urban nexus / Nexus des enjeux urbains

Transcription

Urban Nexus
An e-bulletin of the Family Network of CPRN
Welcome to Urban Nexus, a monthly e-bulletin of policy research, news
and events on cities and communities launched by Canadian Policy
Research Networks (CPRN) in October 2002. Urban Nexus is for policymakers, researchers and interested members of the public seeking up-todate information, from Canadian and non-Canadian sources, about new
research on cities.
To view archived Urban Nexus summaries on the CPRN Web site, simply
click here: www.cprn.org/en/nexus-list.cfm
March 23, 2005 – Cities and Urban Heritage
Much more than a record of the historical past, urban heritage is now regarded as an
integral part of vibrant city life. Where earlier heritage practices tended to focus on
historic monuments and artifacts, current approaches recognize the heritage value
within a range of urban places, experiences, and identities. As well as the preservation
of historic buildings, heritage conservation also involves the protection of social and
cultural heritage – from festivals, dance, music and art, to diverse cultural landscapes
and neighborhood walking tours. Effective conservation efforts not only rehabilitate
and restore local heritage, but also safeguard the vitality and uniqueness of urban
communities. Yet, despite widespread support for the concept of heritage
preservation, much of the world's urban heritage is disappearing. Its contribution to
improving quality of life and livability, creating a sense of identity and belonging,
drawing skilled workers, and attracting tourists and retail shoppers is often
overlooked. This issue of Urban Nexus highlights recent policy-relevant research on
the social and economic benefits of urban heritage protection in bridging generations
and cultures, fostering and strengthening place identity, encouraging neighbourhood
reinvestment, reinvigorating tourism, and stimulating economic development.
Resumés
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The North Hatley Statement. 1990. Montreal: Samuel and Saidye Bronfman
Family Foundation.
www.bronfmanfoundation.org/urban/English/bold.htm#
Serageldin, Mona. 2000. “Preserving the Historic Urban Fabric in a Context of
Fast-Paced Change.” In Avrami, Erica, Randall Mason, and Marta de la Torre.
Values and Heritage Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute.
pp. 51-58.
www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/valuesrpt.pdf
World Heritage Centre. 2003. Partnerships for World Heritage Cities: Culture as
a Vector for Sustainable Urban Development. Paris, France: UNESCO World
Heritage Centre. whc.unesco.org/documents/publi_wh_papers_09_en.pdf
These three documents offer insights on the theoretical underpinnings of Canadian
and international approaches to heritage conservation. The North Hatley Statement
emerged from three days of discussion on principles and practices at a conference
organized by the Canadian Centre for Architecture in North Hatley, Quebec. Signed
in 1990, the statement argues that urban conservation must be rooted in sustainable
development and based on an understanding of the potential and limits of the natural
and built environments. The North Hatley signatories call for a process that brings
citizens together to define their heritage and ensure its preservation, continuity, and
recognition in development decisions. Serageldin's paper argues that attitudes toward
urban cultural heritage are driven by the interplay of two major forces: the dynamics
of development and transformation, and the meaning people perceive in their
architectural and cultural heritage. Using examples from Eastern Europe, she points
out that the concepts of preservation that are effective in one setting may be
meaningless in locales experiencing rapid growth or instability, when little in the past
seems relevant to meeting the challenges of the present. Rehabilitating urban cores
requires the integration of historic districts into the economic and social life of the
living city, to balance diversity and inclusion, establish a cohesive mix of socioeconomic groups, and reverse the cycle of inner city impoverishment and
environmental degradation. The World Heritage Centre report summarizes the
proceedings of a 2002 workshop organized by UNESCO involving 41 experts from
19 countries. Specific case studies focus on maintaining the authenticity and integrity
of historic districts in the face of demand for infrastructure improvements to enable
historic cities to function both as human settlements and business and commercial
centres, and the global trend to market historic districts as isolated “oases for tourism
development.” Emphasizing the need to integrate urban conservation actions into the
larger context of development, the report recommends multi-level interventions to
protect heritage cities, and the identification of partnerships relevant to each scale of
intervention.
Beriatos, Elias, and Aspa Gospodini. 2003. ‘Glocalisation' and Urban Landscape
Transformations: Built Heritage and Innovative Design Versus Non-Competitive
Morphologies – The Case of Athens 2004. Volos, Greece: University of Thessaly.
fos.prd.uth.gr/prdweb/research/DP/2003/uth-prd-dp-2003-24_en.pdf
Pelz Fox, Michael. 2004. Upper Canada Historical Park, Draft v3.00. Toronto:
South East Downtown Economic Redevelopment Initiative (SEDERI).
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www.sederi.ca/pdf/Old%20Town%20Urban%20Park%20Proposal.pdf?u=
US Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2004. Historic Preservation
and Heritage Tourism in Housing and Community Development: A Guide to Using
Community Development Block Grant Funds for Historic Preservation and
Heritage Tourism in Your Communities.
www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/library/
historicpreservation/historicpreservation.pdf
Through case studies, these three documents examine different aspects of the role of
urban heritage in promoting economic growth, revitalizing tourism, and enhancing
the place identity of cities. Beriatos and Gospodini argue that built heritage and
innovative design provide cities with a competitive edge in the flourishing cultural
and leisure economies of the global age, and constitute critical aspects of place
identity. To explore the nature and impact of such transformations, they analyze the
2004 Athens Olympic Games planning projects. They conclude that the numbers of
built heritage and innovative design projects, along with the major public investment
in these projects, are moving Athens toward a “glocalised” urban landscape.
However, the positive impacts are diminished by Athens' scattered model of
regeneration and development. Pelz Fox observes that Canada's approach to heritage
has tended to emphasize the natural environment, while downplaying the rich heritage
of urban places. Citing the success of Toronto's Distillery District as a demonstration
of the potential of cultural tourism in Old Town Toronto, he recommends that
Philadelphia's Independence National Historical Park be used as a template for the
creation of an urban provincial historical park in Old Town. He argues that a major
cultural tourism destination in Old Town, with distinctive streetscaping, landscaping,
and public squares, would have synergies with the arts community, provide a catalyst
for youth employment, and satisfy demands for local improvements. He outlines a
series of steps to explore community support for the concept, and gain political
support for amending provincial parks legislation to include an urban park. The HUD
guide recognizes the importance of heritage tourism and historic preservation tools
for incubating small businesses, revitalizing downtowns, generating local jobs, and
creating improvements in a community, and highlights historic preservation success
stories in Pharr, Texas, Kissimmee, Florida, and Galion, Ohio. The guide details how
communities can utilize Community Development Block Grant funds to promote
historic preservation and heritage tourism in their localities, through activities that
benefit low- and moderate-income residents, prevent or eliminate slums or blight, or
are designed to meet a community development need.
Shipley, Robert, and Karen Reyburn. 2002. The Loss of Heritage Properties in
Ontario. Waterloo: University of Waterloo.
www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/research/hrc/pdf/lost_building_report.pdf
Shipley, Robert. 2000. “Heritage Designation and Property Values: Is There an
Effect?” The International Journal of Heritage Studies Vol. 6, No. 1.
www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/research/hrc/pdf/p_value.pdf
Rust-D'Eye, George H. 2004. Our Built Heritage Is Becoming History, A 30-Year
Retrospective: The Ontario Heritage Act, 1974. Paper presented at the Municipal
Program of the OBA 2004 Institute of Continuing Litigation.
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www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/research/hrc/heritage_paper.doc
These three papers explore the impact and effectiveness of tools for heritage
conservation under the Ontario Heritage Act, which came into force in 1975. Shipley
and Reyburn's study of 9,000 properties in 22 large and small Ontario communities
reveals that Ontario is losing significant numbers of heritage buildings, even when
those buildings are recognized as historically significant (13% of lost buildings were
formally designated under the Ontario Heritage Act, while another 65% were listed as
having heritage significance). The study also found significant variations in the rate of
loss of historic buildings, with heritage buildings in larger communities (populations
over 25,000) disappearing at a greater rate. To slow down the loss of historic
properties, the authors urge Ontario municipalities to exercise their authority under
the Act to designate properties of cultural heritage significance, while promoting the
advantages of designation to building owners, and providing financial assistance to
heritage property owners. They also recommend the establishment of consistent and
standard approaches to designation and listing historic structures, and the sharing of
best practices from successful municipalities. Shipley's 2000 paper addresses
commonly held concerns that heritage designation lowers property values, by
comparing the actual selling price of almost 3,000 properties in 24 Ontario
communities to ambient market trends within the same communities. He finds that
heritage designation does not negatively affect property value; to the contrary, there is
a robust real estate market for designated heritage properties, with 74% of heritage
properties selling at average or higher than average values. Further, heritage property
values tend to be more resistant to economic downturns. Through a comprehensive
review of case law, Rust-D'Eye's paper outlines Ontario's 30-year experience with the
provisions of the Heritage Act, specifically heritage designation, easement
agreements, and the creation of heritage conservation districts. He concludes that the
Act has failed to provide meaningful protection for Ontario's cultural heritage in both
small and large communities. Without adequate resources and technical expertise,
small communities are challenged to administer any kind of heritage program, while
larger urban centres are overwhelmed by the scale and scope of their heritage
inventories in the face of intense development pressure. He calls upon the provincial
government to equip municipalities to take effective action to protect Ontario's
heritage resources.
What's New?
On the Bookshelf
Aplin, Graeme. 2002. Heritage: Identification, Conservation and Management.
London: Oxford University Press.
Aplin's book compares heritage issues in Australia, the United States, New Zealand,
South Africa, China, Thailand, and western European nations, with reference to the
perceptions, approaches, and governance structures within the different jurisdictions.
He considers the range of place-based heritage sites – from historic monuments to
wilderness parks – and discusses the linkages with tourism and related issues such as
visitor management and interpretation.
Logan, William S. (ed.). 2002. The Disappearing ‘Asian' City: Protecting Asia's
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Urban Heritage in a Globalizing World. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
This book offers a comparative study of urban heritage attitudes, threats, planning
policies, and practices in 13 Asian cities. Including both historical and contemporary
perspectives, the case studies highlight the complex political, religious, aesthetic and
economic reasons that underlie the preservation, destruction, or adoptive re-use of a
city's built heritage.
Murray, Chris. 2001. Making Sense of Place: New Approaches to Place
Marketing. London: Comedia and De Montfort University.
This book critiques UK place marketing practices that interpret heritage narrowly as
history “drenched in the past.” Murray argues that the innovative strategies that are
successfully revitalizing UK towns, cities and regions (the embracing of creativity,
the development of cultural vitality, the celebration of diversity and distinctiveness)
are absent in the practices and materials used to promote places. He proposes a sixpoint action plan to reinvent place marketing.
Orbasli, Aylin. 2000. Tourists in Historic Towns: Urban Conservation and
Heritage Management. London: E & FN Spon
This book explores the relationship of culture, heritage, conservation and tourism
development in historic towns and urban centres. Using five historic towns as specific
case studies (Granada, Spain; York, England; Mdina, Malta; Antalya, Turkey; and
Quedlingburg, Germany), Orbasli argues for balancing tourism development and
visitor management with sustainable development objectives and community
development.
Stipe, Robert E. (ed.) 2003. A Richer Heritage: Historic Preservation in the
Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
This book offers a framework for understanding the history of US heritage
preservation within the context of government policies and legislation, the changing
values of American culture, and the economics of preservation. Leading scholars and
professionals outline the current range of heritage philosophies and strategies, and
offer recommendations for appropriate public and private preservation strategies.
Conferences and Events
“Eleventh International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment
in the 21st Century.” April 12-14, 2005. Algarve, Portugal.
www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2005/ut05/
University of London, Department of Politics and IR. “Rethinking European
Spaces: Territory, Borders, Governance.” April 21-22, 2005. Surrey, United
Kingdom.
www.chrisrumford.org.uk
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Graduate Program in International
Affairs (GPIA), New School University. “Children and Poverty: Global Trends,
Local Solutions?” April 25-27, 2005. New York, New York. Information:
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[email protected]
Environmental Design Research Association. “Children's Environments Research
and Design: Diverse Perspectives, Diverse Outcomes.” April 27, 2005. Vancouver,
British Columbia.
edra.org/conference/pdfs/EDRA36CFP(7).pdf
Architectural Conservancy of Ontario and Community Heritage Ontario. “Saving
Our Institutional Buildings.” April 29-May 1, 2005. Windsor, Ontario.
windsorconference.info/
The Cultural Future of Small Cities, Kamloops Art Gallery and University College of
the Cariboo. “Small Cities Forum.” May 4-7, 2005. Kamloops, British Columbia.
Information: [email protected]
RAIC Festival of Architecture. “Celebrating the City.” May 5-7, 2005. Edmonton,
Alberta.
www.raicfestival2005.ca
DOCOMOMO Ontario and the Winnipeg Architectural Foundation. “Conserving the
Modern in Canada: Buildings, Ensembles and Sites, 1945-2005.” May 6-8, 2005.
Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario.
www.moderncanada.ca/
National Trust for Historic Preservation National Main Streets Conference. “Cool
Cities: Old Buildings, New Attitudes.” May 8-11, 2005. Baltimore, Maryland.
conference.mainstreet.org/
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Municipal Government of Vienna, International
Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), and Austrian Ministry of Education,
Science and Culture. “World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture:
Managing the Historic Urban Landscape.” May 12-14, 2005. Vienna, Austria.
www.worldheritage2005.at/en/home.htm
Local Initiatives Service Corporation. “Urban Forum 2005.” May 23-25, 2005. San
Francisco, California.
www.lisc.org
“Urbistics Montreal 2005. New Trends in the Integrated Urban Development.”
May 23-25, 2005. Montreal, Quebec.
www.congresbcu.com/urbistics/en/home_eng.htm
3rd InASEA Conference. “Urban Life and Culture in Southeast Europe.” May 2629, 2005. Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/inasea/conference3.html
Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial
Planning (FORMAS). “International Conference for Integrating Urban
Knowledge & Practice: Life in the Urban Landscape.” May 29-June 3, 2005.
Gothenburg, Sweden.
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www.urbanlife2005.com/files/LUL_programme.pdf
Alliance of National Heritage Areas. 2005 International Heritage Development
Conference. “Creating Economic Futures: One Story at a Time.” June 4-8, 2005.
Nashville, Tennessee.
www.nationalheritageareas.com/
Baltic Sea Region Cultural Heritage Forum. “Urban Heritage – Collective
Privilege.” June 9-12, 2005. Helsinki, Finland.
www.nba.fi/tiedostot/75d7aede.pdf
Research Committee, Environment and Society. “Technonatures 111:
Environments, Technologies, Spaces and Places in the 21st Century.” July 6-9,
2005. Stockholm, Sweden.
www.scasss.uu.se/IIS2005/total_webb/frame.html
International Congress on Environmental Planning and Management.
“Environmental Challenges of Urbanization.” September 11-15, 2005. Brasilia,
Brazil.
www.urbenvironcongress.com
Heritage Canada Foundation. “2005 Annual Conference: Heritage Conservation
and Sustainable Development.” September 15-17, 2005. Regina, Saskatchewan.
www.heritagecanada.org/eng/conference.html
Winnipeg Inner City Research Alliance. “CUexpo2005 – Community-University
Research Partnerships: Leaders in Urban Change.” September 15-18, 2005.
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
cuexpo.uwinnipeg.ca/
Organization of World Heritage Cities. “8th World Symposium.” September 20-23,
2005. Cusco, Peru.
www.cusco8col.com.pe/
49th IFHP World Congress. “Urban Futures, Continuities and Discontinuities.”
October 2-5, 2005. Rome, Italy.
www.ifhp.org
International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). 15th General Assembly
and Scientific Symposium. “Monuments and Sites in their Settings – Conserving
Cultural Heritage in Changing Townscapes and Landscapes.” October 17-21,
2005. Xi'an, China.
www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/home_eng.htm
League of Historical Cities. “9th World Conference on Historical Cities.” October
18-20, 2005. Gyeongju, Republic of Korea.
www.city.kyoto.jp/somu/kokusai/lhcs/lhc/conference01.htm
Society for American City and Regional Planning History (SACRPH). “11th
Biennial Conference on Planning History.” October 20-23, 2005. Coral Gables,
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Florida.
www.urban.uiuc.edu/sacrph/conference/conference.html
Policy Research Reports
Ahlberg, Nils. 2004. The Urban Heritage – A Starting-Point for Development. Paper
presented at the World Urban Forum II, 2004, Barcelona.
www.raa.se/english/suhntest/wuf/papers/paper_nils_ahlberg.pdf
Avrami, Erica, Randall Mason, and Marta de la Torre. 2000. Values and Heritage
Conservation: Research Report. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute.
Bruce, Shelley. 1999. The Exchange District: A National Historic Site – Heritage
Interpretation Strategy. Winnipeg: The Exchange District Heritage Partnership.
www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/historic/ED%20interp%20strategy.pdf
Buggey, Susan. 2002. World Heritage Global Strategy and Canadian Cultural Sites
of Outstanding Universal Value. Gatineau, Quebec: Parks Canada.
www.pc.gc.ca/progs/spm-whs/itm5-/index_e.asp
Campos, Joao. 2003. The Cultural Consistence of Built Heritage Constitutes Its
Intangible Dimension.
www.international.icomos.org/victoriafalls2003/papers/A1-6%20-%20
Campos%20+%20photos.pdf
Canadian Heritage. 2003. Cultural Heritage Audience Studies.
www.patrimoinecanadien.gc.ca/progs/arts/library/rubenste/client1_e.cfm
Canadian Tourism Commission. 2002. Canada's Heritage Tourism Enthusiasts: A
Special Analysis of the Travel Activities and Motivation Survey (TAMS). Executive
Summary.
www.canadatourisme.com/ctx/files/publication/data/en_ca/research/_
market_research/canada_marketing/canada_heritage_tourism_enthusiasts_
tams_executive_summary_2002/canada_heritage_TAMS_exec.pdf
Centre for Community Study. 2004. Memo Re: The Role of Heritage in Hamilton's
Economic Development Strategy. Hamilton: CCS Cities Research.
www.communitystudy.ca/ecdev_memo.pdf
City of Montreal. 2004. Projet de Politique du patrimoine (Draft Heritage Policy).
patrimoine.ville.montreal.qc.ca/doc_enonce/proj_pola.pdf
City of Ottawa. 2003. Heritage Plan. Ottawa: City of Ottawa.
ottawa.ca/city_services/planningzoning/2020/heritage/pdf/heritage.pdf
City of Surrey. 2003. Heritage Management Plan. Part 1: Administrative Policies
and Procedures. Executive Summary.
www.city.surrey.bc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/ebkisjmrf7gclbqdbqul5lfictvdg255
mkgerkiqznssqwrf5egn4ahxagrcc2b7z7s3llklclfq5s2bje3yzxfc7bg/
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Exec+Summary+1.pdf
City of Surrey. 2003. Heritage Management Plan. Part 2: Surrey's Potential
Heritage Conservation Areas. Executive Summary.
www.city.surrey.bc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/e3kufaakdikd2lgo2yzaebbzrb
7u5vviilndq2iwshfsh6pqdakx2eocpwj4ney3gnev6glx7ybjpzgcakf5
budapvf/Exec+Summary+2.pdf
Council of Heritage Organizations in Ottawa. 2003. The Case for Preserving and
Enhancing City Support for Local Heritage.
www.choocopo.ca/english/pdf/keymessages.pdf
Council of Heritage Organizations in Ottawa. 2002. A Response to the Draft
Heritage Plan.
www.choocopo.ca/english/pdf/general/responseheritageplanoct7-2002.pdf
de la Torre, Marta (ed.). 2002. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage. Los
Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute.
www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/assessing.pdf
Dengler-Schreiber, Karin. 2002. Integrating Cultural Heritage into the Living City:
Example Bamberg. Paper prepared for the 5th European Commission Conference on
Research for Protection, Conservation and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage, May
2002, Cracow, Poland.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_dengler.pdf
Deodhar, Vinita. 2004. Does the Housing Market Value Heritage? Some Empirical
Evidence. Sydney, Australia.
www.econ.mq.edu.au/research/2004/Deodhar_Mar04.pdf
Directorate for the Promotion and Enhancement of Old Montreal. 2003. Summary
Report of the 8th World Conference of Historical Cities, Montreal, October 6-8,
2003.
www.vieux.montreal.qc.ca/2003/rapp/eng/rappa.pdf
Dupagne, Albert, and Jacques Teller. 2002. The Application of EIA/SEA Procedures
to the Urban Cultural Heritage Active Conservation. Paper prepared for the 5th
European Commission Conference on Research for Protection, Conservation and
Enhancement of Cultural Heritage, May 2002, Cracow, Poland.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_dupagne.pdf
Erlien G., and R. Kveine. 2004. “Disciplines, Attitudes – and Practical Tools for a
Change.” City & Time 1 Vol. 1. No. 1: 2.
www.ceci-br.org/novo/revista/include/getdoc.php?id=86&article=9&mode=pdf
Gligorijevi•, Žaklina. 2004. US Public-Private Development Experience for Serbian
Urban Heritage Improvement: Possibilities for Implementation in Urban Recycling
Strategy. Paper prepared for “Winds of Societal Change: Remaking Post-Communist
Cities” Conference, June 2004, University of Illinois.
www.reec.uiuc.edu/events/FisherForum/FisherForum2004/Gligorijevic.pdf
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Government of Hong Kong Planning Department. 2002. Working Paper No. 9: Built
Heritage Preservation. Hong Kong: Government of Hong Kong.
www.info.gov.hk/hk2030/hk2030content/wpapers/wpaper_9/e_wpaper_9.htm
Government of South Australia. 2003. Heritage Directions: A Future for Built
Heritage in South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage.
www.environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/pdfs/heritage_directions.pdf
Grattan, Naomi. 2004. ICCROM and Public Advocacy. Rome, Italy: ICCROM.
www.iccrom.org/eng/e-docs/ICCROM_03PublicAdvocacy.pdf
Hartfield, Michael. A Participatory Approach to the Assessment of Built Heritage:
An Example from Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Proceedings of the 2002
DevNet Conference, December 2002, Massey University, NZ.
www.devnet.org.nz/conf2002/papers/Hartfield_Michael.pdf
Hassler, Uta, Gregers Algreen-Ussing, and Niklaus Kohler. 2002. Cultural Heritage
and Sustainable Development in SUIT. Sustainable Development of Urban
Historical Areas through an Active Integration within Towns (SUIT) Position Paper.
www.lema.ulg.ac.be/research/suit/Reports/Public/SUIT5.2c_PPaper.pdf
Heritage Victoria. 2001. Heritage Listing & Property Valuations in Victoria.
www.heritage.vic.gov.au/pages/pdfs/listingpropertyvalues.pdf
ICOMOS. 2003. Heritage at Risk: ICOMOS World Report 2002-2003 on
Monuments and Sites in Danger. Paris: ICOMOS.
www.international.icomos.org/risk/2002/index.html
Joyner, Ann. 2003. Focused Discussion: Hamilton Cultural Heritage. Hamilton:
Dillon Consulting.
www.vision2020.hamilton.ca/downloads/consultation-reports/
Cultural-Heritage-Focused-Discussion.pdf
Karmowska, Joanna. 2002. Cultural Heritage as an Element of Marketing Strategy
in European Historic Cities. Paper presented at the 5th European Commission
Conference on Research for Protection, Conservation and Enhancement of Cultural
Heritage, May 2002, Cracow, Poland.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_karmowska.pdf
Liliequist, Inger. 2004. Cultural Heritage – A Resource in Urban Development.
Paper presented at World Urban Forum II, 2004, Barcelona.
hq.unhabitat.org/cdrom/wuf/documents/Networking%20events/Added%20
material/Cultural%20Heritage/Paper%20by%20Inger%20Liliequist.pdf
Logan, William, Colin Long, Chris Johnston, and Kristal Buckley. 2001. Protecting
Heritage in a Changing Melbourne – Integrating Heritage into the Metropolitan
Strategy.
www.dse.vic.gov.au/melbourne2030online/downloads/technical/
tech10_herritage.pdf
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Marsden, Susan. 2000. Urban Heritage: The Rise and Postwar Development of
Australia's Capital City Centres. Canberra: Australian Council of National Trusts
and Australian Heritage Commission.
www.ahc.gov.au/publications/generalpubs/urban/pubs/urban_heritage.pdf
Matarasso, François. 1995. Spirit of Place: Redundant Churches as Urban
Resources. London: Comedia.
www.comedia.org.uk/downloads/SPIRIT-1.DOC
National Park Service. 2004. Section I: Application of the World Heritage
Convention by the United States of America.
www.nps.gov/oia/topics/SectionIRpt.pdf
National Park Service and Parks Canada. 2004. Application of the World Heritage
Convention in North America, Periodic Report for the North American Region.
www.nps.gov/oia/topics/NorthAmerican.pdf
Nordic Council of Ministers. 2003. Baltic Sea Region Co-operation on Sustainable
Urban Heritage Management: Activities of the Working Group Sustainable
Historic Towns, 2001-2002. Copenhagen: Nordic Council.
www.norden.org/pub/kultur/kultur/sk/TN2003565.pdf
Ochniak, Klementyna. 2002. Historic Workers' Settlements – A Strategy for
Preservation and Integration with the Substance of Modern Cities. Paper presented
at the 5th European Commission Conference on Research for Protection,
Conservation and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage, May 2002, Cracow, Poland.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_ochniak.pdf
Organization of World Heritage Cities (OWHC). 2001. City Network: Mozambique –
Bergen.
www.bergen.kommune.no/scope/byantikvaren_/ekstern/
bynettverk_bergen_mosambikk.doc
Queen's University Campus Planning and Development. 1998. Queen's University
Heritage Study. Kingston: Queen's University.
www.queensu.ca/camplan/reports/heritage/
Quinn, Carolyn. 2002. “Doors Open Canada: Celebrating Our Architectural
Heritage.” Heritage: The Magazine of the Heritage Canada Foundation.
www.doorsopenalberta.com/alberta_architecture/articles/
architectural_heritage.html
Research Resolutions & Consulting Ltd. 2002. Arts, Heritage & Ecotourist Profiles:
1999-2000 Tourism Activities & Motivations Study (Canada). Study prepared for the
Department of Canadian Heritage.
www.pch.gc.ca/progs/arts/pubs/research-culture/index_e.cfm
Riganti, Patrizia. 2002. Assessing Public Preferences for Managing Cultural
Heritage: Tools and Methodologies. Presented at the 5th European Commission
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Conference on Research for Protection, Conservation and Enhancement of Cultural
Heritage, May 2002, Cracow, Poland.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_riganti.pdf
Rutkauskas, Gediminas. 2002. The Regeneration of the Historic City Centre in
Vilnius. Presented at the 5th European Commission Conference on Research for
Protection, Conservation and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage, May 2002, Cracow,
Poland.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_rutkauskas.pdf
Shaw, Stephen J. 2002. Multicultural Heritage and Urban Regeneration in
London's City Fringe. Presented at the 5th European Commission Conference on
Research for Protection, Conservation and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage, May
2002, Cracow, Poland.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_shaw.pdf
Srinivas, Hari. 1999. Prioritizing Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region: Role
of City Governments. Osaka, Japan: Global Development Research Centre.
www.gdrc.org/heritage/heritage-priority.html
Stevenson, Robert. 2004. Historic Scotland Stakeholder Research. Edinburgh:
Scottish Executive Social Research.
www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/culture/hssr.pdf
Sutherland, M., J. Teller, and C. Tweed. 2002. Perception and Attitude Surveys as an
Affordable Built Heritage Scoping Method. Belfast: Queens University of Belfast
School of Architecture.
www.lema.ulg.ac.be/research/suit/Reports/Public/SUIT5.2e_PPaper.pdf
Thompson, Mary. 1998. Cultural Tourism. Washington Heritage Bulletin.
Washington: Heritage Resource Centre.
www.mrsc.org/govdocs/whb-s98p1.pdf
Wright, Ian. January 2004. Review of the Heritage Studies Program. Melbourne,
Australia: The Heritage Council of Victoria.
www.heritage.vic.gov.au/pages/pdfs/heritage_studies_review.pdf
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Nexus des enjeux urbains
Un bulletin életronique du Réseau de la famille des RCRPP
Bienvenue au Nexus des enjeux urbains, un bulletin électronique mensuel
de recherche sur les politiques, d’actualités et d’informations sur des
événements relatifs aux villes et aux collectivités, qu’ont lancé les
Réseaux canadiens de recherche en politiques publiques (RCRPP) en
octobre 2002. Le Nexus des enjeux urbains s’adresse aux décideurs, aux
chercheurs et aux personnes intéressées parmi la population qui sont à la
recherche de renseignements à jour, de sources canadiennes et autres, sur
de nouvelles recherches portant sur les villes.
Pour consulter le répertoire des résumés du Nexus des enjeux urbains qui
sont conservés sur le site Web des RCRPP, cliquez ici : www.cprn.org/fr/
nexus-list.cfm
23 mars 2005 – Les villes et le patrimoine urbain
Beaucoup plus qu'un dossier sur le passé historique, le patrimoine urbain est
maintenant considéré comme faisant partie intégrante d'une vie urbaine féconde.
Dans le passé, les pratiques concernant le patrimoine avaient tendance à mettre
l'accent sur les monuments historiques et les artéfacts, mais les stratégies actuelles
visent à reconnaître la valeur patrimoniale au sein d'un éventail d'emplacements,
d'expériences et d'identités dans les centres urbains. Au même titre que la
préservation des édifices historiques, la conservation du patrimoine comporte aussi la
protection du patrimoine social et culturel – festivals, danse, musique et arts, divers
paysages culturels et visites à pied guidées des quartiers. Des efforts efficaces de
conservation contribuent non seulement à réhabiliter et à restaurer le patrimoine
local, mais aussi à sauvegarder la vitalité et le caractère unique des collectivités
urbaines. Mais, malgré un appui généralisé à la notion de préservation du patrimoine,
une bonne partie du patrimoine urbain mondial est en voie de disparition. On se
désintéresse souvent de son apport à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie et à
l'habitabilité, à la création d'un sentiment d'identité et d'appartenance, et à l'attrait
qu'il exerce sur les travailleurs qualifiés, les touristes et la clientèle des commerçants
au détail. Ce numéro du Nexus des enjeux urbains met en relief des recherches
récentes orientées vers l'élaboration de politiques visant à mettre en valeur les
avantages économiques et sociaux de la protection du patrimoine urbain, parce qu'on
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peut ainsi jeter des ponts entre les générations et les cultures, encourager et renforcer
l'identité locale, stimuler le réinvestissement dans les quartiers, revigorer le tourisme
et stimuler le développement économique.
Résumés
Le Programme Propos urbains. 1990. Montréal: La Fondation de la famille
Samuel et Saidye Bronfman.
www.bronfmanfoundation.org/urban/French/frindex.htm
Serageldin, Mona. 2000. “Preserving the Historic Urban Fabric in a Context of
Fast-Paced Change.” Dans Avrami, Erica, Randall Mason, et Marta de la
Torre. Values and Heritage Conservation. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation
Institute. pp. 51-58.
Centre pour le patrimoine mondial. 2003. Partenariats pour les villes du
patrimoine mondial: La culture comme vecteur de développement urbain durable.
Paris, France: UNESCO Centre pour le patrimoine mondial.
whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?CID=162&ID_PUBLICATION=4621&l=fr
Ces trois documents donnent un aperçu des fondements théoriques des stratégies
canadiennes et internationales en matière de conservation du patrimoine. Le rapport
du Groupe de North Hatley est la résultante de trois jours de délibérations sur les
principes et les pratiques de la conservation dans le cadre d'une conférence organisée
par le Centre canadien d'architecture à North Hatley, au Québec. Signé en 1990,
l'énoncé soutient que la conservation urbaine doit s'inscrire dans le contexte du
développement durable et s'appuyer sur une vision du potentiel et des limites des
milieux naturels et bâtis. Les signataires du rapport de North Hatley préconisent un
processus qui permet de réunir les citoyens pour définir leur patrimoine et assurer sa
préservation, sa continuité et sa reconnaissance dans les décisions en matière de
développement. Dans son document, Serageldin soutient que les attitudes envers le
patrimoine culturel urbain sont alimentées par le jeu réciproque de deux forces
majeures : la dynamique du développement et de la transformation, et le sens que les
gens accordent à leur patrimoine architectural et culturel. En s'inspirant d'exemples
propres à l'Europe de l'Est, elle souligne que les notions de préservation qui sont
efficaces dans un milieu peuvent être vides de sens dans des endroits qui connaissent
une croissance rapide ou une situation instable, lorsque peu de choses du passé
semblent pertinentes pour relever les défis de l'heure. La réhabilitation de noyaux
urbains nécessite l'intégration de quartiers historiques à la vie économique et sociale
de la ville afin d'assurer un équilibre entre la diversité et l'inclusion, d'établir un
dosage cohérent de groupes socioéconomiques et de renverser le cycle de
l'appauvrissement et de la dégradation écologique des centres-villes. Le rapport du
Centre pour le patrimoine mondial contient un résumé des délibérations d'un atelier
organisé par l'UNESCO, qui s'est tenu en 2002, avec la participation de 41
spécialistes provenant de 19 pays. Des études de cas spécifiques sont axées sur le
maintien de l'authenticité et de l'intégrité de quartiers historiques à la lumière de la
nécessité d'améliorer les infrastructures afin de permettre aux villes historiques de
fonctionner à la fois comme des établissements humains et des centres d'affaires et de
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commerce, et la tendance mondiale visant à commercialiser des quartiers historiques
en tant qu'« oasis isolés pour le développement touristique ». En mettant l'accent sur
la nécessité d'intégrer des mesures de conservation urbaine au contexte plus vaste du
développement, le rapport préconise des interventions à plusieurs niveaux pour
protéger les villes patrimoniales et l'identification de partenariats pertinents pour
chaque niveau d'intervention.
Beriatos, Elias, et Aspa Gospodini. 2003. ‘Glocalisation' and Urban Landscape
Transformations: Built Heritage and Innovative Design Versus Non-Competitive
Morphologies – The Case of Athens 2004. Volos, Grèce: Université de Thessalie.
fos.prd.uth.gr/prdweb/research/DP/2003/uth-prd-dp-2003-24_en.pdf
Pelz Fox, Michael. 2004. Upper Canada Historical Park, Draft v3.00. Toronto:
South East Downtown Economic Redevelopment Initiative (SEDERI).
www.sederi.ca/pdf/Old%20Town%20Urban%20Park%20Proposal.pdf?u=
US Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2004. Historic Preservation
and Heritage Tourism in Housing and Community Development: A Guide to
Using Community Development Block Grant Funds for Historic Preservation and
Heritage Tourism in Your Communities.
www.hud.gov/offices/cpd/communitydevelopment/library/
historicpreservation/historicpreservation.pdf
Par le biais d'études de cas, ces trois documents sont consacrés à l'examen de
différents aspects du rôle du patrimoine urbain dans la promotion de la croissance
économique, la revitalisation du tourisme et la mise en valeur de l'identité locale des
villes. Beriatos et Gospodini soutiennent qu'un patrimoine bâti et une conception
innovatrice donnent aux villes un avantage concurrentiel dans les économies
florissantes de la culture et des loisirs à l'ère de la mondialisation, et qu'ils
représentent des aspects cruciaux de l'identité locale. Pour examiner la nature et
l'impact de ces transformations, ils analysent les projets d'aménagement des jeux
olympiques d'Athènes. Ils concluent que la multiplicité des projets de patrimoine bâti
et de conception innovatrice, de concert avec les grands investissements publics dans
ces projets, contribuent à donner à Athènes un paysage urbain « glocalisé ».
Toutefois, les incidences positives sont réduites à cause du modèle éparpillé de
développement et de régénération mis en place à Athènes. Pelz Fox souligne que la
stratégie du Canada en matière de patrimoine a eu tendance à mettre l'accent sur
l'environnement naturel, tout en minimisant le riche patrimoine des milieux urbains.
En faisant référence à la réussite du quartier des distilleries de Toronto en tant
qu'exemple du potentiel du tourisme culturel dans la partie historique de la ville de
Toronto, il recommande que le modèle du Independence National Historical Park de
Philadelphie soit utilisé pour la création d'un parc historique provincial en milieu
urbain dans le quartier historique de la ville. Il soutient qu'une destination culturelle
majeure pour les touristes dans le quartier historique, avec le caractère distinctif de
ses rues, de son aménagement et de ses places publiques, offrirait des synergies avec
le milieu des arts, stimulerait l'emploi des jeunes et répondrait aux exigences des
améliorations locales. Il décrit une série de mesures en vue de mesurer l'appui de la
collectivité à l'égard du projet et d'obtenir l'appui politique nécessaire pour modifier
la législation provinciale sur les parcs et permettre la création d'un parc urbain. Le
guide du HUD reconnaît l'importance du tourisme patrimonial et des instruments de
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préservation historique pour favoriser l'incubation de petites entreprises, la
revitalisation des centres-villes, la création d'emplois locaux et la réalisation
d'améliorations dans une collectivité; le guide met aussi en relief des exemples de
réussite en matière de préservation historique que l'on retrouve à Pharr (Texas),
Kissimmee (Floride) et Galio (Ohio). Enfin, le guide donne des précisions sur la
façon dont les collectivités peuvent utiliser les fonds du Community Development
Block Grant pour promouvoir la préservation historique et le tourisme patrimonial
dans leurs localités par l'intermédiaire d'initiatives qui permettent de venir en aide
aux résidants à revenus moyens et faibles, de prévenir ou d'éliminer la formation
d'îlots insalubres ou la dégénérescence urbaine, et de répondre aux besoins du
développement communautaire.
Shipley, Robert, et Karen Reyburn. 2002. The Loss of Heritage Properties in
Ontario. Waterloo: Université de Waterloo.
www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/research/hrc/pdf/lost_building_report.pdf
Shipley, Robert. 2000. “Heritage Designation and Property Values: Is There an
Effect?” The International Journal of Heritage Studies Vol. 6, No. 1.
www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/research/hrc/pdf/p_value.pdf
Rust-D'Eye, George H. 2004. Our Built Heritage Is Becoming History, A 30-Year
Retrospective: The Ontario Heritage Act, 1974. Document présenté au
Programme municipal du OBA 2004 Institute of Continuing Litigation.
www.fes.uwaterloo.ca/research/hrc/heritage_paper.doc
Ces trois documents contiennent une analyse de l'impact et de l'efficacité des outils
de conservation du patrimoine que prévoit la Loi sur le patrimoine de l'Ontario, qui
est entrée en vigueur en 1975. Dans leur étude portant sur 9 000 immeubles dans 22
grandes et petites collectivités de l'Ontario, Shipley et Reyburn ont constaté que
l'Ontario perd un nombre considérable d'édifices patrimoniaux, même lorsque ces
immeubles sont reconnus comme ayant une valeur historiquement significative (une
proportion de 13 pour cent des immeubles disparus était officiellement désignée
comme étant des édifices historiques en vertu de la Loi sur le patrimoine de
l'Ontario, tandis qu'une autre tranche de 65 pour cent était considérée comme ayant
une valeur patrimoniale). L'étude a aussi révélé qu'il y avait de fortes variations du
taux de disparition d'édifices historiques et qu'un taux plus élevé de disparition
d'édifices patrimoniaux pouvait être observé dans les collectivités de taille plus
importante (celles dont la population était supérieure à 25 000 habitants). Pour
ralentir la disparition d'immeubles historiques, les auteurs recommandent instamment
aux municipalités ontariennes d'utiliser leurs pouvoirs en vertu de la Loi pour
désigner des immeubles possédant une valeur significative sur le plan du patrimoine
culturel, tout en faisant la promotion des avantages de cette désignation auprès des
propriétaires d'immeubles et en leur accordant une aide financière. Ils recommandent
aussi l'établissement de mesures cohérentes et normalisées pour la classification et
l'inscription de structures historiques, et le partage des pratiques exemplaires
appliquées par les municipalités dont les initiatives sont couronnées de succès. Dans
son étude publiée en 2000, Shipley se penche sur une préoccupation largement
répandue selon laquelle une classification patrimoniale contribue à réduire la valeur
des propriétés, en comparant les prix de vente observés de près de 3 000 propriétés
dans 24 collectivités ontariennes aux tendances ambiantes du marché au sein de la
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même collectivité. Il conclut qu'un classement patrimonial n'a pas d'effet négatif sur
la valeur des propriétés; au contraire, il existe un solide marché immobilier pour les
propriétés classées parmi les richesses du patrimoine, puisque 74 pour cent des
propriétés patrimoniales se sont vendues à des prix égaux ou supérieurs aux valeurs
moyennes. De plus, les valeurs des propriétés patrimoniales ont tendance à mieux
résister aux récessions économiques. Par l'intermédiaire d'un examen exhaustif de la
jurisprudence, Rust-D'Eye décrit dans son étude l'expérience observée en Ontario
pendant les 30 ans d'existence des dispositions de la Loi sur le patrimoine, plus
précisément le classement patrimonial, les accords de servitude et la création de
quartiers de conservation du patrimoine. Il conclut que la Loi a échoué puisqu'elle
n'est pas parvenue à offrir une protection valable au patrimoine culturel de l'Ontario
dans les petites et grandes collectivités. Faute de ressources et d'expertise technique
adéquates, les petites collectivités ont éprouvé des difficultés à gérer toute forme de
programme axé sur le patrimoine, tandis que les centres urbains de plus grande taille
ont été dépassés par l'importance et l'ampleur de leurs ressources patrimoniales face
aux intenses pressions exercées par le développement urbain. Il fait appel au
gouvernement provincial pour inciter les municipalités à prendre des mesures
efficaces pour protéger les ressources patrimoniales de l'Ontario.
Quoi de neuf ?
À la librairie
Aplin, Graeme. 2002. Heritage: Identification, Conservation and Management.
Londres: Oxford University Press.
Dans son ouvrage, Aplin compare les enjeux entourant les ressources patrimoniales
en Australie, aux États-Unis, en Nouvelle-Zélande, en Afrique du Sud, en Chine, en
Thaïlande et dans les pays de l'Europe occidentale, en se référant aux perceptions,
aux stratégies et aux structures de gouvernance à l'intérieur des différentes instances
gouvernementales. Il considère l'éventail des sites patrimoniaux à l'échelle locale –
dont les monuments historiques et les parcs à l'état naturel – et il analyse leurs liens
avec le tourisme et des enjeux connexes comme leur gestion et leur interprétation à
l'intention des touristes.
Logan, William S. (dir.). 2002. The Disappearing ‘Asian' City: Protecting Asia's
Urban Heritage in a Globalizing World. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
Ce livre contient une étude comparative des attitudes, des dangers, des politiques de
planification et des pratiques concernant le patrimoine urbain dans 13 villes
asiatiques. Comportant une optique tant historique que contemporaine, les études de
cas mettent en relief la complexité des raisons d'ordre politique, religieux, esthétique
et économique qui sous-tendent la préservation, la destruction ou la réutilisation du
patrimoine bâti des villes.
Murray, Chris. 2001. Making Sense of Place: New Approaches to Place
Marketing. Londres: Comedia and De Montfort University.
Cet ouvrage présente une critique des pratiques en matière de promotion des localités
au Royaume-Uni qui comportent une interprétation trop étroite du patrimoine comme
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étant orientée vers son passé historique. Murray soutient que des pratiques
innovatrices qui contribuent à revitaliser efficacement les cités, les villes et les
régions du Royaume-Uni (en faisant place à la créativité, à la mise en valeur de la
vitalité culturelle, à la promotion de la diversité et du caractère distinct) sont absentes
des mesures et de la documentation utilisées pour faire la promotion des localités. Il
propose un plan d'action en six volets pour réinventer le marketing des localités.
Orbasli, Aylin. 2000. Tourists in Historic Towns: Urban Conservation and
Heritage Management. Londres: E & FN Spon
Ce livre contient une analyse des liens qui unissent la culture, le patrimoine, la
conservation et le développement du tourisme dans des villes historiques et des
centres urbains. En utilisant cinq villes historiques à titre d'études de cas, (Grenade
en Espagne, York en Angleterre, Mdina à Malte, Antalaya en Turquie et
Quedlingburg en Allemagne), Orbasli fait valoir la nécessité d'assurer un équilibre
entre, d'une part, le développement touristique et la gestion des visiteurs, et, d'autre
part, les objectifs du développement durable et le développement communautaire.
Stipe, Robert E. (dir.) 2003. A Richer Heritage: Historic Preservation in the
Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Cet ouvrage présente un cadre de référence pour comprendre l'historique de la
préservation du patrimoine aux États-Unis dans le contexte des politiques
gouvernementales et de la législation, l'évolution des valeurs de la culture américaine
et les principes économiques de la conservation. Des universitaires et des spécialistes
réputés donnent un aperçu de l'éventail actuel des philosophies et des stratégies
relatives au patrimoine, et ils présentent des recommandations pour la mise en place
de stratégies publiques et privées appropriées en matière de conservation.
Colloques et événements
“Eleventh International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment
in the 21st Century.” 12-14 avril 2005. Algarve, Portugal.
www.wessex.ac.uk/conferences/2005/ut05/
Département de science politique et de relations internationales. “Rethinking
European Spaces: Territory, Borders, Governance.” 21-22 avril 2005. Surrey,
Royaume-Uni.
www.chrisrumford.org.uk
UNICEF et le Graduate Program in International Affairs (GPIA), New School
University. “Children and Poverty: Global Trends, Local Solutions?” 25-27 avril
2005. New York, New York.
Environmental Design Research Association. “Children's Environments Research
and Design: Diverse Perspectives, Diverse Outcomes.” 27 avril 2005. Vancouver,
Colombie-Britannique.
edra.org/conference/pdfs/EDRA36CFP(7).pdf
Architectural Conservancy of Ontario et Patrimoine communautaire de l'Ontario.
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“Saving Our Institutional Buildings.” 29 avril 2005. Windsor, Ontario.
windsorconference.info/
The Cultural Future of Small Cities, Gallerie d'art de Kamloops et University College
of the Cariboo. “Small Cities Forum.” 4-7 mai 2005. Kamloops, ColombieBritannique.
Festival de l'architecture de l'IRAC. “Célébrer la ville.” 5-7 mai 2005. Edmonton,
Alberta.
www.raicfestival2005.ca
DOCOMOMO Ontario et la Fondation architecturale de Winnipeg. “La sauvegarde
du Moderne au Canada. Sites, ensembles et bâtiments, 1945-2005.” 6-8 mai
2005. Université Trent, Peterborough, Ontario.
www.moderncanada.ca/
National Trust for Historic Preservation National Main Streets Conference. “Cool
Cities: Old Buildings, New Attitudes.” 8-11 mai 2005. Baltimore, Maryland.
conference.mainstreet.org/
Centre du Patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO, Gouvernement municipal de Vienne,
Conseil international des monuments et des sites (ICOMOS), et Ministère australien
de l'Éducation, des Sciences et de la Culture. “Patrimoine mondial et architecture
contemporaine.” 12-14 mai 2005. Vienne, Austriche.
www.worldheritage2005.at/fr/home.htm
Local Initiatives Service Corporation. “Urban Forum 2005.” 23-25 mai 2005. San
Francisco, Californie.
www.lisc.org
“Urbistique Montréal 2005. Les nouvelles tendances du développement urbain
intégré.” 23-25 mai 2005. Montréal, Québec.
www.congresbcu.com/urbistics/fr/default_fra.htm
Troisième conférence de l'InASEA. “Urban Life and Culture in Southeast
Europe.” 26-29 mai 2005. Belgrade, Serbie et Monténégro.
www-gewi.kfunigraz.ac.at/inasea/conference3.html
Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial
Planning (FORMAS). “International Conference for Integrating Urban
Knowledge & Practice: Life in the Urban Landscape.” 29 mai - 3 juin 2005.
Gothenburg, Suède.
www.urbanlife2005.com/files/LUL_programme.pdf
Alliance of National Heritage Areas. 2005 International Heritage Development
Conference. “Creating Economic Futures: One Story at a Time.” 4-8 juin 2005.
Nashville, Tennessee.
www.nationalheritageareas.com/
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Baltic Sea Region Cultural Heritage Forum. “Urban Heritage – Collective
Privilege.” 9-12 juin 2005. Helsinki, Finlande.
www.nba.fi/tiedostot/75d7aede.pdf
Research Committee, Environment and Society. “Technonatures 111:
Environments, Technologies, Spaces and Places in the 21st Century.” 6-9 juillet,
2005. Stockholm, Suède.
www.scasss.uu.se/IIS2005/total_webb/frame.html
International Congress on Environmental Planning and Management.
“Environmental Challenges of Urbanization.” 11-15 septembre 2005. Brasilia,
Brésil.
www.urbenvironcongress.com
Fondation Héritage Canada. “Conférence annuelle 2005: Conservation du
patrimoine et développement durable.” 15-17 septembre, 2005. Régina,
Saskatchewan.
www.heritagecanada.org/fre/conf.html
Winnipeg Inner city Research Alliance. “CUexpo2005 – Community University
Research Partnerships: Leaders in Urban Change.” 15-18 septembre 2005.
Winnipeg, Manitoba.
cuexpo.uwinnipeg.ca/
Organisation des villes du patrimoine mondial. “8ème Colloque mondial.” 20-23
septembre 2005. Cusco, Pérou.
www.cusco8col.com.pe/fr/index.php
49ème Congrès mondial de l'IFHP. “Urban Futures, Continuities and
Discontinuities.” 2-5 octobre 2005. Rome, Italie.
www.ifhp.org
15 ème assemblée générale du Conseil international des monuments et des sites
(ICOMOS) et symposium scientifique. “Monuments et sites dans leur milieu –
Conserver le patrimoine culturel dans des villes et paysages en mutation.” 17-21
octobre 2005. Xi'an, Chine.
www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/home_fra.htm
Ligue des villes historiques. “9ème Conférence mondiale sur les villes
historiques.” 18-20 octobre. Gyeongju, République de Corée.
www.city.kyoto.jp/somu/kokusai/lhcs/lhc/conference01.htm
Society for American City and Regional Planning History (SACRPH). “11th
Biennial Conference on Planning History.” 20-23 octobre 2005. Coral Gables,
Floride.
www.urban.uiuc.edu/sacrph/conference/conference.html
Recherches en politiques publiques
Ahlberg, Nils. 2004. The Urban Heritage – A Starting-Point for Development.
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Document présenté au Forum mondial urbain II, 2004, Barcelone.
www.raa.se/english/suhntest/wuf/papers/paper_nils_ahlberg.pdf
Avrami, Erica, Randall Mason, et Marta de la Torre. 2000. Values and Heritage
Conservation: Research Report. Los Angeles: Getty Conservation Institute.
Bruce, Shelley. 1999. The Exchange District: A National Historic Site – Heritage
Interpretation Strategy. Winnipeg: The Exchange District Heritage Partnership.
www.winnipeg.ca/ppd/historic/ED%20interp%20strategy.pdf
Buggey, Susan. 2002. La stratégie globale du patrimoine mondial et les sites
culturels canadiens d'une valeur universelle exceptionnelle. Gatineau, Québec:
Parcs Canada.
www.pc.gc.ca/progs/spm-whs/itm5-/index_f.asp
Campos, Joao. 2003. The Cultural Consistence of Built Heritage Constitutes Its
Intangible Dimension.
www.international.icomos.org/victoriafalls2003/papers/
A1-6%20-%20Campos%20+%20photos.pdf
Centre for Community Study. 2004. Memo Re: The Role of Heritage in Hamilton's
Economic Development Strategy. Hamilton: CCS Cities Research.
www.communitystudy.ca/ecdev_memo.pdf
Commission canadienne du tourisme. 2002. Les Canadiens amateurs de tourisme
patrimonial: Analyse spéciale de l'Enquête sur les activités et les préférences en
matière de voyages (EAPV). Sommaire.
www.canadatourisme.com/ctx/files/publication/data/fr_ca/research/
_market_research/canada_marketing/canada_heritage_tourism_enthusiasts_
tams_executive_summary_2002/canada_heritage_TAMS_exec.pdf
Conseil des ministres des pays nordiques. 2003. Baltic Sea Region Co-operation on
Sustainable Urban Heritage Management: Activities of the Working Group
Sustainable Historic Towns, 2001-2002. Copenhagen: Conseil des ministres des
pays nordiques.
www.norden.org/pub/kultur/kultur/sk/TN2003565.pdf
Conseil des organismes du patrimoine d'Ottawa (COPO). 2003. The Case for
Preserving and Enhancing City Support for Local Heritage.
choocopo.ca/english/pdf/keymessages.pdf
Conseil des organismes du patrimoine d'Ottawa. 2002. A Response to the Draft
Heritage Plan.
www.choocopo.ca/francais/pdf/general/responseheritageplanoct7-2002.pdf
de la Torre, Marta (dir.). 2002. Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage. Los
Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute.
www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/assessing.pdf
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Dengler-Schreiber, Karin. 2002. Integrating Cultural Heritage into the Living City:
Example Bamberg. Document préparé pour la 5ème Conférence annuelle
européenne sur la recherche, la protection et la promotion du patrimoine culturel, mai
2002, Cracovie, Pologne.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_dengler.pdf
Deodhar, Vinita. 2004. Does the Housing Market Value Heritage? Some Empirical
Evidence. Sydney, Australie.
www.econ.mq.edu.au/research/2004/Deodhar_Mar04.pdf
Direction de la promotion et de la mise en valeur du Vieux-Montréal. 2003. Rapport
synthèse de la 8e Conférence mondiale des villes historiques, Montréal, 6-8 octobre
2003.
www.vieux.montreal.qc.ca/2003/rapp/fra/rap_tmat.htm
Dupagne, Albert, et Jacques Teller. 2002. The Application of EIA/SEA Procedures
to the Urban Cultural Heritage Active Conservation. Document préparé pour la
5ème Conférence annuelle européenne sur la recherche, la protection et la promotion
du patrimoine culturel, mai 2002, Cracovie, Pologne.
www.heritage.xtd.pl/pdf/full_dupagne.pdf
Erlien G., et R. Kveine. 2004. “Disciplines, Attitudes – and Practical Tools for a
Change.” City & Time 1 Vol. 1. No. 1: 2.
www.ceci-br.org/novo/revista/include/getdoc.php?
id=86&article=9&mode=pdf
Gligorijevi•, Žaklina. 2004. US Public-Private Development Experience for Serbian
Urban Heritage Improvement: Possibilities for Implementation in Urban
Recycling Strategy. Document préparé pour la conférence “Winds of Societal
Change: Remaking Post-Communist Cities”, juin 2004, Université de l'Illinois.
www.reec.uiuc.edu/events/FisherForum/FisherForum2004/Gligorijevic.pdf
Gouvernement de Hong Kong. 2002. Working Paper No. 9: Built Heritage
Preservation. Hong Kong: Gouvernement de Hong Kong.
www.info.gov.hk/hk2030/hk2030content/wpapers/wpaper_9/
e_wpaper_9.htm
Gouvernement de l'Australie du Sud. 2003. Heritage Directions: A Future for Built
Heritage in South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage.
www.environment.sa.gov.au/heritage/pdfs/heritage_directions.pdf
Grattan, Naomi. 2004. ICCROM et la sensibilisation du public. Rome, Italie:
ICCROM.
www.iccrom.org/eng/e-docs/ICCROM_03PublicAdvocacy.pdf
Hartfield, Michael. A Participatory Approach to the Assessment of Built Heritage:
An Example from Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand. Conférence DevNet 2002,
décembre 2002, Massey University, NZ.
www.devnet.org.nz/conf2002/papers/Hartfield_Michael.pdf
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Hassler, Uta, Gregers Algreen-Ussing, et Niklaus Kohler. 2002. Cultural Heritage
and Sustainable Development in SUIT. Sustainable Development of Urban
Historical Areas through an Active Integration within Towns (SUIT).
www.lema.ulg.ac.be/research/suit/Reports/Public/SUIT5.2c_PPaper.pdf
Heritage Victoria. 2001. Heritage Listing & Property Valuations in Victoria.
www.heritage.vic.gov.au/pages/pdfs/listingpropertyvalues.pdf
ICOMOS. 2003. Heritage at Risk: ICOMOS World Report 2002-2003 on
Monuments and Sites in Danger. Paris: ICOMOS. (Préfaxe et introduction
disponibles en français).
www.international.icomos.org/risk/2002/index.html
Joyner, Ann. 2003. Focused Discussion: Hamilton Cultural Heritage. Hamilton:
Dillon Consulting.
www.vision2020.hamilton.ca/downloads/consultation-reports/
Cultural-Heritage-Focused-Discussion.pdf
Karmowska, Joanna. 2002. Cultural Heritage as an Element of Marketing Strategy
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urban nexus / Nexus des enjeux urbains

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