椊民地台湾に在住した内地人の戦時下の生活体験

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LA DIASPORA
A JAPONAISE À TAIW
WAN
"JAPA
ANESE" IN TAIWAN AFTER
A
JAPANESE EMPIRE PERIOD
E
: A C ASE STU
UDY OF
TAIP
PEI GYOKU
ULANSOU CARE CENTER
Linda W
Wenjiuan CHANG
C
Osa
aka Univerrsity
Thématique A : Dynamique
D
es migrato
oires, enje
eux postco
oloniaux
me A: Mig
gration dy namics, post-colon
p
nial challen
nges
Them
Attelier A 08 : Dynamiq
ques migra
atoires et lo
ogiques co
ommunautaaires en As
sie
Workshop
p A 08: Mig
gratory dyn
namics and
d commun
nitarian logiics in Asia
4ème Co
ongrès du
u Réseau Asie
A
& Pacifique
th
4 Con
ngress of tthe Asia & Pacific Network
N
14-16
1
septt. 2011, Pa
aris, France
e
Écolle nationale supérieu
ure d'archittecture de Paris-Belleeville
Ce
entre de co
onférences
s du Ministè
ère des Afffaires étrangères et eeuropéenn
nes
© 201
11 – Linda We
enjiuan CHANG
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2011/9/15
Taiwan, a “pro-Japan” country? Why?
“Japan within Taiwan”?
“Japanese” in Taiwan after Japanese Empire Period:
A case study of Taipei Gyokulansou Japanese Care Center
Linda Wenjiuan Chang
Graduate School of Letters, Doctoral Program,
Osaka University
Asian Research Institute, Visiting Researcher,
Osaka University of Economics and Law
Research Topics: Migration Studies, Urban Studies, Asian Studies
Osaka, Japan
[email protected]
4th congress of the Asia and pacific Network
14, 15 & 16 September 2011 @ Paris
- Gyokulansou "Ah, dolls for the doll festival! I’ve only been away
from Japan 2 and a half years, but at Gyokulansou
I can experience an oddly nostalgic air. There are
no red dragonflies in Taiwan, but we can sing
"Akatonbo" together and be immersed in nostalgia.
Even if it never snows, the song "Tsugaru Straight
- Winter Scene" makes my heart shiver "
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Outline
History of Taiwan
About Gyokulansou
People’s Feelings toward Gyokulansou
Findings
Historical Background
Discussion
Research Methods:
Field work during 2010-present.
*Participant observation.
*Individual in-depth interviews.

Why did such a “Japanese” place show up in
Taiwan? Why do people come here?

What do “Japan” and “Japanese” mean to
people who come here?
1. History of Taiwan
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Indigenous people: From about 8,000 years
before.
Dutch rule: 1624-1662.
Spanish rule: 1626-1642.
Ming loyalist rule: 1662-1683.
Qing Dynasty rule: 1683-1895.
Japanese rule: 1895-1945.
Republic of China rule: 1945-present.
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2011/9/15
Reach of the Japanese Empire’s Power in 1944:
People crossing borders.
2. About Gyokulansou
History: Was officially founded in 1989.
(Precursor was a reading community of the
Holy Bible from 1978.)
Activities: Every Monday and Friday. From
9am~4pm. Singing, worship service, learning
programs, watching movies, making
handicrafts, etc.
Members: Participants/ Volunteers / Sponsors.
1.
2.
3.

2
2011/9/15
3. People’s Feelings toward Gyokulansou
3-1. Participants
“As soon as I enter the classroom at 10 am, I can
hear a cheerful singing voice. Okawa’s lively
appearance and everyone’s kind smiles –
enveloped in this warm atmosphere, I too open
my mouth wide to sing the old, nostalgic
melodies together. Forgetting everything I
return to my schoolgirl days, feeling young at
heart again.” （by a Japanese wife）
“As I can experience nostalgic Japanese
language and culture, and drink Japanese-style
miso soup, etc, I spend every day looking
forward to the days I can come to Gyokulansou
activities.” (by a Japanese-speaking Taiwanese)
“Because of the daily customs I learned as a
child, a Japanese lifestyle seems to agree with
me.” “Gyokulansou is very Japanese. Coming
here I feel as if I’ve gone to Japan. My mood
completely changes between when I arrive and
by the time I leave” (by a Japanese-speaking
Taiwanese)
“At Gyokulansou I can sing the nostalgic
children’s songs and popular songs I heard and
learned in (elementary) school. I sing while
happily remembering the old days. The
volunteers are kind and there are many older
members fluent in Japanese. It’s very easy to
find a Japanese language teacher, so the
Japanese I had begun to forget is gradually
coming back.”(by a Japanese-speaking
Taiwanese)
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2011/9/15
3. People’s Feelings toward Gyokulansou
3-2. Japanese volunteers
3. People’s Feelings toward Gyokulansou
3-3. Japanese sponsors
“I was reminded of just how deep the
relationship between Japan and Taiwan is. I
was also moved by the members’ liveliness and
active participation, fully enjoying themselves.”
“The nostalgic good old days of Japan live on in
Taiwan.”
“Strangely, at the end of the war, Taiwan was on
the winning side, yet despite being suppressed by
the Republic of China, a Japanese spirit
remains intact.”
“The first time I came to Gyokulansou I felt
there is a place for me in Taiwan too.”
4. Findings:
“I was moved by the beautifully spoken Japanese
1.
that no longer exists in Japan, and when I saw
the look in their eyes singing “Hometown,” I
was filled with warmth. The Japanese-speaking
generation in Taiwan taught me the real Japan
and Japanese people.”
Japanese wives come to be with Japanese and
Japanese atmosphere.
2.
Japanese-speaking Taiwanese also come for
Japanese atmosphere but one of the biggest
reasons which makes them come here is to regain
the Japanese they had forgotten.
3.
4.
Gyokulansou is a place of relaxation and
healing for women who have recently moved
to Taiwan too. Many volunteers say that
Gyokulansou is necessary for the times they
miss Japan. This can be seen to reflect that
more than anything Gyokulansou is a very
“Japanese” place, without a doubt a little
Japan within Taiwan.
What make Japanese sponsors come to
support Gyokulansou is because of they think
Japanese-speaking Taiwanese are very
“Japanese” so they have historical
responsibility for them.



What do “Japan” and “Japanese” mean
to Gyokulansou and people who come
here?
Why did such a “Japanese” place show
up in Taiwan during 1970s-1980s?
Why is “Japan (Japanese)” so
important for them?
↓
Historical Background
4
2011/9/15
5-1. The history of “Japanese wives” in Taiwan
5-2. “Old Japanese”? What made the “Japanesespeaking Taiwanese”?
Taiwan after Japanese Empire Period
6. Discussion
6-1. Nostalgia for “Japan”
1949-1987 : Martial Law Period
→ (1946-1950s: The prohibition of Japanese.)
“Songs of my Heart”
1960s-: Japan’s economical support for Taiwan
→ Japanese became a important language for
finding jobs.
1970s-: A growing trend of Taiwan nationalism
→ Keep rebuilding the memories of Japanese Empire
Period.
40%:
Colonial period songs.
50%:
Post-war songs.
10%
Others.
The character of Gyokulansou’s environment, a
“Japanese atmosphere,” did not become “Japanese”
naturally because there are Japanese participants and
volunteers. Japanese wives living in Taiwan and
Japanese-speaking Taiwanese of the same generation long
for “Japan.” The organization’s administration and
volunteers, supporters and cultural exchange groups want
to respond to their wishes. In addition, all these people
involved have their own various feelings towards “Japan.”
In short, the Center is not naturally giving off a “Japanese
atmosphere,” because of the Japanese wives and
Taiwanese of the Japanese-speaking generation, but we
can say that all the people gathering there have
communally created a “Japan within Taiwan.”
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2011/9/15
6-2. “Japanese spirit ”?
1.
2.
Liberation from the oppression of
history brings “healing” or “nostalgia”
that is not “love” or “parents.”
Feelings of “admiration” born out of
discriminatory education and Japanese
needs.
6.3 Who is “Japanese Diaspora”?
It’s not a question of right of wrong. There’s
nothing I can do about it. My heart is Japanese.(By
a Japanese-speaking Taiwanese)
6