Englisch Grammatik

Englisch Grammatik
1.1. In case = Im Falle
I always take an umbrella if / when (only if) it rains.
I always take an umbrella in case (because it might rain) it rains.
I've kept the receipt for the shirt because it may not fit you Æ I've kept the receipt, in
case it doesn't fit you.
In case + present simple
In case + past simple
1.2. Present simple / Present Continous
Present Simple
Habit
permanent
After when, if, as soon as
Some verbs have no ing-form
Usually
Present Continous
Now
At the moment
Planned and arranged
future
She will go shopping as soon as it stops
raining
Are really true
1.3. Will-future
- We decide to do something at the moment of speaking
Æ Oh, the door is open, I'll go and shut it.
-For vague predictions about the future after (I think, I wonder, I'm sure, I expect)
2.1. To get used
To get used to = sich gewöhnen an
You get used to + verb + ing
You get used to + the (noun)
To be used to = gewohnt sein
You are used to + verb + ing
You are used to + the (noun)
She eats breakfast every day – She is used to eating chocolate breakfast every day.
2.2. Present Perfect
Present Perfect
I have seen
Have you seen
I haven't seen
Still going on, period not finished
In recent week
Since yesterday
Recently
Since I was born
Just
Yet
This year
For the last three weeks
never
How long
Past Simple
I saw
Did you see
I didn't see
Finished action
Two weeks ago
When I was a child
At Easter
A month ago
In June
Last week
Yesterday
When
The last time I cut the grass was a fortnight ago
Æ past simple / past simple
It's (been) a fortnight since I cut the grass.
Æ … / past simple
I haven't cut the grass for a fortnight.
Æ present perfect
2.3. Comparatives
a) ein silbige und zwei silbige Adjektive, die mit y enden, werden mit er gesteigert:
young – younger
dirty – dirtier
b) zwei silbige Adjektive, drei und mehr silbige Adjektive und Adverbs, die mit ly enden,
werden mit more gesteigert:
nervous – more nervous
quickly – more quickly
Postitive Steigerung mit than
Gleiche Steigerung mit
as..as
the same + noun + as
Negative Steigerung
Not as…as
Less + adjektive + than
Rachel is more intelligent than Mark
Vicky is as old as Geoff
Vicky is the same age as Geoff
I'm not as old as Geoff
I'm less old than he is
3.1. Causative have
To have something done = etwas machen lassen
Going to
Present simple
Present continous
Present perfect
Past simple
3.2. Genitive's
Æ to indicate possession of things by people
Singular : +'s
Nick's brother
Sally and Peter's dog
Plural nouns ending in s: '
The girls' dog
Plural nouns not end in s are an exception:
The children's books
3.3. Needs doing
a certain job should be done,
Need + ing
Need to be done
The piano needs tuning
The piano need to be tuned
I'm going to have my car washed
I have my car washed
I'm having my car washed
I've had my car washed
I had my car washed
4.1. Past simple / past continous
Past simple
Past continuous
Past simple
Past cont.
I read
I was reading
linear – actions one after another
Action specific time in past
A)
One action is interrupted by another:
I was watching TV when the bell rang.
B)
one short action takes place during a longer action:
When/While I was reading, the phone rang.
4.2. Deductions
A)
When talking about possibilities in the past we us
May/might/could + have + past participle
She may have lost your phone number
B)
Only may and might are used in the negative when talking about possibilities
They may not have heard you correctly.
C)
When making logical deductions about the past we use
Must/can't + have + past participle
Robert must have lied to me