13-Corrige exercices

Transcription

ADMINISTRATION, COMMERCE
ET INFORMATIQUE
Mise à niveau en anglais
CORRIGÉ DES EXERCICES
Les chapitres 2 à 7 de ce document sont une adaptation du cours
Preparation of Writing réalisé par la Société de formation à distance des commissions scolaires
du Québec (SOFAD) dont les auteurs étaient Susan Hanna, Evelyn Dufour et Maurice Dufour.
ÉDITION REVUE ET AUGMENTÉE : NOVEMBRE 2007
Première parution :
octobre 2001
PRODUCTION DE L'ÉDITION 2007
Rédaction :
Helen Elsworth
Révision de contenu :
Maria Motika
Révision linguistique :
Françoise Labelle et Gabriel Kabis
Coordination et responsable de la production :
Nicole Daigneault
Édition :
Michelle Thibaudeau
PRODUCTION DE L'ÉDITION 2001
Rédacteurs :
Julie Caron
Benoît Rousseau
Collaboratrices à la rédaction :
Lise Dolbec
Monique Thouin
Réviseurs pédagogiques :
France Daigneault
Daniel Gélineau
Réviseure de contenu :
Denise Desrochers
Réviseure et expérimentation :
Helen Elsworth
Réviseurs linguistiques :
Lise Dolbec (français)
Stephen Bigham (anglais)
Élèves témoins :
Manon Croteau
Marie-Thérèse Dubé-Éthier
Consultante :
Marguerite Meyer
Coordonnatrice du projet :
France Daigneault
Responsable de la production :
Carmine D’Amato
Page couverture :
BeauGraf
Édition électronique :
François Dubois
Parution :
Octobre 2001
Août 2012
La Société de formation à distance des commissions scolaires du Québec (SOFAD) tient à
remercier Les Dictionnaires Le Robert et Larousse-Bordas, collection Larousse de poche, de lui avoir
permis de reproduire quelques expressions facilitant ainsi l’apprentissage des élèves.
Dans le présent cours, le masculin est utilisé sans aucune discrimination
et uniquement dans le but d’alléger le texte.
Nonobstant cet énoncé, la SOFAD autorise tout centre de formation professionnelle ou
d'éducation des adultes qui utilise le guide de la SOFAD Mise à niveau en anglais à rendre
disponible sur son réseau ou son site Web le contenu du fichier PDF du corrigé, à le copier sur un
support externe ou à l'imprimer en tout ou en partie pour ses élèves.
© Société de formation à distance des commissions scolaires du Québec
Tous droits de traduction et d’adaptation, en totalité ou en partie, réservés pour tous pays. Toute
reproduction par procédé mécanique ou électronique, y compris la microreproduction, est
interdite sans l’autorisation écrite d’un représentant dûment autorisé de la Société de formation
à distance des commissions scolaires du Québec.
Dépôt légal – 2001
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec
Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
ISBN : 978-2-89493-226-1
Corrigé
Table des matières
Chapitre 1 – Collecting information / La collecte d’information
Test diagnostique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.8
Exercice 1.1 Comprendre l’organisation du dictionnaire bilingue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.10
Exercice 1.2 Chercher des mots dans un dictionnaire bilingue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.11
Exercice 1.3 Vérifier l’orthographe des mots dans un dictionnaire bilingue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.11
Exercice 1.4 Traduire des termes anglais à l’aide d’un dictionnaire bilingue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.12
Exercice 1.5 Vérifier le sens des termes anglais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.13
Exercice 1.6 Comprendre l’organisation d’une grammaire anglaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.13
Exercice 1.7 Consulter la grammaire anglaise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.14
Exercice 1.8 Chercher des règles de grammaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.14
Exercice 1.9 Comprendre l’organisation du Bescherelle anglais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.15
Exercice 1.10 Utiliser un guide de conjugaison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.15
Exercice 1.11 Faire une recherche sur les temps des verbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.16
Exercice 1.12 Définir les coupures de mots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.17
Exercice 1.13 Chercher des termes dans un dictionnaire bilingue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.17
Exercice 1.14 Exercer sa mémoire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.18
Exercice 1.15 Insérer des termes relatifs à la comptabilité . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.19
Exercice 1.17 Insérer des termes bancaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.20
Exercice 1.18 Chercher des termes relatifs à l’économie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.20
Exercice 1.20 Insérer des termes relatifs à l’économie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.22
Exercice 1.21 Chercher des termes relatifs aux affaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.22
Exercice 1.22 Insérer des termes relatifs aux affaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.23
Exercice 1.24 Chercher des termes relatifs à l’informatique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.25
Exercice 1.26 Insérer des termes relatifs à l’informatique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.26
Exercice 1.27 Rechercher des termes relatifs au monde des affaires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.27
Exercice 1.28 Mémoriser différentes expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.31
Chapitre 2 – The parts of speech / Les parties du discours
Test diagnostique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.1 Recognizing countable and uncountable nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.2 Practising plural noun forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.3 Making possessive forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.4 Changing into the possessive form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.5 Forming compound nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.6 Forming compound nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.7 Practising more compound nouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.8 Practising the use of personal pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.9 Using the right possessive pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.10 Using the right pronoun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.11 Using the right pronoun: demonstrative or indefinite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 2.12 Using the right pronoun: interrogative or relative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© SOFAD
C.32
C.34
C.34
C.35
C.35
C.35
C.36
C.36
C.37
C.37
C.37
C.37
C.38
C.3
Exercise 2.13 Practising more pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.38
Exercise 2.14 Applying verb agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.38
Exercise 2.15 Using a gerund or an infinitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.39
Exercise 2.16 Practising more gerunds and infinitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.39
Exercise 2.17 Expanding your vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.39
Exercise 2.18 Practising word order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.39
Exercise 2.19 Formulating sentences with more than one adjective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.40
Exercise 2.20 Making compound adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.41
Exercise 2.21 Using indefinite adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.41
Exercise 2.22 Using possessive adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.42
Exercise 2.23 Using demonstrative adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.42
Exercise 2.24 Using interrogative adjectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.43
Exercise 2.25 Placing the adverb in a sentence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.43
Exercise 2.26 Using again, still, and yet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.43
Exercise 2.27 Recognizing comparative and superlative forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.44
Exercise 2.28 Practising more superlative and comparative forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.44
Exercise 2.29 Using more superlative and comparative forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.44
Exercise 2.30 Using the right comparison: inferiority or equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.45
Exercise 2.31 Using the right preposition of place or direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.45
Exercise 2.32 Using the right preposition of place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.45
Exercise 2.33 Using the right preposition of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.46
Exercise 2.34 Using more prepositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.46
Exercise 2.35 Supplying the right preposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.46
Exercise 2.36 Choosing the right conjunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.47
Exercise 2.37 Identifiyng strong and mild interjections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.47
Exercise 2.38 Using articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.48
Exercise 2.39 Choosing the right article: definite or indefinite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.48
Chapitre 3 – Verb conjugation / La conjugaison des verbes
Test diagnostique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.49
Activity 3.1 Recognizing the auxiliary and the verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.51
Activity 3.2 Making present participles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.51
Activity 3.3 Making the past participle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.51
Activity 3.4 Using the third person singular of the simple, present tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.52
Activity 3.5 Using the simple present tense with adverbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.52
Activity 3.6 Practising the simple past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.52
Activity 3.7 Using the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.52
Activity 3.8 Using the present continuous tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.52
Activity 3.9 Using the right verb tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.53
Activity 3.10 Using the right verb tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.53
Activity 3.11 Practising the future continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.53
Activity 3.12 Inserting the right verb tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.53
Activity 3.13 Choosing the appropriate verb tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.54
Activity 3.14 Using the appropriate verb tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.54
Activity 3.15 Using the future perfect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.54
Activity 3.16 Choosing the appropriate verb tense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.54
Activity 3.17 Choosing the past perfect or the past perfect continuous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.55
Activity 3.18 Choosing the right form of the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.55
C.4
© SOFAD
Corrigé
Activity 3.19 Using different tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.20 Practising more tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.21 Practising still more tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.22 Recognizing the agreement of verb tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.23 Using modal auxiliaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.24 Recognizing transitive and intransitive verbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.25 Practising conditional clauses, type A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.26 Using conditional clauses, type B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.27 Practising conditional clauses, type C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.28 Practising more conditional clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 3.29 Using more conditional clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C.55
C.55
C.55
C.56
C.57
C.57
C.57
C.58
C.58
C.58
C.58
Chapitre 4 – Sentence forms / Les formes de phrases
Exercise 4.1 Recognizing personal and impersonal sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.2 Changing into passive voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.3 Formulating passive voice sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.4 Using right verbs in the passive voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.5 Choosing the passive or the active voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.6 Making the negative form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.7 Making yes/no questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.8 Making questions with wh-question words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.9 Practising two-word descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.10 Formulating two-word descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Activity 4.11 Making more two-word descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C.59
C.60
C.60
C.60
C.61
C.61
C.61
C.62
C.63
C.64
C.64
C.64
Chapitre 5 – Punctuation, abbreviations and numbers /
La ponctuation, les abréviations et les nombres
Exercise 5.1 Practising the use of commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 5.2 Practising more commas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 5.3 Practising punctuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 5.4 Practising capital letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 5.5 Using capital letters in a letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 5.6 Memorizing abbreviations and symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 5.7 Choosing the right written form of numbers: figures or words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C.65
C.66
C.66
C.67
C.67
C.68
C.69
C.69
Chapitre 6 – English sentences / Les phrases anglaises
Exercise 6.1 Identifying verbs and subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.2 Recognizing the sentence structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.3 Identifying independent clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.4 Recognizing dependent clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.5 Connecting sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.6 Making noun clauses using wh-questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.7 Writing more noun clauses with wh-questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.8 Making that-noun clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 6.9 Making more noun clauses with that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© SOFAD
C.70
C.71
C.71
C.71
C.71
C.72
C.72
C.72
C.72
C.73
C.5
Exercise 6.10 Practising yes/no question noun clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.73
Exercise 6.11 Formulating more yes/no question noun clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.73
Exercise 6.12 Creating clauses of place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.74
Exercise 6.13 Using subordinating conjunctions in clauses of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.74
Exercise 6.14 Writing clauses of frequency, manner, and distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.74
Exercise 6.15 Connecting sentences in order to form clauses of purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.75
Exercise 6.16 Combining sentences to make clauses of reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.75
Exercise 6.17 Connecting sentences in order to form clauses of result . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.75
Exercise 6.18 Combining sentences in order to form clauses of concession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.75
Exercise 6.19 Connecting sentences in order to form clauses of contrast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.76
Exercise 6.20 Recognizing restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.76
Exercise 6.21 Improving the use of relative pronouns as objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.76
Exercise 6.22 Improving the use of relative pronouns as subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.77
Exercise 6.23 Practising the use of possessive, relative pronouns as subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.77
Exercise 6.24 Using possessive, relative pronouns as objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.77
Exercise 6.25 Using relative pronouns as objects of a preposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.77
Exercise 6.26 Correcting sentence fragments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.78
Exercise 6.27 Balancing sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.78
Exercise 6.28 Making not only … but also sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.79
Exercise 6.29 Eliminating run-on sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.79
Exercise 6.30 Eliminating faulty pronouns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.80
Exercise 6.31 Recognizing dangling modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.80
Exercise 6.32 Eliminating dangling modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.80
Exercise 6.33 Recognizing misplaced modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.81
Exercise 6.34 Eliminating misplaced modifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.81
Chapitre 7 – Improving writing style / L’amélioration du style
Test diagnostique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.82
Exercise 7.1 Practising participial phrases in the active voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.83
Exercise 7.2 Using participial phrases in the passive voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.83
Exercise 7.3 Practising participial phrases with perfect tenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.83
Exercise 7.4 Forming participial phrases with clauses of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.83
Exercise 7.5 Practising participial phrases, clauses of reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.84
Exercise 7.6 Using participial phrases with simple sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.84
Exercise 7.7 Identifying prepositional phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.84
Exercise 7.8 Recognizing infinitive phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.84
Exercise 7.9 Making infinitive phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.85
Exercise 7.10 Changing to indirect speech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.85
Exercise 7.11 Eliminating redundant words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.85
Exercise 7.12 Reducing the number of words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.85
Exercise 7.13 Eliminating redundant it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.86
Exercise 7.14 Practising conciseness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.86
Exercise 7.15 Eliminating wordy dependent clauses or phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.86
Exercise 7.16 Eliminating the obvious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.86
Exercise 7.17 Using clear words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.87
Exercise 7.18 Shortening sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.87
Exercise 7.19 Shortening sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.87
Exercise 7.20 Shortening sentences with different subjects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.87
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Exercise 7.21 Shortening sentences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 7.25 Practising nominalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 7.26 Using nominalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 7.27 Making nominalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C.88
C.88
C.88
C.88
C.89
C.89
C.90
Chapitre 8 – Synthesis activity / Activité synthèse
Exercise 8.1 Traduire des mots et des expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.2 Mettre des mots au pluriel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.3 Choisir les bons termes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.4 Ajouter des mots dans une phrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.5 Accorder les verbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.6 Compléter des phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.7 Modifier la forme des phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.8 Modifier ou améliorer la structure des phrases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise 8.9 Vérifier la ponctuation, l’écriture des nombres et les majuscules . . . . . . . . . . . . .
© SOFAD
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C.92
C.92
C.93
C.93
C.94
C.95
C.95
C.96
C.7
Chapitre 1 – Collecting information / La collecte d’information
Test diagnostique
A) L'utilisation d'un dictionnaire bilingue
1. The cost of living is very high.
2. This new secretary is full of enthusiasm.
3. Can you give me the last financial statement?
4. Please, check all the invoices and purchase orders.
5. I have not received the sales report yet.
6. This company declared a considerable loss last year.
7. Our representative in Toronto will prepare all the necessary information.
8. The inventory is all the furniture, supplies, and products owned by a company.
9. He went to the bank to make a sixty-dollar withdrawal.
10. A debt is an amount of money owed.
11. Have you seen my new computer?
12. A joint account is shared by two people.
13. A recession results in a decrease in economic activity.
14. A bonus on your pay is a good example of an incentive.
15. A spreadsheet can be used to create graphs.
B) Le vocabulaire commercial
1. l'inventaire
2. les comptes clients
3. la balance de vérification
4. le vérificateur
5. la petite caisse ou le fonds de petite caisse
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6. un bordereau de dépôt
7. un commis de banque ou un caissier
8. le chômage
9. les matières premières
10. le contrôle de la qualité
11. le seuil de rentabilité
12. un sondage
13. le salaire minimum
14. un réseau
15. télécharger ou transférer des données
C) Les expressions idiomatiques et expressions anglaises
1. Two days ago . . .
2. Meanwhile ou In the meantime . . .
3. . . . on behalf of . . .
4. I would be very happy ou pleased to . . .
5. It seems that . . .
© SOFAD
C.9
Exercice 1.1 Comprendre l’organisation du dictionnaire bilingue
1er mot : « étaler »
Partie de la définition
Signification
Étaler [etale]
Entrée et prononciation phonétique
vt
Verbe transitif
-1. [exposer] to display
Traduction dans le sens du mot « exposer »
-2. [étendre] to spread out
Traduction dans le sens du mot « étendre »
-3. [dans le temps] to stagger
Traduction dans le sens de « étaler dans le temps »
-4. [mettre une couche de] to spread
Traduction de « mettre une couche de »
-5. [exhiber] to parade.
Traduction dans le sens de « exhiber »
✦ s’étaler
Sous-catégorie de verbe
vp
Verbe pronominal
-1. [s’étendre] to spread
Traduction du sens « s’étendre »
-2. [dans le temps] ; s’~ (sur)
Traduction de « s’étaler dans le temps ou to be spread
(over) sur une certaine période »
-3. Fam [tomber] to come a cropper
Traduction du sens familier « tomber »
Br, to fall flat on one’s face
Expression britannique
2e mot : « party »
Partie de la définition
Signification
Party ['pa:tI]
Entrée et prononciation phonétique
⇔ n -1. POL parti m.
Dans la catégorie grammaticale des noms, le sens politique
est « parti », nom masculin
-2. [social gathering] fête f, to have Traduction de « social gathering » réception f; Exemple
OR throw a ~ donner une fête.
d’expression utilisant le mot « party »
-3. [group] groupe m.
Traduction dans le sens de « group »
-4. JUR partie f.
Traduction dans le sens juridique
⇔ vi inf faire la fête
Catégorie grammaticale des verbes intransitifs. On traduit le
verbe « to party » par l’expression familière « faire la fête ».
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Exercice 1.2 Chercher des mots dans un dictionnaire bilingue
Aucun corrigé.
Exercice 1.3 Vérifier l’orthographe des mots dans un dictionnaire bilingue
Mot à vérifier
Correction
Envelope
Recieve
Receive
Insurance
Feadback
Feedback
Practically
Subpœna
Headquarter
Headquarters
Distributor
Preferrence
Preference
Interrest
Interest
Bankrupcy
Bakruptcy
Garantee
Guarantee
Discribe
Describe
Measure
Quotation
Thechnology
Technology
Sincerly
Sincerely
Flourish
Occasional
Pursuit
Supress
Suppress
Voucher
Awesome
Costomer
Customer
Forecast
Persevere
© SOFAD
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Exercice 1.4 Traduire des termes anglais à l’aide d’un dictionnaire bilingue
Mot à vérifier
(dans le sens de)
Superviser
Traduction
to supervise
Propriété
(propriété privée)
private property
Fonds
(ressources monétaires)
fund
Déposer
(déposer de l’argent)
to deposit
Besoin
(avoir besoin de quelque chose)
to need something
Moitié
half
Investisseur
investor
Acheminer
(acheminer de la marchandise)
to dispatch
Demande
(demande d’emploi)
job application
Marque
(marque déposée)
registered trademark
Rentabilité
profitability
Périodique
(adjectif)
periodic
Nécessaire
(faire le nécessaire)
to do what is necessary
Force
(avoir force de loi)
to have force of law
L’essentiel
the main, the basic point,
the essential
Dans le courant du mois
in the course of the month
Sinistre
(terme juridique)
damage
Répondeur téléphonique
answering machine
Fabricant
manufacturer
Pendant le service
while on duty
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Exercice 1.5 Vérifier le sens des termes anglais
Mot à vérifier
(dans le sens de)
Traduction
Meaningful
(relationship)
important(e)
Hand
(by hand)
à la main
Enquiry
(investigation)
enquête
Past
(to drive past)
passer devant
To track
suivre la trace
Impact
(to make an impact on)
faire une forte impression
To give
(a message)
transmettre
Display
(computer)
écran, affichage
Useless
(sens général)
inutile
Sound
(reliable advice)
judicieux, sage
To look at
(examine)
examiner
To fail
(stop functioning)
lâcher
To expect
(suppose)
supposer
Search
(for lost things)
recherche
Attendance
(presence)
présence
To neglect
négliger
Grant
(for study)
bourse
To register
(record officially)
déclarer
Previously
To develop
avant, auparavant
(land, area)
aménager, développer
Exercice 1.6 Comprendre l’organisation d’une grammaire anglaise
Aucun corrigé, le résultat dépend de la grammaire utilisée.
© SOFAD
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Exercice 1.7 Consulter la grammaire anglaise
Mot
Section de la grammaire
Who
Pronoms interrogatifs
He
Pronoms personnels
Postman
Noms
And
Conjonctions
To watch
Verbes
When
Adverbes
Those
Pronoms démonstratifs
Myself
Pronoms réfléchis
Never
Adverbes
Beautiful
Adjectifs
Exercice 1.8 Chercher des règles de grammaire1
Règle
Page1
Section
John is happier than Mary.
Adjectifs, comparaison
61-62
I always use the grammar.
Adverbes de temps
72
She is a better secretary than I.
Pronoms personnels
88
Paul goes to work.
Verbes
128
The job will be done before Friday.
Prépositions
216
The page is not white but yellow.
Conjonctions
224
The pen is not mine.
Articles
21
It’s hotter than last year.
Adjectifs, comparaison
64
This is big enough.
Adverbes
85
I’m talking to myself.
Pronoms réfléchis
96
1. Grammaire anglaise Harrap’s, France, Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 1997, 255 pages.
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Exercice 1.9 Comprendre l’organisation du BESCHERELLE anglais
Les sens
Grammaire du verbe
Temps et aspects
Auxiliaires ordinaires
Auxiliaires modaux
Verbes composés
Complément du verbe
Les formes
Tableaux de conjugaison
Verbes ordinaires et auxiliaires
Verbes irréguliers
Le questionnement
Index
Index général
Index des verbes à complémentation
Index des verbes irréguliers
Index des verbes composés
Exercice 1.10 Utiliser un guide de conjugaison
Verbe
Prétérit
(passé simple et imparfait)
Participe passé
Signification
Be
Was, were
Been
Être
Build
Built
Built
Bâtir
Have
Had
Had
Avoir
Lead
Led
Led
Mener
Leave
Left
Left
Laisser
Lend
Lent
Lent
Prêter
Let
Let
Let
Laisser, permettre
Mean
Meant
Meant
Signifier
Quit
Quit
Quit
Quitter
Seek
Sought
Sought
Chercher
Show
Showed
Shown
Montrer
Speak
Spoke
Spoken
Parler
Stand
Stood
Stood
Être debout
Take
Took
Taken
Prendre
Win
Won
Won
Gagner
© SOFAD
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Exercice 1.11 Faire une recherche sur les temps des verbes
1. Présent simple
a) I write a letter.
b) He cleans his office.
2. Présent progressif
a) We are advertising a new product.
b) She is doing her job.
3. Prétérit simple
a) You finished your work.
b) Did you wash the floor?
4. Prétérit progressif
a) Was I making myself clear?
b) You were not adopting a good attitude.
5. Present perfect simple
a) Have I not compared these two forms before?
b) We have discussed this matter.
6. Present perfect progressif
a) I have been investigating this situation for three months.
b) They have been interpreting this question correctly.
7. Plus-que-parfait simple
a) You had arrived before I did.
b) Had they answered the telephone when I arrived?
8. Plus-que-parfait progressif
a) I had been doing this when you called.
b) You had been working when the boss came.
9. Futur simple
a) She will watch television tonight.
b) He will not buy clothes.
10. Futur progressif
a) I will be reading.
b) They will be going to the show.
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Exercice 1.12 Définir les coupures de mots
Mots
Coupures recommandées
Ex. : corporation
cor-po-ra-tion
Computer
com-pu-ter
Rule
rule
Beautiful
beau-ti-ful
Office
of-fice
Scholarship
scholar-ship
Enthusiasm
en-thu-si-asm
Keeping
keep-ing
Glossary
glos-sary
Harmonious
har-mo-ni-ous
Retirement
retire-ment
Kilometer
kilo-meter
Litigious
liti-gious
Misunderstand
mis-understand
Useless
use-less
Organize
orga-nize
Self-service
self-/service
Exercice 1.13 Chercher des termes dans un dictionnaire bilingue
Mot à chercher
1.
Traduction
Accountant
comptable
Bookkeeping
tenue de livres comptables (comptabilité)
Credit
crédit
Debit
débit
Expenditure
dépense
Inventory
inventaire de marchandises ou de fournitures, stock
Item
article
Journal
journal
Liability
dette
Petty cash
petite caisse
Supplier
fournisseur
© SOFAD
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2.
Mot à chercher
Traduction
Actif
assets
Bilan (de la situation financière)
balance sheet
Capital
capital
Client
customer
Comptant
cash
Débourser
to pay out
Déficit
deficit
État financier
financial statement
Facture
invoice, bill
Gains
earnings
Exercice 1.14 Exercer sa mémoire
Mot à traduire
Traduction
Account
compte ou poste comptable
Accounts payable
comptes fournisseurs
Accounts receivable
comptes clients
Amortization
étalement de paiements sur une période de
temps, amortissement
Arrears
arrérages, retard de paiement
Debt
dette
Depreciation
amortissement
Disbursement
débours, décaissement
Fiscal year
année financière, exercice financier
Fixed asset
actif immobilisé
Intangible asset
actif intangible
Ledger
grand livre
Receivables
comptes clients
Reconciliation
vérification de l’exactitude des comptes,
rapprochement
Trial balance
balance de vérification
Voucher
coupon, pièce justificative, bon
C.18
Truc
mnémotechnique
réponses personnelles
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Exercice 1.15 Insérer des termes relatifs à la comptabilité
1. In double-entry bookeeping, we need two amounts: one on the debit side and one on the
credit side.
2. The inventory is all the materials and the products owned by a company.
3. Money that customers owe the company is the accounts receivable.
4. The money available for all small expenses is the petty cash.
5. A debt is an amount of money owed.
6. Money that businesses owe their suppliers is the accounts payable.
7. The trial balance is the list of all debits and credits.
8. The auditor is the person who examines all the records of a company.
9. The accountant is the person who is responsible for all the accounting records and statements.
10. A disbursement is the payment of an invoice.
Mot à traduire
Traduction
Bearer
porteur, titulaire
Branch
succursale
Endorsement
endossement
Overdraft
découvert
Overdrawn
à découvert
Passbook
livret de banque
Payee
bénéficiaire, prestataire
Rate of interest
taux d’intérêt
Safety deposit box
coffret de sécurité
Teller
commis de banque
Vault
voûte, chambre forte
Withdrawal
retrait
Chequing account
compte de chèques
Joint account
compte conjoint
Savings account
compte d’épargne
© SOFAD
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Exercice 1.17 Insérer des termes bancaires
1. A cheque is an authorization to draw money from an account.
2. A deposit slip is a form used to make a deposit.
3. Safety deposit boxes are normally located in the vault.
4. A chequing account permits people to write cheques.
5. A withdrawal is the act of removing money from an account.
6. A joint account is an account shared by two people.
7. A teller is a bank employee.
Exercice 1.18 Chercher des termes relatifs à l’économie
1.
C.20
Mot à chercher
Traduction
Deflation
déflation
Demand
demande
Economics
économie
Economical
économique
Employment
emploi
Free trade
libre-échange
Gross
brut
Growth
croissance
Indexation
indexation
Inflation
inflation
Lockout
mise à pied, fermeture d’une entreprise par la direction pour répondre
à une grève
Market
marché
Quota
quota
Recession
récession
Wealth
richesse
© SOFAD
Corrigé
2.
Mot à chercher
Traduction
Capitalisme
capitalism
Chômage
unemployment
Dépression
depression
Dévaluation
devaluation
Monopole
monopoly
Multinational (name)
multinationale
Productivité
productivity
Pouvoir d’achat
purchasing power
Saisonnier
seasonal
Salaires
wages
Mot à traduire
Traduction
Consumer price index
indice des prix à la consommation
Cost of living
coût de la vie
Employment
emploi
Free trade
libre-échange
Growth
croissance
Indexation
indexation
Inflation
inflation
Labor force
main d’œuvre, population active
Law of supply and demand
loi de l’offre et de la demande
Market
marché
Public sector
secteur public
Quality control
contrôle de la qualité
Raw materials
matières premières
Retail price
prix de détail
Wholesale
vente en gros
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Exercice 1.20 Insérer des termes relatifs à l’économie
1. A buyer’s market occurs when buyers can negociate low prices.
2. Quality control is a process in which tests ensure that the product meets the standards.
3. Economies of scale are savings made when buying large quantities.
4. Raw materials are used to produce goods.
5. Demand is the number of products that consumers are ready to buy.
6. Inflation is characterized by a price increase of goods and services.
7. A recession is characterized by a decrease in economical activity.
8. Unemployment occurs when someone has no job.
9. Purchasing power is the amount of money that customers have to spend.
10. Wages are the salaries paid to the employees.
Exercice 1.21 Chercher des termes relatifs aux affaires
1.
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Mot à chercher
Traduction
Advertising
publicité
Bankruptcy
faillite
Borrowing
emprunt
Boycott
boycottage ou boycott
Chairman
président
Claim
réclamation, demande
Discounts
escomptes, rabais, remises
Distribution
distribution
Forecast
prévision
Foreign affairs
affaires avec l’étranger
Incentive
récompense, motivation, mesure incitative
Incorporation
incorporation
Management
gestion, direction
Paperwork
paperasserie, écritures
Partnership
association
Portfolio
portefeuille
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Mot à chercher
Traduction
Premium
prime
Statistics (en anglais = toujours pluriel)
statistiques ou statistique selon le sens
Strike
grève
Mot à chercher
2.
Traduction
Dividende
dividend
Entrepreneur
entrepreneur
Équité
equity
Franchiseur
franchisor
Fraude
fraud
Hypothèque
mortgage
Intérêt
interest
Investissement
investment
Produit
product
Profit
profit
Projet
project
Revenu
revenue, income
Syndicat
union
Tâche
task
Vendeur, représentant
salesperson
Exercice 1.22 Insérer des termes relatifs aux affaires
1. A cash register is used to calculate taxes and the total price of a transaction.
2. A forecast is a prediction or a projection.
3. A job description outlines all the job responsibilities.
4. The breakeven point is the situation of a business making neither profits nor losses.
5. A survey is used to get the customer’s opinion.
6. You can make a copy of this document on the photocopier.
7. The smallest rate of pay fixed by the law is the minimum wage.
8. A bonus on your pay is a good example of an incentive.
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9. The person buying a franchise is a franchisee.
10. A union is a group of workers who protect their rights with a collective agreement.
Mot à traduire
Traduction
Breakeven point
seuil de rentabilité
Broker
courtier
Budget
budget
Cash register
caisse enregistreuse
Common stock
actions ordinaires
Estate
propriété, succession
Financing
financement
Finished goods
produits finis
Group insurance
assurance groupe
Health insurance plan
régime d’assurance-maladie
Lease
location
Leave
congé
Loss
perte
Minimum wage
salaire minimum
Mutual fund
fonds mutuel, fonds commun de placement
Net worth
valeur nette
Printed form
formulaire imprimé
Promotion
promotion
Seniority
ancienneté
Shortage
pénurie, rareté
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Exercice 1.24 Chercher des termes relatifs à l’informatique
1.
Mot à chercher
Traduction
Character
caractère
Chip
puce, micropuce
Computer
ordinateur
Data base
base de données
Facsimile
télécopie
Graphics
graphique(s), graphisme
Hardware
matériel informatique
Keypad
pavé numérique
Microcomputer
micro-ordinateur
Modem
modem
Mouse
souris
Mot à chercher
2.
Traduction
Bit
bit
Commande
command
Curseur
cursor
Disque
disk
Disque dur
hard disk
Disquette
diskette, floppy disk
Données
data
Imprimante
printer
Logiciel
software
Mémoire
memory
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Mot à traduire
Traduction
Backup copy
copie de sécurité
Boot (to)
mettre l’ordinateur sous tension
Bug
problème dans un logiciel, bogue
Byte
octet
Character
caractère
Chip
puce, micropuce
Computer
ordinateur
Keypad
pavé numérique
Monitor
moniteur, écran
Peripherals
périphériques
Printer
imprimante
RAM (Random Access Memory)
mémoire vive
ROM (Read Only Memory)
mémoire morte
Spreadsheet
tableur
Word processing
traitement de texte
Truc
mnémotechnique
Exercice 1.26 Insérer des termes relatifs à l’informatique
1. A disk drive is used to read floppy disks.
2. The computer, the printer, and the mouse are components of a hardware system.
3. The monitor and the printer are peripherals of a computer.
4. A spreadsheet can be used to create graphs.
5. A diskette is an external support for data.
6. A network is a group of linked computers.
7. It is possible to download software from an internet site.
8. To format a diskette means to erase all data on it.
9. The word processor is used to write letters.
10. It is easier to use the keypad to enter numbers into a computer.
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Exercice 1.27 Rechercher des termes relatifs au monde des affaires
Mot à chercher
Traduction
Découvert
overdraft
Achat à crédit
hire purchase
Acquittement
acquittal, discharge, acquittance
Acquitter
to acquit, to pay
Actuaire
actuary
Affectation (attribution)
allotment, appointment
Affréter
to charter
Affréteur
charterer
Année civile
calendar year
Annuité
annual payment
Arbitrage
arbitration
Aubaine
windfall
Banque à charte
charter bank
Banque d’épargne
saving bank
Prime
bonus
Budgétaire
budgetary
Capitalisation
capitalization
Capitalisme
capitalism
Cargaison
cargo, freight
Carte de pointage
clock card
Cautionnement
guarantee
Cession
transfer
Chambre forte
strong-room (ou strong room), safety vault
Chargement
loading
Charte
charter
Chèque au porteur
bearer cheque
Chèque en blanc
blank cheque
Chiffre d’affaires
turnover
Clause
clause
Codification
codification
Collusion
collusion
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Mot à chercher
Traduction
Comptant
cash
Compte
count (ou account suivant le sens)
Concurrence
competition
Connaissement
bill of lading
Consolidation
consolidation, funding
Contentieux (litige)
contentious, disagreement
Contrôle
checking, control
Copropriété
co-ownership
Cotisation
subscription
Coûts d’exploitation
operating costs
Coûts variables
variable costs
Couverture
float, cover
Couverture des risques
risk insurance coverage
Créance
debt
Crédibilité
credibility
Crédit hypothécaire
mortgage
Créditeur
creditor, customer in credit
Cycle comptable
accounting cycle
Déclaration sous serment
affidavit
Défalcation
abatement
Défalquer
deduct
Dégrèvement
tax credit
Dépréciation
depreciation, allowance, loss in value
Devise
foreign currency
Diagramme
chart
Droit d’auteur
copyright, royalty
Droits de douane
customs duties
Dumping
dumping
Échantillonnage
sampling
Échéance
term, maturity, deadline
Écriture
entry
Embargo
embargo
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Mot à chercher
Traduction
Encart
publicity, advertising insert
Enregistrement
registration, partnership agreement
Essentiel
essential
Éventualité
contingency
Fabricant
manufacturer
Ferme (adj.)
firm, not negotiable
Fonds mutuels
mutual fund
Écart
gap
Franchisé
franchisee, franchising
Fret
cargo, freight
Gaspillage
waste
Gratification
bonus, compensation
Greffier
clerk
Honoraires
fees, compensation
Huissier
usher, bailiff
Incorporation
incorporation
Index, mettre à l’index
index, to blacklist (somebody or something)
Infrastructure
infrastructure
Injonction
injunction, command
Interclasser
to collate
Jugement
judgment
Justificatif (adj.)
supporting
Kilométrage
mileage
Kilométrer
to mark with milestones
Krach
crash
Livraison différée
back order
Location
rental
Mandataire
proxy, broker, attorney, agent
Mandater
to appoint
Manutentionnaire
packer
Négociateur
negotiator
Norme
standard
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Mot à chercher
Traduction
Optimal
optimal
Optimum
optimum
Option
option, election
Optionnel
optional
Pièce justificative
written proof, voucher
Prix de base
base price, cost base
Prix de gros
wholesale price
Prix de revient
cost price
Profit net
income
Quote-part
share, dividend
Récépissé
receipt, warehouse receipt
Recette
receipt, revenue
Remboursement
drawback, liquidation, payment, redemption, reimbursement,
retirement
Secteur primaire
primary sector
Société de fiducie
trust company
Souscripteur
payer, policyholder, subscriber
Stock
inventory
Sursis
extension, grace
Syndic
syndic, trustee in bankruptcy
Taux d’escompte
discount rate
Trafic
racket
Traite
bill of exchange
Trésorerie
cash and cash equivalents, cash position
Troc
barter transaction
Prix unitaire
unit price
Unité monétaire
monetary unit
Urgence
urgency
Valeur aux livres
book value (valeur comptable)
Virement
carry forward, direct deposit, transfer, negotiability
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Exercice 1.28 Mémoriser différentes expressions
1. It depends on
2. I admit that
3. It would be unfair
4. At this moment, in time
5. Both
6. In the meantime
7. To keep in touch
8. I cannot possibly do it
9. To try to reach
10. It is clear that
11. It is for this reason that
12. To take into account
13. At the moment
14. Likewise
15. Under no obligation
16. May I remind you that
17. To my mind
18. Like you, I believe that
19. To place an order
20. On behalf of
21. You must not forget to mention;
be sure to mention
22. To be wrong
23. I have no particular views
24. I advise you to
25. In the years to come
26. It is true that
27. In my own point of view
28. It might not be a bad idea to
29. As you asked me to; as requested
30. It is incorrect to say that
31. I do not agree with you
32. Unfortunately, I cannot
33. One may suppose that
34. At the time
35. I cannot help thinking that
Test diagnostique (voir le corrigé au début de ce chapitre.)
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Chapitre 2 – The parts of speech / Les parties du discours
Test diagnostique
A) Les noms
1. a few
2. a lot of
3. much
4. less
5. ---- (pas de déterminant)
6. ladies'
7. Smith's
8. women's
9. businesses
10. businessmen
11. boxes
12. beliefs
13. computer exhibition
14. dining room furniture
15. telephone number
B) Les pronoms
1. she
2. They
3. What
4. those
5. who
6. yourself ou yourselves
7. which ou that
8. his
9. Someone ou Somebody
10. whom ou who
C) Les gérondifs et infinitifs
1. singing
2. to go
3. writing
4. speaking
5. to leave
6. replacing
7. to be
8. seeing
9. resigning
10. to make
D) Les adjectifs et adverbes
11. taller
12. beautiful
13. well
14. again
15. least
16. best
17. fast
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18. I understand that you have never been to the Yukon before.
19. Could you bring me some good, red, Italian wine?
20. It is a real pleasure to show you my new office.
E) Les prépositions et conjonctions
1. on
2. around
3. up
4. at
5. among
6. but
7. when
8. before
9. and
10. although
F) Les articles
I am enclosing a list of goods to be added to the order I gave to your sales representative, Mr.
Colin Black. Please ship the complete order as early as possible by --- CPR transport services.
I hope that the credit reference form mailed on --- January 10 is satisfactory. As suggested, I will
pay $400 when I receive the goods and ask you to allow me the usual discount for --- ou an early
payment. I would appreciate receiving a confirmation of these conditions by e-mail.
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Exercise 2.1 Recognizing countable and uncountable nouns
1. many
2. a few
3. many
4. Some
5. A few
6. many
7. many
8. a lot of
9. a few
10. some
11. a little
13. a lot of
14. many
15. a little
12. many
Exercise 2.2 Practising plural noun forms
1. sopranos
2. garages
3. matches
4. muzzles
5. holidays
6. committees
7. Gibsons
8. gentlemen
9. jackets
10. oxen
11. apartments
12. ladies
13. streets
14. credit cards
15. cities
16. boxes
17. towns
18. buses
19. addresses
20. switches
21. invoices
22. Jacks
23. memos
24. tomatoes
25. altos
26. cheques
27. personalities
28. erasers
29. lawyers
30. Suzys
31. fathers-in-law
32. bank accounts
33. grandmothers
34. teeth
35. children
36. Sirs
37. books
38. princesses
39. computers
40. Jacksons
41. pencils
42. printers
43. knives
44. beliefs
45. accounts
46. glasses
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47. princes
48. mysteries
49. alleys
50. customers
51. halves
52. employees
53. congresses
54. radios
55. puzzles
56. envelopes
57. mixes
58. specimens
Exercise 2.3 Making possessive forms
1. Smiths´
2. snake´s
3. Julius´
4. women´s
5. ladies´
6. Students´
7. brother´s
8. People´s
9. accountant’s
10. Dr. Morgan´s secretary´s
Exercise 2.4 Changing into the possessive form
1. My friend´s apartment is on the sixth floor.
2. The students´ books are very expensive.
3. The ladies´ bathroom is downstairs on the right.
4. Dr. Wagner´s secretary speaks three languages.
5. Terry can be a man´s or woman´s name.
6. In that store, women´s clothing is reasonably priced.
7. The president´s birthday will not go unannounced.
8. The Marcus family´s cottage will be renovated in the spring.
9. The children´s dinner will get cold if they don't eat soon.
10. If you use the men´s bathroom, please remember to turn off the lights when you leave.
Exercise 2.5 Forming compound nouns
1. The head office of that investment company is in Winnipeg.
2. My brother paid me a surprise visit last Saturday.
3. I will have to open a new bank account when I move to Ottawa.
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4. Kate has been doing office work for the past two years.
5. I always drink orange juice at breakfast.
6. There are some good sources of mineral water in those mountains.
7. Her father had a heart attack when he was only 50 years old.
8. Clark Gable was a famous film star in the 1930s.
9. You'll have to go to the post office to send that parcel.
10. My parents are great fans of country music.
Exercise 2.6 Forming compound nouns
1. There are two book store s 2 in the shopping mall.
2. After that incident, the government introduced a new law on gun control
3. How many race horse s 2 does he own?
4. I saw some fantastic boots in that new shoe store on Dunbar Avenue.
5. She had always wanted to drive a sport s 3 car.
Exercise 2.7 Practising more compound nouns
1. credit card
2. labour (or work) market
3. computer game s 2
4. parking lot ou car park
5. dining room furniture
6. dog food
7. chicken pie s 2
8. road work ou road repair s 2
2. C’est le deuxième nom qui prend le pluriel.
3. Sports au pluriel a un sens plus général que sport au singulier; le deuxième nom car garde le singulier après l'article
indéfini a.
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9. surprise birthday party
10. department store
Exercise 2.8 Practising the use of personal pronouns
1. I saw Gail this morning. I told her to call you back.
2. Could you repeat to me your telephone number? I missed the area code.
3. Mr. Brown is out of town. He will be back on Monday, and he asked me to cancel his
appointments so it is impossible to see him.
4. Jane and Sandra look tired. They should get some rest before we work on the budget. Ask
Bobby to talk to them.
5. Cindy wants you to type a letter. Could you call and tell her if you have time to take care of
it.
Exercise 2.9 Using the right possessive pronouns
1. hers
2. theirs
3. his
4. mine
5. yours
6. hers
7. ours
8. his
9. yours
10. Theirs
Exercise 2.10 Using the right pronoun
1. itself
2. your
3. theirs
4. hers
5. mine
6. its
7. his
8. ourselves
9. mine
10. her
Exercise 2.11 Using the right pronoun: demonstrative or indefinite
1. These books on the desk are mine; those over there on the teacher´s desk are yours.
2. For the most effective work, everyone/everybody should care about all the other team members.
3. When I arrived at the office this morning, nobody/no one was there so I was alone.
4. Someone/somebody may have erased the letter from the computer files since I am not able
to find it.
5. Could you tell me what you would answer to this/that ?
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Exercise 2.12 Using the right pronoun: interrogative or relative
1. The house that you bought is new.
2. What is your telephone number?
3. To whom should we deliver your order?
4. The employee who was replacing the receptionist quit yesterday.
5. Could you tell me whose (coats) are in the conference room?
Exercise 2.13 Practising more pronouns
1. Paula is not at the office. She was sick when she got up. So she phoned and asked to cancel
all her appointments.
2. Study by yourselves/yourself quietly.
3. The man who is singing is my husband.
4. I noticed the hat that Mark was wearing at the party.
5. Her skirt is blue; mine/yours/hers is red.
6. This/that is the only solution.
7. The girl whom Paul was talking about is not married.
8. You bought yourself a nice shirt.
9. These exercises are easy; those are tough.
10. I drove my son to baseball practice. Where is yours/his/hers/theirs going?
Exercise 2.14 Applying verb agreement
1. is
2. travels
3. like
4. eats
5. are
6. meets
7. has
8. has
10. wants
11. enjoy
14. are
15. looks
9. is
13. wait
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12. is
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Exercise 2.15 Using a gerund or an infinitive
1. to come
2. speaking
3. turning off
4. writing
5. to watch
6. dancing
7. to take
8. to get
9. leaving
10. getting up
Exercise 2.16 Practising more gerunds and infinitives
1. to go
2. to visit
3. use
4. to be
5. your coming
6. starting
7. Skiing
8. to play
9. do
10. singing
Exercise 2.17 Expanding your vocabulary
strength:
strong
nature:
natural
curiosity:
curious
navy:
naval
growth:
grown, growing
necessity:
necessary
height:
high
need:
needful
humidity:
humid
negotiation:
negotiable
generosity:
generous
pay:
payable
infection:
infectious
politics:
political
length:
long
quantity:
quantitative
leaf:
leafy
relaxation:
relaxing
depth:
deep
revocation:
revocable
lightness:
light
week:
weekly
graphic:
graphic
quality:
qualitative
market:
marketable
sand:
sandy
grease:
greasy
revision:
revisable
Exercise 2.18 Practising word order
1. Harry is my young brother.
2. Kevin possesses a big house.
3. Paul bought her a beautiful ring.
4. This is a wooden table.
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5. I apologize for the bad service.
6. The wise cat is looking for the nervous squirrel.
7. It is a great pleasure to receive you in our new home.
8. The rocky road led us to this delightful restaurant.
9. My lazy friend is not able to find a new job.
10. I appreciate red wine with a romantic supper.
Exercise 2.19 Formulating sentences with more than one adjective
1. I have seen that boring, long, American movie twice.
2. I saw your small, young, Greek sister-in-law at my party.
3. Could you bring me a good, white, Italian bread?
4. Grandma is preparing me hot, thick, home-made pea soup.
5. Fern has a new, European leather watch band.
6. I bought the attractive, expensive, modern house I told you about.
7. Bob has beautiful, healthy, brown hair.
8. This is my brand-new, red wool skirt.
9. This employee has vast, international, marketing experience.
10. My pet is a short, slim, brown dog.
11. I bought an old-fashioned, Spanish, wooden kitchen set.
12. I prefer spicy, thick tomato spaghetti sauce.
13. I hope to buy a used, silver fur coat.
14. Could you pour me another delicious, black, Colombian coffee?
15. We followed a small, young, white rabbit in the woods.
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Exercise 2.20 Making compound adjectives
1. This is a fifty-dollar cheque.
2. Next week you will have your two-day vacation.
3. You will receive your long-overdue pay tomorrow.
4. I need an up-to-date document.
5. This is a well-organized employee.
Exercise 2.21 Using indefinite adjectives
1. He never does any office work at the weekend.
2. Do you have some fresh flowers?
3. I'll probably do some bookkeeping on Wednesday morning.
4. Sorry, we don't have any staplers at the moment.
5. Every employee is expected to arrive on time at this meeting.
6. Each winner was presented with a gold plaque.
7. She wears silver bands on each wrist.
8. She doesn't have much money at the moment.
9. There aren't many employees who take holidays during the winter.
10. Can you speak many languages?
11. Do you have much knowledge of French?
12. I'm so glad she passed the exam. At least she has a little confidence in herself now.
13. Unfortunately, he had very few correct answers in the test.
14. She's feeling very lonely because she has made few friends at work.
15. The problem is that the company has little experience in this area.
16. During the meeting, he provided a few solutions that were well received.
17. Unfortunately, there is no possibility that the strike will end before the Christmas holidays.
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18. I have known those two families all my life.
19. Since they have made no payments since last July, all future orders will be C.O.D.
20. Some students complained that the exam was too difficult; but other students found it quite
easy.
Exercise 2.22 Using possessive adjectives
1. Mary often helps Luke with his homework after school.
2. Sarah and I are looking forward to telling you about our recent holiday in Mexico.
3. Visitors are asked to park their cars at the back of the parking lot.
4. Have you seen my budget file? I seem to have misplaced it.
5. Each homeowner is responsible for keeping his or her insurance policy up to date.
6. One should be careful never to give one's credit card number to a stranger.
7. I'm calling to inform you that your special order has arrived.
8. The museum opened in 1998 and its first exhibition attracted over 50,000 visitors.
9. Ms. Webster has gone to Paris to visit her uncle, aunt and cousins.
10. The Morgans have just sold their country cottage in the Laurentiens.
Exercise 2.23 Using demonstrative adjectives
1. That book belongs to the teacher; this book is mine.
2. Do you remember that meeting last December, when we were told the companies were going
to merge?
3. These days, there is so much traffic that it takes me at least an hour to get to work.
4. I'd like one of those chocolate pastries over there.
5. In this report, we are going to compare results over the past three years.
6. Can you see those two cruise ships on the horizon?
7. That assignment was very difficult. I'm glad it's over.
8. Take a close look at these results. It seems that our store is experiencing difficulty.
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9. Those office chairs are dreadful! I really prefer these ones.
10. In those days, people didn't have to worry about checking their e-mails every day!
Exercise 2.24 Using interrogative adjectives
1. Which colour do you prefer? Midnight blue, jet black or metallic grey?
2. What colours do these shoes come in?
3. Which way do I go when I get to the bottom of the road?4
4. Whose car were you driving? Your personal car or the company car?
5. What colour are her eyes?
6. Do we know whose luggage this is? I can't see a name tag on it.
7. Which cashier served you yesterday?
8. What type of films do you prefer?
9. We must first find out whose keys they are.
10. Which university in Ottawa did you attend?
Exercise 2.25 Placing the adverb in a sentence
1. I never heard that you would be in Montreal tomorrow.
2. He should also take a one-week vacation during the month.
3. They work fast when the boss is in the office.
4. Suzy is also a reliable employee.
5. I will speak professionally during the meeting.
Exercise 2.26 Using again, still, and yet
1. The air-conditioning in room 234 has not (yet) been repaired yet.
2. Room 547 is still occupied. The guest will leave next Friday.
3. The restaurant opened again (or reopened) this morning. It closed last week.
4. Il est entendu que le choix est limité à « droit », « gauche » ou « tout droit ».
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4. The newsstand has a 24-hour business schedule so it is still open at this time.
5. The guest will come again next week. He made his reservation this morning.
6. Paula made the same mistake again. I think she doesn´t feel very well this month.
7. I am still balancing the cash. Nothing balances today.
8. We have not (yet) reserved the room yet. We don´t know when will be our vacation.
9. I still have a pain in my leg. I should see a doctor because I have felt it since Monday.
10. Could you help me again? I am not able to find the guest´s bill.
11. If she is still sleeping, the chambermaid has not (yet) made the room yet.
12. Joan has not yet divorced (yet); she is still married.
13. Could you repeat that again? I missed your address.
14. Don´t play outside; it is still raining!
15. The guest has not (yet) complained yet, but we forgot to deliver his newspaper again.
Exercise 2.27 Recognizing comparative and superlative forms
1. more luxurious
2. more beautiful, more comfortable
3. cheaper
4. the most elegant, (the most) sophisticated
5. most affordable
Exercise 2.28 Practising more superlative and comparative forms
(Examples only; your answers may differ.)
1. cutest
2. friendly, playful, smarter
3. smaller, gentler
4. faithful, best
Exercise 2.29 Using more superlative and comparative forms
(examples only; your answers may differ)
1. faster
2. more slowly
3. oldest
4. cheaper, more expensive
5. easier
6. smallest
7. less expensive
8. best
9. more enthusiastically
10. worse
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Exercise 2.30 Using the right comparison: inferiority or equality
1. The blue pencil writes worse than the red one.
2. Bobby´s office is as functional as Mary´s.
3. The items on invoice 34 are less expensive than those on invoice 98.
4. The 486 computer is less fast than/slower than the pentium.
5. Being a secretary is as nice as being an accountant.
Exercise 2.31 Using the right preposition of place or direction
1. I will be in Ottawa next week.
2. You can find invoice 547 among the others on my desk.
3. Mr. Robinson is out of the office for the morning. He will be back at one.
4. I was at the office two days ago, but I had three meetings.
5. The budget for the year is in the envelope in the first drawer of the file.
6. I am going to the restaurant for my lunch.
7. He looked bothered, pacing around the conference table.
8. I prefer to sit between you and Harry during the meeting.
Exercise 2.32 Using the right preposition of place
1. The US President lives at the White House in Washington.
2. The hotel is at 456 Main Street in Toronto.
3. Magog is in Québec.
4. Canada is in North America.
5. You can find the theatre on Wellington Street.
6. To which address should I deliver the gift?
7. My parents are living in Hollywood in Florida.
8. We are having a party where I live, on Green Street.
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9. George´s house is at 340 Harry Boulevard, Ottawa.
10. I prefer living in Canada to living in the United States.
Exercise 2.33 Using the right preposition of time
1. I would like to see you on Monday at 4 oćlock.
2. Could you tell me if you are available on February 10?
3. I plan to finish this project in 2002.
4. We can´t downhill ski in summertime.
5. I will probably be home at night.
6. I´d prefer that you come in the afternoon or at 8 o’clock in the evening.
7. I can´t believe people were happy in the 17th century.
8. My birthday is in December, exactly on the 25th.
9. Is it possible to do that on Friday?
10. Could you get the budget on the first of next month?
Exercise 2.34 Using more prepositions
1. in
2. from, to
3. through
4. on
6. on
7. down
8. in
9. to
13. in
14. on
11. at
12. up
5. during, on
10. on
15. out of
Exercise 2.35 Supplying the right preposition
1. We will be able to do the report within the next week.
2. My car is parked on the street in front of your office.
3. Go up to the top floor; Mrs. Brown´s office is the first door on your left.
4. The previous years´ documents have been taken to my boss´s garage.
5. I will stay at the front desk; therefore, I will take care of the telephone calls during lunch
time.
6. Your writing looks like mine.
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7. If you go down the stairs, you will find the cafeteria on the first floor.
8. Could you phone me at the number mentioned below/above my signature.
Exercise 2.36 Choosing the right conjunction
1. I would like to spend more time on that work, but I am not available tonight.
2. I will finish writing those cheques after I go for my ten-minute break.
3. You will go where Bobby was this morning.
4. Sarah will call you back when she returns from lunch.
5. I plan to take the plane to go to that meeting, and I will return by train.
6. Sandra was taking care of the customer while Hugo took care of the visitors.
7. Although you are good employees, do not think about a salary increase this year.
8. If I were not so busy, I would go to that new products show in Toronto.
Exercise 2.37 Identifiyng strong and mild interjections
1. Ah, now I understand what you meant. (
2. Well, what do you say? (
M )
M )
3. Hey! Watch where you’re going! ( S )
4. Oh, may be we should reschedule the meeting. (
5. Ahen! that is my seat your sitting on! ( S
6. Wow! That’s a great news! ( S
M )
)
)
7. Oh no! I forgot to return his call. ( S )
8. Gosh! I lost my credit card. ( S
9. Alas, he is gone now. (
)
M )
10. Hourray! I won to the lottery! ( S
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Exercise 2.38 Using articles
1. A
2. A, an
3. a
4. An, an
6. a
7. a
8. an
9. a
10. an
14. a
15. an
11. an, a
12. an, a
13. a
5. a
Exercise 2.39 Choosing the right article: definite or indefinite
1. a
2. an
3. The, a
4. /
6. The
7. A
8. the
9. /, an
5. an
10. The, an
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Chapitre 3 – Verb conjugation / La conjugaison des verbes
Test diagnostique
A) Les auxiliaires
1. Verbe
2. Verbe
3. Auxiliaire
4. Verbe
5. Auxiliaire
6. Auxiliaire
7. Verbe
8. Auxiliaire
9. Verbe
10. Auxiliaire
B) Les temps simples
1. wants
2. has
3. is
4. wishes
6. walked
7. brought
8. knew
9. left
5. tries
10. forgot
C) Les temps progressifs et les temps composés avec le participe passé
1. have approved
2. am planning
3. has not sent
4. was watching
5. had completed
6. was (he) doing
7. am driving
8. has visited
9. was listening
10. has been writing
D) La concordance des temps
1. When I got my first job, I was seventeen years old.
2. When we receive an answer, we will let you know.
3. Four employees greeted the visitors and two took their coats. ou
Four employees were greeting the visitors and two were taking their coats.
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4. Yesterday, I finished the report.
5. Last week, we went to the conference in New York.
E) Les auxiliaires modaux
1. Can
2. should
3. have to
4. Will
6. should
7. can
8. May
9. Would
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5. had better
10. might
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Exercise 3.1 Recognizing the auxiliary and the verb
1. We have been at this conference twice.
A
2. You are a good student.
V
3. She was sleeping when the telephone rang.
A
4. I had been working for twenty years.
A, A
5. He is the best employee we ever hired.
V
6. The table has been moved into another room.
A, A
7. This cheque has no signature.
V
8. They are looking for the last budget report.
A
9. Sandra has given pretty good lectures so far.
A
10. I do not know if I am the right candidate for this new job.
V
Exercise 3.2 Making present participles
1. hit: hitting
2. leave: leaving
3. plan: planning
4. believe: believing
5. carry: carrying
6. sing: singing
7. happen: happening
8. run: running
9. travel: traveling or travelling
10. try: trying
Exercise 3.3 Making the past participle
1. to be: been
2. to get: got, gotten
3. to sing: sung
4. to transfer: transferred
5. to speak: spoken
6. to have: had
7. to mention: mentioned
8. to confirm: confirmed
9. to cry: cried
10. to travel: traveled, travelled
11. to scrabble: scrabbled
12. to happen: happened
13. to enlarge: enlarged
14. to wash: washed
15. to lock: locked
16. to oblige: obliged
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Exercise 3.4 Using the third person singular of the simple, present tense
1. forgets
2. melts
3. spends
4. takes
5. resembles
6. wishes
7. flies
8. goes
9. changes
10. teaches
Exercise 3.5 Using the simple present tense with adverbs
1. You should always look twice before crossing the street.
2. He doesn´t usually drink beer.
3. Renée frequently prepares supper for her family.
4. Albert is often the last person to arrive at meetings.
5. Vegetarians don´t ever eat meat.
Exercise 3.6 Practising the simple past
1. extinguished
2. wore
3. omitted
4. developed
5. dropped
6. read
7. occurred
8. left
10. caught
11. wrapped
12. stood
14. kept
15. married
9. did
13. broke
Exercise 3.7 Using the future
1. We will deliver your order next Tuesday.
2. Next month, you will train another employee.
3. I will mail you a copy of the letter tomorrow.
4. She will get the office furniture this Friday.
5. George will have a month vacation next year.
Exercise 3.8 Using the present continuous tense
1. is helping
2. is working
3. are gathering
4. is writing
5. is studying
6. is sitting
7. are building
8. is listening
9. is discussing
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10. are looking
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Exercise 3.9 Using the right verb tense
1. While (As) I was walking on the street, I found some money. I was walking on the street
when I found some money.
2. While (As) she was opening a can, she cut her finger. She was opening a can when she cut her
finger.
3. While (As) I was sleeping, the alarm clock rang. I was sleeping when the alarm clock rang.
4. While (As) he was waiting for the bus, he saw his friend. He was waiting for the bus when he
saw his friend.
5. While (As) he was drinking wine, he spilled some on his shirt. He was drinking wine when
he spilled some on his shirt.
Exercise 3.10 Using the right verb tense
1. was painting, saw
2. left, was still raining
3. was taking, rang
4. was walking, dropped
5. seemed
6. were just leaving, called
7. hurt, was playing
8. were having, visited
9. bit
10. were watching, fell asleep
Exercise 3.11 Practising the future continuous
1. Tomorrow at noon, I will be eating with the company´s most important customer.
2. At 7 Saturday morning, you will be flying to the conference in Ottawa.
3. Next week at this time, we will be planning our budget for next year.
4. Tomorrow morning, I will not be at the office. At 9:30, I will be meeting a candidate to
replace the receptionist for her maternity leave.
5. Do not call Sarah before noon. Since she is on vacation, she will be sleeping at 8 oćlock
every morning during the next week.
Exercise 3.12 Inserting the right verb tense
1. takes
2. has done
3. am reading
4. works
5. have heard
6. pays
7. have made
8. comes
9. is living, lives
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Exercise 3.13 Choosing the appropriate verb tense
1. lived
2. has lived
3. has traveled
4. traveled
5. visited
6. have never visited
7. broke down
8. has broken down
9. has finally finished
10. finished
Exercise 3.14 Using the appropriate verb tense
1. arrived
2. saw, had just graduated
3. had already eaten, arrived
4. had had, arrived
5. entered, had already completed
6. introduced, asked
7. had moved, met
8. had just turned off, heard
9. told, had already prepared
10. was, had driven
Exercise 3.15 Using the future perfect
1. I will have begun to write these cheques by 11 this morning.
2. Ken will have finished using the conference room by 2 oćlock this afternoon.
3. She will have eaten by 11:30 so she will call for the appointment.
4. We will have solved these problems by the end of the day.
5. You will have worked 50 hours by the end of the month.
Exercise 3.16 Choosing the appropriate verb tense
1. have known
2. has taken
3. has found
4. has worked, has been working
5. has been
6. has dated, has been dating
7. have spent
8. has gone
9. have had, have been having
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10. has waited, has been waiting
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Exercise 3.17 Choosing the past perfect or the past perfect continuous
1. had been watching
2. had finished
3. had had
4. had never heard
5. had already started
6. had left
7. had been walking
8. had sent
9. had closed
10. had checked
Exercise 3.18 Choosing the right form of the future
1. will fly, will be flying
2. will be living
3. will be
4. will have finished
5. will form, will be forming
6. will be walking
7. will get, will be getting
8. will sell, will have sold
9. will write, will be writing
10. will have been working, will have worked.
Exercise 3.19 Using different tenses
1. came
2. had seen
3. remembers
4. have seen
5. will have sold
6. had
7. has been living
8. know
9. is starting
10. has been donating
11. have finally finished
12. Had you looked
13. Have you understood
14. has smoked
15. had arrived
Exercise 3.20 Practising more tenses
1. had already spoken
2. circles
3. won, has not been
4. left, was blowing
5. tells
6. has taught, has been teaching
7. will be waiting, arrive
8. have been
9. had looked
10. is living
11. was going
12. will be wearing
13. have been
14. works
15. had
Exercise 3.21 Practising still more tenses
1. a) They built their own boat last year.
b) They will build their own boat next summer.
c) They will have built their own boat by the end of the year.
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2. a) She's taken her holidays in June for the past ten years.
b) She took her holidays in June last year.
3. a) They were having an argument when we arrived.
b) They had had an argument (had been arguing) before we arrived.
4. a) He had worked for the ACME Corporation before he found a job with ZIPCO.
b) He is working for the ACME Corporation right now.
c) He has worked for the ACME Corporation since 1979. or
He has been working for the ACME Corporation since 1979.
5. a) Mr. Davis will have completed the project by September 10.
b) Mr. Davis will complete the project if nothing goes wrong.
Exercise 3.22 Recognizing the agreement of verb tenses
1. I. ... I will go to Greece.
2. I. ...Tomorrow the workers will arrive at eight thirty.
3. C.
4. I. ...which I had never tasted.
5. C.
6. C.
7. C.
8. C.
9. C.
10. I. ... greeted... (or will greet)
11. I. ... that she will be...
12. I. ... I can never...
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Exercise 3.23 Using modal auxiliaries
1. have to, must, should, ought to
2. May (Can: acceptable in speaking)
3. has to, must, should, ought to
4. could
5. has to be, must be, should be
6. could, might, may
7. May (Can)
8. should, ought to
9. must, have to, had better
10. Would
11. can, should, ought to
12. must, has to, had better, should
13. should, must, had better, ought to, have to
14. had better, must, should, ought to
15. had better, must, ought to, should, have to
16. must, have to, had better, should
17. would
18. should, ought to
19. must, could
20. can, may
Exercise 3.24 Recognizing transitive and intransitive verbs
1. You will teach a new lesson today.
T
2. I disagree with the committee decision.
I
3. George thanks you very much for your help.
T
4. She told you the truth.
T
5. Joan is decorating her new apartment.
T
6. I fell on the stairs when I arrived this morning.
I, I
7. You deserve a break today.
T
8. The answer I will give will depend on you.
T, I
9. This afternoon, I will type faster than this morning.
I
10. Harry is describing to her the tasks that she will do.
T, T
Exercise 3.25 Practising conditional clauses, type A
1. will explain, explains
2. return
4. gets, will get
5. tell
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Exercise 3.26 Using conditional clauses, type B
1. were
2. would go
4. would buy
5. asked
3. wore
Exercise 3.27 Practising conditional clauses, type C
1. had left
2. would not have gone
4. had studied
5. would have asked
3. would still have
Exercise 3.28 Practising more conditional clauses
1. b
2. d
3. b
4. a
5. c
Exercise 3.29 Using more conditional clauses
1. will give
2. would be
3. do not ask
4. had been
5. would have become
6. will write
7. would take up
8. will visit
9. had seen
10. does not feel
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Chapitre 4 – Sentence forms / Les formes de phrases
Test diagnostique
A) Les phrases aux formes active et passive
1. The plan was rejected by the committee.
2. That magazine was started fifty years ago (by the editor).
3. The meeting will be called to order at 7 p.m. (by the chairman).
4. A delicious buffet was served at the 2004 retirees' reunion.
5. A meeting is called every month by the school board.
6. Wayne discovered the truth about the merger.
7. A specialist should give a second opinion.
8. Mary's mother had not signed the consent form.
9. All math and science teachers in the school should attend the conference.
10. The president had already given his letter of resignation.
B) Les phrases aux formes déclarative et interrogative
1. Did they both keep their promises? ou
Did both of them keep their promises?
2. I cannot (ou can't) go to Halifax next week.
3. This type of event does not (ou doesn't) often happen in Canada.
4. Did she finish typing the report this morning?
5. This camera was not (ou wasn't) made in China.
6. They examined the calculator carefully before buying it.
7. Does this teacher usually give hard tests?
8. Did she live in Japan all her life?
9. Mr. Smith did not agree with the other members of the committee.
10. My new salary is not (ou isn't) retroactive to May 1.
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Exercise 4.1 Recognizing personal and impersonal sentences
1. I will go to the bank to do the week deposit.
P I
2. It is the right solution.
P I
3. Nick has got new office furniture.
P I
4. There is a new employee in the administration office.
P I
5. Jennifer will take care of the telephone calls this afternoon.
P I
Exercise 4.2 Changing into passive voice
1. The proposal is being considered by them right now.
2. The novel was written by John Jones in 1929.
3. The food will be distributed shortly by the organizers.
4. An answer has already been given by Terry.
5. The letter had not been signed by him.
6. This letter can be typed by Sarah.
7. The baby was being fed by Paul.
8. You should be examined by a doctor.
9. The sheet has been found by George.
10. Ten engineers are employed by that firm.
Exercise 4.3 Formulating passive voice sentences
1. The teacher has corrected the assignments.
2. A qualified technician did the repairs.
3. The workmen were loading the truck.
4. His employees don´t respect him.
5. I found a ring.
6. You (or Anyone) can see that painting at the Louvre.
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7. You (or People) eat Chinese food with chopsticks.
8. A storm has delayed the flight.
9. Someone had written the report too quickly.
10. A skilled electrician must do the work.
Exercise 4.4 Using right verbs in the passive voice
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. a
Exercise 4.5 Choosing the passive or the active voice
1. will travel
2. were made
3. preparing or to prepare
4. bought
5. was
6. returned
7. were packed
8. were forgotten
9. be exchanged
10. will pick up or is going to pick up
Exercise 4.6 Making the negative form
1. You should not drive your car more slowly.
2. Joan has not stayed in Florida since 1987.
3. I was not preparing my exam when Thomas returned home.
4. We will not get new prices next month.
5. The window did not break when the ball hit it.
6. You could not spend a thousand dollars at the casino.
7. I did not find this ring in the office.
8. They were not eating the chocolate cake when Gail phoned.
9. She is not the prettiest woman in this town.
10. You ought not to study even though you have no exam.
11. Mary must not think twice before talking.
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12. There were not three coats on that desk five minutes ago.
13. Jonathan had not been in Mexico three times before I went there once.
14. We did not begin the fifth lesson last week.
15. Charlie did not pay more than a hundred dollars for his new suit.
16. Karin is not going to California for her next vacation.
17. I do not like to swim in a lake.
18. Jack has not seen this girl only once before.
19. I would not prefer to have a soft drink instead of a coffee.
20. We will not show you our new house tomorrow.
Exercise 4.7 Making yes/no questions
1. Did Maria borrow your purse for her party?
2. Were we walking on the sidewalk when the accident happened?
3. Has Harry been a good helper for that job?
4. Did you call your sister in order to ask her point of view?
5. Had you bought your house before you got married?
6. Is she preparing supper at the moment?
7. Was John in Atlanta yesterday?
8. Do they want to go to the restaurant for the Christmas party?
9. Is there a problem with this bill?
10. Did they see my brother last month?
11. Had the dog already bit Laura when you arrived?
12. Can Harry fill out this form for me?
13. Did you find a new way to solve this problem?
14. Did you get that job easily?
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15. Would she prefer to talk to him?
16. Was it raining when Bob finished fixing the car?
17. Will she be in Montreal tomorrow morning?
18. Might she be sick?
19. Did the telephone ring while John was going to bed?
20. Did Kevin keep that secret until last week?
Exercise 4.8 Making questions with wh-question words
1. Where did you go yesterday?
When did you go to the art gallery?
2. Why should you go to the bed earlier?
3. Who is the best speaker?
4. What does he need?
5. How many sandwiches are you making in the kitchen?
Where are you making three sandwiches?
6. When did the tire blow out?
7. How much did you pay for that kitchen set?
8. When is Bob seventeen?
How old is Bob today?
9. Where were you dancing at two oćlock?
At what time were you dancing at the night club?
10. When did the florist delivered that gift?
11. How does your sister speak?
12. When did Bob and Ginette give a nice party?
What did Bob and Ginette give last summer?
13. Where should William go because he looks sick?
Why should William go to the doctor?
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14. When may I answer the telephone?
15. How many dogs are there on your patio?
Where are the five dogs?
Exercise 4.9 Practising two-word descriptions
1. well-oiled
2. well-guarded
4. well-kept
5. newly obtained.
3. much-hated
Exercise 4.10 Formulating two-word descriptions
1. deer-hunting dog
2. time-consuming activity
3. wind-blown hair
4. thought-provoking article
5. well-dressed woman
Exercise 4.11 Making more two-word descriptions
1. a 30-foot boat
2. a sixty-five-dollar text
3. a nine-foot brook
4. a one-word response
5. a two-hour drive
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Chapitre 5 – Punctuation, abbreviations and numbers /
La ponctuation, les abréviations et les nombres
Test diagnostique
1. The company named the following managers : P eter Finlay from Ottawa , Ontario , and
John Lane from Vancouver , B ritish C olumbia.
2. Have you finished the sales report for J uly ?
3. Wow ! S ales are 25 percent higher this month.
4. By eight , many employees had gathered in the meeting hall and were waiting for the guest
speaker .
5. The instructor said , “ Take a break. “
6. Is L ouise a good , reliable employee ?
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Exercise 5.1 Practising the use of commas
1. /
2. I am confident that next year's conference will be a success, but we have to send out invitations a little earlier.
3. When Amanda went shopping for clothes, she bought a pair of shoes, three pairs of pants,
and four blouses.
4. /
5. The students complained that the course was too hard, the teacher too boring, and the class
period too long.
6. The student, who was both a runner and a chess player, was awarded the first prize for academic achievment.
7. You had better start looking for a part-time job, or you won't have enough money to pay for
your studies.
8. By eight, ninety people had gathered in the meeting hall, waiting anxiously for the guest
speaker.
9. The travelers arrived from their journey hot, tired, and discouraged.
10. You must write your compositions clearly, for your teacher has poor eyesight.
Exercise 5.2 Practising more commas
(examples only)
1. My brother is a cute, funny guy.
2. I have a small car, an inexpensive apartment, and an enjoyable job.
3. I didn't, however, enjoy that movie.
4. Good parents are people who love, teach, and cherish their children.
5. Paul Newman, who is a talented actor, is also a kind man and one whom I admire.
6. Historians, though many people would disagree, have an important contribution to make to
our understanding of the present.
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7. If I had a million dollars, I would buy a new car, a beach house, a new wardrobe, a grand
piano, and a beautiful horse.
8. Using commas can be difficult, but you can learn to do it correctly.
Exercise 5.3 Practising punctuation
(examples only)
1. The Prime Minister said, “We will all benefit from free trade.”
2. I went to New York for my last vacation; I visited the Metropolitan Museum.
3. Everyone should learn the other official language—even if it´s difficult. or
Everyone should learn the other official language, even if it´s difficult.
4. The new song of Madonna is “hot”.
5. Iliana (now living in Singapore) is a lovely, generous, kind, Nicaraguan lady.
6. I must buy the following: pencils, paper, eraser, correction pen, highlighters...
7. “Hello, how are you?”
8. Chinese food (not very fattening) is my favorite food because it´s both healthy and delicious.
Exercise 5.4 Practising capital letters
1. Mother
2. Two
3. Saturday
4. Sanka
5. Geographic
6. summer
7. lawyers
8. Labor Day
9. Rye
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Exercise 5.5 Using capital letters in a letter
Montréal, February 12, 20xx
Mr. Robert Hines
Director of Personnel
Children's Memorial Hospital
1407 Norwood Blvd.
Toronto, Ontario M1X 2R1
Dear Mr. Hines:
I am writing to you regarding an advertisement you placed in Monday´s newspaper for a
part-time childcare worker.
I believe that I am the best candidate for the job. The résumé I have enclosed outlines my years
of experience in childcare settings. I have worked since September 2005 at St. John's Clinic in
Montreal. My supervisor, Mrs. Sandra Bernier, has been very pleased with my performance.
In the fall, I will be studying at Northwood College on a part-time basis, but I am available to
work on Wednesdays and Thursdays. One of the courses I am taking, Education 405, is
entitled Child Development. I am interested in learning as much as I can about children.
Please do not hesitate to contact Mrs. Laura Green from Single Parents Community Daycare
in Ottawa. She will provide you with a character reference. I am anxious to meet with you to
further discuss my qualifications. Please call me at 514 312-2197.
Yours truly,
Johanne Simon
Johanne Simon
1234, avenue Rougemont
Montréal (Québec) H2Z IA7
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Exercise 5.6 Memorizing abbreviations and symbols
1. COD or c.o.d
2. Fri.
3. May
4. Hon.
5. sq. ft.
6. mm
7. Mr.
8. 1st
9. dept.
10. O/S
11. g
12. Ltd.
13. PST
14. par.
15. Sept.
16. Messrs.
17. qty.
18. km
19. AL
20. Jr.
21. ON
22. Dr.
23. YT
24. t
25. Corp.
Exercise 5.7 Choosing the right written form of numbers: figures or words
1. Five dollars are missing on your last payment.
2. I will send you 20 new catalogues, 2 purchase orders, and 1 price list.
3. Are you available to see me on May 23 at 5:30 p.m.?
4. Could you add two more computers to my last order?
5. Harry has received a salary increase of 1 percent.
6. Jeanne will be 30 years and 8 months next week.
7. Should the amount be multiplied by .15025 to include taxes?
8. I will give you four more days to pay the amount due.
9. With the baby they are expecting, they will have eight children!
10. We have not gone to the movies for eleven years.
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Chapitre 6 – English sentences / Les phrases anglaises
Test diagnostique
A) La syntaxe
1. I didn't know which job I wanted, so I decided to consult a career advisor.
2. Learning English is time-consuming, and it takes patience and practice.
3. School is cancelled today because it's snowing too heavily.
4. Having agreed to early retirement, Mr. Smith was presented with a watch at the meeting.
5. The president of the company looked with dismay at the job applicant wearing a dirty shirt
and muddy sneakers.
6. My husband, Wade, having studied engineering at a fine school in Boston, is now working in
Canada. ou
Having studied engineering at a fine school in Boston, my husband, Wade, is now working
in Canada.
B) Style
1. I like going to the cinema, singing and reading
2. I found this book offensive, litigious, and uninteresting (ou boring).
3. The candidate promised to accept the nomination, to work hard, and to win the election.
4. He was told to leave the office and to go home.
5. Many people want neither to exercise nor to eat balanced meals.
6. His report is interesting, clear, and very valuable.
7. My boss calmly explained the grim situation.
8. Ottawa, the capital of Canada, is in Ontario.
9. The parcel to be mailed is on my desk.
10. Ann missed the meeting because she was sick.
11. She arrived late at the office because she had to stop at the garage.
12. While I was (ou she was, ou he was, ou we were, etc.) resting, the telephone rang noisily.
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Exercise 6.1 Identifying verbs and subjects
1. library carries
2. girlfriend studied
3. We gave
4. town will hold
5. people go
6. house was destroyed
7. recipes were / teacher showed
8. I took
9. you (understood) turn off
10. you (understood) go
11. doll walks and talks
13. staff, faculty, and students should 14. you will find
gather
12. family has been arguing
15. I am
Exercise 6.2 Recognizing the sentence structure
1. Have you written this cheque for the client?
IN
2. Last week, my secretary was sick and could not come to work.
D
3. Keep that in mind to pass your exam.
I
4. Jack! My watch has disappeared!
E
5. Could I offer you another cup of coffee before your meeting.
I (Polite command)
6. I saw your brother at the bank a month ago.
D
7. Where did I put the invoice 3459 before the coffee break?
IN
8. Hey, it is the most beautiful office I have ever seen!
E
9. The accountant can show you how to find this order number.
D
10. Thank your secretary for her help.
I
Exercise 6.3 Identifying independent clauses
1. we ran for shelter
2. Adam listened to music with his headphones
3. we were still buying our tickets
4. Janet was not able to attend the meeting
5. I finally finished it
Exercise 6.4 Recognizing dependent clauses
1. when I have finished reading it
2. if you are well enough
3. while you're at the dentist's
4. that I told you about
5. Even though she didn't work in that office
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Exercise 6.5 Connecting sentences
1. Despite the fact that George lost his job last month and that he has not found a new job, he is
still busy because he does cross-country skiing twice a week and he takes care of seniorcitizen activities three times a week.
2. When I have meetings on Friday morning, I feel mad because my week seems to be lost. I
prefer planning my next week or meeting new customers on Friday since they feel more
relaxed; therefore, they are more willing to do business.
3. The painter Marilyn Millar was born in Great Britain in 1916. She had a daughter named
Anne who, when young, did not enjoy painting. When Anne was 20, she changed her mind
and decided to make painting her career so she studied at a private school. She became quite
famous for her work and painted successfully for many years; however, she died in 1983.
Exercise 6.6 Making noun clauses using wh-questions
1. how many biscuits the dog ate.
2. which language that elderly man speaks.
3. when the baby was born.
4. how much money that organization has collected.
5. where the campers have been for the past three hours.
Exercise 6.7 Writing more noun clauses with wh-questions
1. For which day Mother scheduled the appointment ...
2. Where Joan said she was taking the baby ...
3. How she managed to escape ...
4. What was written in the letter I lost ...
5. Whom Jean-Marie was with at the concert ...
Exercise 6.8 Making that-noun clauses
1. My friend said that she was ill.
2. Fred's mother concluded that he would arrive soon.
3. Our instructor told us that we were excellent students.
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4. The neighbor´s child realized that he was lost.
5. The robber admitted that he had stolen the jewels.
Exercise 6.9 Making more noun clauses with that
(Examples only; your answers may differ.)
1. The nurse reminded me that it was time for my pill.
2. My sister agreed that she should save money.
3. I concluded that it wasn´t too difficult.
4. We realized that he didn´t remember our names.
5. She thought that she understood the lesson.
Exercise 6.10 Practising yes/no question noun clauses
1. whether/if/whether or not this essay has to be ten pages long.
2. whether/if/whether or not that girl is going to the recital on Friday evening.
3. whether/if/whether or not animals can learn as quickly as humans.
4. whether/if/whether or not it will snow on Thursday.
5. whether/if/whether or not individuals can improve their IQ scores.
Exercise 6.11 Formulating more yes/no question noun clauses
1. I don´t know whether he´s coming or not.
2. She can´t decide if she wants to visit Spain or Greece.
3. We can´t decide whether to wait or not.
4. He will tell us whether he´ll quit or not.
5. She doesn´t know if it´s a good deal or not.
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Exercise 6.12 Creating clauses of place
1. I don´t know where she lives.
2. He´ll accept a job wherever he can find one.
3. She wants to travel anywhere. She could go around the world.
4. I have looked everywhere I could imagine to find my glasses.
Exercise 6.13 Using subordinating conjunctions in clauses of time
1. While she drove, I read the map.
2. When the movie was over, we went out for a drink.
3. Until you have finished your work, you may not watch television.
4. As soon as I can, I´ll come over.
5. He´s been looking for work since he lost his job in January.
6. We´ll do some last-minute studying before we take the test Friday.
7. She goes skiing whenever the conditions are good.
8. After they ate dinner, they visited some friends.
Exercise 6.14 Writing clauses of frequency, manner, and distance
(Your answers may differ.)
1. She spoke as rapidly as her father did.
2. I can´t run as far as you run.
3. As frequently as she has the time, she visits Quebec City.
4. I´ll write my next composition as carefully as I can.
5. I don´t travel as often as I´d like.
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Exercise 6.15 Connecting sentences in order to form clauses of purpose
1. The young man got up from his seat in order that/so the old woman could sit down.
2. The little girl ate all of her supper in order that/so she could have dessert.
3. Take off those dark glasses in order that/so you will be able to see better.
4. You should work an extra day this week in order that/so you can take a day off next week.
5. I planted tulip bulbs last autumn in order that/so I would have flowers in the garden this
spring.
Exercise 6.16 Combining sentences to make clauses of reason
1. Wendy is going to spend the day at the library (since, because, as) she has a research paper to
write.
2. (since, because, as)
Exercise 6.17 Connecting sentences in order to form clauses of result
1. It was such an easy exam that the entire class got 100%.
2. When you return from your hike, your muscles will be so sore that you´ll want to take a long,
hot bath.
3. Ellen is such an excitable girl that she can´t sit still.
4. My hair is so long that it takes hours to dry.
5. New homes are so expensive that many people are renovating instead of moving.
Exercise 6.18 Combining sentences in order to form clauses of concession
1. Those children are skating on that ice although (even though, though) it looks as though it´s
melting.
2. I suppose I should eat although I´m not hungry.
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3. Many couples have great relationships although they argue a lot.
4. The dog doesn´t have fleas although he scratches all the time.
5. Prescription drugs are helpful in curing illness although they should not be abused.
Exercise 6.19 Connecting sentences in order to form clauses of contrast
1. While it rains a tremendous amount in England, it is dry in the Gobi Desert. or It rains a tremendous amount in England whereas/while it is dry in the Gobi Desert.
2. While my math teacher is interesting, my economics teacher is boring. or My math teacher is
interesting whereas/while my economics teacher is boring.
3. While I really enjoy novels, my friend hates them. or I really enjoy novels while/whereas my
friend hates them.
4. While eating in restaurants is expensive, eating at home is economical. or Eating in restaurants is expensive whereas/while eating at home is economical.
5. While life in the city is fast-paced, life in the country is relaxed. or Life in the city is fast-paced
whereas/while life in the country is relaxed.
Exercise 6.20 Recognizing restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses
1. R
2. R
3. NR, which was formed in 1997,
4. NR, who has since moved to Winnipeg,
5. NR, who has proven to be reliable and whose rates are reasonable,
Exercise 6.21 Improving the use of relative pronouns as objects
1. That man, to whom I sent my assignment, is the sociology professor.
2. The children are looking for their lunch money, which they need.
3. Apples, which I like, provide an excellent source of vitamin A.
4. Judith, whom I go to for a haircut, is a great hairdresser.
5. The movie that Jeremy saw yesterday was interesting.
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Exercise 6.22 Improving the use of relative pronouns as subjects
1. While we worked, Mary offered us sandwiches, which were served with tea.
2. Second-language students often have trouble with verbs tenses, which can be confusing.
3. Serge wants this job, which requires good communication skills.
4. This company is looking for employees who are motivated and hardworking.
5. Calcium produces strong bones and teeth, which are important when children are growing
up.
Exercise 6.23 Practising the use of possessive, relative pronouns as subjects
1. Africa, whose problems are extremely serious, suffers from problems of famine.
2. The door, whose handle is solid brass, is an antique.
3. Non-profit organizations, whose funds are limited, often rely on private donations.
4. Mate's Department Store, whose location has caused problems, is closing.
5. Margery, whose mother lives in Florida, is going on a trip.
Exercise 6.24 Using possessive, relative pronouns as objects
1. The Calligraphy Association, whose newsletter I receive, is holding its annual meeting next
month.
2. The band, whose record I bought, is performing on Friday night.
3. The artist, whose paintings I have not yet seen, is having a private showing tonight.
4. Dian Fossey, whose experiences Farley Mowat described, lived among the gorillas in Africa.
5. That movie, whose title I can´t remember, was fantastic!
Exercise 6.25 Using relative pronouns as objects of a preposition
1. The wife of the prime minister, in whose honor the cocktail party is being held, is unavailable
for comment.
2. My girl friend, whose wedding I sang at, has not yet returned from her honeymoon.
3. Jane, for whom I voted, won the class election.
4. My colleague, whom I haven´t met with yet, has the project proposal.
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Exercise 6.26 Correcting sentence fragments
1. My aunt Jane loves birds, especially those with colorful feathers.
2. You shouldn´t sit by the phone waiting for him to call.
3. Her work finished, she hurried to catch the bus.
4. My brother, Ronald, having completed a degree at a fine university in England, is now a doctor.
5. You must write to Mrs. Timmons, the woman who requested that information.
6. Pal is a wonderful watchdog, in addition to being a great companion.
7. I used to iron my clothes in the evening while I watched my favorite show.
8. You have arrived too late to see John, his plane having departed an hour ago.
9. I hope to visit my aunt and uncle, my mother´s sister and brother.
10. Anne drank some warm milk because she couldn't sleep.
11. She lectured me for talking loudly in the library, despite the fact that she was yelling!
12. I won a ticket to tonight´s concert, a show I've wanted to see for ages.
13. Having lost the book, I bought another.
Exercise 6.27 Balancing sentences
1. The children on this street are much younger than those on that street.
2. I wrote my aunt Mary for some money and for information about jobs in her town.
3. As we tour the museum, tell the other children to speak softly, to walk quickly, and to ask
questions.
4. Many people carry not only credit cards but also cash.
5. I have always enjoyed swimming, roller-skating, and walking in the woods.
6. Joe´s boss told him that his work was sloppy, immature, and disorganized.
7. The salary of an interior designer is less than that of an architect.
8. The candidate vowed to accept the nomination, to work hard, and to win the election.
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9. We were told to leave the school and to go home.
10. These are the four characteristics I like in people: honesty, trustworthiness, generosity, and
kindness.
11. Her daughter is not only sweet but also talkative.
12. Fortunately, many teenage boys are beginning to take classes in cooking, sewing, and baby
care.
13. That movie was long, boring, and difficult to understand.
14. Hamburger meat is great for frying and baking.
15. Ginette´s mother is an actress and has been on television.
16. They were told to study hard, to read a lot, and to learn to use the library.
17. Many people want neither to exercise nor to eat balanced meals.
18. Your book was interesting, clear, and very valuable.
Exercise 6.28 Making not only … but also sentences
1. The employees not only take their break one after the other, but they also take their lunch
time one after the other.
2. The secretary is not only good in French, but she is also good English.
3. My boss has not only worked a lot these last few years, but he has also done a lot of traveling.
4. Sandra is not only a nice girl, but she also has a nice baby boy.
5. We will not only take a couple of weeks vacation this summer, but we will also play golf.
Exercise 6.29 Eliminating run-on sentences
1. Paul is sick. That is why he hasn´t been in school.
2. Learning English is time-consuming, and it takes patience and practice.
3. Although it rained yesterday, it´s snowing today.
4. If you get lost, go to the information booth. There is always someone there to help you.
5. I have only one weakness; I eat too much.
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6. Social clubs can be great places for those who are new in town. You get to meet a lot of people
and discuss common interests.
7. Let me be very honest with you; she is quite impatient at times.
8. The young man threw the chair against a wall in a fit of rage, but afterwards he felt ashamed
of his outburst.
9. Although many lives were lost in the fatal accident, many were saved.
10. The students should be reprimanded for the riot; in fact, they should be punished.
11. They weren´t able to return the books to the library since they didn´t have time.
12. This type of fabric needs to be dry-cleaned, but that type can be hand-washed in a gentle
detergent.
13. School is canceled today because it´s snowing too heavily.
14. Mrs. Dickson ran out of the room in tears; I'm not sure why.
15. She realized that she hadn't gotten the job. Therefore, she decided to apply elsewhere.
Exercise 6.30 Eliminating faulty pronouns
1. Margaret´s aunt bought a house when Margaret (or her aunt) lived in France.
2. The boys chased the girls until the boys (or the girls) were exhausted.
3. Gail wrote to Caroline to tell her that Gail (or Caroline) had won the lottery.
4. My family took a trip to China last summer because we love the Chinese culture.
5. I went to the office and told my boss (or the other employees) I was quitting.
Exercise 6.31 Recognizing dangling modifiers
#3 and #5 contain dangling modifiers.
Exercise 6.32 Eliminating dangling modifiers
1. Frustrated and hungry, the campers were taken home by bus.
2. Strumming on a guitar, the cat's master sang songs about life in the country as he was
watched by the cat.
3. Avoiding sleep, Jack poured himself another cup of coffee from the whistling kettle.
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4. Being a very responsible owner and assuming the cost himself, the boy took his dog to obedience school.
5. Unable to function properly, the disturbed child was removed from class by the principal
and sent to a psychologist.
6. Agreeing to early retirement, Mr. Smith was presented with a watch at the meeting.
7. Concerned about the rising cost of gas, teenagers consider bicycles to be the best way to
travel around the city.
8. Open all night, the Silver Moon serves reasonably priced drinks.
9. The president of the company looked with dismay at the job applicant dressed in a dirty shirt
and muddy sneakers.
10. Searching in her purse, my friend Roberta discovered the pearl.
Exercise 6.33 Recognizing misplaced modifiers
#2, #3 and #4 contain misplaced modifiers.
Exercise 6.34 Eliminating misplaced modifiers
1. My brother bought a Louis XIV chair with carved legs for his girlfriend.
2. Write your name and address on this sheet if you can go tomorrow.
3. Julie found a book which was on the top shelf of that bookcase and which had been written
by her grandfather.
4. Amanda keeps all her outfits, which she sews herself, in the closet.
5. Indicate in one of the boxes whether you are married or single.
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Chapitre 7 – Improving writing style / L’amélioration du style
Test diagnostique
A) Les locutions participiales
1. Margaret's mother, appearing tired, excused herself and left the party.
2. Swimmers not going to compete (ou not competing) in today's competition should see the
coach to explain why.
3. Many children visiting the doctor for the first time are curious.
4. Mr. Parker, having seen his wife fall, ran out to help her.
5. The people attending last night's lecture enjoyed it immensely.
B) Le discours direct et indirect
1. Anna asked if I was going to attend class today.
2. John asked if I had remembered to pick up his suit.
3. Greg asked her how she was feeling.
4. Darlene said to him (that) she was not feeling well today.
5. I told the group (that) I was available for consultation on Fridays.
C) La verbosité
1. Lorne cooked and ate the macaroni.
2. When tired, she rubs her eyes.
3. My teacher looked and sounded angry.
4. The campers won the award for the most original costumes; the counsellors, for the funniest song.
5. The research must be carried out until finished.
6. It was an interesting novel, but I didn't finish it.
7. Could you attach these pages?
8. I will buy some office supplies.
9. This document is essential.
10. Imports increased last year.
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Exercise 7.1 Practising participial phrases in the active voice
1. Most of the people attending this conference are psychologists.
2. In general, those coming to the drop-in center are looking for someone to talk to.
3. Everybody taking summer courses must register before June.
4. The guests arriving at the party were friends of mine.
5. The athletes running in the competition must meet in the athletics complex.
Exercise 7.2 Using participial phrases in the passive voice
1. Anything done this morning must be corrected this afternoon.
2. The girl having been showered with gifts on her birthday thanked everyone for attending the
party.
3. The letter being delivered tomorrow contains information about courses.
4. The award being presented at tonight´s ceremony honors members of the community.
5. My friend, Ronald, having been born in Canada, has moved to Australia.
Exercise 7.3 Practising participial phrases with perfect tenses
1. Those having been asked to retire early will be given a bonus.
2. Babies, having been studied for many years, are quite incredible, little human beings.
3. John Smith, having been considered for a teaching position at this university, is anxious to
get some news.
4. Sasha, having never been to France, was delighted when he won a trip through a lottery.
5. Child abuse, having been considered a sensitive issue by many, is finally being addressed on
television programs.
Exercise 7.4 Forming participial phrases with clauses of time
1. Boarding the train, Mrs. Foster caught her skirt on a nail and tore it.
2. Watching a movie, we heard the fire alarm.
3. The chairman sneezed almost uncontrollably when being asked for instructions.
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4. After leaving the class, I felt miserable.
5. Before leaving for work, Joan prepared a big breakfast.
Exercise 7.5 Practising participial phrases, clauses of reason
1. Being expected for supper, Donna decided to call home.
2. Having never spoken Italian, I was hesitant to communicate with the people in Italy.
3. Having just heard from his brother, Don boarded a train in Amsterdam.
4. Having decided to eat in a restaurant, Paula put the chicken back in the refrigerator.
5. Having been looking for a job for three weeks now, Mr. Daly has sent out one hundred
résumés to various companies.
Exercise 7.6 Using participial phrases with simple sentences
1. The group members, maintaining that they had seen a ghost, huddled in a corner of the
room.
2. The meat, being as tough as leather, is difficult to chew.
3. Scientists, seeking a cure for cancer, are constantly involved in research.
4. A search team, battling strong winds, was sent to rescue the mountain climbers.
5. Mary, having changed her career focus, has finally decided to go back to work.
Exercise 7.7 Identifying prepositional phrases
1. at the doctor's
2. to the park
3. in a big house
4. of the group
5. in computers
6. of the nicest dresses, in the shop
7. in the election
8. in that band
9. into the forest
10. in the account
Exercise 7.8 Recognizing infinitive phrases
1. to write a letter to the government
2. to ride her bike this summer
3. to install a swimming pool in the back yard
4. To go on an African safari
5. To visit Australia.
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Exercise 7.9 Making infinitive phrases
(examples only; your sentences may differ)
1. She decided to have a drink.
2. My brother wants to go to McGill.
3. We are going to wait until noon.
4. I asked him to explain the lesson.
5. To arrive on time, she will take a plane.
Exercise 7.10 Changing to indirect speech
1. Sylvia said (that) she would be in London in a week.
2. Mark said (that) his trip to Florida had been wonderful.
3. The policeman said (that) he had been doing his job for ten years.
4. The woman told me (that) her son could help me with the cleaning.
5. Her son said (that) he didn't have the time.
6. The waiter asked the woman if she liked her soup.
7. The old woman cried out (that) a man had stolen her purse.
8. The manager asked her employee if she would be available to work on the weekend.
9. The doctor asked the patient if she (he) had been eating a lot of sugar.
10. The lawyer told his client to tell him the truth.
Exercise 7.11 Eliminating redundant words
1. Remember to add boiling water to the mixture.
2. This painting is a duplicate of that one!
3. After lunch, the class gathered for a meeting.
4. This ball is round.
5. Don't forget the essentials for the picnic!
Exercise 7.12 Reducing the number of words
1. Presently (now)
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2. violently
3. If
4. while
5. for
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Exercise 7.13 Eliminating redundant it
1. This speech says...
2. The map shows...
3. This thought-provoking film illustrates...
4. The documentary last night explained...
5. The chart indicates...
Exercise 7.14 Practising conciseness
1. That poor child is obese!
2. Isn´t that painting unique!
3. She was definite about her plan to visit China next year.
4. This weekend´s car accident was tragic.
5. It's crucial for me to lose fifteen pounds by June.
Exercise 7.15 Eliminating wordy dependent clauses or phrases
1. I must buy myself some good walking shoes.
2. Uncle Daniel is paying for my flying lessons!
3. Careless driving is dangerous.
4. These documents are worthless.
5. That old house on the hill is mysterious!
Exercise 7.16 Eliminating the obvious
1. Sandra was so angry during yesterday's meeting that she stormed out of the room.
2. I have found fourteen errors on his exam.
3. I was so anxious for news about my acceptance to university that I read the letter aloud.
4. At eight oćlock, the security guard let the crowd into the bank.
5. Majorie and Jim went out for breakfast on Sunday morning.
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Exercise 7.17 Using clear words
1. The woman on the bus seemed unaware that her briefcase had fallen onto the floor.
2. The president acted unsure of what to say.
3. Janice said that she was undecided over whether to stay in Montreal or to move.
4. The company has written a letter refusing your job application.
5. The dog seemed to be wandering aimlessly through the streets.
Exercise 7.18 Shortening sentences
#3 and #5 can be reduced.
3- When three months old, I was taken on a trip by my mother.
5- While eating my dinner, I heard the doorbell ring.
1. Although just a pup, my dog has a huge appetite.
2. Last week, I read two books; this week, only one.
3. I learned how to speed-read at university.
4. When asked to be quiet, he became violent.
5. When studying for exams, she reads for twelve hours each day.
Exercise 7.20 Shortening sentences with different subjects
1. In July, the Andersons are going to Daytona Beach, and the Thompsons, to Miami.
2. Sugar is bad for your teeth; caffeine, for your nerves.
3. Ilana loves reading; Tom, writing.
4. Dr. Poulin has a counselling practice in Laval; her husband, in Brossard.
5. I might be going to school in Ottawa, but not my friend.
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1. Fraser baked and ate the apple pie.
2. The accounting professor agreed to attend a meeting at five oćlock on Thursday, but the economics professor refused.
3. When nervous, I bite my nails.
4. Cathy has won a prize and will most likely win another one at the fair.
5. The president of the student council has not announced her resignation in class, and probably will not.
6. She demanded and received a pay raise.
7. You could have, and should have, avoided that speeding ticket.
1. Wayne asked where to park his car.
2. Julie´s client wondered whether to buy more insurance.
3. I'm trying to find out whom to pick up at the airport.
4. Richard doesn't know in whose name to make the reservation.
5. The book shows you how to build airplane models.
1. Before the trial, the lawyer told James what to expect in terms of a settlement.
2. The examination supervisor explained to us what to do after finishing the essay.
3. The nurse has informed my grandmother when to leave the hospital.
4. The admissions coordinator explained to the students what kind of work load to expect from
the program.
5. The nutritionist explained to the group how to eat better and to feel healthier.
1. Frank is the only one to have agreed to work on Saturday.
2. The parcel to be mailed is on my bed.
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3. If you get lost, there are plenty of policemen to help you.
4. Do you have any bottles to give us for our bottle drive?
5. Mrs. Smith is looking for someone to take care of her little girl.
6. This is the textbook to buy for my course.
7. I have given the secretary fifty sheets to photocopy before two oćlock.
8. This is the first baby of the group to have walked.
9. The cake to be delivered is in a box on the second shelf.
Exercise 7.25 Practising nominalization
1. payment
2. suggestion
3. lateness
4. smartness
5. employment
6. removal
7. dismissal
8. poverty
9. completion
10. cry
11. abandonment
12. helpfulness
13. resistance
14. joyfulness
15. interruption
16. strength
17. stability
18. punctuality
19. development
20. rudeness
Exercise 7.26 Using nominalization
Note: These are not complete sentences.
1. ... his destruction of the property ...
2. Many children´s respect for that teacher ...
3. ... my attempt to solve the problem ...
4. ... the police investigation of the murder ...
5. Our enjoyment of their company ...
6. ... UNICEF´s role in assisting poor people around the world ...
7. ... Mary´s arrangement of the tables and chairs for the party ...
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8. ... Tom´s request for some information ...
9. ... the committee's resistance to the proposal ...
Exercise 7.27 Making nominalization
Note: These are not complete sentences.
1. ... Yolande´s quiet declaration of her opinion ...
2. ... the campers´ well-planned canoe trip ...
3. ... Stanley´s love of hockey and skiing ...
4. ... the student´s good work on the project ...
5. ... women´s demand for equal rights ...
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Chapitre 8 – Synthesis activity / Activité synthèse
Exercise 8.1 Traduire des mots et des expressions
A.
1. États financiers : financial statement
2. Reçu : receipt
3. Pièce justificative : voucher
4. Petite caisse : petty cash
5. Traitement de texte : word processing
6. Chômage : unemployment
7. Consommation : consumption
8. Suivi : follow-up
9. Devise (monétaire) : currency
10. Avantages sociaux : fringe benefits
11. Horaire : schedule
12. Retrait (bancaire) : withdrawal
13. Conditions : terms
14. Sondage : survey
15. Téléchargement : download
16. Tableur : spreadsheet
17. Cote de crédit : credit rating
18. Prix de détail : retail price
19. Découvert de banque : overdraft
20. Succursale : branch
B.
1. We regret to inform you that …
2. As you asked me to …; as (you) requested …
3. The hour suits me perfectly …
4. I am unfortunately unable to accept … ; unfortunately, I am unable …
5. You must not forget to mention …; be sure to mention …
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Exercise 8.2 Mettre des mots au pluriel
1. embargoes
2. bookcases
3. personnel managers
4. notaries
5. indexes
6. folios
7. halves
8. proofs
9. oxen
10. churches
Exercise 8.3 Choisir les bons termes
1. My birthday is in December.
2. Is it possible to come on Monday?
3. My boss was at his desk soon this morning.
4. This is the best part of his presentation.
5. A good employee works well.
6. Please accept my congratulations upon your receiving this promotion.
7. We have done business with your company for more than 10 years.
8. You look at me as if you were angry.
9. Of all the bad situations she has ever gotten herself into, this one is the worst.
10. The cost of the repairs surprised both my brother and me.
11. I will wait until five o’clock, but then I’m leaving.
12. He is not interested in buying a new computer now.
13. Which pencil is the better: the blue or the black?
14. He usually travels to Toronto by train.
15. Everyone can bring his friend.
16. He always goes to bed very late.
17. A high percentage of the population is voting for a new park.
18. Is this decision retroactive to March 31?
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19. Among all these computers, I prefer this one.
20. My boss went to his office early this morning.
Exercise 8.4 Ajouter des mots dans une phrase
1. I appreciate good, red wine with a romantic supper.
2. I need both an original and a copy.
3. He ran fast enough to win.
4. I am still counting the money.
5. Time passes quickly when we are happy.
6. At our sale, only cash or credit cards will be accepted.
7. I found an old book.
8. I get on the bus early to obtain a good seat.
9. I am somewhat anxious about the results.
10. Although she is now 86 years old, she is still full of energy.
Exercise 8.5 Accorder les verbes
A.
1. Patience and undestanding are necessary when working with children.
2. His favorite vacation place is the Fiji Islands.
3. I have delivered office supplies to this place twice.
4. Everybody is invited to the meeting.
5. Paul received a call from his office this morning.
6. In a democracy, everyone’s vote counts.
7. The committee are working separately, and they will give us an answer after lunch.
8. He should protect himself from the sun.
9. My boss told me to be sure to finish the report on time.
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10. If he completes the enclosed card and returns it within 10 days, he will receive a free gift.
11. The board has been expecting better results.
12. Your suggestion was very valuable; therefore, we are writing to thank you for it.
13. We are sorry for this delay; thank you for your patience.
14. Over the years, many people have contributed to the success of this company.
15. I received a letter from a customer who whishes to obtain our latest catalogue.
B.
1. She began working/to work on this budget last week.
2. You say you agree to work overtime?
3. Jack wants to work on this project.
4. We finished working on this report a few days ago.
5. Paul and Ann detest working during the summer
Exercise 8.6 Compléter des phrases
1. When I meet new people, I am usually curious about their occupations
2. This book, which was written last year, is very popular.
3. Usually, he meets with his customers in the afternoon, but yesterday, he stayed at the office
to prepare his report.
4. Mr. Lalonde has resigned from his position as director.
5. Nora and Michele didn’t speak to their boss when he came in this morning.
6. I enjoy driving my new car.
7. Paul has to go to the bank; his account is overdrawn.
8. Last month, all of us in the group felt bad about our results.
9. If I were to lose my job, I wouldn't be able to pay my bills.
10. I have finished my work for today. May I leave now?
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Exercise 8.7 Modifier la forme des phrases
1. Does the director know Mr. Duke?
2. This contract was signed by Mr. Robert.
3. My secretary doesn’t like her new computer.
4. Have you achieved record results?
5. Paul was selected by the committee.
Exercise 8.8 Modifier ou améliorer la structure des phrases
1. Weighing around 200 pounds, the president is a tall man with a big beard.
2. Brian watched Jennifer, wearing a nice yellow dress, enter the room.
3. Paul saw a turtle swimming in the aquarium.
4. The marketing department decided to make a survey before they launched their new
product.
5. Having finished my work, I decided to go home.
6. This book is a reproduction of that one.
7. While we were dining at night, the candles created a romantic atmosphere.
8. Pete missed the meeting because he was sick.
9. He was discouraged when he realized how expensive computers are.
10. John is determined to stop smoking.
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Exercise 8.9 Vérifier la ponctuation, l’écriture des nombres et les majuscules
1. “Ouch!” yelled Paul. “You’re stepping on my toes!”
2. Eight dollars are missing on his last cheque.
3. I often tell her, “It’s about time.”
4. We congratulate you, Bob, for your presentation at the congress. Great job!
5. Could you please send me 25 catalogues.
6. Among the customers of our Toronto branch office, which ones have to send us an order
before the end of the month?
7. The annual interest rate is 6 percent.
8. If there is a good reason for going there (and I think there is), we will leave tomorrow.
9. Excellent! We can send you that document right now.
10. I have not seen her for at least 15 years, but I think she is now living in Ottawa, Ontario.
11. If you pay your bill within five days, it will cost you only $126.
12. You will finish the report tomorrow, will you not?
13. I would like to order: four pens, two erasers, eight envelopes, and six bottles of correction
fluid.
14. If you call tomorrow (027-5332), we will have an answer for you.
15. January 12, 1980, is a date that I will always remember.
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13-Corrige exercices

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