Comparison of rumen ciliate protozoa populations of camel, sheep

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Al Awamia 95 - Décembre1996
77
Comparison
of rumenciliateprotozoa
populations
of camel,
sheep,
andgoatsfed
lowor highfiberdiets
Rouissi A.r, Guesmi A.2
rDépartementdes productions
animales,Ecole supérieured'agriculture,7030 Mateur,Tunisie
2Laboratoirede nutrition animale,Institut
nationalagronomique,1002Tunis Belvéclère,
Tunisie
Abstract
To determineand comparetheprotozoapopulations,we usedfour dromedaries,four rctmsand
two rumenfistulated male goats.
This study showedthat the rumen contentofdrontedaries contained lessprotozoa than sheep
and particular\, gocttsbut containedsomeprotozoagenerathat are very efficientin cell wall
deg radation (Ep idinium, Eudip Iodi ni un).
Keywords:Protozoa,
rumen,dromedaries,
sheep,goats
Résumé
: comparaison
delapopulation
desprotozoaires
ciriés
durumenchezledromadaire,
lemouton
etlachèvre
alimentés
pardesrégimes
riches
oupauvres
enfibre
Pour déterniner et comparer les populations desprotozoaires ciliés au niveau du rumen, on
a utilisé quatre dromctdaires,quutre béliers et deux boucsporteurs de canulespermanentes
au niveaudu runrcn.
A travers cetteétude,il s'estaveréque lesdromadairesont ntoinsde protozoairesdans le rurnen
mais renfermentdesgenresplus fficaces dans la dégradationde la lignoceltulose(Epiclinium,
Eudiplodinium).
Mots clés : Protozoaires,rumen, dromadaires, ovins, caprins
78
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lntroduction
There are few existingdata about ciliate protozoain the rumen of cantelidsas comparedto
otherruminants.The availabledataarecontroversial; William's ( 1963)havenot observedciliate protozoain the rumen of camelidsmaintainedon a low protein diet. However, Farid
and al. (1979) have observeda ciliateprotozoabut they did not find ophryoscolexgenera,but
Ghosaland al. ( I 98 l ) havealso observeda small numberin the rumenof camelidsfed a diet
with low fiber and high protein content.
The presentstudy was conductedto determinethe total populationand variousgeneraof ciliate protozoain the rumen of dromedariesand small ruminantsmaintainedon two different
diets :
3 All tbragediet (high in tlber) ;
U A diet low in flber.
andmethods
Material
anddiets
Animals
Four male dromedarieswith an averagebody weight of 200 kg and I year,ofage,four rams
"Noire de Thibar" with body weight of 46 kg and 4 yearsof age,and two male goats"Tuni-
Al Atvctntia95 - DécembreI996
79
sian breed"with body weight of 34 kg and 4.5 ycarsof agewere usedin this experiment.All
animalswererumenfistulated.
Anirnalsweremaintainedon two cliflèrentdiets(Tablel):
D Vetch-oathay (ad libitum) ;
ft Vetch-oathay + concentrate(50 Vo-50%t).
The water was available24 hlclayand all dietsweresupplemented
with a muniralmixture.
The animalsreceivedthe lbod twice a day over the experimentalperiod (at 8 h : 30 and at
1 6h : 3 0 ) .
Thble l. Chenricalcompositionof diets ingredients(VoD.M)
Nutrients
DM
Dietsingredients
CP
Ashe
OM
ADF'
ADL
Vetch-oathay (l)
91
o. I
6.5
93.4
43.7
7.6
Concentlate12;
92
12.5
2.8
97.2
8.5
1.5
C.M.V.(3)
95
7.2
A1
58.2
Na
0.4
0.08
0.3
0.92 0.3
(l) : Vetch-oathay,ground to 5 cm
(2) :7O o/obarley + 30 o/otriticale.crashed
(3) : Sheepmineral vitamin prernix+ salt + CaCO. + phosphatebicalcique+ wheat bran
Protozoa
counting
The count cf protozoawas carriedout on strainedfiltratedrumencontentcollectedtwo hours
after thc morning feeding.The runtencontentwasconservedin the freezerat 4o C in the presenceof a l'ixant(a 100ml fixantsolutioncontained50 ml of glycerol,2 ml of formaldehyde,
and48 ml ol'distilledwater)until the counting.The numberof protozoawas countedinside
Hawksley'scell as describedby Kayouli ( 1984).We identifiedt[.revariousgeneraof ciliate
protozoafiom decriptionso1'Ogimotoand Imai ( 198| ).
Statistics
The statisticalanalysiswas carriedout by the GLM procedurein SAS.
Resultsanddiscussion
The total concentration
ol'ciliateprotozoain the rumencontentwas significantlyhigheron
the speciesnlaintainedon thediet witlr thc concentrate(Table2). This resultwas in agreement
with thatof Bhatiauttl al. (1986)in drolnedaries,
Hungate( I 966)andDE Smet( 1993)in sheep.
The protozoaçoncentration
in thc rumencontentwassignificantlylesserin the dromedaries
comparedto goatsand sheep.This result was in accordancewith that ol'Ghosal an.dal.
80
(1981),Jouanyand Kayouli (1988),and Kayouliandal. (1993).This couldbe retaredto the
turn-overof the rumenliquid phasewhich is very fast in the dromaderiesand thatthe concentration of ammonia-Nis lower in the rumen liquid of dromedaries(Jouanyand SenaudI982;
Kayouli andal.1995).
We observedalso, in this experiment,that the protozoapopulationwas dominatedby Ento,
dinium generain all animal speciesand regardlessof diet, This result is an agreementwith
that of Farid and al. (1919),and Kayouli and al. ( I 993). The rumenconrenrof dromedaries
containsa specificgenera:Butchlia (Kayouli and al. 1993).
According to the classificationof Eadie(1967),dromedarieshaverype "8" population(Epidinium, Eudiplodinium)while the sheephavetype "A" population(ophryoscolex,polyplastron). Theseresultsare in accordancewith that of Farid and al. ( I 979, I 985), Bhatiaand al.
(1986),Ghosaland Lahiri (1986),Jouanyand Kayouli (1988),Kayouliand al. (1993),and
Jouanyand al. (1995).In goat species,the protozoapopulationbelongalso to type "8".
The fact that "8" type protozoaare found in the dromedaryrumen (Table2) is very interesting as theseprotozoaare very activein the degradationofcell wall (Jouany1989).
Thble 2. Total count ( I 0s) and various generaof protozoain Vo
Diets
spe
Hay
D
C
o
Hay+ D
ConcentC
o
Error
Spe.effect
Diet effect
Total
Ento.
Epid.
Eudip.
t6
8
t6
2.7a
59.6a 20.0aA l 0 . l a
4.6b
7 1 . 2 b 1 2 . 1 b 2.9b
4 . t b A 8l.8cA *
20
l0
l9
3 . 3 a 62.9a l7.5aB 1 0 . 0 a
5.3b 8r.lbB 7.9b
l.6b
5.0bB 83.7cB *
1.2
S
7.2
S
5.5
S
3.0
S
NS
Poly,
f
Ophry
*
*
8
*
*
l.6A
5.6bA
r
*
*
2 . l B 4.08
0.5
2.2
S
Isotr
*
Butch
.
l3.gA
I L6
9
*
*
9
.
6
g.3b
*
*
9.4
3.9
NS
0.7
NS
a, b, c: The values,for the samediet, fbr the samecolumn, with different lettersare statisticallydifferent (P<0.05).(Specieseffèct).
A,B: The values,fbr the samespecie,for the samecolumn, with ditferent lettersare statisticallydifferent (P<0.05). (diet efïèct).
N: Samplenumber
D: Dromedaries(n=4), C: Goats (n=2), O: Sheep(n=4)
*: Generadoesnot exist
NS: Not significant(P<0.05)
Spe: Specie
Concent:Concentrate
Ento: Entodinium; Epid.: Epidinium; Eudip.:EudiplodiniumlPoly.: Polyplastron;
Ophry:Ophryoscolex;Isotr.:Isotricha;Butch.: Butchlia.
Al Awamia 95 - Décembrc 1996
81
Conclusion
We concludethat the rumencontentof dromedarieshavelessprotozoacomparedto small ruminants.It may containssomeprotozoagenerathat arevery efficientin cell wall degradation.
Further studiesshould explorethe effectsof the other componentsof the microbial ecosystem (Bacteria,fungi) in relationto cell wall degradation.They are necessaryto contributeto
understandthe specificityof theseanimal species.
References
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Comparison of rumen ciliate protozoa populations of camel, sheep

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