Program - Urban Protected Areas (UPA) Network

International Conference BiodiverCities 2015
Cities and natural parks: building an urban nature ?
17-18 September 2015
ESPE, 63 La Canebière, Marseille, France
After…
BiodiverCities Paris 2010 : “Sustainable Management of Urban and Peri-urban Protected Areas in the global
North and South”
BiodiverCities Rio de Janeiro 2012 : “Urban Protected Areas: issues, actors, spaces”
BiodiverCities Cape Town 2014 : “Rescaling Natural Parks and the City”…
… UPA Network (upa-network.org) and the UNPEC program (Urban National Parks in Emerging Countries
and Cities) introduce the International Conference BiodiverCities Marseilles 2015 with the collaboration of the
City of Marseille and the Calanques and Port-Cros national parks:
© Parc National des Calanques
THE ISSUE(S)
Natural (peri-)urban areas are an integral part of complex socio-economic, political and territorial dynamics
that tend to exert pressure on environments to be protected (and on those managing such areas!). But these
dynamics also offer several opportunities that are beneficial for conservation. Hence, urban natural parks
provide a remarkable example of the permanent tension between the commitments made for the
preservation of biodiversity and those for economic and social development. Parks may be under threat
from the growing needs of cities (for example, through overcrowding by visitors, which would need to be
nuanced and put into perspective, depending on the contexts) or because of urban nuisance (pollutions…); in
the same way, cities may covet these protected areas for multiple reasons, whether for real estate or others.
However, a more positive view highlights the reciprocal benefits the two gain: cities can provide parks with
technical support (waste management, fire-fighting and security), funding and visibility, whereas parks
generate ecosystem services of all kinds, not just ecological, but also social and economic.
Hence, cities emerge as a favourable theatre for the observation of new dynamics, as social and economic
development issues are concentrated here, while major development and research related issues in the
environmental field are also crystallized here: nature in the city, landscape ecology, integrated water
management, energy efficiency, adaptation to climate change, social management of biodiversity,
environmental education, etc.
Efforts to view parks and their surroundings together seem to be emerging, both in the academic sphere and
in management practices, on both sides of the borders of protected areas. These approaches need to be
questioned, as they are sometimes proffered as solutions. Can better coordination be enabled, generating
margins of manoeuvre thanks to changes in scale and better integration in the surrounding space? Attempts
to think of urban and protected areas together through the prism of notions such as corridors, matrices or
grids in order to promote the complexity of ecosystems and their interactions, would therefore be evoked. The
same holds true for approaches aimed at developing the notion of “partnership areas” (zones d’adhésion,
negotiated buffer zones) and other transition areas between parks and cities. The symposium’s general
objective is to promote the exchange of national or international experiences and possible adaptations of
models.
1 While there is tension between the conservation of biodiversity and local development in all protected natural
areas, it is nonetheless stronger in national parks given their degree of protection and even stronger in the
case of urban national parks. And it is further exacerbated in emerging, BRICS-like countries due, in
particular, to social gaps and the sometimes brutal processes characterising them – as testified by the four
national parks studied by the UNPEC project: Cape Town, Rio de Janeiro, Nairobi and Mumbai (Bombay).
Three of these parks are coastal parks. The Cape Town national park is characterised by its Mediterranean
environment. All these are the reasons why the UNPEC programme chose to hold the BiodiverCities 2015
event in Marseilles for its closing symposium – it is near the only French national park that is both urban and
marine (the Calanques) and that of Port-Cros, which is in the process of building its “partnership zone” (aire
optimale d’adhésion) through a charter with the coastal Var localities.
The BiodiverCities symposium cycle is aimed at pooling approaches, studies and experiences underway, as
well as comparisons between protected areas. BiodiverCities 2015 shall offer a variety of contrasting
perspectives: France/emerging economies, global North/global South, national parks/other protected natural
areas… in addition to the pooling of experiences between the “Mediterranean” parks of the Calanques, PortCros and Cape Town.
Port of Port Cros © X. Collard, 2010.
OBJECTIVES
Ø Exchanging experiences in the field of the management of national parks in urban and peri-urban areas,
or those strongly influenced by urban uses (tourism, industry, etc.).
Ø Presenting the research underway on the interactions between conservation/development,
societies/nature and cities/natural areas.
Ø Ensuring the development of cooperation between protected area managers, possibly in collaboration
with research teams.
THEMES PROPOSED
Ø
Borders, flows and connectivities:
Despite the often clearly demarcated borders of natural parks, multiple flows cross through them
(wildlife, invasive species, water, products, people, etc.), marking a deep-seated interdependence
with their urban environment. Attempts are sometimes made to contain these flows, in order to protect
the “natural” identity of protected areas as far as possible – e.g. the endemism of their biodiversity –
from external influences, especially urban. Conversely, the current connectivity-based reasoning and
the establishment of ecological corridors are forcing protected areas out of their restricted definition,
making them “come out” of their initially established demarcation in order to get integrated into
broader ecological and territorial perspectives. These new dynamics need to be seen over the long
term: the relations of parks with their natural and social environment shall therefore be re-placed in a
historical perspective, as this will contribute to the understanding of current situations and
specificities. Timescale differences between ecological and socio-economic processes must be
addressed for designing sustainable policies.
Ø
Uses and users, restrictions and access to “nature” and to the city: Between regulations and
management practices on the one hand, and the demands and behaviour of users or local residents
on the other, what are the agreements, complementarities and services rendered? Do the relations
between protected areas and urban logic necessarily translate into conflicts of different kinds? Parks
in countries of the South or emerging countries are marked by very different representations of
2 “nature”, between the westernised environmental sensitivities of affluent population groups and the
more utilitarian perspectives of the poor, often seeking firewood or game. But parks in countries of the
North also have their own divergent and far from reconcilable uses and representations. Hence, the
diversity of such uses and views of these areas shall be questioned, along with the management
issues related to these more or less easily shared zones.
Ø
Protection and scales of perspective: Between municipal parks and UNESCO World heritage sites,
management levels can be extremely different and may sometimes even overlap. Hence, an urban
“national” park has to meet country-level goals, without, however, evading the requirements of its
local integration within an urban area. The interconnections between different levels of power
(international, national, regional, local, etc.) shall be viewed from different perspectives, by examining
how these multiple scales can rival each other while also being complementary. A city may use an
internationally renowned park as a logo (Cape Town, Rio), while others are unable to do so: what is
the city’s degree of integration and that of a park in today’s more or less “globalised” systems? The
role of associations (from Big International NGOs – BINGOs – to local residents’ associations) may, in
particular, be called into question here.
Ø
Building “urban nature”: If conservation goals may tolerate “nature” being “urban”, how can it be
built? The various biodiversity governance and management strategies in terms of city-park
integration and collaboration, as well as the circulation of national and international models, shall be
some of the topics broached in order to try and develop a general typology of urban natural parks in
the world.
Nairobi National Park
3 BiodiverCities 2015 ESPE, 63 La Canebière, 13001 Marseille 17-­‐18 septembre 2015 Program of the International Conference Registration: Conference: http://www.linscription.com/BiodiverCities2015eng-­‐1049 Field Visit: http://www.linscription.com/BiodiverCities2015eng-­‐1050 Announcement: http://english.upa-­‐network.org/uploadfile/announcementbiodivercities2015env2.pdf 17 September 2015 8h30-­‐9h00 Registration and viewing of the exposition «50 years with Port-­‐Cros National Park » 9h00-­‐9h30 9h30-­‐10h00 Opening and Welcoming Remarks Didier Réault, Deputy Mayor (City of Marseille), and President (Calanques National Park) Sylvie Daviet, Professor and Dean of International Relations (University Aix Marseille) Isabelle Monfort, Municipal Councilor (City of Hyères), President (Port-­‐Cros National Park) Between Urban Integration and Globalization: comparing four Urban National Parks Frédéric Landy,* Professor (Université Paris Ouest), Scientific Coordinator (UNPEC) The UNPEC Program: a link between research and action Louise Bruno,* (Institut Libertas, Urban PA Network, IUCN/WCPA Urban Specialist Group) 10h00-­‐10h15 Coffee Break 10h15-­‐11h45 Round Table #1 -­‐ Views from Elected Officials: What place for a National Park in your local Urban Agenda? Introduction: Glen Hyman,* Center for the Sociology of Organisations (Sciences Po) Participants Councillor Isabelle Monfort, City of Hyères (France), and President (Port Cros National Park) Governor David Nkedianye, Kajiado County (Kenya) Deputy Mayor Didier Réault, City of Marseille (France), and President (Calanques National Park) Councillor Rais Sheikh, Ward Corporator, City of Mumbai (India) Alderman Belinda Walker, City of Cape Town (South Africa), and Mayoral Committee member 11h45 -­‐13h00 Research Presentations #1: Flows, Boundaries, and Connectivity Introduction: Estienne Rodary,* IRD C. Claeys (Aix Marseille Université), V. Deldrève, A. Hérat, C. Barthélémy Construction politique, usages sociaux et controverses environnementales relatives au parc naturel périurbain des Calanques : une lecture en termes d’effort environnemental S. Héritier, C. Lebreton (Université de Saint-­‐Etienne et ENS-­‐CIRAD) D’un « parc révolutionnaire » à un territoire révolutionné ? Mobilisations et tensions consécutives à la recatégorisation d’un parc national mexicain : le cas du Nevado de Toluca Hélène BALU, Hervé THEDY, Miguel GIORGEFF, Albert SAYAG, F. Talin (Calanques Nat’l Park), Le paysage, une vision pour fonder le territoire du parc national des Calanques? 13h00-­‐14h30 Lunch *Members of the UNPEC Research Program 4 14h30-­‐16h00 Round Table #2 -­‐ Views from Protected Area Management: What place for a Park in the agenda of its urban hosts? Introduction: Bernard Calas,* Université de Bordeaux 3 Participants François Bland, Director, Calanques National Park (Marseille) Julius Cheptei, Assistant Director for the Southern Conservation Region (Nairobi) Vikas Gupta, Director, Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Mumbai) Bernardo Issa, ICMBio Focal Point for Brasilia; past Director,Tijuca Nat’l Park (Rio de Janeiro) Norman Johnson, Regional Manager, SANParks (Cape Town) Guillaume Sellier, Director, Port-­‐Cros National Park (Hyères) 16h00-­‐16h15 Break 16h15-­‐17h30 Research Presentations #2: Users, Uses, Restrictions, and Access to Nature & the City Introduction: Veronique Fourault* (Université de Paris Ouest-­‐Nanterre) C. M. Orduz Rojas, D. Barros Pereira, J. Bruno Dias (université fédérale du Minas Gerais), Tensions and conflicts in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, Brazil F. Lanata, S. Dessein (Jardin botanique Meise). Les jardins botaniques et les villes d’Afrique centrale : leur rôle pour la sauvegarde de la biodiversité du Bassin du Congo. Etude de cas des interventions du Jardin botanique Meise en République Démocratique du Congo. A. Robert, J.L. Yengué (Université de Tours) Un désir citadin de nature… maîtrisée : Quelle place pour les parcs naturels en ville ? 17h30-­‐18h00 General Discussion and First Day Conclusion 18 September 2015 9h15-­‐9h30 Second Day Plenary Introduction Denise Bellan-­‐Santini, (IMBE) and President, (Scientific Council, Calanques National Park), and Tashina Girau, Project Manager, KEDGE Business School and President (Social, Economic & Culture, Calanques National Park) 9h30-­‐12h00 Parallel Sessions: ROOM A: Researcher Presentations #3: Building an Urban Nature? S. Clarimont, K. Leichnig (Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour) Le Parc naturel urbain, entre construction politique opportuniste et renouvellement des politiques environnementales? C. Girault (Université de Savoie) Entre naturalité et urbanité, quelle intégration des espaces protégés en ville? Le cas d’Helsinki (Finlande) (10h15-­‐10h30) Coffee Break J. Salomon Cavin (Université de Lausanne) The Impossible Urban Natural Park in Switzerland 5 9h30-­‐12h00 M. Sud (Université de Cologne) The Establishment and Contestation of Conservation Spaces in Delhi, India ROOM B: Researcher Presentations #4: Protection as seen through the lens of scale A. Cadoret, X. Daumalin (Aix Marseille Université) Dynamiques urbaines et système conflictuel dans le Parc National des Calanques : de la prise en compte de la longue durée et des enjeux territoriaux exogènes pour une régulation optimale S. Depraz, A.Rees-­‐Catalan, A. Salina-­‐Rojas, E.Sanial (Université Lyon 3) Déclasser pour mieux protéger? La relation faussée d'une ville à son parc autour du Nevado de Toluca (Mexique) (10h15-­‐10h30) Coffee Break A. Keane (Sydney University) Protecting Natural World Heritage Areas in Australian Urban Areas: The Complexities Associated with a Federal Nation M. Ducrocq (Agence des Parcs Nationaux du Gabon) L’Arc d’Emeraude: retour d’expérience sur le réseau d’aires protégées qui ceinture la capitale Libreville. 12h00-­‐13h30 Lunch 13h30-­‐14h45 Round Table #3 -­‐ Urban National Parks as Pedagogical Tools? Introduction: Rafael Soares,* Université Pontificale de Rio de Janeiro, & Nadia Belaidi,* CNRS Stéphane Hanrot, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Marseille Limites ville/nature, une exploration à partir de la pédagogie du projet architectural et urbain aux frontières du Parc National des Calanques Florence Sarano, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Marseille Cohabiter dans l’archipel des îles d’Hyères (Porquerolles, Port Cros, Le Levant) L’atelier des horizons possibles Vikas Gupta, Director, Sanjay Gandhi National Park (Mumbai) Education and the national park of Mumbai 14h45-­‐15h00 Break 15h00-­‐16h45 Round Table #4 -­‐ Possible Futures: what might the urban and park maps resemble 20 years from now ? Introduction: Louise Bruno, Institut Libertas, UPA Network, IUCN/WCPA Urban Specialist Group Presentations Maxime Prodomides, President (Social, Economic & Culture Council, Port Cros National Park) La charte du parc national de Port-­‐Cros : construction d’un territoire David Nkedianye, Governor (Kajiado County) & Julius Cheptei, Ass’t Director (KWS) Possible futures for Kajiado County, Nairobi National Park, and its namesake city Belinda Walker, Councilor (Cape Town), & Norman Johnson, Regional Manager (SANParks) Possible futures for Cape Town and the Table Mountain National Park Discussants Bernardo Issa, ICMBio Focal Point for Brasilia; past Director,Tijuca Nat’l Park (Rio de Janeiro) Rais Sheikh, Ward Corporator, City of Mumbai 6 16h45-­‐ 17h15 Reports from the Parallel Sessions 17h15-­‐ 17h45 – Closing Remarks and Announcements 19 September 2015 The final day of BiodiverCities 2015 consists of a field trip (subject to separate registration). This technical visit is designed to offer a balanced, holistic and first-­‐hand perspective on the challenges of an urban protected area, the Calanques National Park, as seen from both land and sea. The first part of our day will consist of a curated walking visit from Luminy to the Sugiton lookout. In the afternoon, we will continue our visit by boat, observing the coastline of the Calanques. Detailed Field Trip Schedule 8h45 Convene at the « Miroir Ombrière » in the Vieux-­‐Port (Old Port) of Marseille. 9h00 Collective departure to Luminy by public transportation. 10h00-­‐12h00 Guided walk in the Calanques to the Sugiton lookout. 12h00-­‐14h00 Lunch (provided) at the Luminy campus of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Architecture de Marseille. Student work on the theme of « urban nature » will be on display. 14h00 Return to the Vieux-­‐Port by public transportation. 15h00 Departure for the maritime visit of Calanques. 17h30 Return to the Vieux-­‐Port, conclusion of the visit. 7 PARTNERS Agence Nationale de la Recherche Agence Régionale pour l’Environnement PACA Centre d’Etudes de l’Inde et de l’Asie du Sud ECCOREV City of Cape Town, South Africa Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture-­‐Marseille Forest Department, India Inst. Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brésil Institut de Recherche pour le Développement – IRD Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale -­‐ IMBE Institut Libertas -­‐ UPA Network IUCN-­‐WCPA Urban Specialist Group Kajiado County, Kenya Laboratoire "Population Environnement Développement", IRD LAVUE (UMR 7218) Mairie de Marseille Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, India Observatoire Hommes-­‐Milieux "Littoral méditerranéen" Parc National des Calanques Parc National de Port Cros Programme ANR UNPEC TELEMME (UMR 7303) Théâtre du Centaure Université d’Aix-­‐Marseille Université de Lyon 2 Université de Lyon 3 Université Paris Ouest-­‐Nanterre-­‐La Défense 8