Poster02 lang neu_06

Dr. Hartmann, PZ 4b Crop management and breeding: forage plants;
Bavarian State Research Center of Agronomy; Am Gereuth 4; D-85354 Freising / [email protected]
Gerstle University of Applied Sciences Weihenstephan; Fachbereich Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft;
Also presented at the 24th EUCARPIA Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses Section Meeting 2002; Braunschweig
Natural selection for persistence in rough regions of Bavaria in perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne L.) and its impact on other characteristics
Stephan Hartmann and Christian Gerstle, Bavarian Research Center for Agronomy, Freising
Abstract
In this study the impact of natural selection for persistence in rough regions of Bavaria in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) on morphological characteristics was evaluated by a
comparison of 15 varieties with different levels of persistence, each variety divided in unselected and selected subpopulations was carried out at two locations.
Introduction
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of most important forage grasses in the temperate zone [RIEDER 1983, HOFFMANN, 1985]. Never the less every severe winter in Bavaria
there are damages in intensive grassland depending on the loss of ryegrass [SCHELLER 1993].
Therefore well adapted varieties are of great importance for a sustainable and economically
efficient management in major parts of grassland of Bavaria [SCHELLER 1995, R IEDER 1999].
To increase the efficiency of breeding for this region means to improve breeding for the keyfeature “persistence”. So the methods of selection for this complex feature [BREESE and FOSTER 1971] have to be enhanced. The correlation of persistence with other characteristics,
which are easier to handle and can be detected in a shorter range of time, are of high interest
to get a step forward on this journey.
Material and Methods
In autumn 1998 72 individual plants per variety were taken from variety persistence trials
seven winters after seeding. Plants from seeds of these varieties were also grown for comparison. Both groups were cloned to plant identical arrangements in Pulling/FS and Kempten/Spitalhof (figure 1).
So for each variety two populations could be compared in the trials: one grown from seeds
further named „before selection“ (= BS) and one reselected from persistence trials further
named „after selection“ (= AS)
1999 plants at both sites were visually scored for several features.
This means that each point for a variety in the graphs below results from a data set of 288
records: 72 (individuals)
x 2 (selected/non selected)
x 2 (sites)
“Persistence” in the following context is scored as number of surviving individuals in a population. The results are represented in figure 2.
Hötzelsdorf / SR
650 m over above sea level
1000 mm precipitation per year
6,2 o C annual mean temperature
sL (sandy loam)
Riedern / MB
775 m above sea level
1600 mm precipitation per year
6,4 o C annual mean temperature
sL (sandy loam)
Kempten/Spitalhof / KE
730 m above sea level
1300 mm precipitation per year
6,7 o C annual mean
temperature
sL (sandy loam)
Buchen am Auerberg / OAL
920 m above sea level
1300 mm precipitation per year
6,5 o C annual mean temperature
sL (sandy loam)
Freising/Pulling / FS
450 m over above sea level
810 mm precipitation per year
7,5 o C annual mean temperature
sL (sandy loam)
sites of
reselection
population evaluation
LBP PZ 4b - 2002
Figure 1:
Environments of natural selection and following evaluation
Correlation between the shift of day of heading (A), rust resistance (B), leaf exposition (C), growth rate after the first cut
(D) and the number of surviving individuals from 15 varieties after 7 years of natural selection in rough regions of Bavaria
Bastion
YY==0,43
0,43++0,02*X
0,02*X
total
totalmean
mean==22,56
22,56
rr22==0,012
0,012(n.s.)
(n.s.)
nn==15
15
6,0
4,0
Bardonna
2,0
Arabella
Arion
Stratos
Marika
Mapol
Citadel
Feeder
Recolta
0,0
Score of leaf exposition
Diff. of means between AS and BS
Day of heading
Diff. of means between AS and BS
8,0
Wadi
Mandat
Fennema
Calibra
-2,0
-4,0
Matura
-6,0
-8,0
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
1,2
YY==0,07
0,07++0,01*X
0,01*X
total
totalmean
mean==4,74
4,74
rr22==0,25
0,25
0,8
Calibra
Bastion
nn==15
15
Mapol
0,4
Fennema
Feeder
0,0
Marika
Wadi
Arabella
Arion
Matura
Citadel
Stratos
Bardonna
-0,4
Recolta
-0,8
-20
Difference of surviving individuals between AS and BS
Mandat
(sig.
(sig.ataterror
errorlevel
level0,06)
0,06)
60
0
20
40
AS: population after selection / BS: population before selection
LBP PZ 4b - 2002
A: Correlation to the shift of day of heading
Score of growth rate after the first cut
Diff. of means between AS and BS
Calibra
Mandat
Arion
Citadel
Recolta
Stratos
Mapol
Matura
0,0
Arabella
Feeder
Marika
Bardonna Fennema
Bastion
-0,4
YY==0,02
0,02- -0,002*X
0,002*X
Total
Totalmean
mean==3,30
3,30
r2r2==0,008
0,008(n.s.)
(n.s.)
nn==15
15
-0,8
Wadi
-1,2
-1,6
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Difference of surviving individuals between AS and BS
AS: population after selection / BS: population before selection
LBP PZ 4b - 2002
B: Correlation to the shift of rust resistance
LBP PZ 4b - 2002
C: Correlation to the shift of leaf exposition
0,8
0,4
60
Difference of surviving individuals between AS and BS
AS: population after selection / BS: population before selection
Score of rust resistance
Diff. of means between AS and BS
Figure 2:
2,0
1,6
YY==0,57
0,57++0,02*X
0,02*X
total
totalmean
mean==4,31
4,31
rr22==0,38
0,38****
nn==15
15
Mapol
Calibra
Bastion
1,2
Matura
Mandat
Recolta
0,8
Arabella
Stratos
Citadel
0,4
Fennema
Bardonna
Wadi
Marika
Feeder
0,0
Arion
-0,4
-20
0
20
40
60
Difference of surviving individuals between AS and BS
AS: population after selection / BS: population before selection
LBP PZ 4b - 2002
D: Correlation to the shift of growth rate after the first cut
Results and Discussion
4.320 plants were scored for day of heading, plant height, growth habit, colour of leaves, flag
leaf length, flag leaf width, inflorescence length, growth rate after the first cut and rust resistance.
Plant height, colour of leaves, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, inflorescence length showed no
shift caused by co-selection with persistence. Likewise, rust resistance and a later date of
heading did not show any influence caused by natural selection. Other authors reported that
there are effects on persistence by rust resistance [BIRKENSTAEDT 1990, LELLBACH and RUGE
1996, PFEFFER and PFEFFER 1991] and later day of heading [H UMPHREYS and EAGLES 1988].
This difference can be explained by the environmental conditions [REHEUL and GHESQUIERE
19969 of the trails representing the situation in the rough regions of Bavaria:
in these rough regions of Bavaria only little infections are caused by rust. Therefore there
exists no selection pressure
the trials have 4 to 5 cuts per year, so that no variety can multiply itself by seed. Hence
there is no selection advantage in any direction on the scale of heading date
The growth rate after the first cut as well as leaf exposition were altered by natural selection
for persistence. This complies with the results of BUGGE (1991) and H UMPHREYS (1989).
In grass populations both features are advantageous for the individual plant in the struggle for
living space.
References
BIRKENSTAEDT, E., 1990: Entwicklung von Methoden für die Selektion auf Kronenrostresistenz bei Lolium spp. Aus phytopathologischer Sicht; Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich – Wilhelms – Universität zu Bonn
BREESE, E. L. and FOSTER, C. A., 1971: Breeding for increased winter hardiness in perennial
ryegrass; Annual Report of the Welsh plant breeding station, University College of
Wales, Aberystwyth, for 1970, 77-86
BUGGE, G., 1991: Ermittlung geeigneter Selektionskriterien zur Verbesserung der Persistenz
beim Deutschen Weidelgras; Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, Vol. 166, 300307
HOFFMANN, W. (Hrsg.), 1985: Lehrbuch der Züchtung landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen Vol. 2: Spezieller Teil; 2. Auflage, Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin und Hamburg, pp. 434
HUMPHREYS, M. O., 1989: Assessment of perennial ryegrass for breeding: II. Components of
winter hardiness; Euphytica, Vol. 41, 99-106
LELLBACH, H. and RUGE, B., 1996: Erarbeitung von Selektionsmethoden und –modellen für
Kronenrostresistenz bei Lolium-Arten; Jahresbericht der Bundesanstalt für Züchtungsforschung an Kulturpflanzen, 1995, 119-120
PFEFFER, B. and PFEFFER, H., 1991: Resistenzzüchtung bei Gräsern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Lolium-Arten; Vorträge für Pflanzenzüchtung 1991, Vol. 19, 86-97
REHEUL, D. and GHESQUIERE, A., 1996: Breeding perennial ryegrass with a better crown rust
resistance; Mededelingen, Faculteit Landbouwkundige, Universiteit Gent, 1996, Vol.
61 (2b), 521-531
RIEDER, J.-B., 1983: Dauergrünland, BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Frankfurt, pp. 192
RIEDER, J.B., 1999: Die Ausdauer von angesätem Intensivgrünland, Tagungsband. DLGGrünlandtagung 1999, 65-75, DLG Frankfurt
SCHELLER, H., 1993: Erarbeitung einer Selektionsmethode zur Verbesserung des Merkmals
„Frostresistenz“ bei wichtigen Gräserarten (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Dactylis glomerata) und Rotklee speziell unter den klimatischen Bedingungen Deutschlands, GFP-Abschlussbericht, Bonn
SCHELLER, H., 1995: Futterpflanzenzüchtung in Bayern, Tagungsband. Arbeitsgemeinschaft
Grünland und Futterbau 1995, 10-21