Analysis of objects and Artefacts
Transcription
Analysis of objects and Artefacts
Analysis of objects and Artifacts Activity 3 Step 1 Have the students do the activity of matching the documents to their description and to the law or measure they illustrate. (See answer key.) Instructions for the activity Document, what can I learn from you? – Answer key (pg. 30) Document, what can I learn from you? (pg. 33) Enlargements and translations of documents (pg. 37) 29 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre Instructions for the Activity Document, what can I learn from you? – Answer key ? Match the documents to their description and to an antiJewish law or measure. 1. Preparation • • • Observe and read the documents and their translations carefully. Then read the descriptions of the documents. Review the anti-Jewish laws and measures on the timeline. 2. Implementation • • No. Document Match the archival documents to their description and to the pertinent anti-Jewish measure. Indicate the issuance dates of the documents and place them in chronological order. Description Anti-Jewish Law or Measure 1 Photo of the wedding of Herman Leeuw and Annie Pais, with their families present, 1942. Despite everything, the Jews continued to live as normally as possible. 2 Work permit for Flora Pfeiffer to work The imprisonment of Jews in a in the punishment blocks, dated concentration camp. December 2, 1943. Jews capable of work had a better chance of staying alive. 3 Form certifying that Fred Pfeiffer The Jews were constantly subject is on the exemption list, dated to deportation, even if they had an December 8, 1943. Certain Jews exemption. could avoid deportation, if only for a short time, if they were “part” Jewish, had converted to Christianity, or held an important function in society (e.g. Jewish Council, wartime economy). 30 The identification of Jews by the compulsory wearing of the yellow star on their clothing. No. Document Description Anti-Jewish Law or Measure 4 Yellow star worn by Flora Pfeiffer in Westerbork and Bergen-Belsen. A step in the process of identifying and monitoring the Jews. The purpose of the measure was to publicly humiliate them. 5 Sam Schryver posing under the signs that indicate the boundaries of the Jewish quarter. They read “Jewish Canal”, a reference to the geography of Amsterdam, traversed by canals The confinement of Jews in the Jewish quarter (a sort of ghetto), where their movements are monitored and limited. 6 Wedding of Salomon Schryver and Flora Mendels in Amsterdam in 1942. Despite everything, the Jews continued to live as normally as possible. The ceremony was performed in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. It was the last wedding to be celebrated there before the Nazis shut down the temple in September 1943. Salomon and Flora were deported first to Westerbork and then to the death camp in Sobibor, Poland, where they were killed. A step in the process of identifying and monitoring the Jews. The purpose of the measure was to publicly humiliate them. 7 Photo of Dutch Jews standing during Denied all liberties, the Jews are roll call at Buchenwald concentration imprisoned in concentration camps, camp, February 28, 1941. Simply reduced to slavery, and starved. because they were Jews, they were deported, imprisoned, forced to work, and murdered. 8 Proof of Ilse van Collem’s registration on the Amsterdam register by the Jewish Council on April 7, 1941 Obligation of all Jews to register with the authorities. These lists were then used to carry out the raids and deportations. 9 Identity card and work permit of Ilse van Collem issued by the Liberal Jewish Congregation on May 26, 1942. The Jews were constantly subject to deportation, even if they had an exemption. 31 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre No. Document Description Anti-Jewish Law or Measure 10 Identity card of Samuel Schryver in Westerbork. The “S” indicates that he was imprisoned for having committed a crime (common law, penal prisoner). Schryver was thus identified because he resisted the authorities. Identification and imprisonment procedure. Even in the camps, a labelling system allowed for varying treatments of prisoners. 11 Work permit of Ilse van Collem at Westerbork, August 15, 1943. Physically fit prisoners were subjected to forced labour in the camps. 12 Identity card of Samuel Schryver (with the letter “J”, his photo, his fingerprint, and his exemption). All Jews had to have their identity papers stamped with a “J”. This measure served, among other things, to recognize them during frequent checks by the authorities. 13 Samuel Schryver and his fiancée Jetty de Leeuw in Amsterdam’s Jewish quarter in 1943. The yellow star is visible on the young man’s suit. The identification and exclusion of Jews from the rest of the population. They could no longer live where they wished and were obliged to wear the yellow star. 14 Young men attending a ceremony at the Sephardic Synagogue in Amsterdam’s Jewish quarter. They are all wearing hats and a flower. The star of David is sewn onto their jackets. Samuel Schryver is in the front row, third from the left. A step in the process of identifying and monitoring the Jews. The purpose of the measure was to publicly humiliate them. 15 Photo of the secret underground village of Nunspeet, where many Jews, and Russian or English soldiers hid. Some Jews were able to flee their home and hide for a short time. 16 Jewish quarter in Amsterdam. The Jews were forced to live here; their movements were limited and monitored. Isolation of the Jews from the rest of the population. They could no longer choose where to live; they had to stay in the “Jewish quarter.” 32 Document, what can I learn from you? ? No. Match the documents to their description and to the anti-Jewish law or measure. Place the documents in chronological order. Document Description (indicate the letter of the description) Anti-Jewish Law or Measure (see timeline) 1 Photographie du mariage de Ce document illustre l’identification Herman de Leeuw et d’Annie des Juifs par le port obligatoire de Pais sur laquelle se trouvent des l’étoile jaune sur leurs vêtements membres de leurs familles, 1942. Les Juifs continuaient malgré tout à vivre, le plus normalement possible. 2 Permis de travail dans les blocs punitifs de Westerbork pour Flora Pfeiffer; daté du 2 décembre 1943. Les Juifs aptes au travail pouvaient parfois mieux s’en sortir et sauver leur vie. Ce document illustre l’emprisonnement des Juifs dans un camp de concentration 3 Formulaire certifiant l’adhésion de Fred Pfeiffer à la liste d’exemption daté du 8 décembre 1943. Certains Juifs évitaient la déportation, du moins pour un certain temps, s’ils étaient « partiellement » Juifs, s’ils étaient convertis au christianisme ou s’ils occupaient une fonction essentielle pour la société (ex. : dans le Conseil juif ou dans l’économie de guerre). Ce document illustre que les Juifs étaient constamment menacés de déportation, même s’ils réussissaient à obtenir des exemptions 4 Étoile jaune portée par Flora Pfeiffer dans les camps de Westerbork et de Bergen-Belsen. Ce document illustre une étape du processus d’identification et de contrôle des Juifs. Par cette mesure, ils étaient humiliés aux yeux de tous. 5 Sam Shryver posant sous les affiches indiquant les limites du quartier Juif. On y lit « Canal juif », en référence à la géographie de la ville d’Amsterdam, traversée de canaux. Ce document illustre le confinement des Juifs dans le quartier juif (sorte de ghetto), où leurs déplacements étaient contrôlés et limités. 33 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre Description (indicate the letter of the description) Anti-Jewish Law or Measure (see timeline) 6 Mariage de Salomon Schryver et Flora Mendels à Amsterdam en 1942. Les Juifs continuaient malgré tout à vivre le plus normalement qu’ils le pouvaient. La cérémonie du mariage a eu lieu à la grande synagogue d’Amsterdam. Ce fut le dernier mariage célébré dans cette synagogue, qui fut fermée par les nazis en septembre 1943. Salomon et Flora ont été déportés à Westerbork, puis au centre de mise à mort de Sobibor en Pologne, où ils ont été tués. Ce document illustre une étape du processus d’identification et de contrôle des Juifs. Par cette mesure, ils étaient humiliés aux yeux de tous. 7 Photographie de Juifs néerlandais debout pendant l’appel au camp de concentration de Buchenwald, 28.2.1941. Simplement parce qu’ils étaient Juifs, ils ont été déportés, emprisonnés, soumis au travail forcé et assassinés. Ce document illustre la privation de toutes les libertés, les Juifs se trouvaient emprisonnés dans les camps de concentration, où ils étaient réduits en esclavage et affamés. 8 Preuve d’inscription d’Ilse van Collem au registre d’Amsterdam par le Conseil juif daté du 7 avril 1941. Ce document illustre l’obligation de tous les Juifs à se faire enregistrer auprès des autorités. Ces listes servaient ensuite aux rafles et aux déportations. 9 Carte d’identité et permis de travail d’Ilse van Collem délivrés par la Congrégation libérale juive, 26 mai 1942. Ce document illustre que les Juifs étaient constamment menacés de déportation, même s’ils réussissaient à obtenir des exemptions 10 Carte d’identité de Samuel Schryver dans le camp de Westerbork. Le « S » signifie qu’il est emprisonné pour avoir commis un crime (prisonnier de droit commun, pénal). Schryver reçoit cette lettre, car il a été pris à résister aux autorités. Ce document illustre les processus d’identification et d’emprisonnement. Même dans les camps, un système de marquage permettait d’offrir un traitement différent aux détenus. No. 34 Document No. Document Description (indicate the letter of the description) Anti-Jewish Law or Measure (see timeline) 11 Permis de travail d’Ilse van Collem à Westerbork, 15 août 1943 Ce document illustre que les détenus des camps physiquement capables étaient soumis au travail forcé. 12 Carte d’identité de Samuel Schryver (avec la lettre « J », une photo, l’empreinte digitale et l’exemption de Samuel Schryver). Ce document illustre le fait que tous les Juifs devaient recevoir l’étampe du « J » dans leurs papiers d’identité. Cette mesure servait entre autres choses à les reconnaître lors des fréquents contrôles de la part des autorités. 13 Samuel Schryver et sa fiancée Jetty De Leeuw posant dans le quartier juif d’Amsterdam en 1943. L’étoile jaune est visible sur l’habit du jeune homme. Ce document illustre les phénomènes de l’identification et de l’exclusion des Juifs du reste de la population. Ils ne pouvaient plus vivre où ils le souhaitaient et étaient forcés de porter l’étoile jaune. 14 Jeunes hommes assistant à une cérémonie à la Synagogue sépharade du quartier juif d’Amsterdam. Ils portent tous leurs chapeaux et une fleur et une étoile de David est cousue à leur veste. Samuel Schryver se trouve au premier rang, 3e à partir de la gauche. Ce document illustre une étape du processus d’identification et de contrôle des Juifs. Par cette mesure, ils étaient humiliés aux yeux de tous. 15 Photographie du village secret souterrain de Nunspeet, où plusieurs Juifs, soldats russes ou anglais se cachaient. Ce document illustre le fait que certains Juifs ont réussi à fuir leur maison et à se cacher pour un temps. 16 Quartier juif Amsterdam. Les Juifs étaient forces à vivre dans ce quartier, leurs déplacements étaient limités et contrôlés. Ce document illustre le processus d’isolement des Juifs du reste de la population. Ils n’avaient plus le choix de vivre où ils le souhaitaient, mais devaient tous vivre dans le « quartier juif ». 35 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre Document, what can I learn from you? Descriptions A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P 36 Identity card of Samuel Schryver (with the letter “J”, his photo, his fingerprint, and his exemption). Identity card of Sam Schryver in Westerbork. The “S” indicates that he has been imprisoned for having committed a crime (common law, penal prisoner). Schryver was thus identified because he resisted the authorities. Identity card and work permit of Ilse van Collem issued by the Liberal Jewish Congregation on May 26, 1942. Yellow star worn by Flora Pfeiffer in Westerbork and Bergen-Belsen. Form certifying that Fred Pfeiffer is on the exemption list, dated December 8, 1943. Certain Jews could avoid deportation, if only for a short time, if they were “part” Jewish, had converted to Christianity, or held an important function in society (e.g. Jewish Council, wartime economy). Young men attending a ceremony at the Sephardic Synagogue in Amsterdam’s Jewish quarter. They are all wearing hats and a flower. The star of David is sewn onto their jackets. Samuel Schryver is in the front row, third from the left. Wedding of Salomon Schryver and Flora Mendels in Amsterdam in 1942. Despite everything, the Jews continued to live as normally as possible. The ceremony was performed in the Great Synagogue of Amsterdam. It was the last wedding to be celebrated there before the Nazis shut down the temple in September 1943. Salomon and Flora were deported first to Westerbork and then to the death camp in Sobibor, Poland, where they were killed. Work permit of Ilse van Collem at Westerbork, August 15, 1943. Work permit for Flora Pfeiffer to work in the punishment blocks, dated December 2, 1943. Jews capable of work had a better chance of staying alive. Photo of Dutch Jews standing during roll call at Buchenwald concentration camp, February 28, 1941. Simply because they were Jews, they were deported, imprisoned, forced to work, and murdered. Photo of the wedding of Herman Leeuw and Annie Pais, with their families present, 1942. Despite everything, the Jews continued to live as normally as possible. Photo of the secret underground village of Nunspeet, where many Jews, and Russian or English soldiers hid. Proof of Ilse van Collem’s registration on the Amsterdam register by the Jewish Council on April 7, 1941. Jewish quarter in Amsterdam. The Jews were forced to live here; their movements were limited and monitored. Sam Schryver posing under the signs that indicate the boundaries of the Jewish quarter. They read “Jewish Canal”, a reference to the geography of Amsterdam, traversed by canals. Samuel Schryver and his fiancée Jetty de Leeuw in Amsterdam’s Jewish quarter in 1943. The yellow star is visible on the young man’s suit. Enlargements and translations of documents 1 2 Translation: Punishment block Work division Pfeiffer, Flora Date of birth: 17.12.1911 Has been placed in group D3 (illegible) and must report to group leader (illegible) tomorrow at 7 o’clock Westerbork 2.12.1943 Commander-in-chief O.D.Pisk 37 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre 3 4 38 5 6 39 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre 7 40 8 Translation: Translation: Proof of registration, as indicated in regulation no. 6/1941, article 9, paragraph 1 issued by the Reich Commissar for the occupied Dutch territories regarding the obligation of all full or part Jews to register. Address: Stadhouderskade 127 Family name: van Collem First name: Ilse Born: September 26, 1926 Municipality: Amsterdam Country: Last place of residence: Great German Empire (Rijk = Reich) or in the General Government of occupied Poland Jewish Council of Amsterdam The undersigned official, responsible for the registration, declares that the individual identified on the back is registered on our municipal civil list and has met the obligation to register in accordance with the abovementioned law. April 7, 1941 Municipality of Amsterdam On behalf of the mayor, Officer, section of civil register and elections Denomination: Dutch Israelite (Israelite = Jew) Profession: none Married: Number of Jewish grand-parents according to article 2 of the ordinance: four 41 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre 9 Translation: Translation: Religious community Liberal Jewish Congregation Amsterdam Religious community Liberal Jewish Congregation Secretariat: Weesperlein 4 (Room 64) – Amsterdam – entrance C Telephone: 55689 Identification Valid for the year 1942/5702 For Ilse van Collem Address: Stadhouderskade 127, Amsterdam The holder of this card will perform administrative duties in the Congregation’s secretariat Amsterdam, May 26, 1942 On behalf of the board of the Liberal Jewish Congregation Rabbi-in-chief Treasurer Upon expiry of the year of service or completion of work, this document must be returned to the secretariat. 42 10 11 Translation: Camp Westerbork Work card Van Collem Ilse Born 26-9-26 Barrack 71 Group 17DB 8 Laundry Westerbork, dated 26.1.1943 43 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre 12 Translation: The holder of this identity card is exempted from forced labour until further notice. The circular stamp is that of the commander of security, police, and SD services of The Hague Translation: Center: Address: Nieuwe Kerstraat 120 II (= second storey) Right: DFL 6600 – “bank papers” The square reads: Card payment for one person – 1 – gulden/1 peronme 44 13 14 45 Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre 15 16 46