Les transformateurs

!
"#
$%
&"'$
('
)
*
!*
)
"
+ ,+ -..
"
/0
-
)
1+ ,+ -
"
)
10
-
2
1+3/,+3
/"
&"
*
4+
"5
&"+
5
6
6/*
6+
735
/
*
%
4
8
4
9
4
4
"*
6
&"*
1
7
7
:
+
:
+
+
)
)
)
.
;)
1
1
59*
8
<(
&
(.
=
:*
.
(
(
%
.
(
%&
,(
&
>"
.
;)
?
:(*
*
.
#1!
,#1./
@
"<*
>;0
&
1.
%(*
&
%&%.*
*
AB(9C
%
*
%(
1
:
*
4
.
.
.
.
!:
1
..A*
C
D(!
.
*
1
.8
.8
(*
(
(
1%
*
%
1 %
E
%
E
*
%
1
,
"
!
.*
:
*
:
*
(
1
$
:
&*
:
*
(.
$
(
F
%
5
(
D
*
95
!22G
H*
(
I22G
1*
!
&
.
;)
5
@
!(95
J
!(95.
+
!(95
95E
*
:
5
?
K
45
@(
J
,(
."
8
%
!
9 D@?@#%E
(
(9D@?J+&(
(
.
9D@?@;D@?J,"
D
&L%
((
((%
!*
,(%(
"
*
%
,(
"1
*
M
(%&
M
59*
&+
.
%,(
"(%%
!%
(
1%
(%1(
-,
;-"
(#
*
%
,(
(%
-"
8
5
J$,#"*
!,<!
/"*
'-
'
(
<+JN
9
*
*
(%&(1
.*
%
%&
%.(
*
&
&
&(
%,
("
1
*
*
(.
*
(*
(
(
1*
(
*
%
1%
&.&
(
+ ,
-. (
" < %. % ( (*
(
1%
&&0,9&9"*
!%L
,95".0,&-5"
$
&#*
+.
D@?@
?@
!D@?J
?J
.
4;)
#
"
*
(%
#
8
,9&"!
9?@#%E
(
.
(9?J+&(
(
.9?@;?J,4"
<
1%
*
*
1%
9
&&
1
,D@?@"
1(%
(
,D@?J"
+
*
.
5!
.
(
!(,(".
*
%&E
%
&*
.
(*
*
1
;
%
,("#
((
1
(
%,?@"
(,?J"
.
6;)
$
&
2LO,P"B.)LO
,+"!%
D@?@;D@?J;D@?J
2;42;623O?
P
76G,42G&"
1,1"
,
"Q2R$2R
1
(
,D1
AC"%
$%
.
7;)
&
9&.
&
&.
&
,
.
."*
%(1(
&
( (*
& ( %
195
.
&
%
,
"
&
E
$
+ 0
-.*
.
%(*
5*
%
-
(
*
*
0
&,
J$" < % (*
!"
F
*
9
.&
&
*
< (
2
%
(
,"%
,
&$
"
.
;)
.
&
*
(
#
$
!%$
@J$225*
63O?.*
*
1!
(%
%%
%
!
&
&
'('
)**
+
,)
(
(
(
?4@J$22
?66@J$22
*
*
!72LO?<M
%&
-
!.
(
72LO?ST63O?!
9!
63O?ST3O?29!
I23O?9!
!
.
,?
".5
1
(,+ .+3/
0
-"&M
-'('
)
1 + , " A?8D3?D@222C%
1+ !,</
</"(
(
*
.
9
( (
F
*
9 *
.
);)
1&+ *
*
&(
-.
(
1
U
+%
(
!
,F3
+3"
.
?*
%&
-
.
(*
E
-
V! ,*
"
%%*
M
%
%&(
*
(
(
*
%
&(
%
(
(
!%%
!*
! 2. & ! @J $22 #
$ ' $(
%
*
<
:
(
5 !. , + " & . :
:
,!N2G":
,!22G"+
+ .
M
.
+
+ .
!
.1
!
.
N;)
-
,)
1
,O
$
"
&&*
(((
22!
,
(
"
1
:1
1
A0
-C5
E
*
!
*
:
$
:(
(
1:
(&.&
-(
A0
-C1(
:
:&
:W
&
2.
(
-.
1
:AC
(:
(
-
.*
.((
1
&&
E
:
:5
:
((
8 -
(. ( ! :
(*
( :
( (
*
&
&. : && :
(
E
.
-
.
(
&
*
<(
5:
(.
(
:
:
(
:
#(
:
(.
&
.
&&
!
.(*
E
-'./+('./0+
+<J#95.
M*
=(4
D/,(
"
.
2;)
(
5
0
(
*
1
(
:
-
*
*
!
(
!
<.:$!$(
.!
,
(A(C
"
:
'/',
*
"*
(
1
&*
.
$M
.
+
. *
- : *
(
+3/
#
&
/
1 & & M +(
!:
,62G":
,72G".!
(
*
X
$(9D/
*
)$
#
Y
(!(
3
M5
#
$
Y
*
!
(
(*
Y
,%62!2R*
%
"
.Y%
(
%M
%
(
(E
*
%!(
=<
64*
%
*
7G
(
?
.
%
.Y9
E
%
(
( ( & :
! :
:
1%
M
*
D5
5
(
1
D & & ,
&&" D (
,
(LK
:"
,
LK
"
%
, !
"
,
M"
# !
, LO?*
LK"
.
;)
1
%
E
.
(
,&
"D
!&*
$$
,
#"
#
'1
D.
E
%(
LK
!
M#1##
!
*
+
1
&
1
$
9
,(&
"
2 +
&
1&
M9
M
3?Z8#81<#>
0,
2 '
<:
&
15E
>
1
5
0
.
;)
1& *
:.:!:
,"&2!&:2G*
+9*
>,+".0,9". O?O
2[2G$
<(
.AC
(&*
*
*
*
&.
\-
62LO?+9
22!62LO?
,
-.
1%
*
%
&
( 1 & $*
*
% < . *
5 !
:<&
*
5
&&&%M&
.
(
(W
!
22R(
R(
.
1
*
%&
5
&
(*
M
&.%%(&0
E
.
M
M*
, . -$-. " &
$
!2R5.*
&
!,
222LO?
M(
622LO?
222LO?
"
&
(
!2.4R.
(*
%
M
M
.
;)
!'5
&
>
.
>*
!62LO?,
&
0"
!$'/$
#
&
(
/
]
R ]
/ 2.6X
]
]
] ]
] ]
8[
#[
$
[
(
#[
8R[
$
#$
+
0
<&
*
.(
(
+
(
&
*
(M
*
.
*
!
.5(*
;
,#/.3.#
^1#9"
"
0
!.(
(
*
9
1,1^^
"
*
1
(
*
%
;
1%9
&&*
&&
*
(
%
_&
/
&/
<<72244$
.
4;)
.
%.*
%,4LO"
!*
,62LO"
!%,6LO"
J*
62
72>-
,"O
1
(
6.62.6.22.22.422.722?
,"!?
6?
/H[;,22?;6?"
&$
*
$
%L?
,)2"
,O?"*
*
,"O
6$.6$2$6O?
,<"
%
12.6
2.#2.6#
<
`,R"
*
%
*
(
+
a,
"
.
%
<*
,#"
1%
E
M!
&,
*
$
" 1
%*
(!&
+.
Y
&
#
/
&-/
F
*
(.
*
D*
(&
*
1
*
/Z46
.
6;)
0
!.(
(
!
*
1
(
>
*
;
9.
;
;
$'
<<72244$
.
%.*
%,4LO"
!*
,62LO"
!%,6LO"J*
62
72>-
,8"#
(
8[8;,2;"
8[8
,8"<!22
2O
;
;.M(,22;"
,O?"*
*
,"O
2.62.22O?
,<"
%
<
`,R"
*
*
(
+
,a
".
%
J
H:
.
.*
*
:
1
!
:
.
7;)
1%
*
%
*
.
*
%
,
*
("?
+.
(
1$
.
#
*
&:
*
:3.
:*
.
:
:
.
&,
:"
2
*
.
:
$ +
!
,
:"
$ +
&&
$ +
'
3
:.
95
(
$ +
(
M
$ 8
b2.6!:
$ )2R
M
+5*
.
(
&3456c&7c&%7&
c
c(
(9
%
#
8$
d2
4LK.
)O?
d4
).6LK.
2O?
d
46LK.
2O?.
%62O?,b2.6
d6.
4O?
d46(9.O?
c[2)O?
c([46O?[46O?
Q42O?
Q2O?
[62O?
Q64O?
[)2O?
[2.),)2Q46Q62"[472O?!,b2.6
'
.
.!
:!
,b2.6$
.
;)
8
:472O?!b2.6Y
62O?
,
&
$
"
)$
8
$
M
D
&9 E
&
8
1
M
$
1
!%
%
2
&3=E
&+.
&,&
$"
.
);)