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Value chain analysis of Gnetum africanum in Gambela V
l
h i
l i fG t
fi
i G b l
and Pascal markets of Kinshasa, DR Congo
Biloso M. A., Degrande A., Mafolo J., & Tchoundjeu Z.
Introduction
A good number of food plants consumed in rural areas of DR Congo are still in the wild despite their nutritional and medicinal value for farmers’ households (Biloso, 2010; Tabuna & Tchoundjeu, 2009).
Gnetum africanum is a liana mostly found in rainforests,
rainforests gallery forests and forest fallows (Pauwels,
(Pauwels 1993).
1993) Do intermediaries benefit more than household producers from the commercialization of Gnetum
africanum? What are the levels of profit margins of the different groups involved? The commercialization of Gnetum africanum is one of the means used to fight poverty in Kinshasa in both urban area and the
environs (Biloso 2008). Sellers make significant profit from the activity that makes it possible to survive (Biloso and Lejoly 2006).
Objectives
Identify sellers of Gnetum africanum operating Gambela and Pascal markets in Kinshasa;
distribute sellers based on their social profile (gender, level of education, marital status, composition of household, profession, seniority in the practice of selling, etc.);
determine the constraints linked to this commercial activity; develop some operational strategies such as the dissemination of post‐harvest processing techniques to make the activity sustainable;
estimate the commercial profitability of sales and its socioeconomic usage by sellers of Gnetum africanum of such markets.
Materials and methods
Materials and methods • Kinshasa and its environs (fig.1 & 2), • Tropical climate (AW4), T° 25–25,5° C; Precipitation 1700‐2000 mm; Alt. 350‐450 m
• Survey of sellers of Gambela (N= 120) and Pascal (N=120)
• Bibliographical survey
• Observations
•Economic analyses
Fig. 2 : Administrative map of Kinshasa Fig. 3 : Map of soil occupation of Kinshasa Results
Table 2. Price calculation of selling price per gp
p
cup in Congolese Franc and U.S. dollar
i C
l
F
d U S d ll
Table 1. Average weight of the unit of sale
Average weight and unit count
Pascal market
Constitutive elements
Gambela market
Pascal market
Wholesalers
Wholesalers Retailers Wholesales
Retailers
Weight per cup
157g
169g
169g
164g
Number of cups/bags
250
‐
250
‐
Buying price
37g
‐
47g
Number of cups
‐
5
‐
3
238
Wholesalers
60
Marché Pascal
Marché Gambela
Wholesalers
Retailers
Wholesales
Retailers
PR (FC)
111
260
144
310
PR (USD)
0.12
0.29
0.16
0.35
PV (FC)
193
483
280
803
PV (USD)
0.21
0.54
0.31
0.89
82
223
136
493
Retailers
55.5
‐
75
‐
1.3
14.4
1.6
23
handling
0.8
‐
0.8
‐
storage
1.8
8
2.4
‐
‐
‐
3
2
0.8
‐
0.7
‐
‐
‐
‐
4.9
MB (FC)
0.2
MB (USD)
0.09
0.25
0.15
0.55
RF (%)
74
86
94
159
Licence Hygiene
Selling price FK
Selling price in USD
‐
‐
‐
Fig.1 : wholesale market of Gnetum 282
Taxes
Police
‐
Retailers
Table 3 Financial profitability
Table 3. Financial profitability
Sizes Transportation cost
Selling space
Weight of cups
51
Gambela market
11
260
144
312
0.12
0.29
0.16
0.35
Discussions
•The retailing of Gnetum africanum
•The
retailing of Gnetum africanum is a female dominated activity in both the markets of Pascal and Gambela. The men dominate in whole sale. The results confirm is a female dominated activity in both the markets of Pascal and Gambela The men dominate in whole sale The results confirm
those of Biloso and Lejoly (2006);
•Dominance of married respondents. The results substantiates that of Biloso (2008) which highlights the involvement of the married persons in the strategy to combat food insecurity in Kinshasa;
•The age pyramid indicates that the age range of sellers varies between 20 to 50 years. The result is in line with those of Liengola (2001), Biloso and Lejoly (2006) and Toirambe (2007) on the exploitation of NTFPs in the DRC.
•The interviewees are people involved in the sale of Gnetum africanum for more than five years and who do not have any other more lucrative act ivity than the sale of Gnetum africanum. The conclusion ties with that of Biloso (2010) •More than 80% of the revenue generated is used to solve social problems ; esentially for healthcare, education, feeding, rents etc (Ntoto, 2001, Biloso, 2008);
•Results of our studies show a profit margin of 136FC to 493FC for wholesalers and retailers of the Gambela market and a profit margin of 82FC and 223FC for wholesalers and retailers respectively in Pascal market.
Conclusion
Fig.4 : retail market of Gnetum
•The market for Gnetum africanum is competitive profitable and beneficial with a positive socio economic impact
•The market for Gnetum africanum is competitive, profitable and beneficial with a positive socio‐economic impact. •This activity is a innegligeable source of income for producers and distributors as it enables them make a living and fight against poverty and the harvesting is all year round. Cette activité est une source de revenu non négligeable qui permet d’assurer la survie et de militer contre la faim partant des producteurs aux distributeurs et sa cueillette s’étend sur toute l’année. The traders face a number of difficulties ranging from inadequate infractructure for sale, storage and transportation, making planes the most commonly used means of transportation. References
Biloso M., A. (2010). Le savoir‐faire local dans la valorisation alimentaire de la fougère (Pteridium centrali‐africanum) à Kinshasa (RD Congo). In: X. van der Burgt, J. van der Maesen & J.‐M. Onana (eds), Systématique et Conservation des Plantes Africaines, pp. 333–339. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Biloso M., A. (2008). Valorisation des produits forestiers non ligneux des plateaux de Batéké en périphérie de Kinshasa (RDCongo), thèse de doctorat, EIB, Université libre de Bruxelles, 252p.
Biloso M., A. & J. Lejoly (2006). L’étude de l’exploitation et marché des PFNL à Kinshasa en RDC, TROPICULTURA, n° 24,Vol.3., p. 59‐62. Liengola Bauma, I. (2007). Etude des marchés préliminaires sur les PFNL de la RDC : Les marchés de Beni et Kisangani.http://www.fao.org/docreb/x2161F.
Ntoto M’vubu, R. (2001). Budget de consommation des ménages : structure et déterminants, cas de quelques quartiers pauvres de la ville de Kinshasa, Kisenso, Kindele et Makala, In : Sécurité alimentaire au Congo‐Kinshasa, analyse, production et ,
,
,
,
consommation, Harmattan, KUL, Paris, 367‐404.
Pauwels, L., (1993). Nzayilu N’ti, guide des arbres et arbustes de la région de Kinshasa‐Brazzaville, Meise, Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, 495 p.
Toirambe, B., B. (2007). Analyse de l’état des lieux du secteur des produits forestiers non ligneux et évaluation de leur contribution à la sécurité alimentaire en République Démocratique Congo. GCP/RAF/398/GER : rapport de consultation. 76 p.
Tabuna H., & Tchoundjeu, Z. (2009). Etude d’une stratégie marketing adaptée au développement du commerce de fumbua ou okok (Gnetum africanum) séché fabriqué par une PME camerounaise pour le marché local et le marché européen d’ethnic food., XIII Congrès forestier mondial Buenos Aires, Argentina, 18‐23 Octobre, 8p. Contacts [email protected]