docMapping Supervision in Europe
download 
Plainte Transcription
Mapping Supervision in Europe
Mapping Supervision in Europe Meant as an impulse Finland Nordic Supervision: psychodynamic, non managerial Norway Empowerment, Norwegian supervision model USA Sweden Developmentalintegrative Supervision Latvia External supervision: comprehensive, non managerial denmark Developmental supervision, focus: professional growth ENGLAND Mixed model of supervision in Social Work and clinical supervision, managerial LitHuania Groupdynamic, process-oriented supervision Netherlands Developmentalintegrative supervision Belgium/ Flanders Focus on Social Casework, educational supervision France Psychothera peutically dominated Supervision in Social Work GeRMany (EAST) External counseling Supervision in the working world Belgium/ Wallonia On the way to professional supervision Germany External counseling Supervision in the working world Slovakia External supervision, practical counselling Austria Strongly influenced by psychodynamic schools Switzerland Supervision as a learning process in adulthood South tyrol Supervision as a support of professionalization Slovenia Supportive and educational supervision Croatia Developmentalintegrative supervision SPAIN External professional counseling Austria Roots: In the 1920s and 1930s. Influences: the Wiener Sozialgesetz gebung and the psychoanalysis Establishing: After World War II; via Social Work and psychoanalytic Casework Pioneers: Psychoanalytical pedagogue like August Aichhorn and Anna Freud, psychotherapists like Rosa Dworschak etc. Distinguishing marks: Strongly influenced by psychodynamic schools Belgium/Flanders Roots: In the USA, via the Netherlands to Flanders Establishing: In 1973 in the Department of Social Work, focus on individual Social Casework Pioneers: Louis De Groof with a new structural supervision method Distinguishing marks: Focus on Social Casework, educational supervision Belgium/Wallonia Roots: Casework in the USA Establishing: In Social Casework Distinguishing marks: On the way to professional supervision Bosnia-Herzegovina Roots: The recent experience of war Establishing: In the 1990s: introduction of supervision as a part of internationally supported projects of psychosocial assistance to war-related trauma survivors Pioneers: Lilia Crajvert (swedish family therapist and supervisor) Distinguishing marks: Supervision as an instrument of pacification Croatia Roots: The recent experience of war; in 1992 an educational psycho-social training project was implemented Establishing: During the time of war several international projects of professional support of Social Workers were initiated. Due to the immeasurable dimension of traumatization in communities, family and individual supervision has gained a specific importance Pioneers: Nada Smolic-Krkovic, Louis van Kessel, Harlen Anderson and joint influences of international experts Distinguishing marks: Developmentalintegrative supervision England Roots: Psychoanalysis (clinical Supervisi on) and Social Casework Establishing: In the 1960s; in the late 1970s supervision became rejected, was adopted by counselling psychology, reflection on practice Distinguishing marks: Mixed model of supervision in Social Work and clinical supervision, managerial Finland Roots: In the USA, Social Casework and supervision for psychotherapists Establishing: After World War II Pioneers: Marjatta Eskola (1950) Distinguishing marks: Nordic supervisi on model: psychodynamic, non managerial Denmark Roots: Inspired by Social Work in the USA Establishing: In the beginning of the 1950s: supervision in Social Work Pioneers: Grethe Sørensen, Grethe Inger Pedersen Davis, Lis Keiser, Mogens A. Lund, Susanne Bang and Ken Heap Distinguishing marks: Developmental supervision, focus: professional growth France Roots: In the USA, in the psychothera peutical methods of the Casework (‘travail social individualisé‘) Establishing: 1956: educational programmes to become supervisor at Institut l’ETSUP Pioneers: Marguerite Pohek, Jean Ughetto, Myriam David Distinguishing marks: Psychotherapeuti cally dominated supervision in Social Work Germany (West) Roots: Psychoanalysis (medical field) and Social Case Work: import from the USA (by Social Worker emigrants and by German Social Workers given the possiblity to study overseas (military-grants) Establishing : In Social Work after World War II/ professionally since 1989 Pioneers: mainly German emigrants coming back to (Europe and) Germany: Alfred Kadushin, Gisela Konopka, Louis Lowy, Ruth Cohen, Walter Friedländer, Victor Gollancz, and the “Amerikafahrer_ innen”, Dora von Caemmerer, Ruth Bang, Heinrich Schiller, Gerhard Melzer, Renate Strömbach and many more Distinguishing marks: External counseling supervision in the working world Germany (East) Roots: In the ecclesiastical Social Work and Counselling in the 1970s and 1980s; and/ or in socio-psychological trainings in the field of economy (at the end of the 1960s) Establishing: After 1990 in re-united Germany Pioniers: “Burckhardt Haus”, psychodrama training institutes and organisational consultants from West Germany Distinguishing marks: External supervision in the working world Hungary Roots: Early 20th century; Budapest Psychoanalytic School; Balint groups (medical field); from the 1960s casework consultancy in the pedagogical/social field; import of supervision from Germany and the Netherlands in the 1990s Establishing: In Social Work in the early 1990s/professionally since 1996 Pioneers: Norbert Lippenmeier (Germany), Louis van Kessel and Ynse Stapert (The Netherlands) Distinguishing marks: External supervision model: psychodynamic (M. Balint) and humanistic, non managerial Latvia Roots: Psychodynamic theories, supervision for psychotherapists Establishing: 1991 after USSR collapse, primarily as educational supervision Pioneers: Louis Van Kessel, Alfred Kadushin, Lilja Cajvert, Ilze Norman and Norman, Matthies Friedhelm, Achim Fritzsche, Claudia Reinsberg, Mark Rodgers Distinguishing marks: External supervision model: comprehensive psychothe rapeutic methods, non managerial Hungary External supervision: psychodynamic, non managerial Lithuania Roots: The education of Social Workers Establishing: 2002: first training of supervisors Pioneers: Nijole Veckene (Vytautas Magnus University Kaunas), Robertas Grigas (Director of Lithaunian Caritas), Bernd Jansen (Akademie Münster) Distinguishing marks: Groupdynamical, process-oriented supervision Netherlands Roots: Psychoanalysis and Casework Establishing: In the 1950s; in the 1960s the “controlling part” (taken over from the USA) disappears for the benefit of a “learning method” Pioneers: Frans Siegers, Diny Hahn, Marie Kamphuis, H.M. van Praag-van Asperen and Ph.H.van Praag Distinguishing marks: Developmentalintegrative supervision Norway Roots: Psychodynamic and Gestalt theories Establishing: 1950–1970. Inspired by supervision in the psychiatric field in England. First establishing in the psychiatric field/ milieu therapists. Later developing in the pedagogic milieu Pioneers: Maxwell Jones (1907–1990), Herluf Thomstad, Tom Anderson, Handal/Lauvås Distinguishing marks: Empowerment, Norwegian supervision model: “handling and refleksjonsmodellen” BosniaHerzegovina Instrument of pacification Slovakia Roots: The cooperation with the “Deutsche Verein” and the ministry of familiy affairs (Germany) Establishing: In 1998; the beginning of the first part-time education as supervisor Pioneers: Skilled Social Workers Distinguishing marks: External supervision, practical counseling Slovenia Roots: First introduced into the field of Social Assistance and Social Work in 1979 (changes in Family Law); import from the Netherlands Establishing: Slovenian Independency: Social Assistance Act (1992): supervision supporting professional work in the field of social welfare Pioneers: Louis van Kessel distinguishing marks: Supportive and educational role of supervision South Tyrol Roots: The German language area Establishing: Via supervision research in the German language area and an initiative of the “Fritz Perls Institut Düsseldorf”; in 1990: first supervision seminar Pioneers: Andreas Troger, Hilarion Petzold, Inge Tutzer Distinguishing marks: Supervision as a support of professionalization Spain Roots: Social Work (USA); imported in the 1950s, at the initiative of the bureau of UNO (officina de asistentia technica); in the 1970s: strongly influenced by Paolo Freire and his southamerican liberation movement; further development prohibited by the Franco regime Establishing: In the 1990s via “the german supervision model” Pioneers: Julia Tuerlinck, Heinz Kersting, Lothar Krapohl, Jesús Hernández Aristu Distinguishing marks: External professional counselling Sweden Roots: Psychotherapy and Social Work Establishing: In the 1940s; Sweden has developed a tradition where supervision is defined as part of the working process, a resource given to employees regularly (25 years of education of supervisors at the University of Gothenburg) Pioneers: Liv Gjems, Lilja Cajvert, Söderquist, Andersen Distinguishing marks: The Swedish developmental-integrative supervision model: excludes the aspect of control Switzerland Roots: Social Work (USA), imported via the Netherlands, establishing in Residential Education and Social Work Establishing: 1977–1978: first supervision training course for Social Workers and Qualified Social Educations Workers Pioneers: Christina von Passavant, Louis von Kessel Distinguishing marks: Supervision as a learning process in adulthood These international fellow supervisors provided us with detailed information: Godelieve von Hees (Netherlands), Dr. Éva Nemes (Hungary), Dr. Stefan Busse (Germany), Bernd Jansen (Germany), Mark Doel PhD (Britain), Dr. Berta LinterSchlemmer (Italy), Susanne Fasel (Switzerland), Martin Scherpner (Germany), Kristina Urbanc PhD (Croatia), Marina Ajdukovic PhD (Croatia), Lilja Crajvert (Sweden and Bosnia-Herzegovina), Tone Haugs (Norway) Inese Stankus-Visa PhD (Latvia), Rikke Lund Ehrenreich (Denmark), Ellen Hooyberghs (Belgium), Jari Salonen (Finland) and Louis van Kessel who enthusiastically supported the map sending a lot of material. At times, we had to resort to other sources / literature on supervision to fill in blank spaces for countries we did not get any response from. The main literary source was: Godelieve van Hees, Brigitte Geissler-Piltz (eds): Supervision meets Education. Supervision in the Bachelor of Social Work in Europe, Maastricht 2011. Professional Associations of the CZECH REPUBLIC, ESTONIA, GREECE, ICELAND, IRELAND and ROMANIA are as well full members of the Association of National Organisations for Supervision in Europe (ANSE) or members of the ANSE network. Up to the moment of printing this magazine it wasn’t possible to get enough information about the development of supervision in these countries. For all ANSE members and network members see www.anse.eu.
