Table des matières - Performances Group

Transcription

Semaine 22 – du 30 mai au 05 juin 2011
N°176
Table des matières
Regional integration important for trade, says CCA -------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Fund managers eye African prospects --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
Adcock Ingram to Seek Additional Acquisitions in West Africa --------------------------------------------- 5
EAC seeks $25bn for infrastructure projects Send to a friend ----------------------------------------------- 6
Africa fund seeks $100 mln for SMEs--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
India to establish 80 new institutions across Africa ----------------------------------------------------------------- 7
Lewis to ramp up S.Africa store openings ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8
Appui budgétaire exceptionnel de 500 millions de dollars de la Banque africaine de
développement pour la Tunisie --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
La Banque centrale du Ghana va lancer un emprunt obligataire de trois ans --------------------- 9
La BOAD met à la disposition du Niger 50 milliards de francs CFA----------------------------------------- 9
La Tunisie visée par la proposition de la BEI pour le développement des PPP --------------------- 10
Régulation financière : Bruxelles sermonne Washington ------------------------------------------------------ 10
L’euro atteint son niveau le plus haut depuis janvier 2010 --------------------------------------------------- 11
Afrique : le secteur privé a plus que jamais les faveurs de Proparco ----------------------------------- 11
South Africa's Economy Accelerates ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
Nigeria's Historic Opportunity ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
Ghana touted as fast emerging economy in Africa ------------------------------------------------------------ 13
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Why Nigeria is yet to take advantage of AGOA ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14
In order to flourish, EA must integrate its small markets -------------------------------------------------------- 16
Now African Health Fund surpasses $100m target --------------------------------------------------------------- 17
REQUEST FOR EXPRESSION OF INTEREST FOR DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACBF ICT STRATEGIC
PLAN 2012-2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
ECOWAS, development partners meet to review regional integration ------------------------------- 20
SA to become major train market --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
Can Africa become the next China? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Mr Price could open in Nigeria by December this year ------------------------------------------------------- 23
Punj Lloyd eyes infra projects worth $2 bn in Africa ------------------------------------------------------------- 24
Gates Foundation spends $1.7B on farming in Africa ---------------------------------------------------------- 26
Sustainability and impacts of inclusive business models ------------------------------------------------------ 28
What CEOs are saying about Africa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28
Cherte du loyer à dakar - Les locataires crient leur ras-le-bol ---------------------------------------------- 31
Africa’s SADC, EAC, COMESA Blocs Plan to Merge, South Africa’s Davies Says ------------------ 32
Afrique : le secteur privé a plus que jamais les faveurs de Proparco ----------------------------------- 32
CEEAC : des experts appellent à adopter la stratégie de financement du secteur de l'eau34
Le système de santé mauricien, un modèle pour l'Afrique (ANALYSE) --------------------------------- 34
Nigeria : secteur privé et infrastructures, priorités de Goodluck Jonathan--------------------------- 35
Samsung vise l'Afrique --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36
Interview : Ibrahim Assane Mayaki, secrétaire exécutif du NEPAD -------------------------------------- 37
L’Afrique : une source de croissance pour le XXIème siècle ? --------------------------------------------- 39
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Regional integration important for trade, says CCA
By Business Reporter
THE Corporate Council on Africa (CCA) has said regional integration is an important tool that can be
used to further integrate goods and services and increase trade in the Africa Growth and opportunity
Act (AGOA) Forum.
CCA vice-president in charge of business development Timothy McCoy said for the American private
sector, regional integration was important because it could be used as a foundation to determine the
level of goods being traded in the region and internationally.
“A number of companies have taken keen interest in the progress of regional integration because if
those regions further integrate that will make it easier for those companies’ goods and services to flow
across borders,” he said.
Mr McCoy said the council was working closely with Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
(COMESA) and other regional groupings that would be serving as panelists at the summit in Lusaka next
month.
“Speakers will be speaking further on how we can make Africa a more business-friendly place,” Mr
McCoy said.
The CCA is an American non-profit association of more than 160 companies that collectively work to
encourage more American companies to do business in Africa.
Beginning with the very first AGOA Forum in 2001, CCA has played a central role in planning the AGOA
Forum private sector session, which takes place on the margins of the ministerial meetings of the annual
AGOA Forum.
This year, CCA has again been designated by the United States and the Zambian governments as US
coordinator for the private sector/civil society session and the international trade exhibition, which will
take place at the Mulungushi International Conference Centre in Lusaka next month.
AGOA is part of the Trade and Development Act of 2000, and it provides beneficiary countries in subSaharan Africa that do not already have a free trade agreement with the United States liberal access
to US markets.
It reinforces African reform efforts, provides improved access to US credit and technical expertise, and
establishes a high-level dialogue on trade and investment in the form of the annual US-Sub-Saharan
Africa Trade and Economic Forum.
Fund managers eye African prospects
Global investors seeking outsized returns need to stop following the herd and look to Africa as the next
great frontier. This is what the founder of one of Africa’s leading private equity firms said late last year.
“The Bric (Brazil, Russia, India and China) countries are the new mainstream,” said Ahmed Heikal,
chairman and founder of Citadel Capital, which has US$8,3bn in investments under its control in 14 industries spanning 15 countries in Africa and the Middle East. “If you’re really going to be creative, you
need to look to what’s next, and that is clearly Africa and the Middle East,” he said.
By 2040, these two regions will be home to the world’s largest working-age population. Also, manufacturing jobs will continue shifting out of “rich Asia” towards Africa, particularly Algeria, Nigeria and Egypt.
These countries account for one-third of the continent’s population and more than half of Africa’s foreign direct investments, foreign reserves, total exports and total trade, he says.
Certainly, investing in these geographies is not for the faint-hearted. But if you want to wait until there is
no risk, go invest in Switzerland and be thankful for 1,4% on your 10-year government bond.
It must be said that private equity in Africa is not a new phenomenon. It’s just that there is a confluence
of factors putting Africa firmly on the investment map. It’s getting crowded in China, India and Brazil.
And investors are remembering, with fondness, the spectacular African business successes — such as
the private-equity backed African telecommunications pioneer Celtel’s $3,4bn buyout in 2006 — prior
to the financial crisis.
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In addition, Africa’s growth rates are attractive in comparison with other regions. “Africa’s GDP growth
rate is comparable to the Brics. According to the IMF, the projected GDP growth rate for the US in 2012
is 3%, while SA’s is just under 4%. For the entire sub-Saharan region it’s just under 6% and 6,5% for the
Brics,” says Zain Laher, a principal in the Johannesburg office of Emerging Capital Partners. This private
equity fund manager has over $1,8bn under management in Africa and has been investing on the continent since 2000. “But the difference for fund managers is that there is less competition for the good
deal in Africa than in Asia or Latin America,” he says.
There are two themes underpinning Africa’s growth. “The first relates to mineral and agricultural resources, which are in demand around the world,” says Laher. The second relates to her populations —
huge middle classes in the making. “These are people whose growing needs include access to bank
accounts, insurance, mortgages and telecom services — and that’s just for starters. If these populations
are to grow and thrive, then huge infrastructural requirements must also be met,” he says.
Recent figures released by the Emerging Markets Private Equity Association (EMPEA) reflect the growing
institutional interest. EMPEA reports that sub-Saharan Africa private equity fundraising for 2010 closed at
$1,49bn. The aggregate funds raised for sub-Saharan Africa revealed 56% year-on-year growth, outperforming the majority of emerging market regions, which suffered declining growth in terms of funds raised.
Investors are increasingly aware of the advances made in Africa, says Natalie Kolbe, a director at Actis,
an emerging markets private equity fund. Though there is unrest in North Africa and Côte d’Ivoire, political stability is becoming the norm. “Ten years ago, there were just nine democracies on the continent.
Today, there are 35, and this number is rising,” she says.
Advances in macroeconomic stability are also gaining recognition, she says. African inflation in the
1990s averaged 22%. Since 2000 it has averaged 8%. Trade barriers are falling, while central bank autonomy is rising. Foreign debt is low and reduced fiscal deficits could put some developed countries to
shame.
Companies such as Citadel, Actis and Emerging Capital Partners, headquartered in Cairo, London and
Washington respectively, have the focus and the “feet on the ground” to reap the rewards. More recently the Carlyle Group, a global alternative asset manager, announced its Africa intentions. It has established a team to conduct buyout and growth capital investments in sub-Saharan Africa.
The team is coheaded by Marlon Chigwende, previously the head of private equity in Africa for Standard Chartered Bank, and Danie Jordaan, a former partner at Ethos Private Equity.
What about the SA fund managers? “SA funds have been investing in Africa for some years,” says Siyabonga Nhlumayo, an associate at Medu Capital, a private equity company based in Johannesburg.
“But there is a limited pool of local fund managers who have successfully transitioned into pan-African
fund managers.”
This may change. Aside from the obvious opportunities, there is one challenge they are facing: “The
capital raising market is challenging right now,” says Nhlumayo. This is despite the fact that regulation
28 of the Pension Funds Act now allows pension funds to invest a larger proportion of their funds into alternative investments, he says. In addition, he says, development finance institutions are refining their investment mandates and increasingly focusing on fund managers that are deploying capital in lowincome economies. For instance, Norfund, the Norwegian development fund for developing countries,
will not invest where GDP per capita is more than $6500, putting Botswana out of the picture.
“That means to attract capital, SA fund managers are beginning to consider funds that have a broader
pan-African focus,” he says. “The industries they would look at include consumer goods, financial services, agriculture, infrastructure and energy, and as far as those industries go, SA fund managers have a
wealth of experience.”
Africa is about to get a lot busier.
Siyabonga Nhlumayo
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Natalie Kolbe
Adcock Ingram to Seek Additional Acquisitions in West
Africa
By Sikonathi Mantshantsha
(Updates with share price in fourth paragraph.)
May 24 (Bloomberg) -- Adcock Ingram Holdings Ltd., Africa’s largest over-the-counter drug manufacturer, is seeking acquisitions in West Africa to take advantage of economic growth in the region, Chief
Executive Officer Jonathan Louw said.
“After our success in Ghana, we are looking at Nigeria and other West African countries,” Louw said today in an interview in Johannesburg, where the company is based. Adcock bought a controlling stake
in Accra-based Ayrton Drug Manufacturing Ltd. last year.
Adcock has a team in Nigeria looking for purchases, Louw said. The country’s economy will grow an
average of 11.7 percent a year until 2015, National Planning Minister Shamsudeen Usman said yesterday, according to South Africa’s The Times newspaper.
The company’s stock jumped as much as 2.5 percent to 61.60 rand, the highest price in three weeks,
and was up 0.8 percent at 10:11 a.m. in Johannesburg.
With cash equivalents of 1.1 billion rand ($157 million), Adcock has enough money to realize its ambitions, Louw said, though the company hasn’t yet found specific targets.
Adcock’s net income fell to 353.4 million rand in the first half through March, from 393.7 million rand a
year earlier, the company reported today.
--Editors: David Risser, Robert Valpuesta
To contact the reporter on this story:
Sikonathi Mantshantsha in Johannesburg at [email protected]
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Gavin Serkin at [email protected]
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EAC seeks $25bn for infrastructure projects
Send to a
friend
By Zephania Ubwani
The Citizen Bureau Chief
Arusha. More than $25 billion is needed to implement roads infrastructure projects in East Africa in the
next 10 years, it was announced here on Thursday.
The amount covers the cost of massive upgrading, modernisation and construction of roads to improve
intra-regional connectivity and also link up EA with countries outside the bloc.
"The estimated cost of these roads infrastructure development in the next 10 years is in excess of $ 25 billion,” disclosed Ms Hafsa Mosi, the Chairperson of the East African Community Council of Ministers,
when unveiling the Community's 2011/12 budget.
She said the regional body considers infrastructure development a central pillar of regional integration,
adding that several road master plans are being considered for implementation, while some works had
started.
"The flagships of this positive outcome are the Arusha-Namanga-Athi River road project and the power
interconnection at Namanga," she said when tabling the budget estimates before the East African Legislative Assembly (Eala).
Other road projects lined up for implementation in the near future are the Arusha-Moshi-Holili-TavetaVoi and the Bagamoyo-Tanga-Mombasa-Malindi Highway.
"These projects are also under implementation at the level of completion of engineering studies and
funds mobilisation for construction," she told the regional House currently holding sessions here.
She commended the African Development Bank (AfDB) for its readiness to finance road construction
projects in the region, adding that the last round of negotiations with the bank and EAC took place in
Tunis last month.
"The last round of negotiations have resulted in the prospects for greater support for the roads infrastructure", said Ms Mosi who is Burundi Minister for EAC Affairs, in a speech delivered on her behalf by Kenya's
Assistant Minister for EA Cooperation Peter Munya.
According to her, further support to the infrastructure development projects, involving railways, roads,
ports and harbours development will be forthcoming under the EAC-SADC-Comesa Tripartite process.
A consortium of development partners, led by the World Bank, European Union, DFID-UK, Trade Mark
Southern Africa and Trade Mark East Africa, has already pledged $1.2 billion for the development of the
infrastructure sector in the region, she said.
With a commitment to promote balanced regional development, the EAC has been implementing Establishment of Quality Infrastructure project, which emphasises technical assistance to Burundi and
Rwanda's quality infrastructures with the support of Germany.
The project, whose phase three implementation commenced in January this year, was allocated
800,000 euros.
Ms Mosi also spoke on the development of the railway network in the region, announcing that the extension of the Tanzania Central Railway from Isaka in Shinyanga region to Kigali and Bujumbura would
commence soon.
In the area of broadband technology, infrastructure network project to
inter-connect the five EAC partner states via a high capacity fibre optic link, progress has been made
to secure funds from AfDB, she said. The estimated development cost of the infrastructure component is
$ 30 million.
The minister requested the august House to approve a total of $109,680,319, being development and
recurrent expenditures in 2011/12 financial year.
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Africa fund seeks $100 mln for SMEs
By MacDonald Dzirutwe
HARARE (Reuters) - An Africa-focused fund plans to raise $100 million to buy assets in small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) in east and central Africa by the end of this year, the CEO of the fund said on
Friday.
The Batian Fund is a joint venture equity partnership between Botswana-based Imara Securities, Kenya's
Insurance Company of East Africa and Norway's Norfund and will be launched next month, chief executive Shaun Collyer said.
"We are concentrating more on consumer-driven businesses, services, financial services, information
communication services, and infrastructure businesses," Collyer told Reuters on the sidelines of a foreign
investor conference.
"We are looking at closing by the end of this year and to be deploying capital by around that time. We
are incubating transctions at the moment."
Collyer said the Fund would target companies with a value between $5 million and $25 million and
would buy minority stakes of less than $10 million.
He said there could be more than 2,000 relevant companies in their target region.
The fund would however not invest in agriculture and resource companies -- two sectors which have
driven a lot of African growth -- because they required more capital and had a longer turnaround period.
Investors should expect to start recovering their investment after two years.
"The economies of interest to us are predominantly Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Botswana,"
Collyser said.
Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Rwanda would also be considered for investment, he added.
India to establish 80 new institutions across Africa
Addis Ababa, May 25 (IANS) India will establish over 80 new institutions in Africa in areas as diverse
as agriculture to English language teaching in its support for institutional capacity building in Africa,
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said here Wednesday.
India’s total commitment to Africa would be to the tune of $5.7 billion in grants and lines of credit, the
prime minister said at the conclusion of the two-day 2nd Africa-India Summit at the African Union
headquarters in the Ethiopian capital.
‘In consultation with African Union we will establish over 80 new institutions at the Pan-African, regional
and bilateral levels in sectors such as agriculture, rural development, food processing, soil, water testing
laboratories, integrated textile cluster, weather forecasting, life and earth sciences, information technology, vocational training, English languages centres, entrepreneurial development institutes.
‘The consolidation of our financial assistance consisting of grants and lines of credit into a cohesive plan
has begun to show results in projects of interest to Africa,’ he said.
‘Our total commitment ove the next three years is expected to be $5.7 billion to help Africa achieve its
development goals,’ he added.
In addition, India will offer 22,000 scholarships and training slots to African students under the Indian
Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) programme, he declared.
Flanked by the president of Equatorial Guinea, Teodore Obiang Nguema Mbasago, and chairperson of
African Union Commission, Jean Ping, Manmohan Singh said annual trade between India and Africa
was about $46 billion and growing. Measures to open the Indian market to African exports, including
under the duty-free tariff preference schemes, were bearing fruit, he added.
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Lewis to ramp up S.Africa store openings
By Tiisetso Motsoeneng
JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) - South African furniture retailer Lewis plans to increase store numbers by a
fifth in the next two to three years in a bet on recovery in Africa's top economy.
But CEO John Elsin told Reuters expansion into fast-growing sub-Saharan Africa was on hold, highlighting
the difficulty for credit retailers in areas with weak financial infrastructure.
"We believe we must saturate the local market," he said in a telephone interview.
Lewis, which runs around 580 stores targeting the low end of the market, extends credit to customers
who cannot pay up front.
"We have no plans to expand into Africa ... there are no reliable credit bureaus operating in most parts
of Africa."
Cash retailers such as Massmart, currently the target of a takeover bid from Wal-Mart, have been ramping up their expansion into Africa while credit retailers such Lewis and JD Group have not been able to
follow.
HIGHER EARNINGS
Lewis reported a 21 percent rise in diluted headline earnings per share in the year to end-March, to
772.2 cents, beating an estimate of 756.4 cents by eight analysts polled by Thomson Reuters.
Results were helped by the stronger rand, which drives down the price of imports, and by fewer customers defaulting on debts thanks to the improving economy.
"A highlight for me was the gross margin improvement, it seems they were able to source products a lot
cheaper and that should be a function of the stronger rand," said Danie Pretorius, an analyst at RMB
Morgan Stanley.
Lewis lifted its dividend payout for the first time in two years, by 12 percent to 363 cents.
Shares in Lewis, which have dropped nearly 6 percent so far this year, were up 0.7 percent to 77.14 rand
by 1029 GMT, outperforming a 1.6 percent fall in the All-share index
Appui budgétaire exceptionnel de 500 millions de dollars
de la Banque africaine de développement pour la Tunisie
Le Conseil d’administration de la Banque africaine de développement (BAD) a approuvé aujourd’hui
un prêt de 500 millions de dollars afin de soutenir le gouvernement tunisien dans la phase de transition
d’après la révolution. L’objectif est d’aider à restaurer la stabilité socio-économique en Tunisie et de
permettre une croissance mieux distribuée et bénéfique pour tous les Tunisiens.
Ce programme de soutien d’urgence sera déboursé rapidement et en une seule fois. Cette nouvelle
approche permet à la Banque africaine de développement de mieux répondre aux besoins
d’urgence des pays africains.
Ce financement de la BAD fait partie d’un programme de 1.4 milliard de dollars financé par la Banque
mondiale (500 millions de dollars), l’Union européenne (90 millions d’euros) et l’Agence française de
développement (185 millions d’euros).
Le Premier Ministre tunisien Beji Caïd Essebsi, a salué la Banque africaine de développement, comme
première institution financière à avoir apporté son soutien au pays juste après la révolution du 14 janvier
2011. « La Tunisie apprécie tout particulièrement le soutien accordé par la BAD, a dit le Premier Ministre
Essebsi à Donald Kaberuka, President de la Banque africaine de develoopment, quand il a recu Monsieur Kaberuka en avril dernier. « La BAD a fermement soutenu la Tunisie pendant des années et en particulier, dans les mois difficiles que nous venons de traverser, » a-t-il ajouté.
Donald Kaberuka a déclaré: « La Banque africaine de développement se tient aux côtés des peuples
de la Tunisie et de l’Afrique du Nord pendant cette période importante, et la banque pourrait offrir de
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cinq à sept milliards de dollars pour soutenir la transition économique de la région dans les prochaines
années vers une croissance plus forte et bénéficiant à tous. »
Cette opération de prêt répondra immédiatement aux exigences des Tunisiens exprimées si fort pendant la révolution. Elle comprend trois piliers : la réduction des disparités régionales en améliorant
l’accès aux services sociaux dans les régions mal desservies, la création et le maintien des emplois ainsi
que le renforcement de l’écoute des citoyens et de leur responsabilisation.
Une des priorités de cette opération de soutien est d’aider le gouvernement tunisien à réduire le chômage des jeunes, en particulier parmi les nouveaux diplômés. Une autre priorité est de réduire les inégalités entre riches et pauvres, en particulier entre les régions côtières plus riches et les régions de
l’intérieur plus pauvres. Jacob Kolster, directeur régional de la BAD pour la Tunisie, la Libye et l’Egypte, a
déclaré : « Investir dans la participation et la responsabilisation des citoyens et restaurer un climat propice à l’investissement sont essentiels pour une croissance économique équitable. Cela créera un nouveau sentiment d’espoir pour les Tunisiens et de confiance en l’avenir. » Ces défis sont amplifiés par les
conséquences de la révolution, en particulier la baisse des revenus du tourisme, le gel des investissements et la croissance du chômage.
La Banque Africaine de développement travaillera en étroite collaboration avec le gouvernement tunisien, aux niveaux national, régional et local, comme avec la société civile, pour s’assurer que les objectifs du programme sont atteints, avec des résultats clairs et concrets sur le terrain, surtout dans les régions les plus pauvres.
La Banque centrale du Ghana va lancer un emprunt
obligataire de trois ans
La Banque centrale du Ghana va lancer la semaine prochaine sur le marché un emprunt obligataire
d’une durée de trois ans et d’un montant de 300 millions de cedis ghanéens (1 dollar américain=1.5
cedi ghanéen), annonce un communiqué.
Selon un communiqué de l'institution, le taux d'intérêt de cet emprunt sera de 10 pour cent et il sera
ouvert aux Ghanéens et aux étrangers.
Ce sera la troisième fois cette année que le gouvernement lance un emprunt libellé en monnaie locale.
Le gouvernement a lancé en avril un emprunt de trois ans pour payer les dettes de l'Etat qui arrivaient à
échéance
La BOAD met à la disposition du Niger 50 milliards de
francs CFA
La Banque ouest-africaine de développement (BOAD) met à la disposition du Niger 50 milliards de
francs CFA dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre des projets sur l’énergie, rapporte lundi l’Agence nigérienne de presse (ANP).
Citant le président de la BOAD, Christian Adovelande, l’ANP précise que la décision a été prise dimanche à l’issue d’une séance de travail avec la délégation nigérienne conduite par le président de
la République, Mahamadou Issoufou, en marge des travaux du sommet de l’UEMOA.
Le président de la BOAD a affirmé que son institution va appuyer le programme de développement du
Niger élaboré par le président Issoufou
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La Tunisie visée par la proposition de la BEI pour le développement des PPP
La Banque européenne d'investissement a proposé un programme d'assistance technique à quatre
pays pilotes - la Tunisie, le Maroc, la Jordanie et l'Égypte - pour la mise en œuvre de partenariats publicprivé (PPP), lors de la 9ème conférence euro-méditerranéenne de l'investissement et du partenariat
(FEMIP), le 30 mai à Casablanca. La BEI a également annoncé qu'elle allait demander au Conseil Ecofin, le 12 Juillet, d’élargir le mandat de l'EPEC (le centre européen d’expertise en PPP) pour y inclure la
région méditerranéenne.
Ces deux mesures viennent en concrétisation de la déclaration conjointe signée lors de la conférence
par les neuf partenaires méditerranéens et la BEI, qui exige l'accord des 27 Etats membres de l'UE. Ce
texte marque un fort consensus entre les parties sur la nécessité de développer la réussite des PPP en
Méditerranée après l'analyse des résultats de l'étude régionale de la BEI sur «Le cadre juridique et financier des PPP dans les pays méditerranéens partenaires», publié le même jour. Ces actions font partie du cadre plus large du programme de la FEMIP d'aide pluriannuelle pour les PPP pour la période
2011-2013.
"Nous savons quelles sont les exigences», a déclaré le ministre marocain de l'Economie Salaheddine
Mezouar, et "il ya la volonté politique d'avancer dans cette direction". Pour la période 2006-2010, seulement 21 projets ont été élaborés dans le neuf pays méditerranéens pour un total de 4 milliards €.
Avec environ € 300 milliards en investissements nécessaires pour moderniser les infrastructures publiques
dans la région méditerranéenne dans les domaines de l'eau, l'énergie, l'assainissement, les écoles, les
universités, les hôpitaux et les transports publics, il est urgent pour ces pays de développer le secteur
privé et d’attirer les investissements directs étrangers (IDE).
"Ni le public ni le secteur privé n’ont assez d'argent. Un réel partenariat entre les deux doit être consolidée", a déclaré vice-président la BEI Philippe de Fontaine Vive. "Ce que nous proposons aujourd'hui vise
à étendre les compétences que nous avons développées en Europe."
Régulation financière : Bruxelles sermonne Washington
Les Etats-Unis sont prévenus : ils doivent maintenir intact leur niveau d'ambition en matière de régulation
financière, ou l'Europe n'hésitera pas à prendre des mesures de rétorsion. C'est en tout cas ce qu'indique le commissaire européen chargé des services financiers, Michel Barnier, dans une lettre adressée
au secrétaire au Trésor américain, Timothy Geithner, et dont le contenu a été révélé mercredi 1er juin
par le Financial Times.
Dans cette lettre, préambule à une visite à Washington, le commissaire français dresse une liste des
dossiers sur lesquels il souhaite que les règles du jeu restent équitables des deux côtés de l'Atlantique :
parmi ceux-ci, la capitalisation des banques, les bonus, les produits dérivés, les normes comptables ou
encore les agences de notation. "Notre accord sur les principes généraux était une première étape, il
est maintenant temps de livrer [les réformes] et d'être cohérent", insiste Michel Barnier dans la lettre.
OBLIGATIONS DE RÉCIPROCITÉ
Outre Timothy Geithner, Michel Barnier doit rencontrer à Washington Mary Shapiro, la présidente de la
Securities and exchange commission (SEC), le gendarme américain des marchés, Garry Gensler, le président de la CFTC (Commodities futures trading commission), qui supervise les marchés de matières
premières, ou encore Ben Bernanke, le président de la Réserve fédérale américaine.
Alors que les Européens cherchent à resserrer le cadre de régulation des dérivés sur le continent, le
commissaire au marché intérieur cherchera en particulier à s'assurer que des règles américaines trop
souples ne remettront pas en cause les objectifs du texte européen sur un marché dont la dimension
est désormais mondiale. "Un échec à trouver une cohérence suffisante dans ce domaine pourrait obliger l'Union européenne à incorporer des obligations de réciprocité dans son cadre de régulation, afin
de reproduire l'approche retenue dans d'autres juridictions", prévient Michel Barnier dans la lettre.
Il appelle également Washington à respecter les dates de mise en œuvre des règles de Bâle III sur les
fonds propres des banques – des règles agréées en 2010 au niveau international –, à durcir l'encadrement des bonus bancaires, à approfondir la régulation du secteur de l'assurance ou encore à adopter
les normes comptables définies par l'International financial reporting standards (IFRS), déjà utilisées en
Europe.
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L’euro atteint son niveau le plus haut depuis janvier 2010
L'euro a atteint mercredi son plus haut niveau depuis le 14 janvier 2010, à 1,4548 dollar, dopé par le
succès d'une émission obligataire en Espagne, tandis que la devise américaine, valeur refuge, pâtissait
de l'optimisme des marchés financiers.
Mercredi 20 avril, vers 20 heures, l'euro valait 1,4497 dollar, contre 1,4334 dollar mardi vers 23 heures. Il
avait grimpé jusqu'à 1,4548 vers 12 h 40 avant de se replier légèrement.
L'OPTIMISME DES INVESTISSEURS
"Les mouvements sur le marché des changes reflètent un regain d'intérêt à l'échelle mondiale pour la
prise de risque et les rendements", a estimé Vassili Serebriakov, de la banque Wells Fargo.
Les marchés boursiers étaient orientés à la hausse mercredi, notamment à New York après la publication de résultats de sociétés meilleurs que prévu aux Etats-Unis. Plus optimistes, les investisseurs ont tendance à se détourner de la monnaie américaine, sûre mais peu rémunératrice, au profit d'actifs offrant
un plus fort rendement, comme l'euro.
La devise européenne est d'autant plus recherchée que la Banque centrale européenne a relevé début avril ses taux d'intérêt pour lutter contre l'inflation. A l'inverse, aux Etats-Unis, la banque centrale
(Fed) maintient une politique monétaire très généreuse, avec un taux directeur proche de zéro et des
injections de liquidités pour soutenir la reprise économique.
Afrique : le secteur privé a plus que jamais les faveurs de
Proparco
Le secteur privé en Afrique a bénéficié en 2010 de 459,8 millions d’euros investis par Proparco, la filiale
de l’Agence française de développement (AFD). La région de l’Afrique sub-saharienne concentre à
elle seule 423 millions, ce qui en fait la principale zone d’intervention de l’institution financière de développement qui a publié ce mardi son rapport d’activités.
2010 sacrée « année africaine » par Proparco. La filiale de l’Agence française de développement
(AFD) dédiée au secteur privé confirme son intérêt pour le continent. Tout comme sa maison-mère.
Entre l’Afrique du Nord et l’Afrique sub-saharienne, ce sont 459,8 millions d’euros qui ont été investis
dans le secteur privé. Ce chiffre record est surtout le fait d’une zone. L’Afrique sub-saharienne a représenté 45 % des 944 millions d’euros de prêts et de prises de participations signés par Proparco, contre
893 millions en 2009. La région a reçu 423 millions d’euros, soit une augmentation de 60 % par rapport à
2009, qui incluent 48 millions provenant du Fonds d’investissement et de soutien aux entreprises en
Afrique (Fisea), géré par Proparco pour le compte de l’AFD. Ce record d’interventions fait de Proparco,
qui a présenté ce mardi son rapport 2010, « la première institution financière de développement bilatérale en Afrique ».
South Africa's Economy Accelerates
By JACKIE BISCHOF
PRETORIA—Economic growth in South Africa picked up more than expected in the first quarter, rising to
4.8%, compared with a revised quarterly figure of 4.5% in the fourth quarter of 2010, official data showed Tuesday.
The rate of growth in seasonally adjusted gross domestic product was above economists' expectations
of 4.2%.
The largest driver of the economic expansion in the first quarter was a strong improvement in manufacturing, which contributed 2.2 percentage points to the overall quarterly growth figure, Statistics South
Africa said.
This was followed by growth in finance, real estate and business services, which contributed one percentage point to overall growth, and the wholesale, retail, motor trade and accommodation industry,
which contributed 0.5 of a percentage point, the agency said.
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By contrast, agriculture, forestry and fishing output fell 2.6%, largely as a result of the impact of floods
earlier this year on field crops.
Manufacturing growth was led by a strong expansion in the production of gasoline, chemical products,
rubber and plastic products, basic iron and steel, nonferrous metal products, metal products, machinery and furniture, the agency said.
Unadjusted real GDP rose 3.6% compared with the first quarter of 2010
Nigeria's Historic Opportunity
By JEFFREY D. SACHS
ABUJA, NIGERIA — Visiting Nigeria the week of President Goodluck Jonathan’s inauguration is a special
privilege. This country of nearly 160 million people, about one in five of sub-Saharan Africa, is on to something historic. The people feel it. After a sometimes agonizing half-century since independence, Nigeria is on the verge of a takeoff.
In my conversations with President Jonathan — who took the oath of office on Sunday — and with government ministers, leading businesspeople and representatives of civil society groups, I felt a firm determination to ensure that this time, in this decade, Nigeria fulfills its potential to become an African
economic powerhouse and a member of the world’s leading emerging economies. In practical terms,
Nigeria would like to make the BRICS — Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa — the BRINCS by the
end of the decade.
To those who only know Nigeria as a country that squanders its oil wealth, this ambition might seem outlandish. But for those of us who have had the chance to work with its leadership, this goal seems fully
with reach.
There are five solid reasons for optimism. The first is the reform that Nigeria has been undertaking over
the past dozen years. The country has changed since June 8, 1998, when the brutal dictator Sani Abacha died, opening the way for a restoration of civilian rule and the strengthening of critical institutions,
including the National Assembly and state and district governments.
The second is the advent of democratic elections. President Jonathan came to power last year when
his predecessor, Umaru Yar’Adua, died in office. This April he won a resounding mandate of his own in
elections that were praised by observers as by far the freest and fairest in Nigeria’s history. The president’s democratic mandate is not in doubt, even if tensions linger in Nigeria’s traditional north-south
ethnic divide.
The third is the global wind in Nigeria’s sails. The rise of China and India is reshaping the world economy,
and providing solid support for Nigeria’s growth. Commodity prices are high, as the Asian giants tap
global markets. Nigeria can expect to sell not only its vast hydrocarbon deposits at good prices, but also a wide range of agricultural products and manufactured goods. The links with Asia won’t be only
through exports. China is determined to be a major partner, financing core infrastructure — highways,
rail and power grids — and developing major industrial capacity.
The fourth is the “age of convergence,” the tendency of developing countries like Nigeria to make unprecedented economic advances through the deployment of best practices and advanced technologies. China, of course, has been doubling its G.D.P. every seven years with blistering economic growth
rates of 10 percent per year. Nigeria is enjoying robust annual growth of around 7 percent, and could
catch up to China’s rate if policies are well designed and implemented. Information technologies are
rapidly spreading, from the heart of sprawling Lagos to the most remote villages. For the first time, Nigeria will have a network of up-to-date information, providing a platform for sharply higher productivity
and economic specialization.
The fifth is Nigeria’s commitment to tackling extreme poverty and disease throughout the nation. The
president’s senior adviser on the Millennium Development Goals, working with the National Assembly,
has been leading a bold mechanism to transfer federal funds to state and local governments in a robust and accountable manner. All over the country, schools, clinics and water points are being built. It’s
a great honor for us at the Earth Institute to be working with the government on this initiative.
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Nigeria’s international partners can also take a bow. Back in 2005, they entrusted Nigeria with partial
debt relief, and the country is turning money that otherwise would have gone toward debt payments
into local investments in health, education and infrastructure.
Meanwhile, a series of finance ministers has been working to end Nigeria’s image as a place of financial scams and official corruption. Prosecutors have warned international oil companies to clean up
their act — even indicting Halliburton for corruption and obtaining a settlement from the company.
Of course, Nigeria still faces very real risks. The country’s population is enormously diverse, with sharp regional and religious divisions. Violence continues to flare. Global climate change poses risks to health,
agricultural development and water supplies. A recent U.N. report notes that Nigeria’s rapidly growing
population could exceed 700 million by the end of this century, unless family planning services are put
in place. The public wants these services; the government’s challenge is to respond effectively.
I’ve watched nations on the eve of economic takeoff, in Latin America, Eastern Europe and Asia. Optimism is in the air in Abuja, and for good reason.
Jeffrey D. Sachs is director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University
Ghana touted as fast emerging economy in Africa
The Vice President, John Dramani Mahama, says Ghana is next in line as the new emerging economy in
Africa. He said the success already reflects in the many investors who wish to do business in Ghana.
Vice President Mahama was addressing the Ghanaian community in the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa, during a dinner held in his honour by Ghana’s Ambassador to that country, Kwesi Quartey.
He said the country’s GDP rate will soon hit 14 percent, which experts say could be the highest in the
world.
This feat, he said is worth celebrating but calls for hard work and collaboration with other economies.
Mr Mahama said the country needs massive infrastructural development and already countries are
queuing to lend money to the country for these developments.
He said steps are being taken to provide more jobs for the growing unemployed youth, which is a major
source of worry to the government.
On the Millennium Development Goals, the Vice President said Ghana has made significant strides in
many areas.
The hurdle now, according Mr Mahama, is in reducing maternal mortality to the barest minimum and
the issue of Sanitation.
He said government’s main focus now is on Agriculture and Agribusiness to make use of the country’s
vast arable lands.
GBC NEWS
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Why Nigeria is yet to take advantage of AGOA
Siaka Momoh, Industry Editor
The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) was passed as part of the
Trade and Development Act of 2000 by the United States to facilitate two-way
trade between the US and sub-Sahara Africa (SSA), and was expectedly accepted with enthusiasm by industry stakeholders.
But how has the programme fared here, and in Africa generally, 10 years after?
This was an issue that cropped up Tuesday, at a media interactive session with Joseph D. Stafford, US
consul general, in Lagos.
AGOA, it must be stressed, provides participating countries in SSA with the most liberal access to the US
market, available to any country or region. It covers 6,500 product items, after the extension of GSP preferences to a further 1,800 product lines, including numerous food products, handbags, gloves, footwear, iron and steel items, automotive components and vehicles. Countries meeting the ‘apparel provisions’ further qualify for duty-free access.
As an American trade and tariff initiative, AGOA is unique in three ways:
•The 37 African states, whose businesses are currently able to make use of AGOA, are not required to
open their markets to US trade;
•AGOA’s access to the US market is relatively unfettered - over 8 percent of AGOA nations’ products
enter the US without paying any duties or tariffs, and
•Textile businesses in AGOA countries can make use of third country fabrics to produce finished goods,
which can still be exported to the US market duty-free under AGOA.
However, good as this programme is, Nigeria is yet to take full advantage of it, because it has against
all entreaties, chosen to remain a mono-cultural economy. An analysis of the trade data by the product sector reveals the distribution of exports into the US under AGOA. It shows that there are three sectors: energy-related products, textiles and apparel, and transportation equipment that account for the
vast bulk (over 90 percent) of exports currently qualifying for AGOA benefits.
Agricultural products and minerals and metals have also been successfully exported by other African
countries to the US under AGOA; but AGOA-eligible exports in the remaining product categories are still
insignificant.
Nigeria shines only in the ‘energy-related products sector. Nigeria has failed woefully in the ‘textiles and
apparel,’ ‘agricultural products’ and ‘mineral and metals’ sectors, where we have the potential to do
so.
At the recent media interactive session with the US Consul-General in Lagos, it was revealed that in 2010
the US exports to sub-Saharan Africa exceeded $17 billion, while US imports from the region were greater than $65 billion.
This looks good on the surface, but when you are confronted with the details, you find out that export of
crude oil and petroleum products accounts largely for the AGOA trade progress in question. And Nigeria accounts for over 50 percent of crude oil and petroleum product export from Africa to the US accounting for 33.2 million barrels of the 66.0 million barrels sold by Africa to the US (December 2010).
Stafford corroborated this by saying, “My overall perception of AGOA in Nigeria is that it is doing an excellent job with Nigeria benefiting from AGOA, principally in respect of export of oil. But we want to see
the imprint in the export sector beyond oil,” he noted.
For him, there are many opportunities for development in the export area in Nigeria, and America looks
forward to Nigeria participating more robustly in AGOA.
“Nigerians are dynamic people. They are entrepreneurial. Nigerian SMEs may not have the capacity to
market products in the US, but they can get empowered with information on how to meet export requirement from AGOA Resource Centre. And we provide opportunities for training,” he said.
In addition, going by BusinessDay investigation from 2009 to 2010, the US imports from SSA increased by
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ports (accounting for 81.4 percent of total US imports from SSA with both price and quantity increasing.)
This growth closely parallels the large increase in total crude oil imports from virtually all oil producing
trading partners (including non-AGOA eligible countries).
US imports from Nigeria increased by 60 percent (recall Nigeria accounts for over 50 percent of US oil
import from Africa), from Angola by 28 percent, from the Democratic Republic of Congo by 60 percent, and Gabon by 80 percent.
US imports from South Africa also grew by 40 percent, driven mainly by increases in diamonds imports.
US imports from Ghana rose by 103 percent due to an increase in cocoa imports (gained from Ivory
Coast’s political instability and negatively affected cocoa industry).
In 2010, AGOA imports were $44 billion, 31 percent more than in 2009, mainly due to a 33 percent increase in AGOA petroleum product imports. Petroleum products continued to account for the largest
portion of AGOA imports, with a 91 percent share of overall AGOA imports.
With these fuel products excluded, AGOA imports were $4 billion, increasing by 18 percent. US imports
of AGOA chemical and related products increased by 39 percent, AGOA minerals and metals by 94
percent, AGOA agricultural products by 44 percent, and AGOA transportation products by 15 percent.
AGOA textiles and apparel imports decreased by 20 percent and AGOA machinery related products
by 44 percent.
The top-five AGOA beneficiary countries include: Nigeria, Angola, South Africa, Republic of Congo,
and Chad. Other leading AGOA beneficiaries are Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho,
Kenya, Cameroon, and Mauritius.
BusinessDay’s investigation also revealed that US total trade (exports plus imports with SSA) increased by
32 percent from 2009 to 2010, as both exports and imports increased. The expansion in trade is consistent with the overall growth in US trade, with the world (a 22 percent increase in 2010). US exports to SSA
increased by 13 percent to $17 billion (mostly due to increases of vehicles exports).
Of the top-five African destinations for US products, exports to Nigeria rose by 10 percent, to South Africa by 26 percent, to Ghana by 37 percent, and to Gabon by 42 percent.
Exports to Liberia increased by 101 percent; to Angola decreased by 9 percent, and to Kenya by 45
percent. Exports of electrical machinery (including telecommunications equipment) to SSA continue to
decrease (-8 percent).
Reasons for failure
Industry stakeholders and experts have advanced reasons for Nigeria’s failure to take advantage of
AGOA.
Olajumoke Familoni, CEO, International Centre for Leadership Development, argues that tariff and nontariff barriers in developed countries pose a significant obstacle to developing country exports.
“While developed countries generally maintain relatively low average trade barriers, their highest trade
barriers tend to apply to goods that developing countries export,” she noted.
The World Bank and Oxfam estimate that trade barriers erected by developed countries cost developing countries $100 billion a year. Non-tariff barriers also pose significant problems. For instance, agricultural subsidies encourage production and put downward pressure on agricultural prices.
Michael Moore, former director general, World Trade Organisation, estimates that removing all tariff
and non-tariff barriers “could result in gains for developing countries in the order of $182 billion in the
services sector, $162 billion in manufactures, and $32 billion in agriculture.
“The US has partially addressed these trade distortions through AGOA and should commit to eliminating
all remaining tariffs on goods from eligible nations, and unilaterally phasing out agricultural subsidies,”
Familoni stated.
For Muda Yusuf, director general, Lagos Chamber of Commerce and Industry: “Export business is about
global competitiveness, from both quality and price perspectives. The poor showing of Nigeria in AGOA
is a reflection of the fundamental weaknesses in the economy as reflected in the high cost of doing business.
For as long as operating cost remains high, no significant progress can be made in the non-oil export
sector. The tragedy of the Nigerian economy is that domestic firms cannot even access the domestic
market.
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The market has been taken over by products from other parts of the world, especially Asia. Our major
attraction to the world is that we offer robust market opportunities. Not much value can be created in
an economy that has weak infrastructures. Yet value creation has a lot to do with competitiveness. The
way forward is to address the fundamental barriers to competitiveness of Nigerian firms,” he said.
For Femi Boyede, country facilitator on trade and enterprises, ECOWAS Ten, this situation could be said
to be unfortunate only to the extent that we have made deliberate efforts, based on specific strategy
to break into the AGOA market and have failed.
“The fact is we have not,” he says. He argues that the Obasanjo administration made some administrative blunder in the past regarding the administration of the Nigerian Export Promotion Council (NEPC).
“For AGOA, Nigeria’s ‘fate’ can still be salvaged. It is a matter of strategy. It is a matter of developing
new exporters specifically for that market. I hope the appropriate authorities will see this need,” he says.
Moreover, AGOA-eligible nations are required to eliminate all duties on imports from other eligible subSaharan African nations by 2010.
Olajumoke argues that “Trade between African countries faces many hurdles, including poor infrastructure, corruption, and informal barriers such as onerous regulations. However, many African countries
continue to maintain tariff barriers on goods from their neighbors that increase prices for consumers. As
a result, interregional trade makes up only about 10 percent of the area’s total exports, significantly less
than levels in every other region of the world except the Middle East.
According to Marian Tupy of the Cato Institute, “Strikingly, trade liberalisation within SSA could increase
intra-SSA trade by 54 percentn, and account for over 36 percent of all the welfare gains that SSA stands
to receive as a result of global trade liberalisation.
“Nigeria, one of the largest AGOA economies, heavily protects its market from imports, setting average
duty levels for agricultural and non-agricultural products at average applied tariffs of 50.2 percent and
25.3 percent respectively, and 29 percent overall.”
There is need for a rethink. The Lusaka 10th Annual Forum, coming up in June should be used as a platform to discuss problems highlighted and proffer solution.
In order to flourish, EA must integrate its small markets
By CATHERINE RIUNGU
What’s East Africa’s significance to TMEA?
The EAC has a substantial population of more than 130 million people. However, its average per capita
income is only $436, compared with a world average of $8,613. Its combined GDP of $75 billion is equivalent only to that of Croatia. Despite recent economic growth, the region is still blighted by deep and
widespread poverty.
If East Africa is to flourish, it must integrate its small markets. Deepening regional integration and expanding trade are key drivers of sustained economic growth, new business and new jobs, given that
around 40 per cent of East Africa’s population is under 30 years of age. Good progress is being made in
increasing trade volumes across the region. Besides, the EAC has been one of the best performing regional economic blocs in Africa — there’s great potential in the region.
What gaps does TMEA seek to fill as the region enters the second decade of integration?
The main trade corridors are burdened with rapidly increasing traffic, inadequate infrastructure and inconsistent management policies which affect the price of goods, and makes the region uncompetitive.
TMEA’s Country Programmes play a key support role in overcoming these barriers. The main challenges
at country level are to translate The EAC Customs Management Act and Common Market Protocol into
practice.
What has the institution achieved so far?
Since inception in August 2010, TMEA has: Supported the creation of a new Revenue Authority in Burundi that has seen domestic taxes double and overall revenues rise by more than 30 per cent against last
year’s; introduced 14 new single window and first point of entry schemes that reduce paperwork, and
the time taken to process goods on the Northern and Central transport corridors, saving businesses at
least $80 million over the next 12 months; supported government departments to develop a system to
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track the implementation of the EAC Customs Union and Common Market; worked with business organisations and civil society to understand and respond to business needs, streamline government procedures and improve the investment climate; supported programmes to strengthen institutional finance
and administrative systems in the Ministries of East African Cooperation and the EAC Secretariat, resulting in strengthened human resource management, monitoring, evaluation and communication.
What is TMEA’s strategic plan and how will the projects it has initiated be sustained after its departure?
TMEA hopes to support East Africa integration for as long as partners require us over the next 10 years.
The sustainability of TMEA’s impact is in our partners around the region and their success will ultimately
be our success. We are excited about engaging with the new EAC secretary general in supporting further development of East Africa.
Is EAC by any means becoming a centre of integration excellence in the world?
The East Africa Community is fully committed and passionate about achieving an integrated regional
bloc where all East Africans can prosper. The EAC is the only regional economic grouping with a serious
goal of bringing about full political union and has made very considerable progress on economic and
trade integration.
TMEA shares this passion and is ready to support the EAC in achieving its goals regionally and nationally.
In your assessment, is EAC on the right track?
Yes I believe the EAC has made tremendous accomplishments in the past 12 years since the EAC
agreement. EAC member states are enjoying robust GDP growth, averaging over five per cent per annum. Investors are excited about the prospects of a large and harmonised market. However, growth
prospects for the landlocked states —Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi — depend heavily on successful
reforms in Kenya and Tanzania, and the ports of Mombasa and Dar. Fundamentally, productivity on the
corridors, led by the removal of non-tariff barriers to trade, must improve more rapidly than the volume
of trade if the region is to avoid economic stagnation, and complete gridlock on the transport corridors
What are the inherent weaknesses that need attention and by who, for the region to achieve real integration
The countries are diverse, with significant differences in their level of economic development, their attractiveness to investors, their geographical size and population and their transport and institutional infrastructure.
These challenges require additional investment in infrastructure, including development of more private
sector funding. TMEA plans to support numerous infrastructure projects around East Africa including
ports, one stop borders and leveraging in more resources for investment in the region.
Also, national governments need to realise the fruits of regional integration by implementing regional
policies and regulations in their countries. By doing so, countries in East Africa could improve their
growth rates by up to 2 per cent per annum. If East Africa reduces its transport costs by 10 per cent
which is currently about 70 per cent more than the US and Europe, trade could grow by more than 20
per cent according to international research. This means more desperately needed jobs for the region’s
young people and improved incomes for millions of East Africans.
The governments and private sector need to work closely to address these challenges. But I’m confident of the future, and look forward to contributing to the region’s success.
Now African Health Fund surpasses $100m target
By COSMAS BUTUNYI, The EastAfrican
The private health sector in Africa is set to have a $104 million private equity capital at its disposal,
thanks to a specialist fund set up by Aureos Capital.
According to media reports, the African Health Fund, a first generation fund managed by the private
equity firm which invests in the emerging markets, is set to surpass its $100 million target.
Reports say that investor appetite has seen the fund — which targets small- and- medium-sized companies in sub-Saharan Africa, with the goal of helping low-income Africans access affordable, highquality health services — attract a little more capital.
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It intends to invest in a wide range of firms, from clinics, hospitals, diagnostic centres, and laboratories;
and health management organisations and insurance companies; to eye clinics, pharmaceutical
chains and logistics companies; to pharmaceutical and medical-related manufacturing companies,
medical education and providers of medical education.
The Africa Health Fund counts the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the African Development
Bank, as well as the International Finance Corporation, amongst its original investors.
“We have two institutional investors who we expect to finish closing the legal agreements by the end of
this month, to take us to $104 million. That will be the final size,” the chief executive of Aureos Capital,
Sev Vettivetpillai, told Bloomberg in a recent interview.
Between them, the two new unnamed investors are injecting $29 million into the fund.
The new development comes after two studies released last year proposed venture capital as a possible source of financing to provide health financing in Africa.
The studies that were published in Biomed Central indicated that it was viable to support development
of drugs, vaccines, diagnostics, and medical devices, though it remained under-utilised in the developing world, as opposed to the developed countries.
Already, since it opened in 2009, the Africa Health Fund has made investments in two facilities in East
and West Africa. Two others have been approved, while another two are still under consideration.
The fund is one of the 16 that are managed by Aureous Capital, five of which are invested in Africa.
Its African funds include a West African Fund, an East African Fund and a Southern African Fund, all first
generation. In addition, there is the Africa Fund that is in its second generation.
Since its inception, the firm has completed over 250 transactions across the emerging markets, according to official statistics.
REQUEST
FOR
EXPRESSION
OF
INTEREST
FOR
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ACBF ICT STRATEGIC PLAN 20122016
Country: Zimbabwe
Name of Project: ACBF Regional Capacity Building Project, Africa
Consulting Services
Project ID No.: P122478
Expression of Interest
1.0 Introduction
The African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) was established on 9 February 1991.The establishment
was the outcome of a partnership between African governments and the international donor community. The major donors to the Foundation include African countries, non-African countries, the African
Development Bank (AfDB), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the World Bank, and
the International Monetary Fund. The first three of these institutions constitute the Foundation’s sponsoring agencies. Establishment of ACBF was in response to the severity of Africa’s capacity needs, and the
challenge of investing in indigenous human capital and institutions in sub-Saharan Africa. ACBF was also designed to serve as a coordinating mechanism for donor support to capacity building on the Continent, through the pooling of resources as well as common governance and reporting. Before January
2000, ACBF interventions focused on building and strengthening capacity for macroeconomic policy
analysis and development management – the Foundation’s initial niche. In 2000, this focus was expanded as a result of the integration of the Partnership for Capacity Building in Africa (PACT) Initiative into
the Foundation’s fold. PACT aims to mobilize greater support for capacity building in Africa. As a result,
Foundation’s role was broadened to cover the following areas:
•
Support to projects and programs designed to strengthen the core public sector and its interface with the private sector and civil society in order to enhance their contributions to good governance, poverty reduction and sustainable development.
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•
Support to regional initiatives in the areas of training, policy analysis, applied policy research,
trade policy development and negotiations as well as policy advocacy.
•
Support for the emergence of institutional frameworks for country ownership and coordination of
capacity-building activities as well as for participatory development.
•
Knowledge generation and sharing aimed at transforming the Foundation into a knowledgebased institution and at supporting the emergence of knowledge-based economies in Africa.
The African Capacity Building Foundation (ACBF) has developed a new business strategy for the next
five years outlining its goals, objectives and activities for year 2012 through 2016. The new strategy is aimed at addressing the key problems facing the continent and getting countries ready for the future.
The new strategy demands, among others, the utilisation and enhancement of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to achieve its envisaged organizational goals and objectives. Accordingly, acknowledging the significant importance of ICT to enable and further advance its organizational
efficiency and effectiveness as well as its continental leadership role in capacity development, ACBF intends to develop a complementary ICT Strategic Plan for 2012 through 2016.
The African Capacity Building Foundation has received some funding from Cooperating Partners toward the cost of the ACBF Regional Capacity Building Project and intends to apply part of the proceeds of this funding towards Consultancy Services for Development of an ACBF ICT Strategic Plan
2012-2016.ACBFnow invites eligible Consultancy Firms to indicate their interest in providing the services.
Interested consultants must provide detailed information indicating that they are qualified to perform
the services (at least five years of experience in IT strategic planning, development and consulting services,description of similar assignments, experience in similar conditions, evidence of familiarity with international organisations, Managerial and Technical Capability etc).
2.0 Objectives of the Assignment
The objective of the consultancy is to develop an ICT strategy that will:
1. Further enable ICT values and contribution to the core objectives and works of the Foundation
and ultimately support the achievement of ACBF’s business strategy 2012-2016;
2. Put in place actionable, measurable, well-thought out and communicated ICT strategic framework to guide ACBF’s ICT interventions, investments choices and resources allocation. The ICT
Strategic planning should be based on internal and external environmental forces and serve as
a key management tool to integrate its organizational goals, people, processes, resources and
technologies at its best; It should identify and establish an optimal IT organization, processes
and resources for the ICT unit;
3. Transform the value of ICT in the Foundation from a cost-reduction technological gadget to business enabling transformation tool. The new ICT Strategy shall set long, medium and short term
strategic alternatives to evolve the maturity and role of ICT in the Foundation into an integral business partner and value-creating organizational unit;
4. Drive the establishment of an efficient and effective ICT-enabled business solution to achieve
and sustain comparative business advantages in the capacity development forums in the continent and beyond; The ICT Strategy at its core shall design strategic choices and frameworks to
sustain and increase ACBF’s leadership continental role in capacity development.
3.0 Scope of Work
The specific tasks to be undertaken by the consultant are to:
•
Develop an ICT Strategic planning frameworks to study, analyze, prioritize and document alternative strategic alignment models and approaches to guide the formulation of a five year ICT
Strategic Plan;
•
Conduct a Thorough environmental scanning to identify and measure major environmental
forces that have potential impact to the formulation of an efficient and effective ICT Strategic
Plan;
•
Assess and document the current ICT capabilities, capacity and alignment maturity;
•
Facilitate, gather, analyze, validate and document key information, knowledge, systems and
technological requirements at the department and organizational levels;
•
Develop a comprehensive, actionable, and measurable ICT Strategic Plan 2012-2016; supporting IT governance standards & policies; IT organization, processes and resource requirements;
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implementation roadmap, budget and other resource management and organizational requirements;
•
Develop tools and approaches to effectively disseminate, communicate, coordinate, monitor
and evaluate the strategic plan and its implantation.
4.0 Qualifications of Consultants
The assignment will be undertaken by an independent consultancy firm withat least five years of experience in IT strategy planning and development.To be shortlisted, thefirm must have successfully carried
out at least three projects similar in scale and complexity to this assignment in the past three years, of
which at least one should be for a non-governmental international organization.
ACBF will evaluate the expressions of interest and the selected consultant shall be invited to prepare
and submit detailed Technical and Financial Proposals and subsequently negotiate the contract. A
consultant will be selected in on the basis of Consultants Qualifications Selection method (CQS) as set
out in the World Bank’s Guidelines: Selection and Employment of Consultants by World Bank Borrowers(revised May 2010).Expression of Interest clearly marked “Expression of Interest to develop an ACBF
ICT Strategy” can be submitted as hard copies at the address
below on or before 17:00 hours local time on 13th June, 2011.
The Executive Secretary
The African Capacity Building Foundation
7th & 15th Floors, Intermarket Life Towers
Cnr. Jason Moyo Ave/Sam Nujoma Street
Harare, Zimbabwe
Tel: (263-4) 700208/10, 790398/9, 702931/2
Fax: (263-4) 702915, 792894
Email: [email protected]
ECOWAS, development partners meet to review regional integration
Abuja, Nigeria (PANA) - ECOWAS and its Development Partners open their 8th Annual Coordination
Meeting at the ECOWAS Commission’s headquarters Abuja, Nigeria, Thursday with a focus on major
developments in the regional integration process, including achievements and challenges.
Commission President James Victor Gheho, the Resident Representative of the United Nations and the
leader of the European Union Delegation are among key speakers at the two-day meeting.
Representatives of development partners will be briefed on key activities and achievements of
ECOWAS Departments over the past four years and also strategise with senior officials of the Commission’s Directorates during thematic group sessions.
The discussion topics will include Status of the Regional Integration Process in West Africa and MediumTerm Prospects; Evolution of the Strategic Planning Process of the Commission: Achievements and Challenges; Status of the Community Decision making Tool and the
Role of the Development Partners in the ECOWAS integration Process: Issues related to the Coordination
and aid effectiveness.
Others are the Security situation in West Africa: Electoral, Security and humanitarian challenges; Deepening of the Regional Integration implementation of the Sectoral policies, as well as Networking and
bilateral discussions
Founded 36 years ago through the Treaty of Lagos, to foster regional integration, ECOWAS has continued to earn and enjoy the respect and cooperation of numerous international partners, who meet annually with senior officials of the Community to review the progress of the regional integration project.
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In a related development, the ECOWAS Commission will, on the margin of the annual Coordination
meeting, sign two separate financial agreements with the French Development Agency (AFD) in support of the ECOWAS Water Resources Coordination Centre (ECOWAS/WRCC) and to boost food security in the region.
The agreement to boost food security is worth 10,400,000 Euros, while the accord to support
ECOWAS/WRCC is for 400,000 Euros.
The President will sign the two agreements on behalf of the ECOWAS Commission, along with Ambassador Jean-Michel Dumond, the French Ambassador to Nigeria accredited to ECOWAS, and Mr. Michel-Stanislas Villar, the AFD Deputy Country Director.
SA to become major train market
South Africa was expected to become a significant market globally, over the next 15-years, for locomotives, Public Enterprises Minister Malusi Gigaba said.
Photograph by: http://www.ge.com
"Given the scale of our national demand over the next fifteen years, we will be a significant market
globally for locomotives and we will use this as an opportunity to ensure that South Africa becomes a
global manufacturing hub for electrical and diesel locomotives, in partnership with leading Original
Equipment Manufacturers and their home countries," he told the National Assembly in his budget vote
speech.
He said a fleet procurement programme was being designed to renew Transnet's locomotives fleet, to
provide capacity to support growth and to localise the relevant supply chain.
The department was also making considerable progress in building a firm foundation for its locomotive
manufacturing cluster through comprehensive developmental programmes involving specialised skillsdevelopment processes, production process re-design and a range of technology transfers.
Direct investments were also being explored, said Gigaba.
Gigaba was confident that the department would significantly enhance export capacity on key logistics corridors over the next few years.
Meanwhile, the New Multi-Product Pipeline connecting Durban with Johannesburg would be commissioned in the third quarter of this financial year and should be fully operational by the end of December
2013.
The pipeline would secure the supply of liquid fuels to the hinterland.
"Arising out of concern for the time delays and cost escalations associated with this project, the department earlier this year commissioned a team of experts to analyse this and we are presently reviewing their report."
Gigaba said the department was also focusing on improving the efficiency and reliability of both rail
and port services.
Transnet's rolling five-year capital investment programme stands at R110.6 billion.
The plan focuses on rejuvenating and modernising its rail, port and pipelines logistics infrastructure.
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Can Africa become the next China?
In 2000, when William Hickey, president and CEO of US-based packaging firm Sealed
Air, took a long-term view on the future of his company, he predicted that by 2050
Africa would have replaced China as the world’s manufacturing hub.
In 2009, French renewable energy company Solairedirect
invested in a solar panel manufacturing plant in Cape
Town, South Africa.
“Eleven years later I think we are behind . . . 2050 becomes
a challenge [but] I still think it is doable,” Hickey said during
a session on manufacturing at the recent World Economic
Forum on Africa, held in Cape Town.
Headquartered in New Jersey, Sealed Air manufactures a
wide range of packaging materials and equipment for
food, industrial, medical and consumer industries. The New
York Stock Exchange listed company has a presence
across the world, including Africa.
“I know of one company, and only one at this point, that has moved their manufacturing operations
from China to Africa. I thought that would be the tipping point, but that was six years ago and I know of
no other customer of ours that has moved its manufacturing from China to Africa,” Hickey noted.
With factory wages rising in China and other parts of Asia, some multinational companies are considering to move their production plants elsewhere in world.
Manufacturing accounts for a very small proportion of GDP in most Sub-Saharan African countries,” said
Ann Bernstein, executive director of South Africa’s Centre for Development and Enterprise. Manufactured goods currently constitutes only 14% of Africa’s exports. Even in South Africa, the continent’s industrial powerhouse, manufacturing has declined significantly since its peak in 1981 and its contribution
to the total economy is now just 15%.
Challenges facing Africa’s manufacturing sector include a shortage of skills; rigid labour laws in some
countries; inadequate electricity supply; cumbersome and expensive transport within the continent; low
levels of productivity; political instability; and corruption.
Rob Davies, South Africa’s Minister of Trade and Industry, told the session that there are currently two
main drivers of Africa’s growth. “The one is the minerals boom, and the second one is growing domestic
markets. I think that both . . . need to be consolidated with a big boost to manufacturing,” he said.
Although Africa has a population of over a billion people, many of the individual country markets are
too small for some manufacturers to be competitive. Business Daily reports that discussions are currently underway to unite three of the continent’s existing regional economic communities: The Southern
African Development Community (SADC), the East African Community (EAC) and the Common Market
for Eastern and Southern Africa (Comesa). This proposed free trade area would comprise 26 countries
with a total population of 521 consumers. “One thing is that we have to export, the other thing is we
need to grow our domestic economies. If [we] look at ourselves as individual countries, we are too small
on our own, but as a bloc we start to crack the numbers,” said Davies.
Value-adding
Africa has abundant resources, from minerals to agricultural produce. Most of these are, however, exported for processing abroad. Davies said that Africa needs to add value to its raw materials through
processing activities. According to him, most of the industrial developments on the continent have
been in light industries such as textiles and food processing.
He gave the example of a proposed project in South Africa to process mineral sands into rare metals. Titanium sand sells for US$440 a ton; processed into titanium sponge it fetches $4,000 a ton and as an alloy, used in the aircraft industry, the price goes up to $100,000 a ton. The minister said that in addition to
the large financial benefits of beneficiation, a project like this would also create thousands of jobs.
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Labour productivity
Davies explained that a trained workforce is crucial to boost industrial output. “We need to engage
much more seriously on questions like training, and training which is much more closely related to industrial needs.”
“Certainly what we need . . . is an educated staff, said Hartmut Reinke, director for the Middle East, Turkey and Africa of US-based multinational DuPont.
He used the manufacturing of packaging materials as an example. “When you think of packaging, and
you think of a big international food company, let’s say Nestlé in Nigeria, they will not accept packaging that they buy and source locally, that does not meet international standards. So a country needs
to be able to produce at international standards . . . with the skilled labour that can do that,” he explained.
“What we are looking for are certainly academically educated people who can run the site. You need
accountants. You need customer service representatives. But you need also the people on the line that
know what they do. They need to be able to read, to listen [and] to think about what they are doing to
be productive.”
He said low wages is not necessarily enough to attract manufacturing firms to the continent. “It is not a
question if the wages are low or high. They come as a calculation of productivity. If productivity is high,
the wages are increasing. That is what we are seeing in China, the workers are participating in higher
productivity. They are producing more in less time.” He noted that the wages for unproductive labour is
normally lower.
Conclusion
A lot of work still needs to be done for the continent’s manufacturing sector to realise its full potential,
but it is crucial to ensure that this happens. As Davies put it: Africa is at a critical moment in time where it
needs to boost industrial development if it wants to turn its current growth spurt into sustainable development.
Mr Price could open in Nigeria by December this year
South African clothing and home goods retailer Mr Price is looking to open stores in Nigeria, Angola and
Ghana, the company said in its 2011 annual results presentation.
Mr Price is eyeing opportunities in Nigeria.
Mr Price CEO Stuart Bird told
cember.
Business Report that the group’s first store in Nigeria could open in De-
For its expansion into the rest of the continent, Mr Price’s strategic focus is on corporate owned stores in
areas where critical mass can be achieved.
Mr Price said that growth will be slow in the new African territories “as property is a significant limiting
factor at present”. Business Day newspaper quoted Bird saying that Mr Price is currently looking at
two potential store locations in Nigeria. He noted that finding the perfect property in Nigeria has been
more difficult than anticipated.
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How we made it in Africa earlier reported that Nigeria’s decision to lift a ban on imported textiles is
opening up many opportunities for foreign clothing retailers.
Nigeria originally imposed the ban in 2003 to stimulate domestic production. This, however, only led to
the smuggling of cheap clothing from Asia. Local manufacturers have also struggled because the
country’s poor power supply forces them to run their operations on expensive generators.
The Nigerian government last year announced that it will lift the ban and introduce import tariffs. These
tariffs were originally reported to be between 10% and 20%, but according to some sources the effective rate is much higher.
“The recent lifting of the textile importation ban in Nigeria has sharply expanded the scope of international retailers that are able to trade in Nigeria,” says Michael Chu’di Ejekam, director of Actis West Africa’s real estate division. Actis developed Nigeria’s first modern shopping mall, The Palms in Lagos, and
its second facility, the Ikeja City Mall, is set for completion in 2012. Ejekam expects the lifting of the ban
to increase the demand for retail space in Nigeria.
Nigeria has a number of new modern shopping malls in various stages of development. These include
the Ikeja City Mall in Lagos, the Polo Park Mall in Enugu State and a planned shopping centre in Ilorin,
Kwara State. Current facilities include The Palms in Lagos, the Tinapa Shopping Centre in Cross River
State and the Ceddi Plaza in Abuja, to name a few.
“There is a lot of property development going on in [Nigeria] . . . and most of these new developments
include a retail component,” says Dianna Games, executive director at consultancy Africa@Work. “The
large growth of the middle class is the driving force behind this new way of shopping,” she says.
Punj Lloyd eyes infra projects worth $2 bn in Africa
Press Trust of India / New Delhi May 29, 2011, 12:47 IST
Looking at strengthening its position in rapidly growing Africa, infrastructure firm
Punj Lloyd has bid for projects there and expects business worth $2 billion (Rs
9,000 crore) over two years from the continent.
"We are expecting the whole GDP of Africa to double in next 5-7 years...We
would like to have an order book in Africa in next two years [that is worth] at
least two billion dollars," Chairman Punj Lloyd Atul Punj told PTI.
He said the company has been shortlisted for five projects in the continent and they range from oil and
gas to infrastructure.
"We have bid for five projects and hope to get at least three to four," Punj said, adding that they are
based on EPC [engineering, procurement and construction] basis.
Punj's comments come on the heels of the India-Africa Forum summit in which India and 15 key African
nations vowed to strengthen mutual trade, in an effort to tap the huge potential offered by the combined population of 2.2 billion and a GDP of $3 trillion.
Eyeing rich natural resources of Africa, which expanded 4.7% in 2010 and is expected to grow over 5%
in the coming years, leading Indian businesses are exploring opportunities on the continent.
Along with business leaders like Bharti group Chairman Sunil Mittal and Adi Godrej of the Godrej Group,
Punj was part of high-level CEO delegation at the India Show during the India-Africa summit in Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
He said the company wants to strengthen foothold in the entire Sub-Saharan Africa and contribute to
building its infrastructure.
"Africa has huge resources. So far the obsession of most countries has been to exploit the resources and
export them. The realisation within the country has not been there. We would like to expand the
domestic infrastructure," Punj said.
The company has operations in violence-hit Libya, where it has projects worth $1.8 billion (Rs 8,100
crore), including $800 million (Rs 3,600 crore) social infrastructure development project.
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Why Should Your Company Engage the BoP?
Why do corporations engage with the base of the pyramid
(BoP)? There appear to be several distinctly different answers
to this question. My conversations with corporate leaders hoping to pursue social impact and new market growth in BoP
markets reveal a frequent lack of clarity about not just how to
do it, but more importantly, why they should do it.
In this article, I want to share my emerging framework for corporate BoP decision making, in the hope that it can both help
inform business decision-making, as well as help social entrepreneurs make choices about how to partner with corporations on this work. Understanding the nuances of why MNCs
have engaged the BoP to date can create new opportunities
for corporate leaders and social intrapreneurs seeking to enter
BoP markets as well as for social enterprises and development
practitioners seeking to amplify their social impact.
My experience has been that corporations pursue BoP engagement to accomplish three different kinds
of objectives. A different set of business objectives and operational circumstances supports each of
these choices.
These three motivations for pursuing BoP include the following:
•
Market focused approaches seek to build new demand in specific product categories and
geographic markets.
•
Brand equity focused approaches seek to use BoP engagement to build an overall brand image
for the corporation that is not linked to any one product category or geographic market.
•
Organizational development focused approaches use BoP engagement primarily to build internal staff loyalty, engagement and professional development.
Below I provide a bit more detail on each of these categories, include sub-motivations within each. The
case studies and approaches will be explored in further depth in upcoming posts.
1.
Market Focused BoP Approaches
a.
Demand-based entry. Several sectors are experiencing demand significant enough to produce
real financial opportunity for large multinationals. This sector is growing fast as more companies prove
the viability of doing business at the BoP. These sectors include: construction, low-income housing providers, healthcare suppliers, fast-moving consumer goods companies, and the myriad mobile providers.
b.
Long-term strategic investment. These companies know that BoP investment will pay off in the
long-run and justify their commitments as such. Some leaders in this category include companies that
are private or family-owned and able to plan for the longer-term.
c. Emerging market multi-nationals. Companies that are born in BoP markets often understand better
than their developed market counterparts how to apply their model in new BoP contexts. (This report by
Accenture provides some deeper detail on EMMs.) Companies like Tata understand what it takes to
operate at the BoP and their success leads to their spread.
2.
Organizational Development Focused Bop Approaches
a.
Staff development and social impact. On-the-ground engagement with BoP organizations and
markets provides a powerful source of staff development and social impact. Programs like IBM's Service
Corps take corporate leaders to base of the pyramid markets for service trips, which provide unique
leadership development opportunities.
b. Innovation. Companies that design any program to reach BoP markets generally seek returns related to product and process innovation that will be applicable in other parts of their company.
3.
Brand equity focused BoP approaches
a. Philanthropic efforts linked to new market growth. These companies employ philanthropic efforts
to help support their exploration of emerging markets. Programs often send products, processes, and
people to BoP markets as charity with the hope that lessons learned may someday spawn real, profitable business. Examples of companies who have done this well include healthcare giants such as Pfizer
and GE.
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b. License to operate. These companies need to go to where the land and resources are. Agriculture
and natural resources extraction are two leading sectors in this category. Social impact goals revolve
around the desire maintain a license to operate.
Of course many companies engage in the BoP for reasons that span all three major categories. That is
a good sign and demonstrates the multiplicity of benefits corporations can reap from BoP engagement. It is my hope that this framework starts a conversation that moves us towards more informed and
deep discussions around why companies enter these markets and how they do so effectively.
So where does your company fit in?
By looking at the trends in corporate engagement in base of the pyramid markets, social enterprises,
impact investors, and development practitioners can better understand opportunities for growth as well
as potential partnership.
There are market leaders that have demonstrated "best in class" performance in each of these categories. Looking for a way to link your philanthropic goals to new market growth? Look at GE's work. Have a
leadership development program in the works that needs an on-the-ground component? IBM has built
a foundation that you can learn from.
What does your BoP development organization need?
Noting that companies enter these markets for different reasons, we also can say that they partner and
support social enterprises for different reasons.
For example, a company focusing on staff development will seek capable, well-establish networks and
organizations that can provide reliable, positive experiences for diverse employees. A company focusing on philanthropic efforts will likely be most interested in partnering with an organization whose mission strongly aligns with their capabilities. By understanding why a company is engaging in BoP activities, social entrepreneurs and social "intrapreneurs" can make better decisions about how to shape
partnerships to support and influence this work.
What's next
Over the next few months, I'll be working on building out this framework and populating it with the latest
and greatest case studies and guiding principles to share with the NextBillion community and beyond. If
you have feedback on the framework or would like to discuss it, shoot me an email and we can find a
time to chat. We'll look forward to sharing our thinking on this important topic. Understanding differing
motivations, needs, and capabilities of corporate players will help investors make smarter investments,
social intrapreneurs build support for internal programs, and social enterprise leaders cultivate stronger
partnerships.
Gates Foundation spends $1.7B on farming in Africa
By DONNA GORDON BLANKINSHIP, Associated Press – 1 day ago
SEATTLE (AP) — The world's largest charitable foundation announced five years ago it would spend millions of dollars to fight poverty and hunger in Africa, largely by investing in agriculture. To date, the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation has committed $1.7 billion, but its leaders say it could take 20 years to see
the results of that work.
The foundation has focused on ways to bring to Africa the green revolution that swept Latin America
and Asia in the mid-1900s, boosting productivity in those regions. Its hope has been that helping small
farmers grow more would allow them to sell their surplus, boosting their income and putting more food
in hungry mouths. More than 70 percent of the world's poor depend on agriculture for both their food
and income.
Some people have been helped, and the foundation expects more will be in years to come, but agricultural development happens slowly, said Roy Steiner, the foundation's deputy director of global development.
As an example, he said some Kenyan farmers will receive seeds for drought-tolerant maize this year.
They'll try them out, see the results and decide whether to adopt them more enthusiastically next year.
A year after that, increased production could give them more money to buy food for their families or
fertilizer to improve their other crops.
"It takes years and years to shift the system," Steiner said.
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A more immediate impact might be made by buying and giving away food, and the Gates Foundation has done this indirectly with grants to groups such as Oxfam and CARE. But Steiner said the foundation doesn't see this as a long-term solution.
"Giving food to people is certainly necessary when there's a crisis," he said. "But these people don't want
to be depending on outside charity. And, frankly, who is going to pay for all of that food being given?"
The foundation, he said, aims to prevent crises by strengthening agriculture systems.
It's an approach anti-hunger organizations such as CARE and the United Nation's World Food Programme also are taking. One-fifth or less of CARE's budget now goes to the kind of direct food aid the
nonprofit was created to provide 65 years ago. The rest is focused on agriculture development work similar to what the Gates Foundation is doing.
"This move from more of a charity approach to more of a capacity building and empowerment approach is something most of the major relief and development organizations have gone through," said
Kevin Henry, who directs CARE's work in agriculture, economic development and climate change.
The World Bank estimates 338 million people live on less a dollar a day in sub-Saharan Africa. The U.S.
government spends about $1.7 billion on food aid each year and about $1 billion a year on its Feed the
Future Program, which focuses on reducing poverty and hunger through agriculture development.
Gates Foundation believes it can move more than 150 million in Africa out of extreme poverty by 2025
by improving agriculture. To that end, it has invested millions in seed research, buying and distributing
fertilizer, improving farmers' education and access to markets and political advocacy to get governments to spend more money on agriculture and to improve policies ranging from trade to land ownership.
Much of the work has been done through the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, which is run by
Africans with heavy support from the foundation. AGRA has used Gates money to support plant breeding programs at nine African universities, help seed companies increase their production, set up soil
mapping programs and provide credit to help seed, fertilizer and equipment suppliers expand, among
other things.
It has drawn attention from a Seattle nonprofit called AGRA Watch, whose members say they are concerned about the foundation's interest in genetically modified seeds and its relationship with African
farmers. Co-chair Janae Choquette claims the foundation hasn't talked to enough farmers to find out
what kind of help they want.
"Their analysis of solutions is not coming from these communities," Choquette said. "We want to support
of the self-determination of farmers in deciding their own path forward."
Steiner disputed Choquette's claim, saying the foundation gets direction for all its work from farmers. But
he also said one of its biggest challenges has been a lack of education among farmers.
"We want to make sure that we are really making things better over the long term, not making them
worse," he said.
The foundation says very little of its work involves genetically modified seeds.
Another big chunk of Gates Foundation money, $66 million, has been promised to the World Food Programme to help improve African farmers' access to markets. The idea is the World Food Program saves
money by buying locally, while its purchases put money in farmers' pockets. Thus far, the program has
spent about $30 million with small farmers and small- and medium-sized traders through its Purchase for
Progress program.
The head of the foundation's agriculture department, Sam Dryden, also is pushing it to help increase
African farmers' opportunities to sell their products beyond their own communities. The foundation has
invested many millions in helping cocoa, cashew and coffee farmers reach the quality and quantities
they need to sell to overseas markets.
A spokesman for Kraft Foods Inc. says that effort has resulted in his company buying some cashews directly from Africa, because the nuts can now be processed there instead of having to be shipped to
Asia or elsewhere for processing.
Steve Yucknut, Kraft's global vice president for sustainability, said the company hasn't changed the
overall amount of cashews it buys, but with his company and the Gates Foundation setting up processing plants in Africa, more of the profit from growing cashews stays in countries there.
Copyright © 2011 The Associated Press. All rights reserved.
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Sustainability and impacts of inclusive business models
Are inclusive business strategies compatible with sustainable development?
How is environmental and social sustainability embedded within inclusive business models? How are inclusive business ventures on poverty reduction evaluated by NGOs and international institutions? These
were some of the questions that were tackled at a conference held in early February 2011 in Paris,
which gathered some 150 experts and practitioners, including representatives of Accenture, Deloitte,
EDF, GDF SUEZ, Lafarge, PwC, Schneider Electric, and Veolia Environnement - all members of the World
Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD).
A summary of the discussions (pdf, 8 pages), along with the links to the presentations and the podcasts
of the sessions, has been released last week.
Stuart Hart of Cornell University, one of the world’s leading thinkers on the implications of sustainable
development and environmentalism for business strategy, and one of the founders of the "Base of the
Pyramid" concept alongside C.K. Prahalad, delivered the keynote speech. He referred to his recent coauthored book that shows how to apply today’s most significant inclusive business innovations, techniques, and models. And he underscored the need for moving toward a new private-sector-based approach to development, focused on creating profitable businesses that simultaneously raise the quality
of life for the world's poor, respect cultural diversity, and conserve the ecological integrity of the planet
for future generations (read more on this theme here).
Matthew Lynch of the WBCSD participated in a panel discussion on the topic of impact assessment of
inclusive business programs. Matthew presented the WBCSD’s Measuring Impact Framework, which has
been specifically developed to support better decision making through identifying opportunities and
risks, and allowing more informed dialogue with key stakeholders. He presented a number of case studies of companies using the Framework to integrate development considerations into core business
and to support the development of more inclusive business models.
The conference was organized by the Ecole Polytechnique (Chair for Business Economics & Chair for
Sustainable Finance and Responsible Investment), ESSEC Business School (Institut de l'Innovation et de
l'Entrepreneuriat Social) and HEC Paris (Chaire Entreprise et Pauvreté).
What CEOs are saying about Africa
Investors and executives are starting to become more positive on Africa as an investment destination,
although some still see barriers keeping them from investing.
For its 2011 Africa attractiveness survey, Ernst & Young interviewed decision maker from companies
around the world. The findings show that 68% of respondents believe that Africa has become a more
attractive business destination.
Most of this optimism, however, comes from respondents based in emerging markets and the continent
itself. 74% of investors in other emerging markets believe that Africa has become more attractive. Of
the African decision makers interviewed, 86% believe the continent has made progress in the last three
years. Respondents from more developed regions such North America and Europe were less enthusiastic, with 46% saying that Africa’s progress has stalled over the last few years.
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Has Africa become more attractive in the past three years? Investors' perception by location
Despite current excitement about the potential that the African consumer holds, highlighted in reports
such as McKinsey & Company’s Lions on the move: The progress and potential of African economies,
most respondents feel that the extractive industries such as mining and oil and gas hold the most promise. “This perhaps reflects a more general perception that Africa’s economic growth over the last few
years has been largely driven by the commodities boom, but it underlines the increasing strategic importance of Africa’s rich resource base,” notes Ernst & Young.
Top sectors that will offer the greatest potential in the next two years
Investors interested in the continent need to have a long-term view. 71% of the respondents believe
that Africa will only offer high growth potential over the longer term (more than three years).
Africa is, however, not a homogeneous market and there are vast differences between the more than
50 countries. Most respondents believe that South Africa is the most attractive business destination on
the continent. “This is perhaps unsurprising, given that South Africa is the most developed economy and
perhaps the well-known country on the continent,” says the report.
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The survey found that perceptions of the attractiveness of individual territories are greatly influenced by
the country of origin of the survey respondent, and often by historical or cultural links. “For example, Morocco is regarded positively by many French respondents; South Africans tend to be more positive
about Anglophone African countries (including, interestingly, being the most positive of all respondents
about the attractiveness of Nigeria); Indians are positive about South Africa and Kenya, both of which
have sizeable Indian minority populations and strong historical ties.”
These perceptions about the relative appeal of individual countries, however, do not correlate with actual foreign direct investment, which is distributed across a far greater range of countries.
Perception gap relative to main countries' attractiveness
Political instability in Africa is the biggest worry for foreign investors. Other barriers to investing in the continent include corruption, weak security and poor infrastructure.
Barriers to investing in Africa
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Cherte du loyer à dakar - Les locataires crient leur ras-lebol
La cherté du loyer à Dakar est devenue un secret de polichinelle. Les nombreux locataires de la capitale sénégalaise ne diront pas le contraire. Non seulement il est difficile de trouver une maison, un appartement ou une simple chambre en bon état à Dakar, mais il faut casquer fort pour en bénéficier. 40
et 70 mille, c’est le prix à payer pour avoir une chambre. Pour un studio ou un appartement, il faut débourser entre 100 et 175 mille FCFA.
Sur cette cherté du prix du loyer, certaines personnes interrogées indexent les étrangers qu’elles accusent d’être à l’origine de cette flambée. Et pour cause, nos interlocuteurs pensent que ces derniers,
n’ayant pas souvent de soucis financiers, acceptent tout ce qu’on leur propose. « Les agences et
autres courtiers préfèrent maintenant louer leurs maisons aux étrangers parce qu’ils disent que non seulement ils payent plus, mais ils le font à temps. Il y en a même qui payent toute l’année. Seulement,
nous les gorgorlous sénégalais, nous n’avons pas les moyens de nous payer ce luxe. Si vous remarquez
bien les nouveaux immeubles de Dakar sont presque tous habités par des étrangers. Si dans notre
propre pays nous ne pouvons même pas accéder au logement, c’est très grave », note Khalifa, professeur de son état. Situé au cœur de Dakar, pas loin du centre ville, le quartier Gueule Tapée est très prisé
par les étudiants sénégalais et étrangers.
Et ce à cause de sa proximité avec l’université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar et bien d’autres grandes
écoles et instituts de formation de la place. Trouver un loyer à la Gueule Tapée, surtout en plein année
scolaire, relève d’un véritable parcours du combattant. « Quand je pars en vacances, je paye les trois
mois d’absence car sinon je risque de perdre ma chambre à mon retour », explique Said, étudiant marocain inscrit à la faculté de médecine. Pour le jeune étudiant, il est beaucoup plus difficile de trouver
une chambre décente et à bon prix aux alentours de l’Ucad. « La codification coute cher pour nous
autres étrangers. C’est pour cela que nous préférons louer des chambres ou se partager un appartement entre compatriotes. Il est vrai que le loyer coute cher à Dakar mais je trouve que c’est un peu
abordable par rapport à Casa », poursuit-il.
Son compatriote, Youssef, habite quant à lui dans un tout nouvel immeuble à quelques encablures de
la cité Aline Sitoe Diatta ex-Claudel. Youssef vit dans un appartement avec un salon décoré à la marocaine et une chambre avec salle de bain. Il suffit de le voir, avec sa grande moto et sa façon de
s’habiller pour se rendre compte qu’il fait partie de ces fils à papa qui dépensent sans compter. A la
question de savoir pourquoi il ne partageait pas son appartement, il répond qu’il n’en n’avait pas
l’habitude. Fils d’un célèbre homme d’affaire marocain, Youssef, 28 ans, étudie la médecine à
l’Université de Dakar depuis maintenant cinq ans. Pas du tout modeste, le futur médecin nous fait remarquer que son papa a voulu l’envoyer en France mais il a préféré venir au Sénégal qui selon lui
forme les meilleurs médecins du continent. Youssef, dit payer son appartement à 130 mille francs cfa.
Chose qu’il trouve tout à fait normal. « C’est un nouvel immeuble et vous ne pouvez pas savoir tout ce
que j’ai dû faire pour avoir cet appartement. En plus d’avoir payé une caution et une avance de deux
mois, j’ai payé 130 mille francs de commission au courtier. En plus de cela il me faisait attendre et j’ai
du lui offrir un petit cadeau pour qu’il me mette sur sa liste. Vous vous rendez compte, j’ai été obligé de
donner près de 500 mille pour avoir où habiter », martèle Youssef. A la Gueule Tapée et ses environs,
une chambre en bon état ne coûte pas moins de 40 mille francs cfa.
Dans un nouvel immeuble sis à la rue qui mène vers l’hôpital Abass Ndao, le prix des chambres varient
entre 50 et 70 mille et les appartements entre 110 et 150 mille. Pour en savoir plus sur la cherté de ces
chambres, nous sommes allés voir le propriétaire de l’immeuble mais ce dernier n’a pipé mot prétextant qu’il l’avait confié à quelqu’un qui se charge de tout. Nous avons quand même pu parler avec
quelques locataires qui ont donné leur avis sur la question. Pour cette jeune dame qui travaille dans
une entreprise de la place, les propriétaires n’ont vraiment pas de cœur. « Comment peut-on demander à quelqu’un qui n’a même pas 150 mille francs de salaire de payer une chambre à 50 ou 70 mille
francs. Nous habitons dans les régions et nous sommes obligés de louer des chambres mais les propriétaires ne nous facilitent pas la tâche. C’est vraiment dur, très dur », fustuge-t-elle. Elle ajoute : « personnellement, en plus du loyer qui s’élève à 65 mille francs pour une simple chambre avec toilettes intérieures, je dois payer l’eau et l’électricité, la nourriture, n’en parlons même pas. Imaginez ce que ça fait
avec ces salaires de rien du tout qu’on nous donne », lance-telle.
Pour notre interlocutrice, il est temps que l’état prenne ses responsabilités par rapport à cette situation.
« Ce sont les autorités qui les laissent faire. A Dakar tout le monde construit n’importe où et n’importe
comment. Ici à la Gueule Tapé vous voyez des familles qui s’entassent dans deux chambres pour ensuite louer le reste de la maison moyennant une somme énorme. C’est inadmissible ! C’est de
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l’anarchie totale, les courtiers et intermédiaires font ce qu’ils veulent sans même se soucier du pouvoir
d’achat des sénégalais. L’état devrait vraiment poser des actes concrets au lieu de se livrer à des promesses qu’il ne réalise jamais », note la jeune dame qui se demande ce qu’est devenue la proposition
de loi du professeur Iba Der Thiam sur la cherté du loyer. « C’est le propre de nos dirigeants, ils parlent
beaucoup mais ne font rien du tout », explique-t-elle. Joëlle est du même avis, selon cette jeune ivoirienne, de toutes les capitales africaines qu’elle a fréquentées, Dakar a le loyer le plus cher. « Ici je
paye 60 mille pour une chambre mais si c’était à Abidjan ou Lomé, j’aurais un appartement ou même
une maison avec cette somme. C’est cher chez vous dé », nous dit-t-elle d’un air sérieux.
La Rédaction
Africa’s SADC, EAC, COMESA Blocs Plan to Merge, South
Africa’s Davies Says
By Franz Wild
The Southern African Development Community, the East African Community and the
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa trade blocs plan to merge, Rob Davies, the country’s
trade minister, told reporters in Johannesburg today.
South Africa will host trade talks next week, he said.
To contact the reporter on this story: Franz Wild in Johannesburg at [email protected]
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Antony Sguazzin at [email protected]
Afrique : le secteur privé a plus que jamais les faveurs de
Proparco
La filiale de l’AFD a investi près de 460 millions dans le secteur privé africain en 2010
par Falila Gbadamassi
Le secteur privé en Afrique a bénéficié en 2010 de 459,8 millions d’euros investis par Proparco, la filiale
de l’Agence française de développement (AFD). La région de l’Afrique sub-saharienne concentre à
elle seule 423 millions, ce qui en fait la principale zone d’intervention de l’institution financière de développement qui a publié ce mardi son rapport d’activités.
2010 sacrée « année africaine » par Proparco. La filiale de l’Agence française de développement
(AFD) dédiée au secteur privé confirme son intérêt pour le continent. Tout comme sa maison-mère.
Entre l’Afrique du Nord et l’Afrique sub-saharienne, ce sont 459,8 millions d’euros qui ont été investis
dans le secteur privé. Ce chiffre record est surtout le fait d’une zone. L’Afrique sub-saharienne a représenté 45 % des 944 millions d’euros de prêts et de prises de participations signés par Proparco, contre
893 millions en 2009. La région a reçu 423 millions d’euros, soit une augmentation de 60 % par rapport à
2009, qui incluent 48 millions provenant du Fonds d’investissement et de soutien aux entreprises en
Afrique (Fisea), géré par Proparco pour le compte de l’AFD. Ce record d’interventions fait de Proparco,
qui a présenté ce mardi son rapport 2010, « la première institution financière de développement bilatérale en Afrique ».
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Quelques chiffres
Investissements de Proparco dans le monde en 2010 : 944 millions d’euros
Progression par rapport à 2009 : +6 %
Nombre de projets : 74
Investissements de Proparco en Afrique (Afrique du Nord + Afrique sub-saharienne) en 2010 : 459,8
millions d’euros
Pourcentage du total de signatures 2010 : 49 %
Nombre de projets : 49
Investissements de Proparco en Afrique sub-saharienne : 423 millions d’euros
Pourcentage du total de signatures 2010 : 45 %
Nombre de projets : 44 projets, dont 17 prêts, 12 prises de participations pour le compte de Proparco
et 14 autres pour le Fonds d’investissement et de soutien aux entreprises en Afrique (Fisea).
Proparco : capital-risqueur en Afrique
« Nous nous intéressons depuis toujours à l’Afrique, a souligné ce mardi le directeur général de Proparco, Etienne Viard. Nous avons ce tropisme africain parce que les pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne sont
parmi les plus pauvres de la planète. En tant qu’agence de développement, nous nous devons
d’intervenir en Afrique et notre satisfaction d’avoir des bons résultats sur ce continent se justifie ». La vocation de Proparco fait écho au dynamisme des entreprises du Sud. L’Afrique du Sud, avec plus de 40
millions d’euros alloués au secteur financier et bancaire, le Kenya, l’Ouganda, la Tanzanie et le Nigeria
sont les pays qui ont le plus profité des fonds Proparco. « La Côte d’Ivoire pourrait être un pays dynamique parce qu’avant les crises à répétition qu’elle a connues, ce pays représentait 40% de la zone
Uemoa (Union économique et monétaire ouest-africaine), note par ailleurs le patron de Proparco. La
Guinée, aussi, est en train de connaître un boom économique extrêmement important grâce à la relance du secteur minier ». Parmi les projets phare de cette année pour Proparco, qui a concentré « ses
financements dans les petites et moyennes entreprises, ainsi que dans l’énergie, les télécoms et les infrastructures », l’extension du Port autonome de Dakar (PAD) en partenariat avec Dubaï Port World Dakar qui a reçu un prêt de 16 millions d’euros. En 2010, Proparco a également fortement investi dans les
banques et les marchés financiers (521 sur 944 millions d’euros).
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Majoritairement prêteur - 80% d’opérations en prêts et 20% en fonds propres -, Proparco inverse la tendance sur le continent en devenant plutôt capital - risqueur. « Il se trouve que la majorité de nos opérations en fonds propres sont concentrées en Afrique, affirme son directeur général. Nous prenons donc
plus de risques, de participations en Afrique que dans les autres zones d’intervention ».
Proparco ambitionne l’année prochaine de « consolider » son modèle de gouvernance - l’institution est
détenue à 55% par l’AFD (public), à 25% par des banques françaises et la Caisse des dépôts (CDC) et
dont le reste du capital est réparti dans les banques du Sud - pour intervenir davantage en Afrique où
elle dispose de 7 bureaux. Parmi les projets de la filiale de l’AFD, la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique par le développement de la finance carbone en Méditerranée et en Afrique sub-saharienne.
« On constate que l’Afrique n’a absolument pas profité des financements qui sont liés aux mécanismes
de développement propres de Kyoto », note Etienne Viard. L’institution financière s’est récemment alliée avec la CDC, « qui est d’un leader de la finance carbone dans le monde » pour investir 30 millions
d’euros dans ce domaine.
CEEAC : des experts appellent à adopter la stratégie de
financement du secteur de l'eau
KINSHASA -- Les experts des pays de la Communauté économique des Etats d'Afrique centrale (CEEAC)
en charge de l'eau et les institutions régionales du secteur de l'eau ont recommandé à leurs gouvernements d'adopter la stratégie de financement du secteur de l'eau.
Ils ont formulé cette recommandation à la clôture mardi des travaux de l'atelier régional de lancement
du projet de mise en oeuvre de la politique régionale de l'eau de la CEEAC, organisé à Kinshasa les 30
et 31 mai.
Ils ont également demandé de sensibiliser les institutions universitaires et de recherche à intégrer dans
leur curricula les modules de recherches de financement et de rédaction des propositions des projets
et d'assumer les charges de fonctionnement des investissements des réseaux de mesure d' observation
des ressources en eau.
La réunion des experts a enjoint le secrétaire général de la CEEAC de transmettre formellement les documents de référence du projet à chaque Etat membre pour une meilleure appropriation et un suivi de
sa mise en oeuvre et à prendre en compte les ressources en eau souterraine dans la réalisation de
l'étude PARGIRE (Plan d' action régional de la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau).
Elle lui a demandé de veiller, lors de l'étude institutionnelle, d'accorder un accent particulier sur le relèvement institutionnel susceptible de garantir à terme une meilleure émancipation de l' organe de
coordination régionale de la gestion des ressources en eau.
Pour les participants, le secrétaire général de la CEEAC est appelé à appuyer la mise en place d'un réseau d'association de la société civile oeuvrant dans le domaine de l'eau et de l' assainissement et à
développer un programme de vulgarisation de la politique régionale de l'eau en vue de sa meilleure
appropriation par les Etats, les acteurs de l'eau et les populations.
© Copyright Xinhuanet
Le système de santé mauricien, un modèle pour l'Afrique
(ANALYSE)
PORT-LOUIS -- La clinique mobile du ministère de la Santé et la Qualité de Vie de l'île Maurice a remporté au début du mois de mai, à Nairobi au Kenya, le grand prix de l'innovation décerné par le All Africa
Public Sector Innovation Awards (AAPSIA) 2010. Une distinction qui récompense les efforts de Maurice
pour son investissement dans l'amélioration de la qualité de vie de ses citoyens.
Instauré par les Britanniques, qui ont gouverné le pays jusqu' à son indépendance en 1968, le système
de santé s'est constamment amélioré pour répondre aux exigences de la modernité et à la croissance
de la population. Le ratio de patients-médecins est de 6,9 pour le secteur public et de 11,7 au niveau
national en tenant compte du secteur privé, indique le ministère de la Santé.
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Alors qu'à l'accession de l'indépendance le service public ne comptait que trois hôpitaux régionaux et
une unité spécialisée en otorhinolaryngologie, aujourd'hui Maurice peut s'enorgueillir de posséder un
réseau impressionnant comptant cinq hôpitaux régionaux disséminés à travers l'île, cinq hôpitaux spécialisés et deux hôpitaux au niveau de district. En outre, l'île touristique de l' océan Indien possède 113
centres de santé communautaires, 21 centres de santé régionaux, deux medi-cliniques et deux hôpitaux communautaires offrant des soins de santé primaire.
Ce service de santé qui vient vers le public démontre l' engagement du gouvernement pour que la
population jouisse d'une meilleure santé qui aille de pair avec le développement sans précédent que
le pays a connu depuis les années 80'.
L'accès à la santé reste gratuit en dépit des coûts sans cesse en hausse. Le budget de la Santé est d'ailleurs le deuxième plus gros budget de l'Etat mauricien. Mais en vertu de sa politique de l'Etat providence, le gouvernement maintient coûte que coûte la gratuité de la santé ainsi que celle de l'éducation, une pension de retraite universelle non-contributive et une sécurité sociale qui vient en aide aux
plus démunis.
La santé est une affaire de tout le monde et commence avant même la naissance de l'enfant quand
la mère enceinte reçoit des soins et un suivi jusqu'à l'accouchement. L'enfant est ensuite suivi par un
service pédiatrique jusqu'à l'âge de cinq ans grâce à une carte de santé où toute une série de vaccins
contre des maladies comme la poliomyélite ou la rougeole sont administrés. Au primaire comme au
secondaire, le cursus scolaire intègre des programmes de santé comme les bonnes habitudes alimentaires ou les notions d'hygiène.
Néanmoins, une grosse lacune demeure l'absence de l'éducation sexuelle qui reste encore tabou dans
la société mauricienne encore assez conservatrice. Il n'en demeure pas moins que les efforts sur l'éducation sanitaire couplés avec le développement du pays ont contribué à augmenter considérablement l'espérance de vie. En 1944, elle était de 33 ans pour les hommes et de 34 ans pour les femmes.
En 1967, soit une année avant l'indépendance, elle était passé à 60 ans pour les hommes et 64 ans
pour les femmes. En 2008, les hommes ont encore gagné 9,1 ans et les femmes encore plus, soit 12, 1
ans.
Selon les prévisions des démographes, l'espérance de vie devrait atteindre 71 ans pour les hommes en
2015 et 77 ans pour les femmes .Néanmoins, les gains obtenus durant les dernières décennies sont confrontés à de nouveaux défis avec la hausse dramatique des maladies non-transmissibles comme le
diabète, le cancer et les pathologies cardiovasculaires.
La hausse de ces maladies pose une réelle menace pour la population mauricienne et au système de
santé en général. Selon le dernier rapport sur les maladies non-transmissibles, un Mauricien sur cinq âgé
de 30 ans et plus est diabétique. Plus de 50% des décès sont attribués aux maladies cardiovasculaires,
au diabète, aux problèmes du système circulatoire et au cancer.
De fait la part de ces maladies dans la morbidité à Maurice comptait pour 87,9% en 2009. Pour faire
face à cette situation inquiétante, le gouvernement a accéléré les campagnes d' information dans les
médias et à travers son réseau. Aujourd'hui, un autre pas a été franchi avec la création en 2007 du service de clinique mobile qui s'adresse aux adultes et aux élèves des classes terminales. En 2007, plus de
51 000 personnes avaient été touchées. Ce chiffre a doublé en 2009. « Un signe encourageant qui a
été récompensé à juste titre par le prix de l'AAPSIA », constate un haut fonctionnaire du ministère de la
Santé.
© Copyright Xinhuanet
Nigeria : secteur privé et infrastructures, priorités de
Goodluck Jonathan
Ouestafnews - Le président nigérian Goodluck Jonathan, réélu à l’issue du scrutin du 16 avril 2011, a
promis de favoriser l’épanouissement du secteur privé ainsi que celui des infrastructures, dans osn discours d’investiture prononcé le 29 mai 2011 à Abuja.
« Dans notre stratégie économique, une politique d’encouragement sera mise en place au vrai secteur
de l’économie afin de favoriser l’épanouissement des petites et moyennes entreprises », a affirmé le
président Jonathan qui a prêté serment pour un mandat de cinq ans devant une vingtaine de Chef
d’états, ouest africains pour la plupart.
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Goodluck Jonathan reste convaincu qu’un secteur privé fort est « vital » pour la création d’emplois, surtout pour un pays dont la croissance démographique est rapide. Pour ce faire il promet que son « administration va continuer à encourager les entreprises locales pour leur permettre de bénéficier des ressources du pays ».
Toutefois, le président ne ferme pas pour autant la porte aux entreprises étrangères, car « le Nigeria est
l’un des pays au monde qui possède le plus fort retour sur investissement et nous allons continuer à accueillir l’investissement durable dans notre économie », a-t-il aussi souligné.
Les infrastructures, maillon essentielle d’une économie performante mais qui connaissent un déficit
criard au Nigeria, ont été maintes fois évoquées par le président qui promet de leur réserver une attention particulière durant ces quatre prochaines années, notamment pour ce qui est des infrastructures
sanitaires et éducatives de meilleure qualité, sans oublier le domaine énergétique dont la réforme a
déjà été entamée.
Pour mettre son pays à l’abri des aléas du cours du pétrole, dont le Nigeria est le plus exportateur en
Afrique, la mise sur pied du fonds de stabilisation des revenus (Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority)
a aussi été annoncée par le président qui rempile après avoir achevé le mandat de son prédécesseur
Umaru Yar’adua décédé en cours de mandat.
Enfin, Goodluck Jonathan, qui doit faire face a un pays où la colère gronde et se fait de plus en plus
violente, a rappelé son désir de voir la région du delta du Niger qui recèle la plus grande partie de la richesse pétrolière du pays renouer avec la paix.
Cette partie du sud du Nigeria est en proie à une insurrection menée par des groupes armés qui réclament une meilleure répartition des revenus du pétrole.
« La santé de notre économie dépendra de la résolution du problème au Delta du Niger, au nom de la
justice, de l’équité et de l’unité nationale nous allons promouvoir le développement de la région », a
promis Goodluck Jonathan.
Ouestaf News
Samsung vise l'Afrique
Par Julien Clémençot
Samsoung veut atteindre en Afrique un chiffre
d'affaires de 7 milliards d'euros d'ici à 2015. © D.R
Le groupe coréen veut faire du continent un marché équivalent à la Chine.
Le coréen Samsung a annoncé début mai sa volonté d’atteindre en Afrique un chiffre d’affaires de
7 milliards d’euros d’ici à 2015. Le continent deviendrait ainsi pour le groupe un marché d’une taille
équivalente à la Chine. L’an dernier, le leader mondial de l’électronique a déjà enregistré une croissance de ses revenus africains de 30 %, à 912 millions d’euros ; il projette de doubler ce chiffre en 2011.
En Afrique, il occuperait déjà la place de numéro un sur le segment de l’électronique grand public (téléviseurs, réfrigérateurs, etc.).
Appareils adaptés
Samsung entend se focaliser sur les dix plus grosses économies, notamment le Kenya, l’Afrique du Sud,
le Nigeria et le Soudan, et augmenter le nombre d’appareils spécialement conçus pour les marchés
locaux. « J’ai sous ma responsabilité 300 ingénieurs travaillant dans 49 pays afin de proposer des produits correspondant exactement aux besoins du marché africain », a déclaré Kwang Kee Park, responPerformances Veille
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sable régional de Samsung. Les climatiseurs conçus pour l’Afrique peuvent par exemple faire face aux
coupures de courant.
Le développement de Samsung passe par l’ouverture d’usines de montage comme celles déjà
implantées au Soudan, en Afrique du Sud, au Nigeria, en Éthiopie et au Sénégal. Son effectif africain
pourrait ainsi atteindre 5 000 salariés d’ici à 2015. L’amélioration de la chaîne d’approvisionnement et
de la distribution sont aussi des objectifs prioritaires. Le groupe a par exemple annoncé un partenariat
avec la chaîne de magasins kényane Nakumatt.
Lire l'article sur Jeuneafrique.com : Samsung vise l'Afrique | Jeuneafrique.com - le premier site d'information et d'actualité sur l'Afrique
Interview : Ibrahim Assane Mayaki, secrétaire exécutif du
NEPAD
Interview
Le secrétaire exécutif du Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique (NEPAD),
Dr. Ibrahim Assane Mayaki
Le secrétaire exécutif du Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique (NEPAD), Ibrahim
Assane Mayaki, explique, dans cet entretien qu'il nous accordé, les enjeux du nouveau partenariat
avec les pays émergents dans lequel le continent africain s'est engagé. Pour lui, ce partenariat sud-sud
peut permettre à l'Afrique d'amorcer son décollage économique, si les créneaux qu'il offre sont judicieusement exploités.
"Le partenariat avec l'Inde comme les autres pays émergents s'inscritdans une révision de notre système
d'intégration à la globalisation"
Question : Vous participez à ce deuxième sommet Inde/Afrique d'Addis Ababa avec votre casquette
de secrétaire exécutif du Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l'Afrique. Comment appréciez- vous le déroulement des travaux qui ont débuté depuis le 20 mai dernier, au siège de la Commission de l'Union africaine ?
Ibrahim Assane Mayaki : Le premier point, je pense qu'il est important d'abord de contextualiser cette
conférence. Vous savez que l'Afrique a commencé à développer des partenariats de type sud-sud notamment avec la Chine, le Brésil et avec l'Inde. Ces partenariats s'inscrivent dans une révision de notre
système d'intégration à la globalisation. Auparavant, nous étions fondamentalement caractérisés par
des relations nord-sud ; ces relations nord-sud sont en train d'être remises en cause parce le monde devient multipolaire et il y a la présence très forte d'économies émergentes comme la Chine, le Brésil et
l'Inde. Donc c'est dans ce contexte que l'Afrique estime qu'il est important de réviser cette coopération
nord-sud et de privilégier la coopération sud-sud. Ça, c'est le premier point de contexte.
Le deuxième point, c'est que nous avons très longtemps fonctionné avec une très forte dépendance
par rapport à l'aide, mais nous nous sommes rendu compte que l'aide n'est pas le facteur de développement. Le facteur de développement, c'est d'abord définir des politiques publiques appropriées et
deuxièmement gérer stratégiquement les intérêts de l'Afrique et puis troisièmement construire nos
propres industries, créer notre propre valeur ajoutée et promouvoir le commerce intra-africain.
Pour faire cela, nous avons les atouts nécessaires, maintenant nous avons évidemment besoin de partenariats et un partenariat comme celui de l'Inde peut nous permettre de travailler sur des questions
d'économie de la connaissance, des questions d'investissements dans les domaines des infrastructures
et de l'agriculture.
Le troisième point, c'est que l'Inde compte jusqu'à présent quand même un grand nombre d'habitants
qui sont aussi pauvres qu'une bonne partie des habitants de l'Afrique, mais ils ont su développer des
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stratégies appropriées notamment dans l'agriculture par exemple et à travers un projet d'industrialisation très ferme aussi. Et n'oublions pas qu'ils sont également leader dans le domaine des nouvelles
technologies de l'information et de la communication. De ce point de vue, les échanges avec l'Inde
peuvent être vraiment bénéfiques et fructueux pour l'Afrique.
Ce sommet va permettre de concrétiser le partenariat à travers des actions concrètes dans les domaines de la recherche, de la télémédecine, de l'économie de la connaissance, de la formation et du
renforcement de capacités, mais en même temps, comme il y a beaucoup de chefs d'entreprises indiens qui sont venus, cela va permettre de leur présenter des champs d'intervention sur lesquels on s'est
mis d'accord pour qu'ils investir en partenariat avec des Africains dans ce domaine.
A l'occasion du conclave entre les investisseurs indiens et africains, vous avez souligné le caractère prioritaire de l'agriculture au niveau de l'Union africaine. Pour produire, il faut des terres. Or il se trouve que
les partenaires indiens sont aussi impliqués dans la politique d'accaparement des terres agricoles en
Afrique. Quelle est votre analyse de ce phénomène ?
D'abord, je le dis très clairement, nous sommes contre l'achat des terres visant à produire et à exporter
directement ces productions là parce que premièrement cela ne crée pas de la valeur ajoutée sur
place ; deuxièmement cette pratique lèse les intérêts des petits producteurs, les exploitations familiales
notamment et troisièmement ça entraîne des phénomènes de corruption. Donc cette formule là ne
marche pas. La formule que nous préconisons, que préconise l'Union africaine et l'agence du NEPAD,
est la suivante : à l'intérieur de plans nationaux d'investissements agricoles bien définis, faire venir des
partenaires du secteur privé indien pour leur proposer des investissements sur des opérations déjà définies. Que ça soit en amont par rapport aux intrants, que ça soit au niveau des systèmes de technologie
de production agricole, machinismes et autres, que ça soit dans les processus de commercialisation.
Mais il est très clair que ce qu'on appelle "Landgrabind " en anglais, c'est-à-dire juste donner des terres
pour qu'il y ait une production et que cette production soit écoulée, ça c'est de la prostitution agricole,
ce n'est pas du développement agricole.
Lors de la rencontre des investisseurs toujours, vous avez parlé d'une directive mise en application au
niveau de l'Union européenne visant à accroître la production agricole de 6% chaque année dans les
pays africains. Sur quels piliers repose cette directive ?
Il y a un cadre de référence stratégique qui est le Programme de développement détaillé de l'agriculture en Afrique (PDDA). Ce cadre de développement fait l'objet d'une régionalisation dans les communautés économiques régionales ; par exemple la CEDEAO a un cadre régional adapté au PDDA et
ce cadre régional fait l'objet d'une traduction nationale à travers ce que j'ai appelé tout à l'heure les
plans nationaux d'investissements agricoles. L'objectif qui est visé, c'est d'augmenter la productivité
agricole de 6% à travers une meilleure gestion des intrants, à travers une formation des producteurs, et
à travers des mécanismes d'appui à l'agriculture, notamment l'agriculture familiale parce que la majorité des producteurs ont de petites exploitations familiales.
Donc pendant que des pays au niveau de l'Europe et des Etats Unis subventionnent très fortement leur
agriculture, nous nous ne pouvons pas ne pas appuyer notre secteur agricole et précisément les producteurs et ça c'est le rôle de l'Etat. Maintenant le secteur privé a également son rôle à jouer dans
cette dynamique au niveau de la création de la valeur ajoutée à travers notamment des unités de
transformation des produits agricoles.
L'autre point qui est important, il ne faut pas que nous mettions de côté la recherche parce que, en utilisant des semences améliorées, il est évident que cela contribuera à améliorer la productivité agricole.
Le deuxième point du consensus est que si on estime que l'agriculture est une priorité, il faut que les
Etats mettent plus d'argent public dans le secteur. Et c'est pour cela qu'un sommet de l'Union africaine
à Maputo, il y a environ sept à huit ans, avait pris la décision d'amener les Etats africains d'investir au
moins 10% de leurs ressources publiques (leurs budgets) dans le secteur agricole. Nous pensons que s'il y
a un cadre politique approprié, s'il y a des investissements appropriés, s'il y a l'appui aux producteurs, on
peut atteindre cet objectif là.
Par rapport à cette politique, qu'est-ce qui a pu être mise en oeuvre concrètement à la date d'aujourd'hui ?
Pour ce qui concerne le programme continental détaillé de développement de l'agriculture, tous les
Etats de la CEDEAO ont actuellement un programme national d'investissements agricoles et la majorité
d'entre eux a organisé des tables rondes pour attirer le secteur privé d'une part, et a décidé, sur ses
propres ressources, d'investir dans le secteur d'autre part. Donc ça c'est une illustration concrète.
Mais au-delà de ces 15 pays de la CEDEAO, il y a huit autres pays dans les autres régions qui ont également finalisé le processus par lequel on aboutit à un plan national d'investissements agricoles.
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Maintenant notre grande responsabilité, c'est de faire en sorte que la majorité des pays africains adoptent ce cadre stratégique, deuxièmement que l'on soit très soucieux et vigilant sur les mesures d'appui
aux producteurs et troisièmement qu'on associe le secteur privé au financement des plans.
Une autre priorité de l'Union africaine, c'est le renforcement des infrastructures de communication.
Pourquoi la priorisation de ce secteur ?
Les infrastructures sont vraiment une priorité pour nous parce que d'une part elles vont favoriser le
commerce intra-africain et deuxièmement, elles vont nous permettre de construire nos marchés intérieurs. Si vous analysez aujourd'hui le coût de transport d'une marchandise entre Cotonou et Ouagadougou, vous verrez qu'il est plus élevé qu'entre Ouagadougou et Shanghai, c'est totalement aberrant
! Ça c'est non seulement lié à des questions d'infrastructures dures, mais aussi à des questions plus
souples qui ont trait au transport auxquelles nous devons nous attaquer. La caractéristique des infrastructures construites pendant la colonisation et après la colonisation, c'est essentiellement des systèmes
qui permettaient d'exploiter les minerais et produits agricoles et puis de les sortir. Ce que nous nous
cherchons à faire, c'est connecter les pays africains pour qu'ils puissent construire leurs marchés intérieurs. Et dans ce cadre là, au niveau des communautés économiques régionales comme la SADC, la
COMESA, la CEDEAO, il y a des plans d'infrastructures très précis que ça soit en transport ou en énergie
visant à connecter les pays. Cette priorité va être renforcée en 2012 avec l'adoption du PIDA qui est le
Programme pour le développement des infrastructures en Afrique et qui est l'équivalent du PDDA dans
le domaine agricole.
Interview réalisée par Ousseini Issa
29 mai 2011 - Source : Le Républicain
L’Afrique : une source de croissance pour le XXIème
siècle ?
David Batt, Forum pour le partenariat avec l’Afrique*, et H-B. Solignac Lecomte, Centre de développement de l’OCDE
L’Afrique décolle-t-elle enfin ? Certains signes sont prometteurs. Riche de ressources naturelles et de
plus d’un milliard d’habitants, le continent a connu cinq années successives de croissance économique de plus de 5 % en moyenne entre 2004 et 2008.
L’investissement privé a augmenté chaque année depuis 2000, pour atteindre 472,2 milliards de dollars
en 2008. Et, malgré les retombées de la crise économique qui a débuté dans la zone OCDE en 2008 et
a conduit la croissance du PIB africain par habitant à un quasi point mort en 2009, l’activité a déjà repris. En effet, selon les Perspectives économiques en Afrique 2010 de l’OCDE, la croissance devrait revenir à plus de 5 % en Afrique subsaharienne en 2011. La réussite de l’Afrique au cours de la dernière
décennie est liée à plusieurs événements économiques mondiaux. L’extraordinaire rééquilibrage de
l’économie mondiale, accéléré par la crise (avec un véritable « basculement de la richesse »), a mené
les moteurs asiatiques à stimuler les prix et les volumes des exportations africaines traditionnelles. Mais le
succès africain doit également beaucoup aux événements qui se sont produits sur le continent luimême, notamment l’amélioration de la gestion macro-économique et budgétaire dans de nombreux
pays, et la réduction des conflits et de l’instabilité politique.
L’Afrique a également mis en place des politiques plus ambitieuses, notamment concernant les investissements dans les infrastructures économiques et sociales. Ceci a permis de progresser quant aux Objectifs de millénaire pour le développement de l’ONU (OMD), notamment en matière d’éducation primaire féminine.
Néanmoins, le continent doit encore affronter d’immenses défis s’il veut atteindre les principaux OMD
en 2015, en particulier ceux qui concernent la réduction de la mortalité maternelle et l’amélioration de
l’accès à l’eau potable et aux structures sanitaires.
Les gouvernements et les peuples africains ont été les principaux acteurs de cette nouvelle ère de progrès. Sa prolongation et les prochains progrès sociaux dépendront de la mise en place des bonnes politiques, notamment dans l’utilisation la plus efficiente possible des revenus budgétaires tirés des ressources naturelles et des autres secteurs en expansion. La précieuse stabilité politique, à laquelle le
continent a consacré de nombreux efforts ces dernières années, devrait être préservée. Pour cela, il
faut résoudre les incertitudes postélectorales actuelles en Côte d’Ivoire, qui a été jusqu’ici un exemple
de réussite en Afrique.
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Les partenaires internationaux ont aussi un rôle clé à jouer, et pourraient consacrer plus d’efforts à
s’assurer que l’Afrique continue d’avancer. Cela s’adresse aussi aux donateurs, qui doivent honorer
leurs engagements à accroître l’aide au développement, notamment à destination des pays les plus
pauvres et les plus fragiles, et à améliorer l’efficacité de l’aide, comme le préconise depuis un certain
temps le Comité d’aide au développement de l’OCDE, dont les membres représentent la majeure partie de l’aide bilatérale officielle au développement. Par ailleurs, l’aide a évolué et comprend bien plus
qu’une assistance financière : elle met aujourd’hui en avant les initiatives locales et la responsabilisation, les partenariats, la cohérence des politiques, les comptes-rendus, le suivi des performances, etc.
Tous les partenaires doivent aussi se concentrer sur des défis plus vastes, comme la maîtrise du changement climatique, qui a eu des conséquences majeures en Afrique, le développement de stratégies
de croissance verte, le partage de la technologie et de l’innovation. L’achèvement du cycle de Doha
sur le développement ouvrirait également à l’Afrique de nouvelles opportunités commerciales, et de
nouvelles actions pour améliorer la gouvernance dans des domaines comme la fiscalité, et pour lutter
contre la corruption, seraient également bénéfiques.
Lors de la création de l’OCDE en 1961, l’article 1 de sa convention fondatrice lui donnait comme mission d’encourager la croissance et la réduction de la pauvreté chez les pays non membres en voie de
développement. Et en effet, le Comité d’aide au développement et le Centre de développement de
l’OCDE ont été créés avec la nouvelle Organisation, tandis qu’au milieu des années 1970, le besoin
d’accorder une plus grande attention à l’Afrique a suscité la création du Club du Sahel, devenu le
Club du Sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. En 2006, à la demande des principaux pays développés et de
leurs partenaires africains, le Forum pour le partenariat avec l’Afrique, dont l’unité de soutien est accueillie par l’OCDE, a été fondé. Aujourd’hui, la mission de l’OCDE se retrouve dans
l’approfondissement et l’élargissement de son travail sur l’Afrique, dans son partenariat toujours renforcé avec des institutions comme la Banque africaine de développement, la Commission économique
pour l’Afrique de l’ONU, le Nouveau partenariat pour le développement de l’Afrique (NEPAD) et la
Communauté économique des États de l’Afrique de l’Ouest. De nouveaux rapports conjoints ont été
initiés ces dernières années pour suivre plus étroitement les progrès réalisés, notamment les Perspectives
économiques en Afrique, et l’Examen mutuel de l’efficacité du développement en Afrique. Ce travail
interdisciplinaire, qui n’est pas réservé aux spécialistes du développement de l’OCDE, bénéficie de
l’expertise de l’ensemble des domaines d’étude de l’OCDE, de la fiscalité à l’investissement en passant
par les échanges et l’environnement. De fait, les pays africains se sont penchés sur les stratégies de
l’OCDE pour la croissance verte et l’innovation, qui représentent des sources d’expérience, d’idées et
de conseils qu’ils peuvent adopter pour accélérer le progrès vers une économie plus forte, plus saine et
plus juste.
Sans doute l’Afrique a-t-elle ressenti les effets de la crise, mais grâce aux récentes années de croissance, le continent a eu la force d’y faire face. L’Afrique est une région au potentiel immense. Ses progrès dans l’amélioration du taux de scolarisation et dans l’application des technologies de l’information
et de la communication sont impressionnants. Sa nouvelle génération d’entrepreneurs innovateurs est
prête à tirer parti de l’évolution du paysage mondial et d’un climat politique plus calme et stable sur le
continent. Ceci, associé à une reprise sur les marchés des pays développés, augure bien du futur. Pour
l’OCDE, comme pour ses partenaires des marchés émergents comme le Brésil, la Chine et l’Inde, approfondir les liens avec cette Afrique plus dynamique et plus ouverte revêt une importance stratégique.
Susciter une plus grande prospérité pour tous est l’une de nos missions fondatrices.
*Le Forum pour le partenariat avec l’Afrique (FPA) a été créé en novembre 2003 pour établir une collaboration plus étroite entre les principaux pays développés et les pays et institutions de l’Afrique subsaharienne, comme l’Union africaine et le NEPAD. Il se réunit deux fois par an et sa dernière réunion
s’est déroulée au Malawi en octobre 2010. M. Batt en préside l’unité de soutien, basée au siège de
l’OCDE à Paris.
Pour plus d’informations, voir www.africapartnershipforum.org
Références et liens recommandés Voir www.oecd.org/developpement
Forum pour le partenariat avec l’Afrique : www.africapartnershipforum.org/
Centre de développement de l’OCDE : www.oecd.org/dev-fr
Pour plus d’information sur l’aide au développement, voir le nouveau site de la Direction de la coopération pour le développement/CAD : www.oecd.org/cad
Club du Sahel et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest : www.oecd.org/csao
© L' Annuel de l'OCDE 2011
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