Chapter 1 - Studies and Projects
Transcription
Chapter 1 - Studies and Projects
Euromeat Leonardo da Vinci PROTOCOL TO IDENTIFY A EUROPEAN MODEL OF QUALIFICATIONS TRANSPARENCY Phase 3 EUROMEAT: QUALIFICATIONS TRANSPARENCY IN THE MEAT INDUSTRY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION INDEX 1. Introduction ................................................................................................... …… 2. Scenario for a recognition of qualifications: educative system .................................. 3.Identification of the actors of the process of recognition of qualifications in the meat sector 4. Process of recognition of professional qualifications ................................................ 5. Interview of Mr Delepine, CFDT, Federal Secretary……………………………………. Chapter 1: Introduction The meat industry sector suffers from a bad image: the consequence is that young people are not interested to work in this field. The profile of people working in the sector is undergoing a change: more and more, people coming into the sector have had another job. Lack of interest for the job is due to several reasons: Negative image due to the fact that it is associated with blood and hard work (schedule, cold…) Industrial image ie assembly line work… Salary: In spite of lack of labour, the job is not well paid because most of the positions are for unskilled manual workers or skilled workers. Because of labour shortage, companies have a tendency to hire people motivated by the product and the meat sector. In order to recognize the competences of its salaries and meet the concrete need of qualification of new employees, the profession has created certificates of professional qualification based on a recognition of the competences (knowledge and know-how) necessary to work in the field. The stage (advanced or not) of this process depends on the sector. The recognition of a qualification doesn’t guaranty a minimum level of wage. Some trade unions ask for a salary linked to the recognition of competences. Chapter 2 Scenario for a recognition of qualifications This level corresponds to a level where the holder is fully qualified to engage in a specific activity, with the capacity to use the instruments and techniques relating thereto. This activity involves chiefly the performance of work which may be independent within the limits of the relevant techniques. Certificat full-time or national Ministèrede Ministry establishes 1820 d’aptitude apprenticeship diploma l’Education nationale requirements for passing exam. professionnelle Papers devised and timetable (CAP) established by regional offices Brevet (Rectorat). Also nominate exam d’enseignement panels. Externally examined. professionnel Award conferred by Rectorat. 18+ (BEP) Ministèrede l’Agriculture full-time or national apprenticeship diploma Exam panel nominated by Certificat Ministry who agree on content of d’aptitude exams. Centre sets timetable, professionnelle de PrimeMinister’sOffice/Ministère paper and corrects. Award 18+ l’agriculture du Travail conferred by Ministry. (CAPA) full-time accredited diploma Under the responsibility of Certificat de various ministries. Panels formation nominated at regional or local 18+ professionnelle level. Exam carried out in school (CFP) Ministère du Commerce et de or centre. Marked externally. Certificat de l’Artisanat, de la Santé, de la Award conferred by regional perfectionnement Jeunesse et des Sports, de la office of relevant Ministry. professionnelle Défense, de la Mer. national full-time or (CPP) 18+ diplomas, alternance Commission paritaire de l’emploi accredited other awards de la branche professionnelle awards or others alternance certificat de qualification professionnelle Certificat de Training centre devises and or qualification carries out exams accredited award This form of training involves a greater fund of theoretical knowledge than level 2. Activity involves chiefly technical work which can be performed independently and/or entail executive and coordination duties. Baccalauréat technologique full-time national diploma Ministère de l’Éducation nationale Baccalauréat professionnel full-time or apprenticeship national diploma Ministère de l’Éducation nationale full-time national diploma Ministère de l’Éducation nationale Brevet de technicien Brevet de technicien de l’Agriculture full-time or apprenticeship national diploma full-time or national other awards Ministère de l’Agriculture Ministry establishes requirements for passing exam. Papers devised and timetable established by regional offices (Rectorat). Also nominate exam panels. Externally examined. Award conferred by Rectorat. 1720 1720 1720 alternating education diplomas or accredited awards Prime Minister’s Office Exam panel nominated by Ministry who agrees on content of exams. Centre sets timetable, paper and corrects. Award conferred by Ministry Under the responsibility of various ministries. Panels nominated at regional or local level. Exam carried out in school or centre. Marked externally. Award conferred by regional office of relevant Ministry. This form of training involves high-level technical training acquired at or outside educational establishments. The resultant qualification covers a higher level of knowledge and of capabilities. It does not generally require mastery of the scientific bases of the various areas concerned. Such capabilities and knowledge make it possible in a generally autonomous or in an independent way to assume design and/or management and/or administrative responsibilities. Brevet de technicien supérieur Brevet de technicien supérieur de l’Agriculture full-time or apprenticeship full-time or apprenticeship national diploma Ministère de l’Éducation Nationale national diploma Ministère de l’Agriculture national diploma Ministère de l’Éducation Nationale national diplomas or accredited awards relevant Ministry or Prime Minister’s Office Diplôme universitaire de technologie full-time or modularised other awards full-time or alternance Ministry establishes requirements for passing exam. Papers devised and timetable established by regional offices (Rectorat) who also nominate exam panels. Externally examined. Award conferred by Rectorat. 2122 Exam panel nominated by Ministry who agree on content of exams. Center sets timetable, paper and corrects. Award conferred by Ministry. 2122 Students examined by continuous assessment and work placement report. Internally examined by the teachers. University confers the award. Under the responsibility of various ministries. Panels nominated at regional or local level. Exam carried out in school or centre. Marked externally. Award conferred by regional office of relevant Ministry. There are several levels of qualification in the French educative system: All the diplomas are delivered by the Ministry of agriculture or the Ministry of education. 2122 2122 They are validated by a written exam and by a practical phase: Evaluation of a training report based on observations and field researches in an enterprise (BTS, DUT, Bac and Brevet) or an evaluation on the work position (CAP, CQP). It is interesting to compare a few figures in order to make an analysis of labour and qualifications: 1994- 1996 2000-2002 Craftsmen, shopkeeper, managers Socio professional categories 13,5% 7,6% Executive, professionals 4,9% 3,3% Intermediary professions 8,8% 9,2% Employees 13,5% 10,9% Skilled workers 29,1% 36,1% Unskilled workers 30,1% 32,8% Total 100% Main professional families (2000-2002) 100% Part All ONQ of process industries 21,7% 21,7% OQ of process industries 20,9% 42,5% Butchers, pork butchers, bakers 12,9% 55,4% ONQ handlers 7,2% 62,6% sales 6% 68,5% Decreasing order The part of skilled and unskilled workers has a tendency to increase: they represent 2/3 of the meat industries. AGE 1994-1996 2000-2002 Less than 25 11.1% 9.5% 25 to 29 16.7% 12.5% 30 to 39 32.3% 34.6% 40 to 49 26.3% 26.9% 50 and more 13.6% 16.5% Source : INSEE. Enquête Emploi réalisée au mois de mars de l’année n. Exploitation Céreq L’âge pris en compte est l’âge atteint au 31 décembre de l’année n. Champ : ensemble des personnes occupées salariées ou non salariées, hors salariées de l’Etat et des Collectivités Locales Diploma level 1994-1996 2000-2002 Levels I et II 2.5% 2.7% Level III 3.8% 4.7% Level IV 6.9% 10.2% Level V 43.2% 43.5% Level VI 43.5% 38.9% TOTAL 100% 100% Source : INSEE. Enquête Emploi réalisée au mois de mars de l’année n. Exploitation Céreq Champ : ensemble des personnes occupées salariées ou non salariées, hors salariées de l’Etat et des Collectivités Locales The average age is increasing which is a consequence of the lack of interest for young people. The levels of diplomas are increasing. But the diplomas have not necessarily been acquired in the meat sector; lots of employees come from other industrial sectors and do not have specific diploma for the meat sector. The increase in the level of qualification is due to the French educative system which encourages people to stay at school and wishes for example that 80% of the young had their baccalaureat. (Level 4) Level of diploma Part of levels I, II et III Part of level VI 1994-1996 2000-2002 1994-1996 2000-2002 Less than 30 11% 15% 36% 24% From 30 to 49 5% 6% 45% 41% 50 and more ns% ns% 54% 51% All the sector 6% 7% 43% 39% All sectors 18% 23% 38% 31% Source : INSEE. Enquête Emploi réalisée au mois de mars de l’année n. Exploitation Céreq Champ : ensemble des personnes occupées salariées ou non salariées, hors salariées de l’Etat et des Collectivités Locales The educative and training system has set up a system of life long trainings which allows people having left the educative system without a qualification to train at all time. This system is used by the job seekers or the employees who wish to change jobs or evaluate in their career. The tendency is for the enterprises to increase the employment of job seekers and to take less trainees. Previous situation ( n – 1) Sector All sectors 19941996 20002002 19941996 20002002 People working in year n, working in n - 1 93.3% 93.2% 95.1% 94.4% In another situation in n – 1 : 6.7% 6.8% 4.9% 5.6% - unemployed (registered or not in the ANPE) 2.9% 3.4% 2.2% 3.5% - Student, trainee 2.1% 1.9% 0.6% 0.2% Source : INSEE. Enquête Emploi réalisée au mois de mars de l’année n. Exploitation Céreq Champ : ensemble des personnes occupées salariées ou non salariées, hors salariées de l’Etat et des Collectivités Locales Diploma levels Part of levels I, II and III Part of levels VI 1994-1996 2000-2002 1994-1996 2000-2002 Craftsmen, shopkeepers, managers ns% ns% 36% 28% Executive, professionals ns% ns% ns% ns% Intermediary profession 26% 36% 32% 16% employees ns% 14% 40% 25% Skilled workers ns% ns% 39% 36% Unskilled workers ns% ns% 60% 59% All 6% 7% 43% 39% 18% 23% 38% 31% sector All, all sectors Source : INSEE. Enquête Emploi réalisée au mois de mars de l’année n. Exploitation Céreq Champ : ensemble des personnes occupées salariées ou non salariées, hors salariées de l’Etat et des Collectivités Locales The amount of budget dedicated to training remains rather weak in the meat sector : Continuing education Meat sector All sectors Financial participation rate 1.9% 3% Access to trainings rates 27.4% 35.4% 21 H 32 H 2001-2003 (More than 10 employees) Average duration of trainings (in hours) Source : Céreq. Exploitation des déclarations fiscales 24-83 portant sur les stagiaires pris en charge dans le cadre du plan de formation (hors congé individuel de formation et alternance). Champ : salariés des établissements de 10 salariés et plus, hors fonction publique Continuing education of employees Executives Access to training rate 1993-1995 2000-2002 44% 46% Intermediary professions 47% 51% Employees 20% 26% Skilled workers 24% 26% Unskilled workers 19% 18% All sector 25% 27% All, all sectors 33% 36% Source : Céreq. Exploitation des déclarations fiscales 24-83 portant sur les stagiaires pris en charge dans le cadre du plan de formation (hors congé individuel de formation et alternance). Champ : salariés des établissements de 10 salariés et plus, hors fonction publique Managers and intermediary professions are the main categories to access trainings. Workers have little access to trainings. As far as professional and economic mobility is concerned in the meat sector, it can be noticed that the employees are less mobile than in other sectors of activity. Professional and economic mobility (between n – 1 and n) Sector All sectors 1994-1996 2000-2002 1994-1996 2000-2002 8% 10.6% 7.9% 9.3% Mobility in the sector 1.6% 2% 3.8% 4.1% Mobility between sectors 7.7% 6.6% 7.3% 8.6% Change in social category Source : INSEE. Enquête Emploi réalisée au mois de mars de l’année n. Exploitation Céreq Champ : ensemble des personnes occupées salariées ou non salariées, hors salariées de l’Etat et des Collectivités Locales On another side, industrials try to win the loyalty of their employees by hiring them with open-ended contracts. RATIO in / out Sector All sectors 19961998 20022004 19961998 20022004 44% 36.4% 34.9% 38.6% Open-ended contracts 13.2% 19.9% 21.9% 26.3% Fixed-terms contracts 82.1% 75.6% 69.6% 64.5% Labor rotation rate Source : DMMO-EMMO. Fichier DARES portant sur l’ensemble des mouvements de main d’œuvre de l’année n (recrutements, transferts entre établissements d’une même entreprise…). Exploitation Céreq. Champ : salariés des établissements de 10 salariés et plus et hors fonction publique. Chapter 3 : Identification of the actors of the process of recognition of qualifications in the meat sector The concerned ministries are: Ministries of agriculture, education and employment. These 3 ministries deal with the problems related to training and employment. The ministry of agriculture has developed its own diplomas parallel to the ministry of education. For instance there’s a CAP meat products assistant delivered by the ministry of education and a CAP agrofood polyvalent in industrial meat process worker delivered by the ministry of agriculture. The ministry of education has developed diplomas that are more crafts oriented. The ministry of agriculture has developed diplomas that are more industry oriented. The 2 ministries have worked together on the creation of a professional bio-industries baccalauréat, but there is little work in common as far as the development of trainings is concerned between the 2 ministries. Training centres: there are public and private training centres, they may depend from the ministry of agriculture or from the ministry of education. Agreements are necessary to teach and deliver academic diplomas (CAP, baccalaureat, BTS, DUT, engineer…) As far as CQPs are concerned (professional qualifications certificates) no agreement is required. Training centres with no agreement for the delivering of academic diplomas can train people with the aim of obtaining a CQP. The French meat industry sector is represented by different professional branches: - FICT: French federation of pork butchers, caterers, meat transformers industrials. It groups together the transformation industries. - FNICGV: National federation of the wholesale meat trade: it concerns slaughterhouses, cutting and 2d transformation. - FNCBV: National cattle and meat trade federation: slaughterhouses, cutting and 2d transformation. - National confederation of French tripe trade - National federation of service providers slaughterhouses - National syndicate of meat transformation industries - National syndicate for the meat industry - FCD: Federation of trade and distribution: shops (food distribution); - Retail federation All the social and professional partners worked together on the creation of CQPs on the existing jobs in the field and their definition. The CQP agreement has been signed by most trade- unions, they are agreements with parity representation. Chapter 4 Recognition of professional qualifications process The French training system is characterized by a certain number of national diplomas which are mainly delivered by the ministries of agriculture or education. These diplomas can be prepared either through initial training or through alternating continuing education. France applies the life long learning concept which allows everyone to train during his/her professional life in order to prepare a diploma, improve his/her qualifications in order to evaluate in his/her sector or change jobs. The diplomas are based on professional references and allow the access to certain positions. In order to recognize the competences of its employees and meet the concrete needs of qualification of new employees, the profession has created CQPs, based on the recognition of competences. The table below shows the typical diplomas that can qualify someone for a given position: Worker Carver Machine operator Workshop supervisor CAP Butcher CAP Pork butcher, caterer CAP IAA Polyvalent worker in the process of food related products CAP IAA Polyvalent worker for the industrial process of meats BEPA transformation specialized in agro food industries BAC PRO agro food CQP qualified worker CAP IAA Conditioning automatic machine operator BEPA transformation specialized in agro food industries Bac Pro transformation industries BP agro food industries BTS IAA transformation of meat related products CQP machine operator CQP production line operator BTS IAA meat products transformation Professional licence Agro food engineer CQP workshop supervisor It is necessary to point that obtaining a diploma doesn’t automatically give the corresponding position. The enterprises policies can be very different. For a given job, a diploma and/or professional experience can be required. Because few people train in the meat sector, the diplomas are often issued in other activities sectors and it is difficult to create a classification. On the workers or employees positions, which are the majority, the companies often hire voluntary persons who are interested in the sector. Wages are low and it is difficult to move people from one position to the other or from one company to another. The CV is generally asked for and is the only document asked for. Then, the new employee must show what he can do on the field. Since there are little trainings in the profession, it is also difficult to have competences recognised but by the years spent in the sector. Nowadays, there is no other recognition system than the CQP: This system is very marginal for the moment and in certain branches doesn’t permit a recognition of competences in other professional branches. Chapter 5 Analysis of results Country : France Name of interviewee : M. Joël Delepine Body: CFDT Function: Federal secretary, responsible for the meat sector Date and place of interview: 02/04/07 by telephone Reason for interviewing this person: Reference given by Effat Name of interviewer: Isbelle Frimout CV of interviewee: Joël Delepine Born on January 12, 1949 (age: 58) 1972: Dairy school Joins the CFDT 1977: Starts in the meat sector as storekeeper fork-lift truck driver 1978: Creates the CFDT section in the slaughterhouse/transformation plant specialised in hamburgers and become staff delegate, trade union delegate, member of works council , secretary and trade union representative at the C.H.S.C.T. 1979: Beginning of a CCE, becomes secretary. Becomes member of the salary negotiation commission for the CFDT delegation in the collective convention for meat industries. 1980: setting up o group committee, becomes secretary. 1981: Becomes a member of the directors board of the OFIVAL after the arrival of the socialists at the government and until 2006. Has a seat at the under commission of the pork sector in Brussels until 1995 1994: Leaves his company which is closing and starts working at the FGA/CFDT until 1997 in charge of trade union development in Brittany. 1997: Becomes animator of 2 regions: Brittany and Basse normandie and follow up of 2 meat branches with 2 national collective conventions: industries (35000 workers) and coop (15000 workers) and also the cold store branch (15000). 2007: Will retire in December 2007thanks to the agreement signed by the CFDT on long careers. Will be 59 years old (less one month) and will have done 2 years and a half extra as the agreement allowed me to do. Block 1. Vocational training situation at the meat industry sector. Which is the situation of vocational training in the sector? Companies are reluctant to improve vocational training. They use the legal minimum of 0,9% of the aggregate remuneration to train their employees mainly on hygiene and security (especially since the mad cow disease). They could use it to organize other trainings. Companies going beyond their legal obligations and using 1.2 to 1.3 of the aggregate remuneration are few unless additional grants are provided. Some companies use a professionalization contracts but they aren’t many. As far as CQP process is concerned (recognition of qualification by sector), some companies use it in the framework of competences for their employees). Has initial training been successful among young people? No, more and more sections are closing because of lack of candidates. The job is not attractive and suffers for a bad image. What role does it play in the companies and on the labour market? I am convinced that it will always be necessary, there will always be a need for a professional side, even if important production sites are heavily industrialized, there will always be a need for professionals. But because of the segmentation of tasks, the question is still to answer. Is it possible to identify the changes that will happen in the coming years in vocational training which will be due to the introduction of new technologies? Professionals want to protect new technologies and innovation: They don’t communicate on them and on the fact that trainings are organised on these new technologies. People remain very reserved. There are few trainings and the number of trainees is very limited. 2d block: Recognition of qualification What is the value of professional experience on the labour market? It depends of the labour sector. When labour is scarce or ephemeral, professional experience has little value: industrials hire those applying for the job. For basic production jobs, it is little taken into account. When you go up one step, it becomes more important. How is the qualification recognised? Describe the selection and recruitment process? There is no recognition. The classification is made by level and grade: the job is qualified, not the employee (ex: for such job, you must be able to…. Know…). Some time ago, classification was made by coefficient and was fairer and more person-oriented. The selection of candidates is rather made on physical capacities and motivation than on diplomas. Nowadays, you see Irish temporary work agencies hiring Polish workers to work in production jobs in meat industry plants. What are the documents used in the process of recruiting? (CV, registration forms, recommendations, diplomas and certificates)? Cvs are very often required. There is suck a lack of labour that the recommendation system and bonus given to the employee who manages to attract someone is also common. Is there a specific accreditation which would facilitate the mobility and access to training for employees? The CQP could be one but ii is not transversal (except in the pork butcher’ sector). Mobility is not made easier. The DIF (individual right to training) should give each employee a right to a 20 hours training a year but it is scarcely used and only allows small trainings. This system is not well known by the employees. Is there any company which has a related practice? Very few. Do you know if researchers or projects are currently under way? No. rd 3 Block: Need for a national and international accreditation Do you think a document listing the competences and which would facilitate the mobility and access to trainings is necessary? Yes Do you think that a document such as Europass would be useful for the companies? Yes, but it would be useful only for a certain category of employees: technicians and supervisors. An employee who works to maintain his family is not interested: he doesn’t want to work in another sector that would be more profitable. Why? X Labour mobility in the enterprise and in the sector X Personal selection by Qualifications visibility Labour promotion Training access Quality certification Quality improvement Others Do you consider that a model such as Europass would be useful for the workers? Yes, we’ll have to go in that direction. Such a tool must be built in order to make people evaluate. Why? X Labour mobility in the enterprise and in the sector X Personal selection by Qualifications visibility X Labour promotion X Training access Quality certification Quality improvement Others If such a document was used in the sector, do you thing that these datas would be interesting? If a model of competences license in the sector will be used, will you consider important these parts? 1. Personal data: name, age, gender, place of birth, residence. Yes 2. Name of the organisation who issue the document: trade union, business organisation, training centre, public authorities, private companies, employment agencies, ect. Yes 3. Labour experience-labour path: enterprises where it’s been working, jobs, responsibilities, workers in charge, seniority. Yes 4. Training courses carried out: academic studies achieved, training courses at job, computer skills, languages courses, seminars participation, ect. Yes 5. Profesional competences acquired: a. Technician profesional competences: yes b. Languages competences: yes c. Computer competences: yes d. Environment competences: yes e. Labour risk prevention competences: yes f. Social Skills and competences acquired: Team work, flexibility, self-control, interpersonal understanding, self-confidence, results guidance: yes According to you, which bodies should promote such a document in the meat sector? Social workers X Enterprises Public authorities (education ministry, work ministry, health ministry…) X All of them (through a social dialogue linked to a collective agreement) Certainly not the companies or only on a parity basis. If a company decides something, what value can it have? Do you consider necessary the following steps to carry out a Qualifications Recognition process in the sector?: X Identification of the enterprises and types of enterprises X Working posts classification X Description of the needed competences for the sector X Detail of the related training to obtain the competences X Definition of the qualification Recognition process X Identification of the staff who will asses and carry out the qualification identification process X List of the certificates, experiences, previous evidences which will have them in count X Emission of the competences license Do you consider that in France relations are good enough between social actors to promote initiatives like this one? There are 2 different visions: big companies who want to go on and small companies who don’t want to go on. This is very contradictory and blocks initiatives. What is the situation at a European level and how do you think it will evaluate in the next years? We always have a tendency to think we are the best and that we know better how to do things but the others know better and we must accept it. On jobs, presentation, trade we are in direct competition with all the countries and we’ll have to adapt. ENTRETIEN AVEC L’EXPERT Pays : FRANCE Nom de la personne interrogée : Monsieur Joël DELEPINE Organisme : CFDT Poste occupé : Secrétaire Fédéral – Responsable de la branche Viande Date et lieu de l’entretien :02/04/07 téléphonique CV de la personne interrogée : DELEPINE Joël Né le 12 janvier 1949 (58 ans) C.E.P. 1972 : 1977 : 1978 : Ecole de laiterie Adhère à la CFDT Arrive dans le secteur « viande » comme magasinier Cariste Crée la section syndicale CFDT dans l’abattoir/usine de transformation spécialisée steak haché et devient Délégué du Personnel – Délégué Syndical – Membre du Comité d’Entreprise, Secrétaire et Représentant Syndical au C.H.S.C.T. 1979 : Mise en place d’un C.C.E. et devient Secrétaire. Devient membre de la commission de négociation salariale pour la délégation CFDT dans la Convention Collective Nationale Industrie des viandes. 1980 : Mise en place d’un Comité de Groupe et en devient Secrétaire 1981 : Siège au Conseil de Direction à l’OFIVAL, organisme de gestion des marchés, après l’arrivée de la gauche au gouvernement, jusqu’en 2006. Siège à la sous commission du secteur porcin à Bruxelles jusqu’en 1995. 1994 : Quitte l’entreprise pour cause de fermeture et devient permanent à la FGA/CFDT jusqu’en 1997. Je suis chargé du développement syndical dans la région Bretagne, région d’origine. 1997 : Prend à la FGA le secteur d’animation de deux régions, Bretagne et BasseNormandie et le suivi de la branche Viande avec deux Conventions Collectives Nationales industries (35000 salariés) et coopérative (15000 salariés) ainsi que la branche Entrepôts Frigorifiques (15000 salariés). 2007 Je prends ma retraite le 31/12 grâce à l’accord signé par la CFDT dans le cadre des carrières longues. J’aurai 59 ans moins 1 mois tout en ayant fait 2 ans1/2 de rab que me permettait cet accord. Raison pour laquelle cette personne a été sélectionnée : Référence donnée par EFFAT Nom de la personne qui conduit l’entretien : Isabelle FRIMOUT Signature de la personne interrogée :