "
2 2 2 (
4M4
" EM 7 8
" I =
8 W $
#= = $ E ( (
J L
$$ 1N6 7 % %
G "" $ G $ "
" ""
"" $ %"
6
4M)
R
$ $ & > 6 ) LN I $,
=2 ?@A ?IUA '
$ , ,
&
$
$
J
L
$$
1N
???6"
6$__"14MM-*+4E6@
4M5
-
7
,
( " W 3 I , ?@A " J6
)**- ' "
!
#$ "" % & ! ' (
4M
7
,
6 7 "
"
"
%
% "" $ %"
G $
/6 " " 7 " C 1
" "
$ " 7$
" " 1 1
% $ / $
7
6
"
@ 1" " $ &
) !
1
" " G " 16 (
%% R
0 ) 7 / I J " " " !/ G $ "
C " " / "
$
"
7$
6 $
& ) " /
" $ 2 "
"
"
" "
" 7 I $ $ = 2 J
4ME 6 C 7 %% ! "
1
"
!
" " $ % 7$
C X 0 " "
"
%
4M+
"
!/ 6
. 7$
,
% " $ " ' 6 ""
"
K (%$@
" " " C 1$
! " % " $6 !
" 1
"
" "" I J G " )
LN L4*N R
$ $ & > "
" " !
C
1
" ,
6
#
0
"
',<$ )& ) 4MEE " 1$ "
"" $ " 4M
G "
6 " " C
" / "
" %% " 4MW
$ "
6
(
1
G " 4M
G 7
C " ""
$ ""
G C 1$ !" 1 $ " /"
4ME
I $ $ $ , $ =2
& 2 J 7 % (
4M+
7 % (
R
0 ) 4M 7( *5 L4M-*NN
X 0 " 4M 7( *5 L4M-*N
)**- ' -E
" " "
1"
G "^ %"
4MM
"
! ) . ) )**+ !$Y6 "
G " ! " !
C )**
1
" "
@X
/
6
$
! " ! "
!/ $
" 6
" 1" " " ! " % $$
)&
"@$
"
6
7 ! "@$ 1$ "
"" $
%"
/
G C $
C %%"" " 1 1
G "
6 $
6
0 ! "
6 7 %
!
$$
"6 0 $ "
"6 7
! " "@$ 1$
"
6
% %% / 1"
"
6 7
," "/
]
""
$
"@"
C /
$
$ /
! %% $
G "
$ / "
"
G % "
6 7
!/ "
4M-
( (" 4MEE " )*M L4N 3 I ?@A , & = & $ $ : 2 $ ;
& & , & $ = & $ $ & = $ = & & $ J6 7 ! 1$ "
"" $ %"
@X
/
G "
1"
"
4MW
) . ) 4M-+ " " 1" /"
/ "
1
%
"
"
4MM
%% "
/ $
" " "
!/ /
"
" ' ! ""
$" 6 2 " /
$
M EW " 8 &
+ #
=& $ $
c )**E 70&
)**
" %% " "^ " !
I ,
J "
,G, "
I =& $ -
$ R
P
J I $ & $ 5 2&( $ J 7
5-* "@ 4E LN )
.
)
)**+
"
!
???6 6@,
,%%"6"6K_ _")**E*+_"!
_4-)_)**+4-)6@
-+
)**- ' G
3
#$ "" % & ! ' (
%" "/
@
$
"
!6 C G
/
" G !/ "/ " $
G C G G @"@ 6
. % 1 "
" %%"" " 6 %"
X ! "/ !"@
!%" "
$6 7
!
"/ "
" "
G %%"" %"
G
% "b "
6 H G "
"
@ G %
" " 1"
%
^ 6 !
" ! ""
" !
" "
" 1 @"@ " "1$ " $
6 "
G "
$
" 6 $ G $
"
G %% "
"
6
)**- ' --
-W
)**- ' #
#
"
"
/ " %
1
1
6 / "! / "
"
"
3
" G " 6 " %
/ ""
"
" "! " 6 7
"
1 G 1 / %!
!$Y
6 7 $
G ! 6
$ ,C6 @X
@
" " % %
"
6 7
"
$
!
G " "" "
G ""6
" $ "" " ,C6 $
!/ "
!
" "
"
! " " I $ J6 7
""
X"@
!
"" " !
L"
$ %$
ON " %"
$
/ @ @ G !6
(
"/ I ' " J " ] %
" !
" G " " " ""
)**- ' -M
/ "
$ G "
X"@
"
/ ^ " U / !
% /" " ,C6 0$ I !
T
J G "
" G "
"
6
:" G " " $6 "
G
"
"
6 " % !$ "
G $
G $
%!6 H G " % !! ! U
"
G
"
"
C
6 % " "@"@ G " @ G $ b G C"@6 7 "
$ $ " "
6
" @ @ "
"
% G %
!
% G 1
6 "
!1"%
/
" 6
4 3 3 7 8
( % ! % ! %
$ !
" " ""6 " C $
$ .= "@$ $
"
I !
J6 7 ! C ! " $
" $
6 0
/ " G / "
% " % @ "b 6 !
" / $
" ! I ! J G " $
"
" @ " "
-= 6
%
I !
J "
% !1 "b
$
C
6 0
C " $
6 1 / / $ C6
"" " I !
J "
$
"@ G .=6 "
! "
1 " % "
G " "
"
G
W*
)**- ' #
! " ! !/ "
6 7 !
"
% !1 C
$
"
" " G " "
"
!%" ! 6
3 - 7 " % % G C % G 1
""
Z ! % " 7
" "
"
6 ! % " !/ ,@b
1
%"6 % ! %%" " $
" " @ G ""
6 7
" ," "
G "
C $ ""
6
"" " " " $"
!
" " !
!6 " ! 6 "@ " /
/
6 " " ! C "
)*4
#,
6
$ " " ! " "@$ 1$ "
"" $
%"
/
6 7
$
%%" G " " ! % !1 "
6
7 $
"
!
$ " "
] 6 "
" " ! "
] G $$ "
G $ G
/ "
6
" $ "" ! ," " " G % / ""
G " 1"
$
6
C " "
! C ""@ " 1"6 /
"
$6 0 G )*4
2 % 6 M+,MW
)**- ' W4
" " " "
" $6
0 " " $ ! %% %%6 % 1 b % ," " " G G 1 " 6
! $ "
"6
" C % $
6 7 C !
" "@$ 1$ "
6 "% G " )*)
% % "
1"
6
G C $
" % 1 " C " G %
G T %%"" "" ! 6
)*)
7 " " 7 0
& C 0
#& R
) "! )**+N6
W)
)**- ' 1
!$
1
!$
"= ! !Henri ASCENSIO, Emmanuel DECAUX, Alain PELLET (dir.), Droit International Pénal,
Edition Pédone, Paris, 2000, 1068p
Mario BETTATI, Droit humanitaire, Editions du Seuil, Point Essai, 2000, 282p.
Françoise BOUCHET-SAULNIER, Dictionnaire pratique du droit humanitaire, La
Découverte, 2006, 587p.
Frédéric CHARILLON, Les relations internationales, La documentation Française, 2006,
206p.
Robert JOURDAN, Le droit pénal appliqué aux forces armées, édition La Baule, 1995,
400p.
Jean PICTET (éd.), Commentaires des Conventions de Genève, 1956 (disponible sur le
site du CICR: www.icrc.org/fre )
Marco SASSOLI, Antoine BOUVIER, Un droit dans la guerre ?, CICR, 2003, 2
volumes 2480p.
Francis Amadoué A. SATCHIVI, les sujets de droit, Contribution à l’étude de la
)**- ' W5
reconnaissance de l’individu comme sujet direct de droit international, édition
L’Harmattan, collection Logiques Juridiques, 1999, 592p.
Béatrice THOMAS-TUAL, Le droit de la fonction militaire, Ellipses, coll. « Mise au
point », 2004, 126p.
""= ! Deborah D. AVANT, The market for force: the consequences of privatizing security,
Cambridge University Press, 2005, 322p.
Didier BIGO (dir.), Les entreprises para-privées de coercition : de nouveaux
mercenaires ?, Cultures&Conflits, L’Harmattan, juin 2004, 184p.
Philippe CHAPLEAU, Sociétés Militaires Privées, enquête sur les soldats sans armées,
éditions du Rocher, coll. L’Art de la Guerre, 2005, 310p.
Vincent GUIMARD, Les Compagnies militaires privées, Les Fiches du C2SD,
n°2005-03, 2005, 4p.
Robert K. GOLDMAN, Brian D. TITTEMORE, Unprivileged Combatants and the
Hostilities in Afghanistan: Their Status and Right Under International Humanitarian
and Human Rights Law, The American Society of International Law, Task Force on
Terrorism, décembre 2002, 57p.
Carolin HOLMQVIST, Private Security Companies: the case for regulation, SIPRI Policy
Paper, n°9, janvier 2005, 59p.
Olivier HUBAC (dir.), Mercenaires et polices privées, La privatisation de la violence
armée, Le tour du sujet UNIVERSALIS, 2005, 192p.
Aymeric PHILIPON, Les activités mercenaires et le droit, Recherches et Documents,
n°24, Fondation pour la recherche stratégique, janvier 2001, 54p.
Xavier RENOU (dir.), la privatisation de la violence : mercenaires et sociétés militaires
privées au service du marché, Agone, coll. Dossiers Noirs, janvier 2006, 488p.
Jean-Jacques ROCHE (dir.), Insécurités publiques, sécurité privée ?, Economica, 2005,
418p.
Fred SCHREIER, Marina CAPARINI, Privatising Security: Law, Practice and
Governance of Private Military and Security Companies, Geneva Centre for the
Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), Occasional Paper, n°6, mars 2005,
184p.
Peter Warren SINGER, Corporate Warriors, The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry,
Cornell University, 2003, 330p.
South African Institute of International Affairs, The Privatization of Security in Africa, ,
édité par Greg Mills and John Stremlau, Johannesburg, mars 1999, 130p.
Colonel Ronda G. UREY, Richard M. MEINHART, Civilian contractors on the Battlefield,
US Army War College, 2005, 31p.
W
)**- ' 1
!$
"""= &
Thierry GARCIA, « La loi du 14 février 2003 relative à la répression de l’activité de
mercenaire », Revue Générale de Droit International Public, tome 107, n°3, 2003,
pp.677-692
Knut DÖRMANN, « The legal situation of “unlawful/unprivileged combatants”», Revue
Internationale de la Croix Rouge, vol 85, n°849, mars 2003, pp. 45-74
Caroline F. HILLEMANNS, « UN Norms on the Responsibilities of Transnational
Corporations and Other Business Enterprises with regard to Human Rights »,
German Law Journal, vol. 04, n°10, 2003, pp. 1065-1080
David KASSEBAUM, « A Question of Facts – The Legal Use of Private Security Firms
in Bosnia », Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, n°38 (3), 1998, pp. 581-602
Kateryn RAKOWSKY, « Military Contractors and Civil Liability : Use of Government
Contractor Defense to Escape Allegations of Misconduct in Iraq & Afghanistan »,
Stanford Journal of Civil Rights & Civil Liberties, tome II – 2, août 2006, pp. 111-145
Marco SASSOLI, « State responsibility for violations of international humanitarian law »,
Revue Internationale de la Croix Rouge, n°846, Juin 2002, pp. 401-434
Michael N. SCHMITT, « Humanitarian Law and Direct Participation in Hostilitiesby
Private Contractors or Civilian Employees », Chicago Journal of International Law,
2005, pp. 511-546
Lawrence J. SCHWARZ, « The case for Court-Martial over civilians under Article 2 of
the Uniform Code of Military Justice (a) (10) », The Army Lawyer, octobre-novembre
2002, pp. 31-37
Peter Warren SINGER, « War, Profits, and the vacuum of Law : Privatized Military
Firms and International Law », Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 42, 2003,
pp. 521-549
James Larry TAULBEE, « Myths, Mercenaries and contemporary International Law »,
California Western International Law Journal, vol. 15, 1985, pp. 339-363
Josiane TERCINET, « Les mercenaires et le droit international », Annuaire Français de
Droit International, 1977, pp. 269-293
Tullio TREVES, « La convention de 1989 sur les mercenaires », Annuaire Français de
Droit International, 1990, pp. 520-535
Juan Carlos ZARATE, « The Emergence of a New Dog of War: Private International
Security Companies, International Law, and the New World Disorder », Stanford
Journal of International Law, n°34 (1), 1998, pp. 75-162
"E= )**- ' WE
Thomas K. ADAMS, « The New Mercenaries and the Privatization of Conflict »,
Parameters, été 1999, pp. 103-116
Deborah AVANT, « Privatizing Military Training », Foreign Policy In Focus, vol. 7, n°6,
mai 2002, 4p.
Richard BANÉGAS, « Le nouveau business mercenaire », Critique internationale, n°1,
automne 1998, pp. 179-193
Patrick BOUCHERON, « Machiavel et la fin des mercenaires », L’Histoire, n° 267,
juillet-août 2002, pp. 28-31
Bernard de BRESSY, « La guerre “zéro mort” : un rêve américain ? », Défense
Nationale, vol. 55, avril 1999, pp. 22-29
Damian LILLY, « The Privatization of Peacekeeping: Prospects and Realities »,
Disarmament Forum, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, n°3, 2000
Denis de LA BURGADE, Olivier FÉVROT, « La répression de l’activité de mercenaire »,
Défense Nationale, vol. 58, n°6, juin 2002, pp. 171-174
Philippe CHAPLEAU, « Privatiser la paix ? », Politique internationale, n°103, printemps
2004, pp. 12-37
Caroline HOLMQVIST, « The expanding military services industry » SIPRI Yearbook,
n°9, 2005, pp. 389-393
Herbert HOWE, « Global Order and Security Privatization », Strategic Forum, n°140,
mai 1998, (consultable sur le site www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF140/forum140.html )
Sami MAKKI, « Le rôle des sociétés militaires privées en Irak », Recherches
internationales, n°73 (3) mars 2004, pp. 61-85
Jean MARGUIN, « La privatisation des forces armées : une évolution inéluctable ? »,
l’Armement, n°69, mars 2000, pp. 144-150
Grégoire de SAINT-QUENTIN, « Mercenariat et mutations stratégiques », Défense
Nationale, avril 1998, n°4, pp. 34-44
François-Xavier SIDOS, « Mercenaire, espèce en voie de disparition ? », Défense
Nationale, vol. 59, n°4, avril 2003, pp.129-138
James Larry TAULBEE, « Mercenaries, Private Armies and Security Companies in
Contemporary Policy », International Politics, n°37, décembre 2000, pp.433-456
Jeff VAIL, « The Private Law of War », in A Theory of Power, mai 2006, 23p.
( consultable sur le site http://www.jeffvail.net/2006/05/private-law-of-war.html )
E= ,
Stéphane BUSSARD, « La privatisation de l'industrie militaire représente un
phénomène mondial. Entretien avec Peter W. Singer », Le Temps , 30 avril 2004
W+
)**- ' 1
!$
Hernando CALVO OSPINA, « Les acteurs cachés du conflit colombien », Le Monde
Diplomatique, novembre 2004, pp. 26-27
Daniel BERGNER, « The Other Army », The New York Times, 14 août 2005
Pierre CONESA, « Modernes mercenaires de la sécurité », Le Monde Diplomatique,
n° 589, avril 2003, pp. 22-23.
François DOMINGUEZ, Barbara VIGNAUX, « Des entreprises de sécurité aux contours
flous », Le Monde Diplomatique, n°593, août 2003.
Steve FAINARU, « Iraq Contractors Face Growing Parallel War », The Washington
Post, 16 juin 2007, p.A01
Matt KELLEY, « Contractors, military in ‘bidding war’ », USA Today, 31 juillet 2005
Philippe LEYMARIE, « En Afrique, une nouvelle génération de « chiens de guerre » »,
Le Monde Diplomatique, novembre 2004, pp.28-29
Sami MAKKI, « Sociétés militaires privées dans le chaos irakien », Le Monde
Diplomatique, novembre 2004, pp. 22-23
Jeremy SCAHILL, « Blood is Thicker than Blackwater », The Nation, 20 avril 2006
Peter Warren SINGER, « Un métier vieux comme le monde », Le Monde Diplomatique,
novembre 2004, p. 24
Barbara VIGNAUX, « Le mercenariat est hors la loi, vive le mercenariat ! », Le Monde
Diplomatique, novembre 2004, p. 29
E"= + Rapports du Rapporteur spécial des Nations unies sur la question de l'utilisation de
mercenaires comme moyen de violer les droits de l'homme et d'empêcher l'exercice
du droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes, entre 1998 et 2005
(consultables sur le site : http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_f.aspx?m=105 )
Chaloka BEYANI, Damian LILLY, regulating private military companies - options for the
UK Government, International Alert, aout 2001, 42p.
Gordon L. CAMPBELL, Contractors on the Battlefield: The Ethics of Paying Civilians to
Enter Harm's Way and Requiring Soldiers to Depend upon Them, Joint Services
Conference on Professional Ethics 2000, Springfield VA, 27-28 janvier 2000, 13p.
CENTRE UNIVERSITAIRE DE DROIT INTERNTAIONAL HUMANITAIRE, Expert
meeting on Private Military Contractors : Status and State Responsibility for their
actions, août 2005, 67p.
COMITE INTERNATIONAL DE LA CROIX-ROUGE, Le DIH et les défis posés par les
conflits armés contemporains, La participation directe aux hostilités en droit
international humanitaire, Rapport de la réunion d’expert d’octobre 2003, 16p.
Thierry GONGORA, Manon TESSIER, Les Sociétés Internationales de Sécurité:
menaces ou signes du temps?, Bulletin Le maintien de la paix, Université Laval, n°45,
)**- ' W-
mars 2000, 4p.
HAUT COMMISSARIAT DES NATIONS UNIES AUX DROITS DE L’HOMME, The
Impact of Mercenary Activities on the Right of the People to Self-Determination,
Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 28, février 2002, 41p.
Michelle L. MACK, Compliance with International Humanitarian Law by Non-State
Actors in Non-International Armed Conflicts, Working Paper, Program on
Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University, Novembre 2003,
7p.
James J. McCUKKOUGH, Abram J. PAFFORD, Contractors on the Battlefield :
Emerging Issues for Contractor Support in Combat & Contingency Operations,
Briefing Papers, West Group, n°02-7, juin 2002, 20p.
WW
)**- ' **696:
**696:
- "( # 3 .;;. 0<<0
)**- ' WM
( IYYI9JUUJ
7 / 3
6Q6 $ " # $ %
& '
& 7 )**5 6 4*
- ""( 6=2 "> '!$ ,
! " "
/
" ,
" /
K (%$@
6
n "
!
C %%" $ = '
&6 7 "
$
"
"
" $"
$
"
K
(%$@
)**) 4 1 )**6 C "
! G 3
@ 3__???6 !"$6$_??_
"
6
/Z"`
n "
"
/ "
"
3 %
%
@ 7@ / 2 $
M*
)**- ' **696:
] "
" " "
%
" "
%
G "
$
= '
&6
)**- ' M4
"
S
!!+ 1
B T
DO
/
#
(
U
#
(
V$!
"
:$B ):$B 6 T
"
#
#
> "
"(
$ "(
2: 6
"(
W 6!!
6
#$ #
6-
$
! "(
"
"(
#
("
'
!
$
"
0$ $
$
$ E )W+ 45+ )E)
5 -E M+ )ME
5 455 *-W 4M5
# !
$
7
"
5 *E* -M M4*
$
$
0$
4 E4 M- +-4
4 E4 M- +-4
'
0$
4 -W W5W MEW
4 -E *** ***
'
4 -E *** ***
7
"
4 )** *** ***
$
+)W )4 )E)
7" $
$
*) *** ***
I! :
# DX
$
#
"(/
: '
"
#
(
""
$
&#
D#
: #
(/
% "
$
U" %
#
6& $
! "( 0$
##" "
"( #
$
$
%
6$ $+ "(
'
!
E #
: D*
$
/
M)
"
L oN
44 54 *** ***
) E)E *** ***
) 5)E *** ***
)4 -E- -
4EM 5* )4M
M5 +WM )4
M4 *M+ +
-4 M** ***
++ ))4 45
+E M 4EE
W *- )
)**- ' **696:
6! #$ :>> ! :
D2:/ "(
#
!
#
6#I
1>B :
#
! ((#(
V
U :
#
(
I
"(
$
$
:
S
O
!
I '
"(
0$ $
5 5+4 5*
$
)- )** ***
0$ %
)+ 454 M)5
$
"
: "
$
)4 +4* E*4
)4 554 +M5
4M -+) -M)
U " 4E EM4 -5)
" %
4) 4) E-5
$
% $
44 WW* ***
44 55 M4
- """( ?@ #
.0 A .;?; ' 4 ' -+ 4 *B > C .;@@D
"/
(" - "
.( " R "! $6
0( d"d R 3
A " " G R$ "! "% k
=A % " / @
k
A / @
R! $
G %%" "% G " G "!
$ %" $
%"
" k
)**- ' M5
A R
R "% "b "%k
A R
! %"
R "%k $A R R "% %%" ! %"
6
- "E( 6- 3 6 / " " ! " ! $ = ' 4MM-6 0! "% "
" "
G !$ "@ %% / %"6
:
, (
= 1" =? '
@ 3__"!
666_ "1_='_@
_6@
('#=> :.# >& #.2.= .: >(#D (>(=7 0(>0 >& 54
0(D .: 8(=(#D 4MM- <>Q= >& =0=0=> >(> .: (( =Q
'=( (=0 (=0= =>#=(>.=(
>& ($ @
% 8 4MM- !? @ %
=? ' L@ N % @ LN
?@
; %%" E5E ;$
# Q4* .) % @ @ 6
Q&#(
" "
$ $ " "
% $ " % "%" % !@% % "$
'
"" ?@ "
"%" ?@ @ ' 76
>@ $% % "%" ?@ @ $ "$
<$ # ( L<#(N "@ / / ( :"
@ " % $ $ " "%" @ $ 6 " "" "
3
> @ R
" :"
L:N "" K
"%" @ !1"k
$@ $" %%" k
"" %%
<$ "1" ?@ =' %" %"
@ <#( %%" @ $ k %?, ! %@ "% $ !? @
!1" " % $
6
M
)**- ' **696:
> >&#:.# ('#0 ( :..Q3
>@ @! $
"" @ "
% "
"
" "!
@%6
0 7
>@ % @
"" @ ! %%" % @ % " % @ % $ @ E6) !? % / % @
" @
L@ "" N "@ % @ !1" !$
@ $ % @ <#( %%" ?@"@ @ 6 >@ @
@ @ % ?$ @
$ @ ?@ % %@ ! 6
=" % ? % @
$ ! ?$ ! @ E !% @ / % @ " 6
=,"" ! @ @ ! $ ! " ? %
@ % @
$ % %@ @ @
@ @
" @ " @%6
" @ @ %?$ ? "
3
LN( 4+ 7 ( >$ > L7(>>N =' !
@ @ !
8"K
( @ 8$ >$ 7 Q?" ?@
?K % "" % @
$ ?@"@ ! @ ?@"@
@ $ @ """ ?@ $ @ E6) !? % " R
!K ""6 >@ % @ 7(>> LN
!
@ K
?@ =' %" %"
LN @ $
"
""
%
" LN " %"
% @ % @
"" "$ LN $" $@$ LN "" : $6
L!N :@ " :"
?@"@ ? =' ?@ 4* % @
% @ 7(>> $@ ?@ @" %/ ?$ "? $
$" $ "@ "
6 >@
%" ? !
! @ 7(>> % ! @%
!$$ @ K :" @" -*6 >@
K :" @ ! ! %
"@$ @ !1" "% $ @ 464 % @
$ @
% " ? " % @ "" % @ $ @6
=3 ? " @ $ % @ ? @ !"@ @ ?
% $$ $ "%"6 ." @
@
! ""
% "" ? ! ! ?@ @ $$ $ K
@" $ % @ =' %" %"
6
L"N Q "$ @" "%
L
"! % E* @
%$ "@ @N "" ?%
""
"% @ )**- ' ME
"@ 46 % "" @ !? @ " @ ! " @
?@? %
@ $ "K % @ ! @ !" @ % @ 6 " ? " "@ !1" $ $ @6
=3 @ % @ "" @ ! 8"K
( "@ @ %" ! "
6 >@ ? !
% ?K$ """ ?@ %"
R "%"
6 (% $ $ R
@
! " @ "
% @ 6
LN K "$ 1$ %$
!
?!!$ % 6
LN ( >
$
% @ @ _ % " % ! % @ % "@ ?@ @ " % @
! "@ ! ? % ""
" 6
L%N >@ % " % "
6
"
@
L$N ( 1" 7, ?@ $@ ?@ @ K :" 7 @
$" %% @ ?@ $ !%$
" @ 0%" =7 =7 @ "
% @ =' %" %"
@
$ %%"
% ,, !
6
@ @ % @
"" " 7
!
@ @ " 0 "
$ K
@ $ 6
#
!
% ? @ : "" K
"%" @ !1" "@ %
"" !
@ "@
$ $@ $" %%"
" " "" "@ $ ?@"@ "@ @ !1"6
<@ @ "$
$ @ @ %" " ! $" @
? ! "
! @ ? ?@ @ % @
$6 >@ "@ % @ !1" " ! ! %" % @ K % @
$
% " ! @ % " ! "@ ?@ @ $
" ?@ @ % "" "
6
@ @ "
"% $@ )64 ! @ % %"" $ / " % @$@ "! %
%"6
@ %@
M+
1" ", " @ %%"
)**- ' **696:
!? @ " R
$ @ % @ 6
>@
? " $ $
"@ @ ! "6
@ ! ! % / $ % @ 1 % % % @ % @ $ "
! @
$$" % @ $
?@"@ "
"@ "
? ! %
" $
@ ! % @ !% % @ 6
? @ @ "
% @
$ @ "
"% ? ! "
@ 6 ? "K?$ @
/
" % @
"" @ $ %"
""" ?@
$@ 644 !? ? K " % ""
% " @
$ ! @ 6 :@ ? @ !
"" ?@ $$ "
% "
$ $
" $ ? @ "
%$
6
#
!
% @ $$ @
$ @ " $
@
""
"
"" "" !$
?@ @"
"$ $ "
=' %" %"
", % ?@
"
@ 6 ( %%"
%
$ @
"" @ ! " 7
!
! @
K
"
?@ @
@ @ ?@ @ " "
@ ! $ 1 K
! "
% @ /"
% @ !
6
>@ ? @ % ", % ?@ $
@ % @ =' %" %"
6 >@ 7
% @ =' %" %"
@ % 1 $ % @ % @
$6
>@ % ! 1
! @ 7 =' %" %"
R
" K$
"" % @ % @ K @%6
>@ "$
@ R
"
? @ "@ ?
%%" %%" K @ $ "$ ! @ ?
$$ %$@ @
%"
"K
@% " % K$ "
$ K @% " "
$ % @ $ % @ " " @ ? :"
% % % $$
@6 >@
$
% @ $ "
% @ " R
"
R "% @ "
!$@ $
@
" $ % @
$6
>@ @ @ "
! @ %
/ $ @
$ $ @ E64 !?6 "@ %
/ ! %@ "% $ @ E6) ?@ " % /
"@$
%
)**- ' M-
$! ! % / % ='6 ( ! 0
6
>@ @ "
% @ % "
!
% L % " " % @
@
N % " $ /
?@@$ /
%
"@$
$ "@$
"" / @?
@ ?
"@ ! "
@$@ 7
?@ 6 :@ ? ! %
@ ?@ @ "
?@ @
@ " % % @" @
! / % / % % @ % 6
>@ ? "
"
" 7%"
" %" @ $
" / % @ "% % "
% $6
6- >@ ? ! "" % $@
?@ %% K "@ $
@
@ " @$$ $ %"
% %
?K " $ $
% !" "@ @"
"
!
"% % @ % % %% %
%%
"! %
@ K$ ?
@ "
" "%
% ,, K "
?@ @"6
% " " ! ! @ """ ?@
$ @ 6- ! %@"$ @ ? @ @ $@ ! " % @ " @% " "
%%" ! ,! @
! @ 6
>@ $
K
@ $ @ % @
$ % % 4) @
%?$ @ % / ? " " %%
% @ @ @?
@
% "
6 ( "@ ? ! "
" " % @ "" % @ "" @ ! ! ""$ , !
6
>@ @ =' %" %"
? @ % $ " "
" @
?@ @ ! !% 6 ( ? ! K $ !@ % % " !"@ $ % % ?@"@ @ %%"
_
K @ % @ 6 R
"
@ @ $@ " ?@"@ @ " % % "6
% "
/ @ @ ! ! %
%$ $ @ 7 "$ @ =
% @ '
@ % @ % @
"" @ $ " K % % @ =?
MW
)**- ' **696:
'R
$ $ "6 >@
" $ % "@ % ""
? ! "
$ ?@
!% 6
:
R
"
% % @ % @ "
"%
$ @ )64 ! "@ 4 "@ % @ "" 05+****** L@ / 0
N6
%?
6 ( ! ! ? % "
@ %
@ @
% % "" !K %
"% !KR
"@
6
. "" $$ E* " % @ % $ 04W****** @ d d6
Q@ 5* % $ @ 7(>> @ !" % 04W******6
>@
"" ! " " @ " % ?@
"@ !K "" @%6 "$
!$ " ?@ @ " " %
"" " @
%6
( %
% "
@ ! " % @ ?@"@ @
6 @ $@ ?@? % @ @ % , %
%
% ? @ $ "" 6
>@ %" " % "@$
@ "% @ ? ! $ !? @ "
? ! !% "@ "@$ K %%"6 >@ %" % ! % @ % " %
" ?@ $ "" 6
(
"! ?
@ % %%" $ % @
$
@ @ @ %
" K %% "! K$ ""
% @ % @
$6
>@ $$ @ % @ @ ! $ " % ?$
?@ "! ! ?@ 5* @% % @ ! "% ?@ @ =7>#( $ @6
>@
$ @ ! "
$ """ ?@ @ ?
%
$ @ $$ % "" !? @ @ ! $
@6
(
>@
$ ! % ! @ @
@ "@ %" ?$ $ ! !@
6
"@ 4 Ld.
d 7
$
N %
% @
$6
= Q>= Q&#.: @ @ @ @ @
@ %
? !6
)**- ' MM
: @ % =? '3
=3 7@
& =3 2 (_0 "
Q
3 L" @!N ."" 3
: 3
=3 > " .<6 =3 86=6 2 0 <$@
."" 3 7
4**
)**- ' Q
3 L" @!N