Réseau rural français

Transcription

Réseau rural français
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
"!#$%&'&()*+! ,-.//)*&%! *'! ,*!
0.&1'&*1!,*+!#$#)%.'&$1+!2!
!"#$%$&'()*+(*#,-./$%.%*0"11(*#(2$(3*
0"4%3$/'.4%*5*#,6#./"3.%$"4*+(*7"#$%$&'()*
+,.00'($#*(%*+(*1.$4%$(4*+(*7"7'#.%$"4)**
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
www.reseaurural.fr
www.habitatdeveloppement.fr
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!"##$%&'(
!
!
!
!
!)*+,-!-(
.(
/-(0/1*(/231/(456781*9!:-(
.(
#$!%&'()*+,-!
"$!/(0&-!&'1,-)-23(4&-!
.$!6-7!%68!-2!9&(2:-!-3!-2!)4,4-+!&+&(,!
5$!%,(2!,<:(,!0-!,=+&*(247)->!?<,434@+-7!0=(::+-4,!-3!0-!)(4234-2!0-!?<?+,(34<27!
(
.!
5!
;!
#.!
(
/-(072;71::-(/231/(4-(/5,189+1+(
<=(
#$!%&'()*+,-!
"$!/(0&-!&'1,-)-23(4&-!
.$!6-7!?&<1&())-7!,<:(+B!0-!,=C(*43(3!-2!9&(2:-!-3!-2!)4,4-+!&+&(,!
5$!%&<1&())-!,<:(,!0-!,=C(*43(3>!?<,434@+-7!0=(::+-4,!-3!0-!)(4234-2!0-!?<?+,(34<27!
#A!
#A!
"#!
"5!
1**->-!(
?@(
(
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
(
"!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!ABCDEF'(
!
!
!
D(27! ,-! :(0&-! 0+! 1&<+?-! E!F::+-4,! -3! G(4234-2! 0-7! ?<?+,(34<27!H! 0+! I'7-(+! I+&(,! 9&(2J(47>! K(*43(3! L!
D'M-,<??-)-23>! N<&3! 0-! 7<2! -B?'&4-2:-! C(*43(3! -2! )4,4-+! &+&(,>! (! 7<+C(43'! '3+04'! ,-! ,4-2! 'M-23+-,! -23&-! ,(!
)47-! -2! ?,(:-! 0=+2-! ?<,434@+-! C(*43(3! -3O<+! 0=+&*(247)-! -3! ,=',(*<&(34<2! 0-! ?<,434@+-7! 0=(::+-4,! -3! 0-!
)(4234-2!0-7!?<?+,(34<27$!
!
%<+&!:-,(>!3<+3!(+!,<21!0-!,=(22'-!"P##>!2<+7!(M<27!7+4M4!,=',(*<&(34<2!0-!%,(27!6<:(+B!0-!,=8&*(247)-!Q%68R!
-3!0-!%&<1&())-7!6<:(+B!0-!,=K(*43(3!Q%6KR!7+&!0-7!3-&&43<4&-7!&+&(+B!S!
- T,(*<&(34<2!0+!#-&!%68!0-!,(!:<))+2-!0-!U3!V&(2:C-&!QW;R>!
- X&(27N<&)(34<2!0-!%YU!-2!%68!0-!,(!:<))+2-!0-!Z(,(0[!Q#"R>!
- I'M474<2!0+!%68!0-!,(!:<))+2-!0-!6(!/&<4B!U(423!6-+N&<[!Q"AR>!
- I'M474<2!-3!&'(,47(34<2!0+!%68!\&-2-,,-!]]!0-!,(!:<))+2-!0-!Z(:@+-[&(7!QW5R>!
- T,(*<&(34<2!0+!#-&!%6K!0-!,(!/<))+2(+3'!0-!/<))+2-7!0-!V(,)-7!D(+?C42<47-7!Q.WR>!
- I'M474<2!0+!%6K!0-!,(!/<))+2(+3'!0-!/<))+2-7!0+!/(23<2!0-!,(!I<:C-7-&M4^&-!QW_R$!
!
D-!)(24^&-!3&(27M-&7(,->!2<+7!(M<27!N(437!,-7!:<273(37!7+4M(237!S!
- U4!,-7!%68!:<))-2:-23!`!a3&-!*4-2!0'M-,<??'7!-2!)4,4-+!&+&(,>!,-7!%6K!,-!7<23!*-(+:<+?!)<427$!D-!
)a)-!@+-!,=423-&:<))+2(,43'>!0(27!7<2!(??,4:(34<2!<?'&(34<22-,,-!Q',(*<&(34<2!-3!1-734<2!0-!?&<b-37!
423-&:<))+2(+BR>!!
- 6(!0')(&:C-!1,<*(,-!-3!3&(27M-&7(,-!0-!?&<b-3!0-!3-&&43<4&-!`!)<[-2!-3!,<21!3-&)-7!&-73-!-2:<&-!?-+!
?&(34@+'-! ?(&! ,-7! ',+7>! @+4! N&(1)-23-23! *-(+:<+?! ,-+&7! ?<,434@+-7>! 3(23! ?(&! 3C')(34@+-! Q-)?,<4>!
,<1-)-23>!?(3&4)<42->!7<:4(,>!-3:$R!@+-!?(&!<+34,7!Q%68>!U/YX>!%6K>!cF/>!-3:$R>!
- U4!(::+-4,,4&!0-7!2<+M-(+B!C(*43(237!-3!)(423-24&!,-7!?<?+,(34<27!-2!?,(:-7!7<23!0-7!?&'<::+?(34<27!
N<&3-7>! 7?<23(2')-23! :43'-7! ?(&! ,-7! ',+7>! ,=',(*<&(34<2! 0-! ?<,434@+-7! <+! 0-! 73&(3'14-7! M47(23! :-7!
<*b-:34N7!2=-73!?(7!-2M47(1'-!-2!3(23!@+-!3-,,-7>!
- 6-! &'7-(+! &+&(,! 2(34<2(,! :<))-! ,-7! &'7-(+B! &+&(+B! &'14<2(+B! 2-! 7<23! ?(7! :<22+7! 0-7! ',+7! -3! 0-7!
3-&&43<4&-7!@+-!2<+7!(M<27!&-2:<23&'7$!
!
U+&! ,-7! d! 3-&&43<4&-7! '3+04'7>! ,=',(*<&(34<2! 0=+2! %&<1&())-! 6<:(,! 0-! ,=K(*43(3! Q%6KR! <+! 0=+2! %,(2! 6<:(,! 0-!
,=+&*(247)-! Q%68R! 2-! M(! ?(7! -2:,-2:C-&! 0(27! +2! N+3+&! ?&<:C-! ,(! 0'N42434<2! 0=+2-! ?<,434@+-! 0=(::+-4,! <+! 0-!
)(4234-2!0-7!?<?+,(34<27$!
!
%<+&3(23>!7<+M-23>!?,+74-+&7!<&4-23(34<27!-3!(:34<27!7<23!:,(4&-)-23!)47-7!-2!?,(:-!0(27!:-7!0<:+)-237!(N42!
0=(::+-4,,4&! <+! 0-! )(423-24&! 0-7! C(*43(237$! 6(! )'3C<0-! 0+! ?<423! 0='@+4,4*&->! 0'M-,<??'-! 0(27! ,-7! %6K>!
:C-&:C-! ?<+&! :-,(! `! *4-2! :(,4*&-&! ,-7! *-7<427! 0-7! C(*43(237! (:3+-,7! -3! `! 'M(,+-&! ,-7! *-7<427! ?<3-234-,7! 0-!
N+3+&7!)'2(1-7$!
!
F+774>!,-!%68!:<))-!,-!%6K!?-&)-33-23!7+&3<+3!(+!3-&&43<4&-!0-!?&-20&-!,-!3-)?7!0=+2-!&'N,-B4<2!:<2:-&3'-$!
],7! ?-&)-33-23! 0=',(*<&-&! +2! ?&<b-3! 0-! 3-&&43<4&-! -3! 0'3-&)42-&! 0-7! (:34<27! :<<&0<22'-7! K(*43(3! L!
8&*(247)-$!6-7!',+7![!N<23!0-7!:C<4B!?<+&!,-!N+3+&!0'M-,<??-)-23!0-!,-+&!3-&&43<4&->!2<3())-23!-2!3-&)-!0-!
:(?(:43'7!0=(::+-4,$!
!
I'?<20&-!(+B!*-7<427!0-7!C(*43(237!0+!3-&&43<4&-!-3!?-&)-33&-!`!:-,+4e:4!0-!7-!&-2<+M-,-&!-2!(::+-4,,(23!0-!
2<+M-(+B! )'2(1-7! 7<23! 0-7! <*b-:34N7! :,(4&-)-23! 40-234N4-&! ?(&! ,-7! ',+7! @+-! J(! 7<43! `! ,=<::(74<2! 0-7! %6K! <+!
0-7!%68$!
!
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
.!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
/'(0G$B(/"H$G(I56&J$B%F#'!
!
!
<K 0&L$#JMG'(
%<+&!(2(,[7-&!,=4)?(:3!?<3-234-,!0-7!%,(27!6<:(+B!0=8&*(247)-!7+&!,=(::+-4,!-3!,-!)(4234-2!0-7!?<?+,(34<27!
-2!)4,4-+!&+&(,>!@+(3&-!3-&&43<4&-7!<23!'3'!<*7-&M'7!S!
N$G$IA>!:<))+2-!(M-[&<22(47-!0-!#$_PP!C(*43(237>!743+'-!`!)4e:C-)42!-23&-!I<0-f!-3!D-:(f-M4,,->!?<77'0-!
0-?+47! #;Wd! +2! %,(2! 0=Y::+?(34<2! 0-7! U<,7! Q%YUR$! T2! "PPW>! 7(! 2<+M-,,-! &'M474<2! -23&(42-! ,(! )47-! -2! ?,(:-!
0=+2!%,(2!6<:(,!0-!,=8&*(247)-!Q%68R!@+4!7-!7+*7343+-!(,<&7!(+!%YU$!!
/-!2<+M-(+!0<:+)-23!0=+&*(247)-!-73!)47!-2!?,(:-!0(27!+2!:<23-B3-!0-!0'M-,<??-)-23!4)?<&3(23!0(27!,(!
:<))+2-$!],!0<43!?-&)-33&-!0-!)(g3&47-&!:-33-!+&*(247(34<2!-2!)-33(23!-2!?,(:-!+2-!+34,47(34<2!':<2<)-!0-!
,=-7?(:-! -3! -2! ?&<3'1-(23! ,=(:34M43'! (1&4:<,->! M434:<,-! -3! ,-7! ?([7(1-7>! ,(! @+(,43'! (&:C43-:3+&(,-! 0-7! *<+&17! -3!
C()-(+B$!!
!
h! /$( 3&"%O( !$%BC( /'MP&"A! 0(27! ,=T+&->! ,-! %68! <*7-&M'! M4-23! '1(,-)-23! -2! 7+*7343+34<2! 0-! ,=(2:4-2! %YU!
Q0(3(23!0-!#;W"R$!6=<*b-:34N!0-!:-33-!&'M474<2!-73!0=(0(?3-&!,-!0<:+)-23!(+B!'M<,+34<27!0-7!,<47!U<,40(&43'!-3!
I-2<+M-,,-)-23!8&*(42!QUI8R!-3!8&*(247)-!-3!K(*43(3$!],!7=(143!'1(,-)-23!0-!0'N424&!?<+&!,(!:<))+2->!+2!
2<+M-(+!?&<b-3!0-!0'M-,<??-)-23!?<+&!,-7!(22'-7!`!M-24&>!?+47@+-!0-?+47!#;;P>!,(!?<?+,(34<2!7=-73!(::&+-!
0-!?,+7!0-!5P!i!?<+&!(33-420&-!?&-7@+-!#$#PP!C(*43(23!(+b<+&0=C+4$!
6(!M4,,-!(!*-7<42!0=+2!+&*(247)-!&^1,-)-23(4&-!?,+7!-2:(0&(23!@+4!?-&)-33&(!0=(33-420&-!,-7!#$_PP!C(*43(237!
-3!0-!1(&(234&!,-!)(4234-2!0-7!:<))-&:-7!-3!,-7!7-&M4:-7$!!
!
!$%BC(8&$BHD'&Q(?-343!M4,,(1-!0-!,=!j<22->!:<22(g3!+2-!:&<477(2:-!?,+7!<+!)<427!(::','&'-!0-!7(!?<?+,(34<2$!
D':40'-!`!(::+-4,,4&!:-7!C(*43(237!-3!,-!?<3-234-,!`!M-24&!0(27!,-7!)-4,,-+&7!:<20434<27>!3<+3!-2!M-4,,(23!`!+2!
0'M-,<??-)-23!N<2:4-&!<&1(247'>!,(!:<))+2-!(!0':40'!0=',(*<&-&!7<2!?&-)4-&!%68$!!
k+7@+=(,<&7>!7<2!+&*(247(34<2!'3(43!&'14-!?(&!,-!I^1,-)-23!l(34<2(,!0=8&*(247)-!QIl8R$!
!
/<))+2-! M434:<,-! 0+! Z(+:,+7->! N$HRM'A&$F! -73! -2! 3&(42! 0=(0<?3-&! ,-! #-&! %68! \&-2-,,-! "! 0+! 0'?(&3-)-23$!
U43+'-!7+&!+2!3-&&43<4&-!)(&@+'!?(&!,(!M412->!,(!:<))+2-!<NN&-!+2!:(0&-!0-!M4-!(1&'(*,-!-3!b<+43!0=+2!24M-(+!
(33&(:34N!0='@+4?-)-23!-3!0-!7-&M4:-7$!
/=-73! ?<+&! ?&<3'1-&! :-! ?(3&4)<42->! )(47! (+774! ?<+&! :<2342+-&! 0=(::+-4,,4&! 0-! 2<+M-(+B! C(*43(237! -3!
,<1-)-237! @+-! ,-! G(4&->! G<274-+&! \IFZ]TI! (! M<+,+! ',(*<&-&! :-! 2<+M-(+! 0<:+)-23! 0=+&*(247)-$!
6=<*b-:34N!0=4:4!#P!(27!S!#A_!2<+M-(+B!Z(:@+-[&(774-27$!
!
!
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
5!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
?K 3$I&'(&LSG'#'BC$%&'(
! 7*6(T(0/6(T(3$&C'(3"##MB$G'(T(
/'( 7ESG'#'BC( *$C%"B$G( I56&J$B%F#'! QIl8R! 7=(??,4@+-! ?(&! 0'N(+3! 7+&!
,=-27-)*,-! 0+! 3-&&43<4&-$! ],! 7=(143! 0-! &^1,-! 1'2'&(,-7! (??,4:(*,-7! -2!
)(34^&-!0=+34,47(34<2!0+!7<,>!2<3())-23!-2!:-!@+4!:<2:-&2-!,(!,<:(,47(34<2>!
,(!0-77-&3->!,=4)?,(23(34<2!-3!,=(&:C43-:3+&-!0-7!:<273&+:34<27$!
/$(3$&C'(3"##MB$G'(
U<+M-23! (0(?3'-! ?<+&! 0-7! ?-343-7! :<))+2-7>! ,(! /(&3-! /<))+2(,-!
0',4)43-! ,-7! f<2-7! :<273&+:34*,-7! -3! ?&':47-! ,-7! )<0(,43'7! 0=(??,4:(34<27!
0-7!&^1,-7!1'2'&(,-7!0=+&*(247)-$!/=-73!,-!/<27-4,!G+24:4?(,!@+4!(??&<+M-!
,-!0<:+)-23!(?&^7!-2@+a3-!?+*,4@+-!
/'( 0G$B( /"H$G( I56&J$B%F#'! Q%68R! @+4! 7=-73! 7+*7343+'! (+! %,(2!
0=Y::+?(34<2! 0-7! U<,7! Q%YUR! -73! ,-! 0<:+)-23! 0-! ?,(24N4:(34<2! ,-! ?,+7!
&'?(20+$! ],! N4B-! ,-7! &^1,-7! 1'2'&(,-7! 0=+&*(247)-! `! ,=423'&4-+&! )a)-! 0+!
3-&&43<4&-! 0=+2-! :<))+2-$! ],! 7=(143! 0=+2! ?&<b-3! -2! )(34^&-!
0=()'2(1-)-23>! 0=-7?(:-7! ?+*,4:7! -3! ?([7(1-&7>! (4274! @+-!
0=-2M4&<22-)-23$!I'M47'!?'&4<04@+-)-23>!4,!-73!',(*<&'!-2!:<,,(*<&(34<2!
(M-:!,-7!C(*43(237!-3!(0<?3'!?(&!,-!/<27-4,!G+24:4?(,$!],!-73!0-!?,+7!-2!?,+7!
7<+M-23!)'2'!`!,=':C-,,-!423-&:<))+2(,-$!
6-7! ?<774*4,43'7! <NN-&3-7! ?(&! +2! %68! 7<23! *-(+:<+?! ?,+7! 4)?<&3(23-7!
@+=(M-:! +2-! :(&3-! :<))+2(,-$! ],! ?-&)-3! `! ,(! :<))+2-! 0-! )(43&47-&!
&'-,,-)-23!,-!0'M-,<??-)-23!+&*(42!0-!7<2!3-&&43<4&-$!
!"#$%&'("&)*+"&,"-%.'/.+.)&+"0%+"'/)0"1,"2*."+,"0%++%.'("&)*+"+*3.++.)&+"4,+"0/)5,'+6"
#$,1"4,"789("&)*+"%$)&+":;1.:;":,"!"/,0/,&:/,"4,+"/,&&,+"<(":,"+=,-0%/,/":,"&)'/,"
',//.')./,6" >666?" 7)*/" -).(" .4" ,+'" .-0)/'%&'" :," :,++.&,/" *&" 1@,-.&" A" +*.$/," 0)*/" 4,+"
%&&;,+"A"$,&./"<"B-,"C9D#EF(""B%./,":,"G'"H/%&1@,/">IJ?"K"B.+,",&"04%1,":*"L,/"
789"
"
!"8%"0/;+,/$%'.)&":*"1%:/,":,"$.,",+'",++,&'.,44,"0)*/"4,+"M%12*,N/%++.,&+("-%.+",44,"
&,":).'"0%+"0)*/"%*'%&'",-0O1@,/"4,":;$,4)00,-,&'":,"4%"1)--*&,",'"&)'%--,&'"
4=%11*,.4":,"&)*$,%*P"4)Q,-,&'+6">666?"R)*+"+)*@%.')&+"2*,"&)'/,"1)--*&,"1)&'.&*,"
A"+,":;$,4)00,/"A"0/)P.-.';":*"$.44%Q,(":%&+"4%"4.-.',":,+"/;+,%*P",P.+'%&'+"')*'",&"
;$.'%&'"4%"+0;1*4%'.)&".--)3.4.S/,6"<"B6"CE#MTUE("B%./,":,"M%12*,N/%+"K"E;$.+.)&"
:,"789",&"789"C/,&,44,"V"
"
!"#$,1"4,"789("&)'/,"0/)5,'",+'"3.,&"W.1,4;"+*/"LX"%&+"-%.+")&"%"/.,&"0)*/"%0/S+6"T4"
W%*'" %&'.1.0,/" 0)*/" 2*," &)'/," 0/)5,'" A" -)N,&" A" ',/-," &," 34)2*," 0%+" *&" 0/)5,'" A"
4)&Q"',/-,6"<"F/"G9YEUZ(""B%./,":,"M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
!
! UM5'FCVH'(RM5MB(0/6(T(
%&42:4?(,! 0<:+)-23! 0=+&*(247)-! -2! 9&(2:->! ,-! %,(2! 6<:(,! 0=8&*(247)-!
Q%68R!&-)?,(:-!0-?+47!,(!,<4!&-,(34M-!`!,(!7<,40(&43'!-3!(+!&-2<+M-,,-)-23!
+&*(427!0+!#.!0':-)*&-!"PPP>!043-!,<4!UI8>!,-!%,(2!0=Y::+?(34<2!0-7!U<,7!
Q%YUR>!(,<&7!-2!M41+-+&!0-?+47!#;dA$!!
],!7='3(*,43!`!+2-!':C-,,-!:<))+2(,-!<+!423-&:<))+2(,-!QT%/]R!-3!N4B-!0-7!
&^1,-7! 0=+34,47(34<2! 0+! 7<,! `! 3&(M-&7! +2! ?&<b-3! 1,<*(,! 0=+&*(247)-! -3!
0=()'2(1-)-23$!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
!
TB3&(43!0-!,=F&34:,-!6##P!0+!
/<0-!0-!,=8&*(247)-!
!"#W.&" :\%-;&%Q,/" 4," 1%:/," :," $.,("
:\%++*/,/" +%&+" :.+1/.-.&%'.)&" %*P"
0)0*4%'.)&+" /;+.:,&',+" ,'" W*'*/,+" :,+"
1)&:.'.)&+":\@%3.'%'(":\,-04).(":,"+,/$.1,+"
,'" :," '/%&+0)/'+" /;0)&:%&'" A" 4%" :.$,/+.';"
:," +,+" 3,+).&+" ,'" :," +,+" /,++)*/1,+(" :,"
Q;/,/"4,"+)4":,"W%])&";1)&)-,(":,"/;:*./,"
4,+" ;-.++.)&+" :," Q%^" A" ,WW,'" :," +,//,(" :,"
/;:*./," 4,+" 1)&+)--%'.)&+" :\;&,/Q.,("
:\;1)&)-.+,/" 4,+" /,++)*/1,+" W)++.4,+"
:\%++*/,/" 4%" 0/)',1'.)&" :,+" -.4.,*P"
&%'*/,4+" ,'" :,+" 0%N+%Q,+(" 4%" 0/;+,/$%'.)&"
:," 4%" 3.):.$,/+.';" &)'%--,&'" 0%/" 4%"
1)&+,/$%'.)&(" 4%" /,+'%*/%'.)&" ,'" 4%"
1/;%'.)&" :," 1)&'.&*.';+" ;1)4)Q.2*,+(" %.&+."
2*,"4%"+;1*/.';",'"4%"+%4*3/.';"0*34.2*,+",'"
:," 0/)-)*$)./" 4\;2*.4.3/," ,&'/," 4,+"
0)0*4%'.)&+" /;+.:%&'" :%&+" 4,+" ^)&,+"
*/3%.&,+" ,'" /*/%4,+" ,'" :," /%'.)&%4.+,/" 4%"
:,-%&:,"
:,"
:;04%1,-,&'+("
4,+"
1)44,1'.$.';+" 0*34.2*,+" @%/-)&.+,&'(" :%&+"
4," /,+0,1'" /;1.0/)2*," :," 4,*/" %*')&)-.,("
4,*/+" 0/;$.+.)&+" ,'" 4,*/+" :;1.+.)&+"
:\*'.4.+%'.)&" :," 4\,+0%1,6" 8,*/" %1'.)&" ,&"
-%'.S/," :\*/3%&.+-," 1)&'/.3*," A" 4%" 4*'',"
1)&'/," 4," 1@%&Q,-,&'" 14.-%'.2*," ,'" A"
4\%:%0'%'.)&"A"1,"1@%&Q,-,&'"<6"""
"
!
TB3&(43!0-!,=F&34:,-!6#"#e#!
0+!/<0-!0-!,=8&*(247)-!
!"8,+" +1@;-%+" :," 1)@;/,&1," ',//.')/.%4,("
4,+"04%&+"4)1%*P":\*/3%&.+-,",'"4,+"1%/',+"
1)--*&%4,+" :;',/-.&,&'" 4,+" 1)&:.'.)&+"
0,/-,''%&'":\%++*/,/"_""
L`"8\;2*.4.3/,",&'/,"_""
%?"8,"/,&)*$,44,-,&'"*/3%.&("
3?" 8\*'.4.+%'.)&" ;1)&)-," :,+" ,+0%1,+"
&%'*/,4+("
1?"8%"+%*$,Q%/:,":,+",&+,-34,+"*/3%.&+""
L`" 3.+" 8%" 2*%4.';" */3%.&,(" %/1@.',1'*/%4,"
,'"0%N+%QS/,":,+",&'/;,+":,"$.44,"a""
V`" 8%" :.$,/+.';" :,+" W)&1'.)&+" */3%.&,+" ,'"
/*/%4,+",'"4%"-.P.';"+)1.%4,":%&+"4\@%3.'%'("
+%&+" :.+1/.-.&%'.)&(" >b?" ,&" ',&%&'"
1)-0'," ,&" 0%/'.1*4.,/" :,+" )35,1'.W+" :,"
/;0%/'.'.)&" Q;)Q/%[email protected]*,-,&' ;2*.4.3/;,"
,&'/," ,-04).(" @%3.'%'(" 1)--,/1,+" ,'"
+,/$.1,+(":\%-;4.)/%'.)&":,+"0,/W)/-%&1,+"
;&,/Q;'.2*,+(" :," :;$,4)00,-,&'" :,+"
1)--*&.1%'.)&+"
;4,1'/)&.2*,+("
:,"
:.-.&*'.)&"
:,+"
)34.Q%'.)&+"
:,"
:;04%1,-,&'+" ,'" :, développement des
transports collectifs ;
3° La réduction des émissions de gaz à
effet de serre, la maîtrise de l'énergie et la
production énergétique à partir de sources
renouvelables, la préservation de la qualité
de l'air, de l'eau, du sol et du sous-sol, des
ressources naturelles, de la biodiversité,
des écosystèmes, des espaces verts, (…) et
la prévention des risques naturels et
technologiques prévisibles, des pollutions
et des nuisances de toute nature ».
"
_!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
U-,<2!,=(&34:,-!6#".e#!0+!/<0-!0-!,=8&*(247)->!,-!%68!0<43!E!&-7?-:3-&!,-7!
?&42:4?-7! '2<2:'7! (+B! (&34:,-7! 6$! ##P! -3! 6$! #"#e#! QM<4&! :4e:<23&-R$! ],!
:<)?&-20! +2! &(??<&3! 0-! ?&'7-23(34<2>! +2! ?&<b-3! 0m()'2(1-)-23! -3! 0-!
0'M-,<??-)-23! 0+&(*,-7>! 0-7! <&4-23(34<27! 0m()'2(1-)-23! -3! 0-!
?&<1&())(34<2>! +2! &^1,-)-23! -3! 0-7! (22-B-7$! /C(:+2! 0-! :-7! ',')-237!
?-+3!:<)?&-20&-!+2!<+!?,+74-+&7!0<:+)-237!1&(?C4@+-7!H$!
6-!%68!7=4)?<7-!(+B!?&<1&())-7!:<))+2(+B!)(47!0<43!a3&-!:<)?(34*,-!
(M-:!S!
e 6-!U/YX!QU:C')(!0-!/<C'&-2:-!X-&&43<&4(,R>!
e 6-!%6K!Q%&<1&())-!6<:(,!0-!,=K(*43(3R!
e 6-!%D8!Q%,(2!0-!D'?,(:-)-237!8&*(427R>!
e 6-!U:C')(!0-!7-:3-+&!
e 6-!7:C')(!0-!)47-!-2!M(,-+&!0-!,(!)-&!
e 6-! UDF\T! -3! ,-! UF\T! QU:C')(! D4&-:3-+&! 0=F)'2(1-)-23! -3! 0-!
\-734<2!0-7!T(+BR>!!
e 6(!/C(&3-!0+!%(&:!l(3+&-,!I'14<2(,!<+!l(34<2(,>!
e X<+3-7!,-7!,<47>!0<23!,(!,<4!G<23(12-!-3!,(!6<4!6433<&(,>!
e 6(! DXF! QD4&-:34M-! X-&&43<&4(,-! 0=F)'2(1-)-23! n! 0-! :<)?'3-2:-!
'3(34@+-R>!
e 6(!/C(&3-!0+!0'M-,<??-)-23!0+!%([7$$$!!
!
U4! ,-! %68! -73! (??&<+M'! (M(23! ,=+2! 0-! :-7! 0<:+)-237>! ,=F&34:,-! 6#".e#! 0+!
/<0-! 0-! ,=8&*(247)-! 4)?<7-! (+! :<,,-:34M43'7! ,<:(,-! 0-! ,-! &-20&-!
:<)?(34*,-!0(27!+2!0',(4!0-!3&<47!(27$!
!
/-33-! <*,41(34<2! 0-! :<)?(34*4,43'! 4204@+-! @+=4,! 2-! 0<43! [! (M<4&! (+:+2-!
:<23&(04:34<2! -23&-! ,-7! 0<:+)-237! -3! 7+&3<+3! @+-! ,-! %68! 2=-)?a:C-! ?(7!
(+! U/YX! 0=(33-420&-! ,-7! <*b-:34N7! N4B'7$! /-,(! 043>! 4,! 2-! 7=(143! ?(7! 0=+2-!
<*,41(34<2!0-!:<2N<&)43'>!:-,(!,(477-!0<2:!(+!%68!+2-!:-&3(42-!)(&1-!0-!
)(2o+M&-! M47e`eM47! 0+! U/YX! ?<+&! '3(*,4&! :-&3(427! ?&<b-37!
0=()'2(1-)-23$!
!
!"T4" ;'%.'" .-0)/'%&'" 0)*/" &)*+" :," W.P,/" :,+" /SQ4,+" +%&+" 0)*$)./" N" :;/)Q,/6"<" B-,"
C9D#EF("B%./,":,"G'"H/%&1@,/">IJ?"K"B.+,",&"04%1,":*"L,/"789"
"
!"Y=,+'" .&:.+0,&+%34," :=%$)./" *&," /SQ4,6"<" F/" G9YEUZ(" B%./," :," M%4%:N" >LV?" K"
Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
!
/'F(LW"GMC%"BF(FM%C'(X(G$(/"%(;&'B'GG'(99!
6(! ,<4! 2p"P#PeAWW! 0+! #"! b+4,,-3! "P#P! ?<&3(23! -21(1-)-23! 2(34<2(,! ?<+&!
,=-2M4&<22-)-23>!043-!E!\&-2-,,-!]]!H>!(!-21-20&'!+2-!?&<N<20-!&-N<23-!0+!
,4M&-!#-&!0+!/<0-!0-!,=8&*(247)->!?<&3(23!7+&!,-7!0<:+)-237!0=+&*(247)-!
,<:(+B$! /-33-! 2<+M-,,-! ,<4>! ?&42:4?(,-)-23! (B'-! 7+&! ,-! 0'M-,<??-)-23!
0+&(*,->! -21(1-! 0<2:! +2! %68! ?,+7! E!M-&3!H$! D<3'! 0-! 2<+M-(+B! <*b-:34N7!
-2M4&<22-)-23(+B>! ,-! 2<+M-(+! ?,(2! ,<:(,! 0-! ,=+&*(247)->! -73! 0<2:! +2-!
7+43-!,<14@+-!(+!)<+M-)-23!477+!0-!,(!,<4!2p"PPPe#"PW!0+!#.!0':-)*&-!
"PPP!&-,(34M-!`!,(!7<,40(&43'!-3!(+!&-2<+M-,,-)-23!+&*(42>!043-!,<4!UI8$!!
6(!,<4!-3!2<3())-23>!,=(&34:,-!#;!0'04'-!(+B!0<:+)-237!0=+&*(247)->!*4-2!
@+-! ?+*,4'-! ,-! #.! b(2M4-&! "P##>! -73! -23&'-! -2! M41+-+&! (+! )<47! 0-! b+4,,-3!
"P##$! 82-! )47-! -2! ?,(:-! ?&<1&-774M-! (! '3'! ?&'M+-! ?<+&! ?-&)-33&-! (+B!
(+3-+&7! 0-7! %68! 0-! 7=4)?&'12-&! 0-! :-7! 2<+M-(+B! <*b-:34N7$! D-! ?,+7>! ,-7!
047?<7434<27!(23'&4-+&-7!:<2342+-23!0-!7=(??,4@+-&!!?<+&!,-7!%68!-2!:<+&7!
0=',(*<&(34<2!<+!0-!&'M474<2$!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
%&'7-23(34<2! 0-! ,(! ,<4!
\&-2-,,-!]]!
!
%&<)+,1+'-! ,-! #"! b+4,,-3! "P#P>! ,(! ,<4!
?<&3(23! q-21(1-)-23! 2(34<2(,! ?<+&!
,=-2M4&<22-)-23q! 043-! \&-2-,,-! ">!
:<&&-7?<20! `! ,(! )47-! -2! (??,4:(34<2!
0=+2-! ?(&34-! 0-7! -21(1-)-237! 0+!
\&-2-,,-! T2M4&<22-)-23$! T,,-! :<)?,^3->!
(??,4@+-! -3! 3-&&43<&4(,47-! +2-! ,<4! M<3'-!
,m(22'-! ?&':'0-23->! ,(! E!8)." C/,&,44," T!H!
Q?&':'0-))-23! (0<?3'-! -2! <:3<*&-!
"PPW!-3!M(,40'-!,-!##!N'M&4-&!"PP;R!
6-7! "5W! (&34:,-7! @+4! :<)?<7-23! :-3!
4)?<&3(23!3-B3-!0-!,<4!<23!'3'!,(&1-)-23!
-2&4:C47! ?(&! ,-! %(&,-)-23! -3! 0':,42-23!
0-7!)-7+&-7!0(27!74B!:C(234-&7!)(b-+&7!S!
e
e
e
e
e
e
Vr34)-237!-3!+&*(247)->!!
X&(27?<&37>!!
T2-&14->!!
V4<04M-&743'>!!
I47@+-7>!7(23'>!0':C-37>!!
\<+M-&2(2:-$!
!
6-7!U:C')(7!&'14<2(+B!
0-!:<C'&-2:-!':<,<14@+-!
!
/-7! 7:C')(7! &'14<2(+B! 7<23! ',(*<&'7!
:<2b<423-)-23! ?(&! ,-7! &'14<27! -3! ,mT3(3!
(N42! 0m40-234N4-&! ,(! 3&()-! M-&3-! -3! ,(!
3&()-!*,-+->!0<23!,m<*b-:34N!-73!0m-2&([-&!
,(! ?-&3-! 0-! *4<04M-&743'! -2! ?(&34:4?(23! `!
,(! ?&'7-&M(34<2>! `! ,(! 1-734<2! -3! `! ,(!
&-)47-! -2! *<2! '3(3! 0-7! )4,4-+B!
2':-77(4&-7! (+B! :<2342+43'7! ':<,<14@+-7>!
3<+3! -2! ?&-2(23! -2! :<)?3-! ,-7! (:34M43'7!
C+)(42-7>! -3! 2<3())-23! (1&4:<,-7>! -2!
)4,4-+! &+&(,! Q%/'.14,+" 8" cdLeL" ,'" +*.$%&'+"
:*"1):,":,"4\,&$./)&&,-,&'R$!
"
!
6-7! ?,(27! :,4)(3e'2-&14-!
3-&&43<&4(+B!!
!
/-7! ?,(27! 0<4M-23! a3&-! ',(*<&'7! ?<+&! ,-!
.#! 0':-)*&-! "P#"! (+! ?,+7! 3(&0! ?(&! ,-7!
&'14<27>!
,-7!
0'?(&3-)-237>!
,-7!
:<))+2(+3'7!
+&*(42-7>!
,-7!
:<))+2(+3'7!0m(11,<)'&(34<2!(4274!@+-!
,-7! :<))+2-7! -3! ,-7! :<))+2(+3'7! 0-!
:<))+2-7! 0-!?,+7! 0-! _P! PPP! C(*43(237$!
],7! 0'N42477-23! 2<3())-23! ,-7! <*b-:34N7!
73&(3'14@+-7! -3! <?'&(34<22-,7! 0-! ,(!
:<,,-:34M43'! (N42! 0-! ,+33-&! -NN4:(:-)-23!
:<23&-!,-!&':C(+NN-)-23!:,4)(34@+-!-3!0-!
7m[! (0(?3-&! Q%/'.14," 8" VVJeVf" :*" 1):," :,"
4\,&$./)&&,-,&'R$!
!
!
!
"
d!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
6-!%68!0-!Z(:@+-[&(7!@+-!2<+7!(M<27!<*7-&M'7>!-73!,-!#-&!%68!\&-2-,,-!]]!0+!Z(+:,+7-$!
!
4'(B"MW'$MO("JY'HC%PF(LH"G"S%RM'F(
6-7!%68!0<4M-23!0'7<&)(47!S!
-
?&-20&-! -2! :<)?3-! ,-7! 7:C')(7! &'14<2(+B! 0-! :<C'&-2:-! ':<,<14@+-7! -3! ,-7! ?,(27! :,4)(3e'2-&14-!
3-&&43<&4(+B!QM<4&!:4e:<23&-R$!!
-
7-!?&'<::+?-&!0-!,(!&'0+:34<2!0-7!')4774<27!0-!1(f!`!-NN-3!0-!7-&&->!0-!,(!)(g3&47-!-3!0-!,(!?&<0+:34<2!
'2-&1'34@+-! `! ?(&34&! 0-! &-77<+&:-7! &-2<+M-,(*,-7>! 0-! ,(! ?&'7-&M(34<2! -3! 0-! ,(! &-)47-! -2! '3(3! 0-7!
:<2342+43'7! ':<,<14@+-7! <+! -2:<&-! 0+! 0'M-,<??-)-23! 0-7! :<))+24:(34<27! ',-:3&<24@+-7! :<))-!
4204@+'!0(27!,-!2<+M-,!(&34:,-!6$#"#e#!0+!/<0-!0-!,=+&*(247)-$!
6-7!<&4-23(34<27!0=()'2(1-)-23!?<+&&<23!4)?<7-&!0-7!&^1,-7!73&4:3-7!0-!?-&N<&)(2:-7!'2-&1'34@+-7!-3>!*4-2!
'M40-))-23>!-2M4&<22-)-23(,-7!0(27!,-7!7-:3-+&7!<+M-&37!`!,=+&*(247(34<2$!!
/$(GMCC'(H"BC&'(G5LC$G'#'BC(M&J$%B(!
6-7!:<,,-:34M43'7!0-M&<23!0'7<&)(47!(77+&-&!+2-!1-734<2!':<2<)-!0-!,=-7?(:-!-2!?&'7-23(23>!0(27!,-!%FDD>!
+2-! (2(,[7-! 0-! ,(! :<27<))(34<2! 0=-7?(:-7! 2(3+&-,7>! (1&4:<,-7! -3! N<&-734-&7>! b+734N4(23! ,-7! <*b-:34N7! 0-!
)<0'&(34<2! 0-! :-33-! :<27<))(34<2$! D-! :-! N(43>! +2-! ?&4<&43'! `! ,(! 0-274N4:(34<2! ?-&)-33&(! 0-! ?&'M<4&! +2-!
0-2743'!)424)(,-!0-!,(!:<273&+:34<2!0(27!0-7!7-:3-+&7!0-7342'7!`!+2-!N<&3-!+&*(247(34<2>!3-,,-7!@+-!,-7!f<2-7!
743+'-7!`!?&<B4)43'!0-7!3&(27?<&37!-2!:<))+2!-B473(237!<+!`!M-24&$!%(&!(4,,-+&7>!0(27!,-7!f<2-7!+&*(42-7>!<+>!
`!+&*(247-&>!+2!0'?(77-)-23!0-7!&^1,-7!&-,(34M-7!(+!1(*(&43!-3!`!,(!0-2743'!Qs!.P!i!)(B4)+)R!?<+&&(!a3&-!
(+3<&47'!7<+7!:<20434<27!0-!&-7?-:3-&!0-7!:&43^&-7!0-!?-&N<&)(2:-!'2-&1'34@+-!',-M'7!<+!*4-2>!:<)?<&3(23!
0-7!'@+4?-)-237!?-&N<&)(237!0-!?&<0+:34<27!0='2-&14-!&-2<+M-,(*,-$!Q/N$!2<+M-(+B!(&34:,-7!6$!#".e#e_!#.!-3!
6$!#".e#e_!#5!0+!:<0-!0-!,m+&*(247)-R$!
/'F("&%'BC$C%"BF(I5$#LB$S'#'BC('C(I'(Z&"S&$##$C%"B!ILF"&#$%F("JG%S$C"%&'F(
k+7@+=(,<&7!N(:+,3(34M-7>!!:-7!<&4-23(34<27!(M(4-23!?<+&!*+3!0=-2M47(1-&!,=+&*(247)-!0-!N(J<2!1,<*(,-$!FM-:!,(!
,<4!\&-2-,,-!]]>!:-3!<*b-:34N!-73!-2!?C(7-!0-!7-!:<2:&'347-&$!D'7<&)(47>!-3!7-,<2!,=(&34:,-!6$!#".e#e5!0+!/<0-!0-!
,=+&*(247)->!:-7!2<+M-,,-7!<&4-23(34<27!0-M&<23!42:,+&-!0-7!047?<7434<27!?<&3(23!7+&!S!!
e
6=C(*43(3>! -2! )-33(23! -2! ?,(:-! ,-7! ?&42:4?-7! 0=+2-! ?<,434@+-! ()-2(23! `! &'?<20&-! (+B! *-7<427! -2!
,<1-)-237!-3!-2!C'*-&1-)-237!-3!N(M<&47(23!,-!&-2<+M-,,-)-23!+&*(42!-3!,(!)4B43'!7<:4(,-$!T2!:-!@+4!
:<2:-&2-! ,=(::-774*4,43'>! 4,! -73! ?&'M+! @+-! ,-! :(0&-! *r34! -2M-&7! ,-7! ?-&7<22-7! C(204:(?'-7! 0-M&(! a3&-!
()',4<&'! -3! @+=+2-! &'?(&3434<2! '@+4,4*&'-! -3! 04M-&74N4'-! 0-! ,=<NN&-! 0-! ,<1-)-237! (0(?3'7! 0-M&(! a3&-!
N(43-!7+&!,-!3-&&43<4&-!:<2:-&2'$!
e
6=()'2(1-)-23>! -2! ,+33(23! :<23&-! ,=427(,+*&43'! -3! -2! ?-&)-33(23! ,-! 0'M-,<??-)-23! 0-! ,(! :<))+2-!
)(47! '1(,-)-23! -2! )-33(23! -2! M(,-+&! ,=-2M4&<22-)-23>! ,-! ?(3&4)<42->! ,-7! -23&'-7! 0-! M4,,-7>! -3:$! /-7!
<&4-23(34<27!0=()'2(1-)-23!?-+M-23!a3&-!?&'7-23'-7!7<+7!N<&)-7!0=':C'(2:4-&!?&'M474<22-,!!<+!0=+2!
7:C')(!0=()'2(1-)-23$!
e
6-7! 0'?,(:-)-237! -3! ,-7! 3&(27?<&37>! -2! <&1(247(23>! 7+&! ,-! 3-&&43<4&->! ,(! :4&:+,(34<2>! ,-! 73(34<22-)-23>!
(4274! @+-! ,-7! 0'?,(:-)-237! -3! ,-! 3&(27?<&3! 0-7! ?-&7<22-7! -3! 0-7! )(&:C(2047-7$! Q/N$! ?,(2! 0-!
0'?,(:-)-237!+&*(427>!(&34:,-7!"W!`!"We5!0-!,(!,<4!2pW"e##_.!0+!.P!0':-)*&-!#;W"!0=<&4-23(34<2!0-7!
3&(27?<&37!423'&4-+&7R$!
/$(#%F'('B(ZG$H'(I'(0/6(%BC'&H"##MB$G(
FN42! 0=a3&-! -2! :<C'&-2:-! (M-:! ,-7! <*b-:34N7! -2M4&<22-)-23(+B! ()*434-+B! 0-! ,(! ,<4! \&-2-,,-! ]]>! ,=':C-,,-!
423-&:<))+2(,-!(!'3'!b+1'-!?,+7!?-&342-23-!?<+&!,(!&'(,47(34<2!0-7!%,(27!6<:(+B!0=8&*(247)-$!6-!3-B3-!0-!,<4!
?&'7-23-!0<2:!+2!:-&3(42!2<)*&-!0-!)':(247)-7!0-7342'7!`!N(:4,43-&!,=',(*<&(34<2!0+!0<:+)-23!0=+&*(247)-!
`!:-33-!':C-,,-$!D'7<&)(47>!,-!%68!423-&:<))+2(,!34-20&(!0<2:!,4-+!0-!%6K!-3!0-!%D8!Q`!:<20434<2!@+-!,=T%/]!
(43! ,=(+3<&43'! <&1(247(3&4:-! 0-7! 3&(27?<&37! +&*(427R$! l'(2)<427>! *4-2! @+-! 0-M(23! :<+M&4&! 3<+3! ,-! 3-&&43<4&-!
423-&:<))+2(,>!,-!%68!?-+3!a3&-!0':<+?'!-2!?,(27!0-!7-:3-+&7!:<))+2(+B!<+!423-&:<))+2(+B!Q/N$!2<+M-,!
(&34:,-!6$!#".e#e#e#!0+!:<0-!0-!,=+&*(247)-R$!!
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
A!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!
! 0&"HLIM&'(I5LG$J"&$C%"B((
"
6(! ?&<:'0+&-! 0=',(*<&(34<2! 0=+2! %68! 7-!
0'&<+,-! -2! ?,+74-+&7! '3(?-7! *4-2!
047342:3-7!-3!0-)(20-!#W!`!"5!)<47$!
"
!"8%" 1)--*&," %$%.'" *&" 7[G" 2*." ;'%.'" %//.$;" A" 4%"
0/,+1/.0'.)&" :,+" LX" %&+6"<" F/" G9YEUZ(" B%./," :,"
M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
!"#$%&'" &)*+" %$.)&+" *&" 7[G(" .4" W%44%.'" 0%++,/"
4=;'%0,6"<" B6" g9UZ(" B%./," :," 8%" Y/).P" G%.&'"
8,*W/)N"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":*"7[G",&"789"
!"R)*+" $)*4.)&+" 4.-.',/" 4=,P',&+.)&" :*" 3h'." ,'"
0/;+,/$,/" 4%" '/%:.'.)&" :*" ',//.')./,6"<" B-,"
C9D#EF(" B%./," :," G'" H/%&1@,/" >IJ?" K" B.+," ,&"
04%1,":*"L,/"789"
!"R)*+" %$)&+" *&" :)1*-,&'" :=*/3%&.+-," :,0*.+"
LJIJ6"8A(" .4" +=%Q.++%.'" :," /;$.+,/" &)'/," 7896" T4"
+=%Q.'" :*" L,/" 789" +)*-.+" A" 4%" 4)." C/,&,44," V" :*"
:;0%/',-,&'6"<"B6"CE#MTUE("B%./,":,"M%12*,N/%+"
K"E;$.+.)&":,"789",&"789"C/,&,44,"V"
(
Selon l’importance des modifications du PLU
envisagées, il existe trois types de
procédures d’adaptation :
- 6(!?&<:'0+&-!0-!&'M474<2 !
- 6(!?&<:'0+&-!0-!&'M474<2!74)?,4N4'-!!
- 6(!?&<:'0+&-!0-!)<04N4:(34<2!!!
!
!
! /'F(P$HC'M&F(HGLF(I'(&LMFF%C'((
(
!"#$%&%'()#*(#&*#+%,("-*#+%&.(./0*##
!"F%&+"*&,"1)--*&,"$).+.&,("*&"B%./,"%"W%.'"*&"0,'.'".--,*34,"1)44,1'.W6"Y,"0/)5,'"%"W%.'"3,%*1)*0":,"3/*.'",'"%"
;';"'/S+"-%4"0,/]*6"8,"B%./,"%"0,/:*"4,+";4,1'.)&+"+*.$%&',+6">666?"T4"W%*'":*"1)*/%Q,",'"0,&+,/"A"4=.&';/O'"Q;&;/%46"
>666?"8%"/;%4.+%'.)&":=*&"789("1,4%":,-%&:,":,"4%":.+0)&.3.4.';",'":*"',-0+"0)*/"4,+";4*+6"<"F/"G9YEUZ(""B%./,":,"
M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
"
!"Y,4%"&=%"0%+";';"+.-04,"%"%++*-,/"0%/"/%00)/'"%*P"%*'/,+"1)&+,.44,/+"-*&.1.0%*P",'"%*P"@%3.'%&'+6"<"B6"g9UZ("
B%./,":,"8%"Y/).P"G%.&'"8,*W/)N"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":*"7[G",&"789"
"
!"8,+" @%3.'%&'+" )&'" +)*$,&'" *&," -,&'%4.';" .&:.$.:*%4.+',6" T4" W%*'" O'/," 0;:%Q)Q*,6<" B-," C9D#EF(" B%./," :," G'"
H/%&1@,/">IJ?"K"B.+,",&"04%1,":*"L,/"789"
"
!"8=%11*,.4":,"&)*$,%*P"@%3.'%&'+("]%"&,"04%.'"0%+"A"')*'"4,"-)&:,6"9&,"%++)1.%'.)&"+=,+'"1/;;"%$,1"3,%*1)*0":,"
!"5,*&,+"<" %//.$%&'+" 0)*/" -.4.',/" 1)&'/," 1,/'%.&+" 0/)5,'+" :," 4%" -%./.,6"<" B6" CE#MTUE(" B%./," :," M%12*,N/%+" K"
E;$.+.)&":,"789",&"789"C/,&,44,"V"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
W!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!
!1"22%3+"-'*3*'(#4*#&"#2%330'*#
!"8,":;0%/',-,&'"%.:,"3,%*1)*0"4,+"1)--*&,+"/*/%4,+6">666?"8,"7RE":*"B)/$%&"$,*'"2*,"4,+"1)--*&,+"+,":)',&'"
:,"789":)&1".4"%00)/',":,+"+*3$,&'.)&+6"Y,4%"&)*+"%"0,/-.+":=%$)./"*&"789"0)*/"4,"0/.P":=*&,"1%/',"1)--*&%4,6"
>666?"8=U'%'"&=,+'"0%+":=*&"Q/%&:"+)*'.,&6">666?"8,"789("1=,+'"*&")*'.4":,"Q,+'.)&"-):,/&,6"i,"&,"$).+"0%+"1)--,&'"4,"
ER9"0,*'"/;0)&:/,"A"&)+"3,+).&+"0*.+2*=.4"&,"0/,&:"0%+",&"1)-0',"&)+"+0;1.W.1.';+6""<"B-,"C9D#EF("B%./,":,"G'"
H/%&1@,/">IJ?"K"B.+,",&"04%1,":*"L,/"789"
"
!BO-,"+*3$,&'.)&&;("4%"/;%4.+%'.)&":=*&"789":,-%&:,"*&".&$,+'.++,-,&'"W.&%&1.,/":,"4%"1)--*&,6"B%.+"1=,+'"
*&,":;0,&+,".&:.+0,&+%34,",'"4,"0/.P",&"$%*'"4,"+,/$.1,6">666?"8=U'%'(".4+"&,"1)-0/,&&,&'"0%+"&)+")35,1'.W+",'"&)'/,"
0/)5,'6"<"F/"G9YEUZ("B%./,":,"M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
"
!"8=U'%'" &," W%1.4.'," 0%+" 4,+" 0/)5,'+" ,'" 4," Y)&+,.4" C;&;/%4" &," +=)11*0," 0%+" :," &)*+6" B%.+" .4" N" %" ,*" :,+" %.:,+" 0)*/"
4=;4%3)/%'.)&":*"7896"<""B6"g9UZ("B%./,":,"8%"Y/).P"G%.&'"8,*W/)N"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":*"7[G",&"789"
"
!"R)*+" ]%" +," 0%++," 3.,&" 1%/" g%3.'%'" j" F;$,4)00,-,&'" %" 1)-0/.+" 1," 2*," 4=)&" $)*4%.'6"<" B6" CE#MTUE(" B%./," :,"
M%12*,N/%+"K"E;$.+.)&":,"789",&"789"C/,&,44,"V"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
;!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
.K /'F(0/6('B([&$BH'('C('B(#%G%'M(&M&$G(
! 3"MW'&CM&'(I'F(0/6('B([&$BH'(
U-,<2!,=Y*7-&M(3<4&-!0-7!3-&&43<4&-7!0-!,(!DFXFI>!<2!0'2<)*&-!?&^7!0-!"P$PPP!%68!-2!9&(2:-!)'3&<?<,43(42-!
-3! 0(27! ,-7! 0'?(&3-)-237! 0=Y+3&-e)-&! Q(+! #-&! b(2M4-&! "P##!S! #;$;_W! %68! <+! %YU! (??&<+M'7>! -2! &'M474<2! <+! -2! :<+&7!
0=',(*<&(34<2R$!!
!
/-7!0<:+)-237!0=+&*(247)-7!:<+M&-23!_5>5i!0-7!.d!dWP!:<))+2-7!N&(2J(47-7!-3!:<2:-&2-23!?&(34@+-)-23!
dP! )4,,4<27! 0=C(*43(237$! /-33-! :<+M-&3+&-! -73! -2! :<273(23-! ?&<1&-774<2! ?+47@+=-2M4&<2! "_PO.PP! %68! 7<23!
&'(,47'7!:C(@+-!(22'-$!!
*"#J&'(I'(0/6('B([&$BH'(Z$&(LC$CF(
I5$W$BH'#'BC($M(\<]\<]?\<<(
>+)*/1,"_"F#Z#E("VXLL?(
%68O%YU!(??&<+M'7!
##!5dA!
%68!-2!&'M474<2!
_!WW5!
%68!-2!:<+&7!0=',(*<&(34<2!
"!dPA!
+2+1/(
<@(@^_(
!
!
!
"#$%&!'&!($#)*&!'&+!,-.!#//$0123+!01!&)!*01$+!
'&!$324+40)!#1!5675678566!
"#$%&!'&!($#)*&!'&+!,-.!&)!*01$+!'93:#;0$#%40)!
#1!5675678566!
!
!
U+&!,-!?,(2!3-&&43<&4(,>!74!2<+7!:<273(3<27!@+-!,(!9&(2:-!-73!1,<*(,-)-23!*4-2!?<+&M+->!,(!:<+M-&3+&-!0-7!%68!
&-73-!42'1(,-$!
!
6-7! 1&(20-7! (11,<)'&(34<27! -3! ,-7! f<2-7! +&*(42-7! 7<23! *4-2! :<+M-&3-7! (4274! @+-! 3<+3-! ,(! f<2-! 0-7! (&:7!
(3,(234@+-!-3!)'043-&&(2'-2$!F!:<23&(&4<>!,-7!f<2-7!?,+7!&+&(,-7!QV&-3(12-!:-23&->!(&&4^&-!%([7!24J<47>!/<&7->!
l<&)(204-R!-3!3<+3-!,(!04(1<2(,-!l<&0eT73!O!U+0!Y+-73!7<23!)<427!*4-2!0<3'-7!-2!%68$!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#P!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
6(! &'?(&3434<2! 3-&&43<&4(,-! 0-7! %68! -2! :<+&7! 0=',(*<&(34<2! 2-! M4-23! @+-! 3&^7! ?-+! :<23&(&4'-! :-7! ',')-237!
0=(2(,[7-$!l<+7!2<3<27!2'(2)<427!+2!-NN<&3!(::&+!7+&!,(!%4:(&04-!-3!,(!f<2-!,4)43&<?C-!\4&<20-O6(20-7O6<3e
-3e\(&<22-$!
!
T2! <+3&-e)-&>! ,(! I'+24<2! :<))-! ,(! G(&3424@+-! -3! ,(! \+(0-,<+?-! 7<23! ,(&1-)-23! :<+M-&3-7! (,<&7! @+-!
,=+&*(247)-!&'1,-)-23(4&-!-73!-2!:<+&7!0-!:<273&+:34<2!7+&!,(!\+[(2-$!
!
! 0/6('C(`"B'F(&M&$G'F(
7)*/" .44*+'/,/" 4%" 1)*$,/'*/," :,+" 789" ,&" ^)&,+" /*/%4,+(" &)*+" *'.4.+,/)&+" 4,+" :)&&;,+" 1)//,+0)&:%&',+" %*P" k"
',//.')./,+"2*,"&)*+"%$)&+"+*.$.+">#$,N/)&eU*/,eM%*14*+,eD)&&,?6""
/'(Z"%IF(I'F(0/6('C(I'F(3$&C'F(3"##MB$G'F('B(#%G%'M(&M&$G(
K<&)47! ,-! Z(+:,+7->! 2<+7! <*7-&M<27! @+-! ,-7! 0<:+)-237! 0=+&*(247)-! &-73-23! ?-+! 0'M-,<??'7! 0(27! 2<7! 5!
3-&&43<4&-7! &+&(+B$! 6-7! :(&3-7! :<))+2(,-7! :<))-! ,-7! %68! 7<23! 7<+M-23! (*7-237! 0-! ?(&37! 4)?<&3(23-7! 0+!
3-&&43<4&-$! ],7! 7-! :<2:-23&-23! 0(M(23(1-! 7+&! ,-7! f<2-7! (11,<)'&'-7! 0-7! 0'?(&3-)-237! Q?&'N-:3+&->! 7<+7e
?&'N-:3+&-7>! M4,,-7! )<[-22-7>! -3:$R$! U-+,-7! ,-7! :(&3-7! :<))+2(,-7! (&&4M-23! `! 7-! N(4&-! +2-! ?-343-! ?,(:-!
74124N4:(34M-!-2!)4,4-+!&+&(,-$!/-33-!3-20(2:-!0-M&(43!7-!:<2N4&)-&!0(27!,-7!(22'-7!`!M-24&!?+47@+-!,-7!%68!-3!
,-7!:(&3-7!:<))+2(,-7!-2!:<+&7!0=',(*<&(34<2!:<2N4&)-23!:-33-!(2(,[7-$!
!
T2! :<)?,')-23>! ?<+&! ,=j<22-! -3! ,=T+&->! 2<+7! 2<3<27! ,=42N,+-2:-! 0-! ,(! &'14<2! ?(&474-22-$! %,+7! <2! 7=-2!
&(??&<:C->!?,+7!,-7!0<:+)-237!0=+&*(247)-7!7<23!2<)*&-+B$!U+&!,-!Z(+:,+7->!,=(2(,[7-!-73!04NN'&-23-!?+47@+-!
:-!0'?(&3-)-23!-73!@+(74!:<+M-&3!0-!%68$!!!
!
"
Y%/',+":,+"789",'"Y%/',+"Y)--*&%4,+("%00/)*$;+")*",&"1)*/+":,"/;%4.+%'.)&"%*"XLlXLlVXLL":%&+"4=#$,N/)&("4,"M%*14*+,("
4=U*/,",'"8=D)&&,6"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
##!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!
0GMF(I'(I"HM#'BCF(H$I&'FQ(ZGMF(I'(0/6(T(
l<+7!(M<27!7<+C(43'!7(M<4&!74!,(!?&'7-2:-!0-!0<:+)-237!:(0&-7!7+&!0-7!?'&4)^3&-7!?,+7!,(&1-7!N(M<&47-23!,(!
&'(,47(34<2!0-!%68$!!
/<2:-&2(23!,-7!!32+>!,-7!3-&&43<4&-7!,-7!)4-+B!:<+M-&37!`!,=':C-,,-!2(34<2(,-!7<23!,-7!)a)-7!@+-!?<+&!,-7!%68!
QICt2-eF,?-7>! F,7(:->! ,433<&(+B! *&-3<27>! %([7! 0-! ,(! 6<4&->! ,=(&:! )'043-&&(2'-2! -3! ,(! l<&)(204-R$! G(47! `!
,=':C-,,-!,<:(,->!,(!&'(,47(34<2!0=+2!U/YX!2=-23&(42-!?(7!2':-77(4&-)-23!+2-!)-4,,-+&-!:<+M-&3+&-!-2!%68!(+!
24M-(+! 0-7! :<))+2-7$! /-&3(427! ?'&4)^3&-7! 0-! U/YX! 7<23! -234^&-)-23! :<+M-&37! -2! %68! QZ(+:,+7-R! )(47!
0=(+3&-7! (+! :<23&(4&-! ?-+! ?<+&M+7! QT+&-R$! U+&! ,=j<22-! -3! ,=FM-[&<2>! ,-! 0'M-,<??-)-23! 0-7! U/YX! 2=-73! ?(7!
(77-f!&'?(20+!?<+&!(M<4&!+2!4)?(:3!7+&!,-!3-&&43<4&-!-2!)(34^&-!0-!%68$!
F+!:<+&7!0-7!-23&-34-27>!,-!U/YX!Q<+!7<2!(*7-2:-R!?(&(g3!a3&-!?-&J+!0(M(23(1-!:<))-!+2!0<:+)-23!:(0&-!`!
?&-20&-!-2!:<)?3-!-3!@+-!:<))-!+2!,-M4-&!?<+&!,(!)47-!-2!?,(:-!0+!%68$!
!"8,"GY[Z";'%.'",&"1)*/+",&"-O-,"',-0+6"T4"%"1)&W./-;"4,"789"1)--,"0m4,"+,1)&:%./,"%$,1":,+")35,1'.W+":,"4)Q,-,&'+",'":,"
4)Q,-,&'+"4)1%'.W+6"<"UP'/%.'":,"4=,&'/,'.,&"%$,1"B6"g9UZ("B%./,":,"8%"Y/).P"G%.&'"8,*W/)N"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":*"7[G",&"789"
!
!"T4"&=N"%"0%+":,"GY[Z"0)*/"4=.&+'%&'6"8=U7YT"%"0/.+"*&"%$.+":,"0/.&1.0,"0)*/"+=.&+1/./,":%&+"4,"GY[Z":,"E):,^6"<"F/"G9YEUZ("
B%./,":,"M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
"
/<2:-&2(23! ,-7! 0/,>! (+:+2! 0-7! @+(3&-! %68! 7+4M4! 2-! N(43! ?(&34-! 0+! ?'&4)^3&-! 0=+2! %6K$! 6-7! :<,,-:34M43'7!
&-2:<23&'-7!2=<23!?(7!:43'-7!:-3!<+34,$!%<+&3(23>!@+(20!4,!-B473-!+2!%6K!7+&!+2!3-&&43<4&-!423-&:<))+2(,>!2<+7!
<*7-&M<27! +2! 3(+B! 0-! :<+M-&3+&-! -2! 0<:+)-237! 0=+&*(247)-! )-4,,-+&$! 6(! &'(,47(34<2! 0-7! (:34<27! 0+! %6K!
?(77-! ?(&! 0-7! (:34<27! 7+&! ,=+&*(247)->! 7(! &'+7743-! &-?<7-! -2! ?(&34-! 7+&! 0-7! 0<:+)-237! 0=+&*(247)-!
:<)?(34*,-7$!
!
/<2:-&2(23!,-7!0*7>!4,!-73!04NN4:4,-!0-!)-7+&-&!7+&!,-!?,(2!:(&3<1&(?C4@+-!,=4)?(:3!0-!,(!?&'7-2:-!0=+2!%lI!
-2! )(34^&-! 0=+&*(247)-$! 6(! :<))+2-! 0-! U3! V&(2:C-&>! 7-+,-! 3-&&43<4&-! 0-! 2<3&-! '3+0-! `! a3&-! 743+'-! 7+&! +2!
%lI>!!(>!`!?,+74-+&7!&-?&47-7!'M<@+'7!,-!%(&:>!7<2!(::<)?(12-)-23!-3!7<2!(??+4!N42(2:4-&$!U+&!:-!3-&&43<4&->!,(!
?&'7-2:-!0+!%lI!(!:,(4&-)-23!'3'!+2!,-M4-&!?<+&!,(!&'(,47(34<2!0=+2!%68$!U(27!,+4>!,(!:<))+2-!(+&(43!&'(,47'!
(+!)4-+B!+2-!:(&3-!:<))+2(,-$!l<+7!?<+&&4<27!0<2:!?-27-&!@+-!,=-B473-2:-!0=+2!?(&:!-3!,-!0[2()47)-!@+=4,!
(??<&3-! 7+&! 0-7! f<2-7! ?(&N<47! 3&^7! &+&(,-7! ?-&)-3! `! 0-7! ?'&4)^3&-7! 0=a3&-! ?,+7! 0[2()4@+-7>! )a)-! 74! :-,(!
&-73-!?-&N-:34*,-$!
!"8,"7RE"$,*'"2*,"4,+"1)--*&,+"W%++,&'"4,*/"789"%4)/+".4+")&'"+*3$,&'.)&&;+"4,*/"/;%4.+%'.)&6"R)'/,"789"&)*+",+'"/,$,&*"%*"
-O-,"0/.P"2*=*&,"1%/',"1)--*&%4,6">b?"8,"0%/1":*"B)/$%&"%"%*++.")/Q%&.+;":,+";1@%&Q,+",'"*&"$.+.',":,"1)--*&,+":*"
B%++.W"Y,&'/%4"0)*/"$)./"1)--,&'".4+"Q;/%.,&'"4,*/"%-;&%Q,-,&'":*"',//.')./,6"<"B-,"C9D#EF("B%./,":,"G'"H/%&1@,/">IJ?"
K"B.+,",&"04%1,":*"L,/"789"
1W'A&"B(
,-.!&%!<"=>!
,-.!&%!,-?!
,-.!&%!,@A!
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#"!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
-M&'(
,-.!&%!<"=>!
,-.!&%!,-?!
,-.!&%!,@A!
(
N$MHGMF'(
,-.!&%!<"=>!
,-.!&%!,-?!
,-.!&%!,@A!
(
)"BB'(
,-.!&%!<"=>!
,-.!&%!,-?!
"
,-.!&%!,@A!
!
!
"
"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#.!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
aK 0G$B(G"H$G(I'(G5M&J$B%F#'Q(0"G%C%RM'F(I5$HHM'%G('C(I'(#$%BC%'B(I'(Z"ZMG$C%"BF(
! /$(Z&%F'('B(H"#ZC'(SLBL&$G'(I'F(Z&"JGL#$C%RM'F(I5$HHM'%G('C(I'(#$%BC%'B(I'(Z"ZMG$C%"B(
6-7!<*b-:34N7!0-!)(4234-2!-3!0=(::+-4,!0-!2<+M-(+B!C(*43(237!7<23!0(27!,=-77-2:-!)a)-!0-!,(!&'(,47(34<2!0=+2!
%68$!/=-73!,-!0'M-,<??-)-23!3-&&43<&4(,!0=+2-!:<))+2-!<+!0=423-&:<))+2(,43'!@+4!:<20+43!`!,(!)47-!-2!?,(:-!
0=+2!%68!-3!@+4!-73!-2:(0&'!?(&!:-,+4e:4$!
!
!" R)*+" $)*4.)&+" 0,/-,''/," A" :,+" W%-.44,+" )*" A" :,+" 5,*&,+" ,&" :;1)@%3.'%'.)&" :," 0)*$)./" +=.&+'%44,/" " +*/" &)'/,"
',//.')./,(" ')*'" ,&" 0/;+,/$%&'" 4=.:,&'.';" :," 4%" 1)--*&,6" >666?" [&" $,*'" %''./,/" :,+" -;&%Q,+" %$,1" ,&W%&'+" ,&"
W%1.4.'%&'"4%"$.,":,+"W%-.44,+"%//.$%&',+"<""B-,"C9D#EF("B%./,":,"G'"H/%&1@,/">IJ?"K"B.+,",&"04%1,":*"L,/"789"
!
6-!%68!?-&)-3!0=<&1(247-&!,-!0'M-,<??-)-23!+&*(42!0-!,(!:<))+2->!:-!0'M-,<??-)-23!?-&)-33(23!`!,(!N<47!
0-! )(423-24&! ,-7! ?<?+,(34<27! 0+! 3-&&43<4&-! -3! 'M-23+-,,-)-23! 0=-2! (::+-4,,4&! 0-! 2<+M-,,-7$! G(43&47-&! 7<2!
0'M-,<??-)-23!+&*(42>!:=-73!)(43&47-&!,(!:&<477(2:-!0')<1&(?C4@+-!0-!7<2!3-&&43<4&-!u!
!
!"U&" +," W.P%&'" 1)--," )35,1'.W" :," 1/).++%&1," 4," +,*.4" :," knX" @%3.'%&'+" A" 4=@)/.^)&" VXVn" A" &," 0%+" :;0%++,/(" 4%"
-*&.1.0%4.';":,"G%.&'eH/%&1@,/"+)*@%.',"-%o'/.+,/"+)&":;$,4)00,-,&'6"<"7#FF":*"789":,"G'"H/%&1@,/"
!
!"F%&+"4,"1%:/,":*"789("4,+";4*+"+)*@%.',&'"-%.&',&./"*&"&.$,%*":,"1)&+'/*1'.)&"4,*/"0,/-,''%&'":,"0)*/+*.$/,"
4,*/":;$,4)00,-,&'"A"*&"/N'@-,"-%o'/.+;",'"%:%0';"A"4,*/"1%0%1.';":=%11*,.4",&"-%'.S/,":=;2*.0,-,&'"_"+).'"0/S+"
:=*&,"1.&2*%&'%.&,":,"&)*$,%*P"4)Q,-,&'+":%&+"4,+"LX"0/)1@%.&,+"%&&;,+6"<"UP'/%.'":*"789":,"8%"Y/).P"G%.&'"
8,*W/)N"
"
6-7!?<?+,(34<27!-B473(23-7!34-22-23!(+!7-42!0-7!%68!+2-!?,(:-!?,+7!74124N4:(34M->!?&<*(*,-)-23!?(&:-!@+=-,,-7!
7<23! ?,+7! 'M40-23-7! `! (2(,[7-&$! 6-! %68! ?&-20! 7<42! 0-! 0'N424&! ,-7! *-7<427! 0-7! C(*43(237! -3! 0=[! (??<&3-&! 0-7!
&'?<27-7$!F??&'C-20-&!,-7!*-7<427!-3!,-7!(33-23-7!0-!N+3+&7!C(*43(237!-73!+2!-B-&:4:-!?,+7!04NN4:4,->!7<+M-23!
&'(,47'!-2!:<2740'&(23!:-7!*-7<427!:<))-!@+(74!40-234@+-7!`!:-+B!0-7!?<?+,(34<27!-2!?,(:-$!
!
!"8,"74%&"8)1%4":=9/3%&.+-,",+'"*&".&+'/*-,&'":,"04%&.W.1%'.)&"2*."'.,&'"1)-0',("%*"&.$,%*":*"',//.')./,":,"4%"
1)--*&,(" :=*&," $)4)&';" :," :;$,4)00,-,&'" :," 4%" 1)44,1'.$.';6" T4" 0/)1S:," A" *&," %&%4N+," :,+" ,+0%1,+" ,'" :," 4,*/+"
0)',&'.%4.';+" %.&+." 2*=A" 4=,+'.-%'.)&" :,+" 3,+).&+" ,P0/.-;+" 0%/" 4,+" @%3.'%&'+6" <" G)*/1," 7#FF" :*" 789" :," G'"
H/%&1@,/6"
"
!">b?" M%12*,N/%+" >b?" )WW/," *&" 1%:/," :," $.," %''/%1'.W" ,'" 0)++S:," *&" &.$,%*" :=;2*.0,-,&'+" ,'" :," +,/$.1,+"
/;0)&:%&'" %*P" 3,+).&+" :," 4%" 0)0*4%'.)&6" " 8%" 0/;+,/$%'.)&" :," 1," 1%:/," :," $.," ,+'" ,++,&'.,44," 0)*/" 4,+"
M%12*,N/%++.,&+("-%.+",44,"&,":).'"0%+"0)*/"%*'%&'",-0O1@,/"4,":;$,4)00,-,&'":,"4%"1)--*&,",'"&)'%--,&'"
4=%11*,.4":,"&)*$,%*P"4)Q,-,&'+6"<"UP'/%.'"7#FF":*"789":,"M%12*,N/%+"
!
%<+&!(+3(23>!7+&!2<7!@+(3&-!3-&&43<4&-7>!74!,-7!',+7!'M<@+-23!,-!)(4234-2!0-7!b-+2-7!C(*43(237!<+!,=(::+-4,!0-!
2<+M-(+B! )'2(1-7>! 4,! 2=-B473-! ?(7! 0-! ?<,434@+-7! 0=(::+-4,! -3! 0-! )(4234-2! -2! 3(23! @+-! 3-,,-$! ],! 7=(143! ,-! ?,+7!
7<+M-23!0-7!?&')4:-7!0=+2-!&'N,-B4<2!<+!0=(:34<27!?<2:3+-,,-7!7+&!+2-!3C')(34@+-!Q%(&!-B-)?,-!,-!,<1-)-23>!
:(&!,-7!',+7!&'7<22-23!7<+M-23!-2!3-&)-!0=!E!C(*43(237!HR!
"
!"[&"&=.&',/:.'"0%+"4=%11*,.4"1%/")&",&"%"3,+).&"0)*/"4,+"+,/$.1,+",'"4%"$.,":*"$.44%Q,6"i,"+*.+"0)*/"*&,"1/).++%&1,":,"
&)'/," 0)0*4%'.)&" %$,1" *&" )35,1'.W" 0)*/" VXVn" A" L6kXXlL6nXX" @%3.'%&'+6" <" " B6" CE#MTUE(" B%./," :," M%12*,N/%+" K"
E;$.+.)&":,"789",&"789"C/,&,44,"V"
"
!"8,+"&)*$,%*P"@%3.'%&'+"%//.$,&'"')*+"+,*4+6"8%"1)--*&,"&,"W%.'"0%+":=,WW)/'"0)*/"4,+"%''./,/">666?"p-%.+q"&)*+"
$)*4)&+" :;$,4)00,/" 4%" 1)--*&," +%&+" O'/," ,&$%@.+" :," 4%" -O-," -%&.S/," 2*," +*/" 4,+" :,/&.S/,+" %&&;,+" "<" F/"
G9YEUZ("B%./,":,"M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
!
!"8%"1)--*&,"%"1)&&*"*&,"1/).++%&1,":,"0)0*4%'.)&":,0*.+"4,+"%&&;,+"JX"Q/h1,"%*P"%1'.)&+":,"4%"B%./.,6">666?"8%"
B%./.," %" *&," $/%.," $)4)&';" :," :;$,4)00,-,&'" 1%/" +." 4%" 0)0*4%'.)&" 3%.++,(" 1=,+'" 04*+" :*/" 0)*/" -%.&',&./" 4,+"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#5!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
1)--,/1,+",'"4,+"+,/$.1,+6">666?"R)*+"$)*4)&+"%'',.&:/,"A"4)&Q"',/-,"LnXX"@%3.'%&'+"-%.+"&)*+"&=%$)&+":=)35,1'.W+"
[email protected]/;+":=%11*,.4":,"&)*$,%*P"@%3.'%&'+6"<""B6"g9UZ("B%./,":,"8%"Y/).P"G%.&'"8,*W/)N"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":*"7[G"
,&"789"
!
! /'(I%$SB"FC%H(
%&-)4^&-! '3(?-! 0(27! ,(! &'(,47(34<2! 0=+2! %68>! ,-! 04(12<734:! -73! 7<+M-23! ,-! 7-+,! 0<:+)-23! 0=(2(,[7-! :<)?,-3!
@+4! -B473-! ?<+&! 0-7! ?-343-7! :<))+2-7$! ],! ?-&)-3! (+B! ',+7>! 2<2! ?&<N-774<22-,7! 0-! ,=+&*(247)-! :<))-! 0-7!
?<,434@+-7! 0=(::+-4,7! -3! 0-! )(4234-2! 0-! ?<?+,(34<2>! 0-! N(4&-! ,-! ?<423! 7+&! ,(! &'(,43'! 0-! ,-+&! 3-&&43<4&->! 0-! 7<2!
(33&(:34M43'!-3!0-!7-7!04NN4:+,3'7$!
!
6-!04(12<734:!M(!)-33&-!0-7!:C4NN&-7!7+&!0-7!N(437!7+??<7'7!<+!&'-,7!QE!G(!:<))+2-!7-!M40-!H>!E!l<+7!7<))-7!
-2M(C47! ?(&! 0-7! &'740-2:-7! 7-:<20(4&-7!H>! E!],! [! (! *-(+:<+?! 0-! ,<1-)-237! M(:(237!H>! -3:$R! (N42! 0-! ?&'?(&-&!
-27+43-!0-7!0':474<27!-3!0-7!:C<4B!?<,434@+-7!?<+&!,-!?&<b-3!0-!0'M-,<??-)-23!0-!,(!:<))+2-$!
(
!"8%"1)--*&,"%"1)&&*"*&"/,Q%.&":=%''/%1'.$.';"1,+":,/&.S/,+"%&&;,+"&)'%--,&'"Q/h1,"A"+%"0/)P.-.';":=#$%44)&("
+)&"1%:/,":,"$.,",'"*&"%11S+"W%1.4.';"0%/"4%"0/)P.-.';"%$,1"4%"EF"fXf",'"4=%*')/)*',"#f"<"UP'/%.'":*":.%Q&)+'.1":*"
789":,"G%.&'"H/%&1@,/""
"
!"8%"'/%&+W)/-%'.)&":,+"/;+.:,&1,+"+,1)&:%./,+",'"4%"/;*'.4.+%'.)&":,"4)Q,-,&'+"$%1%&'+")&'";Q%4,-,&'"0,/-.+"
:,0*.+"4,+"LX":,/&.S/,+"%&&;,+"A":N&%-.+,/"1,"-%/1@;"-%4Q/;"*&,"1)&+'/*1'.)&"&,*$,"04*+""
W%.34,6"Z)*',W).+("4,"0)',&'.,4":%&+"4=,P.+'%&'"+=%WW%.34.'6"<"UP'/%.'"789":,"8%"Y/).P"G%.&'"8,*W/)N""
(
! /'(0&"Y'C(I51#LB$S'#'BC('C(I'(4LW'G"ZZ'#'BC(4M&$JG'(b0144c(
T&W)/-%'.)&" /;Q4,-,&'%./,"_" 8," 74%&" :=#-;&%Q,-,&'" ,'" :," F;$,4)00,-,&'" F*/%34," >7#FF?" 1)&+'.'*," 4%"
0/.&1.0%4," .&&)$%'.)&" :,0*.+" 2*," 4," 789" %" /,-04%1;" 4," 7[G6" Y,4*.e1." %00)/'," %*" 74%&" 8)1%4" :=9/3%&.+-," *&,"
0)/';,"0)4.'.2*,"2*."5*+2*=%4)/+"&=,P.+'%.'"0%+")*"0,*6"U&",WW,'("4,"7#FF"0,/-,'"A"4%"1)44,1'.$.';"4)1%4,":,":;W.&./"
:,+" )35,1'.W+" ,'" :,+" 0/)5,'+" ,&" ',/-,+" :=,&$./)&&,-,&'(" :," :;$,4)00,-,&'" ;1)&)-.2*,(" +)1.%4" ,'" */3%.&" ,'" 1,("
0)*/"4,+"LX"A"VX"%&+"A"$,&./6"
!
6-! %FDD! -73! +2-! '3(?-! :,'! 0+! %68! 74! ,=<2! 7<+C(43-! @+-! ,-! )(4234-2! -3! ,=(::+-4,! 0-7! ?<?+,(34<27! 7<4-23! 0-7!
?&4<&43'7! ?<+&! ,-! 3-&&43<4&-! 0(27! ,-7! (22'-7! `! M-24&$! %(&! ,(! 0'N42434<2! 0-7! <&4-23(34<27>! 0-7! (:34<27! -3! 0-7!
<?'&(34<27!0=()'2(1-)-23!`!)-33&-!-2!o+M&->!4,!)(3'&4(,47-!,-!?&<b-3!0-!,(!:<))+2-!-3!,-7!:C<4B!?<,434@+-7!
0-7!',+7!?<+&!,=(M-24&!`!:<+&3!-3!)<[-2!3-&)-7$!!
!
!"8\%-3.'.)&" :," :;$,4)00,-,&'" :," G%.&'eH/%&1@,/" 0)*/" 4,+" Ln" 0/)1@%.&,+" %&&;,+(" ,+'" :=%++)1.,/" 4=%11*,.4" :,"
&)*$,44,+"0)0*4%'.)&+"%$,1"4,+"0/.&1.0,+":*":;$,4)00,-,&'":*/%34,">b?",'"4%"0/;+,/$%'.)&":,"+)&".:,&'.';"/*/%4,"
,'"0%N+%QS/,6"<"G)*/1,"7#FF":*"789":,"G'"H/%&1@,/6"
"
6-!%FDD!M(!?-&)-33&-!`!,(!:<))+2-!0-!)-33&-!?(&!':&43!7-7!<*b-:34N7!-2!3-&)-!0-!:&<477(2:-!0-!?<?+,(34<2!
-3!0-!:(,4*&-&!,-7!)<[-27!-3!,-7!<+34,7!2':-77(4&-7!?<+&![!(&&4M-&!-2!)(34^&-!0=+&*(247(34<2$!!
"
F+!3&(M-&7!0-!:-!0<:+)-23>!,(!:<))+2-!M(!?,+7!,<42!@+-!,(!0'N42434<2!0-!E!74)?,-7!H!&^1,-7!0-!:<273&+:34<2$!
T,,-!?-+3>!?(&!-B-)?,->!7+4M(23!7<2!?&<b-3!0-!3-&&43<4&->!0':40-&!0=<&4-23-&!,=(NN-:3(34<2!0-7!3-&&(427!`!3-,!<+!
3-,!+7(1-!<+!*4-2!,(!:&'(34<2!0-!3-,!<+!3-,!3[?-!0-!,<1-)-237$!D(27!,-!%FDD>!-,,-!0':&43!-3!-B?,4@+-!7-7!:C<4B$!
!
D(27!,-!:(0&-!0=+2!?<,434@+-!0=(::+-4,!-3!0-!)(4234-2!0-7!?<?+,(34<27>!,(!:<))+2-!M(!?<+M<4&!4:4!4)?<7-&!0-7!
73&(3'14-7!-3!0-7!<+34,7!@+4!M<23!,+4!?-&)-33&-!0=(33-420&-!,-7!<*b-:34N7!@+=-,,-!7=-73!N4B'-!`!,(!N<47!-2!3-&)-!0-!
)(4234-2! Q?&'7-&M(34<2! 0+! :(0&-! *r34! -3! ?([7(1-&>! -B3-274<2! 0-7! *r34)-237! -B473(237>! 0'M-,<??-)-23! 0-!
f<2-7!0=(:34M43'7R!-3!0=(::+-4,!0-!2<+M-(+B!C(*43(237!Qf<2-!`!+&*(247-&>!?&<0+:34<2!0-!,<1-)-237>!-3:$R$!
!
!"G)&")35,1'.W",+'":=%11*,.44./"V"A"c"1)&+'/*1'.)&+"&,*$,+"0%/"%&("1,"2*.",&Q,&:/,/%.'"4=%//.$;,"-)N,&&,":,"-).&+"
:," @*.'" @%3.'%&'+" 0%/" %&6" 9&" 0@%+%Q," :=)*$,/'*/," :," 1,/'%.&,+" ^)&,+" 0,/-,''/%" :," /;Q*4,/" 4%" 1/).++%&1,"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#_!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
:;-)Q/%[email protected]*,(" ')*'" ,&" ,&$.+%Q,%&'" *&," :,&+.W.1%'.)&6" >b?" "#W.&" :," 0)*/+*.$/," 4=%11*,.4" :," 0)0*4%'.)&" ,'" +)&"
/,&)*$,44,-,&'("4%"1)--*&,"+)*@%.',"0/.$.4;Q.,/"*&,":.$,/+.W.1%'.)&":,"4=)WW/,":,"4)Q,-,&'6"U&",WW,'(",&")WW/%&'"
:,+" 4)Q,-,&'+" :," 0,'.',+" '%.44,+(" :*" 4)1%'.W(" 1,4%" 0,/-,'" :=%11)-0%Q&,/" 4%" 0)0*4%'.)&" :%&+" +)&" 0%/1)*/+"
/;+.:,&'.,4",'":,"W%$)/.+,/"+)&"-%.&'.,&6"<"7#FF":*"789":,"G%.&'"H/%&1@,/"
!
! /'F("&%'BC$C%"BF(I5$#LB$S'#'BC(
6-7! <&4-23(34<27! 0=()'2(1-)-23! 7<23! <??<7(*,-7! (+B! (+3<&47(34<27! 0=<::+?(34<2! 0+! 7<,! <+! (+B! <?'&(34<27!
0=()'2(1-)-23!0(27!+2-!&-,(34<2!0-!:<)?(34*4,43'$!
!
F!3&(M-&7!-,,-7>!,(!:<))+2-!M(!0'N424&!0-!)(24^&-!?&':47-!,=()'2(1-)-23!0-!:-&3(427!@+(&34-&7!<+!7-:3-+&7!
-3! 4)?<7-&! 7-7! :C<4B! (+B! N+3+&7! ()'2(1-+&7! <+! :<273&+:3-+&7$! T,,-! ?-+3! ?(&! -B-)?,-! [! &-:<))(20-&!
,=()'2(1-)-23! 0-! ,<1-)-237! ?<+&! 0-7! N()4,,-7! (M-:! -2N(237! (::-774*,-! N42(2:4^&-)-23! `! 3<+7>! ?,+3t3! @+-!
?-3437!,<1-)-237!'3+04(237$!
!
!"#W.&" :," W%$)/.+,/" *&," -.P.';" :," 4=@%3.'%'(" 4," R)/:" :*" +,1',*/" %*/%" *&," :,&+.';" 04*+" W)/'," 2*," 4," 0%/'.," +*:6"<"
[/.,&'%'.)&+":=%-;&%Q,-,&'":*"789":,"M%12*,N/%+"
!
6-7! <&4-23(34<27! 0=()'2(1-)-23! 7<23! '1(,-)-23! ,=<::(74<2! ?<+&! +2-! :<))+2-! 0-! )(3'&4(,47-&! +2! ?&<b-3!
2':-77(4&-!7-,<2!-,,-!(+!)(4234-2!-3!`!,=(::+-4,!0-!2<+M-(+B!C(*43(237$!
!
E!Y)&1,/&%&'" 4%" &)*$,44," ^)&," #9(" ,44," %11*,.44,/%" :,+" 4)Q,-,&'+" .&:.$.:*,4+(" -%.+" +*/,-,&'" :,+" 4)Q,-,&'+"
1)44;+6"Y,"2*."+,/%"1)&+'/*.'":,$/%"O'/,"HHY">;1)e$.44%Q,?(".4"N"%"*&,",&$,4)00,"W.&%&1.S/,">cXr"%00)/';"0%/"4%"
E;Q.)&?("-%.+"A"1)&:.'.)&+":,"1)&+'/*./,"Vnr":,"+)1.%46"Y,'',"^)&,"0,/-,''/%":,"/,&W)/1,/"4,"1s*/":,"$.44%Q,6"
B%.+" 4,+" ',//,+" &," +)&'" 0%+" A" &)*+" ,'" )&" &," +%.'" 0%+" 1)--,&'" 4,+" 0/)0/.;'%./,+" $)&'" /;%Q./6"<" UP'/%.'" :,"
4=,&'/,'.,&"%$,1"B-,"C9D#EF("B%./,":,"G'"H/%&1@,/">IJ?6"
"
/<2:-&2(23!,=(::+-4,!-3!,-!)(4234-2!0-!?<?+,(34<2>!,-7!',+7!<23!40-234N4'7!@+(3&-!<&4-23(34<27!)(b-+&-7!S!
- F14&!7+&!,-!:(0&-!-3!7+&!,(!M4-!0-!,(!:<))+2-!
!"8%" B%./.," W%.'" :,+" ,WW)/'+" 0)*/" /,&:/," 4%" 1)--*&," %Q/;%34,6" >666?" Y=,+'" 0)+.'.W6" #$%&'(" 4%" 1)--*&,"
:;0;/.++%.'"%$,1"3,%*1)*0":,"0,/+)&&,+"hQ;,+",'":,+"3h'.+",&"/*.&,6"B%.&',&%&'(".4"N"%":*"+%&Q"&,*W",'"4,"
',//.')./,"/,$.'6"<"F/"G9YEUZ("B%./,":,"M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
!"8,+"5,*&,+"&,"$,*4,&'"0%+"$,&./"+*/"&)'/,"1)--*&,"1%/".4"&=N"%"0%+":=%&.-%'.)&"0)*/"4,+"5,*&,+6"<"F/"
G9YEUZ("B%./,":,"M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G",&"789"
!
- %-&)-33&-!,=(::-774<2!`!,(!?&<?&4'3'!
!"7)*/"%'',.&:/,"4,+")/.,&'%'.)&+":*"789(":)&'"4,":;$,4)00,-,&'":=*&,"0)4.'.2*,":=%11*,.4(":,"&)*$,44,+"
^)&,+" )&'" ;';" )*$,/',+" ,'" 4%" :,&+.W.1%'.)&" :*" 1,&'/," 3)*/Q" %" ;';" :;1.:;6"B%.+" .4" %" W%44*" %*++." 1)//.Q,/"
1,/'%.&,+" %&)-%4.,+" :*" 7[G" ,'" 1,/'%.&+" @%-,%*P" +)&'" -%.&',&%&'" .&1)&+'/*1'.34,+6" >666?" T4" N" %" ,*" k"
4)'.++,-,&'+" +*11,++.W+6" 7)*/" 4,+" W%./,(" 4%" 1)--*&," %" %1@,',/" :*" W)&1.,/" ,'" %*++." *'.4.+,/" +)&" F/).'" :,"
7/;,-0'.)&"9/3%.&6">666?"8,+"4)'.++,-,&'+")&'"%''./;+":,+"5,*&,+"-;&%Q,+6"<"B6"g9UZ("B%./,":,"8%"Y/).P"
G%.&'"8,*W/)N"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":*"7[G",&"789"
!"Y,/'%.&+" ',//%.&+" +*3.++,&'" :," 4%" /;',&'.)&" W)&1.S/," 1," 2*." 1)&:*.'" A" :,+" :.+1)&'.&*.';+" */3%.&,+6" 8%"
B%./.,"&,"+)*@%.',"0%+"4,+"1)&'/%.&:/,6"<"F/"G9YEUZ("B%./,":,"M%4%:N">LV?"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":=*&"7[G"
,&"789"
!"T4" N" %" :,+" @%3.'%&'+" 2*." +)&'" 0%/'.+6" 7%/W).+" 0%/1," 2*=.4+" &," '/)*$%.,&'" 0%+" :," 4)Q,-,&'+" )*" :=)WW/,+"
%:%0';,+6"F%&+" 4," 789(" )&" %" :;1.:;" 04*+.,*/+" %1'.)&+" %W.&" :," 1)&'/,/" 1,'" %+0,1'"_" ^)&,+" A" */3%&.+,/("
:,&+.W.1%'.)&":,"4%"^)&,"*/3%.&,",'"-)3.4.+%'.)&"!":,&'+"1/,*+,+"<"B6"CE#MTUE("B%./,":,"M%12*,N/%+"K"
E;$.+.)&":,"789",&"789"C/,&,44,"V"
!
- /&'-&!+2-!<NN&-!0-!,<1-)-23!(::-774*,-!
!"8%" 1)&+'/*1'.)&" :," VJ" 4)Q,-,&'+(" :)&'" n" ,&" %11,++.)&(" +*/" *&" %&1.,&" ',//%.&" $.'.1)4," :=L@%(" $%"
0,/-,''/,"A"4%"B%./.,":,"/,4)Q,/":,+"0,/+)&&,+"-%4e4)Q;+"+*/"4,"$.44%Q,")*":,"W%./,"/,$,&./":,+"0,/+)&&,+"
2*.";'%.,&'"0%/'.,+6">666?"8%"B%./.,"%"*'.4.+;"+)&"F/).'":,"7/;,-0'.)&"9/3%.&"%W.&":,"0)*$)./"%1@,',/"*&"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#d!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
.--,*34," ,'" N" W%./," :,+" 4)Q,-,&'+"<" B6" CE#MTUE(" B%./," :," M%12*,N/%+" K" E;$.+.)&" :," 789" ,&" 789"
C/,&,44,"V"
!"R)*+" +)*@%.')&+" -,''/," :%&+" &)'/," 789" ')*'," *&," 0)4.'.2*," :," 4=@%3.'%'" %$,1" *&" 3%.44,*/" %W.&" :,"
0,/-,''/,"%*P"5,*&,+"-;&%Q,+"-):,+',+":,"W%./,"4=%12*.+.'.)&":,"4)Q,-,&'+")*"4%"4)1%'.)&l%11,++.)&6"<""
B-,"C9D#EF("B%./,":,"G'"H/%&1@,/">IJ?"K"B.+,",&"04%1,":*"L,/"789"
!"G*/"4,+"4)'.++,-,&'+("4%"B%./.,"%"W%.'"1)&+'/*./,":,+"4)Q,-,&'+"4)1%'.W+"0*34.1+":S+"4,":;3*'":,+"%&&;,+"
JX6<"B6"g9UZ("B%./,":,"8%"Y/).P"G%.&'"8,*W/)N"K"Z/%&+W)/-%'.)&":*"7[G",&"789"
!
-
G(423-24&!,-7!?<?+,(34<27!-2!?,(:-!
!"Y," 2*," 4=)&" W%.'" 0)*/" %11*,.44./" :," &)*$,%*P" @%3.'%&'+" :)&&," %*++." :,+" /;+*4'%'+" 0)*/" -%.&',&./" 4,+"
@%3.'%&'+6">666?" R)*+" %$)&+" 1)&+,/$;" ,'" :;$,4)00;" :,+" 4)Q,-,&'+" 1)--*&%*P6" Y," 0%/1" :," Ln" 4)Q,-,&'+"
W%.'")WW.1,":,"/,4%.+"0)*/"4,+"5,*&,+":*"',//.')./,"2*.":;1)@%3.',&'<"B6"CE#MTUE("B%./,":,"M%12*,N/%+"K"
E;$.+.)&":,"789",&"789"C/,&,44,"V"
"
! /'(&ESG'#'BC(
T&W)/-%'.)&"/;Q4,-,&'%./,"_"8,"/SQ4,-,&'"+=%11)-0%Q&,":=*&":)1*-,&'"Q/%[email protected]*,"2*.":;4.-.',"4,"',//.')./,",&"
04*+.,*/+"^)&,+">9("#9("#b?(" 1,4*.e1."0,/-,'" :," W.P,/" :,+"/SQ4,+" 2*%&'" %*P" 1)&+'/*1'.)&+6" Y,/'%.&,+"1)--*&,+("
&)'%--,&'",&"',//.')./,"/*/%4("+*3.++,&'":,+"1)&+'/*1'.)&+"!"+%*$%Q,+"<"+*/":,+"',//%.&+".&%:%0';+",'"+)&'(":,"1,"
W%.'(" :%&+" 4=)34.Q%'.)&" :=;4%3)/,/" *&" 74%&" 8)1%4" :=9/3%&.+-," 0)*/" N" /,-;:.,/6" 9&," W).+" -.+" ,&" 04%1,(" 4," 789"
1)*$/," 4=.&';Q/%4.';" :*" ',//.')./,(" N" 1)-0/.+" 4,+" t)&,+" :=#-;&%Q,-,&'" Y)&1,/';" >t#Y?" 2*." :.+0)+%.,&'"
%*0%/%$%&'" :," 4,*/" 0/)0/," :)1*-,&'" :=*/3%&.+-,(" 4%" 74%&" :=#-;&%Q,-,&'" :," t)&," >7#t?6" G,*4+" 4,+" +,1',*/+"
+%*$,Q%/:;+" %*" +,&+" :," 4%" 4)." B%4/%*P(" +)&'" ,P14*+" :*" 1@%-0+" :*" 789(" -O-," +." ,44,+" :).$,&'" N" W.Q*/,/" ,&"
%&&,P,+6"
!
6-! &^1,-)-23! 2=(! ?(7! 0-! ,4-2! 04&-:3! (M-:! ,=(::+-4,! -3! ,-! )(4234-2! 0-7! ?<?+,(34<27! )(47! +2! E!)(+M(47!H!
&^1,-)-23!?<+&&(43!,4)43-&!,-!)(4234-2!0-7!C(*43(237!<+!N&-42-&!,=(::+-4,!0-!2<+M-,,-!?<?+,(34<2$!
!
6-7!0-+B!?&42:4?(,-7!f<2-7!:<2:-&2'-7!-3!,-+&7!&^1,-)-237!7<23!,-7!f<2-7!8F!Qf<2-!+&*(42-!M4(*4,47'-R!-3!F8!
Qc<2-!`!+&*(247-&R$!
!
T2! f<2-! 8F>! ,(! )47-! -2! ?,(:-! 0-! 7-:3-+&! ?<+&&(! a3&-! -2M47(1'->! 2<3())-23! ?<+&! -B?&4)-&! 0-7! <*b-:34N7!
047342:37!0-!0-2743'!<+!0-!C(+3-+&!0-!*r34$!/-,(!?-&)-33&(!0-!&'C(*4,43-&!0-7!*r347!0-M-2+7!42(0(?3'7!`!,(!M4-!
)<0-&2-!<+!0-7!-B3-274<27!!+34,-7!`!0-7!)'2(1-7!-2!?,(:-$!!
!
6(!f<2-!F8!?-&)-3!423-,,41-))-23!0=<+M&4&!-2!?,+74-+&7!3-)?7!0-7!f<2-7!`!+&*(247-&!-3!0-7!,-7!()'2(1-&!
7+4M(23! ,-7! <&4-23(34<27! 0=()'2(1-)-23! Q:N! 7+?&(R$! 82-! )<04N4:(34<2! <+! +2! &'M474<2! 0+! %68! ?-+3! a3&-!
2':-77(4&-!0(27!,-!3-)?7!?<+&!<+M&4&!0-!)(24^&-!<?'&(34<22-,,-!:-&3(42-7!f<2-7!F8!0+!%68$!T,,-7!3&(0+47-23!
,(! M<,<23'! :<))+2(,-! `! ,<21! 3-&)->! ,-+&! ?C(7(1-! 0<22-! 0-! ,(! M474*4,43'! (+! ?&<b-3! 0=-B3-274<2! +&*(42-! 0+!
3-&&43<4&-$!!
!!
! /'F(G%#%C'F(I'(G5LHD'GG'(H"##MB$G'(
82-!0-!?&42:4?(,-!,4)43-!-2!)(34^&-!0-!?&<b-3!0=(::+-4,!-3!0-!)(4234-2!0-7!?<?+,(34<27!0-7!%68!-73!@+=4,7!7<23>!
2<3())-23!-2!)4,4-+!&+&(,>!?,+3t3!&'(,47-&!`!,=':C-,,-!:<))+2(,-$!6=423-&:<))+2(,43'!N(47(23!3<+3-N<47!?-343!
`! ?-343! 7<2! :C-)42>! 0-! ?,+7! -2! ?,+7! 0-! %68>! )a)-! :<))+2(+B>! ?&-22-23! -2! :<)?3-! ,-7! 0<22'-7! 7+?&(!
:<))+2(,-7!-3!:C-&:C-23!,(!:<C'&-2:-!(M-:!,-+&7!M<47427$!
!
D(27!,=FM-[&<2>!,='3+0-!0-!%68!0-!ZF6FDj!(!'3'!,(2:'-!0(27!,-!:(0&-!0=+2!(??-,!0=<NN&-!1&<+?'!(M-:!0=(+3&-7!
:<))+2-7$!/-7!)(4&4-7!(??(&34-22-23!3<+3-7!`!,(!)a)-!423-&:<))+2(,43'$!82!?&'!%FDD!(!)a)-!'3'!0&-77'!
`!,=':C-,,-!0-!:-!1&<+?-)-23$!6-7!<&4-23(34<27!0+!%&'e%FDD!423-&:<))+2(,!-3!0-7!%FDD!:<))+2(+B!7<23!
0=(4,,-+&7!40-234@+-7$!
"
!"T4" >4," 7#FF?" 1)&+'.'*," *&," :;14.&%.+)&" 1)--*&%4," :*" 7/;e7#FF" ;'%34." A" 4=;1@,44," :*" Q/)*0,-,&'" :=;'*:,6" T4"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#A!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
0/,&:":)&1",&"1)-0',+":,+":)&&;,+"+*0/%1)--*&%4,+("%.&+."2*,"4,+")/.,&'%'.)&+".++*,+":,"4%"Y@%/',"F)*/:)*("
Y%*++,",'"E)*Q.,/"<"UP'/%.'":*"7#FF":*"789":,"M%4%:N6"
!
!
*
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
#W!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
/'(0&"S&$##'(/"H$G(I'(G5,$J%C$C(
!
!
<K 0&L$#JMG'(
%<+&! (2(,[7-&! ,=4)?(:3! ?<3-234-,! 0-7! %&<1&())-7! ,<:(+B! 0-! ,=C(*43(3!
7+&! ,=(::+-4,! -3! ,-! )(4234-2! 0-7! ?<?+,(34<27! -2! )4,4-+! &+&(,>! 0-+B!
3-&&43<4&-7!<23!'3'!<*7-&M'7$!
6(! :<))+2(+3'! 0-! :<))+2-7! 0-!
8$G#'F( 4$MZD%B"%F'F>! 3-&&43<4&-!
0-! W! :<))+2-7>! ?&<:C-! 0-! ,=]7,-!
0=F*-(+! 0(27! ,=]7^&->! &'(,47-! 7<2!
?&-)4-&! %&<1&())-! 6<:(,! 0-!
,=K(*43(3$! T,,-! :<)?3-! ?,+7! 0-!
#P$PPP! C(*43(237! -3! :<22(g3! 7+&!
:-&3(427!0-!:-7!*<+&17!+2-!:&<477(2:-!74124N4:(34M-!7<+7!,=42N,+-2:-!0-!
,=(B-!6[<2e\&-2<*,-$!
!
! 6-!%6K!
D-?+47! #;W.>! ?,+74-+&7! 3-B3-7! 0-! ,<4! <23!
?-&)47! 0-! N(4&-! 'M<,+-&! ,-! %6K! ?<+&! -2!
(&&4M-&! (+! 0<:+)-23! @+-! 2<+7!
:<22(477<27!(+b<+&0=C+4!S!!
• "4).":*"d"5%&$.,/"LJIc"
• "1./1*4%./,"+*"d"-%."LJIn"
• 4)." :=[/.,&'%'.)&" 0)*/" 4%" M.44," >8[M?"
:*"Lc"5*.44,'"LJJL"
• 4)." :*" VL" 5%&$.,/" LJJn" !"/,4%'.$," A" 4%"
:.$,/+.';":,"4=@%3.'%'"<"
• 4)." :," -.+," ,&" s*$/," :*" 7%1'," :,"
/,4%&1,"0)*/"4%"$.44,":*"Lk"&)$,-3/,"
LJJf"
• 4)." !":," 4*''," 1)&'/," 4,+" ,P14*+.)&+"<"
:*"VJ"5*.44,'"LJJI""
• "4)."!"/,4%'.$,"%*"/,&W)/1,-,&'",'"A"4%"
+.-04.W.1%'.)&"
:,"
4=.&',/1)--*&%4.';"<" :*" LV" 5*.44,'"
LJJJ""
• 8)."
:="!"[/.,&'%'.)&"
0)*/"
4=#-;&%Q,-,&'" ,'" 4," F;$,4)00,-,&'"
F*/%34," :*" ',//.')./,"<" :*" Vn" 5*.&"
LJJJ"
• "!"4)." G)4.:%/.';" ,'" E,&)*$,44,-,&'"
9/3%.&"<":*"Lc":;1,-3/,"VXXX""
• !"4)." 8.3,/';+" ,'" /,+0)&+%3.4.';+"
4)1%4,+"<":*"Lc"%)u'"VXXk"
• 4)." .&+'.'*%&'" 4," F/).'" %*" 8)Q,-,&'"
[00)+%34,">F#8[?":*"n"-%/+"VXXd"
• 4)." !"U&Q%Q,-,&'" R%'.)&%4" 0)*/" 4,"
8)Q,-,&'"<":*"Lc"5*.44,'"VXXf"
• 4)." :," -)3.4.+%'.)&" 0)*/" 4," 4)Q,-,&'"
,'" 4%" 4*''," 1)&'/," 4=,P14*+.)&" :*" Vn"
-%/+"VXXJ"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
6(! :<))+2(+3'! 0-! :<))+2-7! 0+!
3$BC"B( I'( 7"HD'F'&W%E&'! &'(,47-!
7<2! .^)-! %&<1&())-7! ,<:(,-7! 0-!
,=C(*43(3$! %-343-! 423-&:<))+2(,43'!
0-! d! )-)*&-7! 743+'-! (+! l<&0! 0-! ,(!
Z-20'->!,-!:(23<2!0-!I<:C-7-&M4^&-!
:<)?3-! ?,+7! 0-! ##$PPP! C(*43(237$! F!
'@+40473(2:-! 0-! l(23-7! -3! 0-! 6(!
I<:C-! 7+&! j<2>! ,-! :(23<2! :<22(g3!
+2-! ?&-774<2! 4)?<&3(23! 7+&! 7<2!
)(&:C'!4))<*4,4-&!(M-:!0-7!)41&(34<27!?-20+,(4&-7!4)?<&3(23-7$!
!
?K 3$I&'(&LSG'#'BC$%&'((
! UM5'FC(H'(RM5MB(Z&"S&$##'(G"H$G(I'(G5D$J%C$CT(
%&42:4?(,!047?<7434N!-2!)(34^&-!0-!?<,434@+-!0+!,<1-)-23!-2!9&(2:->!,-!
%6K! -73! +2! 0<:+)-23! 73&(3'14@+-! 0=<*7-&M(34<2>! 0-! 0'N42434<2! -3! 0-!
?&<1&())(34<2! 42:,+(23!,-! ?(&:! ?&4M'! -3! ?+*,4:>! ,(! 1-734<2! 0+! ?(&:!
-B473(23! -3! 0-7! 2<+M-,,-7! :<273&+:34<27! (4274! @+-! ,-7! ?<?+,(34<27!
7?':4N4@+-7$! ],! (! ?-&)47! (+B! :<,,-:34M43'7! ,<:(,-7! 0-! 7=(??&<?&4-&!
?&<1&-774M-)-23!,(!:<)?'3-2:-!C(*43(3>!0-!73&+:3+&-&!,-!0'*(3!,<:(,!-3!
0-! :<<&0<22-&! ,-7! (:3-+&7! 0+! ,<1-)-23! (4274! @+-! ,-7! ?&<b-37!
0=()'2(1-)-23$!F+b<+&0=C+4>!4,!2-!:<27343+-!?,+7!+2!74)?,-!0<:+)-23!
0='3+0-$! 6-! ,'147,(3-+&! (! :<2740'&(*,-)-23! &-2N<&:'! 7(! ?<&3'-!
b+&404@+-!-3!<?'&(34<22-,,-$!
!
F+b<+&0=C+4! '3(*,43! 7-,<2! ,=(&34:,-! 6.P"e#! 0+! /<0-! 0-! ,(! /<273&+:34<2!
-3!0-!,=K(*43(34<2>!,-!%6K!(!?<+&!<*b-:34N7!0-!S!!
• %&<0+4&-! +2-! ?<,434@+-! ,<:(,-! :<C'&-23-! &'?<20(23!
@+(2343(34M-)-23! -3! @+(,43(34M-)-23! (+B! *-7<427! -2!
,<1-)-237>! -2! (77+&(23! +2-! <NN&-! 0-! ,<1-)-23! '@+4,4*&'-! -3!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"
"
"
"
! 6-! %DK! v-7(w<!x! y+-,,-7!
04NN'&-2:-7!(M-:!,-!%6K!x!
6-!%,(2!D'?(&3-)-23(,!0-!,=K(*43(3!(!'3'!
423&<0+43! ?(&! ,=(&34:,-! dW! 0-! ,(! ,<4!!
?<+&3(23! ?<+&! T21(1-)-23! l(34<2(,!
?<+&! ,-! 6<1-)-23! 0+! #.! b+4,,-3! "PPd>!
0(27! +2! 7<+:47! 0-! :<C'&-2:-! -23&-! ,-7!
?<,434@+-7! )-2'-7! 0(27! ,-7! 3-&&43<4&-7!
:<+M-&37! ?(&! 0-7! %6K! -3! :-,,-7! )-2'-7!
0(27! ,-! &-73-! 0+! 0'?(&3-)-23! $! 6-7!
<*b-:34N7!7<23!S!
• #++*/,/" *&," 1)*$,/'*/," :,+"
',//.')./,+"+%&+"78g"
• 7/,&:/," ,&" 1)-0'," 4,+" ',//.')./,+"
0;/.e*/3%.&+"4)1%4.+;+"%*P"W/%&Q,+":,+"
U7YT6"
!
6-!%DK!2-!:<)?<&3-!?(7!0-!?&<1&())-!
0=(:34<27$!],!0'N4243!,-7!)<0(,43'7!0-!)47-!
-2! ?,(:-! 0=+2! 047?<7434N! 0=<*7-&M(34<2!
:<273&+43! -2! ,4-2! (M-:! ,-7! (+3&-7!
047?<7434N7!-B473(237$!
!
6-!%DK!0<43!a3&-!-2!:<2N<&)43'!(M-:!,-7!
<&4-23(34<27!0+!U/YX!-3!0-7!%6K!(0<?3'7!
7+&! ,-! 0'?(&3-)-23$! ],! ?&-20! '1(,-)-23!
-2! :<)?3-! ,-7! *-7<427! 0'N4247! ?(&! ,-!
%DF6%D$!
!
6=',(*<&(34<2!7-!N(43!:<2b<423-)-23!-23&-!
,=z3(3>! ,-! /<27-4,! \'2'&(,! -3! ,-7! T%/]!
-21(1'7!0(27!,(!0')(&:C-$!
!
"
#;!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!
•
•
•
04M-&74N4'-!-23&-!,-7!:<))+2-7!-3!@+(&34-&7!0=+2-!)a)-!f<2-!{!4,!0<43!0'N424&!,-7!7<,+34<27!(0(?3'-7!`!
:C(@+-!:<)?<7(23-!0-!7<2!3-&&43<4&-!{!
D&-77-&!-3!)-33&-!`!b<+&!,m'3(3!0-7!,4-+B!0+!?(&:!0-!,<1-)-237!?&4M'!-3!?+*,4:!-B473(23!{!
D':40-&>! )-33&-! -2! o+M&-! -3! 'M(,+-&! 0-7! (:34<27! 0-! &-2<+M-,,-)-23! +&*(42! -3! 0-! )(g3&47-! N<2:4^&-!
Q?<+&! 2<3())-23! ,4)43-&! ,(! ?'&4+&*(247(34<2! -3! 7-7! -NN-37! 2'1(34N7! -2! 3-&)-7! 0-! :<27<))(34<2!
0m-7?(:-7! (1&4:<,-7! -3! 2(3+&-,7>! 0m4)?-&)'(*4,47(34<2! 0-7! 7<,7! -3! ')4774<27! 0-! 1(f! `! -NN-3! 0-! 7-&&->!
:<2N<&)')-23! (+B! <*b-:34N7! 0-7! %FDD! -3! ,-! :(7! ':C'(23! 0-7! F1-20(! "#! <+! 0+! \&-2-,,-! 0-!
,m-2M4&<22-)-23R!{!
9(M<&47-&!,(!)4B43'!7<:4(,->!-2!N(M<&47(23!+2-!&'?(&3434<2!'@+4,4*&'-!0-7!,<1-)-237!7<:4(+B!7+&!3<+3!,-!
3-&&43<4&-!0-!,m'3(*,477-)-23!?+*,4:!0-!:<<?'&(34<2!423-&:<))+2(,-!QT%/]R$!
!
],!-73!'3(*,43!?<+&!+2-!?'&4<0-!0m(+!)<427!_!(27!Q1'2'&(,-)-23!74B!(27>!(M(23!0=a3&-!&'M47'R!
!
D-?+47!,(!4).":,"G)4.:%/.';",'"E,&)*$,44,-,&'"9/3%.&":*"Lc":;1,-3/,"VXXX>!6-!%6K!7=4)?<7-!(+B!S!!
e
6-!%68!Q%,(2!6<:(,!0-!,=8&*(247)-R!U=4,!2=-73!?(7!:<)?(34*,->!,(!&'M474<2!0-7!%68!0<43!a3&-!-NN-:3+'-!
0(27!,-7!3&<47!(27$!U4!,(!)<04N4:(34<2!2m-73!3<+b<+&7!?(7!N(43-!(?&^7!3&<47!(27>!,-!?&'N-3!?-+3!0':,-2:C-&!
+2-!!"0/)1;:*/,":,"-.+,",&"1)&W)/-.';"<!{!
6-7!/(&3-7!/<))+2(,-7$!!
e
!
%(&!:<23&->!4,!0<43!?&-20&-!-2!:<)?3-!S!
e
e
e
6-!%D8!Q%,(2!0-!D'?,(:-)-237!8&*(427R!
6-!%FDD!Q%,(2!0=F)'2(1-)-23!-3!0-!D'M-,<??-)-23!D+&(*,-R!
,-7!0<:+)-237!0=<&4-23(34<2!-3!0-!?&<1&())(34<2!0-7!U/YX!-3!,-7!7:C')(7!0-!7-:3-+&!Q#/'.14,"86LVVe
LeLk("-):.W.;"0%/"4%"4)."C/,&,44,"TTR!
!
6-!%&<1&())-!6<:(,!0-!,=K(*43(3!0<43!4)?'&(34M-)-23!:<)?&-20&-!,-7!0<:+)-237!7+4M(237!S!
•
•
•
,-!04(12<734:>!
,='2<2:'!0-7!?&42:4?-7!-3!0-7!<*b-:34N7>!
,-!?&<1&())-!0=(:34<27$!
!
6=<*b-:34N!0=+2!%6K!-73!0=4204@+-&!,-7!)<[-27!N<2:4-&7!?&'M+7!?(&!,-7!:<))+2-7!<+!,-7!T%/]>!:<)?'3-237!-2!
)(34^&-!0=+&*(247)->!?<+&!?(&M-24&!(+B!<*b-:34N7!-3!?&42:4?-7!N4B'7$!6-7!<*b-:34N7!0+!%6K!?&-22-23!-2!:<)?3-!
,-7!<?34<27!0=()'2(1-)-23!0+!U/YX!-3!-2!?(&34:+,4-&!,='@+4,4*&-!0-7!,<1-)-237!7<:4(+B!7+&!+2-!:<))+2-$!
!
! /'F(I'&B%E&'F(LW"GMC%"BF(&LSG'#'BC$%&'F(d(G$(G"%(:"J%G%F$C%"B(Z"M&(G'(/"S'#'BC('C(G$(/MCC'(
H"BC&'(G5-OHGMF%"B(IM(?^(#$&F(?\\@(
!
6=(&34:,-! "W! 0-! ,(! ,<4! 0+! "_! )(&7! "PP;! 7=427:&43! 0(27! ,(! :<2342+43'! 0-7! )<04N4:(34<27! ,'147,(34M-7!
7+::-774M-)-23!(??<&3'-7!(+B!%6K!0-?+47!"PP5$!6-7!)<04N4:(34<27!7=(&34:+,-23!(+3<+&7!0-!3&<47!(B-7!S!
!
/5"JG%S$C%"B(Z"M&(I'F(C'&&%C"%&'F(e(X('BY'MO(f(I5LG$J"&'&(MB(0/,(S(
• ,-7!T%/]!7<+C(43(23!?&-20&-!,(!0','1(34<2!0-!:<)?'3-2:-7!0-7!(40-7!`!,(!?4-&&->!!
•
,-7!/<))+2(+3'7!8&*(42-7!-3!/<))+2(+3'7!0=F11,<)'&(34<2!@+4!-B-&:-23!0-!N(43!:-33-!:<)?'3-2:->!!
•
,-7!/<))+2(+3'7!0-!/<))+2-7!@+4!<23!?&47!,(!:<)?'3-2:-!C(*43(3!-3!@+4!:<)?3-23!?,+7!0-!.P!PPP!!
C(*43(237!(M-:!+2-!M4,,-!:-23&-!0-!?,+7!0-!#P!PPP!C(*43(237$!!
•
,-7!:<))+2-7!0-!?,+7!0-!"P!PPP!C(*43(237!@+4!2-!7<23!?(7!)-)*&-7!0m+2-!73&+:3+&-!423-&:<))+2(,-$!
/-33-!047?<7434<2!3<+:C-!W"!:<))+2-7!0<23!d5!,<:(,47'-7!-2!],-!0-!9&(2:-$!
!
/5"ZL&$C%"BB$G%CL(I'F(0/,((
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"P!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!
6-!?&<1&())-!0=(:34<27!:C(21-!S!4,!-73!0'7<&)(47!'3(*,43!?(&!:<))+2->!4,!0':,42-!,-!2<)*&-!-3!,-!3[?-!
0-!,<1-)-237!-3!4,!0-M&(!:<)?<&3-&!0-7!<&4-23(34<27!-2!)(34^&-!0-!0'?,(:-)-237!Q-2!&(??<&3!(M-:!,-7!
f<2-7!0=C(*43(34<2R!
•
• 6=(&34:+,(34<2!-23&-!,-!%6K!-3!,-!0<:+)-23!0=+&*(247)-!-2!M41+-+&!-73!&-2N<&:'-$!
!
/'(Z"MW"%&(IM(Z&LP'C(
• 6-!?&'N-3!0<43!7-!?<&3-&!1(&(23!0-!,=(0<?34<2!0+!%6K$!\&r:-!(+!?<&3'!`!:<22(477(2:-!Q%F/R!@+=4,!0<43!
N<+&24&!`!,(!:<,,-:34M43'>!4,!?-+3!0<22-&!0-7!',')-237!0-!:(0&(1-!-3!0-7!<*b-:34N7!`!?&-20&-!-2!:<)?3-!
`!,(!:<,,-:34M43'$!F+!)<)-23!0-!,(!M(,40(34<2!0+!%&<1&())->!4,!?-+3!'1(,-)-23!N(4&-!M(,<4&!7<2!(M47!-3!
:-,+4!0+!/IK$!6(!:<,,-:34M43'!0-M&(!?&-20&-!-2!:<)?3-!,-7!)<04N4:(34<2!@+4!,-+&7!7-&<23!0-)(20'-7$!!
•
6(!,<4!&-2N<&:-!,=(&34:+,(34<2!-23&-!%6K!-3!0','1(34<2!0-!:<)?'3-2:-7!S!6-!?&'N-3!-73!-2!0&<43!0-!
&-N+7-&!+2-!0-)(20-!0-!0','1(34<2>!4,!2=-73!'1(,-)-23!?(7!3-2+!0-!:<2:,+&-!<+!&-2<+M-,-&!+2-!
:<2M-234<2>!-2N42>!4,!(!,-7!)<[-27!0=42:43-&!,-7!0','1(3(4&-7!`!&-7?-:3-&!,-+&7!-21(1-)-237$!
!
! /$(Z&"HLIM&'(I'(&L$G%F$C%"B(I5MB(Z&"S&$##'(G"H$G(I'(G5D$J%C$C(b0/,c(
!
6B'(LG$J"&$C%"B('B(C&"%F(C'#ZF(
Les modalités d'élaboration d'un PLH sont encadrées par les articles R. 302-1 à 14 du Code de la construction et de
l’habitation qui prévoit une association de droit de l'Etat, une concertation élargie aux acteurs et professionnels du
logement, la consultation du Préfet et du Comité régional de l'habitat (CRH).
Bien que le PLH ne fasse pas l'objet d'une enquête publique, le délai entre la phase d'engagement de la démarche et
l’adoption du projet est évalué en moyenne à 2 ans et 8 mois. En revanche, le recours à une procédure simplifiée
pour apporter des modifications au projet est possible dans certains cas depuis la loi ENL.
Le pouvoir du Préfet de département a été renforcé récemment par la loi mobilisation pour le logement. La prise en
compte de son avis sur le projet est désormais obligatoire, faute de quoi la décision d'adoption du document ne
pourra devenir exécutoire.
Enfin, le principe de mise en compatibilité entre PLH et documents d’urbanisme a été instauré puis renforcé pour
anticiper et faciliter la mise en œuvre des actions définies dans le PLH.
-C$Z'(<(d(7L$G%F'&(MB(I%$SB"FC%H(Z$&C$SL((
#&%4N+,/"4,"-%/1@;":,"4=@%3.'%'("Y@).+./"*&"
0;/.-S'/,":=%&%4N+,"0,/'.&,&'("B,''/,",&"
;$.:,&1,"4,+"3,+).&+",'":;+;2*.4.3/,+"+*/"4,+"
:.WW;/,&'+"+,Q-,&'+("U$%4*,/"4,+"1%0%1.';+"
:=%11*,.4":,+"1)--*&,+("E,0;/,/"4,"5,*":,+"
%1',*/+("B,''/,",&"0,/+0,1'.$,"4,+";$)4*'.)&+""
-C$Z'(?(d(4LP%B%&(G'F("&%'BC$C%"BF(
FC&$CLS%RM'F((
v%./,"*&"1@).P":,":;$,4)00,-,&'("T:,&'.W.,/"
4,+"'N0,+":=@%3.'%'"A"0/.$.4;Q.,/("F;W.&./"*&,"
+'/%';Q.,":,"0/):*1'.)&":,"',//%.&("F;W.&./"
*&,"0)4.'.2*,":=%''/.3*'.)&":,"4)Q,-,&'+"
+)1.%*P"""
-C$Z'(.(d(3$G'&(MB(Z&"S&$##'(I5$HC%"BF(
"ZL&$C%"BB'GK(
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"#!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
n"2*,+'.)&+"_"w*."/;%4.+,"4,+"0/)5,'+"x""[y"x""w*).",'"1)-3.,&"x"Y)--,&'"x"w*%&:"x""
!
! /'F(HGLF(I'(G$(&LMFF%C'(I5MB(0/,(
/'(B%W'$M(%BC'&H"##MB$Gg(RM%(B5'FC(Z$F(C"MY"M&F(P$H%G'(X(%#Z"F'&(
!"8,+" I" -%./,+" +=,&',&:,&'" '/S+" 3.,&6"T4" N" %" *&," :N&%-.2*," 0)+.'.$,6" T4" W%44%.'" %$%&1,/" 2*)." 2*=.4" %//.$," <6" B6"
C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
!"Y@%2*," 1)--*&," /,+'," -%.'/," :," +)&" :;$,4)00,-,&'" 0*.+2*," 1@%1*&," :=,&'/," ,44,+" +)&'" :)';,+" :," 7896" 8,"
78g"%"04*'m'";';"1)&+'.'*;":=%0/S+"1,+"789",'"&)&"4=.&$,/+,6">666?"Y@%2*,"1)--*&,"1@).+.'"1,"2*=,44,"$,*'(".4"N"%"
:)&1"0,*":,"$)4)&';"1)--*&,6""<"B6"FU8g[BBU#9("B%./,":,"B)/-%.+)&",'"7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":*"Y%&')&":,"
E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g"
/$(Z&"FZ'HC%W'(X(#"A'B(C'&#'(
!"T4" ,+'" .-0)/'%&'" :=.-%Q.&,/" +)&" ',//.')./," +*/" LX" %&+" ,'" 0)*/" 1,4%" 4," 78g" ,+'" .&:.+0,&+%34,6"<" B6"
FU8g[BBU#9("B%./,":,"B)/-%.+)&",'"7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":*"Y%&')&":,"E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g"
!"8,"78g"1=,+'"0/)';Q,/(",&1%:/,/",'"-%.&',&./6">666?"8,"78g"%";';"/;%4.+;"0)*/"2*,"4%"Y)--*&%*';":,"Y)--*&,+"
0*.++,",P.+',/",'"O'/,"1)&+.:;/,/"+=.4"N"%"/%00/)1@,-,&'"%$,1"*&"%*'/,"U7YT6">666?"[&"$,*'"Q%/:,/"&)'/,"1m';"/*/%4"
,'"4,"78g"$%"%.:,/"A"]%6">666?"[&"1)&+,.44,":,"/;%4.+,/"*&"78g6"8,+"/SQ4,+"+)&'"W.P;,+"0%/"4,"78g":)&1".4"&=N"%"2*,":,+"
%$%&'%Q,+6"<"B6"C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
/$(W"G"BCL('C(G'(Z"&C$S'(Z"G%C%RM'((
!"U'/,"-%./,",'"0/;+.:,&'":,"YY":,-%&:,"3,%*1)*0":,"',-0+6">666?"T4"N"%":,"04*+",&"04*+":,"/;Q4,-,&'%'.)&+6"T4"
W%*'"Q%/:,/"*&,"1,/'%.&,"+)*04,++,":=,+0/.'",'"+%$)./",P04.2*,/"%*P"1)&1.')N,&+"4,"!"0)*/2*).":*"1)--,&'"<6">666?"
8,":;3%'"1)&1,/&%&'"4,+"4)Q,-,&'+"+)1.%*P"&=%"0%+";';"'/)0":.WW.1.4,"-O-,"+."]%"W%.'"0,*/6"Z)*'"4,"-)&:,"+%.'"2*=.4"
,&"W%*'6"""<"B6"FU8g[BBU#9("B%./,":,"B)/-%.+)&",'"7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":*"Y%&')&":,"E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&"
:=*&"78g"
/5$HH"#Z$SB'#'BC(I'(G$(H"##MB'(
!"R)*+" %$)&+" ;';" 3.,&" %11)-0%Q&;6" Y,4%" %" ;';" 1)&+'/*1'.W" -O-," %$,1" 4," Y)&+,.4" C;&;/%46" T4+" )&'" 3.,&" 1)-0/.+"
4=,+0/.'" :%&+" 4,2*,4" )&" $)*4%.'" '/%$%.44,/6"<" B6" FU8g[BBU#9(" B%./," :," B)/-%.+)&" ,'" 7/;+.:,&'" :," 4%" YY" :*"
Y%&')&":,"E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g"
!"g%3.'%'"j"F;$,4)00,-,&'"%"5)*;"*&"/m4,",P'/O-,-,&'".-0)/'%&'6"Y=,+'"4=%11)-0%Q&,-,&'"4,"04*+".-0)/'%&'"
2*,"4=)&"%.",*"0)*/"4,"78g6"<"B6"C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"
78g"
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
""!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!
.K /'F(Z&"S&$##'F(G"H$MO(I'(G5D$J%C$C('B([&$BH'('C('B(#%G%'M(&M&$G(
! 7LZ$&C%C%"B(B$C%"B$G'(
6-!0'M-,<??-)-23!0-7!?&<1&())-7!,<:(+B!0-!,=C(*43(3!1(12-!?-343!`!?-343!,-!3-&&43<4&-!2(34<2(,$!%<+&!(+3(23>!2<+7!2=(M<27!
?(7!3&<+M'!0-!:C4NN&-7!N4(*,-7!(:3+(,47'7!7+&!,-!2<)*&-!0-!%6K$!!U-,<2!,=<*7-&M(3<4&-!0-7!3-&&43<4&-7!0-!,(!DFXFI>!2<+7!
7<))-7!`!5PP!%6K!-2!G'3&<?<,-!-3!Y+3&-eG-&$!U-,<2!+2-!-2@+a3-!0+!)42473^&-!0-!,='@+4?-)-23!-2!"PP;>!4,![!(+&(43!5_;!
%6K!&'(,47'7$!
!
l'(2)<427>! 2<+7! ?<+M<27! -734)-&! @+-! ,(! 9&(2:-! :<)?3-! -23&-! 5PP! -3! _PP! %6K>! 7<43! +2-! :<+M-&3+&-! 74124N4:(34M-7$!
U(:C(23!@+-!,-7!/<))+2(+3'7!8&*(42-7!:<))-!,-7!/<))+2(+3'7!0=(11,<)'&(34<27!<23!,-!?,+7!7<+M-23!,=<*,41(34<2!0-!
N(4&-!+2!%6K>!2<+7!(+&4<27!-23&-!"PP!-3!.PP!:<))+2(+3'7!0-!:<))+2-7>!7<43!-2M4&<2!#Pi!0-!:-7!T%/]>!@+4!7-&(4-23!
0<3'-7!0=+2!%6K$!
"
E,-%/2*,"_"8%"v/%&1,"1)-0',"%*"L,/"5%&$.,/"VXLL("Lf"1)--*&%*';+"*/3%.&,+("LJL"1)--*&%*';+":=%QQ4)-;/%'.)&+",'"V6cId"1)--*&%*';+":,"1)--*&,+6"
!
!
-&+!/$0B$#CC&+!:0*#1D!'&!:9E#;4%#%!!
!
!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!-&+!*0CC1)#1%3+!1$;#4)&+!&%!'9#BB:0C3$#%40)
!
!
!
F! ,=':C-,,-! 2(34<2(,->! 2<+7! :<273(3<27! @+-! ,(! :<+M-&3+&-! 0-7! %6K! -73! 7(347N(47(23-! 7+&! ,=-77-234-,! 0-7! f<2-7!
(11,<)'&'-7>!1&(20-7!-3!)<[-22-7$!6-!,433<&(,!*&-3<2!:<))-!)'043-&&(2'-2!-73!'1(,-)-23!*4-2!?<+&M+$!
!
6-7! %6K! &-73-23! ?-+! 0'M-,<??'! -2! I'14<2! ],-e0-e9&(2:-! -3! :-! -2! &(47<2! 0-! ,(! E!N(4*,-77-!H! 0-!
,=423-&:<))+2(,43'!7+&!:-!3-&&43<4&-$!/-&3(427!f<2-7!`!)(&:C'!,<1-)-23!3-20+!2-!7<23!-,,-7!(+774!?(7!<+!?-+!
:<+M-&3-7!QZ(&>!K'&(+,3>!%[&'2'-7!Y&4-23(,-7>!I'14<2!V<&0-,(47->!6433<&(,!F3,(234@+-R!
!
%(&!:<23&->!0-7!f<2-7!3-&&43<&4(,-7!?(&(477-23!(M<4&!+2-!E!:+,3+&-!H!%6K!?,+7!)(&@+'-!@+-!,-!&-73-!0-!9&(2:-!
Q]7^&-e6<4&-eICt2->! Z-20'-e/C(&-23-eG(&434)->! ]20&-e-3e6<4&->! \&(20-! &'14<2! &-22(47->! 6(20-7>! U<))-7R!
(,<&7!@+=-,,-7!2-!7<23!24!+&*(42-7>!24!`!)(&:C'!3-20+$!
!
T2!<+3&-e)-&>!,(!I'+24<2!-73!*4-2!?<+&M+-!?+47@+-!,-7!0-+B!34-&7!0+!3-&&43<4&-!7<23!:<+M-&37$!%<+&!,-7!(+3&-7!
0'?(&3-)-237!,-!0'M-,<??-)-23!0-7!%6K!-73!)<427!*<2$!
!
! h""#(G"H$G(d(9FE&'('C(N'BIL'(
6-7! 0-+B! 3-&&43<4&-7! @+-! 2<+7! (M<27! 7+4M4! 7<23! 743+'7! 7+&! 0-7! 3-&&43<4&-7! 0[2()4@+-7! S! ,=]7^&-! -3! ,(! Z-20'-$!
y+-! :-! 7<43! -2! )(34^&-! 0-! %6K! )(47! (+774! :<2:-&2(23! ,-7! U/YX! -3! ,=+&*(247)->! :-7! 0-+B! 3-&&43<4&-7! N<23!
?&-+M-!0-!*<22-7!M<,<23'7$!/-7!0-+B!3-&&43<4&-7!7<23!,(&1-)-23!?<+&M+7!-2!0<:+)-23!0-!?&<1&())(34<2$!
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
".!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
D-!,(!)a)-!)(24^&-!@+-!?<+&!,=+&*(247)->!,-!U/YX!2-!?(&(g3!?(7!a3&-!+2!E!4)?+,7-+&!H!?<+&!,(!&'(,47(34<2!0-!
%6K$!],!-73!?-&J+!?(&!,-7!',+7!:<))-!+2!0<:+)-23!:(0&-!(M-:!0-7!&^1,-7!`!&-7?-:3-&>!0-7!',')-237!4)?<7'7$!
!"8," GY[Z" &=,+'" 0%+" ,&1)/," $)';6" [&" 0,&+," 2*," 4," GY[Z" ,+'" /%.+)&&%34,(" -%.+" 1,/'%.&+" 1)44SQ*,+" &," +)&'" 0%+"
:=%11)/:6"<"B6"C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
"
!"8,"H)1%Q,"M,&:;,&"&=%"0%+":,"GY[Z6"Y%"/,+',"'/S+"/*/%4("1=,+'":)&1":.WW.1.4,6"B%.+")&"$%"O'/,")34.Q;"-O-,"+."4,+"
4.-.',+"%:-.&.+'/%'.$,+"+)&'"')*5)*/+"*&"W/,.&6"<!B6"FU8g[BBU#9("B%./,":,"B)/-%.+)&",'"7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY"
:*"Y%&')&":,"E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g"
6=-B473-2:-!(+!?&'(,(*,-!0-!0<:+)-237!0=+&*(247)-!2-!?(&(g3!?(7!42N,+-2:-&!7+&!,(!&'(,47(34<2!<+!2<2!0=+2!
%6K! )(47! 0(27! ,-7! N(437>! :-,(! ?-&)-3! 0=a3&-! N(:-! `! 0-7! 3-&&43<4&-7! @+4! <23! 0'b`! 0-7! &^1,-7! ?<+&! ,-+&!
0'M-,<??-)-23$!6-7!&'M474<27!0-7!%68!<+!%YU!-23&(42-23!2'(2)<427!0-7!04NN4:+,3'7$!
!
!"U&"0%++%&'":*"7[G"%*"789("4,+"^)&,+":,"1)&+'/*1'.)&+"$)&'"O'/,"/;:*.',+(".4"N"%":)&1"*&"/,++,&'.-,&'"$.+"A"$.+"
:,"]%6""<"B6"C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
"
!"Y@%2*,"1)--*&,"/,+',"-%.'/,":,"+)&":;$,4)00,-,&'"0*.+2*,"1@%1*&,":=,&'/,",44,",+'":)';,":=*&"7896"8,"78g"
%"04*'m'";';"1)&+'.'*;":=%0/S+"1,+"789",'"&)&"4,"1)&'/%./,6"<"B6"FU8g[BBU#9("B%./,":,"B)/-%.+)&",'"7/;+.:,&'"
:,"4%"YY":*"Y%&')&":,"E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g"
"
9FE&'(
"
"
"
"""""""78g" "
"
"
"
"
GY[Z"
"
"
""" "
""
"
"""""""Y)--*&%*';+"*/3%.&,+",'":=%QQ4)-;/%'.)&+"
!
!
"
"
! !
"
"
"
""""""""789"
!
!
!
%<+&!,=]7^&->!2<+7!<*7-&M<27!+2-!04NN'&-2:-!?<+&!,-7!%6K!)(47!(+774!?<+&!,-7!(+3&-7!0<:+)-237!-23&-!,-!7+0!
-3!,-!2<&0!0+!0'?(&3-)-23!-2!&(47<2!0-!,=42N,+-2:-!,[<22(47-!-3!0-!,=(B-!\&-2<*,-!6[<2$!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"5!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
"
!"T4"N"%"*&,"1,/'%.&,"%''/%1'.$.';"0%/"/%00)/'"A"4%"/;Q.)&"4N)&&%.+,",'"A"4%"Y)--*&%*';":=%QQ4)-;/%'.)&":,+"
7)/',+":,"4=T+S/,6">b?T1.")&",+'"A"4=;0.1,&'/,":,"4%"/;Q.)&"E@m&,"#40,+6"[&"$,*'"Q%/:,/"&)'/,"1m';"/*/%4",'"4,"78g"
$%"%.:,/"A"1,4%6"<"B6"C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
!
!
D-!,(!)a)-!)(24^&->!,(!?&'7-2:-!0-!,=(11,<)'&(34<2!l(23(47-!7-!N(43!7-234&!7+&!,-!2<&0!0-!,(!Z-20'-!(4274!@+-!
,(!3-274<2!3<+&4734@+-!7+&!,-!,433<&(,$!
"
!"U&",WW,'("&)*+"+)--,"A"LnlVX"-.&*',+":,"R%&',+",'"4,+"0/.P":,"4=.--)3.4.,/",'":*"W)&1.,/"+)&'"&,'',-,&'"04*+"
%3)/:%34,+" 1@,^" &)*+6" [&" :,$.,&'" *&" 0,*" 4%" Q/%&:," 1)*/)&&," :," R%&',+6"<" B6" FU8g[BBU#9(" B%./," :,"
B)/-%.+)&",'"7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":*"Y%&')&":,"E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g!
!
N'BIL'(
"
"
"
"""""""78g" "
"
"
"
"
GY[Z"
"
"
" "
""
"
"""""""Y)--*&%*';+"*/3%.&,+",'":=%QQ4)-;/%'.)&+"
!
!
"
!
!
"
! !
"
"
"
""""""""789"
!
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"_!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
aK 0&"S&$##'( G"H$G( I'( G5,$J%C$CQ( 0"G%C%RM'F( I5$HHM'%G( 'C( I'( #$%BC%'B( I'(
Z"ZMG$C%"B(
! 1ZZ&"HD'F(I'F(J'F"%BF('B(G"S'#'BC(d(G$(#LCD"I'(IM(Z"%BC(I5LRM%G%J&'(
6-7!%6K>!:<))-!,-7!%68>!7<23!0-7!0<:+)-237!0-!?&<1&())(34<2$!],7!?-&)-33-23!`!,(!:<,,-:34M43'!0-!7-!0<3-&!
0-7!<+34,7!2':-77(4&-7!`!7<2!0'M-,<??-)-23!?<+&!,-7!(22'-7!`!M-24&$!
!
%<+&!@+-!7-7!0<:+)-237!7<4-23!E!:(,4*&'7!H!:<&&-:3-)-23>!4,7!0<4M-23!7=(??+[-&!7+&!+2-!?&<b-:34<2!`!,(!N<47!
&'(,473-!-3!&'(,47(*,-!0-7!*-7<427$!!
!
D(27!,-!:(0&-!0-!2<3&-!7+b-3>!+2-!0-7!04NN4:+,3'7!&'740-!0(27!,(!?&47-!-2!:<)?3-!0-7!*-7<427!3(23!0-7!C(*43(237!
-2!?,(:-!-3!@+-!0-7!?<?+,(34<27!@+4!?<+&&(4-23!?<3-234-,,-)-23!7=4273(,,-&$!
(
F+!3&(M-&7!0-7!04NN'&-237!3-&&43<4&-7!'3+04'7>!2<+7!(?-&:-M<27!@+-!,-7!%68!7=(??+4-23!7+&!+2-!?&<b-:34<2!0-!,(!
:<273&+:34<2!`!?(&34&!0+!M<,+)-!:<273(3'!0-!:<273&+:34<27!7+&!,-7!(22'-7!?&':'0-23-7$!/-33-!?&<b-:34<2!-73!
?,+7! <+! )<427! )<0+,'-! `! ,(! C(+77-! :<))-! `! ,(! *(477-! 7+4M(23! ,-7! &-:<))(20(34<27! 0-! 0<:+)-237! 0-!
?&<1&())(34<2!<??<7(*,-7!(+B!%68!QU/YX>!%6K>!-3:$R>!,-!?&<b-3!0-!,(!:<,,-:34M43'!-3!,-7!:C<4B!0-7!',+7$!
!
F,<&7! @+-! ,-7! ',+7! 7-! N4B-23! 7<+M-23! +2! 7-+4,! 0-! ?<?+,(34<2! `! (33-420&->! 2<+7! :<273(3<27! @+-! ,-! 2<)*&-! 0-!
:<273&+:34<2!2=-73!:<2M-&34!@+-!&(&-)-23!-2!2<)*&-!0=C(*43(237!<+!0-!)'2(1-7$!
!
D(27!,-!%FDD!0+!%68!0-!Z(:@+-[&(7>!<2!<*7-&M-!+2-!(+3&-!(??&<:C-!S!:=-73!,=<*b-:34N!42!N42-!-2!)(34^&-!0-!
?<?+,(34<2!@+4!-73!,(!*(7-!0+!:(,:+,!0-!0'M-,<??-)-23!0-!,(!f<2-!+&*(42-!0-!,(!:<))+2-$!
"
!"8=)35,1'.W"0)*/+*.$."0%/"4,+";4*+"0)*/"4,+"LX"%&&;,+"A"$,&./"+,/%.'":=%11*,.44./",&$./)&"Ldn"&)*$,%*P"@%3.'%&'+"
0)*/" %'',.&:/," *&" 0).:+" :;-)Q/%[email protected]*," :=,&$./)&" LVnX" @%3.'%&'+" ,&" VXVX" >b?6" Y,1." 1)//,+0)&:" A" *&,"
%*Q-,&'%'.)&":,"0/S+":,"IX"&)*$,%*P"4)Q,-,&'+":,+'.&;+"A"%11*,.44./":,+"/;+.:,&'+"A"4=%&&;,6>b?"8,+"3,+).&+",&"
W)&1.,/":,"4%"1)--*&,"+=;4S$,&'"A",&$./)&"f"@,1'%/,+"<"UP'/%.'"7#FF":*"789":,"M%2*,N/%+6"
!
6(!)'3C<0-!-73!04NN'&-23-!0(27!,-7!%6K!@+-!2<+7!(M<27!7+4M4$!D(27!:-7!0<:+)-237>!<2!:C-&:C-!0(M(23(1-!`!
7=(77+&-&!@+-!,-7!2<+M-,,-7!:<273&+:34<27!'M-23+-,,-7!?-&)-33&<23!S!
- D-!)(423-24&!,(!?<?+,(34<2!-B473(23-!
- D=(::+-4,,4&!0-!2<+M-(+B!C(*43(237!7+4M(23!+2!<*b-:34N7!@+-!7-!N4B-!,(!:<))+2-$!
/=-73! *4-2! ,-! 7-+4,! 0-! ?<?+,(34<2! `! (33-420&-! @+4! 0'N4243! ,-7! *-7<427! -2! ,<1-)-23! -3! 0<2:! ,-! 2<)*&-! 0-!
:<273&+:34<27!2-+M-7!`!?&<1&())-&$!!
!
6(!)'3C<0-!-)?,<['-!0(27!,-7!%6K!'3+04'7!-73!(??-,'-!E!G'3C<0-!0+!?<423!0='@+4,4*&-!H!Q/N$!F22-B-7!
TB-)?,-!0'3(4,,'!0-!,(!)'3C<0-R$!T,,-!?-&)-3!0-!&'?<20&-!`!,(!@+-734<2!7+4M(23-!S!0-!:<)*4-2!0-!,<1-)-237!
(4e!b-!*-7<42!?<+&!?<+M<4&!N(4&-!N(:-!`!3-,!<*b-:34N!0-!?-+?,-)-23!Q73(*4,47(34<2!0-!,(!?<?+,(34<2>!C(+77-!0-!|!
iR!x!
!
T2! ?&'(,(*,->! 4,! N(+3! 2<3-&! @+=+2! ,<1-)-23! 2<+M-(+! ?-+3! M-24&! &'?<20&-! -2! &'(,43'! `! @+(3&-! 3[?-7! 0-!
*-7<427!Q-3!?(7!7-+,-)-23!`!,=(::+-4,!0=+2!2<+M-,!C(*43(23R!S!
#$ 6-!&-2<+M-,,-)-23!<+!&-)?,(:-)-23!0-!,<1-)-237!S!@+4!7-!)-7+&-!7+&!+2-!?'&4<0-!?(&!:<)?(&(47<2!
-23&-! ,-7! :<273&+:34<27! 0-! 2<+M-(+B! ,<1-)-237! -3! ,(! M(&4(34<2! 0+! 73<:w! Q:C(21-)-23! 0=(NN-:3(34<2!
0=+2!,<1-)-23>!&-1&<+?-)-23!0-!?,+74-+&7!?-3437!,<1-)-237R$!!!
"$ 6='M<,+34<2!0+!?(&:!0-7!&'740-2:-7!7-:<20(4&-7!-3!0-7!,<1-)-237!M(:(237!S!],!7=(143!0-!:<)?-27-&!,(!
047?(&434<2!0-!&'740-2:-7!0-M-2+-7!M(:(23-7!<+!3&(27N<&)'-7!-2!&'740-2:-7!7-:<20(4&-7$!
.$ 6-! 0-77-&&-)-23! 0-7! )'2(1-7! S! ],! 7-! 3&(0+43! ?(&! ,(! &'0+:34<2! 0+! 2<)*&-! )<[-2! 0=<::+?(237! ?(&!
)'2(1-!Q:N!U:C')(!42N&(R!-3!0<2:!,=(+1)-23(34<2!0+!*-7<42!-2!,<1-)-237!?<+&!+2!)a)-!)'2(1-$!!!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"d!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
5$ 6(!:&<477(2:-!0')<1&(?C4@+-!S!T,,-!?&<M4-23!0-!,=-B:'0-23!0-7!2(477(2:-7!7+&!,-7!0':^7!-3!0+!7<,0-!
)41&(3<4&-$!!!
6-!?<423!0='@+4,4*&-!:<&&-7?<20!(+!2<)*&-!0-!,<1-)-237!2<+M-(+B!@+=4,!N(+3!&'(,47-&!0(27!+2!423-&M(,,-!0-!
3-)?7! ?<+&! &'?<20&-! (+B! .! ?&-)4-&7! *-7<427>! 7<43! -2! 0-C<&7! 0-! 3<+3! )<+M-)-23! 0')<1&(?C4@+->! :=-73e`e
04&-!74!,-!2<)*&-!3<3(,!0=C(*43(237!2=(M(43!?(7!:C(21'$!!!
"
E;0)&:/," A" 4=)35,1'.W" W.P;" 0%/" 4," 0).&'" :=;2*.4.3/,(" 1=,+'" /;0)&:/," %*P" 3,+).&+" ,&" 4)Q,-,&'+" :," 4%" 0)0*4%'.)&"
%1'*,44,",&"04%1,"+*/"4,"',//.')./,6""
(
8,":,++,//,-,&'":,+"-;&%Q,+",'"4,+"1)&+;2*,&1,+"+*/"4,+"3,+).&+",&"4)Q,-,&'+6"
!
!
!
82-! N<47! :-! ?<423! E!)<&3!H! :(,:+,'>! +2-! ?&<b-:34<2! 0-! ,(! :&<477(2:-! 0')<1&(?C4@+-! -3! 0+! 0-77-&&-)-23! 0-7!
)'2(1-7!?<+&!,-7!(22'-7!`!M-24&!?-&)-3!0=<*3-24&!,-7!*-7<427!-2!,<1-)-23!?<+&!,-7!2<+M-(+B!C(*43(237$!!
!
6=(00434<2! 0-! :-7! 0-+B! &'7+,3(37! 2<+7! ?-&)-3! 0=<*3-24&! +2-! ?&<b-:34<2! &'(,473-! 0-7! *-7<427! -2! ,<1-)-237!
2<+M-(+B!?<+&!,-7!(22'-7!`!M-24&!-3!0-!N(4&-!+2-!?&<1&())(34<2!-2!:<27'@+-2:-$!
!
/-33-! ?&<b-:34<2! ?-+3! -27+43-! a3&-! :<2M-&34-! -2! *-7<427! N<2:4-&7! Q-7?(:-! 2':-77(4&-! ?<+&! :<273&+4&-! :-7!
,<1-)-237R! 7+4M(23! 0-7! &(34<7! 0-! :<273&+:34<2! Q6<1-)-237! :<,,-:34N7>! ,<1-)-237! 1&<+?'7>! ,<1-)-237!
4204M40+-,7!?,+7!<+!)<427!0-27-7R!-3!-2!?&<1&())(34<2!(22+-,,-!Q:<)*4-2!b-!0<47!:<273&+4&-!0-!,<1-)-237!
?(&!(2R$!
"
F%&+"4,"1%:/,":=*&,"0/)5,'":,"0)4.'.2*,":=%11*,.4",'":,"-%.&'.,&":,+"0)0*4%'.)&("1,'',"%00/)1@,":,+"3,+).&+",&"
4)Q,-,&'+"0%/%o'"&)&"+,*4,-,&'"04*+"1)@;/,&',("1%/",44,"%"0)*/"3%+,"&)&"0%+"4%"1)&+'/*1'.)&"-%.+"4,+"@%3.'%&'+("
-%.+"%*++."04*+"0;:%Q)Q.2*,"1%/",44,"+,&+.3.4.+,"4,+";4*+"A"4%":*%4.';"-%.&'.,&l%11*,.4":,+"0)0*4%'.)&+6"U+'e1,"2*,"
5," :)&&," 4,+" -)N,&+" A" -)&" ',//.')./," :," -%.&',&./" +%" 0)0*4%'.)&"x" U+'e1," 2*," 5," 4*." 0,/-,'+" :=%11*,.44./" :,"
&)*$,%*P"@%3.'%&'+"x"
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"A!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
! 0&%F'('B(H"#ZC'(I'F(Z&"JGL#$C%RM'F(I5$HHM'%G('C(I'(#$%BC%'B(I$BF(G5LG$J"&$C%"B(IM(0/,(
6-7! 0-+B! 3-&&43<4&-7! '3+04'7! -3! ,-7! ',+7! &-2:<23&'7! ?(&,-23! M<,<234-&7! 0-! ,-+&7! M<,<23'7! 0-! )(423-24&! ,-7!
C(*43(237! -3! 0=(::+-4,,4&! 0-! 2<+M-(+B! )'2(1-7$! ],7! <23! 0-7! <*b-:34N7! `! )<[-27! 3-&)-7! -2! )(34^&-! 0-!
?<?+,(34<2$!
!
!"[&"$,*'"Q%/:,/"4,+"0)0*4%'.)&+"+*/"4,"',//.')./,6"U&"VXLf(")&"0/;$).'"Lk6XXX"@%3.'%&'+6"R)*+"+)--,+",&1)/,"
:%&+"4,":;$,4)00,-,&'"04*+"2*,":%&+"4,"-%.&'.,&"-%.+":%&+"4,":;$,4)00,-,&'"-%.'/.+;"<6""B6"FU8g[BBU#9("
B%./,":,"B)/-%.+)&",'"7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":*"Y%&')&":,"E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g"
"
F!3&(M-&7!,(!&'(,47(34<2!0-!,-+&!%6K>!4,7!7<+C(43-23!)(43&47-&!,-!0'M-,<??-)-23!0-!,-+&!3-&&43<4&-!-3!0':40-&!0-!
7<2! )<0-! 0-! :&<477(2:-$! 6-7! ,<3477-)-237! :<))-! ,-7! :<273&+:34<27! 2-+M-7! <23! @+-,@+-7! N<47! '3'! E!C<&7! 0-!
:<23&t,-!H>!-23&(42(23!,(!M(:(2:-!0-7!:-23&-7!*<+&17$!6-7!?-&7<22-7!r1'-7!:<))-!,-7!)'2(1-7!(M-:!-2N(237!
7<23!?(&N<47!:<23&(4237!0-!@+433-&!,-!3-&&43<4&->!N(+3-!0-!&'?<27-!@+(,43(34M-!`!,-+&7!*-7<427!,<1-)-237$!
"
!" 8,+" ;4*+" )&'" 4%" $)4)&';" :=%11*,.44./" -%.+" +)*@%.',&'" )/Q%&.+,/" 4," ',//.')./,(" &)'%--,&'" 0)*/" 4%" 1)&+'/*1'.)&"
&,*$,"<6"B6"C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,+"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
"
!"#1'*,44,-,&'"4%"0)0*4%'.)&"4)1%4,"&,"0,*'"0%+"/,+',/6"[&"$,*'"2*,"1,4%"1@%&Q,6">666?"[&"$,*'")WW/./":*"4)1%'.W+"
0)*/"%''./,/":,+"5,*&,+"0)*/"%$)./":,"&)*$,%*":,+",&W%&'+",'")*$/./":,+"14%++,+">666?"p,'q"[&"$,*'"/%00/)1@,/"4,+"
0,/+)&&,+" hQ;,+" :,+" 1,&'/,+" 3)*/Q+" >b?" :)&1" )&" :).'" %:%0',/" 4,+" $.44%Q,+" ,'" 4,+" 4)Q,-,&'+6"" "<" " B6" C#CR[9F("
7/;+.:,&'":,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
!
l'(2)<427>!?,+7!@+-!0(27!,-7!%68>!,-7!',+7!&-2:<23&'7!4:4!<23!?&47!:<27:4-2:-!@+=4,!2-!7+NN43!?(7!0-!?&<0+4&-!
0-! 2<+M-(+B! ,<1-)-237! ?<+&! (::+-4,,4&! 0-! 2<+M-(+B! )'2(1-7! ?(&34:4?(237! ?<3-234-,,-)-23! `! ,(! M4-! 0+!
3-&&43<4&-$! 6=-)?,<4>! ,-7! 7-&M4:-7>! ,-7! 42N&(73&+:3+&-7>! -3:$! 34-22-23! +2! &t,-! 4)?<&3(23$! 6-! 24M-(+!
423-&:<))+2(,!,-+&!?-&)-3!7<+M-23!0-!0'M-,<??-&!0-7!?<,434@+-7!-2!:-!7-27!-3!,(!&'(,47(34<2!0=+2!%6K!?-+3!
a3&-!+2-!4)?+,74<2!?<+&!,-!3-&&43<4&-$!
!
!"R)*+"%$)&+"'/)0"0,*":=,-04).+"0%/"/%00)/'"%*P"%1'.W+6"[&"$,*'":)&1"%$%&'"')*'"1/;,/":,+".&W/%+'/*1'*/,+"0)*/"
%11*,.44./" :,+" ,&'/,0/.+,+6" >666?"<" B6" FU8g[BBU#9(" B%./," :," B)/-%.+)&" ,'" 7/;+.:,&'" :," 4%" YY" :*" Y%&')&" :,"
E)1@,+,/$.S/,"K"E;$.+.)&":=*&"78g"
"
!"w*%&:")&"1/;;":,+"4)Q,-,&'+(")&"1/;;":,"4=,-04).(")&"1/;;"4=.-0*4+.)&";1)&)-.2*,6"<"B6"C#CR[9F("7/;+.:,&'"
:,"4%"YY":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"K"U4%3)/%'.)&":=*&"L,/"78g"
!
! 4'F($HC%"BF(Z"M&(P$W"&%F'&(G5$HHM'%G('C(G'(#$%BC%'B(I'F(Z"ZMG$C%"BF(
6-!%6K!(*<+343!7+&!,(!)47-!-2!?,(:-!0=+2!?&<1&())-!0=(:34<27!7+4M(23!,-7!<&4-23(34<27!:C<4747!?(&!,-7!',+7!0+!
3-&&43<4&-$!/-&3(42-7!<23!M<,<23(4&-)-23!Q<+!2<2R!+2!4)?(:3!7+&!,=(::+-4,!-3!,-!)(4234-2!0-7!?<?+,(34<2$!
(
0&"IM%&'(I'F(G"S'#'BCF($J"&I$JG'F(Z"M&(G'F(#LB$S'F(G"H$MO(
I'?<20&-!(+B!*-7<427!0-7!C(*43(237!0+!3-&&43<4&-!-73!+2-!?&'<::+?(34<2!@+4!&-77<&3!0(27!,-7!<&4-23(34<27!0-7!
%6K$! 6-7! ',+7! 7<+C(43-23! ?&<0+4&-! 0-7! ,<1-)-237! (*<&0(*,-7! `! ,(! N<47! ?<+&! ,-7! b-+2-7! 0':<C(*43(237!
Q,<1-)-237!,<:(34N7R>!?<+&!,-7!:<+?,-7!@+4!7=4273(,,-23!<+!(1&(20477-23!,-+&!N()4,,-!Q(::-774<2!7<:4(,-R!-3!(+774!
?<+&!,-7!?-&7<22-7!r1'-7!7<+C(43(23!M4-4,,4&!7+&!,-!3-&&43<4&-$!
!
!"[/Q%&.+,/" 4%" 0/):*1'.)&" :," 4)Q,-,&'+" %3)/:%34,+" 0)*/" 4,+" -;&%Q,+" 4)1%*P"<" [/.,&'%'.)&" &`V" :*" 78g" :,+"
H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,+6"
"
1#LG%"&'&( G'( Z$&H( I'( G"S'#'BCF( Z&%WLF(d( D$J%C$C( %BI%SB'Q( Z&LH$&%CL( LB'&SLC%RM'( 'C( $I$ZC$C%"B( IM(
G"S'#'BC(
U+&! ,-! ?(&:! 0-! ,<1-)-237! ?&4M'7! -B473(237>! ,-7! %6K! ?&':<247-23! -2! 1'2'&(,-! 0-7! (:34<27! 0=()',4<&(34<2! 0+!
:<2N<&3$!T2!)(34^&-!0=(::+-4,!-3!0-!)(4234-2!0-!?<?+,(34<2>!:-3!(B-!0-!3&(M(4,!(!?<+&!:<27'@+-2:-!0-!S!
- 6+33-&!:<23&-!,(!M(:(2:-!-3!,(!0'M43(,47(34<2!0-7!:-23&-7!*<+&17>!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
"W!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
-
F)',4<&-&!,-!:(0&-!0-!M4-!-3!,-!?(3&4)<42-!0+!3-&&43<4&->!
9(M<&47-&!,-!)(4234-2!`!0<)4:4,-!0-!?-&7<22-7!7<+M-23!r1'-7!-3O<+!C(204:(?'-7>!
%&<0+4&-!+2-!,<1-)-23!0-!,<1-)-237!,<:(34N7!?&4M'7!`!,<[-&7!:<2M-234<22'7>!
U<+3-24&!,=(:34M43'!0-!*r34)-23!-3!0-!,=(&347(2(3>!-3!0<2:!,=-)?,<4!-2!)4,4-+!&+&(,$!
!
3&L'&('C($B%#'&(MB("JF'&W$C"%&'(IM(0/,(
U<+M-23!(77+&'!?(&!+2!-B?-&3!-B3'&4-+&>!,=<*7-&M(3<4&-!0+!%6K!&-?&-20!+2!-27-)*,-!0=4204:(3-+&7!477+7!
2<3())-23!0-!,='3+0-!%6K$!/-3!<*7-&M(3<4&-!7-&3!0-!3(*,-(+!0-!*<&0!?<+&!,-!\&<+?-!0-!D4&-:34<2!0+!%6K!-3!4,!
?-&)-3!0='3(*,4&!,-!*4,(2!0+!%6K!`!)4!?(&:<+&7!Q.!(27R!-3!`!,=477+-!0-7!d!(27!:<2N<&)')-23!(+B!-B41-2:-7!0-!
,(!6<4!G<66T$!
"
!"9&")3+,/$%')./,":,+'.&;"A"+*.$/,"4%"/;%4.+%'.)&":,+")35,1'.W+":*"78g"_".4"W,/%"4=)35,'":=*&,"/,+'.'*'.)&"%&&*,44,",&"
%++,-34;,"1)&+*4'%'.$,":,$%&'"4,+"%1',*/+",'"0%/',&%./,+"+.Q&%'%./,+":,"4%"Y@%/',"8)1%4,":,"4=g%3.'%'6"<"#1'.)&"
&`n":*"78g":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,+"
!
T2! )(34^&-! 0=(::+-4,! -3! 0-! )(4234-2! 0-! ?<?+,(34<2>! :-3! <*7-&M(3<4&-! ?-&)-3! `! ,(! :<,,-:34M43'! 0-! 7+4M&-!
,='M<,+34<2! 0')<1&(?C4@+-! 0-! 7<2! 3-&&43<4&-! -3! 0=':C(21-&! 7+&! ,-7! &'7+,3(37! -2! )(34^&-! 0-! )(4234-2! 0-7!
C(*43(237!-3!0=(::+-4,!0-7!2<+M-(+B$!
!
0&LW"%&(FM&(G'(G"BS(C'&#'('B($I$ZC$BC(G'F(I"HM#'BCF(I5M&J$B%F#'(
T2!?&':<247(23!,=-21(1-)-23!0-!%68!<+!,-+&7!(0(?3(34<2>!,=T%/]!42N,+-!7+&!,-!0'M-,<??-)-23!`!,<21!3-&)-!0-!
7<2!3-&&43<4&-$!T,,-!7-!0<3-!(4274!0=<+34,7!,+4!?-&)-33(23!0=(M<4&!0-7!)<[-27!?<+&!+2-!?'&4<0-!?,+7!',<412'-!
QD(27!_Od!(27!(M-:!&'M474<2!0+!%6KR$!T,,-!?-+3!?(&34:4?-&!N42(2:4^&-)-23!`!:-7!%68$!
!
!"T&';Q/,/":%&+"4,"7#FF",'"4,"/SQ4,-,&'":*"789"4,+":.+0)+.'.)&+"0)++.34,+",&"-%'.S/,":=*/3%&.+-,"/SQ4,-,&'%./,"
0)*/"-)3.4.+,/"4,"W)&1.,/("+%&+"4=%12*;/./"<!#1'.)&"&`L":*"78g":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,+6"
!
6=T%/]!?-+3!4)?<7-&!0-7!&^1,-7!(+B!:<))+2-7!:<))-!?(&!-B-)?,-!S!
- 82! 3(+B! )424)+)! 0-! ,<1-)-237! 7<:4(+B! Q#Pi! M4,,(1-7! -3! "Pi! *<+&1! &-,(47R! 0(27! ,-7! 7-:3-+&7!
&'7-&M'7!-2!f<2-7!8!<+!F8!0-7!%68>!
- 6-7!)(b<&(34<27!0-7!&^1,-7!0-!0-2743'!(??,4:(*,-7!7+&!,-70437!7-:3-+&7!&'7-&M'7!0'04'7!(+B!<?'&(34<27!
:<)?<&3(23!0-7!,<1-)-237!7<:4(+B>!-2!(??,4:(34<2!0-!,m(&34:,-!5P!0-!,(!,<4!G<,,-$!
!
/-,(!?-&)-3!-2!7+7!`!,(!:<))+2-!:<2:-&2'-!0-!S!!
- G(g3&47-&!7<2!0'M-,<??-)-23!-2!)-33(23!-2!(??,4:(34<2!,(!:<C'&-2:-!%68O%6KOU/YX>!
- TM43-&! 0-! &-:<+&4&! `! ,=(:@+47434<2! 0-! N<2:4-&{! -,,-! <&1(247-! ,(! )47-! -2! o+M&-! 0-! ,(! 7-&M43+0-! -23&-!
:<273&+:3-+&7$!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
";!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
!
F22-B-!lp#!
TB-)?,-!0-!/(,:+,!0+!?<423!0='@+4,4*&-!7+&!+2-!?'&4<0-!`!M-24&!
G)*/1,"_"78g":,+"H%4-,+"F%*0@.&).+,"
(
3$GHMG(d(
#$ 6-!0-77-&&-)-23!0-7!)'2(1-7!
!
#;;;!
"PP;!
VXLf"
l<)*&-!0m<::+?(237!?(&!,<1-)-23!
">Wd!
">d;!
V(fk"
U+&! ,(! //VD>! <2! ?-+3! -734)-&! ,-! *-7<42! -2! ,<1-)-237! 2<+M-(+B! 2':-77(4&-7! ?<+&! :<)?-27-&! ,-!
?C'2<)^2-!0-!0-77-&&-)-23!0-7!)'2(1-7!`!_^!+243'7!7+&!,(!?'&4<0-!"PP;e"P#d$!
"$ 6m'&<74<2!0+!?(&:!0-!,<1-)-237!(2:4-27!-3!6m'M<,+34<2!0+!?(&:!7<+7!<::+?'!<+!E!6(!0[2()4@+-!0-!
&'C(*4,43(34<2!H!
6-! ?(&:! 0-! ,<1-)-237! M4-4,,43! <+! 'M<,+-$! D-7! ,<1-)-237! 7<23! 0'7(NN-:3'7>! 0-! ?-3437! ,<1-)-237! 7<23!
&-1&<+?'7!-2!+2!7-+,>!0m(+3&-7!7<23!3&(27N<&)'7!-2!,<:(+B!?&<N-774<22-,7!:-!@+4!1'2^&-!+2-!04)42+34<2!
0+! ?(&:$! ]2M-&7-)-23>! 0-7! 1&(207! ,<1-)-237! 7<23! 04M47'7! -2! ?,+74-+&7>! 0-7! ,<:(+B! ?&<N-774<22-,7! 7<23!
()'2(1'7!-2!,<1-)-237$!
6-!7<,0-!0-!:-!?C'2<)^2-!1'2^&-!+2-!&'0+:34<2!<+!+2!(::&<477-)-23!0-7!,<1-)-237!047?<24*,-7$!
82!:-&3(42!2<)*&-!0-!,<1-)-237!3&(2743-23!-23&-!,-7!04NN'&-237!?(&:7!S!&'740-2:-7!?&42:4?(,-7>!&'740-2:-7!
7-:<20(4&-7>! ,<1-)-237! M(:(237$! /<))-! ?<+&! ,-! ?C'2<)^2-! 0m'&<74<2>! :-7! N,+B! 0-! ,<1-)-237! ?-+M-23!
a3&-!?<7434N7!<+!2'1(34N7>!:-!@+4!1'2^&-!(,<&7!+2-!E!?&<0+:34<2!H!<+!+2!*-7<42!-2!,<1-)-23$!!
[&" %00,4,/%" !":N&%-.2*," :," /;@%3.4.'%'.)&"<(" 4," +)4:," ,&'/," 4\;/)+.)&" :*" 0%/1" :," 4)Q,-,&'+" %&1.,&+" ,'"
4\;$)4*'.)&":*"0%/1"+)*+")11*0;6"!
G*/"4%"YYHF",&'/,"VXXJ",'"VXLf(")&",+'.-,"2*,"4%":N&%-.2*,":,"/;@%3.4.'%'.)&"+,/%"0)+.'.$,",'"+,"'/%:*./,"
0%/"*&"Q%.&":,"FG"4)Q,-,&'+">n6L"0%/"%&?"
V4,(2!0+!?<423!0m'@+4,4*&-S!,-!*-7<42!0-!:<273&+:34<2!2':-77(4&-!(+!)(4234-2!0-!,(!?<?+,(34<2!0-!"PP;!7+&!
,(!?'&4<0-!"PP;!n!"P#d!-73!0-!.@!+243'7$!!!
0&"FZ'HC%W'(?\\@(V(?\<i(
!
8'F"%B(G%L($M(
I'FF'&&'#'BC(
W_!
!"GI'(IAB$#%RM'(I'(
&LD$J%G%C$C%"B(
e!5d!
0"%BC(I5LRM%G%J&'(
}!.;!
0"ZMG$C%"B(?\\@(
#P$#PA!
+O(I'(H&"%FF$BH'(
K[?<3C^7-!
$BBM'G(#"A'B(I'(G$(
V(77-!
Z"ZMG$C%"B(
3&"%FF$BH'($BBM'G(
#"A'B(I'(G$(
Z"ZMG$C%"B(
0"ZMG$C%"B(?\<i(
3&"%FF$BH'(I'(G$(
Z"ZMG$C%"B(
-PP'C(IL#"S&$ZD%RM'(
#>""i!
K[?<3C^7-!
G'04(2-!
#>dAi!
K[?<3C^7-!
">##i!
K(+3-!
#"W!
#AW!
""W!
##!PPP!
##!._P!
##!APP!
W;.!
#!"5.!
#!_;.!
..W!
5A#!
dP.!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
.P!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
(
8'F"%B('B(G"S'#'BC(
7ACD#'($BBM'G(I'(
H"BFC&MHC%"B(
!
!
!
}!
}!
}!
.AA!
_#P!
d5"!
_5!
A.!
;"!
!
/<)?3-! 3-2+! 0-7! 3&<47! 7:'2(&44! 0')<1&(?C4@+-7! 0'M-,<??'7! ?&':'0-))-23! ,-7! *-7<427! -2! ,<1-)-237!
7+??,')-23(4&-7!7+&!,(!?'&4<0-!"PP;!n!"P#d!7<23!,-7!7+4M(237!S!!
!!K[?<3C^7-!*(77-!S!!
.AA!,<1-)-237!7+??,')-23(4&-7!n!##PPP!C(*43(237!
!!K[?<3C^7-!)'04(2-!S!! _#P!,<1-)-237!7+??,')-23(4&-7!n!##._P!C(*43(237!
!!K[?<3C^7-!C(+3-!S!!
d5"!,<1-)-237!7+??,')-23(4&-7!n!##APP!C(*43(237!
!
%<+&! ,-! %6K! 0=+2-! 0+&'-! 0-! d! (27>! ,=C[?<3C^7-! &-3-2+-! :<))-! C[?<3C^7-! ?&<*(*,-! -73! ,=C[?<3C^7-!
)'04(2-!S!
- ,-!:<23-B3-!0-!&-?,4!0~!`!,(!:&47-!(:3+-,,-!2-!M(!?(7!0+&-&>!)(47!4,!-B:,+-!0-!N(43!,=C[?<3C^7-!C(+3-!
- @+-,@+-7! 7<4-23! ,-7! 047?<7434N7! 0-! :<&&-:34<2! 0+! )(&:C'! @+-! ,-! %6K! )-33&(! -2! ?,(:->! 4,7! 2-!
?&<0+4&<23!?(7!,-+&7!-NN-37!4))'04(3-)-23>!:-!@+4!-B:,+-!'1(,-)-23!,=C[?<3C^7-!*(77-$!
!
6-! *-7<42! 1,<*(,! -2! ,<1-)-237! 7+??,')-23(4&-7! 7='3(*,43! 0<2:! `! A.! ,<1-)-237! ?(&! (2! -2! :<273&+:34<2!
2-+M-!Q_#P!7+&!A!(27!0-!"PP;!`!"P#dR>!:-!@+4!:<&&-7?<20!`!5.W!,<1-)-237!2-+N7!7+&!,(!0+&'-!0+!%6K!Qd!
(27R!?<+&!(33-420&-!+2-!?<?+,(34<2!0-!##$._P!C(*43(237!-2!"P#d$!!
(
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
.#!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
F22-B-!lp"!
TB-)?,-!0-!/(,:+,!0+!?<423!0='@+4,4*&-!7+&!+2-!?'&4<0-!&'M<,+-!
G)*/1,"_"U'*:,":,":.%Q&)+'.1"',//.')/.%4"@%3.'%'"K"7%N+":*"7;/.Q)/:"R)./"
(
3$GHMG(d!!
6-!&(47<22-)-23!3-2+!7-!0':<)?<7-!-2!5!'3(?-7!7+::-774M-7S!!
!
<K -C$Z'(Bj<d(1B$GAF'(I'(G5LW"GMC%"B(RM$BC%C$C%W'(IM(Z$&H(I'(G"S'#'BCF('BC&'(<@@\('C(<@@@d((
(R 6<1-)-237!(??(&+7!7+&!,(!?'&4<0-!S!],!7=(143!0-7!,<1-)-237!2<+M-(+B!0':,(&'7!-2!#;;;!-3!@+4!0-!:-!
N(43!<23!'3'!E?&<0+437H!-23&-!#;;P!-3!#;;;S!!
! ^K_<i(G"S'#'BCF((
*R Z(&4(34<2!3<3(,-!0+!?(&:!S!4,!7=(143!0-!,(!04NN'&-2:-!2+)'&4@+-!-23&-!,-!?(&:!0-!,<1-)-237!0-!#;;P!-3!
:-,+4!0-!#;;;$!
! ^K?^@(G"S'#'BCF(
:R I-)?,(:-)-23! 0-7! ,<1-)-237! 047?(&+7!Q(e*RS! 6(! 04NN'&-2:-! -23&-! ,-7! ,<1-)-237! (??(&+7! -3!
,='M<,+34<2!1,<*(,-!0+!?(&:!2<+7!0<22-!,-!2<)*&-!0-!,<1-)-237!2<+M-(+B!(NN-:3'7!(+!&-)?,(:-)-23!
0-7!,<1-)-237!047?(&+7$!
! ^^=(G"S'#'BCF((
0R Z(&4(34<2! 0+! M(:(23! -3! 0+! 7-:<20(4&-! S! :-33-! 0-&24^&-! EM'&4N4:(34<2H! 2<+7! ?-&)-3! 0-! @+(234N4-&! ,(!
E047?(&434<2H! 0-! ,<1-)-237! @+4! `! +2! )<)-23! 0<22'! 7<&3-23! 0+! :4&:+43! 0-7! &'740-2:-7! ?&42:4?(,-7!
+34,47'-7$!
! ?K<a?(G"S'#'BCF((
!
?K -C$Z'(Bj?d(-W$GM$C%"B(IM(C$MO(I'(eI'FF'&&'#'BCf(
%(&!0-,`!,-!2<)*&-!0-!,<1-)-237!&'-,,-)-23!047?<24*,-7!Q:N$!'3(?-!2p#R>!4,!4)?<&3-!-27+43-!0-!:<22(g3&-!
,(! N(J<2! 0<23! 4,7! 7<23! <::+?'7$! T2! @+-,@+-! 7<&3->! ,-+&! :<-NN4:4-23! 0-! &-)?,477(1-$! T2! -NN-3! +2! ?-343!
,<1-)-23!<::+?'!?(&!+2-!?-&7<22-!(!+2!-NN-3!@+4!2=(!&4-2!`!M<4&!(M-:!+2-!)(47<2!4204M40+-,,-!<::+?'-!
?(&!+2!)'2(1-!(M-:!_!-2N(237$!!
!
Y2! 7(43! @+-! 73(34734@+-)-23>! -3! :-! 0-?+47! 0-7! 04f(42-7! 0=(22'-7! (+! ?,(2! 2(34<2(,! ,-! 2<)*&-! )<[-2!
0=<::+?(237! ?(&! ,<1-)-23! 04)42+-! &'1+,4^&-)-23>! :-! @+4! 0-! N(43! 3-20! `! 2':-7743-&! 3<+b<+&7! ?,+7! 0-!
,<1-)-237!?<+&!+2!)a)-!2<)*&-!0=C(*43(237$!!
!
U+&!,-!%'&41<&0!l<4&!-23&-!#;;P!-3!#;;;>!,-!3(+B!0=<::+?(34<2!-73!?(77'!0-!">d#5d!`!">.;5P!C(*43(237!?(&!
&'740-2:-!?&42:4?(,-$!
!
! 3'G$(F%SB%P%'(RM'(?K=\=(G"S'#'BCF("BC(YMFC'(F'&W%(X(H"#Z'BF'&(H'CC'(I%#%BMC%"B(IM(
C$MO(I5"HHMZ$C%"BK((
!
.K -C$Z'(Bj.d(3$GHMG(IM(Z"%BC(I5LRM%G%J&'((
],! &'7+,3-! 0-7! '3(?-7! ?&':'0-23-7! -3! ?-&)-3>! :<))-! 7<2! 2<)! ,-! ,(477-! -23-20&->! 0='M(,+-&!
@+(2343(34M-)-23! ,-! 2<)*&-! 0-! ,<1-)-237! @+4! <23! '3'! 2':-77(4&-7! 7+&! ,(! 0-&24^&-! ?'&4<0-! 423-&n
:-2743(4&-! ?<+&! +24@+-)-23! :<)?-27-&! ,-7! 'M<,+34<27! 423-&2-7! 0-7! ,<1-)-237! -3! 0-7! )'2(1-7! `!
?<?+,(34<2!3<3(,-!:<273(23-$!!
!
D43! (+3&-)-23>! :-! ?<423! 0='@+4,4*&-! M(! 2<+7! ?-&)-33&-! 0-! :<)?3(*4,47-&! ,-7! ,<1-)-237! -NN-:34M-)-23!
+34,47'7! )(47! 2=([(23! (+:+2! -NN-3! 0')<1&(?C4@+-! Q(::+-4,! 0=C(*43(237! 7+??,')-23(4&-7! <+! ?-&3-7!
0=C(*43(237R$!!
! ^Ka\i(G"S'#'BCF("BC(LCL(BLH'FF$%&'F('BC&'(<@@\('C(<@@@(I$BF(G'(0L&%S"&I(*"%&($M(
#$%BC%'B(I'(G$(Z"ZMG$C%"BK((
!
aK -C$Z'(Bjad(0&"IMHC%"B(X('PP'C(I'(D$MFF'(IL#"S&$ZD%RM'((
/=-73! ,=(+3&-! ?(&34-! 0+! ?(&:! E2<+M-(+H! (??(&+! -23&-! ;P! -3! ;;! :=-73! `! 04&-! :-,+4! @+4! (! -NN-:34M-)-23!
?(&34:4?'!`!,(!C(+77-!0')<1&(?C4@+-$!!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
."!
!
Politiques de l’habitat comme levier contribuant à l’élaboration de politiques d’accueil et de maintien des populations
(
! a<\(G"S'#'BCF(
!
#&%4N+,":,+"/;+*4'%'+"_""
- 4%"0/):*1'.)&":,"4)Q,-,&'+"&=%"2*,"'/S+"0,*"0,+;">dr?":%&+"4=%11*,.4":,"&)*$,%*P"@%3.'%&'+(""
- 1,"2*."%"Q/,$;"1,'"%11*,.4"'.,&'"04*+":,"4%"'%.44,":,+"-;&%Q,+">VdXX"4)Q,-,&'+?"2*,":,"4=%11/).++,-,&'":,+"
/;+.:,&1,+"+,1)&:%./,+">VkXX?(""
- *&,"0)4.'.2*,",WW/;&;,":,"/,1N14%Q,":*"0%'/.-).&,":.+0)&.34,(",'"2*."0,/-,''/%.'":=%'',.&:/,"*&"&.$,%*":,"
$%1%&'":,"kr("&,"+*WW./%"0%+",'":,"4).&"A".&W4*,/"+*/"4,+",WW,1'.W+":,"0)0*4%'.)&"0,/-%&,&',":*"7%N+("
- 4%"0/):*1'.)&":,"4)Q,-,&'+"&,*W+("0)*/"2*=,44,"%3)*'.++,"A"*&"-%.&'.,&":,"0)0*4%'.)&"/,0/;+,&',":;5A":,+"
[email protected]/,+".-0)/'%&'+"1)-0',"',&*":,"4%"0/)0,&+.)&"%*":,++,//,-,&'":,+"-;&%Q,+",'"%*"')*/.+-,6"
!
!
Réseau Rural Français / Habitat & Développement - Décembre 2011
..!

Documents pareils