Boletín de resúmenes

Abril 2013 Nº12 Boletín de resúmenes Boletín de resúmenes de artículos de revistas recibidas durante
el mes de abril en el Centro de Información Territorial de Aragón
• Arcnews • Arcuser • Estratos • Siglo XXI de Aragón • Urbanisme ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 U‐Spatial: A Consortium for the Spatial University Francis Harvey, Len Kne, Steven Manson 1‐7 Resumen It is increasingly apparent to many within academia and beyond that spatial thinking, technologies, systems, and services matter. Building on a rich history of research, scholarship, and teaching related to spatial topics, the University of Minnesota (UMN) has embarked on a visionary endeavor called U‐Spatial to develop a collaborative consortium that supports the spatial sciences and creative activities. Transforming ArcGIS into a Platform 1‐9 Jack Dangermond Resumen At the foundation of Esri’s work are the belief and vision that geography is a science that creates a better understanding of our world. Using GIS, geography has also become a unifying framework for integrating many forms of digital information. GIS has now become an important technology in almost every field, improving efficiency, communication, and decision making. Esri’s Geoloqi Acquisition 1‐3 Amber Case Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Resumen What could your mobile application do if it knew where it was? Persistent location awareness has been the Holy Grail of location‐based services (LBS), particularly now that GPS has become a standard feature on today’s mobile phones. Yet, until now, battery life has been a common issue that has prevented a satisfactory user experience. Geoloqi has created a patent‐pending technology that cracks that nut by getting clever about how to manage the native location tracking capabilities on a smartphone and optimize those services to give the application an awareness of when its user is near a relevant point of interest. Esri Host WWW Conference – Reinventing the Art of Conversation 1‐5 Resumen What happens when some of the world’s brightest minds come together in one location to talk one‐on‐one about anything and everything? No script. No preparation. No podium or teleprompters. It’s more than an interesting premise or an esoteric exercise of what if. This past fall, it was a reality. The result was open, honest conversation about topics ranging from climate change to video games, insects, the inner city, and even the end of the world as we know it. 1 ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 GIS HERO Gref Babinski: Tireless Advocate for Expanding GIS Use in Local Government 10 Resumen In 1971, when there were few employment opportunities for geography students beyond the classroom, Greg Babinski graduated from Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, with a bachelor’s degree in geography. One of his teachers was William Bunge, who contributed to the understanding and application of quantitative geography. This research was later further developed with the expanded use of GIS technology. “Influenced by the social unrest of the 1960s, Bunge became a political radical,” says Babinski, “but he had great insight into the power of spatial analysis for social justice.” GIS PRODUCT NEWS ARCGIS ONLINE ‐ Feature Multiple Web Maps in One Application ‐ ArcGIS for Aviation Improves Aeronautical Data Management and Chard Production ‐ A Clear Path to ArcGIS Online 10.1 ‐ The Demographic State of the United States in 2012 12‐15 Resumen Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 This regular column contains information about the latest updates to ArcGIS Online, including new features and capabilities, as well as updates to basemaps and content contributed by the global user community through the Community Maps Program. GIS FOR BETTER CITY PARKS Alexandria, Virginia, Gets Serious About Park and Play Space 16 Improvements Robby Layton 2 Resumen The United States is experiencing an obesity epidemic. People in Alexandria, Virginia, have decided to do something about it. A 2007 study determined that more than 43 percent of children in the city between the ages of two and five were overweight or obese. Recognizing that getting children active through healthy play is one way to address the problem, several local organizations partnered to obtain a grant from the Kaiser Permanente Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) program to conduct a study and improve access to public and semipublic play spaces throughout the city. ArcGIS is used to map the locations of play spaces and analyze play throughout the city. GIS allows planners to decide where play spaces should be improved or added. ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 Website Helps Discover, Explore, and Improve US City Parks Breece Robertson, Bob Heuer 17 Resumen The 40 largest cities in the United States each have their own character and personality. But one thing that they all have in common is the need for a great park system. Some cities are well on their way to achieving this goal, but others have a great deal of work to do. Parks are important to communities because nearby opportunities to exercise and experience nature are essential for physical and mental well‐being. Studies show that parks can encourage physical activity, revitalize local economies, and help bring neighborhoods together. GIS can be a valuable tool for improving park access. Built with ArcGIS, ParkScore is a free tool that empowers both individuals and city leaders to improve park systems. Assessing Accessibility to San Antonio Neighborhood Parks Shubhangi Jangam, Azza Kamal 18 Resumen The significance of parks and recreational facilities was recognized and linked to social life and health in the past century. Since then, cities began to preserve land for parks and recreation. The city of San Antonio is being investigated in this study for its offering of adequate neighborhood parks. ArcGIS helps identify neighborhoods lacking easy access to parks. Inequality of access to parks among children 0 to 15 years old is revealed by GIS. GIS proximity analysis is a strong tool for cities and counties to leverage park accessibility policies. Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Model a New Neighborhood Park in Los Angeles, California 19 Resumen The new edition of Understanding GIS: An ArcGIS Project Workbook (for ArcGIS 10.1) takes a fresh approach to teaching the essentials of ArcGIS for Desktop. Where the majority of introductory GIS workbooks are organized around the features and functions of the software, Understanding GIS is built around a realworld geographic analysis project. GIS IN AFRICA GIS help fight World’s leading cause of preventable blindness 20‐21 3 Resumen It feels like thorns scraping your eyes each time you blink. Repeated infections during your childhood lead to scarring of the conjunctiva, or inner mucous membrane of the upper eyelid. Your eyelashes turn inward and scratch the cornea. Slowly, painfully, you may go totally blind. The affliction is called trachoma, and it affects mostly women and children among the poorest of the poor, especially in regions that have limited access to sanitation and water. Esri spatial technology is helping international efforts to eliminate blinding trachoma by 2020.Smartphone data transferred to ArcGIS servers and maps reveal hidden prevalence of trachoma. ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 Improving service delivery and collaboration in South Africa 22 Resumen Named for one of South Africa’s 20th‐century democracy advocates, the Frances Baard Municipality District is situated in a mostly rural area of the country’s orthern central region. A sunny and semiarid climate and natural rivers make it a popular tourist destination for bird‐watchers, hunters, and photographers. The region is well known for its agriculture, with exports of fruit and vegetables, as well as mining activities. Using ArcGIS for Server, the Corporate GIS unit has made its data available to all local municipalities through a web portal. The Frances Baard Municipality District fixed spatial errors by re‐creating the parcels in ArcGIS based on the coordinates provided in source documents. GIS has facilitated more accurate utility billing, which in turn has created a better revenue stream for the district. Creating a National Park from the bottom up 23 Resumen Three rivers surround 40,000 square kilometers of mysterious forest in the heart of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). Until very recently, it was unexplored. It has no airstrips; its paths are without bridges. No four‐wheel vehicles can come even to the sparse settlements, which are limited to the area’s periphery. The creation of Lomami National Park is proposed in the Democratic Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Republic of Congo. GIS operation in the field allowed community participation in defining boundaries of the park. The digital basemap was built from the ground up in central Africa. GIS IN ACTION GIS and ancient trees reveal past temperatures and climate change 26‐27 4 Resumen Walking among living trees that have stood on the side of a mountain since the times of Christ and Buddha is a humbling experience. In the White Mountains of California, ancient bristlecone pines grow to about two miles above sea level; above that, the weather is too harsh for trees to thrive or to even survive. Many of these trees are more than 3,000 years old and have made a living in an intensely harsh climate that is very dry, very cold, and very windy. The slopes are rocky and steep. The topography is complex.GIS helps determine the varying climate conditions individual trees experience in complex mountain environments. Using mountainside temperature data, ArcGIS Spatial Analyst spotlights summer variations of several degrees for individual trees. ArcGIS shows that over centuries, positions of trees have fluctuated up and down the mountain slope as temperatures changed. ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 Small town upgrades storm water management 28 Resumen The hydrology of landscapes surrounding urban areas is constantly changing due to the expansion of urban boundaries. As such, established and newly developing areas must implement cost‐effective means for restoring or minimizing the impact of change while planning for future growth. Among the many issues that can arise from increased urbanization, storm water management can pose significant challenges, particularly for municipalities located on floodplains. With GIS, officials view multiple georeferenced surveys at once and get a complete snapshot of the event. ArcGIS 3D Analyst and terrain dataset helped develop an accurate 3D representation of the town’s surface terrain. Calculations are automated within the GIS, minimizing data preparation and maximizing time spent assessing flood‐
related issues. Tracking vessels supports EU sustainable fishing policy 29 Resumen The European Union (EU) requires that fisheries be sustainable and not jeopardize fish stocks for future generations. Even so, Europe’s fish populations continue to decline. Therefore, the EU Commission Reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) has been assessing the way EU fisheries are managed and the challenges they Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 face. The commission concluded that the main contributor to overfishing is that the fleet’s fishing capacity is greater than its fishing opportunities. The Republic of Croatia is monitoring its fishing fleet along the shoreline of the Adriatic Sea by using ArcGIS to track and monitor vessels. GIS will help the country meet the European Union’s stringent fisheries policy. VMS is an open system compatible and easy to integrate with existing GIS environment and informational systems. A new probe for CSI? 30‐31 Resumen Bone researcher David C. Rose straddles two worlds. The Ohio State University (OSU) doctoral student in anthropology is also a captain in the University Police Division, a unique vantage point in which he sometimes deals with forensic investigations involving human remains. That exposure—and his focus on skeletal biology— prompted Rose to launch a project to determine if patterns of change inside human bones might reveal how they were used during life. ArcGIS software is used for the first time to map and analyze human bone microstructure. Mapping reveals spatial relationship of microscopic structures and how bone was used during life. University researchers prove that ArcGIS offers uses in forensic medicine, skeletal biology, and anthropology. 5 ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 Hardworking crime maps 32‐33 Resumen Catching criminals and enforcing the law can be arduous and time‐consuming. It’s a piece‐bypiece, evidence‐based process. And it doesn’t stop at apprehension. Arming prosecutors with the evidence they need to get a conviction is just as vital. ArcGIS extension specializes in the display of movements and events through time and space. With GIS and temporal tracking software, LA CLEAR maps cell towers to assimilate and comprehend complex cell datasets. The district attorney’s office can now demonstrate both time and space for its court presentations. Dodging cartography’s great nemesis 34 Bland Crowder Resumen Errors in maps cast doubt on their reliability and undermine the professionalism of the mapmaker. Plus, errors can be costly. One of the most insidious types of errors that can plague maps is the common misspelled word. There are as many reasons for not catching misspellings as there are steps in the map production process. Misspelled words can undermine the credibility of a map. HDR uses Edgetech America's extension for ArcGIS to spell‐check GIS objects, dynamic text, and format/XML tags. MapSpeller corrects all text added in‐house to HDR’s maps. All‐Island research observatory 35 Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Resumen The All‐Island Research Observatory (AIRO) is based at the National University of Ireland Maynooth (NUIM). It was set up under the guidance of the National Institute for Regional and Spatial Analysis and the National Centre for Geo‐
Computation. The AIRO project team developed GIS capability using ArcGIS Viewer for Flex. AIRO uses ArcGIS for Server to process and interpret data from Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. With its ArcGIS software‐enabled website, the AIRO project team has created an invaluable new decisionmaking tool. HUD GIS Web Service helps target aid 6 36 Resumen A household that is homeless or at risk of becoming homeless will likely receive help from a local housing or service provider supported with funding from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). HUD’s Office of Community Planning and Development (CPD) grants funds to state and local governments to provide people with decent housing and economic opportunities. HUD rules describe a process called the Consolidated Plan, where funding decisions are based on an evaluation of needs and market conditions in each grantee’s jurisdiction. Using ArcGIS API for Flex, HUD analysts built the user‐friendly CPD Maps application.CPD Maps helps reduce grantees’ paper work. Built on ArcGIS for Server, CPD Maps is one of many applications hosted on HUD’s enterprise GIS platform. ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 Geoviewer simplifies Italian hazardous incident response Francesco Astorri, Alberto Ricchiuti 37 Resumen In May 2012, the ancient cities of Modena and Ferrara in northern Italy were struck by a devastating earthquake. While the loss of life, property, and emblematic heritage structures was severe, the Italian National Institute for environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) provided support to the Italy Department of Civil Protection for emergency response activities by helping prevent or manage any potential loss of containment of dangerous substances from industrial plants in the area hit by the earthquake. The Italian government monitors hazardous materials with a geoviewer built on ArcGIS Online technology. ArcGIS Online easily supports inspectors, emergency responders, and decision makers anywhere they are connected to the Internet. Using the geoviewer, members of the Industrial Risk Division can prioritize damage site selection for teams of technicians on‐site. Facilitating and improving telecom network management 38 Resumen Dynamic growth of the present‐day telecommunications market makes operators keep looking for new and creative ways to beat increasing competition. Th e times when that competitive struggle was won by an operator with the largest network are gone for good. The seamless network inventory solution is based on an ArcGIS Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 for Server and Microsoft SQL Server platform. With GIS, operators’ network resources are visible against the background of digital vector and raster maps. The ArcGIS for Server inventory system quickly identifies potential failure locations and helps implementation of precise remedies. Using Mobile GIS, Bell Aliant improves its delivery of fiber optics to 39 its customers Resumen Bell Aliant, one of North America’s largest regional telecommunication service providers and the leading fi ber‐optic service provider in Canada, has set a goal to off er Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) technology to more than 650,000 customers by the end of 2012. An ArcGIS software‐based planto‐provision solution enables the development of customized design wizards. Location data is collected on mobile devices and automatically updated to the ArcGIS for Server geodatabase. Multitechnology infrastructure spatial data can be centrally stored and accessed with GIS. 7 ArcNews Vol.34, nº4 ‐ Winter 2012/2013 COMMUNITY NEWS ‐ Esri Regional User Conferences Spread ArcGIS Know‐How Around the Globe ‐ GIS Day 2012: Changing the World, One Event at a Time ‐ Esri Partner Solutions 40‐45 ‐ URISA’s 2012 Successes...Roll into a Busy 2013 ‐ The Geo‐Jargon Guide to GIS Leadership ‐ New Online Geography and GIS Resources ‐ ArcGIS for Server Disseminates Geospatial Services ‐ Advance Your Skills with New Esri Press Books ‐ France and South Africa—Can You See the Signs? Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 8 ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 Agents, models, and geodesign Michael Batty Portada 25‐27 Resumen There are now many new methods for modeling cities that differ from the traditional approaches to simulating urban structure, land use, and transportation fl ows. As data has become richer and bigger and computers have become all‐
pervasive, with ever‐increasing memories and ever‐faster processing times, it has become possible to model the behaviors of individual objects that make up data aggregates, such as populations, that were the focus of simulation models a decade or more ago. Individuals that compose these populations can now be represented as distinct objects within computations, now usually being referred to as agents. Geodesign tackles big problems and brings GIS into the design fields 1‐2 Resumen Four years ago, designer and technologist Bran Ferren issued a challenge during the first Geodesign Summit: become better storytellers using geodesign. Ferren, the chief creative offi cer of Applied Minds LLC, returned to Esri in January to keynote the fourth Geodesign Summit, reiterate his first call to action, and deliver Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 another: develop a 250‐year plan for the planet enabled by geodesign to create a vision of the future. “Geodesign combines geography and data with modeling, simulation, and visualization to tell stories and [show] the consequences of your actions,” Ferren told the more than 260 architects, urban and transportation planners, GIS and design professionals, educators, and others, in attendance. ArcGIS enables real‐time GIS 1‐3 Resumen ArcGIS includes the capability to use real‐time data in everyday decision making. Users will be able to answer questions, such as, Where are all the vehicles in my fl eet at this moment? and Are my fi eld personnel working within the designated project area? Th ey’ll be able to tell a customer that the delivery truck is 10 minutes away, get notified when a certain type of vehicle enters a dangerous area, alert the five nearest responders when an incident occurs, be warned when equipment begins operating abnormally, and even be able to monitor lightning strikes. Incorporate real‐time data into your decision‐making process. Visually track locations of field personnel and trigger alarms based on geographic and attribute rules. Analyze incoming streams of data to discover relevant patterns in real time. 9 ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 FEMA provides mapping assistance for superstorm Sandy Michael Batty 1‐4 Resumen In the immediate aftermath of Superstorm Sandy, tens of thousands of people were suffering from its impacts. Houses were destroyed, and whole communities lay devastated. As soon as Sandy finished, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) staff arrived to provide aid and assistance, including mapping. FEMA regional GIS coordinator Cory MacVie and FEMA geospatial coordinator Josh Keller created an application that allowed people to see what happened to their homes. GIS PRODUCT NEWS 6 Resumen This regular column contains information about the latest updates to ArcGIS Online, including new features and capabilities, as well as updates to basemaps and content contributed by the global user community through the Community Maps Program. In this issue, we are focusing on the new Community Maps design and basemap updates. Developer initiative lowers barriers to creating and sharing great 7 applications Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Resumen Developers interested in incorporating mapping and spatial analysis into their applications will see many exciting changes happening in 2013. Esri has undertaken a multifaceted initiative that will include API improvements, a better application management experience, documentation, improved ways for developers and partners to make applications available to end users, and a one‐stop website with all the resources developers need to get started. Esri will roll out these innovations over the first half of 2013. ArcGIS data reviewer for server now available 8 Resumen Data quality plays an important role in any organization that has adopted and is using GIS technology. When data meets agreed‐on standards for quality, its positive impacts are realized in multiple ways. ArcGIS for Server extension supports data quality control workflows. New ArcGIS extension engages a broad audience of users and stakeholders in the quality control process. ArcGIS Data Reviewer increases transparency by publishing data quality metrics. 10 ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 Many organizations need location analytics 9 Resumen If you’re reading ArcNews, chances are you have some kind of GIS practice within your organization. And chances are, you believe that geography can serve as the underlying platform, or common intersection, of all business systems and information. However, how do you know if new departments, or new colleagues who are not GIS professionals, would benefit from location analytics? URBAN SOLUTIONS WITH 3D GIS 3D Modeling shows off elevated rail system landscape 10 Resumen Being on island time conveys the aura that everything is as peaceful and slow traveling as an islander in paradise. In Honolulu, the islanders can boast they do travel slowly through their paradise, but maybe not so peacefully on their roadways, since Honolulu has claimed the top spot as the worst US city available or needed to be developed. Three core models were needed for the rail corridor geodesign process—walkability, urban growth, and densification. Esri CityEngine was used to improve the model by creating 3D geometry and applying textures. Through imaging and 3D software, holograms provided unique views for stakeholders and the public. Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Subsurface Utility data modeled in 3D 11 Resumen The Green Square Complex ‐ located in the heart of Raleigh, North Carolina’s capital city ‐ is a two‐block, multiuse sustainable development project that is now home to North Carolina’s state environmental offi ces and the new Nature Research Center. ArcGIS was used to create the underground 3D environment. Once utility pipe horizontal and vertical elevation values were determined, the Green Square Complex 3D Utility Inventory was rendered. With advanced utility mapping using GIS and 3D GIS modeling, facility managers developed a utility inventory atlas. The city of Québec models a bright future with 3D GIS 12 11 Resumen The City of Québec is the second largest municipal in the province of Québec, Canada, and continues to grow; its population jumped a remarkable 5.2 percent between 2006 and 2011. The city is also unusually dense, with a population density of 1,137.7 people per square kilometer as compared to an average of 5.8 for the province as a whole. Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst, 3D elements from internal and external sources were integrated for a proposed tramway project. Visualization in 3D during public consultations informed neighborhood residents of impacts. Being able to rotate 3D models helps to gain buy‐in from stakeholders. ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 Lidar, building information modeling, and GIS converge 13 Resumen Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is the 26th largest city in the United States; its regional wastewater system is among the largest, most sophisticated, and well run in the country. The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) provides wastewater services for 28 municipalities comprising about one million people. Integrating lidar and BIM data with enterprise GIS helped provide 3D design and construction methods. Viewing an intelligent 3D model provides insights that result in valuable questions and proposals. Extending BIM and lidar into the ArcGIS environment benefits from the integration points between the technologies. CityEngine creates new solutions for historic cities 14‐15 Resumen Iraq has had a rough ride in recent times, and many of its cities are showing the scars of years of neglect and warfare. A lack of investment in basic infrastructure, combined with a brain drain of professionals, has left many Iraqi cities in a very poor state of repair and with limited plans for the future. But with the fall of the revious regime have come opportunities to revive and repair these aging and often historic cities. Employing Python scripting allowed staff to go back and forth between conventional mapping and 3D modeling. CityEngine goes beyond Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 standard visualization into actual creation of data based on specific urban planning standards. Using CityEngine, 3D models from previous jobs were imported and their preexisting 3D assets and rule files put to use. HYDRO SOLUTIONS WITH GIS Unlocking British Columbia’s hydropower potential 16 Resumen It’s predicted that the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, will require an additional 30,000 gigawatt‐hours of electricity within the next 20 to 25 years. To meet this projection, BC Hydro retained consulting firm Kerr Wood Leidal Associates Ltd. (KWL) to conduct a hydroelectrical analysis and identify optimal sites for run‐of‐river power development. With ArcGIS, KWL collected data on more than 10 million potential sites in hours rather than years. Through the GIS‐
based Rapid Hydropower Assessment Tool, KWL identified more than 8,000 potential run‐of‐river power sites. GIS was used to create cost estimates for access roads and power lines, as well as identify the least expensive routes to hydropower sources. 12 ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 Creating a 3D hydrostratigraphy model of the gulf coast aquifer in Texas Daniel M. Lupton, Gil Strassberg 17 Resumen Understanding the structure, extent, depth, and distribution of subsurface materials is important for many disciplines, including geology, mining, oil and gas, and hydrogeology. With the advances in 3D capabilities, GIS‐based packages have been developed to integrate GIS into the world of 3D subsurface modeling and visualization. Cross sections and two‐dimensional sketching were done within ArcGIS using Arc Hydro Groundwater tools. The Arc Hydro Groundwater Subsurface Analyst toolset transformed cross sections into 3D. With improved drilling records and geophysical logs, cross sections can easily be resketched in ArcGIS. Intelligent charting for Asia’s longest river 18 Resumen The Changjiang (or Yangtze) River meanders 3,915 miles through China, from the glaciers in Tibet to the East China Sea. Since opening the river to foreign trade 30 years ago, China’s shipping industry on the Changjiang River has grown by leaps and bounds. In 2011, freight volume exceeded 1.6 billion tons, making it one of to edit data and export maps and charts individually. ArcGIS provides electronic mapping capability for more than 3,000 miles of river and 5,300 navigational Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 markers. The digital charts can be edited in a multiuser GIS environment and data updated as needed. With GIS, disparate data is collected and transformed into China’s national data standard. GIS IN ACTION From sensor to sound decisions 20‐21 Resumen Buck Island Reef National Monument, off the US Virgin Island of St. Croix, is one of only a few fully protected marine areas overseen by the US National Park Service (NPS) and is home to a coral reef ecosystem that supports a large variety of native flora and fauna, including several endangered and threatened species, such as hawksbill turtles and brown pelicans. Using GIS and image analysis software, the strengths of sonar, lidar, and optical imagery can be exploited together. NOAA moved the NPS habitat maps into GIS for more analysis and the creation of applications. The lidar and acoustically collected bathymetry were used to calculate a suite of complexity metrics in ArcGIS. 13
ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 Participatory GIS 22 Sara O.I. Ramírez‐Gómez, Christian Martínez Resumen The nation of Suriname is tucked up against the Atlantic Ocean in northeastern South America. Southern Suriname is covered with continuous tracts of unspoiled tropical forest, and it is the home of approximately 2,000 Wayana and Trio indigenous peoples. The area is currently remote, and economic development is practically nonexistent, which has helped it remain intact. With GIS, indigenous people’s spatial knowledge is incorporated into digital maps for conservation planning. Villagers drew polygons on georeferenced landscape maps to indicate areas of local importance. With ArcGIS, a tool was developed to count overlapping polygons to identify concentrations of important places. Seeing the signs 23 Resumen Got signs? The City of Glendale, in Los Angeles County, California, does. In fact, it had 2,000 more street signs than it thought it did. While this surprise may not seem to be a big deal to some, for Glendale City staff, not having an accurate count of their street signs could mean the difference between staying in budget and exceeding it by thousands of dollars. Glendale’s 3M sign management system uses ArcGIS to help organize and display sign information easily. 3M staff determined that ArcGIS was better suited to the job than open source products. The interface is very graphic in nature, since it uses ArcGIS web map services. Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Social Media Maps a Voocano’s Aftermath 24 Javier A. Carranza Tresoldi Resumen On the afternoon of November 28, 2012, the Guatemalan volcano Santiaguito erupted, launching sand and ash three kilometers into the air. Lava and gas spewed into the surrounding area—some in areas as far as 80 kilometers away. This eruption was considered by the authorities to be a “very strong” one, and the National Meteorology Agency recommended restricting air traffic in the area. Terrain basemaps were readily available on ArcGIS Online and were used to display social media information. Coordinated emergency efforts benefited from using the social media widget available online at ArcGIS.com. GeoCensos tapped into a worldwide community of mapped data and created a readily accessible alert tool. 14 Restaurants optimize site locations 28 Resumen More and more quick‐service restaurants and franchise owners are discovering the power of GIS to find the best sites for their restaurants. Owners of successful franchises have relied on GIS technology to discern markets for many years. The technology provides tools that help organize information by using location as the common identifier for data. By understanding where franchises, the competition, and customers are located, franchisors can make informed decisions, improve communication, and share their knowledge with others. ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 Maintaining a safe and healthy community for the district of Columbia 29 Resumen The downtown business district in Washington, DC, is a bustling hub of tourism, business, and residential activity comprising more than 500 commercial buildings and a host of DC landmarks, including museums and cultural institutions, as well as the Gallery Place, Chinatown, Federal Triangle, Franklin Square, McPherson Square, Midtown, and Penn Quarter neighborhoods. DowntownDC BID now benefits from an integrated end‐toend solution for spatial data management. ArcGIS for Server serves maps and applications. GIS streamlines the data collection process, aids quality control, and integrates 311. The Greek Island of Kythera Jumps to the forefront of historical research 30 Resumen Over the centuries, the island of Kythera, nestled between the southern peninsulas of the Greek Peloponnese, has been subjected to the fortunes of war; occupation; piracy; and, occasionally, the quiet solitude of poverty and isolation. Mass migration to Australia after the Second World War was only one in a series of fundamental changes for the island. GIS supports the rediscovery of a forgotten way of life. ArcGIS has been successfully integrated into a toolbox for historical Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 research. Spatial analysis with GIS reveals historical changes in land use. Temporally discrete prehistoric ativity identified Matthew J. Landt, Seth Frame 15
30‐31 Resumen Electric power provider Tri‐State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc., is owned by 44 electric cooperatives and serves 200,000 square miles of Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, and Wyoming. When Tri‐State planned to upgrade the 92‐
mile, 115‐kilovolt Nuclato‐Sunshine Transmission Line in San Miguel and Montrose Counties, Colorado, because of the potential to disturb archaeological deposits associated with numerous prehistoric and historic sites on public land, the United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management (BLM)—
Uncompahgre Field Office requested the involvement of archaeologists to mitigate the impacts of construction. Spatial modeling with ArcGIS focused on the distinction of discrete prehistoric activity areas. ArcGIS 3D Analyst displays of the activity areas enable an understanding of overlapping occupations. GIS improves archaeological understanding in ways not readily available through classical statistical software analyses. ArcNews Vol.35, nº1 ‐ Spring 2013 COMMUNITY NEWS ‐ You are GIS…You come together to redefine the new spirits of GIS ‐ Interesting ArcGIS services ‐ SpatiaLABS Enhance College coursework for instructors and students ‐ Using GIS to explain geographic reasoning ‐ The data miner’s quest: drilling for and refining GIS data as the GIS manager ‐ Getting a job in geography and GIS ‐ URISA’s GIS‐Pro 2013 in New England ‐ Esri Partner offerings ‐ Nort Carolina and Nevada – Esri shirts fit in everywhere Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 16
32‐47 ArcUser Vol. 16, nº2 ‐ Spring 2013 Controlling what users see 6‐9 Resumen ArcGIS Online is ever evolving with new imagery, updated basemaps, and expanding functionality. Three new enhancements to the ArcGIS.com map viewer will give you more control over how your maps and associated information are displayed. Now you can set visibility ranges, create filtered views of feature layers, and display attribute table information for layers. Unequal Probability‐Based Spatial Sampling 10‐17 Konstantin Krivoruchko, Kevin Butler Resumen The geographic approach involves measuring the earth, organizing the resultant data, and analyzing it to understand spatial processes and relationships. GIS technologies are used extensively for the latter stages of the geographic approach but less often for sampling, an important component of measurement. This article shows how to use ArcGIS 10 for Desktop to create an efficient spatial sampling or suitability design using the Create Spatially Balanced Points geoprocessing tool available with the ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst extension and other geoprocessing tools provided with the core product. Sensor to service. ArcGIS enables real‐time GIS 18‐25 Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Resumen ArcGIS includes the capability to use real‐time data in everyday decision making. Users will be able to answer questions, such as, where are all the vehicles in my fleet at this moment? and are my field personnel working within the designated project area? They'll be able to tell a customer that the delivery truck is 10 minutes away, get notified when a certain type of vehicle enters a dangerous area, alert the five nearest responders when an incident occurs, be warned when equipment begins operating abnormally, and even be able to monitor lightning strikes. Swift and Lossless. Automating the migration to a new data model 26‐31 Kyle D. Turner Resumen Using ArcToolbox with Python tools, the Air Force (AF) created a repeatable process in ArcGIS for Desktop that enabled the translation of a very specific data model to a more generalized one. The AF solution transitioned the Spatial Data Standard for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment (SDSFIE) 2.6 geospatial data to the Air Force Adaptation of SDSFIE 3.0. 17 ArcUser Vol. 16, nº2 ‐ Spring 2013 Better than scratch. Use configurable applications to get results quickly Matthew DeMeritt 32‐33 Resumen What do Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Lake County, Florida; and Cabarrus County, North Carolina, have in common? All three local governments saved time and money by implementing configurable applications instead of developing those applications from scratch. Esri's ArcGIS for Local Government maps and applications offer quick and configurable solutions for common web mapping needs. An attractive alternative to creating new services from the ground up, they can refine internal workflows and provide new services to the public. Paperless inspections 34‐35 Kurt Hassy Resumen A pilot project by a northern California water district developed a GIS‐based paperless process for inventorying and managing its assets that is simple for field staff and integrates with existing management systems. Show Off. Make GIS resources more visible and valuable 36‐37 Monica Pratt Resumen Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 ArcGIS Online can become the platform for your organization's GIS resources. As the administrator for your organization's ArcGIS Online site, you can showcase the GIS resources your organization has developed so it can get a greater return from its investment in them. Here are some suggestions for doing just that: Make Map Services More Valuable, Status Check, Sell Your Home Page, Find It Fast with Thumbnails, Keep it fresh. Avoid GUI Headaches. A case for scripting geoprocessing tools 38‐39 Drew Flater Resumen Sometimes the repetitive nature of a task can make using a tool dialog time‐
consuming and inefficient. One example would be selecting a large number of fields for the Statistics Field(s) parameter of the Summary Statistics (Analysis) tool. With this parameter, you select fields from the input table that you want to summarize on (e.g., calculate the mean or sum of a numeric field). While this interaction for a single field is quick and easy, imagine if you had to do this for hundreds of fields in a demographic dataset. Repeatedly picking a single field and the corresponding statistic is time‐consuming, inefficient, and frustrating. 18 ArcUser Vol. 16, nº2 ‐ Spring 2013 The Year of the Developer. New program rolls out in 2013 40 Resumen Developers who use Esri technology will benefit from a multifaceted initiative that includes API improvements, a better app management experience, documentation, a new marketplace where developers can make their apps available for sale, and a one‐stop website with all the resources developers need to get started. Esri will roll out these innovations over the first half of the year. ArcGIS for Server 101. Understanding architecture, deployment, and 42‐47 workflows Derek Law Resumen This article is for GIS managers and analysts who want an understanding of the fundamental concepts of ArcGIS for Server and its capabilities. It provides a general overview of ArcGIS for Server and discusses key features, architecture, and implementation. It refers specifically to the ArcGIS 10.1 for Server release. Good, Better & Best. Converting and managing local coordinates in 48‐53 a projected system Mike Price Resumen Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 This tutorial is the logical sequel to "Unlocking Data Trapped in paper: Address geocoding legacy geological data" in the Fall 2011 issue of ArcUser. That article introduced a method for geocoding legacy point data originally collected along locally defined survey lines. This article provides methods for managing locally defined raster, vector, and computer‐aided drafting/design (CAD) data in projected systems. It uses tools available in ArcGIS 10.1 to create a simplified workflow for georeferencing a scanned image and a CAD drawing. Workflows for Using and Building Hosted Cached Map Tiles 54‐55 Resumen One of the most effective ways to speed the performance of web and mobile applications is to predraw some or all of the map layers at various scales and save the images in a cache. Because of their small square shape and the way that they tessellate to form a complete map image, these images are often called tiles. 19 ArcUser Vol. 16, nº2 ‐ Spring 2013 What Could Be. Crafting smart, sustainable solutions to big problems Carla Wheeler 58‐61 Resumen Geodesign, the subject of a two‐day summit held at Esri in Redlands, California, has become more than a buzzword. It is changing how projects are planned and has become a recognized academic discipline. Story Maps in the Classroom 62‐65 Sarah E. Battersby, Kevin C. Remington Resumen Incorporating Esri's story maps into the geography undergraduate senior seminar at the University of South Carolina helped students communicate results from their semester‐long projects. The authors discuss the successes they had and the challenges they faced to help other instructors recognize the possibilities ‐ and minimize the limitations ‐ of using story maps in their own classrooms. Guarding Against Geohazards. Mapping aids mitigation and 66‐69 planning in Washington State Matthew DeMeritt, Monica Pratt Resumen Landslides, triggered by large storm systems and earthquakes, can cause hundreds Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 of millions of dollars of damage in Washington. Along with landslides, tsunamis caused by seismic activity and lahars resulting from volcanic eruptions can threaten the safety and property of residents in Washington state. Geologists from the Washington State Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Geology and Earth Resources Division have been identifying, assessing, and mapping these geologic hazards for years. 20 Estratos Nº105 ‐ Primavera 2013 ACTUALIDAD ESTRATOS El trimestre en una imagen | Enresa | ATC | Zorita | Mundo | Agenda 3‐8 SIERRA ALBARRANA. EL CABRIL Y SU ENTORNO Vivir con la sociedad cercana Jorge Fernández 10‐11 Resumen Transcurrido casi un cuarto de siglo desde su aparición, Sierra Albarrana mantiene intacta su misión de informar a la sociedad. Desde este número, lo hará de forma conjunta con Estratos; la realidad, marcada por la crisis, obliga a cambios que, a su vez, permitirán difundir a un público más numeroso la actualidad del almacén centralizado de El Cabril y de su comarca. Los municipios europeos con instalaciones nucleares en Hornachuelos Marta Arroyos 12‐14 Resumen La necesidad de aunar esfuerzos y compartir conocimientos ha llevado a técnicos del sector y representantes de ayuntamientos europeos relacionados con la energía nuclear hasta la localidad cordobesa de Hornachuelos, con el objetivo de participar en un seminario sobre gestión de residuos radiactivos y, de paso, Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 conocer las instalaciones que Enresa opera en El Cabril. Todos a una en Fuente Obejuna Eva María Heras 15 Resumen El municipio cordobés volverá a vestirse de gala en agosto para representar la obra de Lope de Vega, confirmando la estupenda salud de un evento con importantes ramificaciones culturales, turísticas y económicas. SIG Cartografía del siglo XXI al servicio de Enresa Ignacio Cienfuegos Hevia 16‐21 21 Resumen Los sistemas de información geográfica contribuyen a mejorar la gestión de los residuos radiactivos. El volumen de datos que se maneja cuando se inventarían recursos naturales –especialmente los geológicos y ambientales–, sumado a las facilidades que proporciona la informática, llevaron a Enresa, a principios de los años noventa, a implantar el uso de sistemas de información geográfica. Desde entonces, estas herramientas se han perfeccionado y hoy son clave para evaluar emplazamientos y monitorizar instalaciones de almacenamiento de residuos radiactivos. Estratos Nº105 ‐ Primavera 2013 SEGURIDAD Comprometidos con la seguridad Pedro Carboneras 22‐25 Resumen Enresa se adapta con éxito al marco impuesto por la instrucción IS‐19 del Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear. En 2008, el Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear publicó una instrucción, la IS‐19, que buscaba promover aún más la cultura de seguridad en la organización de las compañías nucleares. Enresa, como empresa gestora de los residuos radiactivos en nuestro país y responsable del desmantelamiento de diferentes centrales, lleva casi cuatro años trabajando para implantar esta nueva norma a través de publicaciones, grupos de trabajo y procedimientos que ya han demostrado que, en materia de protección, aún es posible mejorar lo que ya es bueno. ENTREVISTA José Manuel Perlado, Director del Instituto de Fusión Nuclear de la 26‐30 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Ignacio F. Bayo, Alfonso Esteban Resumen A finales de 2009 se anunciaba como inminente la consecución de reacciones de fusión nuclear mediante pulsos de energía láser en la Nacional Ignition Facility (NIF) de Estados Unidos. Tres años después, los experimentos no han alcanzado el Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 objetivo de conseguir una fuente de energía abundante y barata, imitando el proceso que ocurre en las estrellas. Según José Manuel Perlado (Madrid, 1950), director del Instituto de Fusión Nuclear de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), el desafío es complejo, pero el éxito puede llegar en cualquier momento. Perlado ha dedicado su carrera a la fusión inercial, alternativa a la magnética utilizada en el reactor ITER, actualmente en construcción. Catedrático de Física Nuclear en la Escuela de Ingenieros Industriales de Madrid, es autor de un centenar largo de publicaciones, colaborador del NIF y uno de los responsables del proyecto europeo de Investigación sobre Energía con Láseres de Alta Potencia (HiPER). REPORTAJES Nuestros bosques están sanos Pablo Francescutti 31‐35 22 Resumen España es el segundo país de la Unión Europea con mayor superficie forestal y no para de crecer. Contra lo que pudiera parecer, y por alarmistas que resulten las noticias que nos llegan desde los medios de comunicación, los bosques españoles gozan en la actualidad de una salud envidiable. Sin embargo, conviene no dormirse en los laureles, pues todavía son muchas las medidas e iniciativas que pueden adoptarse para garantizar la sostenibilidad de nuestro patrimonio forestal. Estratos Nº105 ‐ Primavera 2013 El gasto en I+D+i debe alcanzar el 1,48% del PIB Jesús Vicenti 36‐39 Resumen Según las previsiones de la Estrategia Española de Ciencia y Tecnología y del nuevo Plan Estatal de I+D+i. El pasado 1 de febrero el Gobierno aprobó la Estrategia Española de Ciencia y Tecnología y de Innovación, así como el séptimo Plan Estatal de I+D+i, documentos considerados literalmente como “los pilares de la ciencia y la investigación”, tanto en su vertiente de conocimiento básico, como de aplicación a la industria. En medio de una de las mayores crisis que se recuerdan, ambas herramientas tratarán de impulsar la inversión en un campo en el que no acabamos de converger lo suficiente con nuestros principales socios europeos. La tumba que encierra el ADN de los neandertales Rosa M. Tristán 40‐44 Resumen Investigadores españoles analizan en la cueva asturiana de El Sidrón material genético de esta especie extinguida del género Homo. La cueva de El Sidrón, en Asturias, se ha convertido en un referente mundial para el estudio del ADN de los neandertales. Allí, en un agujero que aprovecharon los maquis para esconderse tras la Guerra Civil, se han encontrado los restos de trece individuos que murieron hace 49.000 años. Los fósiles, muy bien conservados, han permitido recuperar material genético que nos revela el aspecto de esta especie extinta, así como su Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 biología o sus vínculos familiares. Asesinos de enfermedades Manuel Ansede 45‐49 Resumen Tras la victoria contra la viruela en 1977, un ejército médico se ha propuesto erradicar de la faz de la Tierra otras tres temibles enfermedades: el virus de la polio, la bacteria del pian y el gusano de Guinea. Un viaje sin retorno José María Montero 50‐55 23 Resumen La supervivencia de las tortugas marinas africanas y americanas se decide en las costas andaluzas. Surcan miles de kilómetros, uniendo continentes desde Norteamérica y África hasta las costas españolas del Mediterráneo. Aquí llegan, desovan y alumbran una nueva generación, llamada a regresar al punto de partida para repetir el ciclo biológico. Pero las tortugas, boba, laúd y lora no lo tienen fácil en este trepidante viaje por la continuidad de sus especies. Deben superar obstáculos tan complicados como la pesca indiscriminada, la caza para consumo humano, el vertido de residuos al mar o el cambio climático. Por ello, el trabajo de organismos como el CSIC resulta clave para que las tortugas marinas esquiven esta globalización del impacto ambiental y consigan volver a Florida y Cabo Verde. Estratos Nº105 ‐ Primavera 2013 Comida de impresión Concha Barrigós 56‐59 Resumen Las impresoras en 3D, listas para diseñar y preparar ‘delicatessen’ en cualquier cocina. Lo acaba de decir Barack Obama, presidente de Estados Unidos: “Las impresoras 3d tienen el potencial de revolucionar la forma en la que se hace casi todo”. Gracias a ellas ya se reproducen complejas moléculas a partir de imágenes microscópicas y hasta fusiles de asalto desde una mera foto, algo que inquieta, y mucho, a la CIA. De momento, parece que su realidad más próxima las sitúa en las encimeras de las cocinas, listas para copiar creaciones como las que firman algunos de los mejores chefs españoles. PERISCOPIO ‐ Estratos 360º. Ciencia, tecnología y Medio Ambiente ‐ Una imagen, cien palabras Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 24 60‐64 Siglo XXI de Aragón Nº75 ‐ Marzo 2013 EDITORIAL La agricultura tira de esta tierra 2 BREVES Noticias de actualidad aragonesa ‐ Fallece Emilio Eiroa, expresidente de la DGA y de las Cortes de Aragón ‐ Plan para explorar y aprovechar oportunidades ‐ Arranca la campaña contra incendios ‐ Servicios públicos de calidad ‐ El sector agrario de Aragón resiste la crisis ‐ Se abre al tráfico el aeropuerto de Teruel ‐ El palacio de Pujadas de Calatayud vuelve a la vida ‐ Internet, la herramienta más usada para el turismo 4‐7 POLÍTICA Abierto para ventilar Luis Faci 8‐12 Resumen La clase política española parece haber tomado una determinación: ante la imposibilidad de seguir el ejemplo de los países occidentales en cuestión de dimisiones, dejemos que radiografíen nuestros balances. Un “striptease” económico que, pese a unos primeros reparos, se ha extendido con fuerza por Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Aragón. Aunque en sí no soluciona nada, al menos introduce algo de oxígeno a una clase política asfixiada. OPINIÓN Grietas en Ferraz José Luis Valero Colás 13 ECONOMÍA Buenas intenciones, medidas y sensibilidad Julio R. Navarro Antín 14‐19 25 Resumen ¿Está sobrevalorado el concepto de emprendedor? El Gobierno ha presentado recientemente la Estrategia de Emprendimiento y Empleo Joven 2013‐2016, la cual se ve impregnada en toda su magnitud por la cultura emprendedora. Un porcentaje muy elevado de personas que se dan de alta en el Régimen Especial de Trabajadores Autónomos (RETA) lo hacen como única opción para tener un empleo y no porque tengan la vocación inequívoca de emprender una aventura empresarial. Ser emprendedor requiere algún atributo más que la mera alternativa al desempleo y entre otros, además de formación, creatividad, orientación al mercado, energía, resistencia al fracaso, etc., la visión estrategia ha de estar presente en su ADN. Siglo XXI de Aragón Nº75 ‐ Marzo 2013 OPINIÓN ¿Reformas o voluntad? Antonio Piazuelo 20‐21 INFRAESTRUCTURAS La vivienda toca suelo Jorge Alonso 22‐27 Resumen Una caída histórica. Así se puede calificar la actual evolución del mercado inmobiliario en Zaragoza, ya que el año pasado solo se visaron 759 viviendas, muy lejos de las 8.940 de 2006, cuando la burbuja llegó a su techo. Desde entonces, no ha dejado de desplomarse año tras año la actividad y a penas se mantiene el pulso gracias a Parque Venecia y Arcosur. Pero el nuevo barrio al sur de la ciudad, el mayor desarrollo del país, también sufre un estancamiento como consecuencia de la crisis y el cerrojazo al crédito hipotecario. Y qué decir de las grandes operaciones urbanísticas, que han sembrado la capital de eriales. Solo un puñado de promociones desafían la coyuntura, mientras la VPO ya representa menos del 40% de las licencias concedidas. OPINIÓN El terror a las primarias y sus motivos, según las encuestas Manuel Muñoz 28‐29 Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 FORMACIÓN Mario Garcés: “En Aragón quedan muchas cosas por hacer” Marcos Español 30‐33 Resumen Mario Garcés Sanagustín, subsecretario de Estado de Fomento, impartió la clase magistral de apertura de la XX edición del MBA de la Escuela de Negocios Columbus, con el título “Política en tiempos de crisis; oportunidades y desafíos”. Jaime Armengol presentó al conferenciante, acompañado por personalidades del mundo de la política, del sector empresarial y numeroso público general. La cita tuvo lugar en el Salón de Actos de Bantierra. Ahí, Garcés, hombre comprometido con la política y su necesidad social y económica, puso de relieve la necesidad de evolucionar en los métodos y códigos de la gestión política, principalmente con el estilo de esta última década, que calificó como de “enfrentamiento gregario entre hooligans”. 26 Siglo XXI de Aragón Nº75 ‐ Marzo 2013 JUSTICIA ¿El último bastión? Natalia Huerta‐Corella 34‐40 Resumen La Ley de Tasas, la Ley de Indulto, la Ley de Eficiencia Presupuestaria en la Administración de Justicia, por la que se modifica también la Ley Orgánica del Poder Judicial… El Ministerio de Justicia ha tocado la ley y los profesionales de la Justicia se defienden. Están acostumbrados a ello. Conocen la norma y luchan a diario por los derechos. El 20 de febrero más de la mitad de los juzgados de España se quedaron vacíos en la tercera huelga de la Justicia de la Democracia. Muchos profesionales critican desde el anonimato la reducción del derecho a reclamar derecho de los ciudadanos. Dicen que la Ley de Tasas no es disuasoria sino recaudatoria. Que los abogados del turno de oficio “son los que financian con su trabajo lo que otros llaman justicia gratuita”. Otros, como el Ángel Dolado, Juez Decano Zaragoza, es importante “garantizar nuestra independencia en el trabajo diario ya que los jueces somos los encargados del control político. Ya se habla del último bastión. INFORME 42‐45 La pericia caligráfica en el candelero Ana Tapia Acebes Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 ENTREVISTA Aranzazu Vallejo, Directora General de Aguas de la Cuenca del Ebro Nuria Asín 46‐51 AGENDA Teatro | Música | Infantil | Danza 27 52 Revue Urbanisme Nº44 (Hors série)‐ Marzo 2013 Imaginer les outils pertinents de l’avenir Pierre Gras 7‐9 Resumen La 33er recontre nationale des agences d’urbanisme a parfaitement illustré l’effort collectif, du côte de l’État comme du côte des agences et de leurs partenaires, pour « changer de lunettes » et inventer les « outils pertinents » de l’action publique dans le futur, dont la nouvelle intelligence territoriale ne manquera pas s’emparer. Une étape indispensable pour « marquer le territoire » des agences. L’urbanime submergé par un tsunami d’informations? Richard Quincerot 10‐12 Resumen La multiplication des informations tend peut‐être à miner les certitudes, jusqu'à provoquer une sorte de paralysie. Pour prendre la mesure du risque, le premier débat de la reencontré de Bordeaux a interrogé trois praticiens et trois experts, sollicités par Philippe Estèbe sur cet espace inédit d’interactions urbaines. Table ronde. En bonne intelligence (territoirale) Olivier Réal 13‐14 Resumen Après les regards informés des concepteurs et des chercheurs, la seconde table ronde d’overture a adopté un visage plus politique, autour de la construction des représentations des territoires et de la notion de décision. Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Le grand territoire Bordelais, côte estuaire 17‐18 Richard Quincerot Resumen Embarqué à bord du Sardanne, le visiteur partage l’expérience étonnante et apaisante d’un effacement progressif des repères. Partant à la découverte d’un port réparti sur plusieurs sites et d’un grand territoire aux contours flous, il n’était pas déplacé de se retrouver dans un monde liquide, sans aspérité, mouvant, délié. Bordeaux, métropole en projet(s) 19‐21 Pierre Gras, Olivier Réal Resumen « Bordeaux se trouve sans conteste parvenu à un moment charnière de son histoire », affirmait il y a peu le « projet métropolitain » élaboré sous l’égide de la communauté urbaine. Mais pour franchir cette nouvelle étape de son développement qui doit la porter au niveau d’une « agglomération millionnaire », les défis quantitatifs et qualitatifs sont encore nombreux. Tour d’horizon des enjeux actuels. 28 Revue Urbanisme Nº44 (Hors série)‐ Marzo 2013 Le politique est aussi dans les méthodes Pierre Gras 22‐24 Resumen S’appliquer à imaginer de nouvelles approches et de nouveaux outils pour favoriser le développement de l’agglomération, tel est le pari de la communauté urbaine depuis plusieurs années. Une série de démarches auxquelles l’agence d’urbanisme Bordeaux Métropole Aquitaine (a’urba) apporte son expertise et son assistance. Car, comme l’explique Jean‐Marc Offner, son directeur général, « le politique est (aussi) dans les méthodes ». L’urbanisme submergé par un tsunami d’informations? Pascale Decressac, Serge Mouraret 25‐26 Resumen Une déambulation dans la capitale aquitaine à la découverte d’une ville encore méconnue, à s’approprier et à vivre, s’avère for utile pour comprendre ce que les démarches artistiques peuvent apporter à l’urbanisme de projet. À condition de laisser s’exprimer des initiatives inattendues. Ville numérique : « urbaniser » les technologies ? Olivier Réal 29‐30 Resumen Comment l’outil numérique peut‐il aider ou modifier les pratiques des urbanistes et autres acteurs de la fabrication de la ville ? Retour sur les pratiques, les images Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 et les usages concernant l’organisation d’une ville « augmentée », au fil d’un atelier « connecté ». La prospective entre expertise et gestion de l’incertitude 31‐32 Damián Denizot Resumen Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la prospective s’affirme comme un instrument protéiforme dans la boîte à outils de la conduire des politiques territoriales. L’atelier consacré à la prospective a mis en exergue la diversité des approches et donc des méthodes à l’œuvre pour mieux se confronter à la question du futur. Saisir toute la complexité des modes de vie 33‐34 Georges‐Henry Laffont 29 Resumen Analyser l’évolution des modes de vie afin que les politiques locales soient plus en rapport avec elle est devenu un enjeu majeur pour les agences d’urbanisme. Replacée dans le contexte urbain, cette démarche doit intégrer les tendances qui sont à l’œuvre, en évaluer les impacts et permettre d’élaborer des actions pour gérer au mieux ces évolutions. Revue Urbanisme Nº44 (Hors série)‐ Marzo 2013 Programmer l’habitat, entre innovation locale et articulation 35‐36 nationale Sofia Guevara, Lucile Laurin Resumen Tous les territoires on leur mot à dire en matière d’habitat, quelles que soient les échelles. Mais le souhait de bénéficier d’une plus grande autonomie au niveau local ne s’accompagne pas d’un désir de désengagement total de l’État. Au contraire, au regard d’un atelier informé, on semble « aimer le mille‐feuilles ». L’entre‐deux périurbain en quête d’identité Pascale Decressac 37‐39 Resumen C’est à Créon, village situé à 25 kilomètres de Bordeaux mais intégré dans le SCoT de l’agglomération bordelaise, qu’a été débattue la question périurbaine. Le périurbain est‐il condamné à cet « entre‐deux » entre ville et campagne ? La métropole place‐t‐elle les communes périphériques dans l’ombre ou bien sa lumière peut‐elle s’y réfléchir ? Quelles pistes de réflexion pour demain ? L’université, acteur de la ville (et réciproquement) 40‐43 Pierre Gras Resumen Assiste‐t‐on à un « repositionnement stratégique » de l’université dans la ville à Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 l’ocassion de l’émergence de grands projets universitaires et des financements croisés qu’ils engendrent ? Tout semble montrer que les deux partenaires y ont intérêt, à condition de le vouloir vraiment. Au bonheur de (re)chercher 44‐45 Emmanuelle Quiniou Resumen Dans vingt ans, que sera la capacité d’agir des agences ? Cette interrogation a pris une lumière particulière à Bordeaux à travers les débats sur la question de la recherche. Petite chronique d’un atelier consacré aux interactions entre les agences d’urbanisme et le monde de la recherche. Ces données qui nous modèlent… 46‐47 Tristan Guilloux, Célile Féré, Cyprien Richer, Daniel Zobele 30 Resumen Bâtis pour une ville tournée vers l’automobile et une croissance forte, les outils d’observation ou de modélisation ne sont plus ce qu’ils étaient dans une société soucieuse d’économiser les ressources et de mieux « coller » aux besoins des usagers. Un vrai changement de paradigme qui fait question… Revue Urbanisme Nº44 (Hors série)‐ Marzo 2013 Récit médiatique et communication professionnelle Antoine Loubière 48‐49 Resumen L’atelier consacré au thème « Médias, communication et urbanisme » devait relever deux défis : celui d’analyser les difficiles relations des médias grand public et de l’urbanisme, et celui de cerner les ambitions de communications des agences. Au final, de vrais échanges avec les journalistes et des pistes à creuser pour des agences plus communicantes. Grands territoires, retour d’expériences Richard Quincerot 50‐51 Resumen En 2008, la 28er Rencontre de la FNAU leur avait été consacrée. Depuis, ils se sont multipliés : les grands territoires ne sont plus des nouveaux venus, mais un échelon bien identifié de l’action publique qui fais désormais l’objet de toutes les attentions. Territoires en bonne santé 52‐53 Florence Sorrentino Resumen À la suite de l’environnement, la santé et le bien‐être de la population apparaissent de plus en plus souvent déterminants dans les projets de développement Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 territorial, ce qui reflète une attente forte de la population. Comment observer et agir sur un territoire en intégrant cet impératif ? Élus, chercheurs et agences d’urbanisme ont échangé à l’occasion d’un atelier instructif. L’homme et l’eau : vers un nouveau contrat local ? 54‐55 Gérard Blanc Resumen Attractive et en même temps dangereuse, l’eau est un facteur « perturbant » de l’action locale, tant par ses effets directs (inondations, risques ou rareté…) que par les politiques spécifiques qu’elle nécessite (prévention, principe de précaution, méthodes curatives…). Un atelier organisé a Bordeaux a permis un échange d’expériences fort utile pour tenter de définir les contours d’un nouveau contrat entre l’homme et l’eau. Défricher la terra incognita au bénéfice du monde connu 60‐61 Olivier Réal 31 Resumen Procéder à une mise en abîme, plutôt qu’à l’impossible synthèse de plusieurs dizaines d’heures de partage, de débats, de visites sur le(s) terrain(s) de jeu de l’urbanisme, mais aussi de controverse ou de consensus, relève toujours un peu de la performance. Un exercice auquel se sont pourtant livré avec succès Delphine Vincent et Jérôme Baratier. Revue Urbanisme Nº44 (Hors série)‐ Marzo 2013 Changer de techniques, de méthodes ou de modèles ? Richard Quincerot 62‐63 Resumen En matière d’ingénierie territoriale, les changements viendront‐ils de la capacité d’innovation des entreprises, d’avancées méthodologiques de la part des urbanistes ou bien d’une réorganisation du modèle de production urbaine ? La première table ronde conclusive a réuni des acteurs éminents de ces trois scènes. L’introuvable définition de l’ingénierie idéale Pascale Decressac 64‐65 Resumen Les agences d’urbanisme n’ont pas le monopole de l’ingénierie territoriale. Comment les questions de concurrence et de solidarité des territoires se posent‐
elles à l’échelle des agglomérations, des départements, voire des régions ? Et quelles sont les sources de progrès possibles ? Vincent Feltesse : « L’innovation est fondamentale » 66‐67 Pierre Gras Resumen Au cours de son allocution de clôture, le président de la FNAU a tracé la « feuille de route » des agences pour les mois qui viennent, en les incitant à renforcer leur mise en réseau, à développer leurs partenariats et à miser sur l’innovation, tour en Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 travaillant à l’acculturation des élus au « fait urbain ». Petit essai de bibliographie raisonnée 69‐70 Pierre Gras Resumen Depuis quelques années, la production éditoriale a pris son essor à Bordeaux, souvent à l’initiative des collectivités ou de l’agence d’urbanisme. Cette floraison traduit un regain d’intérêt pour le « futur métropolitain » et le « désir de ville » qui sont censés caractériser la nouvelle sociologie de l’agglomération. 32 Revue Urbanisme Nº388 – Primavera 2013 BRUITS DE VILLE Marseille‐Provence 2013, défi culturel et politique Antoine Loubière 4‐5 Resumen Le télescopage des agendas culturel et politique met Marseille au cœur de l’actualité urbaine française. L’année 2013 est à la fois celle de la Capitale européenne de la culture, baptisée Marseille‐Provence 2013, et celle d’un projet de loi gouvernemental visant notamment à créer début 2015 une Métropole Aix‐
Marseille‐Provence. Peindre le mouvement moderne Annie Zimmermann 7 Resumen Enoc Perez naît en 1967 à Puerto Rico, où il passe les vingt‐deux premières années de sa vie. Il y découvre l’architecture moderne sous la version « modernisme tropical » d’hôtels tels que le Caribe Hilton (1949), la Concha (1958), tous deux conçus par l’importante agence Torro y Ferrer, ou encore le San Juan. Quand le théâtre s’intéresse aux cités… Antoine Loubière 8 Resumen « C’est la faute à Le Corbusier », comédie urbaine de Louise Doutreligne, met en Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 scène la réhabilitation d’un quartier d’habitat social. Une incitation au débat. La science‐fiction réhabilitée Annie Zimmermann 9 Resumen Finitude des ressources, destruction des écosystèmes, dérives biotechnologiques et autres, sociétés de contrôle… ces phénomènes ont tous été abordés dans la littérature de science‐fiction ou le cinéma dit d’anticipation. À l’heure où la prospective se cherche de nouveaux repères, en quoi ces imaginaires peuvent‐ils enrichir la réflexion sur des modèles de développement planétaire viable? La 3D en quête de maturité ? Florence Jacquinod 10 Resumen Depuis la création du salon Imagina en 1982, l’image virtuelle 3D a investi de nombreux domaines, dont celui de l’aménagement des territoires. Silent World de Lucie & Simon Annie Zimmermann 11 33 Resumen Nés respectivement en 1981 et 1986, Lucie & Simon forment un duo franco‐
allemand d’artistes pratiquant la photographie, la vidéo et les installations. Établis à Paris, ils travaillent ensemble depuis 2004. Revue Urbanisme Nº388 – Primavera 2013 CONTROVERSES Paris, Lyon, Marseille, la gouvernance métropolitaine dans tous ses états Daniel Béhar 12‐13 Resumen Après les tâtonnements et les expérimentations (appel à projets de coopération métropolitaine en 2004, pôles métropolitains en 2010), après l’exception du Grand Paris, l’heure est à la reconnaissance institutionnelle du fait métropolitain. Mais cette nouvelle donne est‐elle à la hauteur des enjeux ? La politique de la ville, cette mal‐aimée François‐Xavier Roussel 14‐15 Resumen Alors que le gouvernement vient de décider de nouvelles orientations pour la politique de la ville, les chercheurs s’intéressent à son bilan – souvent plus spécifiquement à celui de la rénovation urbaine – et aux comparaisons internationales. Deux colloques récents en témoignent. Regard critique sur la critique. PROJECT Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Saint‐Dizier se forge un avenir 16‐20 Resumen Avec 26.404 habitants en 2008, Saint‐Dizier reste la ville la plus peuplée du département de la Haute‐Marne ; même si, en 1999, ils étaient 30.836, et 37.266 en 1975. Enrayer cette hémorragie démographique est l’un des objectifs majeurs de la politique urbaine menée par la municipalité, dont le projet Saint‐Dizier 2020, confié à l’architecte urbaniste catalane Carme Pinós, constitue un élément essentiel. CAMPUS Rencontre d’un quartier universitaire et d’un centre historique Karine Grollier 21‐23 Resumen En 2018, le site d’Aubervilliers du Campus Condorcet ouvrira ses portes à 16.500 étudiants, chercheurs et enseignants…dans un quartier universitaire bien intégré à son environnement. Il jouera un rôle majeur dans la redynamisation du centre historique, de l’autre côté du canal Saint‐Denis. De part et d’autre de la voie d’eau, la même architecte urbaniste, Philippe Panerai, a conçu les deux projets. 34 Revue Urbanisme Nº388 – Primavera 2013 PLANÈTE Casablanca et rabat, futures villes du savoir ? Alexandre Grondeau 24‐27 Resumen Favorisant la création de technopoles et autres cyberdistricts, le roi du Maroc Mohammed VI a développé une politique volontariste qui stimule l’implantation d’entreprises de haute technologie dans l’ensemble du pays. Quels en sont les résultats ? DOSSIER. Que faire des années 1970 ? Un nouveau regard sur les grands ensembles Vincent Veschambre 30‐33 Resumen Dix ans de rénovation urbaine, et donc de démolitions relativement massives, ont‐
ils changé le regard porté sur les grands ensembles d’habitat social ? Même si les controverses se sont limitées à quelques cités emblématiques, comme par exemple les Courtillières à Pantin, le débat commence à s’élargir à l’ensemble de ce patrimoine qui imprègne les représentations urbaines contemporaines. En finir avec le stéréotype du HLM ? Antoine Loubière 34 Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Resumen Le mouvement HLM assume la transformation de l’héritage contesté des années 1960‐1970, à travers la rénovation urbaine version ANRU et ses démolitions. Il cherche surtout à forger une nouvelle image du logement social. Villeneuve de Grenoble 40 ans, nouvel élan Pilles Peissel 35‐38 Resumen Aménagement d’espaces publics, démolitions et restructuration lourde du bâti: le projet de rénovation de la Villeneuve entre dans une phase décisive. L’enjeu, rendre le quartier plus attractif, passe par le retour à une certaine normalité urbaine, ce qui ne va pas sans difficultés, ni réactions… Le Mirail à 50 ans, une identité incertaine Antoine Loubière 39‐41 35 Resumen En 2012, le Mirail n’a pas vraiment fêté ses 50 ans. Malgré l’ambition du Grand projet de ville (GPV) reformulé par l’équipe municipale élue en 2008 autour de Pierre Cohen, maire de Toulouse, la rénovation connaît des avancées inégales selon les secteurs. Des tensions sociales demeurent, particulièrement à la Reynerie. L’intervention des concepteurs va cependant créer de nouvelles formes urbaines confortant des proximités. Revue Urbanisme Nº388 – Primavera 2013 Le Mirail, la longue durée du stem et du web R. Papillault 42 Resumen Rémi Papillault, architecte toulousain, défend les principes de l’équipe Candilis en les adaptant aux attentes des habitants de Bellefontaine. Vers la densitification de la Reynerie 43 Resumen L’Atelier Bernard Paris explicite ses trois niveaux d’intervention, notamment la réinstallation du quartier dans son paysage. Lyon‐la Duchère, histoire d’une modernité à s’approprier Nune Chilingaryan 44‐47 Resumen Le quartier de la Duchère, objet d’un des quatre grands projets de ville (GPV) de l’agglomération lyonnaise, est emblématique : son évolution, en cinq décennies, reflète tous les espoirs et malaises propres à la «ZUPisation» française. L’intitulé retenu pour ce GPV, «La Duchère, naturellement Lyon», sous‐entend une réintégration dans la ville constituée, qui n’est pas évidente. Le Haut du Lièvre dans «la ville de la forêt» Antoine Loubière 48‐51 Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Resumen Après une première réhabilitation au milieu des années 1980 (confiée à Alain Sarfati), un nouveau processus de transformation du Haut du Lièvre a commencé en 2004, sous la maîtrise d’œuvre du Bureau Alexandre Chemetoff. La convention ANRU, signée en 2007 par la Communauté urbaine du Grand Nancy, a marqué le début des travaux, désormais en cours d’achèvement sur l’ensemble du plateau de Haye. «Le patrimoine, c’est ce qui est disponible» Annie Zimmermann 52‐54 Resumen Pour l’architecte Marc Barani, l’étude du patrimoine et les questions que celui‐ci soulève peuvent nous aider à penser plus librement le présent et le futur en nous installant dans l’épaisseur vivante de l’histoire. Les Olympiades, Paris XIIIe, retour sur l’urbanisme vertical Antoine Loubière 55‐57 36 Resumen Une récente exposition au Pavillon de l’Arsenal, « Les Olympiades, Paris XIIIe, une modernité contemporaine », attire l’attention sur cette « ville à l’américaine » conçue par l’architecte Michel Holley et réalisée au début des années 1970 par le secteur privé, avec la bénédiction des pouvoirs publics, au plus haut niveau de l’État. […] Revue Urbanisme Nº388 – Primavera 2013 Les Olympiades, Paris XIIIe, retour sur l’urbanisme vertical Antoine Loubière 55‐57 Resumen […] Symbole oublié d’un urbanisme vertical férocement critiqué durant la décennie suivante, les Olympiades, désormais au cœur du quartier chinois, retrouvent une étrange présence. Le reportage photo de Vincent Fillon, réalisé pour cette exposition, donne à voir une étonnante réalité urbaine, en partant des entrailles devenues une plate‐forme logistique pour le commerce asiatique jusqu’aux vues saisissantes sur le paysage parisien du haut des tours, en passant par une dalle au devenir juridique incertain. Reliées depuis 2007 à la ligne 14 du métro, les Olympiades redeviennent un enjeu métropolitain à l’heure d’un Grand Paris en quête d’identité(s). Comment relégitimer les grands ensembles? Marc Bertier, Hervé Marchal, Jean‐Marc Stébé 58‐61 Resumen Les grands ensembles français connaissent depuis plus de trente ans un discrédit qui porte tant sur leur forme urbaine (barre et tour), leur localisation (périphérie de ville) que leur situation sociale (paupérisation). Quelles solutions pour leur redonner une viabilité et une légitimité perdues ? La ville est‐elle recyclable ? Pierre‐Marie Tricaud 62‐65 Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 Resumen Renouvellement urbain plutôt qu’étalement, ville recyclable plutôt que ville jetable : toutes les politiques urbaines affichent ces objectifs, de la loi SRU au Grenelle de l’environnement, des schémas directeurs aux Scots, du SDRIF au Grand Paris…En même temps, on continue à rêver de villes nouvelles, à y voir la solution pour les cités en croissance rapide des pays émergents, voire pour remédier aux problèmes des nôtres. Point de vue critique. L’INVITÉ Jean‐Louis Cohen Antoine Loubière, Annie Zimmermann 66‐73 37 Resumen Très vite, Jean‐Louis Cohen se fait connaître par des expositions, telle la fameuse «Paris‐Moscou» de 1979 au Centre Georges Pompidou, puis par de solides ouvrages sur des villes saisies à des moments révélateurs de leur histoire. En ce printemps 2013 ouvre à Strasbourg l’exposition «Interférences. Architecture, France‐
Allemagne, 1800‐2000» qu’il a conçue avec Hartmut Frank, avant une seconde sur le paysage dans l’œuvre de Le Corbusier, en juin prochain au MoMA de New York. Rencontre avec un «Parisien errant», qui n’a pas oublié son enfance à la Butte‐aux‐
Cailles. Revue Urbanisme Nº388 – Primavera 2013 LIBRAIRIE 74‐80 CHRONIQUE New York, ville durable/ville résiliente ? Cynthia Ghorra‐Gobin 66‐73 Resumen Cynthia Ghorra‐Gobin était à New York fin octobre 2012, pour prendre part au colloque de l’association américaine d’études urbaines et historiques organisé à l’université Columbia. Papeles de economía española. Nº131. 2012 38 Centro de Información Territorial de Aragón DIRECCIÓN: Edificio Pignatelli Paseo María Agustín, 36 Puerta 14, 3ª planta TELÉFONO: 976 715 604 976 715 605 CORREO ELECTRÓNICO [email protected] Visítenos en: http://www.aragon.es/cinta Si desea consultar alguno de los artículos reseñados puede solicitarlo a través del correo electrónico [email protected] o bien llamando a la ext. 6326.