Case of Douala

VILLE DE DOUALA
B.P. : 43 Douala
Téléphone 33 42 18 50
UNIVERSITE DE YAOUNDE I
COMMUNAUTE URBAINE DE DOUALA
CLUVA WORKSHOP
Urban Participatory Climate Change
Adaptation Appraisal Methodology, Social
Vulnerability, Institutions and Governance
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT :
CASE OF DOUALA
CLUVA Workshop
UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th December 2011 – Roger TCHANGANG
COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
DE DOUALA
SOMMAIRE
I. Presentation of Douala city
II. Main natural hazards and their major causes
in Douala area
I.
II.
Floods
Landslide, gullies and soil erosion
III. Some notable floods in Douala
IV. Drivers of social vulnerability in Douala
V. Overview of local governance
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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I. PRESENTATION OF DOUALA CITY
 Douala is the largest city in
Cameroon and the capital of
Cameroon's Littoral Region
 The city is located on the banks
of the Wouri River, at 30 km from
the Atlantic Ocean. The two sides
linked by Bonaberi Bridge.
 4000 mm yearly average rainfall
Yearly average rainy days : 180
days (heavy season : june-sept)
 Total area of about 300 km² with
a flat relief in general
 2,400,000 inhabitants
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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II. MAIN NATURAL HAZARDS AND THEIR MAJOR
COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
DE DOUALA
CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA
II.1. Floods
 Bed overflow of streams in the
lowlands and valleys with flat
bottoms, related to the
anarchic occupation of urban
space ;
 Difficulty of stormwater
drainage due to clogging
gutters in urbanized
perimeters and high rate of
waterproof area.
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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II. NATURAL HAZARDS AND THE MAJOR
CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA (2)
II.1. Floods (2)
 Obsolescence of drainage
works
Non-regular cleaning of drains
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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DE DOUALA
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
DE DOUALA
II. NATURAL HAZARDS AND THE MAJOR
CAUSES IN DOUALA AREA (3)
II.2.Landslides, Gullies and soil
erosions
Anthropogenic pressures,
 topography
 soil geological characteristics ,
 rainfall
Discharge of industrial wastewater.
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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III. SOME NOTABLE FLOODS IN DOUALA
Month an year
July1990
DOUALA II (Nkolmitag , PK 5)
August 1993
09.08 2009 - Météo
Districts of the main areas flooded
DOUALA II et III (Tergal, Nkolmitag,
Brazzaville, New Bell, Dibom, Soboum,
Bilongué, Madagascar)
June & July 1996
DOUALA II, III, IV et V
August 1998
DOUALA II, III et V
2 et 3 August 2000
DOUALA I, II, III, IV et V
2002
DOUALA II, III, IV et V
09 August 2009
DOUALA I et V (Akwa, Bonapriso,
Bonanjo, Bali, Cité des palmiers).
2010
DOUALA II, III, IV et V
22 july
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
DE DOUALA
III. SOME NOTABLE FLOODS IN DOUALA (2)
Bonapriso flooding (“Météo” area ) : 9th August 2009
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
DE DOUALA
IV.1
IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN
DOUALA
Demography
 2 400 000 inhbts,
 80% of the urban population of
the littoral region live in Douala.
 Strong population growth (4.87%
in 2005)
IV.2 Urbanization
Development plan exceeded
• Extension of the urban area
outside the administrative
boundaries (300 km ²) ;
• uncontrolled occupation
• Occupation of risk areas
Densification of the population in non aedificandi areas whithin the most
exposed districts to natural hazards
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN
DOUALA (2)
IV.4 Revenue, living conditions and poverty rates
HDI: 0.5 in 2007 (153rd / 182) ;
Poverty rate: 5.5% (among the
lowest in Cameroon in 2007);
Rate decreasing since 1996
(Threshold: 269 443 FCFA / eq. Adult
/ year).
Decrease of the poverty rate in
urban development VS development
of low salaries jobs in the informal
sector.
 71% of the population of working
age are active (80% M / 60% W).
 74% of jobs are provided by the
informal sector;
 36% of formal jobs provided by the
national private sector are based in
Douala ;
 Unemployment is estimated at
16.2% for the 15-64 years (10.1% for
men and 23.5% for women).
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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IV. DRIVERS OF SOCIAL VULNERABILITY IN
DOUALA (2)
IV.6. Roads
1800 km of road, only 470 paved (26%) of which 150 km
represents the structuring network road.
 Weakly meshed network: deficient secondary and tertiary network
roads ;
 Highways obsolete and severely damaged causing traffic jams ;
Limited financial resources of CUD and lack of maintenance
strategy ;
 Limited ability to intervene in case of occurrence of a disaster.
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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IV. FACTEURS STRUCTURELS DE LA
VULNERABILITE SOCIALE (suite)
IV.7. Housing
Most homes have walls and
floors made ​of concrete .
 29% of homes are made of
wood “ Carabott” (wood
assembled horizontally) ;
 The majority of households
have ‘improved” sanitation
facilities (latrines equipped).
 34.4% of homes have one
bedroom,
 46.5% of homes have 2 to
3 bedrooms ;
 19.1% have 4 bedrooms and
more.).
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
DE DOUALA
ZONES A RISQUES
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW
V.1. DOUAL CITY COUNCIL (CUD)
 Decentralized public authority and a legal entity created by
the decree of September 24, 1987 N° 87/1366, with a legal
personality and financial autonomy;
 Under the authority of the Government Delegate
appointed by a presidential Decree,
 Operates under the supervision of the State representative
, the council is in charge of local affairs for economic, social
and cultural development of its population ;
 mainly concerned with the proper operation of all
community facilities of the city
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW
V.2. Operating mechanism
The CUD covers an area divided into six district municipalities (CA),
which the sixth is insular
CUD has a municipal council
acting as the deliberative organ .
 Its members are drawn from the
councils of the six CA ;
Each CA also has a municipal
Council ;
 The elected Councillors represent
their people,
 They are involved in the decision
making process regarding the
investments politics and the
campaign plan to be implemented
by the government delegate
 They defend their populations
interests through the power of
validation they have on the adoption
of the campaign plan and communal
activities.
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2)
V.2. Operating mechanism (2)
Improvement of local
governance system: the
government delegate instituted a
Platform for collaboration CUD-CA
mayors ;
 The main target is to harmonize
interventions in the city between
the CUD and the CA and discuss
permanently on some particular
social issues
Implementation of a proximity
policy through the participatory
approach:
 Public consultation as part of
various ongoing studies within the
CUD ;
 Permanent sensitization of social
actors, prior to any development work
starts in the city in general and road
maintenance, stream drainage in
particular..
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
DE DOUALA
V.3.
V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2)
What’s going on and next?
Almost six years ago,
the CUD undertook a
yearly campaign aiming
at :
cleaning gutters and
all the drains of Douala,
clearing off the
population located on
the bed and
neighborhood of some
drains, and gutters.
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
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V. LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM OVERVIEW (2)
V.3.
What’s going on and next?
Many projects are currently underway, as every years,
for Rehabilitation and maintenance of roads,
 Several studies are completed and other ongoing to
improve governance by providing the CUD moderns
urban planning tools : CDS PDU, PDU-POS, AGENDA 21,
SDA, etc. ..
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Plan de Directeur d’Urbanisme de Douala Programmation,
nov 2009
Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Stratégie de développement de la ville de Douala (CDS),
2009
Communauté Urbaine de Douala, Plan de Déplacement Urbain - 2010
COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE DE DOUALA, ETUDE DU SCHÉMA DIRECTEUR D’ASSAINISSEMENT DE LA VILLE DE
DOUALA ET MAÎTRISE D’ŒUVRE D’UNE TRANCHE PRIORITAIRE DES TRAVAUX (RAPPORT DÉFINITIF PHASE
1), NOVEMBRE 2011.
RGPH 3 (Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitat ) (2005) dont les résultats ont été
publiés fin 2010, et RGPH1 (1976) et RGPH2 (1987)
ECAM (Enquête camerounaise auprès des Ménages)1,2 et 3 (2000-2007),
EESI (Enquête sur l’Emploi et le Secteur Informel) (2005) et
CAVIE (Enquête sur le Cadre de Vie) (2002) menées par l’INS
Personnes consultées : Jean YANGO (CUD), Dr BAHA (UD) , OLINGA (UD), DOMBOR (UD),
METEKE Aymard and Christine MOUDIKI (CUD).
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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COMMUNAUTÉ URBAINE
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Thank you for your kind attention
CLUVA Workshop UFZ, Leipzig 5th to 9th 2011 - Roger TCHANGANG
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