Analysis of objects and Artefacts

Analysis of objects and Artifacts
Activity 3
Step 1
Have the students do the activity of matching the documents to their
description and to the law or measure they illustrate. (See answer key.)
Instructions for the activity
Document, what can I learn from you? – Answer key (pg. 30)
Document, what can I learn from you? (pg. 33)
Enlargements and translations of documents (pg. 37)
29
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
Instructions for the Activity
Document, what can I learn from you? – Answer key
?
Match the documents to their description and to an antiJewish law or measure.
1. Preparation
•
•
•
Observe and read the documents and their translations carefully.
Then read the descriptions of the documents.
Review the anti-Jewish laws and measures on the timeline.
2. Implementation
•
•
No.
Document
Match the archival documents to their description and to the
pertinent anti-Jewish measure.
Indicate the issuance dates of the documents and place them in
chronological order.
Description
Anti-Jewish Law or Measure
1
Photo of the wedding of Herman
Leeuw and Annie Pais, with their
families present, 1942. Despite
everything, the Jews continued to
live as normally as possible.
2
Work permit for Flora Pfeiffer to work The imprisonment of Jews in a
in the punishment blocks, dated
concentration camp.
December 2, 1943. Jews capable of
work had a better chance of staying
alive.
3
Form certifying that Fred Pfeiffer
The Jews were constantly subject
is on the exemption list, dated
to deportation, even if they had an
December 8, 1943. Certain Jews
exemption.
could avoid deportation, if only for a
short time, if they were “part” Jewish,
had converted to Christianity, or held
an important function in society (e.g.
Jewish Council, wartime economy).
30
The identification of Jews by the
compulsory wearing of the yellow
star on their clothing.
No.
Document
Description
Anti-Jewish Law or Measure
4
Yellow star worn by Flora Pfeiffer in
Westerbork and Bergen-Belsen.
A step in the process of identifying
and monitoring the Jews. The
purpose of the measure was to
publicly humiliate them.
5
Sam Schryver posing under the
signs that indicate the boundaries
of the Jewish quarter. They read
“Jewish Canal”, a reference to the
geography of Amsterdam, traversed
by canals
The confinement of Jews in the
Jewish quarter (a sort of ghetto),
where their movements are
monitored and limited.
6
Wedding of Salomon Schryver
and Flora Mendels in Amsterdam
in 1942. Despite everything, the
Jews continued to live as normally
as possible. The ceremony was
performed in the Great Synagogue
of Amsterdam. It was the last
wedding to be celebrated there
before the Nazis shut down the
temple in September 1943. Salomon
and Flora were deported first to
Westerbork and then to the death
camp in Sobibor, Poland, where they
were killed.
A step in the process of identifying
and monitoring the Jews. The
purpose of the measure was to
publicly humiliate them.
7
Photo of Dutch Jews standing during Denied all liberties, the Jews are
roll call at Buchenwald concentration imprisoned in concentration camps,
camp, February 28, 1941. Simply
reduced to slavery, and starved.
because they were Jews, they were
deported, imprisoned, forced to
work, and murdered.
8
Proof of Ilse van Collem’s
registration on the Amsterdam
register by the Jewish Council on
April 7, 1941
Obligation of all Jews to register
with the authorities. These lists were
then used to carry out the raids and
deportations.
9
Identity card and work permit of Ilse
van Collem issued by the Liberal
Jewish Congregation on May 26,
1942.
The Jews were constantly subject
to deportation, even if they had an
exemption.
31
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
No.
Document
Description
Anti-Jewish Law or Measure
10
Identity card of Samuel Schryver
in Westerbork. The “S” indicates
that he was imprisoned for having
committed a crime (common law,
penal prisoner). Schryver was thus
identified because he resisted the
authorities.
Identification and imprisonment
procedure. Even in the camps, a
labelling system allowed for varying
treatments of prisoners.
11
Work permit of Ilse van Collem at
Westerbork, August 15, 1943.
Physically fit prisoners were
subjected to forced labour in the
camps.
12
Identity card of Samuel Schryver
(with the letter “J”, his photo, his
fingerprint, and his exemption).
All Jews had to have their identity
papers stamped with a “J”. This
measure served, among other
things, to recognize them during
frequent checks by the authorities.
13
Samuel Schryver and his fiancée
Jetty de Leeuw in Amsterdam’s
Jewish quarter in 1943. The yellow
star is visible on the young man’s
suit.
The identification and exclusion of
Jews from the rest of the population.
They could no longer live where they
wished and were obliged to wear the
yellow star.
14
Young men attending a ceremony
at the Sephardic Synagogue in
Amsterdam’s Jewish quarter. They
are all wearing hats and a flower.
The star of David is sewn onto their
jackets. Samuel Schryver is in the
front row, third from the left.
A step in the process of identifying
and monitoring the Jews. The
purpose of the measure was to
publicly humiliate them.
15
Photo of the secret underground
village of Nunspeet, where many
Jews, and Russian or English
soldiers hid.
Some Jews were able to flee their
home and hide for a short time.
16
Jewish quarter in Amsterdam.
The Jews were forced to live
here; their movements were limited and monitored.
Isolation of the Jews from the rest
of the population. They could no
longer choose where to live; they
had to stay in the “Jewish quarter.”
32
Document, what can I learn from you?
?
No.
Match the documents to their description and to the
anti-Jewish law or measure. Place the documents in
chronological order.
Document
Description (indicate the letter of
the description)
Anti-Jewish Law or Measure
(see timeline)
1
Photographie du mariage de
Ce document illustre l’identification
Herman de Leeuw et d’Annie
des Juifs par le port obligatoire de
Pais sur laquelle se trouvent des
l’étoile jaune sur leurs vêtements
membres de leurs familles, 1942.
Les Juifs continuaient malgré tout à
vivre, le plus normalement possible.
2
Permis de travail dans les blocs
punitifs de Westerbork pour Flora
Pfeiffer; daté du 2 décembre 1943.
Les Juifs aptes au travail pouvaient
parfois mieux s’en sortir et sauver
leur vie.
Ce document illustre
l’emprisonnement des Juifs dans un
camp de concentration
3
Formulaire certifiant l’adhésion de
Fred Pfeiffer à la liste d’exemption
daté du 8 décembre 1943.
Certains Juifs évitaient la
déportation, du moins pour un
certain temps, s’ils étaient «
partiellement » Juifs, s’ils étaient
convertis au christianisme ou s’ils
occupaient une fonction essentielle
pour la société (ex. : dans le
Conseil juif ou dans l’économie de
guerre).
Ce document illustre que les Juifs
étaient constamment menacés de
déportation, même s’ils réussissaient
à obtenir des exemptions
4
Étoile jaune portée par Flora
Pfeiffer dans les camps de
Westerbork et de Bergen-Belsen.
Ce document illustre une étape
du processus d’identification et de
contrôle des Juifs. Par cette mesure,
ils étaient humiliés aux yeux de tous.
5
Sam Shryver posant sous les
affiches indiquant les limites du
quartier Juif. On y lit « Canal juif »,
en référence à la géographie de
la ville d’Amsterdam, traversée de
canaux.
Ce document illustre le confinement
des Juifs dans le quartier juif (sorte
de ghetto), où leurs déplacements
étaient contrôlés et limités.
33
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
Description (indicate the letter of
the description)
Anti-Jewish Law or Measure
(see timeline)
6
Mariage de Salomon Schryver et
Flora Mendels à Amsterdam en
1942. Les Juifs continuaient malgré
tout à vivre le plus normalement
qu’ils le pouvaient. La cérémonie
du mariage a eu lieu à la grande
synagogue d’Amsterdam. Ce fut
le dernier mariage célébré dans
cette synagogue, qui fut fermée
par les nazis en septembre 1943.
Salomon et Flora ont été déportés à
Westerbork, puis au centre de mise
à mort de Sobibor en Pologne, où
ils ont été tués.
Ce document illustre une étape
du processus d’identification et de
contrôle des Juifs. Par cette mesure,
ils étaient humiliés aux yeux de tous.
7
Photographie de Juifs néerlandais
debout pendant l’appel au camp
de concentration de Buchenwald,
28.2.1941. Simplement parce qu’ils
étaient Juifs, ils ont été déportés,
emprisonnés, soumis au travail
forcé et assassinés.
Ce document illustre la privation
de toutes les libertés, les Juifs se
trouvaient emprisonnés dans les
camps de concentration, où ils étaient
réduits en esclavage et affamés.
8
Preuve d’inscription d’Ilse van
Collem au registre d’Amsterdam
par le Conseil juif daté du 7 avril
1941.
Ce document illustre l’obligation de
tous les Juifs à se faire enregistrer
auprès des autorités. Ces listes
servaient ensuite aux rafles et aux
déportations.
9
Carte d’identité et permis de travail
d’Ilse van Collem délivrés par la
Congrégation libérale juive, 26 mai
1942.
Ce document illustre que les Juifs
étaient constamment menacés de
déportation, même s’ils réussissaient
à obtenir des exemptions
10
Carte d’identité de Samuel Schryver
dans le camp de Westerbork. Le
« S » signifie qu’il est emprisonné
pour avoir commis un crime
(prisonnier de droit commun,
pénal). Schryver reçoit cette lettre,
car il a été pris à résister aux
autorités.
Ce document illustre les processus
d’identification et d’emprisonnement.
Même dans les camps, un système
de marquage permettait d’offrir un
traitement différent aux détenus.
No.
34
Document
No.
Document
Description (indicate the letter of
the description)
Anti-Jewish Law or Measure
(see timeline)
11
Permis de travail d’Ilse van Collem
à Westerbork, 15 août 1943
Ce document illustre que les détenus
des camps physiquement capables
étaient soumis au travail forcé.
12
Carte d’identité de Samuel Schryver
(avec la lettre « J », une photo,
l’empreinte digitale et l’exemption
de Samuel Schryver).
Ce document illustre le fait que tous
les Juifs devaient recevoir l’étampe
du « J » dans leurs papiers d’identité.
Cette mesure servait entre autres
choses à les reconnaître lors des
fréquents contrôles de la part des
autorités.
13
Samuel Schryver et sa fiancée Jetty
De Leeuw posant dans le quartier
juif d’Amsterdam en 1943. L’étoile
jaune est visible sur l’habit du jeune
homme.
Ce document illustre les phénomènes
de l’identification et de l’exclusion
des Juifs du reste de la population.
Ils ne pouvaient plus vivre où ils le
souhaitaient et étaient forcés de
porter l’étoile jaune.
14
Jeunes hommes assistant à
une cérémonie à la Synagogue
sépharade du quartier juif
d’Amsterdam. Ils portent tous
leurs chapeaux et une fleur et une
étoile de David est cousue à leur
veste. Samuel Schryver se trouve
au premier rang, 3e à partir de la
gauche.
Ce document illustre une étape
du processus d’identification et de
contrôle des Juifs. Par cette mesure,
ils étaient humiliés aux yeux de tous.
15
Photographie du village secret
souterrain de Nunspeet, où plusieurs Juifs, soldats russes ou
anglais se cachaient.
Ce document illustre le fait que
certains Juifs ont réussi à fuir leur
maison et à se cacher pour un
temps.
16
Quartier juif Amsterdam.
Les Juifs étaient forces à vivre
dans ce quartier, leurs déplacements étaient limités et contrôlés.
Ce document illustre le processus
d’isolement des Juifs du reste de
la population. Ils n’avaient plus
le choix de vivre où ils le souhaitaient, mais devaient tous vivre
dans le « quartier juif ».
35
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
Document, what can I learn from you?
Descriptions
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
36
Identity card of Samuel Schryver (with the letter “J”, his photo, his fingerprint, and his
exemption).
Identity card of Sam Schryver in Westerbork. The “S” indicates that he has been imprisoned
for having committed a crime (common law, penal prisoner). Schryver was thus identified
because he resisted the authorities.
Identity card and work permit of Ilse van Collem issued by the Liberal Jewish Congregation on
May 26, 1942.
Yellow star worn by Flora Pfeiffer in Westerbork and Bergen-Belsen.
Form certifying that Fred Pfeiffer is on the exemption list, dated December 8, 1943. Certain
Jews could avoid deportation, if only for a short time, if they were “part” Jewish, had converted
to Christianity, or held an important function in society (e.g. Jewish Council, wartime
economy).
Young men attending a ceremony at the Sephardic Synagogue in Amsterdam’s Jewish
quarter. They are all wearing hats and a flower. The star of David is sewn onto their jackets.
Samuel Schryver is in the front row, third from the left.
Wedding of Salomon Schryver and Flora Mendels in Amsterdam in 1942. Despite everything,
the Jews continued to live as normally as possible. The ceremony was performed in the
Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. It was the last wedding to be celebrated there before the
Nazis shut down the temple in September 1943. Salomon and Flora were deported first to
Westerbork and then to the death camp in Sobibor, Poland, where they were killed.
Work permit of Ilse van Collem at Westerbork, August 15, 1943.
Work permit for Flora Pfeiffer to work in the punishment blocks, dated December 2, 1943.
Jews capable of work had a better chance of staying alive.
Photo of Dutch Jews standing during roll call at Buchenwald concentration camp, February
28, 1941. Simply because they were Jews, they were deported, imprisoned, forced to work,
and murdered.
Photo of the wedding of Herman Leeuw and Annie Pais, with their families present, 1942.
Despite everything, the Jews continued to live as normally as possible.
Photo of the secret underground village of Nunspeet, where many Jews, and Russian or
English soldiers hid.
Proof of Ilse van Collem’s registration on the Amsterdam register by the Jewish Council on
April 7, 1941.
Jewish quarter in Amsterdam. The Jews were forced to live here; their movements were
limited and monitored.
Sam Schryver posing under the signs that indicate the boundaries of the Jewish quarter.
They read “Jewish Canal”, a reference to the geography of Amsterdam, traversed by canals.
Samuel Schryver and his fiancée Jetty de Leeuw in Amsterdam’s Jewish quarter in 1943. The
yellow star is visible on the young man’s suit.
Enlargements and translations of documents
1
2
Translation:
Punishment block
Work division
Pfeiffer, Flora
Date of birth: 17.12.1911
Has been placed in group D3 (illegible)
and must report to group leader (illegible)
tomorrow at 7 o’clock
Westerbork 2.12.1943
Commander-in-chief O.D.Pisk
37
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
3
4
38
5
6
39
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
7
40
8
Translation:
Translation:
Proof of registration, as indicated in regulation
no. 6/1941, article 9, paragraph 1 issued by
the Reich Commissar for the occupied Dutch
territories regarding the obligation of all full or
part Jews to register.
Address:
Stadhouderskade 127
Family name: van Collem
First name: Ilse
Born: September 26, 1926
Municipality: Amsterdam
Country: Last place of residence: Great German Empire
(Rijk = Reich) or in the General
Government of occupied Poland
Jewish Council of Amsterdam
The undersigned official, responsible for
the registration, declares that the individual
identified on the back is registered on our
municipal civil list and has met the obligation
to register in accordance with the abovementioned law.
April 7, 1941
Municipality of Amsterdam
On behalf of the mayor, Officer, section of civil
register and elections
Denomination: Dutch Israelite (Israelite = Jew)
Profession: none
Married: Number of Jewish grand-parents according to
article 2 of the ordinance: four
41
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
9
Translation:
Translation:
Religious community
Liberal Jewish Congregation
Amsterdam
Religious community
Liberal Jewish Congregation
Secretariat: Weesperlein 4 (Room 64) – Amsterdam – entrance C
Telephone: 55689
Identification
Valid for the year 1942/5702
For Ilse van Collem
Address: Stadhouderskade 127, Amsterdam
The holder of this card will perform administrative duties in the
Congregation’s secretariat
Amsterdam, May 26, 1942
On behalf of the board of the Liberal Jewish Congregation
Rabbi-in-chief Treasurer
Upon expiry of the year of service or completion of work, this
document must be returned to the secretariat.
42
10
11
Translation:
Camp Westerbork
Work card
Van Collem
Ilse
Born 26-9-26 Barrack 71
Group 17DB 8
Laundry
Westerbork, dated 26.1.1943
43
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
12
Translation:
The holder of this identity card is exempted from forced labour until further notice.
The circular stamp is that of the commander of security, police, and SD services of The
Hague
Translation:
Center: Address: Nieuwe Kerstraat 120 II (= second storey)
Right: DFL 6600 – “bank papers”
The square reads: Card payment for one person – 1 – gulden/1 peronme
44
13
14
45
Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre
15
16
46