Toronto region: oil shale assessment, drilling

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©OMNR-OGS 1983
Ministry of
Natural
.. .
Hon- Alan w- PoPe
Minister
W. T. Foster
Deputy Minister
Ontario
ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Open File Report 5477
Oil Shale Assessment Project
Deep Drilling Results 1982/83
Toronto Region
by
M.D. Johnson
THE OIL SHALE ASSESSMENT PROJECT IS A COMPONENT
OF THE HYDROCARBON ENERGY RESOURCES PROGRAM (HERP),
AND WAS FUNDED BY THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF TREASURY
AND ECONOMICS UNDER THE BOARD OF INDUSTRIAL LEADERSHIP
AND DEVELOPMENT (BILD) PROGRAM.
Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is
given. It is recommended that reference to this report
be made in the following form:
Johnson, M.D.
1983:
Oil Shale Assessment Project, Deep Drilling
Results 1982/83, Toronto Region. Ontario
Geological Survey Open File Report 5477,
17p. and numerous Geophysical Logs in back
pocket.
Ontario Geological Survey
OPEN FILE REPORT
Open file reports are made available to the public subject to the following conditions:
This report is unedited. Discrepancies may occur for which the Ontario Geological Survey does
not assume liability. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed are those of the author or
authors and are not to be construed as statements of government policy.
Open file copies may be read at the following locations:
Mines Library
Ontario Ministy of Natural Resources
8th Floor, 77 Grenville Street, Toronto
The office of the Regional or Resident Geologist in whose district the area covered by
this report is located.
Handwritten notes and sketches may be made from this report. Check with the Library or Region
al or Resident Geologist's office as to whether there is a copy of this report that may be borrowed.
The Library or Regional or Resident Geologist's office will also give you information on copying ar
rangements. A copy of this report is available for Inter-Library Loan.
This report is on file in the Regional or Resident Geologists' office(s) located at:
10th Floor
199 Larch Street
Sudbury P3E 5P9
60 Wilson Avenue
Tiintiins P4N 3W2
10670 Yonge Street
Richmond Hill L4C 3C9
458 Central Avenue
London N6B 2E5
The right to reproduce this report is reserved by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.
Permission for other reproductions must be obtained in writing from the Director, Ontario Geological
Survey.
E.G. Pye, Director
Ontario Geological Survey
UJL
The Hydrocarbon Energy Resources Program consists of
four main components.
The Ontario Geological Survey is
carrying out inventories and assessments of the peat,
lignite, and oil shale resources of the Province while the
Petroleum Resources Section in Southwestern Region is
reviewing conventional oil and gas resources.
Assessment of potential oil shales involves an
integrated program of drilling and analytical studies
focussed on four stratigraphic units, viz. the Ordovician
Collingwood Member (Lindsay Formation) and Devonian
Marcellus and Kettle Point Formations (all in southern
Ontario) and the Devonian Long Rapids Formation (James Bay
Lowland).
This report presents the lithological and
geophysical logs from three deep drill holes through the
Collingwood Member that were completed in the Toronto region
during the winter of 1983.
E.G. Pye, Director
Ontario Geological Survey
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Introduction .............. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l
Detailed Lithological Logs
Milton
O.G.S.- 83-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clarkson O.G.S.- 83-2 ...........................
Pickering O.G.S.- 83-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6
10
14
References .......................................... 17
Geophysical Logs
Milton
O.G.S.- 83-1 .........................Pocket l
Clarkson O.G.S.- 83-2 .........................Pocket 2
Pickering O.G.S.- 83-3 .........................Pocket 3
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. l
-
Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Oil Shales
Deposits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .........
3
Fig. 2
-
Regional Drill Hole Location Map ..........
4
Fig. 3
-
Drill Hole Location - Milton . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
Fig. 4
-
Drill Hole Location - Clarkson ............
9
Fig. 5
-
Drill Hole Location - Pickering ........... 13
Vll
Oil Shale Assessment Project
Deep Drilling Results 1982-83, Toronto Region
by
M.D. Johnson
INTRODUCTION
The cores described in this report were obtained as
part of the Oil Shale Assessment Project currently being
undertaken by the Ontario Geological Survey.
This project
is a component of the Hydrocarbon Energy Resources Program
(HERP) which is funded by the Board of Industrial Leadership
and Development (BILD).
The Hydrocarbon Energy Resources Program is evaluating
Ontario's indigeneous energy sources, particularly peat,
lignite (low grade coal) and oil shale.
The Oil Shale
Assessment Project, which commenced in the winter of 1981,
will assess the resource potential of Ontario's Paleozoic
black shales.
Initial investigation suggested that three units in
southern Ontario have a hydrocarbon content sufficiently
high to be considered potential oil shales and warrant
further study.
These are the Ordovician Collingwood Member
of the Lindsay Formation, and the Devonian Marcellus and
Kettle Point Formations (Fig.l).
Shallow hole coring has
been completed for all three units (see Johnson 1982 and
Johnson et al 1983).
To test the Ordovician oil shale at
depth and to obtain data for regional correlation purposes
several deeper holes have been drilled.
Descriptions of the
three cores obtained are presented here.
To permit comparison of data from these cores with
engineering and Terrain Geology Section, Ontario Geological Survey.
Manuscript approved for publication by Owen L. White, Section Chief,
Engineering and Terrain Geology.
This report is published by permission of E.G. Pye, Director, Ontario
Geological Survey.
- 2 -
other subsurface data available from conventional petroleum
exploration, geophysical logs were prepared for each drill
hole prior to plugging.
These are included in this report.
The Milton (O.G.S..-83-1) and Pickering (O.G.S.-83-3)
holes were drilled vertically and the Clarkson (O.G.S.-83-2)
hole was drilled at an angle of 60* to the horizontal.
This
was done to permit this hole to be used for
fracture/jointing analyses.
The depth measurements for the
core from this inclined hole have not been corrected for
this inclination.
All three drill cores were drilled on private land;
Milton O.G.S. 83-1 was drilled on the property of Dufferin
Aggregates Ltd; Clarkson O.G.S. 83-2 was drilled on property
owned by St. Lawrence Cement Co. Ltd. and, Pickering O.G.S.
83-3 was drilled on property owned by Ontario Hydro.
We
wish to thank these property owners for allowing access to
the sites and their generous assistance in facilitating the
drilling program.
- 3 -
Fig.l Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Oil Shale Deposits
- 4 -
- 5 -
DRILL HOLE LOCATION-MILTON
DRILL HOLE
Scale 1:50,000
i
FIG. 3
- 6 -
HYDROCARBON ENERGY RESOURCES PROGRAM
WELL LOG:
OGS-83-1, Milton
DRILLING CO.: Canadian
Mine Services Ltd.
LOCATION:
Town of Milton,
Lot 9, Con VII
ELEVATION:
305.08 m
O- 2.28 m
K.B.
Overburden; no core recovery.
2.28- 4.28 m
Reynales Formation - Dolostone; grey-brown,
very finely crystalline, poorly
fossiliferous (shell debris); contains
pyritized partings and small blebs; appears
mottled and reworked; lower contact abrupt.
4.28-19.59 m
Cabot Head Formation - Shale; maroon and
grey, predominantly grey non-calcareous,
occasional bioclastic beds with
shell/bryozoa debris. Minor dolostone
laminae. Upper contact has glauconitic
mineralization; lower contact taken at
deepest maroon bed.
19.59-28.04 m
Manitoulin Formation - Dolostone and shale;
dolostone is brown-grey, fine to medium
crystalline with fossiliferous interbeds
down to 26.21 m; shale is grey, silty and
poorly fossiliferous.
28.04-32.00 m
Core not recovered.
32.00-33.45 ra
Whirlpool Formation - Sandstone; buffcream, very fine grained, highly
calcareous, cross laminated,
unfossiliferous; argillaceous partings.
33.45-182.89 m
Queenston Formation - Shale; rnaroon and
pale grey-green, predominantly maroon;
grey-green to 34.80 m, then maroon with
grey-green mottles and laminae (up to l m
thick) to the base of the unit; slightly
calcareous, particularly below 50.00 m. No
apparent fossils. Widely scattered gypsum
partings, 0.5 cm thick; gypsum bed 139.00
to 139.15 m. Minor buff-maroon limestone
beds below 170.00 m (each 3 cm or less).
Lower contact taken at the lowest maroon
tinted bed.
- 7 -
182.89-401.74 m
Georgian Bay Formation - Shale with lesser
limestone and dolostone; carbonate is fine
grained/crystalline, frequently bioclastic
with crinoid/shell/bryozoa debris;
carbonate amounts to 5(^ of the rock volume
down to 354.00 m, then decreases to the
base of the unit. Carbonate is 70%
limestone, 30% dolostone. Bioclastic beds
amount to 15% of the carbonates.
401.74-436.46 m
Blue Mountain Formation - Shale; blue-grey,
occasional bands of silty darker material,
fossiliferous with trilobite and
graptolite debris; slightly calcareous,
particularly towards the base of the unit.
436.46-436.62 m
Collingwood Member, Lindsay Formation Shale; brown-black, highly calcareous,
fossiliferous with crinoid debris,
petroliferous odour when first broken;
lower contact taken at first occurrence of
brown-grey mottled limestone.
436.62-503.64 m
Lindsay Formation - Limestone; pale to
medium brown-grey, very fine to coarsely
crystalline, mottled and reworked; shaly
partings; richly fossiliferous with shell
and crinoid debris; 15% bioclastic beds,
these are up to 15 cm thick.
503.64-549.89 m
Verulam Formation - Limestone alternating
with calcareous shale (60% limestone);
limestone is pale to buff-grey, shale is
dark grey. Shale beds are up to 5 cm
thick; limestone is fine to coarsely
crystalline, coarser fraction is
recrystallized bioclastic debris (50%
bioclastic); richly fossiliferous with
shell and crinoid debris. Upper and lower
contacts gradational.
549.89-595.98 m
Bobcaygeon Formation - Limestone with
minor shale; 80% limestone 20% shale; shale
and limestone intervals are not as well
defined as in the Verulam; limestone is
buff-grey to dark grey-brown, fine to
sublithographic, except for 20% bioclastic
intervals which are commonly
recrystallized; shaly partings throughout;
richly fossiliferous with shell/crinoid
material.
- 8 -
595.98-630.17 m
Gull River Formation - Limestone; pale grey
to dark grey, fine to lithographic,
moderately bioturbated; stylolitic/shaly
partings; green-grey shaly partings develop
below 628.00 m. Poorly fossiliferous with
shell and crinoid debris. Overall mottled
with poorly defined horizontal laminations.
630.17-637.45 m
Shadow Lake Formation - Limestone and
dolostone, with sandstone and siltstone
(below 635.85 m); dark brown-grey to
grey-green; maroon below 637.25 m;
increasingly argillaceous with depth, then
becomes sand rich prior to the Precambrian;
dark green shale partings; unfossiliferous;
rich in
2.0 mm diameter sand/gravel size
particles in the lowest l metre. Lower
contact abrupt.
637.45-637.84 m
Precambrian.
Texture
- evenly granular; medium
grained-crystalline;
nematoblastic.
Structure
- planar, gneissic; banding
of mafics parallel to the
core axis.
Mineralogy
- in general order
abundance
quartz
feldspar
mafics
accessories
of
(45*)
(35%)
(15%)
( 5%)
Colour
- grey with pink
Other
- some healed microfractures
20 0 to core axis, magnetic
crystals present.
Metamorphism - dynamothermal medium grade
metamorphism; amphibolite
facies.
Parenct rock - granite
Name
Gneissose granite.
- 9 -
Af*y-^ *xTUn^'hMM^^fc*'*'s~HP'"~"~i—?'~~/ z**
\y~.t -. *J.*--v Wrwwid. Tj2*vfc- -l
1-^17
S(^. *^.T—iMniyi.! l^prnMt j^ygUvy'..' *|
^
••'^l*'^ . rt
•X-^ ; -:.^^f ;i'n..:-.i-'^i, '
\
^-,
-OA' -s*;-:^ -.\
'••:
sL
;^3^i^^ /Estate8
v yf-y-t--^*--HrUtfJtlM *-
^^ ^^v^^.^v Ky
^^.^^.fe^^.^?
-^.^•'•..-•"•fc.V
:.:- ^Ss-'-*,?
DRILL HOLE
FIG. 4
- 10 -
HYDROCARBON ENERGY RESOURCES PROGRAM
WELL LOG:
OGS-83-2
Clarkson
LOCATION:
City of Mississauga;
Lot 33, Cone 3,
South of Dundas Street
ELEVATION:
95.64 m
DRILLING CO.:Longyear Ltd
K.B.
N.B. This is an inclined hole which dips 60 0 from the
horizontal in a northeast direction, thicknesses have not
been corrected for this dip.
O- 4.87 m
Overburden; no core recovery.
4.87- 5.41 m
Overburden; glacial till with boulders.
5.41-260.50 m
Georgian Bay Formation - Shale alternating
with decreasing amounts of limestone to the
base of the formation. Shales are dark
grey overall with red-brown tinge down to
17.67 m (probably reworked material from
the Queenston Formation but insufficient to
define the unit). At maximum, limestone is
10% of the rock volume, this decreasing to
the base. Limestone beds are fine grained
to lithographic, unfossiliferous to
bioclastic, and are all less than 30 cm
thick. Fossils include crinoid and shell
debris. Lowest bioclastic bed is at 167.00
m; limestone beds are very infrequent by
233 m and lower contact is defined by the
lowest limestone bed. Shales are mostly
unfossiliferous.
260.50-275.46 m
Blue Mountain Formation - Shale? medium to
dark grey; dark grey laminae tend to be
slightly calcareous, 3 cm or less thick and
constitute less than 10% of the interval.
Interval 275.36 to 275.46 m is calcareous
and slightly petroliferous and may
represent the Collingwood Member of the
Lindsay Formation.
275.46-340.61 m
Lindsay Formation - Limestone; pale
grey-brown, fine to very fine grained;
mottled and reworked, laminae of bioclastic
debris; minor shaly partings; fairly
distinct lower contact.
- 11 -
340.61-433.09 m
Verulam Formation - Alternate shale and
limestone beds; 70% of the lithology is
pale grey limestone, fine to very fine
grained, rich in fossil shell and crinoid
debris; shale is dark brown and crinoidal.
Between 384.00 and 408.43 ra shale is dark
brown-grey, calcareous and not highly
fissile while limestone intervals reach 2 m
in thickness.
433.09-440.43 m
Bobcaygeon Formation - Limestone; greybrown, very fine to medium crystalline,
nodular, minor shell debris. Oil staining
at 435.10 m and at the base of this unit.
Stylolitic partings common.
440.43-473.44 m
Gull River Formation - Limestone; medium
grey-brown, fine grained to sublitho
graphic, shaly 445.00 to 452.62 m,
horizontally laminated; heavily bioturbated
between 452.00 and 461.70 m; poorly
fossiliferous with occasional shell debris
only. Below 470.00 m colour becomes dark
grey.
473.44-484.78 m
Shadow Lake Formation - Silty carbonate,
siltstone, sandstone and sandy
conglomerate; medium buff to olive green,
thin maroon-red intervals; lower part is
rich in quartz pebbles (up to 0.5 cm dia.);
unfossiliferous, highly reworked; lower
contact is very sharp, unit grades down
from an impure carbonate into sandstone and
siltstone before terminating as a sandy
conglomerate.
484.78-495.37 m
Precambrian.
Texture
-
uneven granular;
pegmatitic, very coarse
grained and highly
variable both as to grain
size and mineral
distribution.
Structure
-
simple pegmatite
Mineralogy
-
in order of abundance
feldspar
(45%)
quartz
(35%)
mafics
(151)
accessories ( 5%)
- 12 -
Colour
-
salmon pink
Other
-
healed microfractures
throughout; muscovite
muscovite crystallization
evident in some larger
fractures (493.8 m); the
weathered zone is
foliated.
Origin
-
rapid crystallization of
minerals from residual
fluids and gneiss escaping
from a cooling granitic
magma.
Name
-
Granite pegmatite
- 13 -
DRILL HOLE LOCATION-PICKERING
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Fairport
"Squires Beach
Soy i
i
i
i
DRILL HOLE
NucltarPowwf
Moore Pt
Pool* rf PETTICOAT CREEK
CONSERVATION AREA
279
LAKE
{ 246z
Scale 1:50,000
FIG. 5
V"*
'
- 14 -
HYDROCARBON ENERGY RESOURCES PROGRAM
WELL LOG:
OGS-83-3, Pickering
LOCATION:
Town of Pickering;
Lot 18, Range 3
Broken Front Concession.
ELEVATION:
89.7 m
0-25.02 m
DRILLING CO.:Geocon Ltd
K.B.
Overburden; no core recovery.
25.02-43.65 ra
Blue Mountain Formation - Shale; dark grey
to dark brown-grey, lowest 2 metres has
slightly calcareous bands 2 to 3 cm thick;
unfossiliferous.
43.65-48.20 m
Collingwood Member, Lindsay Formation Shale; dark grey-brown to black slightly
calcareous becoming more calcareous with
depth to the lower contact; petroliferous
odour when first broken; very minor fossil
debris (trilobite); calcareous siltstone
laminae occasional, but no limestone beds;
lower contact abrupt.
48.20-81.26 m
Lindsay Formation - Limestone; pale grey to
dark grey-brown, very fine grained, nodular
and horizontally laminated intervals; rich
in crinoid and shell debris; some intervals
petroliferous and bioclastic (with finely
crushed debris); pale grey areas tend to be
nodular; lower contact gradational.
81.26-147.80 m
Verulam Formation - Limestone with minor
alternating calcareous shale; limestone is
pale to medium grey, fine grained, overall
horizontally laminated (irregular laminae);
in part bioclastic (in beds 10 to 15 cm
thick); shales are dark blue-grey and only
amount to 5% of the rock; rock is overall
rich in shell and crinoid debris. Some
intervals of limestone have petroliferous
odour.
- 15 -
147.80-198.35 m
Bobcaygeon Formation - Limestone; medium
grey, overall very fine grained but medium
grained in bioclastic zones; horizontally
laminated with shaly beds and shaly
partings. Bioclastic zones are rich in
shell/crinoid debris. Not significantly
different from the overlying unit. 5%
shale, 2(^ bioclastic.
198.35-227.19 m
Gull River Formation - Limestone; pale grey
to buff-brown, lithographic to fine
grained, unfossiliferous ; stylolitic
partings; horizontally laminated by
variation in colour; lowest metre is greengrey.
.227.19-236.54 m
Shadow Lake Formation - Siltstone,
sandstone, and silty carbonate;
predominantly a buff impure carbonate to
230.0 m then is mottled maroon, red and
grey-green, to 234.84 m; this interval has
"golf ball" sand grains (up to l mm dia.)
in a silty carbonate matrix. Below this,
red and green breccia in a sandstone/
siltstone lithology, develops into a quartz
conglomerate at the base of this interval.
Precambrian clasts in this interval are not
the same lithology as the underlying
strata.
236.54-251.54 m
Precambrian.
Texture
- uneven granular; medium-fine
grained/crystalline;
lepidoblastic; schistose
dominated by micas.
Strucutre
- planar, gneissic; foliation
created by mineral
impurities at 45 0 to core
axis; bedding is reflected
in alternations of mineral
assemblages.
Mineralogy - variable according to the
gneissic band; in order of
abundance
calc-silicates (85%)
mafics
- 16 -
Colour
-
grey with dark bands
Other
-
brisk effervescence with
dilute HC1; relict crossbedding at 241.40 m;
plastic flow structures
are evident throughout;
chlorite and slickensides
associated with healed
fractures at
244.40 m
245.50 m
245.80 ra
Metamorphism -
regional medium grade
metamorphism amphibolite
facies.
Parent rock
-
impure limestone with
variable quantities of
admixed clay, silt and
ferruginous material.
Name
-
Calc-silicate gneiss.
- 17 -
References
Johnson, M.D.
1982: Oil Shale Assessment Project, p.135-138 in Summary
of Field Work, 1982, by the Ontario Geological
Survey, edited by John Wood, Owen L. White,
R. B. Barlow, and A.C. Colvine, Ontario Geological
Survey, Miscellaneous Paper 106, 235p.
Johnson, M.D., Russell, D.J., and Telford, P.G.
1983: Oil Shale Assessment Project, Vol.1, Shallow
Drilling Results 1981/82, Ontario Geological
Survey, OFR 5458.