Eh Corisco! Speak real Portuguese!

“Eh Corisco! Speak real Portuguese!”
Le rôle des idéologies sociolinguistiques dans
les (re)constructions identitaires chez des
jeunes portugais-canadiens à Toronto.
Emanuel da Silva
University of Toronto
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Mes objectifs

Porter un regard critique sur des questions de
marginalisation culturelle et linguistique dans la
communauté portugaise de Toronto – en
particulier chez les jeunes de 2e génération

Souligner l’importance d’une « conscientisation »
et d’une intégration intra-ethnique (entre les
Portugais); ce qui pourrait faciliter une intégration
inter-ethnique.
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Questions de recherche
 Quelles
ressources linguistiques et
culturelles sont définies comme étant les
plus importantes pour participer dans la
communauté portugaise? Comment? Par
qui? Avec quelles conséquences pour
qui?
• Bourdieu (1982, 1991), Heller (1999, 2002),
Freire (1970)
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Images « portugais »
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Les Açores et le Portugal Continental
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Little Portugal ≈ Little Açores
Portuguese Ethnic Origin, 2006
Census
Unofficial est.
Canada : 500,000
410,850
188,110
Toronto CMA: 200,000
Toronto: 60-70% Azrns, 30-40% Cont.
• Few Azoreans among early community
leaders; still remain underrepresented today
• Few Azoreans in Portuguese classes
• Few Azoreans pass on the language to their
children
• Few mentions of Azorean history in the
dominant narrative of the nation
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Dia de Portugal et la langue en défilé
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1e exemple
JULIA
+
+
+
+
+
Quelques traits sociolinguistiques
Parle portugais couramment et correctement
Etudie la langue, l’histoire (etc.) portugaises
A des parents impliqués dans la communauté
Est impliquée elle-même dans la communauté
Voyage souvent au Portugal
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Ils sont toujours portugais…mais sont-ils fiers?

J: It was surprising and actually my [Portuguese] teacher made a
comment about how […] she had been teaching for 20 years and she
might have had maybe one or two [Azoreans], and we actually
discussed how, um, the Portuguese from the Continent seem a lot more
prou:d in a sense (rising intonation) to to speak their language in public
or at home or encourage, um, their children to keep the language alive.

J: Like maybe a Continental person would be, um, you know, “Our
language is beautiful; it’s very important, you should learn it, ‘cuz it is
part of who you are” […] And maybe it’s because of the accent (rising
intonation) I’m not sure ([nervous?] laugh) that [Azoreans] hide it?

J: There’s a lot of jokes ’n stereotypes too right? That it’s it’s kind of a
shame ‘cuz we’re all the same, in a sense […] Like my friend actually
impersonates (rising intonation), um, (laugh) Azoreans “Eh corisco!
Speak real Portuguese!” […] But it’s just kinda like (laugh) well, they still
are Portuguese and and I think that makes them feel even more like
marginalized, and not wanna maybe associate with the Continentals.
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2e exemple
JULIA Quelques traits sociolinguistiques
MAGGIE
+
Parle portugais couramment et
correctement
+
Etudie la langue, l’histoire (etc.) portugaises
- (+)
+
A des parents impliqués dans la
communauté
+
Est impliquée elle-même dans la
- (+)
communauté
+
Voyage souvent au Portugal
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Vous parlez mal ! Vos parents vous
enseignent le mauvais portugais !

M: My dislike for the Portuguese language came from [the
Portuguese teacher at her elementary school] he was from
the Continent, and he had this open disdain for kids from the
Azores, which was stupid ‘cuz my school was like 90%
Azorean. [...] So he would tell us “You’re speaking wrong! You
tell your parents they’re teaching you wrong!” [...] He was like
a dictator. If you weren’t listening [...] he’d like literally grab me
by the ear and say “Castigo! [punishment]” [...] so how are
you supposed to love that? You don’t! You’re terrified, and
when you’re young [...] you never forget it. So for a really long
time I thought “Screw this!”, like, “Forget Portuguese! Why do
I want to learn it?”
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Déçue par la marginalisation
sociolinguistique

M: We begged them [Portuguese businesses, associations],
“Come out to an event! Advertise about us on your website!”
They didn’t even want to touch us, we’re like the friggen’
plague! Like “The youth? Whatever! Big Deal!”
 E: But now that [the club] is being run by someone who
speaks Portuguese -- very well
 M:
-- it’s like “Oh wow! Oh my God! Jesus!”
It’s unfortunate to me, and it’s really turned me off! Like, I
literally want nothing to do with my community.
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Parler portugais, açorien ou brésilien ?
A: [my translation] A huge obstacle for most Portuguese youth to learn
how to speak Portuguese, to want to learn […] is the habit
[mispronounced] of the more, of the older generations, of criticizing the
young people’s Portuguese [the men at the back of the room are very
disruptive, making noise and openly mocking her: “Yeah! Yeah! That’s
it! That’s it!”] […] If you continue to criticize the way that they speak,
that they don’t speak so good, the youth will lose interest in speaking,
and if they don’t have interest they won’t want to go to Portuguese
school. […] When I was very young […] I remember the experiences I
had when I tried to speak Portuguese and, in the (m.) the (f.) parties at
church I always heard “Ahh, your Portuguese isn’t very good!”, or
“You’re speaking Azorean, you’re not speaking Portuguese!” [more
noise…] The people from the Continent have to respect that Azoreans
will speak with an Azorean accent and we (Azoreans) have to speak
with pride. Now I speak with the accent from Brazil [muffled laughs…]
because I lived in Brazil. Now the Portuguese and Azoreans here say,
“But you don’t speak Portuguese, you speak Brazilian!” [laughter and
rumbling gets louder…]
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Conclusions

Si on veut que la communauté portugaise s’intègre
mieux dans la société canadienne, il faut que cellelà soit intégrée et inclusive elle-même.



Or, on devrait reconnaître la marginalisation historique
Rendre les espaces de pouvoir et les salles de classe
communautaires plus représentatifs (i.e. + Açoriens)
Sinon, la communauté continuera à reproduire les
mêmes anciennes idéologies et divisions, et l’appui
gouvernemental pourrait renforcer ces divisions.
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