fin-de-la-partie-3-c..

PARTIE 3 LES MASS MEDIAS : LA GALAXIE GUTENBERG, L’ERE
DES NOUVEAUX RESEAUX ET LES MEDIAS « GEANTS »
Les médias poursuivent tout au long du XXème siècle leur montée en puissance dans le cadre de
ce que M. Mc Luhan a appelé la galaxie Gutenberg, mais les réseaux prennent une importance
croissante et contribuent au phénomène des mass médias
Introduction : les enjeux de l’information et la montée en
puissance des médias
3.1) Les mass médias du XXème siècle
3.2) Les réseaux et les médias fin du XXème et XXIème siècles
PARTIE 3 LES MASS MEDIAS : LA GALAXIE GUTENBERG, L’ERE
DES NOUVEAUX RESEAUX ET LES MEDIAS « GEANTS »
3.3) Socio-économie et concentration des médias
Les quatre courants de l’économie-politique des médias
(les modèles d’analyse des médias des industries culturelles)
La concentration et les médias géants
3.3) Socio-économie et concentration des médias
John Milton, Adam Smith, John Stuart-Mil
la liberté / régulation du marché / le marché des
idées
Robert Picard, Benjamin Compaine
L’économie politique institutionnelle
schumpétérienne.
Le processus de destruction créatrice.
L’innovation technologique
L’économie politique radicale des médias
Mc Chesney (les big five), Bagdikian (media
monopoly)
Noam Chomsky
L’école du capitalisme digital Dan Schiller (1999).
Les réseaux sont considérés comme utilisés
avant tout pour approfondir la logique de
l’économie capitaliste
L’école des industries culturelles
• globalisation en cours, expansion de la
consommation de culture et d’information via
le marché,
• pouvoir des technologies de l’information et la
communication (numériques) sur les pratiques
culturelles et informationnelles
1
PARTIE 3 LES MASS MEDIAS : LA GALAXIE GUTENBERG, L’ERE
DES NOUVEAUX RESEAUX ET LES MEDIAS « GEANTS »
3.3) Socio-économie et concentration des médias
Les quatre courants de l’économie-politique des médias
(les modèles d’analyse des médias des industries culturelles)
Les modèles des industries culturelles
modèle éditorial: livres disques cinéma en
salles)
modèle de flot: radio et la télévision généraliste
modèle de club : télécommunications câble
Internet Satellite
La concentration et les médias géants
PARTIE 3 LES MASS MEDIAS : LA GALAXIE GUTENBERG, L’ERE
DES NOUVEAUX RESEAUX ET LES MEDIAS « GEANTS »
Social Ecology
of
Information
3.3) Socio-économie et concentration des médias
Les quatre courants théoriques de l’économie-politique des
médias
La concentration et les médias géants
Global
media
companies
Internet
companies
Telecoms
and ICT
L’écologie sociale de l’information (les grands marchés)
Media monopoly et les big five (les médias géants)
Définition des industries de l’information et mesure de la
concentration
PARTIE 3 LES MASS MEDIAS : LA GALAXIE GUTENBERG, L’ERE
DES NOUVEAUX RESEAUX ET LES MEDIAS « GEANTS »
3.3) Socio-économie et concentration des médias
Les quatre courants théoriques de l’économie-politique des
médias
La concentration et les médias géants
L’écologie sociale de l’information(les grands marchés)
Media monopoly et les big five (les médias géants)
Définition des industries de l’information et mesure de la
concentration
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N°2
N°1
Comcast Corp. media, entertainment, communications
company
Cable Communications,
Cable Networks,
Broadcast Television, NBC
Filmed Entertainment Universal Pictures
Theme Parks. Orlando Hollywood
The Media Networks ESPN, Disney Channels Worldwide, ABC Family, SOAPnet and
UTV/Bindass networks
ABC Television Network and television stations, ESPN Radio Network, Radio Disney
Network and owns and operates radio stations. It operates ABC, ESPN, ABC Family
and SOAPnet-branded internet businesses
The Parks & Resorts Florida California. Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney's Hollywood
Studios and Disney's Animal Kingdom; resort hotels, retail, dining, and entertainment
complex, a sports complex, conference centers, campgrounds, water parks, and other
recreational facilities
The Studio worldwide distribution to the theatrical, home entertainment, and
television markets. Touchstone Pictures, Pixar, Marvel, and Disneynature banners
The Consumer Products The Disney Store and DisneyStore.com
The Interactive Media interactive media platforms. Games console, online and
mobile games
N°3
Rupert Murdoch engineered a split of News Corp.'s publishing assets and
broadcasting/film divisions in 2013.
Fox News is in 90 million homes and is the dominant cable news network with the
most viewers for 12 straight years.
The latest extension of the Fox brand is Fox Sports 1.
The network launched in 2013 replacing motorsports channel Speed. With college
sports, MLB, golf, soccer and motorsports, Fox Sports 1 wants a piece of the lucrative
carriage fees commanded by ESPN.
A record 111.5 million people tuned in to watch the Super Bowl on Fox in 2014.
News Corp. is a media and information services company,
The company's media businesses include news and information services, sports programming, digital real estate services, book
publishing, digital education and pay-TV distribution.
Its global brand portfolio includes Amplify, The Australian, The Courier Mail, Dow Jones, Fox Sports Australia, Foxtel,
HarperCollins, Herald Sun, The New York Post, News America Marketing, REA, The Sun, The Sunday Telegraph, The Sunday Times
of London, The Times of London and The Wall Street Journal.
The company operates its business through five business segments: News & Information Services, Cable Network Programming,
Digital Real Estate Services, Book Publishing and Other.
The News & Information Services segment includes global product offerings of The Wall Street Journal, Barron's publications, The
Wall Street Journal Digital Network, Dow Jones Newswires and Factiva. The Cable Network Programming segment consists of FOX
SPORTS Australia. The FOX SPORTS Australia is focused on live national and international sports events, including national rugby
league, the domestic football league, English premier league, Australian and international cricket, as well as the NFL. It also offers
standard definition television channels, interactive viewing application and internet protocol (IPTV) channel. The Digital Real
Estate Services segment is a digital advertising business specializing in real estate services. The Book Publishing segment involves
general fiction, nonfiction, and children's and religious publications through HarperCollins Publishers LLC. The Other segment
consists of Amplify, which focuses on data and analytics, digital content and curriculum, and mobile distribution systems designed
for education. The company was founded on December 11, 2012 and is headquartered in New York, NY.
N°3
3
Time Warner, Inc. is a media and entertainment company. The company classifies its businesses into three reporting segments: Networks,
Filmed Entertainment and Publishing. The Networks segment consists of Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. and Home Box Office, Inc. Turner
operates domestic and international networks, including such recognized brands as TNT, TBS, truTV, CNN and Cartoon Network, which are
major advertising-supported television networks. Turner networks generate revenues principally from providing programming to affiliates
that have contracted to receive and distribute this programming and from the sale of advertising. It also operates various websites, including
CartoonNetwork.com, CNN.com, NASCAR.com and NCAA.com that generate revenues principally from the sale of advertising. Home Box
Office operates the HBO and Cinemax multi-channel premium pay television services. Home Box Office generates revenues principally from
providing programming to affiliates that have contracted to receive and distribute such programming to its customers who choose to
subscribe to the HBO or Cinemax services. The Filmed Entertainment segment consists of businesses managed by the Warner Bros, which
principally produces and distributes theatrical motion pictures as well as television shows and videogames. This segment's theatrical product
revenues are generated principally through rentals from theatrical exhibition of films and subsequently through licensing fees received for the
distribution of films on television networks and pay television programming services. This segment also generates revenues for both its
theatrical and television product through home video distribution on DVD and Blu-ray Discs and in various digital formats. In addition, the
company also generates revenues through the development and distribution of videogames. The Publishing segment consists principally of
Time, Inc.'s magazine publishing and related websites, book publishing, marketing services and other marketing businesses. This segment
generates revenues primarily from the sale of advertising, magazine subscriptions and newsstand sales. Time Warner was founded on January
10, 1990 and is headquartered in New York, NY.
N°4
N°5
Time Warner Cable, Inc. provides video, high-speed data and voice services in the United States.
The company offers its residential and business services customers with video, high-speed data
and voice services over its broadband cable systems. Its business services also include networking
and transport services and, through its wholly owned subsidiary, NaviSite, Inc., manages and
outsources information technology solutions and cloud services. It also provides advertising to a
variety of national, regional and local customers. Time Warner Cable was founded on March 21,
2003 and is headquartered in New York, NY.
PARTIE 3 LES MASS MEDIAS : LA GALAXIE GUTENBERG, L’ERE
DES NOUVEAUX RESEAUX ET LES MEDIAS « GEANTS »
3.3) Socio-économie et concentration des médias
Les quatre courants théoriques de l’économie-politique des
médias
La concentration et les médias géants
L’écologie sociale de l’information (les grands marchés)
Media monopoly et les big five (les médias géants)
Définition des industries de l’information et mesure de la
concentration
143
144
145
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13 industries choisies,
1. TV Broadcasting
2. Daily Newspapers
Le HHI
3. Wireline Telecommunications
4. Wireless Telecommunications
5. Internet Service Providers (ISP)
FCC
6. Radio Stations and Networks
7. Film
8. Magazines and Periodicals
9. Book publishing
10.Search Engines
11.Multichannel(Cable TV Operators/ Satellite Operators)
12.Video Network, Cable Network
13. L’information en ligne, en cours de réalisation
Une approche de long terme avec des points d’observation tous les 4 ans depuis
1990-1995
147
Department of justice USA
HHI> 1800
1800> HHI > 1000
HHI< 1000
high concentration
moderate
low
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