Tunisia - weforum.org - World Economic Forum

2: Country/Economy Profiles
Tunisia
Key indicators, 2014
GDP (PPP) per capita (int’l $), 1990–2014
Population (millions) ........................................ 11.0
GDP (US$ billions) .......................................... 48.6
GDP per capita (US$) ................................... 4,415
GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 0.12
Tunisia
15,000
Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan
12,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
Global Competitiveness Index
Rank
(out of 140)
Score
(1–7)
Institutions
7
Innovation
GCI 2015–2016 ...................................................... 92 ..... 3.9
GCI 2014–2015 (out of 144) ..................................... 87 ......4.0
GCI 2013–2014 (out of 148) ..................................... 83 ......4.1
GCI 2012–2013 (out of 144) .................................... n/a ......n/a
Infrastructure
6
5
Business
sophistication
Macroeconomic
environment
4
3
2
Basic requirements (40.0%) .......................................78 ......4.4
Market size
1st pillar: Institutions ................................................. 79 ......3.8
2nd pillar: Infrastructure ............................................ 80 ......3.7
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .................... 97 ......4.3
4th pillar: Health and primary education ................... 58 ......5.9
Health and
primary
education
1
Higher education
and training
Technological
readiness
Financial market
development
Efficiency enhancers (50.0%) .....................................98 ......3.7
Goods market
efficiency
Labor market efficiency
5th pillar: Higher education and training ................... 76 ......4.1
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency .......................... 118 ......3.9
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency ........................... 133 ......3.3
8th pillar: Financial market development ................. 122 ......3.1
9th pillar: Technological readiness ............................ 80 ......3.6
10th pillar: Market size.............................................. 69 ......3.9
Tunisia
Middle East, North Africa, and Pakistan
Stage of development
Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%) .........110 ......3.3
11th pillar: Business sophistication ........................ 104 ......3.6
12th pillar: Innovation ............................................. 110 ......2.9
1
Transition
1–2
Factor
driven
2
Transition
2–3
3
Efficiency
driven
Innovation
driven
The most problematic factors for doing business
Score*
Inefficient government bureaucracy ...................................16.4
Access to financing ...........................................................11.8
Policy instability .................................................................10.7
Corruption ...........................................................................8.0
Complexity of tax regulations...............................................7.6
Tax rates..............................................................................6.8
Foreign currency regulations ................................................6.0
Poor work ethic in labor force..............................................5.7
Inadequately educated workforce ........................................5.1
Restrictive labor regulations .................................................4.9
Inadequate supply of infrastructure ......................................4.8
Insufficient capacity to innovate ...........................................4.4
Government instability/coups ..............................................3.2
Inflation ................................................................................3.2
Poor public health ...............................................................0.8
Crime and theft ...................................................................0.6
0
*
5
10
15
20
25
From the list of factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score
corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.
348 | The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016
© 2015 World Economic Forum
30
2: Country/Economy Profiles
Tunisia
The Global Competitiveness Index in detail
INDICATOR
VALUE RANK/140
INDICATOR
1st pillar: Institutions
VALUE RANK/140
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (cont’d.)
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
Property rights ....................................................... 4.4 ............57
Intellectual property protection ............................... 3.5 ............90
Diversion of public funds ........................................ 3.7 ............52
Public trust in politicians ......................................... 3.0 ............64
Irregular payments and bribes ................................ 3.6 ............92
Judicial independence............................................ 3.8 ............71
Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....... 3.3 ............55
Wastefulness of government spending ................... 3.3 ............65
Burden of government regulation ........................... 3.3 ............84
Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes .... 3.6 ............74
Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. ... 3.6 ............61
Transparency of government policymaking............. 3.7 ..........100
Business costs of terrorism .................................... 3.4 ..........128
Business costs of crime and violence..................... 4.0 ..........101
Organized crime ..................................................... 4.4 ............97
Reliability of police services .................................... 4.1 ............69
Ethical behavior of firms ......................................... 3.7 ............87
Strength of auditing and reporting standards ......... 4.2 ............96
Efficacy of corporate boards .................................. 4.3 ..........104
Protection of minority shareholders’ interests ......... 3.9 ............81
Strength of investor protection, 0–10 (best)* .......... 5.5 ............74
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
Quality of overall infrastructure ............................... 3.7 ............90
Quality of roads ...................................................... 3.5 ............89
Quality of railroad infrastructure .............................. 3.0 ............57
Quality of port infrastructure ................................... 3.6 ............92
Quality of air transport infrastructure....................... 3.9 ............87
Available airline seat km/week, millions* ............. 201.9 ............63
Quality of electricity supply ..................................... 4.8 ............64
Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 128.5 ............46
Fixed-telephone lines/100 pop.* ............................. 8.5 ............87
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
Government budget balance, % GDP*................. –3.5 ............79
Gross national savings, % GDP* .......................... 11.7 ..........120
Inflation, annual % change* .................................... 4.9 ............97
General government debt, % GDP* ..................... 47.5 ............80
Country credit rating, 0–100 (best)* ...................... 41.3 ............74
4.01
4.02
4.03
4.04
4.05
4.06
4.07
4.08
4.09
4.10
Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ................................ S.L. ...........n/a
Business impact of malaria ............................. N/Appl. ...........n/a
Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.* ....................... 32.0 ............58
Business impact of tuberculosis ............................. 5.6 ............72
HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................... 0.1 ..............1
Business impact of HIV/AIDS ................................. 5.7 ............67
Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* .............. 13.1 ............69
Life expectancy, years*......................................... 73.6 ............80
Quality of primary education ................................... 3.6 ............86
Primary education enrollment, net %* .................. 98.7 ............10
5.01
5.02
5.03
5.04
5.05
5.06
5.07
5.08
Secondary education enrollment, gross %* .......... 90.6 ............70
Tertiary education enrollment, gross %*................ 35.2 ............71
Quality of the education system ............................. 3.3 ............89
Quality of math and science education .................. 4.4 ............53
Quality of management schools ............................. 4.2 ............69
Internet access in schools ...................................... 3.4 ..........112
Availability of specialized training services .............. 3.5 ..........113
Extent of staff training ............................................ 3.6 ..........106
2nd pillar: Infrastructure
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
No. procedures to start a business* ........................ 10 ..........116
No. days to start a business* ............................... 11.0 ............59
Agricultural policy costs.......................................... 3.4 ............99
Prevalence of non-tariff barriers .............................. 3.7 ..........123
Trade tariffs, % duty* ............................................ 10.9 ..........115
Prevalence of foreign ownership............................. 4.2 ............89
Business impact of rules on FDI ............................. 4.3 ............82
Burden of customs procedures .............................. 3.1 ..........126
Imports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 57.6 ............46
Degree of customer orientation .............................. 4.2 ..........100
Buyer sophistication ............................................... 3.0 ..........107
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.04
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.08
7.09
7.10
Cooperation in labor-employer relations ................. 3.6 ..........125
Flexibility of wage determination ............................. 4.0 ..........121
Hiring and firing practices ....................................... 3.2 ..........119
Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* .................... 12.1 ............48
Effect of taxation on incentives to work .................. 3.6 ............93
Pay and productivity............................................... 3.3 ..........121
Reliance on professional management ................... 3.7 ............98
Country capacity to retain talent............................. 2.7 ..........118
Country capacity to attract talent ........................... 2.5 ..........124
Women in labor force, ratio to men* ..................... 0.36 ..........130
8.01
8.02
8.03
8.04
8.05
8.06
8.07
8.08
Availability of financial services ............................... 3.7 ..........121
Affordability of financial services ............................. 3.9 ............90
Financing through local equity market .................... 3.5 ............70
Ease of access to loans ......................................... 2.8 ............71
Venture capital availability ....................................... 2.3 ..........111
Soundness of banks .............................................. 3.2 ..........131
Regulation of securities exchanges ........................ 3.8 ............94
Legal rights index, 0–12 (best)* ................................. 2 ..........106
9.01
9.02
9.03
9.04
9.05
9.06
9.07
Availability of latest technologies ............................ 4.5 ............83
Firm-level technology absorption ............................ 4.5 ............78
FDI and technology transfer ................................... 4.2 ............85
Individuals using Internet, %* ............................... 46.2 ............76
Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* .. 4.4 ............87
Int’l Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* ................ 26.0 ............79
Mobile-broadband subscriptions/100 pop.* ......... 47.6 ............61
10.01
10.02
10.03
10.04
Domestic market size index, 1–7 (best)*................. 3.7 ............69
Foreign market size index, 1–7 (best)* .................... 4.5 ............67
GDP (PPP$ billions)* .......................................... 124.3 ............72
Exports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 43.9 ............53
11.01
11.02
11.03
11.04
11.05
11.06
11.07
11.08
11.09
Local supplier quantity ........................................... 4.4 ............82
Local supplier quality.............................................. 3.9 ............97
State of cluster development.................................. 3.3 ..........100
Nature of competitive advantage ............................ 2.8 ..........119
Value chain breadth................................................ 3.6 ............88
Control of international distribution ......................... 3.7 ............82
Production process sophistication.......................... 3.4 ..........103
Extent of marketing ................................................ 3.8 ..........116
Willingness to delegate authority ............................ 3.4 ..........103
12.01
12.02
12.03
12.04
12.05
12.06
12.07
Capacity for innovation........................................... 3.5 ..........109
Quality of scientific research institutions ................. 3.0 ..........111
Company spending on R&D................................... 2.8 ..........111
University-industry collaboration in R&D ................. 2.9 ..........116
Gov’t procurement of advanced tech products ...... 2.8 ..........113
Availability of scientists and engineers .................... 4.3 ............48
PCT patents, applications/million pop.* .................. 0.8 ............72
7th pillar: Labor market efficiency
8th pillar: Financial market development
3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment
4th pillar: Health and primary education
5th pillar: Higher education and training
6th pillar: Goods market efficiency
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
Intensity of local competition .................................. 4.7 ............90
Extent of market dominance .................................. 3.3 ..........104
Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy ..................... 3.4 ..........103
Effect of taxation on incentives to invest................. 3.8 ............60
Total tax rate, % profits* ....................................... 62.4 ..........124
9th pillar: Technological readiness
10th pillar: Market size
11th pillar: Business sophistication
12th pillar: Innovation
Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section “How to Read
the Country/Economy Profiles” on page 89.
© 2015 World Economic Forum
The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016 | 349