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World Data
ENCYCLOPÆDIA
Britannica
France1
Area and population
(continued)
area
Official name: République Française
(French Republic).
Form of government: republic with
two legislative houses (Parliament;
Senate [331], National Assembly
[577]).
Chief of state: President.
Head of government: Prime Minister.
Capital: Paris.
Official language: French.
Official religion: none.
Monetary unit: euro (>); valuation
(Sept. 5, 2007) 1 U.S.$ = >0.74;
1 £ = >1.48.
Area and population
area
Regions
Departments
Alsace
Bas-Rhin
Haut-Rhin
Aquitaine
Dordogne
Gironde
Landes
Lot-et-Garonne
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Auvergne
Allier
Cantal
Haute-Loire
Puy-de-Dôme
Basse-Normandie
(Lower Normandy)
Calvados
Manche
Orne
Bourgogne (Burgundy)
Côte-d’Or
Nièvre
Saône-et-Loire
Yonne
Bretagne (Brittany)
Côtes-d’Armor
Finistère
llle-et-Vilaine
Morbihan
Centre
Cher
Eure-et-Loir
Indre
Indre-et-Loire
Loir-et-Cher
Loiret
Champagne-Ardenne
Ardennes
Aube
Haute-Marne
Marne
Corse3 (Corsica)
Corse-du-Sud
Haute-Corse
Franche-Comté
Doubs
Haute-Saône
Jura
Territoire de Belfort
Haute-Normandie
(Upper Normandy)
Eure
Seine-Maritime
Île-de-France
Essonne
Hauts-de-Seine
Paris
Seine-et-Marne
Seine-Saint-Denis
Val-de-Marne
Val-d’Oise
Yvelines
Languedoc-Roussillon
Aude
Gard
Hérault
Lozère
Pyrénées-Orientales
Limousin
Corrèze
Creuse
Haute-Vienne
Lorraine
Meurthe-et-Moselle
Meuse
Moselle
Vosges
Midi-Pyrénées
Ariège
Aveyron
Gers
Haute-Garonne
Haute-Pyrénées
Lot
Tarn
Tarn-et-Garonne
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
Nord
Pas-de-Calais
Capitals
Strasbourg
Strasbourg
Colmar
Bordeaux
Périgueux
Bordeaux
Mont-de-Marsan
Agen
Pau
Clermont-Ferrand
Moulins
Aurillac
Le Puy-en-Velay
Clermont-Ferrand
Caen
Caen
Saint-Lô
Alençon
Dijon
Dijon
Nevers
Mâcon
Auxerre
Rennes
Saint-Brieuc
Quimper
Rennes
Vannes
Orléans
Bourges
Chartres
Châteauroux
Tours
Blois
Orléans
Châlons su Marne
Charleville-Mézières
Troyes
Chaumont
Châlons-en-Champagne
Ajaccio
Ajaccio
Bastia
Besançon
Besançon
Vesoul
Lons-le-Saunier
Belfort
Rouen
Évreux
Rouen
Paris
Évry
Nanterre
Paris
Melun
Bobigny
Créteil
Cergy/Pontoise
Versailles
Montpellier
Carcassonne
Nîmes
Montpellier
Mende
Perpignan
Limoges
Tulle
Guéret
Limoges
Metz
Nancy
Bar-le-Duc
Metz
Épinal
Toulouse
Foix
Rodez
Auch
Toulouse
Tarbes
Cahors
Albi
Montauban
Lille
Lille
Arras
sq mi
population
sq km
1,836
1,361
4,755
3,525
3,498
3,861
3,569
2,070
2,952
9,060
10,000
9,243
5,361
7,645
2,834
2,211
1,922
3,077
7,340
5,726
4,977
7,970
2,142
2,293
2,356
5,548
5,938
6,103
3,383
2,632
3,311
2,868
8,763
6,817
8,575
7,427
2,656
2,600
2,616
2,634
6,878
6,733
6,775
6,823
2,793
2,270
2,622
2,366
2,449
2,616
7,235
5,880
6,791
6,127
6,343
6,775
2,019
2,318
2,398
3,151
5,229
6,004
6,211
8,162
1,550
1,802
4,014
4,666
2,021
2,070
1,930
235
5,234
5,360
4,999
609
2,332
2,424
6,040
6,278
696
68
40
2,284
91
95
481
882
1,804
176
105
5,915
236
245
1,246
2,284
2,370
2,260
2,356
1,995
1,589
6,139
5,853
6,101
5,167
4,116
2,261
2,149
2,131
5,857
5,565
5,520
2,024
2,400
2,400
2,268
5,241
6,216
6,216
5,874
1,888
3,373
2,416
2,436
1,724
2,014
2,223
1,435
4,890
8,736
6,257
6,309
4,464
5,217
5,758
3,718
2,217
2,576
5,742
6,671
20052
estimate
1,806,000
1,070,000
736,000
3,080,000
401,000
1,376,000
357,000
318,000
628,000
1,331,000
342,000
151,000
217,000
621,000
1,446,000
664,000
489,000
293,000
1,622,000
513,000
222,000
546,000
341,000
3,063,000
567,000
877,000
930,000
689,000
2,496,000
315,000
417,000
232,000
569,000
322,000
641,000
1,337,000
287,000
298,000
187,000
565,000
277,000
128,000
149,000
1,142,000
513,000
234,000
255,000
140,000
1,805,000
562,000
1,243,000
11,400,000
1,188,000
1,517,000
2,154,000
1,260,000
1,459,000
1,279,000
1,148,000
1,395,000
2,496,000
337,000
678,000
982,000
77,000
422,000
724,000
237,000
123,000
364,000
2,335,000
722,000
193,000
1,037,000
383,000
2,735,000
146,000
271,000
180,000
1,156,000
230,000
168,000
363,000
221,000
4,032,000
2,576,000
1,456,000
Regions
Departments
Capitals
Pays de la Loire
Loire-Atlantique
Maine-et-Loire
Mayenne
Sarthe
Vendée
Picardie (Picardy)
Aisne
Oise
Somme
Poitou-Charentes
Charente
Charente-Maritime
Deux-Sèvres
Vienne
Provence-Alpes–Côte d’Azur
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
Alpes-Maritimes
Bouches-du-Rhône
Hautes-Alpes
Var
Vaucluse
Rhône-Alpes
Ain
Ardèche
Drôme
Haute-Savoie
Isère
Loire
Rhône
Savoie
Nantes
Nantes
Angers
Laval
Le Mans
La Roche-sur-Yon
Amiens
Laon
Beauvais
Amiens
Poitiers
Angoulême
La Rochelle
Niort
Poitiers
Marseille
Digne
Nice
Marseille
Gap
Toulon
Avignon
Lyon
Bourg-en-Bresse
Privas
Valence
Annecy
Grenoble
Saint-Étienne
Lyon
Chambéry
TOTAL
population
sq mi
sq km
2,631
2,767
1,998
2,396
2,595
6,815
7,166
5,175
6,206
6,720
2,845
2,263
2,382
7,369
5,860
6,170
2,300
2,650
2,316
2,699
5,956
6,864
5,999
6,990
2,674
1,660
1,964
2,142
2,306
1,377
6,925
4,299
5,087
5,549
5,973
3,567
2,225
2,135
2,521
1,694
2,869
1,846
1,254
2,327
210,026
5,762
5,529
6,530
4,388
7,431
4,781
3,249
6,028
543,965
20052
estimate
3,401,000
1,209,000
755,000
298,000
552,000
587,000
1,881,000
536,000
786,000
559,000
1,705,000
344,000
593,000
352,000
416,000
4,751,000
153,000
1,064,000
1,906,000
132,000
967,000
529,000
5,958,000
559,000
302,000
463,000
686,000
1,162,000
732,000
1,654,000
400,000
60,825,000
Demography
Population (2007): 61,709,000.
Density (2007): persons per sq mi 293.8, persons per sq km 113.4.
Urban-rural (2003): urban 76.3%; rural 23.7%.
Sex distribution (20072): male 48.60%; female 51.40%.
Age breakdown (20062): under 15, 18.4%; 15–29, 19.1%; 30–44, 21.1%; 45–59,
20.4%; 60–74, 12.7%; 75–84, 6.3%; 85 and over, 2.0%.
Population projection: (2010) 62,570,000; (2020) 64,890,000.
Ethnic composition (2000): French 76.9%; Algerian and Moroccan Berber
2.2%; Italian 1.9%; Portuguese 1.5%; Moroccan Arab 1.5%; Fleming 1.4%;
Algerian Arab 1.3%; Basque 1.3%; Jewish 1.2%; German 1.2%; Vietnamese
1.0%; Catalan 0.5%; other 8.1%.
Religious affiliation (2004): Roman Catholic 64.3%, of which practicing c. 8%;
nonreligious/atheist c. 27%; Muslim 4.3%; Protestant 1.9%; Buddhist c. 1%;
Jewish 0.6%; Jehovah’s Witness 0.4%; Orthodox 0.2%; other 0.3%.
Major cities (2005): Paris 2,153,600 (urban agglomeration 9,854,000); Marseille
820,900 (1,384,000); Lyon 466,400 (1,408,000); Toulouse 435,000 (839,000);
Nice 347,900 (915,000); Nantes 281,800 (544,9325); Strasbourg 272,700
(427,2455); Montpellier 244,300 (287,9815); Bordeaux 230,600 (794,000); Lille
225,100 (1,031,000); Rennes 209,900 (272,2635); Reims 184,800 (215,5815); Le
Havre 183,900 (248,5475); Saint-Étienne 175,700 (291,9605); Toulon 166,800
(519,6405).
Households (2004). Average household size 2.36; 1 person 32.8%, 2 persons
32.5%, 3 persons 15.1%, 4 persons 12.8%, 5 persons or more 6.8%. Individual
households 14,320,000 (56.0%); collective households 11,232,000 (44.0%).
Immigration: total immigrant population (20052) c. 4,850,000; immigrants
admitted (2002) 205,707, of which North African 30.7%, EU 20.8%, subSaharan African 15.2%, Asian 14.1%, other European 11.8%.
Vital statistics
Birth rate per 1,000 population (2006): 13.1 (world avg. 20.3); (2005) within
marriage 52.6%; outside of marriage 47.4%.
Death rate per 1,000 population (2006): 8.4 (world avg. 8.6).
Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (2006): 4.7 (world avg. 11.7).
Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 2006): 2.00.
Marriage/divorce rates per 1,000 population: (2006) 4.4/(2003) 2.1.
Life expectancy at birth (2006): male 77.2 years; female 84.1 years.
Major causes of death per 100,000 population (2004): malignant neoplasms
(cancers) 251.9; diseases of the circulatory system 243.0; accidents and violence 61.7; diseases of the respiratory system 50.0; diseases of the digestive
system 37.8; endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders 31.1.
Social indicators
Educational attainment (2002). Percentage of population age 25–64 with no
formal schooling through lower-secondary education 35%, upper secondary/higher vocational 41%, university 24%.
Quality of working life. Legally worked week for full-time employees (2005)
36.0 hours. Rate of fatal injuries per 100,000 insured workers (2004): 3.7.
Average days lost to labour stoppages per 1,000 workers (2004): 13. Trade
union membership (2003): 1,900,000 (c. 8% of labour force).
Access to services (2004). Proportion of principal residences having: electricity 97.4%; indoor toilet 94.6%; indoor kitchen with sink 94.2%; hot water
60.3%; air conditioner 15.4%.
Social participation. Eligible voters participating in last (May 2007) national
election: 84.0%. Population over 15 years of age participating in voluntary
associations (1997): 28.0%. Percentage of population who “never” or “almost
never” attend church services (2000) 60%; percentage of Roman Catholic
population who attend Mass weekly (2003) 12%.
Social deviance. Offense rate per 100,000 population (2006) for: murder 1.5,
rape 16.0, other assault 269.2; theft (including burglary and housebreaking)
3,403.8. Incidence per 100,000 in general population of: homicide (2001) 0.8;
suicide (2001) 16.1.
© 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
World Data
ENCYCLOPÆDIA
Britannica
Leisure. Members of sports federations (2004): 15,226,000, of which football
(soccer) 2,147,000, tennis 1,066,000. Movie tickets sold (2005): 174,200,000.
Average daily hours of television viewing for population age 4 and over
(2005): 3.43.
Material well-being (2004). Households possessing: automobile 81%; colour
television 95%; personal computer 45%; washing machine 92%; microwave
74%; dishwasher (2001) 39%.
National economy
Gross national income (2006)6: U.S.$2,256,465,000,000 (U.S.$35,725 per capita).
Foreign trade12
Structure of gross domestic product and labour force
2006
in value
>’000,000
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Construction
Public utilities
Transp. and commun.
Trade, hotels
Finance, real estate
Pub. admin., defense
Services
Other
32,700
…
198,800
101,200
32,800
66,400
197,100
568,200
126,000
403,500
65,300
1,792,000
TOTAL
2005
% of total
value
labour
force
% of labour
force
1.8
…
11.1
5.6
1.8
3.7
11.0
31.7
7.0
22.5
3.6
100.04
953,100
41,700
4,129,800
1,688,100
205,000
1,599,400
4,176,200
3,256,400
2,358,800
6,419,200
2,808,1007
27,635,800
3.4
0.2
14.9
6.1
0.7
5.8
15.1
11.8
8.5
23.2
10.27
100.04
Exchange rate, > per:
U.S. dollar
£
SDR
International reserves (U.S.$)
Total (excl. gold; ’000,000)
SDRs (’000,000)
Reserve pos. in IMF (’000,000)
Foreign exchange
Gold (’000,000 fine troy oz)
% world reserves
Interest and prices
Central bank discount (%)
Govt. bond yield (%)
Industrial share prices
(2000 = 100)9
Balance of payments
(U.S.$’000,000)
Balance of visible trade
Imports, f.o.b.
Exports, f.o.b.
Balance of invisibles
Balance of payments,
current account
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1.13
1.65
1.43
0.95
1.43
1.30
0.79
1.41
1.18
0.73
1.42
1.14
0.85
1.46
1.21
0.76
1.49
1.14
31,749
492
4,894
26,363
97.25
10.3
28,365
622
5,778
21,965
97.25
10.5
30,186
761
6,303
23,122
97.25
10.7
35,314
875
5,363
29,077
95.98
10.7
27,753
878
2,878
23,996
90.85
10.3
42,652
948
1,417
40,287
87.44
10.1
…
5.05
…
4.93
…
4.18
…
4.15
…
3.46
…
3.86
80.1
60.4
…
…
…
…
+2,840
291,780
294,620
+25,920
+7,640
299,560
307,200
+3,360
+3,420
358,490
361,910
+8,380
–8,670
429,940
421,270
+1,860
–32,140
471,360
439,220
–1,150
…
…
…
…
+28,760
+11,000
+11,800
–6,810
–33,290
…
Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2004) 572,241,000,000
(510,201,000,000); hard coal (metric tons; 2004) 872,00010 (20,780,000); lignite
(metric tons; 2004) none (40,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 2005) 7,800,000
([2004] 631,000,00011); petroleum products (metric tons; 2004) 74,910,00011
(74,274,00011); natural gas (cu m; 2004) 1,374,000,000 (49,845,000,000).
Retail trade (value of sales in >’000,000; 2004): large food stores 162,600; large
nonfood stores 136,400; auto repair shops 120,400; pharmacies and stores selling orthopedic equipment 32,600; shops selling bread, pastries, or meat
31,800; small food stores and boutiques 15,300.
Population economically active (2005): total 27,637,000; activity rate of total
population 45.5% (participation rates: ages 15–64, 69.1%; female 46.4%;
unemployed [April 2007] 8.2%).
Price and earnings indexes (2000 = 100)
Consumer price index
Earnings index
Balance of trade (current prices)
2001
–4,28311
0.7%
U.S.$’000,000
% of total
Budget (2004). Revenue: >330,140,000,000 (value-added taxes 47.1%, direct
taxes 38.3%, other taxes 14.6%). Expenditures: >355,470,000,000 (current
civil expenditure 86.0%; military expenditure 8.7%; development expenditure 5.3%).
Public debt (2005): U.S.$1,375,000,000,000.
Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (2005):
corn (maize) for forage and silage 43,600,000, wheat 36,840,806, sugar beets
31,242,506, corn (maize) 13,849,729, barley 10,317,062, grapes 6,793,249, potatoes 6,680,817, rapeseed 4,533,841, apples 2,246,351, triticale 1,793,974, sunflower seeds 1,502,106, dry peas 1,330,640, tomatoes 790,049, carrots 659,313,
oats 505,652, lettuce 488,736, peaches and nectarines 430,619, green peas
428,000, cauliflower 377,056, string beans 359,608, leeks 182,910, chicory roots
181,198, mushrooms 165,000, flax fibre and tow 90,000; livestock (number of
live animals) 19,383,000 cattle, 15,020,198 pigs, 9,185,475 sheep, 189,998,000
chickens, 30,820,000 turkeys, 22,406,000 ducks; roundwood 34,420,000 cu m,
of which fuelwood 8%; fisheries production 832,805 (from aquaculture 31%);
aquatic plants production 76,678 (from aquaculture, negligible). Mining and
quarrying (2005): gypsum 3,500,000; crude talc 340,000; kaolin 316,000; gold
(2004) 1,312 kg. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$’000,000; 2003): food
products 27,023; pharmaceuticals, soaps, and paints 22,675; motor vehicles,
trailers, and motor vehicle parts 20,269; fabricated metal products 14,264;
general purpose machinery 10,595; plastic products 8,754; medical, measuring, and testing appliances 7,551; aircraft and spacecraft 7,476; publishing
6,911; special purpose machinery 6,605; bricks, cement, and ceramics 5,922;
basic chemicals 5,843; base metals 5,547, of which basic iron and steel 4,117;
paper and paper products 5,532; beverages 5,509; furniture 4,218.
Financial aggregates8
of income (2004): wages and salaries 66%, transfers 23%, self-employment
7%, other 4%; expenditure (2005): housing and energy 24.7%, transportation 14.9%, food and nonalcoholic beverages 13.9%, recreation and culture
9.3%, restaurants and hotels 6.2%, household furnishings 5.8%.
Selected balance of payments data. Receipts from (U.S.$’000,000): tourism
(2005) 42,283; remittances (2006) 12,554; foreign direct investment (FDI;
2001–05 avg.) 47,391. Disbursements for (U.S.$’000,000): tourism (2005)
31,180; remittances (2006) 4,268; FDI (2001–05 avg.) 72,600.
Land use as % of total land area (2003): in temporary crops 33.5%, in permanent crops 2.0%, in pasture 18.4%; overall forest area (2005) 28.3%.
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
100.0
100.0
101.7
104.5
103.6
108.4
105.8
112.8
108.0
116.1
110.0
119.3
111.8
…
Household income and expenditure. Average household size (2004) 2.4; average disposable income per household (2004) >28,340 (U.S.$35,187); sources
2002
2003
+1,11911
0.2%
2004
–4,40411
0.6%
2005
–20,30511 –41,474
2.4%
4.6%
2006
–50,825
4.9%
Imports (2004)11: U.S.$431,005,000,000 (machinery and apparatus 24.0%, of
which electrical machinery and electronic microcircuits 6.2%, industrial
machinery 4.5%; chemicals and chemical products 13.9%; road vehicles
11.7%; crude petroleum and refined petroleum 8.5%; food products 7.2%).
Major import sources: Germany 17.4%; Italy 9.0%; Spain 7.4%; Belgium
7.3%; U.K. 6.5%; U.S. 6.4%; China 4.7%; The Netherlands 4.4%; Japan
3.1%; Switzerland 2.3%.
Exports (2004)11: U.S.$410,700,000,000 (machinery and apparatus 22.1%, of
which electrical machinery and electronic microcircuits 6.3%, industrial
machinery 4.6%; transport equipment 20.6%, of which road vehicles and
parts 14.7%, aircraft, spacecraft, and related parts 5.3%; chemicals and chemical products 16.9%, of which pharmaceuticals 5.0%; food 8.0%; iron and
steel 3.4%; perfumes, cosmetics, and toiletries 3.0%; alcoholic beverages
2.4%). Major export destinations: Germany 15.0%; Spain 10.0%; U.K. 9.3%;
Italy 9.3%; Belgium 7.7%; U.S. 6.9%; The Netherlands 4.0%; Switzerland
3.1%; Japan 1.6%; China 1.6%.
Transport and communications
Transport. Railroads (2004): route length (in operation) 29,085 km; (2003)
passenger-km 53,080,000,000; (2003) metric ton-km cargo 46,840,000,000.
Roads (2004): total length 951,220 km (paved 100%). Vehicles (2004): passenger cars 29,900,000; trucks and buses 6,139,000. Air transport (2005):
passenger-km 115,116,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 5,526,000,000.
Communications
Medium
date
number
in ’000s
units
per 1,000
persons
Televisions
Telephones
Cellular
Landline
2004
23,723
391
2006
2006
51,66214
33,897
85114
558
Medium
date
PCs
Dailies
Internet users
Broadband
2005
2004
2006
2006
number
in ’000s
35,000
7,93413
30,100
12,69914
units
per 1,000
persons
573
13113
496
20814
Education and health
Education (2005–06)
Primary (age 6–10)15
Secondary (age 11–18)
Lower
Upper (Professional)
Upper (General/Technical)
Higher
students
student/
teacher ratio
363,285
3,962,600
10.9
7,010
1,708 } 520,736
2,625
4,35616
89,300
3,138,000
720,200
1,512,800
2,269,800
schools
teachers
56,158
}
10.3
25.4
Health (20042): physicians 203,487 (1 per 296 persons); hospital beds 457,132
(1 per 132 persons); infant mortality rate (2006) 3.7.
Food (2005): daily per capita caloric intake 3,681 (vegetable products 67%,
animal products 33%).
Military
Total active duty personnel (March 2006): 254,895 (army 52.4%, navy 17.3%,
air force 24.9%, headquarters staff 2.0%, health services 3.4%)17. Military
expenditure as percentage of GDP (2005): 2.5%18; per capita expenditure
U.S.$87118.
1Data for the French overseas departments of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana,
and Réunion are excluded unless footnoted. 2January 1. 3Commonly referred to as a
region but officially a territorial collectivity. 4Detail does not add to total given because
of rounding. 51999. 6Includes the overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe,
Martinique, and Réunion. 7Includes 2,717,000 unemployed. 8Data are end of year unless
otherwise indicated. 9Period average. 10Last coal-producing mine closed in April 2004.
11Includes Monaco. 12Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 13Circulation of daily newspapers.
14Subscribers. 15Includes integration and adaption schooling. 162003–04. 17Paramilitary
(2005) 104,275, of which gendarmerie 102,322. 18Includes military pensions.
Internet resources for further information:
• INSEE http://www.insee.fr/fr/home/home_page.asp
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