2-1 C6200 Function Description

Transcription

C6200 GENCONTROLLER
Function Description
Firmware: 080618
SELCO A/S
Betonvej 10 - DK-4000 Roskilde
Denmark
Phone: 45 7026 1122 - Fax: 45 7026 2522
e-mail: [email protected]
Web site: www.selco.com
SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
Table of Contents
1
Preface.......................................................................................................................................... 3
2
Front view of C6200 .................................................................................................................... 4
3
Generator protection functions .................................................................................................... 5
3.1
Reverse power protection ........................................................................................................ 5
3.2
Excitation Loss protection ....................................................................................................... 5
4
Parallel operation of generators ................................................................................................... 6
4.1
Voltage matching ..................................................................................................................... 6
4.2
Synchronizing .......................................................................................................................... 6
4.2.1 Static synchronization .......................................................................................................... 7
4.2.2 Dynamic synchronization .................................................................................................... 7
4.2.3 Synchroscope ....................................................................................................................... 7
4.2.4 Check Synchronizer function ............................................................................................... 7
4.3
Load sharing............................................................................................................................. 7
4.3.1 Active load (kW) sharing ..................................................................................................... 7
4.3.2 Reactive load (kVAr) sharing .............................................................................................. 8
4.3.3 Unloading a generator .......................................................................................................... 8
4.3.4 Automatic/ semi-automatic mode ........................................................................................ 8
5
Applications ................................................................................................................................. 9
5.1
Synchronizing and load sharing between parallel running generators. ................................... 9
5.2
Synchronizing of bus bar sections ......................................................................................... 10
6
Grid parallel operation of generators ......................................................................................... 12
6.1
Auto-Synchronization ............................................................................................................ 12
6.2
Load Sharing .......................................................................................................................... 12
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.2.3
6.2.4
6.2.5
Fixed import ....................................................................................................................... 13
Peak Import ........................................................................................................................ 14
Fixed Export....................................................................................................................... 15
Excess Export..................................................................................................................... 16
Unloading ........................................................................................................................... 16
Revision: 19.06.2008
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
1 Preface
The SELCO C6200 GENCCONTROLLER module is intended for paralleling of generators with
each other or with the grid.
The module offers automatic and semi-automatic synchronizing, active and reactive load sharing,
frequency and voltage control, reverse power protection and excitation loss protection.
Voltage measurements from the generator side and bus bar side are taken from phases L1 and L2.
The generator current is taken from L3.
A range of user programmable functions is available for remote control of the generator. These
functions can be triggered from programmable inputs and outputs or via RS485.
The unit can be used in connection with a SELCO S6500 User Interface. The user interface will
show measurements and status of the C6200 module. It can also be used for programming of the
C6200 module.
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
2 Front view of C6200
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SELCO A/S
3
C6200 Module
Generator protection functions
The module offers reverse power protection and excitation loss protection of the generator. All
protection functions will trip the circuit breaker via the protection trip relay of C6200.
3.1 Reverse power protection
The reverse power protection function will prevent the generator from motoring and thus protect the
prime mover (e.g. a diesel engine) by tripping the generator breaker. At the same time it will avoid
overload on the remaining generators and thus prevent blackout.
C6200 measures the voltage across phases L1 and L2 and the current through a current transformer
connected on phase L3.The module calculates the active current (I x cos φ) representing the active
power. If the active power becomes negative and exceeds the preset level, the delay timer will be
started. After the preset time has expired, the output relay and LED will be triggered, provided that
the reverse power level has been exceeded for the entire delay time.
The trip level is adjusted as a percentage of the nominal power of the generator.
Protection trips must be reset by activating the reset input, via an optional user interface or via
RS485 before the C6200 can close the circuit breaker again.
3.2 Excitation Loss protection
The excitation loss protection will protect the alternator from the consequences of a loss of
excitation, when running in parallel with other alternators or the grid. It will also prevent the
remaining alternators from over current and thus prevent blackout.
The unit is not measuring the excitation current of the generator, but detects the consequences of a
loss of excitation. In case generators are running in parallel with each other, their output voltages
are the same. If one of the generators loses its excitation, it will take a reverse inductive current. As
this phenomenon will load the other generator with reactive current, it can lead to a decreasing bus
bar voltage. Eventually, this could cause an over current or low voltage trip on the remaining
generators. Thus the excitation loss can result in a blackout. To avoid this, C6200 measures the
level and direction of the reactive current. If the reactive current is leading into reverse direction
and exceeds a certain level, the C/B of the faulty generator will be tripped. As the healthy
generators will remain on the bus bar, this function can avoid blackout.
C6200 measures the voltage across phases L1 and L2 and the current through a current transformer
connected on phase L3.The module calculates the reactive current (I x sin φ) representing the
reactive power. If the reactive power becomes negative and exceeds the preset level, the delay timer
will be started. After the preset time has expired, the output relay and LED will be triggered,
provided that the reverse reactive power level has been exceeded for the entire delay time.
The trip level is adjusted as a percentage of the nominal current of the generator.
Protection trips must be reset by activating the reset input, via an optional user interface or via
RS485 before the C6200 can close the circuit breaker again.
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C6200 Module
4 Parallel operation of generators
In case two AC generators should be connected in parallel, following conditions must be fulfilled:
1. The frequency deviation must be within acceptable limits
2. The voltage deviation must be within acceptable limits
3. The phase deviation must be within acceptable limits
4. The phase rotation must be in the same direction.
Frequency and phase deviation are controlled by the speed control function of C6200 (this is
commonly referred to as synchronization).
The voltage deviation is controlled by the voltage matching function. IN order to do this the C6200
will remote control the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) of the alternator. In many installations
this function is not used. In this case the voltage adjustment is done entirely by the automatic
voltage regulator (AVR).
The phase rotation is defined by correct connection of both generator and bus bar voltage to the
C6200.
4.1 Voltage matching
The voltage matching function will adjust the generator voltage to the voltage of the bus bar. Both
generator and bus bar voltage must be within acceptable limits before this function can activate (see
Voltage ok window in the configuration manual).
C6200 controls the generator voltage by remote controlling the automatic Voltage regulator (AVR).
This can be done by the analogue voltage control outputs (see analogue output signal for voltage
control in the configuration manual), or via voltage up/ down pulse outputs (see pulse output signals
for voltage control in the configuration manual).
In automatic mode, the voltage matching function will start immediately in case it is enabled and
generator and bus bar voltage are within the voltage ok window (+/- 10% in default configuration).
In semi-automatic mode the C6200 must get a start command via the programmable I/O or RS485
before it starts voltage matching.
4.2 Synchronizing
Two different synchronization schemes are available with C6200, static and dynamic
synchronizing.
The dynamic synchronization scheme will be used in case the frequency of the generator is
controlled by the speed up/ down pulse output signals.
The static synchronization scheme is used in case the frequency of the generator is controlled by the
analogue output signal for speed control.
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C6200 Module
4.2.1 Static synchronization
In case of static synchronization, frequency and phase angle will be adjusted so the parameters of
the incoming generator match the parameters of the bus bar (frequency of the incoming generator =
frequency of the bus bar, phase deviation within acceptable limits). This is possible as the
regulation is much faster when using the analogue outputs. The load sharer will load the generator
immediately after connection thus avoiding a reverse power situation.
4.2.2 Dynamic synchronization
This means that the incoming generator will be connected with a slightly higher frequency than the
bus bar frequency. The purpose of this function is to make sure that the incoming generator will be
loaded immediately in order not to take reverse power.
In automatic mode, the synchronizing function will start immediately in case it is enabled and
generator and bus bar voltage are within the voltage ok window (+/- 10% in default configuration).
In semi-automatic mode, the C6200 must get a start command via the programmable I/O or RS485
before it starts synchronizing.
4.2.3 Synchroscope
The front side of the C6200 contains a synchroscope for making commissioning easier.
4.2.4 Check Synchronizer function
The check synchronizer function can be used as synchronizing aid for manual synchronization
where voltage and frequency are adjusted by the operator to roughly the values required, and the
unit will provide a closing signal to the circuit breaker at phase accordance. The C/B close relay
will close the circuit breaker when voltage, frequency and phase deviation are within acceptable
limits. This function is available in both automatic and semi-automatic mode.
4.3 Load sharing
The C6200 includes both an active and reactive load sharing function.
4.3.1 Active load (kW) sharing
The C6200 shares the load between the parallel running generators by controlling the speed of the
generator. The speed control can be done through the analogue speed setting output (current,
voltage or pulse width modulated (PWM) signal) or via the speed up/ down pulse outputs.
The active load information between the generators is shared by an analogue voltage signal, the
parallel lines. This voltage signal can be programmed to match load sharers of other types, such as
SELCO T4400 or T4800 (see parallel lines in the configuration manual).
The load is shared according to the proportional load utilization of the generator. This means that
the C6200 does not share according to a certain kW level, but to the relation between the current
load/ nominal power of the generator. Thus load sharing between generators of different size is
possible without any further adjustment.
However if requested a load deviation between the generators can be programmed (see load
deviation in the programming manual).
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C6200 Module
4.3.2 Reactive load (kVAr) sharing
The C6200 shares the reactive load between the parallel running generators by controlling the
voltage of the generator. The voltage control can be done through the analogue voltage setting
output (current, voltage or pulse width modulated (PWM) signal) or via the voltage up/ down pulse
outputs.
The reactive load is shared according to the proportional reactive load utilization of the generator.
This means that the C6200 does not share according to a certain kVAr level, but to the relation
between the current load/ nominal current of the generator. Thus reactive load sharing between
generators of different size is possible without any further adjustment.
The reactive load information between the generators is shared by an analogue voltage signal, the
parallel lines. This voltage signal can be programmed to match reactive load sharers of other types,
such as SELCO T4900 (see parallel lines in the configuration manual).
4.3.3 Unloading a generator
In case a generator should be taken out of service and the circuit breaker should be tripped it is
necessary to unload the generator first. This can be done either by the unload input or via RS485.
After the C6200 has received the unload command it will decrease both active and reactive load. As
soon as both loads pass below the unload trip level, the unload trip relay of the C6200 will trip the
circuit breaker.
4.3.4 Automatic/ semi-automatic mode
In automatic mode, all control functions of the C6200 will run automatically.
In semi-automatic mode the C6200 will only control the speed and voltage regulation after it has
received a command to do so. The command can be sent to the C6200 either by the programmable
inputs and outputs or RS485.
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
5 Applications
5.1 Synchronizing and load sharing between parallel running generators.
Fig. 1: Minimum connection for parallel operation between two or more generators
L1
L2
L3
com
+
Busbar
Voltage
Aux.
Supply
40 41 42 43 44
-
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
Unload
Reset
Alarm
Freq. Ctrl.
Disable
29 31
C/B
2
L1 L2
MAN
1
com
com
C/B
C/B Close
Prot. Trip
Unload Trip
Analogue Out 1
Speed Control
L1 L2
S2/ S1/
L3 L3
13 14
L1 L2 L1 L2
V/
ref
mA
DC
5
6
kW com VAr
26 27 28
54 55 56
Parallel Lines
Prg. Out. 3
Gen.
Current
Prg. Out. 2
Gen.
Voltage
Prg. Out. 1
C6200
Alarm
67 66 65
S1
To next C6200
(or SELCO S6100,
T4400, T4800 or B9000)
Governor
DG2
Engine
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
5.2 Synchronizing of bus bar sections
For synchronizing bus bar sections to each other or a bus bar section to the grid, the C6200 offers a
socalled reverse synchronizing function. With this function it is possible to synchronize 2 or more
parallel running generators simultaneously to another bus bar section.
For this application, one C6200 unit will be connected across the tie breaker. This unit will remote
control the C6200 units of the diesel generators. The speed and voltage control outputs of the tie
breaker C6200 are connected to the Freq In and Volt In inputs of the diesel generators. To enable
the remote speed control on the generator units it is necessary to disable the frequency and voltage
control function of the C6200 generator units. This can be done by one of the programmable
outputs of the C6200 busbar unit (here we use terminal 54 as example):
WRITE IOFUNC FVDISABLE OUT1
Alternatively this can be done by connecting terminal 44 (Freq Ctrl disable) to COM.
Now the frequency and voltage of the diesel generator will be controlled by the analogue speed and
voltage control signal of the breaker C6200 unit.
The analogue speed and voltage control output signals of the C6200 connected across the breaker
must be programmed as voltage signals between +/- 5V. 0V means no change in frequency (or
voltage), positive voltages will increase the frequency (or voltage), negative voltages will decrease
the frequency (or voltage).
WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -1.000
WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 1.000
WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -1.000
WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 1.000
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
Fig. 2.: Synchronizing of bus bar sections
40
com
C/B
feedback
C6200
35
39
Ref
com
54
Gov/ AVR ctrl
Section 2
Section 1
Parallel lines
Reverse synchronizing
44
Freq In/
Volt In
23
24
Ref
26
27
28
40
C/B
com feedback
Parallel
lines
Freq Ctrl
disable
26
27
28
Freq In/
Volt In
23
24
Ref
Parallel
lines
C/B
40
com feedback
C6200
C6200
35
39
Ref
Gov/ AVR ctrl
35
39
Ref
Gov/ AVR ctrl
AVR
AVR
Governor
Governor
DG2
44
Freq Ctrl
disable
Engine
DG2
Engine
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
6 Grid parallel operation of generators
Parallel operation of diesel generators with the grid can be split up in three phases:
•
Auto-Synchronization
•
Load Sharing
•
Unloading
6.1 Auto-Synchronization
When the grid is to be connected to a diesel generator, or multiple parallel running diesel
generators, it is necessary to conduct “reverse synchronization”. Reverse synchronization is done by
letting the C6200 module connected to the grid control the voltage/frequency of the diesel
generator(s) through the FREQ. IN / VOLT IN. inputs of the diesel generators C6200 module(s).
The C6200 module of the grid will then close the grid circuit breaker when the parameters are
matched.
For the reverse synchronizing function it is necessary to program the speed and voltage control
outputs (terminals 35 and 39) so they match the input signal of the Freq. In and Volt. In. inputs
(terminals 23 and 25):
WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -1.000
WRITE SYS SPEEDCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 1.000
WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMIN -1.000
WRITE SYS VOLTCTRL ANAOUT VOLTMAX 1.000
It is also necessary to deactivate the frequency and voltage regulation function of the diesel
generators that should be synchronized to the grid. This can be done by connecting the Freq. Ctrl.
Input of the diesel generator unit to COM. The frequency and voltage control must be disabled as
long as the generator runs in parallel with the grid.
6.2 Load Sharing
When running diesel generators in parallel with the grid, it is necessary to define a load set point for
the diesel generators. This is done by choosing the load sharing scheme. The C6200 offers four load
sharing schemes for grid parallel operation:
•
Fixed import
•
Peak import
•
Fixed export
•
Excess export
The wiring of the C6200 is the same for all load sharing schemes. Which load sharing scheme is
used can be programmed by RS232 configuration.
It is also possible to choose the load sharing scheme by user programmable I/O (see Configuration
manual) or RS485. This means a load sharing scheme is active as long as the user defined input is
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
connected to COM. In case the input is disconnected, the C6200 will return to normal generator
load sharing. This is useful when parallel running generators should be connected to the grid. As
long as the generators only run in parallel with each other, they run in normal load sharing mode
(user programmable input for load sharing scheme deactivated). After synchronization to the grid,
the input can be activated and the generators follow the load sharing scheme.
In case the generator should not operate in parallel with the grid, the load sharing schemes must be
disabled.
WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME DISABLED
This is the default setting.
6.2.1 Fixed import
Fixed import means that the installation imports a fixed load level from the grid. In case the
installation requires more load than the predefined import load level (configured as a percentage of
the grid capacity), the diesel generators will supply the rest of the load demand.
The C6200 of the grid controls the load by the parallel lines (LS signal). The C6200 modules of the
diesel generators will adjust their loads according to the parallel lines signal.
•
The blue line on the graph below shows the LS signal of the grid C6200.
•
The red line shows the total load.
•
The pink area shows the capacity provided by the shaft/grid.
•
The grey line shows the capacity provided by the auxiliary generators.
Shaft/grid
S6100
Configuration:
WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME FIXEDIMPORT
WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME VALUE 25
Page 13 of 17
SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
6.2.2 Peak Import
With this setup, the installation will load the connected generators up to a pre programmed load
level. In case the load demand increases above this limit, the remaining power will be imported
from the grid.
•
•
•
•
Shaft/grid C6200 Configuration:
WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME PEAKIMPORT
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
6.2.3 Fixed Export
The scheme exports a certain amount of capacity to the grid. The 6200 of the grid forces the C6200
modules of the auxiliary generators to produce a certain amount of power into the grid C6200.
•
•
•
•
Grid C6200 Configuration:
WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME FIXEDEXPORT
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
6.2.4 Excess Export
This scheme exports excess power to the grid. The auxiliary generators are operated with a fixed
load. In case the power supplied by the generators is more than the installation requires, the excess
power will be exported to the grid.
•
•
•
•
Grid C6200 Configuration:
WRITE IMPORTEXPORTSCHEME EXCESSEXPORT
6.2.5 Unloading
Before disconnecting the grid, load should be transferred to the diesel generators. This is done by
connecting the UNLOAD input of the grid C6200 module to COM. Activating the UNLOAD input
of the grid C6200 module will make it transfer the load to the diesel generator, after which the grid
C6200 will trip the breaker.
Below drawing shows an application with 2 generators running parallel with the grid. For easy
overview the drawing only shows the connections for reverse synchronizing.
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SELCO A/S
C6200 Module
Fig. 2: Synchronizing of one or more generators to the grid
Grid
C/B
feedback
40
C6200
com
Parallel lines
Gov/ AVR ctrl
Common bus bar
Parallel lines
Reverse synchronizing
Parallel
lines
Freq In/
Volt In
44
40
C/B
com feedback
Parallel
lines
Freq Ctrl
disable
Freq In/
Volt In
44
40
C/B
com feedback
C6200
Gov/ AVR ctrl
C6200
Gov/ AVR ctrl
com
com
Close for
synchronizing and
grid parallel
operation
Close for
synchronizing and
grid parallel
operation
AVR
AVR
Governor
Governor
DG2
Freq Ctrl
disable
Engine
DG2
Engine
Page 17 of 17

2-1 C6200 Function Description

Transcription

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