Asymétrie Matière
Transcription
Asymétrie Matière
Comprend-on aujourd’hui l’asymétrie matière-antimatière ? !"#$%&'()*+,-./0()1/120()/,13./456(&7(89%:(5"$%;<1=>( !"#$%&"'()*+,*!-.%/$0%/.("&.*%*12* Structure de la matière Photo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ymétrie Matière-Antimatière PG+23'7#(*6-*Q./'"*'*R*&#,37#(&*S* ,G+,-")/#(* TTTT* A=&(;%B9%C&('"(>&=D%@E&(;?'=F?9(G( !*Z.-(*T* !*[,-")/#(*6G+(-/=.-*(+='78-*\* !*](-*%'/7"3,-*6-*";'/=-*^I*TTT* !*P-*%/#)#(*T**A'.&*&'*$'&&-*-&)*RJJJ*0#.&*%,3&*=/'(6-* Q./'"*.(8-()-* ,G'(7+,-")/#(** -(*IUVJ* e–! !! +,-")/#(* Y,#$9( e+! !! %#&.)/#(* IUVR*1*W(6-/&#(*6+"#38/-*,-*%#&.)/#(** 6'(&*,-&*/'X#(&*"#&$.23-&* !"#$%&"'()*+,*!-.%/$0%/.("&.**%*13* L’antimatière +,-")/#( e– !! %/#)#( p+! 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HIJ?$@E&()5H( Y'/7"3,-*-)*'(7%'/7"3,-*#()1* !*$_$-*$'&&-* !*$_$-*63/+-*6-*8.-*)#)',-* ! *";'/=-*#%%#&+-* ! *$_$-*$#$-()*$'=(+723-* !*-)"`* !"#$%&"'()*+,*!-.%/$0%/.("&.*%*14* P-*);+#/B$-* aYb* c P-&*V*&X$+)/.-&*$./#./*a<*Y*-)*b* c Y'3,.<*Pd6-/&<*e-,,*1*,'*&X$+)/.-*aYb*6#.)*_)/-* /-&%-")+-* c f(.7',-$-()<*,-&*%;X&.".-(&*%-(&'.-()*23-*,-&* &X$+)/.-&*a<*Y*-)*b*+)'.-()*/-&%-")+-&* &+%'/+$-()* c IUKM*1*6+"#38-/)-*8.#,'7#(*6-*Y* c IUMg*1*6+"#38-/)-*8.#,'7#(*6-*aY*%'/* O`*h.)";<*i`*a/#(.(<*Z`*b3/,'X*-)*i`*a;/.&)-(&#(* P-*);+#/B$-* aYb* c b;+#/B$-*aYb<*&X$+)/.-&*6.&"/B)-&<* &.=(.F"'7#(*63*);+#/B$-*aYb* c aYb*"#$$-*);+#/B$-*&'"/#&'.()*:.(8'/.'("-* 6-*P#/-()j<*3(.)'/.)+<*-&%'"-!)-$%&*%,')@* c a'&*6-*,'*=/'8.)'7#(*23.*%#3//'.)*8.#,-/*aYb* :-(*)#3)*"'&<*#(*(-*&'.)*%'&*6+$#()/-/*,-* );+#/B$-*-(*-&%'"-*"#3/9-<*8.#,'7#(* "#((3-*6-*aYb*6'(&*,-*"'&*6k3(-*)#%#,#=.-* (#(*)/.8.',-*h`*l,.(4;'$$-/@* PG'(7$'7B/-*1* ,'*$'7B/-*23.*/-$#()-*,-*)-$%&* Y#3/23#.*"#(&.6B/-!)!#(*23-*,-* $#(6-*6-*,G'(7$'7B/-*/-&&-$9,-* -5)/_$-$-()*0#/)*E*"-,3.*6-*,'* $'7B/-*T* ! >;--,-/*-)*h-X($'(1*3(*%#&.)/#(*-&)* -(*0'.)*3(*+,-")/#(*23.*/-$#()-*,-* )-$%&* ! >;--,-/*'*$_$-*-(8.&'=+*,'* %#&&.9.,.)+*23G.,*(G-5.&)-*6G3(*&-3,* +,-")/#(*6'(&*,G3(.8-/&\* ! 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Les trois conditions de Sakharov .'(L&=7(X(":?%$(";XEJ7$%&(&97$&(E"F@$&(&7("9FE"F@$&(;%( c*O.#,'7#(*63*(#$9/-*9'/X#(.23-* 䚏 se produit dans les );+#/.-&*6-*=/'(6-*3(.F"'7#(* Y'/*-5-$%,-*1*%*䚏 e+ π0* W`*C'4;'/#8* c*f,*-5.&)-*3(-*8.#,'7#(*6-*aY* :6.&&X$+)/.-*$'7B/-*L*'(7$'7B/-@* **#9&-/8+-*%#3/*,-*4'#(*(-3)/-** •>J;JS=%'%#$&(T( 5$?>=MF?9(>N=9('JB&$( U(VVV(VVV(VVV( "9FL$?7?9;( **:aYPrWZ@*-)*,-*e*(-3)/-*:-5%+/.-("-*e'9'/@* ?=("9F9&=7$?9;W( pour U(VVV(VVV(VVU( c*f,*X*'*-3*3(*6+&+23.,.9/-*);-/$#6X('$.23-* );-/$#6X('$.23-*&3q&'()*'3*$#$-()*6-&*%/#"-&&3&*8.#,'()* L$?7?9;( ?=(9&=7$?9;W( ,'*&X$+)/.-*aY* **a#(6.7#(*F(',-$-()*'&&-j*"#()/'.=('()-! !"#$%&"'()*+,*!-.%/$0%/.("&.*%1)5* s.&)#./-*);-/$.23-* 6-*,G3(.8-/&* c Y,3&*#(*-&)*%/#";-*63*e.=!e'(=<*%,3&* $'7B/-*-)*'(7$'7B/-*&#()*%/+&-()-&* -(*23'(7)+&*+=',-&* c t3'(6*,'*)-$%+/')3/-*9'.&&-<*$'7B/-* -)*'(7$'7B/-*&G'((.;.,-()* c Q'(&*(#)/-*-(8./#((-$-()<*.,*(GX*'* %/'723-$-()*%,3&*23-*6-*,'*$'7B/-* c Y#3/23#.*"-o-*6.&&X$+)/.-*T* c t3-,,-*-&)*,'*)/'(&.7#(*#u*&-*"#(&)/3.)* ,G'&X$+)/.-*:N]b<*r><*taQ*T@* c :e!P@*#3*:e^P@*"#(&-/8+&1*,G'&X$+)/.-* 6G3(-*)/'(&.7#(*%-3)*_)/-*6+)/3.)-*%'/* ,'*&3.8'()-* Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Predictions and observational status 10-5 10-9 10-10 A. Coc et al., 2004 A. Coc, 2007 10 Weak interactions decoupling Example of important changes induced by linear scale factor Weak interactions decoupling: Standard model: 1 MeV Dirac-Milne: 80 keV Neutrinos decoupling after e+e- annihilation Neutrino background temperature same as CMB (Lohiya et al. 98) Standard model Dirac-Milne 11 IUKM*1*6+"#38-/)-*6-*,'*8.#,'7#(*6-* ,'*%'/.)+* c v(*%-(&'.)*.(.7',-$-()*23-*,'*&X$+)/.-* $./#./*:Y@*+)'.)*/-&%-")+-* c P-&*);+#/.".-(&*a;-(*m.(=*w'(=*-)*b&3(=!Q'#* P--*%/#%#&-()*-(*IUKM*,G.6+-*23-*,-&* .()-/'"7#(&*0'.9,-&*(-*/-&%-")-()*%'&*,'* &X$+)/.-*$./#./* c Y-3*'%/B&<*a;.-(!C;.3(=*>3<*%;X&.".-((-* ";.(#.&-<*/+',.&-*3(-*-5%+/.-("-*23.* 6+$#()/-*6-*0'x#(*+",')'()-*"-o-*8.#,'7#(* PG'(7$'7B/-*1* ,'*$'7B/-*23.*/-$#()-*,-*)-$%&* ! Y9($"%;?9(>=(;"M$?<;"%97(7IJ?$@E&()5H0(?9(;N"Q&9>(Z(M&(S=N=9&( >%[J$&9M&(>&(M?EL?$7&E&97(&97$&(E"F@$&(&7("9FE"F@$&(;?%7( ";;?M%J(Z(=9&(>%[J$&9M&(>=(E\E&(?$>$&(>"9;('"($J:&$;%#%'%7J( 7&EL?$&''&( U*#")#9/-*RJJM** N`*a;'/6.(<*QWYmfWnCYY* O.#,'7#(*6-*b*6'(&*,-&*%/#"-&&3&* $."/#&"#%.23-&* ! ! U*#")#9/-*RJJM** K%?'"F?9(>&()5(?#;&$:J&(>@;(U]^_(P`%7MI0()$?9%90(H=$'"XR( 5$&E%@$&(?#;&$:"F?9(>&('"(:%?'"F?9(>&(H(>"9;(=9(L$?M&;;=;( E%M$?;M?L%S=&(&9(U]]a( P6_("9;("L$@;('"(>JM?=:&$7&(>&('N";XEJ7$%&(E"F@$&<"9FE"F@$&(bR( N`*a;'/6.(<*QWYmfWnCYY* O.#,'7#(*6-*b*6'(&*,-&*%/#"-&&3&* $."/#&"#%.23-&* ! U*#")#9/-*RJJM** 5$&E%@$&(?#;&$:"F?9(>&('"(:%?'"F?9(>&(H(>"9;(=9(L$?M&;;=;( E%M$?;M?L%S=&(&9(U]]a( P6_("9;("L$@;('"(>JM?=:&$7&(>&('N";XEJ7$%&(E"F@$&<"9FE"F@$&(bR( N`*a;'/6.(<*QWYmfWnCYY* c&($J;='7"7(>&()5cY+,* AT t Asymétrie AT = 0,0066 ± 0,0013stat ± 0,0010syst! Les processus microscopiques ne sont pas réversibles * eWeWZ*Q-)-")#/* 1.5T solenoid DIRC (PID) 144 quartz bars 11000 PMs e- (9GeV) Instrumented Flux Return iron / RPCs (muon / neutral hadrons) EMC 6580 CsI(Tl) crystals e+ (3.1GeV) Drift Chamber 40 layers Silicon Vertex Tracker 5 layers, double sided strips ](*RB$-*-5-$%,-*6G'&X$+)/.-* $'7B/-!'(7$'7B/-* • Produire des mésons et antimésons B mesons • Compter les désintégrations en paires K! pairs (kaon + pion) • Même charge pour le kaon le plus courant que pour les "électrons" des atomes de l'observateur"? • "Oui" : alors vous êtes constitués d'antimatière • Demi-tour ! -J;%97JB$"F?9( >&('"(E"F@$&* • a#(8-/=-("-*6-&*0#/"-&* 6G.()-/'"7#(@* • PG3(.F"'7#(*6-&*0#/"-&* %/+8#.)*6-&*$#6-&*6-* 6+&.()+=/'7#(*63*%/#)#(*-)* 63*(-3)/#(*:,.+@*"'/*-,,-* '3)#/.&-*%'/*(')3/-*6-&* %'&&'=-&*-()/-*23'/4&*-)* ,-%)#(&* -J;%97JB$"F?9( >&('"(E"F@$&* • v(*'*",'&&.F+*,-&*"#(&7)3'()&*6-*,'*$'7B/-*-(*23'/4&*-)* ,-%)#(&`* • f(6."'7#(&*23G.,*-5.&)-*3(*y%'&&'=-z*-()/-*-35*:";'/=-* +,-")/.23-*.6-(723-<*"#(8-/=-("-*6-&*0#/"-&*6G.()-/'"7#(@* • PG3(.F"'7#(*6-&*0#/"-&*%/+8#.)*6-&*$#6-&*6-*6+&.()+=/'7#(* 63*%/#)#(*-)*63*(-3)/#(* • r5-$%,-1*%*"*-^*^*#{* • P'*y*$'7B/-*z*&-*6+&.()B=/-*-(*y*'(7$'7B/-*z*S* 89%CM"F?9(>&;(O?$M&;* • a#(8-/=-("-*6-&*0#/"-&* 6G.()-/'"7#(@* • Y#3/*#9)-(./*'3*$#X-(*6G3(* '""+,+/')-3/*,G+(-/=.-* (+"-&&'./-*E*,G3(.F"'7#(* 6-&*0#/"-&*0'.9,-<*0#/)-*-)* +,-")/#!$'=(+723-<*.,* 0'36/'.)*3(*'""+,+/')-3/* %,3&*=/'(6*23-*,-*&X&)B$-* &#,'./-* v9&-/8-/*,'*6+&.()+=/'7#(*6-*,'*$'7B/-* • \%3.&*/-='/6-/*%-(6'()* 23-,23-&*'((+-&*)#3)-* 6+&.()+=/'7#(*6'(&* 23-,23-&*$.,,.-/&*6-* )#((-&*6-*$'7B/-\* • \%'/*-5-$%,-<*,-&*KJ*JJJ* )#((-&*6G-'3*3,)/'!%3/-* 63*6+)-")-3/* C3%-/4'$.#4'(6-*'3* i'%#(*