HHN

Transcription

HHN

German Aviation Research Seminar
„The Role of Competition in the Future Airport Industry“
What Defines Low-Cost Airports?
Insights from Comparing Passenger Characteristics at
the Airports Frankfurt-Hahn and Bremen
Prof. Dr. Richard Klophaus
Leipzig, November 14, 2003
© Zentrum für Recht und Wirtschaft des Luftverkehrs (ZFL)
Centre for Aviation Law and Business
Agenda
4
What defines low-cost airports?
4
Results of passenger inquiries at Hahn (HHN) and Bremen (BRE)
Purpose of travel
Passenger behavior
Service assessment
Passenger demographics
4
Directions for further research
Classifying commercial airports
Technical
Technical // operational
operational
e.g.
e.g. ICAO
ICAO classification
classification
Ownership
Ownership
public
public // private
private // mixed
mixed
No.
No. of
of movements
movements // passengers
passengers
Main
Main traffic
traffic function
function
large
large // small
small
hub
hub // feeder
feeder to
to hub
hub // point
point to
to point
point
What defines low-cost airports ?
A/P
A/P
regional
A/P
?
A/P
small
Lowcost
A/P
A/P
selected
by Ryanair
A/P
secondary
A/P
A/P
What defines low-cost airports ?
First answers
Low
Low airport
airport charges
charges
Hahn:
Hahn: 4.50
4.50 €€ per
per passenger
passenger
German
German average:
average: 15
15 €€ per
per passenger
passenger
Low
Low capacity
capacity costs
costs
Hahn:
Hahn: 44 €€ per
per capacity
capacity unit
unit (passengers
(passengers p.a.)
p.a.)
German
German average:
average: 40
40 €€ per
per capacity
capacity unit
unit
Point
Point to
to point
point traffic
traffic
e.g.
e.g. Hahn
Hahn
Customer
Customer characteristics
characteristics
Airline
Airline customers?
customers? (e.g.
(e.g. Ryanair)
Ryanair)
Who
Who are
are the
the passengers?
passengers?
Hahn
Hahn is
is aa „low-cost
„low-cost airport“!
airport“!
Airport types based on traffic pattern
traffic function
airport type
e.g.
hub function
hub airport
Frankfurt (FRA)
feeder to hub
feeder airport
Bremen (BRE)
point to point
low-cost airport (?)
Frankfurt-Hahn (HHN)
Comparing
Comparing
„hub
„hub airports“
airports“ with
with
„low-cost
„low-cost airports“
airports“
predominates!
predominates!
New
New focus
focus on
on
competition
competition between
between
„feeder
„feeder airports“
airports“ and
and
„low-cost
„low-cost airports“!
airports“!
Where is „Frankfurt“-Hahn?
120 km
Some facts about BRE and HHN ...
Airport
No. of passenger airlines
Dominant airline (% of weekly dep.)
No. of destinations
Main destinations (TOP 5, no. of dep.)
Airport type (main traffic function)
No. of scheduled flights (per week)
No. of passengers (2002)
Passenger growth (2002 - 2001)
Passenger forecast
No. of employees
Owner
Bremen (BRE)
Hahn (HHN)
20
4
LH (49 % )
MUC, FRA, STR, AMS, CDG
FR (92 % )
21 (1 domestic to Berlin-SXF with
Volareweb, 20 European)
Stansted, Gerona, Bergamo, Pisa,
Ciampino, Skavsta, Venedig
feeder to hub
point to point
260
197
1,693,015
1,450,079
-7%
231%
2010: 3 Mio.
2003: 2,3 Mio.
269
275
Fraport AG 73,07% ,
State of Rheinland-Pfalz 26,93 %
21 (5 domestic, 16 European)
Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
First
First quarter
quarter 2003:
2003:
HHN
HHN ranks
ranks No.
No. 10
10 among
among Germany‘s
Germany‘s
passenger
passenger airports,
airports, BRE
BRE is
is No.
No. 11
11
Data collection procedure
HHN
Data source
Data collection technique
Primary
Sample selection
Sample size
Secondary (Wrobel 2002)
Survey with standardized questionnaire for all respondants
Language of questionnaire
Data collection period
BRE
German and English
07 – 16 May 2003
Nov. 1999 – Apr. 2000
1.) Selection of representative week days and departure times
2.) Random selection of departing passengers
814
1,009
HHN has a smaller share of business
travellers
Private or business trip?
17%
43%
83%
57%
HHN
BRE
Private trip
Business trip
HHN has many first-time passengers due
to strong growth in passenger numbers
How often have you flown from Hahn-Airport
until now?
11%
39%
31%
46%
58%
15%
HHN
BRE
never
1 to 4 times
5 and more times
Only a minority of passengers evaluated
A/P alternatives before choosing HHN / BRE
Planning this trip, did you consider
other airports?
74%
78%
26%
22%
HHN
BRE
yes
no
,Cheapest flight‘ as the most important
reason for flying from HHN
What are your reasons for traveling from HahnAirport? (multiple reasons possible)
12%
19%
4%
12%
13%
13%
20%
5%
7%
90%
87%
20%
HHN
BRE
Nearest airport
Cheapest flight
Best schedule
Low parking fee
Pleasant atmosphere
Other reasons
Most passengers at HHN rely on private
transportation by car to get there
How did you get to the airport?
13%
19%
2%
18%
12%
15%
14%
28%
53%
26%
HHN
Own car
Taken to the airport
BRE
Local traffic
Taxi
Other
Passengers at HHN accept much longer
ground travel times
How long did it take you to get to the airport?
1%
2%
4%
12%
11%
13%
14%
31%
31%
51%
24%
6%
≤ 1/2 hour
HHN
≤ 1 hour
≤ 1 1/2 hours
≤ 2 hours
BRE
≤ 3 hours
> 3 hours
Evaluation of services offered at HHN: Similar
but somewhat weaker compared to BRE
Assessment of services
Appearance
Cleanness
Duration check-in
Easy orientation
Equipment children
Handicapped people
Friendliness staff
Parking space
Prices restaurants
Reaching the airport
Hahn
Security personnel
Service restaurants
Bremen
1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 3,0
Average value
Overwhelming willingness to recommend
HHN to others
Would you recommend Hahn-Airport as departure
airport to others?
4%
Yes
No
96%
HHN has a higher share of foreign
travellers
Residence of respondents
13%
33%
87%
67%
HHN
BRE
Germany
Foreign countries
Surprisingly high share of female
passengers at HHN
Gender of respondents
48%
65%
52%
35%
HHN
BRE
Female
Male
HHN‘s passengers are younger ...
Age structure of respondents
8%
14%
13%
22%
17%
23%
25%
25%
30%
15%
7%
1%
HHN
BRE
15-19 years
20-29 years
50-59 years
> 60 years
30-39 years
40-49 years
Summary of results
4
Low cost airports have small share of business travellers (< 20 %)
4
Passengers from low-cost airports are attracted by cheap flights, the
ones from feeder-to-hub airports by proximity
4
Many passengers of low-cost airports accept long ground travel times
4
Lack of amenities does not hinder passengers to recommend low-cost
airports to others
4
Point to point traffic to / from low-cost airports is reflected by relatively
high share of foreign travellers
4
Low-cost airports have a balance of male and female passengers
4
Passengers of low-cost airports are younger than passengers of
feeder airports
Demand
Demand for
for tailor-made
tailor-made
airport
airport products
products // service
service packages?
packages?
Directions for further research
The presented results aim to stimulate interest within the aviation
research community to conduct more conclusive studies
Suggested directions:
Conjoint Analysis to determine the relative importance of airport
attributes for passengers‘ travel decisions (e.g. willingness of
passengers to trade longer ground travel times or „bus terminal“
environment for cheaper fares)
Comparing data between countries: Do distinctive passenger
characteristics exist for all European low-cost airports?
Thank you for your attention!
Zentrum für Recht und Wirtschaft des Luftverkehrs (ZFL) Centre for Aviation Law and Business
Fachhochschule Trier - Umwelt-Campus Birkenfeld
Trier University of Applied Sciences
Postfach 13 80
D-55761 Birkenfeld
Fon: + 49 (67 82) 17 - 12 20
Fax: + 49 (67 82) 17 - 14 54
[email protected]
www/prof/klophaus/index.html

HHN

Transcription

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