BUS DE TERRAIN

ENOCEAN
ENOCEAN :
Communication sans
fil et sans batterie
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ENOCEAN : présentation
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ENOCEAN : comparatif
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ENOCEAN : pourquoi ?
Modules radio fréquence très innovants, pour le control, la commande de
Systèmes :
• transmetteurs radio sans batteries : l’énergie nécessaire à la transmission
est de : 50 µWs, correspondant à une chute d’une masse de 1 gramme, d’une
hauteur de 5 mm,
• Émetteurs et récepteurs standards : facilite l’intégration,
• Grande étendue de transmission : jusqu’à 300m en champ libre (30 m en espace clos)
• Très faible rayonnement : 1 million de fois plus faible qu’un téléphone portable,
• Signal transmis optimisé, permet l’utilisation de centaine de capteurs ( le temps de
transmission est au maximum de : 3 ms,
• fiable, vis-à-vis des perturbations externes : utilise une bande de fréquence approuvée
pour des signaux impulsionnels, répétition du signal radio,
• émetteurs préalablement adressés : capacité de 4 milliards d’adresse distinctes, fixes
mais facilement identifiables ( activation émetteur).
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ENOCEAN : caractéristiques
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ENOCEAN : principe
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ENOCEAN : implémentation
Toute sorte de fonctions peuvent être implantées, sans effort, en utilisant
un atelier logiciel prévu à cet effet, qui permet également, par des
connexions passerelles : DALI, EIB/KNX ou Ethernet, un accès à distance
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ENOCEAN : encapsulation
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ENOCEAN : avantages et énergie
Les apports énergétiques
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ENOCEAN : Equipement Profil
EnOcean Equipment Profiles
Interoperability Final Version
EEP Specification 3/46
V2.0 – 21 July 2009 TTG
Ce document définit la communication d’entités ENOCEAN, correspondant à leur couche application :
- EnOcean Air Interface : couches physique et liaison,
- Repeating and Routing : couches réseau et transport,
- encapsulation and encryption : couche présentation.
Il est essentiel de comprendre que la communication sur la couche application doit être guidée par
la définition basique, de la technologie sans fil EnOcean :
- les entités EnOcean sont auto alimentées, par la conversion d’une énergie mécanique (appui sur
bouton) en énergie électrique (radio électrique),
- l’efficacité énergétique, durant la transmission radio est d’une tres grande importance,
- la durée de la transmission affecte directement la robustesse de la communication,
- les entités interopérables, EnoCean doivent être assignées (adressées) en fonction des différents
« Equipement Profil ». Une telle déclaration est effectuée par le constructeur, avant d’être
commercialisée et bien sure doit être en conformité avec les spécifications de : « EnOcean Alliance »
INTRODUCTION
• energy efficiency during radio reception and transmission is of key importance
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ENOCEAN : EEP (EnOcean Equipement Profil)
L’EEP (EnOcean Equipment Profile) est un identificateur unique qui décrit la
fonctionnalité de l’entité EnOcean, indépendamment du vendeur
(constructeur).
L’EEP est définit de la façon suivante :
ORG – FUNC – TYPE Ranges:
ORG 0x00 … 0xFF
FUNC 0x00 … 0x3F
TYPE 0x00 … 0x7F
Ou le champ : ORG, identifie le mode de communication utilisé :1BS, 4BS, …
Ou le champ : FUNC, identifie la fonctionnalité de l’entité,
Ou le champ : TYPE, donne des spécificités fonctionnelles de l’entité.
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ENOCEAN : télégramme
Les valeurs couramment définies de : ORG
0x05
RPS
0x06
1BS
0x07
4BS
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ENOCEAN : RPS => org : 0x05
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ENOCEAN : profil RPS (NU = 0)
Profile Light Switch
RID (2 bits) : Rocker ID : valeur décimale : 0,1,2 et 3
UD (1 bit) :
UD = 1 => 0-bouton, UD = 0 => 1-bouton
PR (1 bit) :
PR = 1 => bouton pressé, PR = 0 => bouton relaché
SRID (2 bits) :
SUD (1 bit) :
SA (1 bit) :
Second Rocker ID : valeur décimale : 0,1,2 et 3
SUD = 1 => 0-bouton, SUD = 0 => 1-bouton
SA = 1 => 2nd action (2 boutons simultanés),
SA = 0 => pas de 2nd action
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ENOCEAN : profil RPS (NU = 1)
BUTTONS (3 bits) :
codage jusqu’à 8 boutons
PR (1 bit) : PR = 1 => bouton pressé, PR = 0 => bouton relâché
Reserved (4 bits) :
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pour utilisation ultérieure, par défaut à : 0
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ENOCEAN : 1BS => org : 0x06
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ENOCEAN : 4BS => org : 0x07
4BS : origine :
Dans l’objectif de savoir communiquer entre capteurs / actionneurs de
différents constructeurs, il a été établi un standard pour la procédure
d’auto apprentissage et d’échange de données.
Le récepteur a besoin de savoir d’où vient le message entrant (quel émetteur ?).
Pour avoir un télégramme le plus court possible, l’émetteur informe le récepteur
durant la phase d’auto apprentissage de ses caractéristiques.
Pendant cette phase, l’émetteur va communiquer avec un télégramme « EnOcean
4BS », ce télégramme contient : le profile, le type d’entité et l’identificateur
constructeur . Un bit est mis à « 1 » pour signaler cette forme (4BS) de télégramme,
6 bits pour le profile, 7 bits pour le type et 11 bits pour l’identificateur.
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ENOCEAN : 4BS, teach-in procedure
Le bit LRN (DB_0.Bit_3) doit être mis à “0” pour signaler une procedure
d’auto apprentissage (Teach-In).
Le bit LRN Type (DB_0.BIT_7) signal que le telegramme contient, soit les
données (ID, profile et type) ou des données standard, de la 1ière génération
de produits EnOcean, (LRN Type =”0”).
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ENOCEAN : oui !
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ENOCEAN : récapitulatif
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ENOCEAN : rappel
Energy Bow / Power
Generator
Converts pressure on the
energy bow into electrical
energy.
Power Converter
Electronic converter unit for
generating the device DC
power supply
Processor
Converts the contact nipples’
status and pushed/released
data from the power generator
into a reliable and energyefficient serial telegram
structure.
HF transmitter
Sends the data in the form of
a series of short radio signals.
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ENOCEAN : U et N message
Radio signals of the PTM 200 device are event-controlled (energy bow is pressed/released)
with contact nipple code (channel/state) and unique device identification (fixed 32-bit ID).
When operating more than one nipple at the same time, note that PTM 200 sends multiplebutton
code combinations (switch device of Type 2, unlike PTM 100):
􀂃 N-message: One or two contact nipples have been pressed when activating
the energy generator 􀂃 Message with nipple code and pressed/released event status
of the energy bow is sent.
􀂃 U-message: No contact nipple was pressed when activating the energy generator,
or 3 or 4 nipples have been pressed 􀃆 Message with pressed/released event
status of the energy bow is sent and the information if either none or more than two
nipples have been pressed. Note that it can’t be differentiated if 3 or if 4 nipples
have been pressed.
Due to the mechanical hysteresis of the energy bow, in most rocker switch device
implementations, pressing the rocker sends an N-message and releasing the
rocker sends a U-message!
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ENOCEAN : fréquence (868,3 MHz)
PTM 200 Radio Telegram
For the transmission of the telemetric signals, EnOcean has defined a new dynamic radio
data telegram that is adapted to the individual application. It is optimized to the essential
features of energy autarkic radio sensors:
􀂃 Minimal energy demand
􀂃 Possibility of operating hundred of senders within the same radio cell
􀂃 Maximum transmission reliability
􀂃 Wide transmission range
􀂃 Easy extensibility
􀂃 Suitable for uni- and bi-directional communication
􀂃 Flexibility for adaptation of different data structures and data quantities
􀂃 Data encryption option
2.3.1 Frequency range
The EnOcean technology operates the 868.3 MHz radio channel (868.0 – 868.6 MHz), which
is exclusively released for short-time data transmission in Europe. Timing conditions can be
found in chapter 3.5 of this paper.
Because of the very low radiated field strength on average, the 868.3 MHz EnOcean radio
technology can be operated in the USA and in Canada. Timing conditions can be found in
chapter 3.6 of this paper.
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ENOCEAN : modulation (ASK)
2.3.2 Modulation process
As modulation process, EnOcean uses incoherent amplitude modulation (ASK). Digital amplitude
modulation enables the implementation of very efficient energy-saving transmitters
because only the “1”-bits are transferred. At the same interference signal level, the transmission
security of the alternative FSK method is identical to that of the ASK method (Reference:
Pehl, Digitale und analoge Nachrichtenübertragung, Hüthig 2001).
2.3.3 Transmission timing
The transmission timing of the radio device PTM 200 has been developed to avoid possible
collisions with data packages of other EnOcean transmitters as well as disturbances from
the environment.
With each transmission cycle, at least three identical subtelegrams are transmitted. The
transmission of a subtelegram lasts approximately 0.7 ms. To optimize data security, each
telegram is repeated twice within about 20 ms, whereas the delay between the second and
the third transmission burst is effected at random. If some residual energy is available after
transmission of three subtelegrams, up to 2 further subtelegrams are sent.
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ENOCEAN : message court
2.3.4 Reliable radio transmission within systems operating many sensors
The very short telegrams of EnOcean transmitters enable the operating of a large
number
of senders within the same radio cell; the error rate caused by telegram collisions
remains
extremely low. Statistically viewed, the transmission reliability is still greater than 99.99%
in the case of 100 radio sensors that transmit once every minute. This means that even
large office buildings and also huge industrial facilities can be equipped with a large
number
of sensors of this kind of radio technology.
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ENOCEAN : + de 100 émetteurs
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ENOCEAN : 1% duty cycle / h
The RCM 120 Receiver Device of EnOcean enables standard
asynchronous communication
to a microcontroller or personal computer with a decompressed and simple
data structure
(9600bps, 1 start bit, 8-bit data byte with LSB first, 1 stop bit).
If transmitters are used according to the regulations of the 868.3 MHz band, a so-called
“Duty Cycle” of 1% per hour for each transmitter must not be exceeded. Permanent
transmitters
such as radio earphones are not allowed. For conventional applications, it must be
ensured that the PTM 200 radio device is not operated more than 6000 times within
one hour (one operation: energy bow is pressed and released). Within this
calculation, the
extraordinary short telegram length is considered including three subtelegrams (see
Chapter
2.3.3). Also a tolerance of 5% in the telegram length is included.
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ENOCEAN : 300 m sans batterie
Batteryless wireless transmitter modules – 300 meters range and absolutely
maintenance free
EnOcean has developed a wireless sensor technology that detects control commands or
measurement data without any external power source or batteries in the sensor unit.
Embedded EnOcean radios transmit some 300 meters in a free field, the length of three
soccer fields. A wireless sensor is operated by the smallest amount of ambient energy.
About 50 microjoules per action are sufficient, comparable to lifting 1 gram by 5 mm.
Pressing the button of a TV remote control takes a multiple of this. A tiny magnet and coil
system produces an electric voltage from finger pressure, for example, similar to the way
power is generated by a dynamo for a bicycle light.
Vibration can be converted into electric energy by using piezoelectric crystals. When the
crystal is flexed, energy is generated. Small solar cells, like those in calculators, can also
power a wireless sensor from EnOcean. A small energy accumulator (Goldcap),
recharged during just one or two hours of light, sustains the operation overnight. A
thermal converter, currently under development, makes use of temperature differences to
generate voltage.
Three to four degrees are sufficient for transmission, less than the difference in
temperature between the air in a room and the surface of warm radiators or machine
parts. These are just a few examples of highly efficient, micro energy converters already
marketed by EnOcean or in the process of development.
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ENOCEAN : sécurité de transmission
Secure data transmission – even with hundreds of transmitters
EnOcean radios are low energy but not low power. Energy is the product of
power multiplied by time. The transmitting power determines the wireless
range, so there must be no savings here. EnOcean technology must
consequently be extremely fast. The duration of a typical EnOcean radio
telegram is less than one thousandth of a second. The microcontroller, the
measurement circuitry and the RF transmitter of the wireless sensor are driven
for just a few thousandths of a second per action Sensor elements connected
to the controller A/D converter deliver data that, provided with an identification
number and a checksum, are sent by the RF transmitter as a digital data
telegram. Energy store and sleep timer are parts of the wireless sensor that
need continuous supply. These circuitry parts are effectively optimised for
power consumption of some nanoamperes only, making it possible to operate
them on tiny amounts of harvested ambient energy.
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ENOCEAN : collisions ?
Low collision risk through extremely short radio telegrams
The transmission medium of wireless is of course the air, which has to be used
by all wireless transmitters alike. When a number of transmitters is operating
on the same frequency, there is always the risk that two data telegrams are
transferred simultaneously, and that the information they carry is destroyed
through collision. The collision probability of EnOcean radio telegrams is
extremely slight because the signals are so short.
In addition, the telegrams are sent repeatedly within a few milliseconds and
randomly offset from one another in time. So, hundreds of wireless sensors
successfully coexist.
Each sensor is programmed with a unique 32 bit address that is transferred
with each radio telegram. More than four billion transmitters can be
distinguished from one another.
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ENOCEAN : communication écologique
Ecological – no battery disposal and less radiation energy than conventional light switches
In addition to the ecological impacts of battery use, i.e. disposal, a frequent argument used against
wireless technologies is the radiation they produce. This is where the extremely short transmission
times of EnOcean radio present a further substantial advantage.
The prestigious ECOLOG Institute examined low-power wireless light switches using EnOcean
technology. The result is surprising – the radiation given off by an EnOcean wireless switch is much
less than that of a conventional wired switch. And why? The operation of a conventional switch
produces a breakaway spark, in other words, a broadband radiation pulse directly on the switch. This
disintegrates after traveling a short distance. However, it nearly always hits the person at the switch.
When a wireless switch with low-power electronic circuitry is operated, no breakaway spark is
produced. Instead a relatively low-powered wireless signal is sent to a receiver for a thousandth of a
second. The current is switched on at the receiver, which is nearly always a few metres away from
the person, and the broadband radiation pulse (electrosmog) thus dissolves in the air. There is much
less cabling in the wall, so lowfrequency 50/60 Hz radiation is also reduced. EnOcean wireless
modules are all manufactured in line with the new European RoHS directive, forbidding the use of
hazardous substances in electrical and electronic devices.
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ENOCEAN : démonstration faite !
EnOcean wireless is proven on a large scale
With more than 150,000 wireless modules already sold, and primarily installed
in buildings, the practical benefits of batteryless wireless EnOcean technology
in building engineering are clearly demonstrated. Currently more than 50
industrial customers offer hundreds of end-products on the market with
integrated EnOcean wireless modules. They are serving key applications like
lighting, blinds and HVAC control. Numerous gateways allow integration into
all common bus systems thus linking to automation engineering. Universal
switch inserts are available to match the ranges of nearly all established
producers of installation material, with more to follow soon for both European
and US designs.
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ENOCEAN : répétition
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ENOCEAN : modulation ASK
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ENOCEAN : en bref
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