OBBC - Field Protocol – Census
Transcription
OBBC - Field Protocol – Census
Ottawa Breeding Bird Count Census Plot Program Protocol With help from: Ottawa FieldNaturalists’ Club Contact the OBBC: Ottawa Breeding Bird Count Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory Carleton University 1125 Colonel By Drive Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6 Canada Website: www.glel.carleton.ca/ottawabirds E-mail: [email protected] May 2007 Spot-mapping in a nutshell In the Field: The OBBC’s census plots are based on the “spotmapping” methodology, in which a series of visits is made to a pre-defined plot and all bird observations (by sight or sound) are recorded on precise maps (field maps). The most important types of observations to record are counter-singing events and other interactions between two birds of the same species that are likely to indicate the boundaries of breeding territories and the locations of any active nests. At the end of the season, field map observations are copied onto a separate map for each species (species maps), which summarises all of the information obtained for that species. Each species map is then analysed to estimate the number of territories of the various species on the plot. Carry the field map with you on a clipboard as you systematically work your way through the plot. Use a sharp pencil to clearly record the position and behaviour of every bird encountered in the plot. You will need your binoculars and may need a compass or GPS unit if the boundaries of your plot are difficult to identify on the ground (if you do not have access to this equipment, contact the coordinator as we may have extras that we can lend out). “Spishing” or other bird luring techniques may be helpful but should be used sparingly to avoid flushing birds off the plot or luring them from outside the plot or into habitats and structures they would not normally use. One of the advantages of the spot-mapping method is the production of maps showing the approximate location of every bird territory or nest in the plot. Changes in these maps over multiple years can be compared in detail to changes that occur in the various habitat features in the plot. The detailed natural history of birds that comes from using spotmapping methods is unmatched by any other standardized survey methodology. Detailed information on the habitat use (both natural and human-made habitat) of nesting birds in each plot is particularly useful to identify ways that we might modify development to create the best conditions possible for native bird communities. During each breeding season, a minimum of 5 mapping visits must be conducted in each census plot during peak breeding season, between 24 May and 07 July. Most visits should be completed early in the morning before approximately 10:00am, when many bird species are most active. The entire area of the plot must be covered during each mapping visit, which should normally require a period of a few hours. Spacing of the visits should be fairly even throughout the season, within constraints imposed by weather and other commitments. Cold, wet, or windy days are to be avoided since the level of activity and detection of birds will be much reduced. Light, showery days may be acceptable weather as birds can be relatively active between periodic showers. Visits should not be conducted in wind stronger than 3 on the Beaufort Scale and in precipitation any heavier than a light drizzle. Volunteer Requirements • Observers must be competent to identify readily both by sight and sound, all species likely to occur in their plot and physically capable of covering a 10 hectare plot without excessive fatigue. If surveying two plots • Observers must survey their designated plots in different types of development with the same degree of effort to ensure that the results reflect true differences between bird communities. When to Visit Additional visits during the breeding season are useful. More than ten visits to any plot is unnecessary and will not likely to add much new information. If desired, additional visits outside of the peak breeding season can be useful to account for species that tend to breed earlier or later than most (e.g., Wilson’s Snipe, American Woodcock, Mourning Dove, American Goldfinch). At least one evening mapping visit can also be useful to capture species that tend to be most active later in the day (e.g., owls and many marsh and grassland birds). 1 If surveying two plots It should be possible to conduct mapping visits of both plots in a single morning. However, bird activity changes quickly as the morning progresses, consequently you should ensure that you vary the order of visits to each plot. Again, additional mapping visits are encouraged so long as the number of visits is the same in both plots. Fieldwork Procedures: The aim of each visit is to mark on the map, the location and movements of every bird present or flying over during the visit; but to record each individual once only. The symbols section and the example maps show how this can be done. Since birds are small, difficult to see, and fast-moving relative to the observer, some inadvertent doublecounting is unavoidable. However, your goal should be to limit this as much as possible. It is essential that bird species and their activities be recorded on the field-map using the standard codes and symbols. Your field maps will be retained as the primary record of what was observed on your plot and it is essential that they be comprehensible to the count organizers and to anyone who may choose to re-analyse your information at some later date. As you enter the plot, record the date and your starting time. On completion, note your finishing time (we use your total time spent surveying as a measure of consistency in effort between years and plots) and complete the rest of the visit information on the field map. On subsequent visits to the plot, vary your starting location and the direction of travel so that no portion of the plot is surveyed repeatedly at the same time of day. Your movements should be as systematic as possible given the accessibility of the plot, as to cover all areas only once during a visit. In plots where all areas can be easily accessed (plots in parks and natural areas), your movements should roughly follow a grid pattern that takes you back and forth across the complete width (or length) of the plot. On a 10 hectare plot, the most efficient pattern is to walk along 5-6 straight line paths running parallel to the plot boundary. In plots where some areas are not accessible (e.g., plots with a great deal of private property), you should do your best to cover the entire area as systematically as possible while ensuring that you remain on public land (streets, paths, parks, alleys). If large portions of the plot are inaccessible or difficult to survey effectively, please contact the OBBC coordinators ASAP. If you are comfortable approaching local residents, by all means do so. Most will be happy to know what you are doing, and may even be willing to let you access their property. Coverage of your plot should be as even as possible. However, more time can be allowed for areas with high bird density to ensure that all birds are recorded. What to Record All birds seen or heard during visits are relevant to the census and every bird observed should be recorded on the field and species maps using the 4letter species codes. While the focus of the census is on birds breeding within the plot, observations of birds flying over or through the plot are relevant and should be recorded. This includes species that may be observed in flocks (e.g., pigeons, crows, and starlings) or singly (e.g., gulls and birds of prey). Birds just outside of the plot boundary (within 50m) should also be plotted on the map since this extra information is essential for defining the full extent of the territories which straddle the boundary. In addition, these birds may be found inside the plot on following visits. Simultaneous observations (dotted lines) are, as always, especially valuable. Please add any feature, building or habitat that helps you locate birds on the field maps. Intensive nest searching is not recommended as it is exceedingly time-consuming and must be done with utmost care to avoid disturbance and/or damage to nests. However, record the locations of any nests you discover during normal census efforts. Also please consider collecting the appropriate nest-monitoring information and submitting your observations on the OBBC website. If you find a nest and are not able to monitor it (visit every 7 days), please record data for the first observation, enter it online and send an email to the OBBC coordinators. 2 Species and activity codes: This standard list of symbols and conventions is designed for clear and unambiguous recording. Symbols can be combined where necessary. Additional activities of territorial significance, such as display or mating, should be noted using an appropriate and clear abbreviation that is explained on the margins of the field map. Symbol Explanation of Symbol American robin observations with age, sex, or number of birds if appropriate. Indicates a pair of Robins Indicates two pairs of Robins together (4 birds total) Juvenile Robins with parent(s) in attendance Robin – calling (not singing) Robin – repeatedly calling or giving alarm calls (not singing) thought to have strong territorial significance Robin – Singing Aggressive encounter between two Robins An occupied nest of Robins. Do not mark unoccupied nests on the map at all (unless it was known to be active earlier that same season). Occupied nest in a nest box (in this case, a Starling nest). Occupied nest with adult sitting (in this case, a House Wren) Robin carrying nest material Robin carrying food 3 Movement of birds can be indicated by an arrow, using the following conventions A Robin, flying over (seen only in flight) A singing Robin initially perched then flying away (not seen to land) A Grackle observed flying in and landing (first seen in flight) A House Wren moving between two locations (the solid line indicates it was definitely the same bird) The following conventions are used to indicate which observations relate to different, and which to the same individual birds. The proper use of these lines and symbols are essential for the accurate assessment of territory clusters. Two House Finches in song at the same time, i.e., definitely different birds. The dotted line indicates a simultaneous observation and is of very great value in separating territories. Two Robin nests occupied simultaneously and therefore belonging to different pairs. Only adjacent nests need to be marked this way One singing Robin. The solid line indicates that it is definitely the same bird, observed twice during the same visit, singing from two different places. This type of observation is very useful in defining the extent of individual territories. The question-marked sold line indicates that the observations are probably the same bird. This is particularly useful when your route of travel brings you back past an area already covered. It is possible to mark new positions of (probably) the same birds previously recorded, without risking doublecounting. If you record birds in this situation without using the questionmarked solid line, your estimate of territories will be biased (overestimated). No line joining the observations: it is assumed that the birds are likely different but depending on the pattern of other observations, they may be treated as if only one bird was involved Where adjacent nests are marked without a line, it indicates that they are first and second broods of the same pair or replacement nests following an earlier failure. 4 After the field visit: Transfer your observations from the field map to the species maps after each visit (when your memories are most clear) or after all visits have been completed. The species maps include all observations that have been made of each species during all visits in a season. The 4-letter species codes on the field map are replaced by letters representing each visit on the species map (making clear when each observation was made) but all other numbers and symbols are retained exactly as they appear on the field map. At the end of the season, the relative position of each observation on each species map is interpreted to determine the number of territories of each species within a plot. The interpretation process can seem complicated but after a season of observations and on the ground experience in a particular plot, many observers find it a surprisingly easy and rewarding process. To transfer observations, start with any species and copy all observations of that species on the field map of a particular mapping visit to a dedicated species map. Substitute the species code from the field map with the appropriate visit letter (for example, “AMRO” on the field map of your second visit (visit B) would be replaced by “B” on the American Robin, species map). As you transfer each observation, it is essential that it is crossed-out on the field map (with a light stroke of a pen) to ensure that all observations are transferred and none are double-counted. Copy all symbols (arrows, dotted-lines, etc.) exactly as they Ideal cluster appear on the field map. Working in pencil is often the easiest way to keep each species map as clean and clear as possible but if you prefer to save paper, combine less common species onto a single species map using different colours for each species (e.g., red pen for HOWR observations and blue pen for COGR observations). Once all species maps are complete, please doublecheck the field maps for any missed observations. Even the most experienced observers often miss one (or more). After this final check you are ready to determine the number of territories for each species in your plot(s). Interpreting the Species Maps: The guidelines for interpreting the number of territories from species maps in spot-mapping studies were first published in 1968 and are standardized among different studies. These guidelines were taken from Bibby et al. 2000 (Bird Census Techniques, 2nd ed. Academic Press, London). Estimating the number of territories from species maps is an inherently subjective process (different observers may derive different numbers from the same species map) but following these guidelines as closely as possible will provide the most precise estimates possible. Having said that, your knowledge of the plot and the species is an important factor in some situations and these guidelines should not be interpreted as absolutely fixed and rigid rules. Interpreting clusters using solid and dotted lines Figure 1. Example of clustering of observations Ideal Clusters 5 Typical species maps show discrete groupings of letters (A, B, C…) indicating the positions held by territorial males on different visits. Each grouping or cluster may show a sequence of observations on different visits of the same bird (or pair of bird) but in practice will probably show some duplication (individual birds recorded more than once on a single visit). Areas from which dotted lines originate are readily identified as potential clusters. Minimum requirements for a cluster To be accepted as a valid cluster there must be a grouping of 2 or more observations that are at least 10 days apart. This rule is written in stone for all species except in situations where an active nest containing eggs or young is found. Dotted lines Two observations joined by a dotted line should not be included in the same cluster unless it is probable that the observations refer to a male and female of the same pair or to juveniles. These lines are most valuable in delimiting clusters. Solid lines Two observations joined by a solid line should never be treated as part of two separate territories. Records joined by a solid line with a question mark may be treated as if they were separate birds or the same bird according to the pattern of observations from other visits. Multiple sightings Observations of multiple birds seen together may be recorded as, for example, 2AMRO♂ for 2 American Robin males seen together. Another common example would be an observation of territorial conflict between two or more birds. These observations can be split between two or more clusters in situations where the remainder of the observations suggest it is appropriate. Double observations Double or repeat observations may frequently appear within apparently good clusters. A single bird may be unknowingly recorded more than once during a visit or may in fact be different birds (e.g., perhaps the territory holder and a migrant or unpaired bird). Where there are more than two double observations, or where the distribution of the remainder of the observations suggests a potential division in the cluster, you should consider drawing two clusters. You should also consider the following points when interpreting double observations: • the average territory size of the species • the minimum number of observations required for a suitable cluster • the timing of the observation (e.g., the likelihood of the species singing during migration, observing non-territorial birds that have finished breeding) Excess observations Some observations will be difficult to assign to particular clusters. In general they should be included in the nearest cluster, except where: • the observations are close to the plot boundary (likely belong to territories outside the plot) • the resulting cluster would be too large for the species or has too many double registrations • the observations are likely to be of nonterritorial birds and/or late migrants If after considering the above points some excess observations remain, it is best to draw an arc around them to indicate their likely origin (e.g., off the plot, or belonging to the neighbouring cluster) to show that their presence has been taken into account during the analysis. Diffuse observations Common species in very uniform habitat may show a diffuse rather than a clumped distribution. Dotted lines are particularly important in these circumstances. In these situations it is best to start at the centre of territorial activity (observations on successive visits or an area where dotted lines originate), draw a cluster and then work outwards towards areas where the pattern of groupings is less clear. It is not a good idea to start arbitrarily at the edge of the map. Large territories Species with large territories are a special problem since the observations rarely form obvious spatial clusters. Where the observations fall close to two opposite edges of the plot with a substantial gap between them, it is often better to assign them to different groupings than to draw a single cluster 6 covering most of the plot. Remember that the size of the cluster drawn should always be appropriate to the territory size of the species. Spurious clusters Clusters of observations sometimes occur, which fulfill the minimum requirements but should not be treated as separate clusters. For instance, communal feeding areas (bird feeders) may result in clusters that lack territorial behaviour and as such they should not be treated as a single cluster but instead should be included in the nearest cluster. Also, adjacent clusters with no temporal overlap (i.e., observations from visits A, B, and C in one cluster and observations from visits D, and E in a neighbouring cluster), may indicate a territory-shift and should be merged into a single cluster. Colonial or non-territorial species The territory mapping method works best for territorial and non-colonial birds. For nonterritorial species or those with very small territories within a larger daily home-range such as Rock Pigeons and Purple Martins, group clusters may be drawn. Each group cluster must contain a potential (or ideally observed) nesting site (e.g., suitable building or nest box). If no potential nest is found in a plot then it is best not to define clusters. Reporting Territories The number of interpreted clusters or territories should be entered on each species map. For our purposes there are three territory types. A ‘complete’ territory is a cluster whose observations lie completely within the census plot. A ‘partial’ territory is a cluster with half or more of its observations within the plot boundaries. And a ‘fragment’ territory is a cluster with less than half of its observations within the plot boundaries. Data and Map Submission At the end of the season, visit the OBBC website and submit your data. Once your data is entered, photocopy all field and species maps and send the originals to the OBBC coordinators. Please try to send us your completed maps by 31 July. We encourage you to retain a copy of your maps as submitted maps will be archived or in case the originals are lost in the mail. You’re done! Thank you for contributing to the OBBC’s database and helping to build cities that are habitat for native birds. Check the website in the fall to see the results of your effort. 7 List of species common names in English and French and the standard, 4-letter codes of birds breeding in the Ottawa region according to the Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario, 2001-2005. Please use only these codes for all observations to ensure your data is recorded properly in the OBBC database. English Name Code French Name English Name Common Loon Pied-billed Grebe American Bittern Least Bittern Great Blue Heron Green Heron Black-crown N.-Heron Turkey Vulture Canada Goose Wood Duck Gadwall American Wigeon American Black Duck Mallard Blue-winged Teal Northern Shoveler Northern Pintail Green-winged Teal Ring-necked Duck Lesser Scaup Hooded Merganser Common Merganser Ruddy Duck Osprey Northern Harrier Sharp-shinned Hawk Cooper's Hawk Northern Goshawk Red-should Hawk Broad-winged Hawk Red-tailed Hawk American Kestrel Merlin Peregrine Falcon Gray Partridge Ring-necked Pheasant Ruffed Grouse Spruce Grouse Wild Turkey Yellow Rail King Rail Virginia Rail Sora Common Moorhen COLO PBGR AMBI LEBI GBHE GRHE BCNH TUVU CAGO WODU GADW AMWI ABDU MALL BWTE NSHO NOPI GWTE RNDU LESC HOME COME RUDU OSPR NOHA SSHA COHA NOGO RSHA BWHA RTHA AMKE MERL PEFA GRPA RIPH RUGR SPGR WITU YERA KIRA VIRA SORA COMO Plongeon huard Grèbe à bec bigarré Butor d'Amérique Petit Blongios Grand Héron Héron vert Bihoreau gris Urubu à tête rouge Bernache du Canada Canard branchu Canard chipeau Canard d'Amérique Canard noir Canard colvert Sarcelle à ailes bleues Canard souchet Canard pilet Sarcelle d'hiver Fuligule à collier Petit Fuligule Harle couronné Grand Harle Érismature rousse Balbuzard pêcheur Busard Saint-Martin Épervier brun Épervier de Cooper Autour des palombes Buse à épaulettes Petite Buse Buse à queue rousse Crécerelle d'Amérique Faucon émerillon Faucon pèlerin Perdrix grise Faisan de colchide Gélinotte huppée Tétras du Canada Dindon sauvage Râle jaune Râle élégant Râle de Virginie Marouette de Caroline Gallinule poule-d'eau American Coot Sandhill Crane Killdeer Spotted Sandpiper Upland Sandpiper Common Snipe American Woodcock Wilson's Phalarope Ring-billed Gull Herring Gull Common Tern Black Tern Rock Dove Mourning Dove Black-billed Cuckoo Yellow-billed Cuckoo Black/Yell-billed Cuckoo Eastern Screech-Owl Great Horned Owl Northern Hawk Owl Barred Owl Great Gray Owl Long-eared Owl Short-eared Owl North Saw-whet Owl Common Nighthawk Whip-poor-will Chimney Swift Ruby-thr Hummingbird Belted Kingfisher Red-head Woodpecker Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Downy Woodpecker Hairy Woodpecker Northern Flicker Pileated Woodpecker Olive-sided Flycatcher Eastern Wood-Pewee Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Alder Flycatcher Willow Flycatcher Least Flycatcher Eastern Phoebe Gr Crested Flycatcher Code AMCO SACR KILL SPSA UPSA COSN AMWO WIPH RBGU HERG COTE BLTE RODO MODO BBCU YBCU CUCK EASO GHOW NHOW BDOW GGOW LEOW SEOW NSWO CONI WPWI CHSW RTHU BEKI RHWO YBSA DOWO HAWO NOFL PIWO OSFL EAWP YBFL ALFL WIFL LEFL EAPH GCFL French Name Foulque d'Amérique Grue du Canada Pluvier kildir Chevalier grivelé Maubèche des champs Bécassine de Wilson Bécasse d'Amérique Phalarope de Wilson Goéland à bec cerclé Goéland argenté Sterne pierregarin Guifette noire Pigeon biset Tourterelle triste Coulicou à bec noir Coulicou à bec jaune Coulicou à bec noir/jaune Petit-duc maculé Grand-duc d'Amérique Chouette épervière Chouette rayée Chouette lapone Hibou moyen-duc Hibou des marais Petite Nyctale Engoulevent d'Amérique Engoulevent bois-pourri Martinet ramoneur Colibri à gorge rubis Martin-pêcheur d'Amérique Pic à tête rouge Pic maculé Pic mineur Pic chevelu Pic flamboyant Grand Pic Moucherolle à côtés olive Pioui de l'Est Moucherolle à ventre jaune Moucherolle des aulnes Moucherolle des saules Moucherolle tchébec Moucherolle phébi Tyran huppé 8 English Name Code French Name English Name Code French Name Eastern Kingbird Yellow-throated Vireo Blue-headed Vireo Warbling Vireo Philadelphia Vireo Red-eyed Vireo Blue Jay EAKI YTVI BHVI WAVI PHVI REVI BLJA Tyran tritri Viréo à gorge jaune Viréo à tête bleue Viréo mélodieux Viréo de Philadelphie Viréo aux yeux rouges Geai bleu Magnolia Warbler Cape May Warbler Black-thr Blue Warbler Yellow-rumped Warbler Black-thr Green Warbler Blackburnian Warbler Pine Warbler MAWA CMWA BTBW YRWA BTNW BLBW PIWA American Crow Common Raven Horned Lark Purple Martin Tree Swallow North Rgh-wing Swallow Bank Swallow Cliff Swallow Barn Swallow Black-capp Chickadee Red-breast Nuthatch White-breast Nuthatch Brown Creeper Carolina Wren House Wren Winter Wren Sedge Wren Marsh Wren Golden-crown Kinglet Ruby-crown Kinglet Blue-gr Gnatcatcher Eastern Bluebird Veery Swainson's Thrush Hermit Thrush Wood Thrush American Robin Gray Catbird Northern Mockingbird Brown Thrasher European Starling Cedar Waxwing Golden-winged Warbler Blue/Gold-wing Warbler Brewster's Warbler Nashville Warbler Northern Parula Yellow Warbler Chestn-sided Warbler AMCR CORA HOLA PUMA TRES Corneille d'Amérique Grand Corbeau Alouette hausse-col Hirondelle noire Hirondelle bicolore Palm Warbler Bay-breasted Warbler Black-white Warbler American Redstart Ovenbird PAWA BBWA BAWW AMRE OVEN Paruline à tête cendrée Paruline tigrée Paruline bleue Paruline à croupion jaune Paruline à gorge noire Paruline à gorge orangée Paruline des pins Paruline à couronne rousse Paruline à poitrine baie Paruline noir et blanc Paruline flamboyante Paruline couronnée NRWS BANS CLSW BARS BCCH RBNU WBNU BRCR CARW HOWR WIWR SEWR MAWR GCKI RCKI BGGN EABL VEER SWTH HETH WOTH AMRO GRCA NOMO BRTH EUST CEDW GWWA Hirondelle à ailes hérissées Hirondelle de rivage Hirondelle à front blanc Hirondelle rustique Mésange à tête noire Sittelle à poitrine rousse Sittelle à poitrine blanche Grimpereau brun Troglodyte de Caroline Troglodyte familier Troglodyte mignon Troglodyte à bec court Troglodyte des marais Roitelet à couronne dorée Roitelet à couronne rubis Gobemoucheron gris-bleu Merlebleu de l'Est Grive fauve Grive à dos olive Grive solitaire Grive des bois Merle d'Amérique Moqueur chat Moqueur polyglotte Moqueur roux Étourneau sansonnet Jaseur d'Amérique Paruline à ailes dorées Paruline à ailes bleues/dorées Paruline de Brewster Paruline à joues grises Paruline à collier Paruline jaune Paruline à flancs marron North Waterthrush Mourning Warbler Common Yellowthroat Canada Warbler Scarlet Tanager Eastern Towhee Chipping Sparrow Clay-colored Sparrow Field Sparrow Vesper Sparrow Savannah Sparrow Grasshopper Sparrow Song Sparrow Lincoln's Sparrow Swamp Sparrow White-throat Sparrow Dark-eyed Junco Northern Cardinal Rose-breast Grosbeak Indigo Bunting Bobolink Red-wing Blackbird Eastern Meadowlark Common Grackle Brown-head Cowbird Baltimore Oriole Purple Finch House Finch NOWA MOWA COYE CAWA SCTA EATO CHSP CCSP FISP VESP SAVS GRSP SOSP LISP SWSP WTSP DEJU NOCA RBGR INBU BOBO RWBL EAME COGR BHCO BAOR PUFI HOFI Paruline des ruisseaux Paruline triste Paruline masquée Paruline du Canada Tangara écarlate Tohi à flancs roux Bruant familier Bruant des plaines Bruant des champs Bruant vespéral Bruant des prés Bruant sauterelle Bruant chanteur Bruant de Lincoln Bruant des marais Bruant à gorge blanche Junco ardoisé Cardinal rouge Cardinal à poitrine rose Passerin indigo Goglu des prés Carouge à épaulettes Sturnelle des prés Quiscale bronzé Vacher à tête brune Oriole de Baltimore Roselin pourpré Roselin familier Red Crossbill White-winged Crossbill Pine Siskin American Goldfinch Evening Grosbeak House Sparrow RECR WWCR PISI AMGO EVGR HOSP Bec-croisé des sapins Bec-croisé bifascié Tarin des pins Chardonneret jaune Gros-bec errant Moineau domestique BGWW BRWA NAWA NOPA YWAR CSWA 9 List of species common names in English and French and the standard, 4-letter codes of birds occurring but likely not breeding in the Ottawa region according to the Atlas of the Breeding Birds of Ontario, 2001-2005. Please use only these codes for all observations to ensure your data is recorded properly in the OBBC database. English Name Code French Name English Name Code French Name Horned Grebe Red-necked Grebe Double-crested Cormorant Great Egret Snow Goose Bufflehead Red-breasted Merganser Greater Yellowlegs Lesser Yellowlegs Solitary Sandpiper Bonaparte's Gull Great Black-backed Gull HOGR RNGR DCCO GREG SNGO BUFF RBME GRYE LEYE SOSA BOGU GBBG Boreal Owl Boreal Chickadee Bohemian Waxwing Tennessee Warbler Blackpoll Warbler Wilson's Warbler American Tree Sparrow Fox Sparrow White-crowned Sparrow Rusty Blackbird Brewer's Blackbird Pine Grosbeak Common Redpoll BOOW BOCH BOWA TEWA BLPW WIWA ATSP FOSP WCSP RUBL BRBL PIGR CORE Nyctale de Tengmalm Mésange à tête brune Jaseur boréal Paruline obscure Paruline rayée Paruline à calotte noire Bruant hudsonien Bruant fauve Bruant à couronne blanche Quiscale rouilleux Quiscale de Brewer Durbec des sapins Sizerin flammé Grèbe esclavon Grèbe jougris Cormoran à aigrettes Grande Aigrette Oie des neiges Petit Garrot Harle huppé Grand Chevalier Petit Chevalier Chevalier solitaire Mouette de Bonaparte Goéland marin 10