docZuschauergewalt im östlichen Europa - Institut für Ost
download 
Plainte Transcription
Zuschauergewalt im östlichen Europa - Institut für Ost
!"
#$%& %
'()(*
*$"
!+,
-./0-.10)2
%%**"
)
3
44 '$$
& 4 5 4$$&
+-./0-.10
62"
7
'88 )#3 9
:;!((<)!-/0==>/)"
?, @(, A
B * B 2 B ' C ?DA ! ( :((< :E1FF0>/:?@( A
C%
49
#3%%
-$"
-
$+C8G$2H22I
)#HB*+*#$?&#$A !-. CF0-/
F
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
<* LMNOMOB"
BP F;#8(
3 5 8 "
/2#
'*
2:"
#$ #*"
LMO;2PL"
*Q:#G(P >
$;L
PLMNO?"
A P1 ; ! C
:!"
:#
* *LQMO"
MO$PLP R
;#$C:F0 )"
2 ;GBG"
5:#"
G(3D"
2=)$)"
%
%C%*2 E;%&
<*"
'&
2' 5
#$
8L5"
P .
8 8"
D5"
' 2!*B"
F
/
>
1
R
=
E
.
<B$;5$GH<:BC$ 1.E
**2C
%G
$9;'* FE0
D2BC3;4 >F
$9;'* FE0
$C78$GS:$$:C%S$7G<8S
$GD2%;85
3 :J'%$CT$LPL%PS
B*D2$G 8 FF=TF/ES C;BG% !: C% -UD9D3;6!:2 /.>
*#$
/
!
:!
#"
*!3#"
$F0 )+ ,
Q)%#%%"
3#,)"
) 85B!"
*!&
!98$+
- ;2'*#
$I
F 2 * I
/ ;'B#"
#$I
8&4
$%&
'
*
!
"
8*F0 ),
! ** $5
%&%
G G$
3$8,Q5"
) 8"
BC,
:C
83 -0!
)*2"
%, --8,!
8'"
; $B"
,(
!C
$8 #$"
"$% LC
-0 $8$9BC!S$8$9BC244LCPS$8$9BCB
-- !:$ 8D<C84S
%<*WB;C 'D X S G;DG8C5B8S 6:$G5D3 !Q
>
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
BPB:
5T8!
8 ,8"
$ &#'"
,L:P$-./0
)3G
-F
C%!"
'()(* 8
,C
'3 -/33"
8!C$
*#B ;2
B%!Q
*
->!9D
B#
B -1:"
< ;,#5!
, ;<2B(!-.1>
%&3-.1R!Q -R!
538'XG
**$: -=$"
,'C"
$ -E$"
C"
Y;,'"
9 9!'"
G#2"
#D$,!( C3$Q
-.=0E0)
-F B<G$G2' -/0-.>T-.=
-/ 88F0 D-.EF
B99Z $8$9BCB F.>S5D98:
9(
-> 8<CC;C* -F1
-1 G;DG8C4
-R GK$B$;$G*' FR1TFRES89D8!Q
-.1> >0T1/
-= 8<%$H9$;U%G4
-E 2*6%B8%-.R0
B9(9Z *$99$G LDD;P R1
*#$
1
,-. 'F0 5F- )FF 88GF/LMO$!QPG
!Q, F>!,)$"
L!PB-.=0)L[D"
P F1 $8,!Q"
3#:"
';
B8%!
, FR
8*!%&
%'*<"
%% 2
LPG#"
B%%%
2%%
2 F=,"
92"
Q* FE
()
"!*,,!#
2F0 )
I2$
<*
I*"
, * : 52
% % Q ) K3#
-.
F0
FFF
F/
F>
F1
FR
F=
FE
<:C$99!5
'GD%D'!!Q''
8<%$H9$;U%G4
UD9D3;6!:2SB;993ZB!68
L<4PSB;99L;$<24P
:<298H2;99BCC<%:S2;99BCC
8<%$H9$;U%G4
<:C$99B //
8), %&,!Q *$99$G 8,
!
3 9;$G%%S%5*$G%% C*$CBK99$G%%S!$;C853#GI
'G%GG5
R
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
("
-
."'/". !
'"
0.""
),!Q-./R
##* 8
5-./0) $
D: !B3"
$'%%"
-.>FC,"
2<B"
'3
2 F.
8G58LBP"
' * K L%4,P-./1!#
L%P* "
!B /0'
!Q 9-./= $
LMNOG$
5G8"
%P /-;!"
#* /F
D$W\G
;B $B
GQ5G"
2-./0 )GL,,P?LBPA4 !Q-.F0)B 8,D"
D,*"
GL BP,"
;
D 8*"
$'G
%&5-./0) 8LPL"
PBB 5'
:9"
'L#9P //
-./0)
9' 8$!"
F.
/0
//F
//
$8$9BC! RFTREE>-/%4,/0 / -./1$8$9BC! 1>T11
G! =1=R -/ --F 1ES$8$9BC! =$8$9BC! =3 $GD2%;9
*#$
=
B:D#
3K
5-.1/G<
# ;BQ#*5"
D#Q
* 8LP"
G& C
<Q
2,B'B"
!
1B"
! /> -.10
-.R0) '#!2
1G3
3 -F D-.115"
B$
', KBB;"
:!"
+L33PL"
,P 3,-!14L!P 35 "14L P 3,7 8"!-4 8%#'
:! !#B2"
5!
D"
;,'
:B"
C35"
/1
8$ $)'!Q"
8B5L!"
P3L$
%$3%P 8<B5
! $LP'"
3!
"-75:!4 G! 8QL"
P !3<9 3' L;MNOCW
, P L * P /R 2 L$PL3,"1
P*"
8 28
/> *$99$G LDD;P R1TRR
/1 G! .>-1 / 1F.?-.11A E1]E..0T.F
/R G! =1=R -->/H- 1-T1/
E
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
$%,B;"
$:
;', $)
3 8C3,$
* 8'Y
!B;"
, 3,-!14 39,,
-./0)%;"
8#"
,;
G:"
$3"
) 8
B,#-.R0)
Q*
: 8'3
!Q$"
G "
$ " #-;
-.=0-.E0) #
('"
."<"
<
8%%$3"
2G
B Q G % % B#4 /="
%&;"
!,"
C -.11 %
B ,23#"
!,3 /E 2"
BQK"
,4 ;2$
$#D,"
BK4
,* 84*
! "
64
/= %5*$G%%
/E 3 8:9BCCL!Q!QPL!Q52G"
P
*#$
.
$4,-.E0D4"
29'!*
*BB
B:,$
89"
*
,'
,
7 /.
*9
2' D9"
L3#P>0!
3:,"
)!<
%"
3,G 8"
%B#4B"
BQ 9,
B,:"
,'# 8"
Q
F0 D-.1=G[!Q"
-.1E6^?%#AC
', 8,"
' ' 2 *,',
)!B
B >-)
G,'
& >F8$'"
G%2,
8')-.1R#"
>/,3"
2"
6^ 8*2
"
, >>%
'#
/. 3 )D%;;';9`G-.R.B-.E0 -0/T--0SB68DC98LBPB"
4BB
>0 3 $:G$C88!
>- 'GD*<B$CaU;%D3W\,W\, /-/S!$;C853#G"
I
>F !$;C853#GI -FR
>/ B6:6$2;6*B-.1R'SDGD8*;$)'F0 )
F.=T/0/
>> 'GD*<B$CaU;%D3W\,W\, /-F
-0
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
8 "
' , 6^$"
>1
$$B$
G ,( $4 < L' !"
P ;G$4-.R=2
, 5 * B ,
1000!B"
Q"
*,:4 C,"
' Q * 2 $"
45,,C"
LP9"
>R
8323
)2"
B,B 5 (Q%# K"
!Q)2 "
'3,'#
CFE B*Q 8G"
:2-.RE!
,2; "
2'G%'U"
8B#L!bPL;W
:bPQ',!"
28
$' B'
3
;9!$4"
D!,8"
>= ;cd9BF000B B"
, B
!5
5 ;Bf-000B,
% F00!
, 8B
BLDPL$PL!P ;:%fg"
>1 !$;C853#GI -FRT-/>
>R C*$CBK99$G%% -->
>= *! ' ;\ ; *%%'</- / -.R.
GC; E. R= -E -T/ 85Q
%\ 55- > -.R.
*#$
--
F0 000B ,%
55DD:dXh"
,B!,$"
+LDbPLG:bP'"
8$5<"
*(,"
G :#"
2
!! :B
*L'!P '-.1R
'B"
3 <!"
*$4
5FE B
:43Q"
,B5%"
!
B5,:4 <,"
!B
8%'
: C
G8B
B* ;5-.R0)
:,:"
#$$B
'GG 8,G"
!:D"
2('("
C' 8%
$$*$4
FE B-.R.%Y
2&8X !
2'
((="
'"
."
-. ) 8;2 *
#CG"
*#2
$&9 >E 8G
L(P3#"
>E 3 %K''$G3(3
-F
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
BB >.C$2:"
* C%"
C $F0 )"
G*"
;,"
:G;"
;"
,G 10
2)
3 C 8!Q3Z
BLG"
: )P
-..0)LCP 1-
)G$"
!8
*,*!Q -/ B-..0B*,!Q"
8*G 3
''% ; 8
!58*"
!,'
8"
8D9
8!Q 8
Q!'Q"
8!
9$ 82:"
**'
,!G 9"
!#'9"
8#
-/ B-..0,
9 1F
8':))"
*C"
3!3Q"
! 8
B) **!%
>. 3 9$559$G?8 5 ) A25-.->
10 B;;<CH5$'$G 5 F1/S%D*9D3C4"
4G, E0>
1- 3 B;993ZB!6 --0E
1F *$-/ B !G$;$GB<5:3%SD$:BL
:PI F01TF0R
*#$
-/
*#%*# 3"
!C5
L:P5(9<\(Q <CL5,P"
!G#<
B\j+L88bP8
'8B "
8'$
: 1/!-/ B$ CBFR -..0!
:,',"
! 8!
1>
3:
D
2 D#, "
2 ;"
!':$"
:"
G% 11
8,2"
%# 8)-..0
!$S;%
%) $8*:<"
%!8(! k,GZjLP!G
!QL!P
%% <%"
!%
'; ;)-..>"
2B(*8
;+L!%-/ 1 -..0 :9:%P 1R
> !
/ /#"-
' !&"
2 8'
,*
1/
1>
11
1R
3 UD9D3;l!:2
3 D$:BL:PI F0RSDC;!6$3!Q! .
3 UD9D3;l!Q:% F=FTF=/
3 !G$;$GB<5:3%
->
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
%& #"
,; *&"
+"
8Q,-./0)"
D ! 8"
(5%8"
B 59
B 1= 8"
( # 9 B5 "
B$4
K)"
$"
$'
!,)G-.=0
)C 1E
82B"
< 1. ;G!"
I2#GI;4
D:#"
Q<(#G523"
#3"
D Q3
2D
!4 $
2:G"
'D-.E0 -..0) 85
$B84"
8+2:
G!
GC;
4,,,?G!#A
G,,4,,\,?GC
A
1= 6:9J$955
1E G;DG8C4
1. 9$6%;CH2;6T$TCS'D'LD5P *$99$GLDD;"
PS*$99$G L5P
*#$
-1
C8G$283;8 H25$':$C ; 2I;+2H"
8?: A+$42 62 9F00= -T.
$GD2%;)JG85+8 BF00/
$GD2%;)JG9+%#+55)-./= +
D1.?F00.A- 1-TR0
9;$G<5 %%+8(-.10T-.=F+$
'M OF00=
<B$;5$GGD7! H<:BCG8) $+:42H:"
)?: A+;: 2F00F 1.ETR-E
$:G$C8)C 8!+','
88G %#M OF00R
$7G<8;$5G;6:8 D: #"
F000
9$6%;C8;$5:$9BH2;6BG$%?: A+T$TC+*
CB F00E
DC;!6$ '69 3!Q ! + 9 B Y -F R -..E C 111> +HH (Y HH-..EH0RH-FH0>-> & E;>' R?F= E F0-/A
DGD8*;$)2mD8*;B;$G*'F0 ) BF0-0
D2BC9$CC53;4+H#;?: A+4
36 C7F00- F1T>R
GK$B$;$G!GC*()D$! *'+8!Q(2
-.1> BF00>
<:C$99)D:C!5+)+B+9
-..0
6:$G5D39$nC8$G!Q 9-.>-T-.>>+88H
:H9?: A+K+*
!QD(T8*: $F00E >1TR>
UD9D3;l ;3C ! : 2 + ' C,\+ 5 2 +
56 -..R /=/T/.R
UD9D3;l;3C !Q:%+5?: AM O+2
% -..E
8:9BCC8;55BG L!Q!QPL!Q52G"
P+!Q(9,8
F- -.11B8 +88H:H
9?: A+K+*!QD(
T8*: $F00E FE=T/F1
89D7JG78!Q-.1> ;+84#4+<T3G"
! B -..8D<CC8784+8:% 9F008<%$3;6 H9$;U%'3$9 G4+!6G +
8$M O? A+!!+!:2' 8
F00F
8<CC;C $G;6 *+ C '"
+$CH8$?: A+*+!"
B-.E>
$8$9BCGD$G5!+:4<G C7-../
$8$9BCGD$G5B+5'W52W ;F00.
-R
)JGC*$CBK99$GHBC!G$8*$99$G
$8$9BCGD$G5244LCP+B2B
6'4-.00T-.>1+5:G-0=?F00FA1 ->>-]->==
$9;CDG$G5K'* ! B -.=R
!$;C85G$DG 3# GIT!Q ,
-.1='+88H:H9
?: A+KTC+*!Q
D( $F0-- -F/T-/E
!G$;$GB<5: C8;C$ 3 % + 8 2 ?*A F0 01 F0-0 +HH H-0F0H((4H((((?F= E F0-/A
C*$CBK99$G)JG%%+,(9
<L'!P +BgHGH2?: A+
D2+D-. F0 )"
DF00= --/T-/0
9$559$GBDC;%?8 5 ) A25-.->+*$"
D B2-.=0
:<298:G98 H2;99BCC!GC% <%:+!QD( F00E
:J'%$C2D9!CT$LPL%P
+:#2HGB?: A+' "
9 %#M OF00- 1/T.1
)D%;;';9`BG%%<G-.R.B-.E0+55B'46B
62;:4 +BgHGH2?: A+
D2+D-. F0 ) D"
F00= ./T--%5*$GC;%D9<%%+8(
*2+$%H3?: A+5$
8+G8-.>1 BF00R ==.TE0.
%D*9D33 C44G,"
B-...
%K''$GG$Co3(3+8'!Q"
5G'#B+8"
8H:H9?: A+K * !QD( $F00R ->-T-1>
%<*WB;C$DG;)'DX 8-..F
B6:6$2;6*'2$m B-.1R' +::: HD4 :
?: A+8)-.1RD -..R F-T/0
B<G$G$32'+,-.FET-.1/ *F0-0
B*D2$GBG%8 F00F
B68DC98BG7 LBPB4BB C-.E0<GT
<BWD4;:4B62' +2H
89 ?: A+$'42 62 9C7F00= FFFTF/>
B;99G;6:G8 3ZB!68L<4P7"
-.FFTF00.+$(RF?F0-0AC = --0=T--//
B;99G;6:G8L;$<24P+!87"
-.E.TF00R+;):4FR?F00.A. --E=T-F-=
B;99G;6:G86+W
7 +:4+5):.=?F0-FA ?"
%A B;;<CGDB<98) H5$'$GG$;C 5+78 -.>0T-..0 9
-.E/
C;BG%CDGBC!:+$F0 ) BF00>
*#$
-=
D$:BC8G$$L:PI+8G!Q,*"
+88H:H9?: A+K *
!QD( $F00R F01TF-E
'G%)$CC;!$GGG5+5D44 62-.1FT-.E0 6:F00.8
'D'D8C LD5PI+$',!;G +BgH
GH2?: A+D2+"
D-. F0 ) DF00= -.-TF0/
'GD%D'!C8G$ !Q''+8
8H:H9?: A+K+* "
!QD(T8*: $F00E --1T-FR
'GD*<B$CaU;%D3B;6:;9) W\,W\, BF00>
G;DG8C)B$ 5B8+%. -.>F +4>?F00/A-
E=T./
G;DG8C)B$4+8'4$G
< 6SC7TB-.==
6:9J$9%G955+B-./= BF00E
:$$:C)B$) %+$2! BF00E
C78$G5;BD5:7+$: BF0-5D9;2C 8:9( F00=
2;99BCC!GC%?: A++!:88G F00=
*$99$GBC!G$8;:T!QG+% G
%(4/?F00=A -FT-=
*$99$GBC!G$8L5P+!'B494 '+%CM O? A+$$&+B
64 ! B F0-0 F0-TFF>
*$99$G BC!G$8 LD D ;P -.RR+ 84 % ! 9 ;4
5;+%-F?F0--AC - 1/TEF
