25- Future challenges in animal buildings-

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Future challenges in animal buildings due
to emerging hot climate conditions in
Portugal
Fátima Baptista
University of Évora
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Data, Results and Discussion
4. Final Considerations
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22 et 23 octobre 2009 - Lille
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
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Introduction
•
Portugal has a large Atlantic coast, but its
climate is mainly Mediterranean.
–
•
•
•
•
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Summers are hot and dry and winters are cold
and wet
Dairy cattle - littoral North
Beef cattle – South
Pigs - littoral centre and in Alentejo
Sheep and goat - Alentejo and in the inland
regions of the Centre and North
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
Introduction
•
Hot climate conditions have been emerging in
Portugal and this fact can affect animal behaviour and
production
–
Heat stress
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•
•
•
•
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22 et 23 octobre 2009 - Lille
decreases voluntary feed intake
retards animal growth;
affects carcass composition and meat quality;
decreases milk production while reducing milk quality; disturbs
animal activity and interactive social behaviour
etc.
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
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Introduction
• In Portugal
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–
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Some breeders are not familiarized with this situation;
difficulties to deal with this problem;
in some cases, the buildings for livestock are not
suitable for animal housing under high temperatures;
Some do not have equipments to control indoor
environment under such conditions.
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
Objectives
•
to identify the occurrence of hot climate
conditions in some regions of Portugal;
•
to discuss the impacts of these conditions on
livestock production;
•
to present our concern about the procedures to
manage this problem.
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22 et 23 octobre 2009 - Lille
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
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Data, Results and Discussion
The five hottest summers since 1931, in Portugal (IM, 2006)
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Year
Variation in Mean Air Temperature (ºC)
1949
+ 2.0 ºC
2003
+ 1.9 ºC
2004
+ 1.9 ºC
2005
+ 2.4 ºC
2006
+ 1.8 ºC
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
Data, Results and Discussion
Heat waves May to July 2006 (IM, 2006)
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Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
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Data, Results and Discussion
Heat waves
August to
September
2006 (IM,
2006)
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Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
Data, Results and Discussion
Heat waves
on May and
June 2009
(IM, 2009)
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22 et 23 octobre 2009 - Lille
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
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Data, Results and Discussion
The hottest days (Tmax) registered in Vilariça, from 2005 to 2007
Year
Nº days with Tmax ?> 35 ºC
Tmax registered
2005
58
42.1
2006
62
41.3
2007
21
41.8
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Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
Data, Results and Discussion
Longest
period
of
consecutive
days with
Tmin
≥
20ºC
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22 et 23 octobre 2009 - Lille
Date
Tmax
Tmin
2006.07.07
35.7
20.7
2006.07.08
37.8
20.5
2006.07.09
40.2
19.8
2006.07.10
39.6
21.5
2006.07.11
40.3
22.5
2006.07.12
40.1
23.1
2006.07.13
38.2
23.4
2006.07.14
37.8
20.9
2006.07.15
37.8
21.1
2006.07.16
39.9
22.2
2006.07.17
41.3
22.3
2006.07.18
30.1
20.4
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Final Considerations
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•
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it seems to exist a tendency for summers hotter than
before;
it arise periods of consecutive days with temperature
higher than the usual, classified as heat wave;
in Alentejo and Trás-os-Montes, it occurs, with
relatively high frequency, temperatures higher than 40
ºC;
in these regions it occurs consecutive days with
minimum air temperature higher than 20 ºC;
Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
Final Considerations
• It is necessary to alert and prepare
farmers/breeders for the problem and for the
consequences of climate conditions on the
animal welfare and production.
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Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
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Possible solutions?
• Evaporation cooling systems
• Adapt housings (insulation, ventilation and refrigeration
systems)
• Actions of divulgation and formation for breeders
• ????
A. Pereira (2009)
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Livestock housing for the future – 22-23 October 2009
Thanks
V. Fitas da Cruz, F. Baptista and J.C. Barbosa
[email protected]
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