A Companion to Celebrity
Transcription
A Companion to Celebrity
A Companion to Celebrity A Companion to Celebrity Edited by P. David Marshall and Sean Redmond This edition first published 2016 © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc, except Chapter 10 © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of P. David Marshall and Sean Redmond to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to celebrity / edited by P. David Marshall and Sean Redmond. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-47501-0 (cloth) 1. Fame–Social aspects. 2. Celebrities. 3. Celebrities in mass media. 4. Mass media–Social aspects. 5. Mass media and publicity. 6. Mass media and culture. I. Marshall, P. David. II. Redmond, Sean, 1967BJ1470.5.C66 2015 305.5′ 2–dc23 2015017679 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Ellen DeGeneres poses for a selfie taken by Bradley Cooper with (clockwise from L-R) Jared Leto, Jennifer Lawrence, Channing Tatum, Meryl Streep, Julia Roberts, Kevin Spacey, Brad Pitt, Lupita Nyong’o, Angelina Jolie, Peter Nyong’o Jr. and Bradley Cooper during the 86th Annual Academy Awards at the Dolby Theatre on March 2, 2014 in Hollywood, California. (Photo: Ellen DeGeneres/Twitter via Getty Images) Set in 10.5/13pt MinionPro by Aptara Inc., New Delhi, India 1 2016 David Marshall: To my loving wife Sally Sean Redmond: Chow Mo-wan: In the old days, if someone had a secret they didn’t want to share…you know what they did? Ah Ping: I have no idea. Chow Mo-wan: They went up a mountain, found a tree, carved a hole in it, and whispered the secret into the hole. Then they covered it with mud and left the secret there forever. From In the Mood for Love (dir. Wong Kar-wai, 2000) To my beautiful starry eyed children, Josh, Caitlin, Erin, Dylan and Cael Contents List of Figures and Tables Notes on Contributors Acknowledgments 1 Introduction P. David Marshall and Sean Redmond Part One The Genealogy of Celebrity Introduction P. David Marshall 2 The Moral Concept of Celebrity: A Very Short History Told as a Sequence of Brief Lives Fred Inglis 3 Brand Names: A Brief History of Literary Celebrity Loren Glass 4 The Changing Face of Celebrity and the Emergence of Motion Picture Stardom Gaylyn Studlar x xiii xix 1 15 21 39 58 Part Two The Publics of Celebrity Introduction Sean Redmond 79 5 Celebrity, Participation, and the Public Graeme Turner 83 6 Celebrity, Convergence, and the Fate of Media Institutions Nick Couldry 98 viii Contents 7 Barack Obama, Media Spectacle, and Celebrity Politics Douglas Kellner 8 Construction of the Public Memory of Celebrities: Celebrity Museums in Japan Saeko Ishita Part Three Celebrity Value Introduction P. David Marshall 9 Hope Springs Eternal? The Illusions and Disillusions of Political Celebrity Andrew Tolson 114 135 155 161 10 Winning Isn’t Everything. Selling Is: Sports, Advertising, and the Logic of the Market Ellis Cashmore 177 11 From Celebrity to Influencer: Tracing the Diffusion of Celebrity Value across the Data Stream Alison Hearn and Stephanie Schoenhoff 194 Part Four Global Celebrity Introduction Sean Redmond 213 12 Recognition, Gratification, and Vulnerability: The Public and Private Selves of Local Celebrities Kerry O. Ferris 219 13 “Tweeting the Good Causes”: Social Networking and Celebrity Activism Liza Tsaliki 235 14 Celebrity Diplomats: Differentiation, Recognition, and Contestation Andrew F. Cooper 258 15 Brand Bollywood Care: Celebrity, Charity, and Vernacular Cosmopolitanism Pramod K. Nayar 273 Part Five Celebrity Screens/Technologies of Celebrity Introduction P. David Marshall 289 16 Celevision: Mobilizations of the Television Screen Misha Kavka 295 17 Stardom, Celebrity, and the Moral Economy of Pretending Barry King 315 Contents 18 You May Know Me from YouTube: (Micro-)Celebrity in Social Media Alice E. Marwick ix 333 Part Six Emotional Celebrity Introduction Sean Redmond 351 19 Frontierism: “The Frontier Thesis,” Affect, and the Category of Achieved Celebrity Chris Rojek 355 20 The Democratization of Celebrity: Mediatization, Promotion, and the Body Olivier Driessens 371 21 Sensing Celebrities Sean Redmond Part Seven Celebrity Embodiment Introduction Tamara Heaney and Sean Redmond 385 401 22 The Ambivalent Irishness of Denis Leary and Kathy Griffin Diane Negra 407 23 Neymar: Sport Celebrity and Performative Cultural Politics David L. Andrews, Victor B. Lopes, and Steven J. Jackson 421 24 Digital Shimmer: Popular Music and the Intimate Nexus between Fan and Star Toija Cinque 440 Part Eight Celebrity Identification Introduction P. David Marshall 457 25 From Para-social to Multisocial Interaction: Theorizing Material/Digital Fandom and Celebrity Matt Hills 463 26 The Everyday Use of Celebrities Joke Hermes and Jaap Kooijman 483 27 Exposure: The Public Self Explored P. David Marshall 497 Index 519 Figures and Tables Figures 4.1 Caricature of George Bryan “Beau” Brummell by Richard Dighton, 1805 4.2 Poster for Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World 4.3 Sarah Bernhardt in costume for Théodora 4.4 Florence Lawrence, a motion picture player promoted through humbug 8.1 Subcategories of museums in Japan 8.2 Change in number of museums, 1987–2008 8.3 Types of museums 8.4 Number of museums by region 8.5 Celebrity museums in each field 8.6 Ando Tadao in Germany, 2004 9.1 Clegg Obama 13.1 John Legend tweets on poverty 13.2 Justin Bieber tweets on education 13.3 Barack Obama tweets on immigration reform 13.4 Barack Obama tweets on abortion rights 16.1 Kim Kardashian at the hands of the celebrity-making machine 16.2 Julianne Moore as Sarah Palin watches Tina Fey as Sarah Palin 16.3 Michelle Obama on camera being caught on camera 17.1 Mixed reality continuum 22.1 Kathy Griffin’s body is designated a crime scene 24.1 Lead singer of Little Dragon, Yukimi, seen sitting in her home/studio 24.2 Fans are invited to send Little Dragon their landline or cellphone number 27.1 Hair dye models’ idealized selfie-like poses on supermarket shelves 27.2 The celebrity magazine rack: out of control 27.3 The chaos aesthetic of the celebrity magazine cover 61 64 65 70 137 137 141 141 142 147 174 247 249 249 250 303 307 311 327 414 450 451 508 511 512 List of Figures and Tables Tables 9.1 Use of address terms and cutaways across three debates in the 2010 UK general election campaign 12.1 Proportions of television anchors interviewed by type and gender 13.1 Mapping of overall Twitter performance, October 24–November 15, 2013 13.2 Interaction with followers as between celebrity politicians and politicized celebrities 13.3 Impact of celebrity activist twittering per cause 13.4 Most popular celebrity tweet 17.1 Modes of being 17.2 Grammar of identity xi 170 222 245 246 248 251 320 321 Notes on Contributors David L. Andrews is a Professor of Physical Cultural Studies in the Department of Kinesiology at the University of Maryland School of Public Health. He has published widely on themes related to the cultural politics of sport and physical culture. Ellis Cashmore is the author of Celebrity Culture, Tyson: Nurture of the Beast, Beckham, and Martin Scorsese’s America. He has held positions in sociology at the universities of Hong Kong; Tampa, Florida; Aston (UK); and Staffordshire (UK). Toija Cinque is a Senior Lecturer in media and communications at Deakin University in Melbourne, Australia. Her works include Changing Media Landscapes: Visual Networking (2015), the co-written Communication, Digital Media and Everyday Life (2nd edition, 2015), and Enchanting David Bowie (2015) with Sean Redmond and Chris Moore. She edits New Scholar: An International Journal of the Humanities, Creative Arts and Social Sciences. Andrew F. Cooper is Professor, Balsillie School of International Affairs and Department of Political Science, University of Waterloo, in Ontario. In 2009 he was a Fulbright Research Chair, Center on Public Diplomacy, University of Southern California. Among his books as co-editor is the Oxford Handbook of Modern Diplomacy (2013), and as author, Celebrity Diplomacy (2008) and Diplomatic Afterlives (2014). Nick Couldry is a sociologist of media and culture. He is Professor of Media, Communications and Social Theory at the London School of Economics and the author or editor of 11 books, including Ethics of Media (2013), Media, Society, World (2012) and Why Voice Matters (2010). Olivier Driessens is a Fellow in the Media and Communications Department of the London School of Economics and Political Science. His research interests include promotional culture, celebrity culture, and mediatization studies. His work has been published in journals such as Theory and Society, Media, Culture and Society, and Celebrity Studies.