Répertoire - Euromed Heritage

Transcription

Répertoire
de publications, rapports et normes
internationales utiles pour les études
comparatives relatives au cadre
institutionnel et légal de la
conservation du patrimoine
Repertory
of publications, reports and
international regulations useful for
the comparative studies on the
institutional and legal framework
of heritage conservation
Second Draft /October 2009
Deuxième Version /Octobre 2009
Se
TABLE DE MATIERES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Présentation
3
Presentation
Bibliographie générale
5
General bibliography
Documents
Documents
Commission Européenne
Euromed Heritage
Epoch
Recherche Communautaire, Energie,
Environnement et Développement durable
23
European Commission
Euromed Heritage
Epoch
Community Research, Energy, Environment
and Sustainable Development
Conseil de l’Europe
Chartes
Conventions
Recommandations
27
Council of Europe
Charters
Conventions
Recommendations
UNESCO
Conventions
Recommandations
Déclarations
36
UNESCO
Conventions
Recommendations
Declarations
ICOM
43
ICOM
ICOMOS
Chartes
Résolutions et déclarations
Autres documents
45
ICOMOS
Charters
Resolutions and Declarations
Other documents
UNIDROIT
47
UNIDROIT
OMT
52
WTO
OMPI - L’Organisation Mondial de la
Propeiété Intellectuelle
55
WIPO - World Intellectual Property
Organisation
Pays partenaires du Bassin méditerranéen
Algérie
Egypte
Israël
Jordanie
Liban
Maroc
Autorité palestinienne
Syrie
Tunisie
Mediterranean partner countries
57
59
61
63
64
65
67
69
70
Algeria
Egypt
Israel
Jordan
Lebanon
Morocco
Palestinian Authority
Syria
Tunisia
PRESENTATION
This directory is a preliminary exercise to the comparative studies of the special programme
of Euromed Heritage IV regarding the institutional and legislative strengthening in the field of
cultural heritage. It does not intend in any way to be a comprehensive bibliography. The aim is
simply to identify existing documents that could serve as reference during the future works.
The selection is made according to the following criteria:
1. A wide definition of cultural heritage: movable and immovable, tangible and intangible,
historic gardens and cultural landscapes, rehabilitation of historic towns, management of
heritage sites, museums and collections, etc.
2. Documents concerning institutions, legislations and management practices.
3. Preference given to documents posted on a website (through hypertext link).
4. Particular attention to the Mediterranean Area and to the partner countries (Algeria,
Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Syria).
5. Particular attention to documents from the European Union.
The directory is "open".
It will be regularly updated, on the basis of the new data that will be collected during the work.
We are grateful to all those colleagues who would be so kind as to inform us about documents of
interest that have not been listed.
The inventory is posted on the website of the Euromed Heritage programme:
www.euromedheritage.net
The international regulations, "conventions" and "charters" that guide the continuous
progress in the definition of "heritage" and in the "good practices" have also been identified.
Reference has been made to the main texts and to the website where they can be consulted.
Institutional and legislative strengthening has been recommended by the authorities of the
partner countries as a priority of the Euro-Mediterranean partnership for the period 2007 to
2013. Besides the comparative studies, the programme includes the organisation of 6 specialised
workshops, the first of them taking place in Paris, in December 2008, at UNESCO Headquarters,
on the domain of inventories.
The present repertory has been made possible thanks to the precious contribution of Teresa
Cristina Martins Patrício, PhD in Architecture, Master in Heritage Conservation.
Jean-Louis Luxen
Senior Legal Expert
Regional Monitoring and Support Unit
Euromed Heritage IV programme
[email protected]
RMSU Euromed Heritage 4 – Institutional and legislative strengthening
[email protected] / www.euromedheritage.net
REPERTOIRE /DIRECTORY – last change: 25/09/2009
page 3/71
PRESENTATION
Ce répertoire est le fruit d'un exercice préalable aux études comparatives du programme
spécial Euromed Heritage IV portant sur le renfort des institutions et des législations dans le
domaine du patrimoine culturel. Il ne se veut en aucune manière une bibliographie exhaustive.
L'objectif est simplement d'identifier les documents auxquels il est utile de pouvoir se référer au
cours des travaux ultérieurs.
La sélection répond aux critères principaux suivants :
1. Définition large du patrimoine culturel : meuble et immeuble, matériel et immatériel,
jardins historiques et paysages culturels, sauvegarde des villes historiques, gestion des sites
patrimoniaux, des musées et des collections, etc.
2. Documents relatifs aux institutions, aux législations et aux pratiques de gestion.
3. Préférence donnée aux documents qui peuvent être consultés par internet (par lien
hypertexte).
4. Attention particulière pour le Bassin méditerranéen et les pays partenaires (Algérie,
Autorité palestinienne, Egypte, Israël, Jordanie, Liban, Maroc, Tunisie, Syrie).
5. Attention particulière pour les documents relevant de l'Union Européenne.
Le répertoire se veut "ouvert" :
Il sera régulièrement complété par les données nouvelles recueillies au cours des travaux.
Nous sommes reconnaissants envers tous ceux qui voudront bien nous communiquer les
publications non inventoriées. Le répertoire est disponible en consultation sur le site internet du
programme Euromed Héritage: www.euromedheritage.net
Les normes internationales, "conventions" et "chartes" qui président aux avancées continues
dans la défintion du "patrimoine" et dans les prescriptions relatives aux "bonnes pratiques" ont
été aussi relevées. Il est fait mention des principaux textes, avec indication du site internet où ils
peuvent être consultés.
Le renforcement institutionnel et législatif a été souhaité par les autorités des pays partenaires
et repris comme une priorité du partenariat euro-méditerranéen pour la période 2007 à 2013.
Outre des études comparatives, le programme prévoit l'organisation de 6 ateliers spécialisés, dont
le premier se tient à Paris, en décembre 2008, au siège de l'UNESCO, sur la problématique des
inventaires.
Le présent répertoire a bénéficié de la contribution décisive de Teresa Cristina Martins Patrício,
Docteur en Architecture, Maître en conservation du patrimoine.
Jean-Louis Luxen
Docteur en Droit
Regional Monitoring and Support Unit
Programme Euromed Héritage IV
[email protected]
page 4/71
Bibliographie générale / General bibliography
A
ABRY Alexandre, CARABELLI Romeo (dir.), (2005), Reconnaître et protéger l’architecture récente de
la Méditerranée, Maisonneuve et Larose.
http://books.google.fr/books?id=XeMxHSgluXQC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false
Acteurs du Patrimoine Européen et Législation – APPEL, (2001), Survey of the legal and professional
responsibilities of the Conservator - Restorers as regard the other parties involved in the preservation
and conservation of cultural heritage / Etude des responsabilités légales et professionnelles des
conservateurs - restaurateurs au regard des autres acteurs de la sauvegarde et de la conservation du
patrimoine culturel, APEL, Rome. (ISBN: 92-990010-0-6)
AÑON FELIÚ Carmen (ed.), (2002), Culture and Nature. International legislative texts referring to the
safeguard of natural and cultural heritage, Giardino e Paesaggio, Leo S. Olschki, Città di Castello.
B
BAHRI-MEDDEB A., BINOUS J., DROCOURT D., (1994), Guidelines for the rehabilitation of
Mediterranean historic settlements, Priority actions programme regional activity centre (PAP/RAC),
Mediterranean action plan-unep, Split, Mediterranean action plan, 2 vol.
BASDEVANT Brigitte, CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2006) Le patrimoine culturel
religieux. Enjeux juridiques et pratiques culturelles, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel),
L'Harmattan, Paris.
BERGEAL Catherine, (2006), Gérer les sites classés, lieux de beauté et de mémoire, lieux de projets,
Sites et Monuments, SPPEF, Paris, n°195, p. 30-32.
BONNIN Marie, (2008), Les corridors écologiques. Vers un troisème temps du droit de la conservation
de la nature, (Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L’Harmattan, Paris. 274 pages.
BOUMAZA Nadir, (2005), Pour une pragmatique de l’action appuyé sur le patrimoine. Discours,
enjeux et nécessités d’avancer, in : BOUMAZA Nadir (dir), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes
maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose.
BOUMAZA Nadir, (1999), L’émergence d’acteurs intermédiaires de l’urbanisme au Maghreb:
l’exemple de la sauvegarde des médinas de Fès et de Tunis, in : SIGNOLES P., EL KADI G., SIDI
BOUMEDINE R. (dir), L´urbain dans le monde arabe. Politique, Instruments et acteurs, Paris, Editions
du CNRS.
http://www.cybergeo.eu/index984.html
BOUMAZA Nadir, (2003), Expérience occidentale et construction maghrébine d’une approche du
patrimoine, in : GRAVARI-BARBAS Maria, GUICHARD-ANGUIS Sylvie (dir.), Regards croisés sur le
patrimoine dans le monde à l’aube du 21e siècle, Presse de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne.
http://books.google.fr/books?id=5fC6tPOhFPMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false
BRINKMAN Manus, (2006), Reflexions on the causes of illicit traffic in cultural property and some
potential cures, in: Art and cultural heritage: law, policy and practice, Cambridge University Press, New
York, p. 64-67. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3)
BURGER Patrice, ROUSSELOU Emilie, TAQUET Michel, (2001), Environnement et Développement
durable en Méditerranée: répertoire des acteurs / Environment and sustainable development in the
Mediterranean area: active participants directory, Du Gret, (s.l.). (ISBN: 2-86844-118-1)
page 5/71
C
CAMARDA G., SCOVAZZI Tullio, (2002), The Protection of the underwater cultural heritage: legal
aspects, a conference held in Palermo and Syracuse, 8-10 March 2001, Università degli studi di
Milano-Bicocca, Facoltà di giurisprudenza, Giuffre, Milano.
CARABELLI Romeo, (2006), Héritage architectural récent en Méditerranée, Paris, Publibook. Ouvrage
réalisé dans le cadre du projet "Patrimoines partagés: savoirs et savoir-faire appliqués au patrimoine
architectural et urbain des XIXe-XXe siècles en Méditerranée", sous l'égide du programme "Euromed
Héritage II".
http://books.google.fr/books?id=nKowcymFm80C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false
CARDUCCI Guido, (1997), La restitution internationale des biens culturels et des objets d'art volés ou
illicitement exportés : droit commun, directive CEE, conventions de l'UNESCO et d'UNIDROIT, LGDJ,
Paris. (ISBN : 2-275-01571-X br)
CARDUCCI Guido, (2006), The growing complexity of International Art Law: Conflict of Laws, Uniform
Law, Mandatory Rules, UNSC Resolutions and EU Regulations, in: Art and cultural heritage: law,
policy and practice, Cambridge University Press, New York, p. 68-85. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3)
CASSAR May, (2009), Sustainable heritage: challenges and strategies for the twenty-first century,
APT bulletin 40, no. 1 pp. 3-11.
Abstract: This article, based on the College of Fellows lecture given at APT's 2008 annual
conference in Montreal, looks at the intersection of heritage conservation and sustainability
and considers how these two disciplines will together address the challenges of this century. In
thinking about the challenges and strategies that are emerging as the 21st century unfolds, it
would seem appropriate to set the scene for sustainable heritage conservation through the
prism of the last 40 years by highlighting some key developments in society, in heritage
conservation, and in the preservation profession. The author illustrates what these changes
mean for heritage conservation using the example of the greatest current challenge, climate
change, and considers how it might affect the thinking and practice of heritage conservation.
These last two decades have been like the slow movement of tectonic plates. The Athens
Charter of 1931 and the Venice Charter of 1964, with their focus on buildings, monuments,
and sites, have been augmented by the APT New Orleans Charter for the Joint Conservation
of Historic Structures and Artifacts of 1991, with its focus on interdisciplinarity, minimal
intervention, and the maintenance of continuity. The amendments to the Burra Charter in 1999
overtly recognized that heritage value and significance may be embodied in the uses,
meanings, and associations of a place, in addition to the physical fabric. These paradigm shifts
in conservation thinking have been occurring while sustainability principles have been
developing. Yet the world will change much faster and in radically different ways compared to
the last four decades. So the next step for heritage conservation is an obvious one, to align the
principles and practice of conservation in the 21st century fully with sustainability principles.
Subsequent steps may be harder to gauge in the endeavor to align heritage conservation
more closely with delivering an acceptable quality of life for the world's population, combining
work with economic growth of communities, and conserving heritage without depleting or
damaging the natural resources needed to sustain future generations. Realigning conservation
with sound principles of sustainability is an engaging if challenging contemporary definition of
sustainable heritage conservation. History, ethics, and policy of architectural preservation.
CENTRE DU DROIT DE L'ART, (s.d.), La convention d'Unidroit du 24 juin 1995 sur les biens culturels
volés ou illicitement exportés : actes d'une table ronde organisée le 2 octobre 1995, (Etudes en droit
de l'art, 9), Centre du droit de l'art, Genève, Schulthess Polygraphischer Verl., Zürich, Bibliothèque des
arts, Paris. (ISBN : 3-7255-3653-8 br)
page 6/71
CHAMBERLAIN Kevin, (2004), War and cultural heritage : an analysis of the 1954 Convention for the
Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its two protocols, Institute of Art and
Law, Leicester.
CLAMP Hugh, (1999), Landscape professional practice : a guide to legislation, conduct, appointments,
practice and contract procedures, Gower, Brookfield, 2nd ed. (ISBN: 0566080710)
http://library.getty.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=522536
CLARK Kate, (2005), Working with conservation management plans, Context, n° 91, p. 25-27.
Abstract: Conservation management planning is not just a piece of bureaucracy. It has the
power to be a common script that helps us to engage with other people.
CORNU Marie, (2003), Droit des biens culturels et des archives.
http://www.educnet.education.fr/chrgt/biensculturels.pdf
CORNU Marie, (2003), Patrimoine architectural, urbain et paysager : enjeux juridiques et dynamiques
territoriales, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), actes du colloque organisé par la
Direction de l'architecture et du patrimoine du Ministère de la culture et de la communication, 6, 7 et 8
décembre 2001 à Lyon, l'Harmattan, Paris, Budapest , Turin. (ISBN : 2-7475-4368-4 Br.)
CORNU Marie, (2003), Les mutations du droit du patrimoine culturel / Changes in the legislation of
historical monuments, in : GRAVARI-BARBAS Maria, GUICHARD-ANGUIS Sylvie (eds), Regards
e
croisés sur le patrimoine dans le monde à l'aube du XXI siècle, Presses de l'Université de ParisSorbonne, Paris, p.151-157. (ISBN: 2-84050-277-1)
Abstract: As the concept of heritage broadens, a wider view of the elements and approaches
of heritage protection is inevitable. The article poses the question of how laws and legislation
dealing with heritage address this broader base. The author wonders whether current law
provides adequate answers, or whether present legislation needs to be changed. Currently,
much legislation seems to address only material, moveable heritage, for instance works of art
and monuments. Little if any legislative consideration is given to intangible heritage (traditions,
customs, know-how, languages). At the same time, there is acceptance that certain types of
heritage, such as landscapes and the urban fabric, evolve over time. The author contends that
joint legislative action is imperative in the fields of cultural and environmental heritage.
CORNU Marie, (2004), Archives et patrimoine, actes du colloque organisé dans le cadre du
programme CNRS "Archives de la création" par le Groupe de recherche sur le droit du patrimoine
culturel et naturel CECOJI-CNRS et Faculté Jean Monnet - Université Paris-Sud-XI, (Droit du
patrimoine culturel et naturel), l'Harmattan, Paris, Budapest, Torino, 2 vol.. (ISBN : 2-7475-5902-5 br. ;
2-7475-5903-3 br.)
CORNU Marie, FERAULT Marie-Agnès, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2003), Patrimoine architectural,
urbain et paysager : enjeux juridiques et dynamiques territoriales, (Collection Droit du patrimoine
culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris.
CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (1999), Fondation et trust dans la protection du
patrimoine, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris.
CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2001), Genèse du droit de l’environnement, (Collection
Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol.
CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (2002), Le patrimoine culturel et la mer : aspects juridiques et
institutionnels, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol.
CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2003), Archives et Recherche, (Collection Droit du
patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris.
page 7/71
e
CORNU Marie, FROMAGEAU Jérôme (dir.), (2004), La forêt à l’aube du XXI siècle. Aspects
politiques et juridiques, (Collection Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol.
CORNU Marie, MEZGHANI Nébila (dir.), (2004), Intérêt culturel et mondialisation, (Collection Droit du
patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris, 2 vol.
CORNU Marie, MALLET-POUJOL Nathalie, (2006), Droit, œuvres d’art et musés, CNRS Editions.
CRIDEAU-CNRS Limoges (dir.), (2004), Les monuments historiques : un nouvel enjeu, Droit du
patrimoine culturel et naturel, L’Harmattan, Paris. 2 vol.
D
DAILOO Shabnam Inanloo, PANNEKOEK Frits, (2008), Nature and culture: a new world heritage
context, International journal of cultural property 15, n° 1, p. 25-47.
Abstract: The understanding of the relationship between culture and nature as manifested in
the UNESCO declarations and practices has changed over the last few years. The World
Heritage Convention is continuing to evolve its definitions to reflect the increasing complexities
of world cultures as they grapple with the heritage conservation policies that reflect their
multiple stakeholders. They are also integrating a greater cultural perspective in their recent
resolutions to the convention. Although the links between nature and culture have been
clarified through this new attention to cultural landscapes, many countries and their
bureaucracies have not yet adopted these new perspectives. The article suggests that to
achieve an integrated approach to conservation, national, regional, and international bodies
and their professionals must be involved. Two examples are discussed to address the
shortcomings of the application of the convention and to illustrate the complexities of defining
and conserving cultural landscapes. Historic gardens and cultural landscapes, History, policy,
ethics, and legislation, heritage management, stakeholders.
DE LA TORRE Marta (ed.), (1997), La conservation des sites archéologiques dans la région
méditerranéenne, in : Marta de la Torre (dir.), Une conférence internationale organisé par le Getty
Conservation Institute et le J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, mai 1995, (actes de conférence), The
Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles. (ISBN: 0-89236-487-4)
DE LA TORRE Marta (ed.), (2002), Assessing the Values of Cultural Heritage: Research Report, The
Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles.
http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/assessing.pdf
DEACON Harriet (et al.), (2004), The subtle power of intangible heritage : legal and financial
instruments for safeguarding intangible heritage, Research monograph / Social Cohesion and
Integration Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council HSRC Publishers, Cape Town.
(ISBN: 0796920745)
DI LEVA Charles E., (2006), The World Bank's Policy on physical cultural resources, Cambridge
University Press, New York, p. 245-248. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3)
DIETRICH Reinhard, (2002), Cultural property on the move – legally, illegally, International Journal of
Cultural Property, vol.11, n°2, January 2002, p.294-304.
Direction des Archives de France, Centre de recherche sur le droit du patrimoine culturel, (2006),
Archives et sciences sociales, Aspects juridiques et coopérations scientifiques.
DROCOURT Daniel, POMEY Patrice, NIETO Javier (et al.), (1995), Cent sites historiques d'intérêt
commun méditerranéen : Protection du patrimoine archéologique sous-marin en Méditerranée, 100
sites historiques d'intérêt commun méditerranéen: documents techniques, Ateliers du Patrimoine de la
Ville de Marseille, Editions De Boccard, Marseille, n°5. (ISBN: 2-907045-02-6)
page 8/71
DROMGOOLE Sarah (ed.), (1999), Legal protection of the underwater cultural heritage : national and
international perspectives, Kluwer Law International, Leicester. (ISBN: 9041197621)
DROMGOOLE Sarah (ed.), (2006), The protection of the underwater cultural heritage: national
perspectives in light of the UNESCO Convention 2001, (Publications on ocean development, n°55),
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Boston 2nd ed. (ISBN: 978-90-04-1527-31; 90-04-15273-3)
DUTLI Maria Teresa, (2007), Protection juridique des biens culturels dans les conflits armés: le Comité
international de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) et la Protection des biens culturels (PBC). The role of the ICRC
(International Committee of the Red Cross) in the protection of cultural property, KGS Forum = Forum
PBC, n° 11, p. 71-77.
Abstract: Recent armed conflicts caused by religious or ethnic strife have shown that in
wartime the first to suffer are civilians and, increasingly, cultural goods. Of course, in the event
of conflict, the protection of human beings must be the first priority, derived from international
humanitarian law. Nevertheless, since cultural heritage is a major component of the identity of
peoples and communities, regulations concerning protection of cultural property (PCP) have
also become a part of international humanitarian law. Respecting the dignity of a people
entails respecting its culture. This general PCP situation, to which the International Committee
of the Red Cross (ICRC) has made significant contributions, is well developed and detailed.
However, in order for the international conventions to be applied, countries must become
signatory states. The ICRC contributes to convincing new states and raising their awareness
of PCP issues. At present, 117 countries have ratified the 1954 Hague Convention, and of
these, 95 the First Protocol (1954) and 45 the Second Protocol (1999). The additional
amendment Protocols I and II of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions bind 167 and 163 countries,
respectively, to comply with the regulations. These international instruments have still not been
enforced, however, and their further diffusion is necessary to ensure their respect in all
countries in the event of conflict. Also, until now, few countries have taken measures at the
national level to ensure PCP in the event of conflict: these would include penal measures; the
identification of cultural property via inventories; or training of military staff, authorities, and
concerned civilians. Relevant legislative measures, which are numerous, are essential to
ensuring the respect of cultural property during a conflict and preserving mankind's cultural
heritage. As shown by the destruction during many conflicts (e.g., in Cambodia, the former
Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, or Darfur), compliance with the regulations of humanitarian
international law--including PCP--continues to be major objective and a precondition for
peaceful coexistence among peoples. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, conservation
policy, cooperation, international agreements, international law.
F
FAWAZ Mona (dir), (2006), Urban Heritage and the politics of the Present, the American University of
Beirut.
FIEDLER Wilfried, TURNER Stefen, (2003), Bibliography on the Law of the international protection of
cultural property, De Gruyter Recht.
FITZ Gibbon, (2005), Who owns the past? Cultural policy, cultural property, and the law, (The Public
Life of the Arts series), Piscataway, NJ, Rutgers University Press.
FRANCIONI Francesco, (1998), Le commerce illicite d’objets d’art et son contrôle : la Convention
d’UNIDROIT de 1995, Revue du Marché unique européen, n°2, p.69-88.
FRIER Pierre-Laurent (dir.), (2004), Le nouveau droit de l’archéologie préventive, (Collection Droit du
patrimoine culturel et naturel), L'Harmattan, Paris.
FRIER Pierre-Laurent, (1997), Droit du patrimoine culturel, PUF, (Droit fondamental ).
page 9/71
FRIGO Manlio, (2001), La circolazione internazionale dei beni culturali : Diritto internazionale, diritto
comunitario e diritto interno, Giuffrè, Milano.
G
GALARD Jean (dir.), (2001), L'Avenir des musées, actes du colloque international organisé au musée
du Louvre par le Service culturel les 23-25 mars 2000, Réunion des musées nationaux, musée du
Louvre, R.M.N., Paris. (ISBN 2-7118-4327-0)
Résumé: Les contributions réunies dans ce volume offrent une réflexion sur des questions
décisives pour l'avenir des musées telles que les financements, les évolutions juridiques,
l'incidence des nouvelles techniques de l'information, etc. L'intérêt de cet ouvrage est de
présenter des expériences diverses et internationales, les intervenants provenant de différents
pays d'Europe et des États-Unis. Les communications rendent essentiellement compte
d'expériences professionnelles occidentales et de pays riches. On peut donc regretter
l'absence d'intervenants originaires de pays d'Afrique, d'Asie, d'Océanie. Deux articles sont à
signaler dans ce recueil : "Inaliénabilité des œuvres : la législation européenne", de Xavier
Buffet Delmas d'Autane (p. 243-261), qui présente l'inaliénabilité des œuvres en droit français.
L'auteur offre par ailleurs une vue d'ensemble des principes applicables en la matière en
Espagne, en Italie, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni. "Le principe d'inaliénabilité : une remise
en question", de Chris Dercon (p. 263-285), pose la question de la cession des œuvres d'art
contemporain, au moyen de l'exemple de la politique de gestion des collections menée au
musée Boijmans Beuningen de Rotterdam.
http://icom.museum/bibliographie2002.html
GARFINKLE Ann M., (2003), The Legal and Ethical Consideration of Mural Conservation: Issues and
Debates, in: Getty symposium "Mural Painting and Conservation in the Americas", Los Angeles, CA,
May 16-17, 2003, GCI, Los Angeles.
http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/pdf_publications/garfinkle.pdf
GIBSON Johanna, (2005), Community resources : intellectual property, international trade and
protection of traditional knowledge, Aldershot, Hants, Burlington, VT, Ashgate. (ISBN: 0754644367)
GRAVARI-BARBAS Maria, GUICHARD-ANGUIS Sylvie (dir.), (2003), Regards croisés sur le
patrimoine dans le monde à l’aube du 21e siècle, Presse de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne.
http://books.google.fr/books?id=5fC6tPOhFPMC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false
GROSHEIDE F. Willem, BRINKHOF Johannes Jacobus (eds), (2002), Intellectual property law, 2002 :
articles on the legal protection of cultural expressions and indigenous knowledge, (Molengrafica
series, n°13), Molengraaf Institute for Private Law’s, Centre for Intellectual Property Law (CIER),
Intersentia Antwerp, New York. (ISBN: 905095233X)
Contents: "Granular knowledge": cultural problems with intellectual property and protection /
Walter E.A. van Beek and Fabiola Jara -- Protecting traditional knowledge and folklore /
Graham Dutfield -- Intellectual property and the protection of cultural expressions: the work of
the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) / Wend B. Wendland --- Legal concerning
(i.e., concerns of?) traditional knowledge protection on the international agenda: the EU
approach / Jean Charles van Eeckhaute -- Protecting the cultural expressions of indigenous
peoples under intellectual property law: the Australian experience / Michael Blakeney -Traditional knowledge and folklore: a new topic in the international arena / Silke von Lewinski - Digital rights management and documentation of traditional knowledge: strange bedfellows? /
Richard Owens -- Intellectual property, genetic resources, and traditional knowledge
protection: thinking globally, acting locally / Charles R. McManis -- Protection of traditional
knowledge: a critical synthesis / Geertrui van Overwalle.
http://library.getty.edu/cgibin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v1=1&ti=1,1&Search%5FArg=Intellectual%20property%20law&Search%5FCode=
TALL&CNT=25&PID=nOZYESi2OTXdS5YOhPxzJkAKrIBP5&SEQ=20081112043428&SID=1
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H
HAMILAKIS Yannis, DUKE Philip (eds), (2007), Archaeology and capitalism : from ethics to politics,
(One world archaeology, 54), Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, California. (ISBN: 9781598742701;
598742701)
Contents: pt. 1. Introduction: From ethics to politics / Yannis Hamilakis -- pt. 2. Ethics in
question -- When theory, practice, and policy collide, or Why do archaeologists support cultural
property claims? / Alexander A. Bauer, Shanel Lindsay, and Stephen Urice -- Ethical
challenges to a postcolonial archaeology : the legacy of scientific colonialism / George
Nicholas and Julie Hollowell -- Cultural sensitivity, science, and ethical imperatives :
contemporary archaeology in the South-western United States / Charles R. Riggs -- Whatdoes
it mean "to give the past back to the people"? : archaeology and ethics in the postcolonial /
Nick Shepherd -- pt. 3. Archaeology in capitalism, archaeology as capitalism -- British
commercial archaeology : antiquarians and labourers, developers and diggers / Paul Everill -Ethics, capitalism, and public archaeology in Brazil
-- The historical process of the commoditization of the Near Eastern past
by archaeologists : empire, war, civilization, and other assets / Tamima Orra Mourad -Archaeology within marketing capitalism / Alice B. Kehoe -- Sustainable" heritage? : public
archaeological interpretation and the marketed past / Neil Asher Silberman -- Contemporary
museum practice in Cusco, Peru / Helaine Silverman -- pt. 4. Ethical futures, emancipatory
archaeologies -- "Grabe, wo du stehst!" : an archaeology of perpetrators / Reinhard Bernbeck
and Susan Pollock -- The archaeology of the Spanish Civil War : recovering memory and
, Elena Sintes
historical justice / Ermengol
Olives, and Dawnie Steadman -- The culture of caring and its destruction in the Middle East :
women’s work, water, war, and archaeology / Maggie Ronayne -- Ethics, objectivity, and
emancipatory archaeology / Dean J. Saitta.
HTTP://LIBRARY.GETTY.EDU/CGI-BIN/PWEBRECON.CGI?BBID=712351
HLADIK Jan, (2007), Aspects civils et militaires de la Convention de La Haye pour la protection des
biens culturels en cas de conflit armé (1954) et des Premier et Deuxième Protocoles (1954 et 1999) /
Civilian-military aspects of the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols (1954, 1999), KGS
Forum = Forum PBC, n° 10, p. 29-33.
Abstract: To ensure the best possible protection of cultural property in both peacetime and in
the event of an armed conflict, the 1954 Hague Convention and its two Protocols stipulate
several legal obligations that must be met by civilian and military bodies. The implementation
and execution of the relevant articles are not precisely defined. It is left to the signatory states
to carry out this work according to their own national legislation. There are chiefly three civilian
obligations. 1) The support and implementation of protective measures. Art. 3 of the Hague
Convention requires signatory states to: "undertake to prepare in time of peace for the
safeguarding of cultural property situated within their own territory against the foreseeable
effects of an armed conflict, by taking such measures as they consider appropriate." Art. 5 of
the Second Protocol precisely sets out the measures to be taken. 2) The marking of cultural
property with the international protection of cultural property (PCP) shield. This obligation is set
out in Art. 6, 16, and 17 of the Convention, as well as Art. 20 of the implementing provisions.
The fact that during the war in the former Yugoslavia cultural property bearing this emblem
was the first to be targeted would appear to support the objections raised by some states to
this provision. 3) The widest possible dissemination of the text of the Convention and its
Protocols. These principles should be disseminated in accordance with Art. 25 of the
Convention and Art. 30 of the Second Protocol. There are also three main military obligations.
1) Respect for cultural property (Art. 4 & 5 of the Convention as well as Chapter 2 of the
Second Protocol). 2) The introduction of provisions concerning cultural property protection in
military regulations or instructions (Art. 71 of the Convention, Art. 30 of the Second Protocol).
3) The planning and establishment of trained personnel within the armed forces whose
purpose is to secure respect for cultural property and to cooperate with the civilian authorities
(Art. 72 of the Convention). Although these obligations apply only to armed conflict, it is
essential that the provisions become an integral part of military regulations and manuals in
peacetime. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.
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HOFFMAN Barbara T. (ed.), ( 2006), Art and Cultural Heritage: law, policy and practice, Cambridge
University Press, New York. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3)
HOFFMAN Barbara T., (2006), Introduction to Parts II and III: cultural rights, cultural property, and
international trade, in: Art and cultural heritage: law, policy and practice, Cambridge University Press,
New York, p. 89-93. (ISBN: 0-521-85764-3)
I
Institute of Hellenic Constitutional History and Constitutional Law, (1995), Archaeological heritage:
current trends in its legal protection, International conference, Athens, 26-27 November 1992,
(Studies), P. Sakkoulas Bros., Athens, n°5.
INTERPOL, (1998), Deuxième conférence internationale sur le trafic illicite des oeuvres d’art volés
dans les pays d’Europe centrale et orientale, Budapest, Hongrie, 9-11 juin 1998: compte rendu,
OIPC/INTERPOL, Lyon.
INTERPOL, (2004), Quatrième conférence internationale sur le trafic illicite des biens culturels volés
en Europe centrale et orientale, Sinaïa City, Roumanie, 7-9 septembre 2004 : recommandations,
OIPC/INTERPOL, Lyon.
INTERPOL, (2007), Séminaire régional à l’attention des pays de l’Europe centrale et orientale sur le
trafic illicite des biens culturels, Cracovie, septembre 2007.
J
JOKILEHTO Jukka, (1999), A History of Architectural Conservation, (Conservation and Museology),
Butterworth-Heinemann Series, Oxford.
http://www.iccrom.org/eng/02info_en/02_04pdf-pubs_en/ICCROM_doc05_HistoryofConservation.pdf
JOUANNY Jean-Pierre, (2008), The role of INTERPOL in countering the traffic in cultural property,
International preservation news: a newsletter of the IFLA Programme on Preservation and
Conservation / Internationale Nachrichten der Konservierung / Les nouvelles internationales de
preservation / Mezhdunarodnye novosti konservatsii, n° 45, p. 7-9.
Abstract: INTERPOL, an intergovernmental organization with 186 member countries, was
created in 1914. Since 1947 it has been involved in the fight against the illicit traffic in cultural
property. INTERPOL uses telecommunications networks, international notices, posters,
computerized databases, DVDs of stolen works, a Web site, training courses, and triennial
conferences to carry out its work. The author recommends that information about stolen works
be sent to INTERPOL as rapidly as possible and that national and international police services
work together. Preventive conservation and collections care, History, policy, ethics, and
legislation.
L
LALIVE D’EPINAY Pierre, (1997), La Convention d’UNIDROIT sur les biens culturels volés ou
illicitement exportés (du 24 juin 1995), Revue suisse de droit international et de droit européen,
Genève, n°1, p.13-56.
LECHARNY Caroline (2002), L'action des douanes et de la police: quelle protection pour le patrimoine
archéologique?, Archéologia, n° 386, May 2002, p.52-57.
LONGSTRETH Richard (ed.), (2008), Cultural landscapes : balancing nature and heritage in
preservation practice, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. (ISBN: 9780816650989;
0816650985; 9780816650996; 0816650993)
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Contents: Landscape preservation and cultural geography / Julie Riesenweber -- The politics
of preservation : power, memory, and identity in Los Angeles’s Little Tokyo / Hillary Jenks Cross-Bronx : the urban expressway as cultural landscape / Michael Caratzas -- The American
summer youth camp as a cultural landscape / Courtney P. Fint -- Wild lands and wonders :
preserving nature and culture in national parks / Bonnie Stepenoff -- Mediating ecology and
history : rehabilitation of vegetation in Oklahoma’s Platt Historic District / Heidi Hohmann -- A
continuum and process framework for rural historic landscape preservation : revisiting Ebey’s
Landing on Whidby Island, Washington / Nancy D. Rottle -- Natural and cultural resources :
the protection of vernacular landscapes / Susan Calafate Boyle -- Cultural landscapes :
venues for community-based conservation / Susan Buggey and Nora Mitchell -- Management
for cultural landscape preservation : insights from Australia / Randall Mason -- Are we there
yet? : Travels and tribulations in the cultural landscape / Robert Z. Melnick.
LOWE Sébastien, (1998), Modern Architecture in Historic cities: Policy, Planning and Building in
Contemporay France, Routledge.
http://books.google.fr/books?id=dONVGtJzxrwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false
LOWENTHAL David, (2008), Authenticities past and present, CRM 5, n° 1 (Winter 2008), p. 6.
Abstract: In opposition to prevailing views on authenticity, the author asserts that the value of
collective heritage should not be based entirely on what is considered authentic in one
particular place and time. Most activities, like the construction and retrieval of personal
memories, serve to change perceptions of prior events. The author discourages equating
authenticity with current notions of historical accuracy, and by association, cultural value.
Finding that the criteria by which authenticity is judged vary based on location, changing
ideologies, and individual motivation, he suggests that the creation of a singular definition of
authenticity is impossible. For this reason, he concludes that the sum of ideas surrounding the
term itself will forever remain ambiguous, imperfect, and fleeting. History, policy, ethics, and
legislation
LUXEN Jean-Louis, (2004), Reflexions on the Use of heritage Charters and Conventions,
Conservation, GCI Newsletter, Los Angeles, n°19.2, summer 2004.
http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications/newsletters/pdf/v19n2.pdf
M
MACKENZIE Simon R.M., (2005), Going, going, gone: regulating the market in illicit antiquities,
Institute of Art & Law, Leicester.
Abstract: Taking as its topic the problems of increasing traffic in looted objects, this book
presents an analysis of present laws regulating the international movement of antiquities,
exposing legal flaws and loopholes exploited by traffickers as well as ways in which these laws
are not appropriately adapted to how the current antiquities market functions. The author
presents interviews and site visits at auction houses, museums and so on, examining from all
sides why the current legal controls are not working, and how they and the antiquities market
as a whole might be improved.
MAINETTI Vittorio, (2003), Le Protocole de La Haye de 1954 et les moyens pour empêcher le trafic
illicite de biens culturels, Kulturgüterschutz betrifft uns alle, Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz,
Kulturgüterschutz, Bern, p.215-222.
Abstract: The 1954 Hague Protocol, known today as First Protocol, is an added supplement of
the Hague Convention for the protection of cultural property in the event of armed conflict. It
aims to prevent looting and diversion of cultural property from occupied territories, and sets out
a series of obligations upon States parties in order to prevent the exportation and traffic of
such property, thus laying down the legal basis for its restitution after hostilities. This
instrument deals also with the issue of the return of cultural property deposited abroad for the
purpose of protecting it against the dangers of armed conflict. Unfortunately this protocol has
remained quite ineffective, as none of the States parties who ratified it has required its
implementation and insertion in their national legislation. Such ineffectiveness, as explained by
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the author, seems to be due more to the non-observance of its rules by States parties than to
the weaknesses of the text.
MAINETTI Vittorio, (2004), Quelle protection pour le patrimoine culturel subaquatique en
Méditerranée? En attendant l'entrée en vigueur de la Convention de l'UNESCO de 2002, in : La
protezione del patrimonio culturale sottomarino nel mare Mediterraneo, Giuffrè Editore, Milano, p.121156.
Abstract: There are a vast number of archaeological sites and objects found on the floor of the
Mediterranean Sea, yet their protection is relatively inadequate. Though this cultural heritage
resource is protected by international law, including a United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea (1982), and other regional protective instruments, the 2001 UNESCO Convention
on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage may close gaps that appear in the
existing legislations. The problem is the amount of time that nations must wait for this
particular Convention to enter into force. While nations delay in ratifying it, Mediterranean
underwater heritage is at risk of being pillaged, damaged or destroyed. The author examines
this issue by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of regional international laws in place
pertaining to the Mediterranean.
MANISCALCO Fabio, (2007), World heritage and war: linee guida per interventi a salvaguardia dei
beni culturali nelle aree a rischio bellico, Mediterraneum, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°6. (ISBN: 8887835-89-6)
MERRYMAN John Henry, (1996), The UNIDROIT Convention: three significant departures from the
Urtext, International Journal of Cultural Property, vol.5, p.1-18.
MARTELLI CASTALDI Monica, NÉGRI Vincent, (2008), L'engagement d'ECCO pour une
reconnaissance politique, institutionnelle et juridique de la conservation-restauration en Europe / The
involvement of ECCO in the political, institutional and legal recognition of conservation-restoration in
Europe, in : BRIDGLAND Janet (ed.), 15th triennial conference, New Delhi, 22-26 September 2008,
ICOM Committee for Conservation, p. 356-363. (ISBN 978-81-8424-344-4)
Abstract: Presents the latest progress of work that the European Confederation of
Conservator-Restorers' Organisations (ECCO) has developed in the field of legislation for
protection of cultural heritage. At present, ECCO is the only organization that represents the
profession of conservator in Europe, and it has earmarked a part of its work-related activities
for creation of specific rules for the cultural heritage sector. One of the objectives of ECCO is
to contribute towards clarification of legal responsibilities in different steps of the activities
involved in preservation and conservation of heritage, clarifying the roles and responsibilities
of various experts involved. This presentation deals with the work conducted to date by ECCO
member countries and brings it to a higher level in the international domain outside Europe.
The aim and the hope is to contribute towards creation of specific and common legislative
cadres for conservation-restoration by providing guidelines that guarantee project quality in
cultural heritage, consequently ensuring its protection. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.
MERTZANI Maria, MALEA Ekaterini, MANIATIS Nikolaos, and PANAGIARIS Georgios, (2008),
Towards a binding code of ethics for the conservation and display of human remains, in : BRIDGLAND
Janet (ed.), 15th triennial conference, New Delhi, 22-26 September 2008, ICOM Committee for
Conservation, p. 364-369. (ISBN 978-81-8424-344-4)
Abstract: Underlines the need for a binding international code of ethics for the conservation
and display of human remains, and briefly surveys the most important codes, guidelines and
legislation for the care of human remains up to the present. The authors recognize the need to
broaden the term "human remains" and to adopt a holistic approach to burial as a cultural
praxis. Research, conservation, and display policies and ethics are discussed in order to
illustrate the need for minimal regulation of these issues. The diversity of legislation and
culture among countries and groups is recognized. Proposals for the development of a
generally accepted statutory document include the formation of a committee after exhaustive
study of all written work and international legislation as well as in-depth discussion with all
involved groups. Most importantly, the required level of competence for all scientists working
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with human remains, as well as the minimum standards of laboratories, should be clearly
defined. History, policy, ethics, legislation, principles and practices of archaeological
conservation.
MECHTA K. (dir.), (1991), Maghreb: architecture et urbanisme: patrimoine, tradition et modernité,
Publisud, Paris.
MEZGHANI
, POLI Jean-François (dir.), (2006),
, (Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), L’Harmattan, Paris. (ISBN:
9782296015784)
MIRIEU DE LABARRE Éric, (2006) Droit du patrimoine architectural, Litec.
Mission des Affaires européennes, (2002), La protection du patrimoine et le contrôle de l'exportation:
Législations et réglementations des pays de l'Europe communautaire, Ministère de la Culture, Paris.
MOORE Kevin (ed.), (1999), Management in museums, (New research in museum studies, 7),
Athlone Press, London. (ISBN 0-485-90008-4.)
MOULIN Claude, (1998), Tourisme culturel durable en Méditerranée: le cas des sites du patrimoine
mondial, in : Le tourisme culturel. Actes du Forum International organisé à Hammamet, les 23-25
octobre 1997, (Actes de conférence), Ministère de la Culture, Tunis, p. 93-114. (ISBN: 9973-917-31-6)
N
NARDI Roberto, (2008), Conservation for presentation: a key for protecting monuments, in:
SAUNDERS David, TOWNSEND Joyce H, WOODCOCK Sally (eds), Conservation and access:
contributions to the London Congress 15-19 September 2008, International Institute for Conservation
of Historic and Artistic Works, p. 22-26. (ISBN 0-9548169-2-7)
Abstract: Abandonment, neglect, poor planning, and inadequate presentation of cultural
heritage are common occurrences. In some cases, the only way to prevent destruction and
abandonment is to undertake treatment specifically designed for public consumption, with the
aim of recovering forgotten or undervalued heritage. Accepting this premise, in certain
circumstances conservation treatment suggests technical solutions that are closer to
restoration than conservation. This situation has occurred several times in the course of the
activities of the Center for Archaeological Conservation, Rome, and has been approached as
described in this study. The interventions were carried out in Israel in the Large Baths and
Liscat Hamefaked in Masada and in Radà, Yemen, in the Madrasa Amiriya. A case still in
progress, the conservation of gigantic stone statues from the 10th century BC from Cabras,
Sardinia, Italy, concludes the work. History, ethics, and policy of architectural preservation,
legislation.
NÉGRI, Vincent, (2000), Conventions and laws related to submarine archaeological sites in the
Mediterranean, in: MOSTAFA Mostafa Hassan, GRIMAL Nicolas, NAKASHIMA Douglas (eds) (2000),
Underwater archaeology and coastal management. Focus on Alexandria, (Coastal Management
Sourcebooks, 2), UNESCO Publishing, Paris, p. 122-129. (ISBN: 92-3-103730-7)
NYPAN Terje (2007), The growing influence of the European Union Legislation and the challenge for
cultural heritage management, in: Deutscher Kunstverlag, Die Denkmalpflege Deutscher Kunstverlag,
n°2, p. 119-129. (ISSN: 0947-031-X)
NOBLET Christel de, Protection du patrimoine architectural et initiative privée, étude de droit comparé
sur la protection du patrimoine architectural aux Etats –Unis et au Royaume-Uni, (à paraître octobre
2008).
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O
O’KEEFE Patrick J., (2000), Commentary on the UNESCO 1970 convention on illicit traffic, Institute of
art and law, Leicester. (ISBN : 0-9531696-9-3 )
O’KEEFE Patrick J., (2006), Protection and international collaboration: the legal framework of the
UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage 2001, Art antiquity and
law, vol.11, n°2, p.167-177.
Abstract: The 2001 Convention establishes for the first time a general international framework
of rules for the conduct of activities affecting the underwater cultural heritage. It provides
definitions for the heritage itself, for the activities likely to affect it and for other relevant
concepts. The rules on jurisdiction set out in the 2001 Convention are complex and relate to
the various zones established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982.
A particularly difficult issue was the rules relating to State vessels which have received a
meticulous formulation in the Convention. It establishes an oversight Committee which will
have a very significant role in the operation of the Convention and in the future conduct of any
activities affecting the underwater cultural heritage.
P
PALAZZO Elisa (ed.), (2009), Rehabilitation planning in the historical towns of the occupied
Palestinian territory, Esempi di Achitettura n°7
http://www.esempidiarchitettura.it/index.php
PALUMBO Gaetano, (2006), Privatization of state-owned cultural heritage: a critique of recent trends
in Europe, in: NEVILLE Agnew, BRIDGLAND Janet (eds), Of the past, for the future: integrating
archaeology and conservation, proceedings of the conservation theme at the 5th World Archaeological
Congress, Washington, D.C., 22-26 June 2003, Getty Conservation Institute symposium proceedings
series, The Getty Conservation Institute, p. 35-39. (ISBN 0-89236-826-8)
Abstract: Privatization, the market sale of cultural heritage properties belonging to the state, is
a growing trend. Examples from Italy, Britain, and France show that this trend is not likely to
stop, putting at risk the concept of the state as steward of public good. The risk for the
resource itself is in its loss of authenticity following market-oriented attempts to develop it to
enhance its economic value. The author introduces the concepts of cultural heritage
exploitation and use as two different models of heritage management. He argues that cultural
heritage exploitation has only an apparent economic advantage but in reality is nonsustainable
over the long term as it requires continuous reinvestment to remain competitive; cultural
heritage use can be sustainable as it implies active involvement of the local community in the
decision-making process and state-private partnerships in the process of development,
conservation, management, and protection of the cultural resource. Principles and practices of
archaeological conservation, management, decision making, heritage management,
stakeholders, sustainability, values.
PALUMBO Gaetano, (2002), Threats and Challenges to the archaeological heritage in the
Mediterranean, in: Jeanne Marie Teutonico, Gaetano Palumbo (eds), Management Planning for
Archaeological Sites, An International Workshop organised by the Getty Conservation Institute and
Loyola Marymount University, Corinth, May 2000, (Proceedings), The Getty Conservation Institute,
Los Angeles, p. 3-12. (ISBN: 0-89236-691-5)
PATERSON Robert K., (2005), The caring and sharing alternative: recent progress in the international
law association to develop draft cultural material principles, International journal of cultural property,
vol.12, n° 1, p.62-77.
Abstract: Increasingly those concerned with cultural property favour an approach that focuses
on protection and shared access over unequivocal demands for return to places of origin or
insistence on retention by museums and other institutions. This article starts by describing the
International Law Association and discussing its role, along with that of other nongovernmental
organizations, in connection with the development of cultural heritage principles and
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instruments. It then outlines the intent behind "Draft Principles for Cooperation in the Mutual
Protection and Transfer of Cultural Material" presently being developed by the Committee on
Cultural Heritage Law of the International Law Association. The Committee favours a nonadversarial and collaborative approach to issues surrounding the return of cultural material to
its place or people of origin. This article describes and discusses the draft principles being
developed by the Committee. Its hope is that a set of principles could be developed that would
form the basis for expediting the resolution of a variety of cultural property disputes. These
principles are at an early stage in their development and the Committee welcomes
suggestions for changes and additions to the draft principles as they now stand.
PECKHAM Robert Shannan (ed.), (2003), Rethinking heritage: cultures and politics in Europe, I.B.
Tauris, London. (ISBN: 1860647960)
PESENDORFER Michael, (2007), Krisenbewältigungs-Operationen / Cultural property protection in
peace-support crisis operations, KGS Forum = Forum PBC , n° 10, p. 34-41.
Abstract: Undeniably, cultural property is important not only to individual states, but to the
entire international community. Respecting and implementing relevant international and
national protection of cultural property (PCP) regulations and laws is not only a national civilian
and military task, but also an international obligation. To be able to fulfill these legal
responsibilities in a professional and effective manner, military and civilian authorities must
implement a system that ensures optimum protection of cultural goods from the planning
phase, through operations, to the winding-down stage. Cultural property protection is a
dynamic process, which must comply with developments in international law, international
relations and politics, and modern forms of combat. The "Guidelines on the protection of
cultural property in crisis management operations (peace support operations, crisis response
operations)"--i.e., the Bregenz Paper--formulated in the summer of 2006 by reputed
international experts in Bregenz, Austria, represents a fundamental document in this respect.
The guidelines primarily address the political and military strategic command level of the
relevant international organizations. The Bregenz Paper will be further developed through indepth debate and reflection. Its original objective was to focus the attention of political and
military decision-makers in the UN, the EU, and NATO and of their institutions, bodies, and
military forces on these issues with the aim of ensuring optimum protection of cultural property,
art, and science in armed conflicts and situations below the armed conflict threshold. This aim
is also valid for crisis management organizations. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, armed
conflicts, decision making, disaster planning.
PICKARD Robert, (2001), Policy and Law in Heritage Conservation, Spon Press, London, New York _
Council of Europe. (ISBN 0-419-23280-X)
Abstract: European Architectural Convention; Revised European Archaeological Convention;
definitions; historic complexes; inventories; preservation; policy; crimes; planning; construction
projects; Council of Europe; funding; administration; education; monuments; sites; legislation;
archaeology; architecture; buffer zones; taxation; history; buildings; landscapes; ownership;
training; heritage; conservation areas; databases; restoration; environmental impact
statements; construction projects; ICOMOS; religion; fixtures; churches; nature; gardens;
(United Kingdom; Spain; Netherlands; Malta; Latvia; Italy; Ireland; Germany; Georgia; France;
Denmark; Czech Republic; Belgium)
POISSON Olivier, (2007), De la collégialité en matière de décision et de suivi / Teamwork in decisionmaking and follow-up, Monumental: revue scientifique et technique des monuments historiques, n° 2,
p. 18-19.
Abstract: This journal issue focuses on painted decoration, with special emphasis on wall
paintings, worksites, and research. The author uses this brief article to pose a fundamental
question for the conservation of major State heritage: how can a truly shared conscience be
constructed among all the players involved with cultural heritage without dissociating the
individual and individual responsibilities from the broader task at hand. The response is to
place the monument or the object being restored into a global conscience of cultural heritage.
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This placement also requires knowledge and understanding of the history and methodology of
past treatments made to the work, or to similar works, as a fundamental element in carrying
out any intervention. The first step is to have a clear vision and to construct an approach that
encompasses the training, sensitivities, and culture of each professional involved. The author
also states that the project head places him/herself as the scientific and technical "control
point" of the State in creating the atmosphere of congeniality for effective teamwork throughout
the entire project. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.
POLI Jean-François, (1996), La protection des biens culturels meubles, Paris, LGDJ.
PRIEUR Michel, Dominique AUDRERI, (2004), Les monuments historiques, un nouvel enjeu?, vol.II,
L’Harmattan.
PROTT Lyndel V., (2000), Cultural heritage law: the perspective of the source nations, Art antiquity
and law, vol.5, n°4, p. 333-342.
Abstract: It is appropriate at this point in time to look at some of the aspects of new
developments in law relating to the art trade from the perspective of the "source" countries. In
this article, the author outlines, from the "source perspective", a number of recent
developments, both "benevolent" and "disquieting". She concludes that a true dialogue will be
achieved only once lawyers from source countries, who are at present under-represented at
international symposia, are able to attend and present their views.
PUTT Neal (2001), European preventive conservation strategy, Meddelelser om Konservering, n° 2,
p.27-28.
R
RHODES Robin Francis (ed.), (2007), The acquisition and exhibition of classical antiquities :
professional, legal, and ethical perspectives, A symposium held at the Snite Museum of Art, Univ. of
Notre Dame, Feb. 24, 2007, University of Notre Dame Press. (ISBN: 9780268040277; 0268040273)
RODWELL Dennis, (2007), Conservation and sustainability in historic cities, Blackwell Publishing,
Oxford.
S
SENECHAUD François, (2007), Instruction des troupes avant des opérations internationales / Training
troops prior to international missions, KGS Forum = Forum PBC , n° 10, p. 68-74.
Abstract: Respect for cultural property necessitates the advance introduction of measures to
ensure that when armed forces are eventually deployed, they act in accordance with the given
legal framework. The two chief issues here are: the process of integration in national
legislation and the legal interoperability between multinational forces, as set out in Article 7 of
the Second Protocol (1999) to the 1954 Hague Convention. Despite the efforts of legislators to
produce a clearly defined law, the various legally binding directives must be applied to
concrete action to ensure they are respected. To guarantee that the armed forces act legally,
the legislation must become a fundamental part of military doctrine, as well as soldiers'
training. In other words, the regulations and manuals, as well as theoretical and technical
instruction, must include references to practical measures and mechanisms for the protection
of cultural property. These should also be applied and put to the test during military training
exercises. Finally, an efficient system of sanctions and disciplinary measures should exist,
which allows the commanders to exercise their powers in full and helps avoid infringements of
the law. Multinational deployments raise the issue of legal interoperability. For example, the
legal provisions and obligations in relation to cultural property protection may vary across
participating countries. This raises the issue of an applicable standard. In theory, this should
be governed by the Status of Forces Agreement and the Rules of Engagement, combined with
page 18/71
the given national interpretations or limitations. Practice, however, mostly paints a different
picture. Any basis for how military action is taken that is not included in military doctrine cannot
be learned and as such cannot be put into practice during deployment. The International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) assists military commanders in tackling this shortcoming.
ICRC representatives explain the legal frameworks and help the military to recognize the
possible effects and repercussions their deployment may have. The adoption of measures or
action to ensure compliance with the law remains part of the armed forces' remit. Since 1994,
the ICRC has a specialist unit which assists members of the military in this field. Education
and training, History, policy, ethics, and legislation.
SCOVAZZI Tullio, (2004), La protezione del patrimonio culturale sottomarino nel mare Mediterraneo,
Papers presented at the session on law of an international conference entitled "La cooperazione nel
Mediterraneo per la protezione del patrimonio culturale subacqueo," Syracuse, Italy, April 3-5, 2003,
, Bicocca
,
(Series, 18),
Milano. (ISBN: 9788814107726, 8814107726)
SIGNOLES P., EL KADI G., SIDI BOUMEDINE R. (dir), (1999), L´urbain dans le monde arabe.
Politique, Instruments et acteurs, Paris, Editions du CNRS.
http://www.cybergeo.eu/index984.html
SMITH Melanie, ROBINSON Mike (eds), (2006), Cultural tourism in a changing world : politics,
participation and (re)presentation, (Tourism and cultural change, 7), Channel View Publications,
Clevedon, Buffalo. (ISBN: 1845410440; 1845410432; 1845410459; 9781845410445; 9781845410438;
9781845410452)
SOKAL Marina Papa, (2005), International law for the protection of the underwater cultural heritage:
can our past be salvaged?, Culture without context: the newsletter of the Near Eastern project of the
Illicit Antiquities Research Centre, n°16, p.1-5.
http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/research/
Abstract: The term ‘underwater cultural heritage’ (UCH) refers to all remains of human
activities lying on the seabed, on riverbeds, or at the bottom of lakes. It includes shipwrecks
and other objects lost at sea, as well as prehistoric sites, sunken towns, and ancient ports that
were once on the dry land and were eventually submerged due to climatic or geological
changes. UCH is an integral part of our common archaeological and historical heritage,
providing us with invaluable information about cultural and economic contacts, migration and
trade patterns, and production and export. In this article, the author briefly outlines the current
state of international law for the protection of UCH, concentrating on the 2001 UNESCO
Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, at present the only
international agreement specifically directed at the protection of UCH.
STANLEY-PRICE Nicholas (ed.), (2009), Cultural Heritage in Postwar Recovery, in: The proceedings
of the 2005 ICCROM Forum on 'Cultural Heritage in Postwar Recovery', ICCROM.
http://www.iccrom.org/eng/02info_en/02_04pdf-pubs_en.shtml
http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_ICS06_CulturalHeritagePostwar_en.pdf
Abstract: Papers focus on: the dynamism of identity, records of memory, handicrafts and
traditions, landscape and environment, and reconstruction.
STOVEL Herb, (2008), Origins and influences of the Nara Document on Authenticity, APT bulletin 39,
n° 2-3, p. 9-17.
Abstract: Examines the origins and influence of the Nara Document on Authenticity (1994) on
conservation attitudes and approaches in the UNESCO World Heritage Committee's
operations and in the work-a-day world of conservation at all levels. The author outlines the
degree to which the Nara Document owes it origins to the Japanese interest in seeing the
conservation approaches contained within World Heritage nominations judged impartially
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(without Eurocentric biases) by ICOMOS evaluators, before they would agree to adhere to the
World Heritage Convention. At the same time, the author explores the larger global context in
which this particular questioning took place in Japan and which guided the writing of the Nara
Document: confirmation of the critical role long played by authenticity in public and
professional debate in justifying the goals of conservation work; the long overdue desire to
replace belief in universal approaches with confidence in relative frameworks for decisionmaking; the search for overall coherence and decision-making consistency in the newly
liberated approaches; the search for measurable goals in new monitoring systems; and the
perceived role of authenticity in helping define associated indicators and measures. The article
documents the achievements (the spread of associated attributes from the tangible to the
intangible, the commitment to judging conservation approaches in their cultural context) and
the failings (no limits on the new freedom, no clear way to define the cultural context or
appropriate associated evaluative frameworks) of the Nara Document and the processes
leading up to it. And finally, the author looks beyond Nara and the great proliferation of local,
national, and regional meetings held since then to continue the discussions and apply these to
various contexts. The author looks at the most important of these, including the Riga Charter
of 2000, and comments on what these discussions have added to enable better use of
authenticity in conservation decision-making. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, charters.
STOVEL Herb, (1998), Risk Preparedness: A Management Manual for World Cultural Heritage,
ICCROM.
http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_17_RiskPreparedness_en.pdf
Abstract: The second in the series of management guidelines and manuals for World Cultural
Heritage, this volume addresses the issue of risk preparedness in both general and specific
terms. After an introduction to the overall context and principles, the author then discusses
property-specific strategies for various major risks, such as fire, earthquakes, flooding, armed
conflict and other hazards. The final section covers putting risk-preparedness into practice. A
list of sources and various key documents are also provided.
T
TAMASI Judit (ed.), (2001), Heritage protection within the compass of legal regulation. From law to
law. Stories from 120 years of institutional heritage protection, National Board for the Protection of
Historic Monuments, Budapest. (ISBN: 963-7143-93-9)
TLILI Ridha, (1998), Le tourisme culturel: réflexion et approche, in : Le tourisme culturel. Actes du
Forum International organisé à Hammamet, les 23-25 octobre 1997, (Actes de conférence), Ministère
de la Culture, Tunis, p. 153-157. (ISBN: 9973-917-31-6)
TOMAN Jiri, (2007), La protection des biens culturels: un devoir de tous / The protection of cultural
property: a task that concerns us all, KGS Forum = Forum PBC, n° 11, p. 43-57.
Abstract: The protection of cultural goods and values is not only a universal human endeavor;
it is also ruled by national and international legal norms. Since wars have always posed the
greatest hazard for cultural property, the first protection of cultural property (PCP) regulations
were set down in military law, as illustrated by the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and
the Roerich Pact of 1935. The Geneva Convention of 1949 (concerning human rights) and the
Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of
1954 were manifest reactions to the destruction brought about by World War II. However, the
Hague Convention and the First Protocol of 1954 did not have the desired effect--first of all,
because the ratification of the relevant documents was long in coming. In 1999, in part owing
to the influence of war-related events in the former Yugoslavia, and after several experts'
conferences, there was a meeting in the Hague, which concluded the Second Protocol to the
Hague Convention of 1954. It in no way reduced the significance of the Convention itself, but
established the goal of doing away with certain gaps and problems. Important innovations
arising from the Second Protocol are the introduction of "enhanced" protection or penal
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sanctions against persons who destroy cultural property during a war. PCP operates at two
different levels. On the one hand, it follows the regulations set up by UNESCO for the cultural
realm. On the other hand, it is part of international humanitarian law, fostered (among other
parties) by the International Committee of the Red Cross. Other PCP conventions besides the
Hague Convention of 1954 should be mentioned in the UNESCO context: the UNESCO
Convention of 14 November 1970 on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import,
Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property and the World Heritage Convention of
1972, which aims to register natural and cultural heritage of outstanding interest and value for
all humanity in its list. On the side of international humanitarian law, the additional Protocols I
and II of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 promote PCP. Further progress was made
with the establishment of international criminal courts in the 1990s and with the Rome Statute
of 17 July 1998 for the establishment of an international penal court to deal with criminal
proceedings against acts of violence targeting cultural property. History, policy, ethics, and
legislation, armed conflicts, international agreements, international law, law enforcing.
V
VADI Valentina Sara, (2008), Cultural heritage and international investment law: a stormy relationship,
International journal of cultural property 15, n° 1, p. 1-24.
Abstract: Investigates the relationship between international investment law and the protection
of cultural heritage. Two questions arise in this connection. First, are investment agreements
compatible with states' obligations to protect cultural heritage? Second, if internal measures
aimed at protecting cultural heritage can be challenged by foreign investors, is mixed
arbitration a suitable forum to protect public interests? Indeed, it seems that the regime
established according to investment treaties does not strike an appropriate balance between
the different interests concerned. After a brief look at the legal framework protecting foreign
investments, the conflict areas between investment treaty provisions and national cultural
policies are explored through an empirical analysis of the recent arbitral jurisprudence
concerning cultural heritage. The author holds that jurisprudential balancing may not provide
an adequate protection to cultural heritage; thus, cultural exceptions should be included in
investment agreements. History, policy, ethics, and legislation.
VAROLI PIAZZA Rosalia (ed.), (2007), Sharing decisions: lessons learnt from an ICCROM course,
ICCROM.
http://www.iccrom.org/pdf/ICCROM_15_SharingConservDecisions_en.pdf
Abstract: This publication contains reflections by professionals involved in all aspects of the
2006 course. Contributions are grouped into seven chapters: 'Behind the scenes', 'Sharing
and communicating techniques', 'History and values', 'The object and its context', 'The object
as a source of information', 'Learn from the emergency', and 'Tools for the future'. The
accompanying CD-Rom contains course information, a bibliography, glossaries, and a pdf
version of the book in both English and Italian.
W
WEBB Amy, BRACKETT Carolyn, (2008), Cultural heritage tourism trends affecting historic sites,
Forum journal 22, n° 3, p. 29-35.
Abstract: A historic site no longer refers only to a site serving as a museum, but has changed
to suit the needs of today's visitors and includes sites such as renovated historic bed and
breakfasts with dual purpose. Sites like these have had increased tourism from the baby
boomer generation, while museum sites have seen fewer visitors. A number of reasons for this
are cited, one being that historic sites without museums have increased in number and work
with the travel industry, while museum sites do not. Museums also have less convenient public
hours than their counterparts. It is suggested that museums create interesting tours, create
Web sites, offer specialized programs, work with inexpensive travel agencies, and encourage
the local population to volunteer. In this way, museums can "become visible in the community"
page 21/71
and see greater benefits. History, policy, ethics, and legislation, History, ethics, and policy of
architectural preservation.
WELLHEISER Johanna G., GWINN Nancy E. (eds), (2005), Preparing for the worst, planning for the
best - protecting our cultural heritage from disaster, proceedings of a conference sponsored by the
IFLA Preservation and Conservation Section, the IFLA Core Activity for Preservation and Conservation
and the Council on Library and Information Resources, Inc., with the Akademie der Wissenschaften
and the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin. Berlin, Germany, July 30 - August 1, 2003, International Federation
of Library Associations and Institutions, IFLA publications, K.G. Saur, München, n° 111, August 2005.
Abstract: The publication consists of sixteen papers divided into six sections that cover:
national policy planning, efforts by the International Committee of the Blue Shield (ICBS),
institutional planning, case studies of disaster preparedness and recovery, example cases of
risk assessments, and methods for conserving and restoring damaged collections. Cases
cover a wide geographical area in addition to a broad range of themes, such as psychological
repercussions of the destruction of cultural property, lessons learned from natural disasters,
and mitigation measures organisations can take to minimise risk and damage. Chapters are
applicable to any collecting institution.
World Bank, (2001), Cultural Heritage and Development A framework for action in the Middle East
and North Africa, (Orientations in Development), The World Bank, Middle East and North Africa
Region, Washington. (ISBN: 0-8213-4938-4)
Y
YERASIMOS Stéphane, (2005), Centres historiques et développement durable: la deuxième mort du
patrimoine?, in : Boumaza Nadir (dir), (2005), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en
fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose.
Pour plus d’informations / For more information:
ICCROM bibliothèque / Library
http://library.iccrom.org/libris/index.html
Réseau d’information sur la conservation
Conservation Information Network (BCIN)
http://www.bcin.ca/
Patrimoine Canadien: bibliographie des lois sur le patrimoine
Canadian Heritage: Heritage Law bibliography
http://daryl.chin.gc.ca:8000/BASIS/herb/user/www/sf
HEREIN - Réseau européen du patrimoine – politiques national du patrimoine
- European Heritage Network : National Heritage Policies
http://www.european-heritage.coe.int/sdx/herein/
COMPENDIUM - Cultural Policies and Trends in Europe
http://www.culturalpolicies.net/web/france.php?aid=1
INTERPOL – base de donnés des œuvres d’art volées / Database about stolen works of art
http://www.interpol.int/Public/WorkofArt/Default.asp
page 22/71
COMMISSION EUROPÈENNE / EUROPEAN COMMISSION
COMMISSION des COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES, (2000), Rapport de la Commission au
Conseil, au Parlement européen et au Comité économique et social sur l’application du règlement
(CEE) n° 3911/92 du Conseil concernant l’exportation de biens culturels et de la directive 93/7/CEE du
Conseil relative à la restitution de biens culturels ayant quitté illicitement le territoire d’un état membre,
Bruxelles.
Commission Européenne, (2001), Le processus de Barcelone, Le partenariat Europe-Méditerranée,
Synthèse 2001, Office des publications officielles de Communautés européennes, Luxembourg.
European Commission, (2002), The Barcelona process: the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, Office for
the official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
European Commission, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ITAM), Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, (2007), Safeguarded cultural heritage: understanding & viability for the
th
st
rd
enlarged Europe, proceedings of the 7 European conference SAUVEUR, 31 May-3 June, Prague,
Czech Republic, vol. 1: papers, vol. 2: posters, European Commission, Brussels.
LUXEN Jean-Louis, (1992), Encouragement de la CEE à la protection des villes historiques. Annexe 1
Contrat B4-3045 (91)36NB, Commission des Communautés européennes, Direction générale XI,
Associazione Fra le Casse di Risparmio Italiane, Brussels.
Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), European
Commission - DG XI – 3, (1999), Improving the environment in the Mediterranean: lessons for
sustainable development European Commission - DG XI - 3 B7 - 8/10/97/804/UNB/A4, UNEP-MAP,
Athens. (ISBN: 92-807-1914-9)
O'CONNOR Raymond,(2000), Sharing information to protect cultural treasures : final report, European
Commission, Brussels.
Partenariat Euro Méditerranéen, (1995), Déclaration de Barcelone, adoptée lors de la Conférence
Euro Méditerranéenne, 27-28 novembre 1995.
http://www.dellbn.ec.europa.eu/fr/eu_and_med/barcelona.htm
Union européenne, (2004), Traité établissant une Constitution pour l'Europe, Journal officiel de l'Union
européenne, C 310, 47e année, 16 décembre 2004. (ISSN 1725-2431)
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/JOHtml.do?uri=OJ%3AC%3A2004%3A310%3ASOM%3AFR%3AHTML
EuroMed Heritage
EuroMed, (2000), Programme Euromed Heritage : le patrimoine culturel au cœur du partenariat euro
méditerranéen, Dossier Spécial Euromed n°17, 29 septembre 2000.
EuroMed Heritage, (2007), Strategy for the development of Euro-Mediterranean Cultural Heritage:
Priorities from Mediterranean countries (2007–2013) / Stratégie pour le développement du patrimoine
culturel euro méditerranéen: les priorités des pays méditerranéens (2007-2013), EuroMed
Programme, European Commission, Office de coopération EuropeAid, Luxembourg, 2007. ISBN: 97892-79-06051-9. (Disponible en pdf)
http://www.euromedheritage.net/
http://www.euromedheritage.net/fr/index.php
EuroMed Heritage, Regional Management Support Unit (RMSU), (2001), Cultural heritage within the
Barcelona process, assessment and orientations: workshop results and recommendations, European
Commission, Euromed Heritage, Roma.
page 23/71
EuroMed Heritage, Regional Management Support Unit (RMSU), Istituto centrale per il catalogo e la
documentazione (ICCD), (2004), Euromed Heritage II: Euro-Mediterranean partnership: projects and
partners = Euromed Heritage II: partenariat euro-méditerranéen: projets et partenaires, European
communitie, s.l.
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, (2002), Euromed heritage: creating a future that cares for the past,
Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
Corpus
CORPUS Levant, (ouvrage collectif), (2004), Manuel pour l’entretien et la réhabilitation de
l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise, CORPUS Levant, Commission Européenne MEDA - EUROMED
HERITAGE, Ministère de la Culture / Direction Générale des Antiquités - Liban, Ecole d’Avignon,
Collegi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona. (ISBN : 84-87104-61-4)
www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/atl_frn.htm
Résumé : Ce livret présente l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise : toute une variété de
typologies architecturales et de techniques de construction, qui se repartissent sur un territoire
complexe. L’architecture traditionnelle est ici doublement envisagée comme patrimoine
transmissible et comme parc immobilier. Son entretien et sa réhabilitation, sont essentiels,
comme l’atteste une législation extensive. Le diagnostic, préalable à toute une intervention de
réhabilitation, est aussi présenté pour guider les experts.
CORPUS Levant, (ouvrage collectif), (2004), Handbook for the maintenance and rehabilitation of
traditional Syrian architecture, CORPUS Levant, European Commission MEDA - EUROMED
HERITAGE, General Direction of Antiquities and Museums of Syria, Direction Générale des Antiquités
du Liban, Ecole d’Avignon, Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona, Avignon 2004.
http://www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/ats_eng.htm
Abstract: This booklet presents traditional Syrian architecture: a broad range of architectural
typologies and construction techniques spread upon a wide and complex territory. Traditional
architecture is here envisioned as a transmittable heritage as well as a real estate stock. Its
maintenance and its rehabilitation are essential, as proven by an extensive legislation. The
diagnosis, prior to any rehabilitation intervention, is presented as well, as a guide for the
experts.
Cours Maghreb
ICCROM, (2002), Cours du Patrimoine du Maghreb : rapport final, Conservation et restauration de
l’héritage culturel au Maghreb, cours de formation universitaire supérieure à Alger, Rabat et Tunis,
EuroMed Heritage I, Mars 2002.
Delta
SP3 “Plan d’Action”, Document méthodologique: guide au processus d’élaboration, Project Delta –
sous projet SP3 : Plan d’action des Systèmes Culturels Territoriaux.
http://www.imednet.it/delta/PASSWORD/FR_DOCUM_SP3.html
Meda
A.L.E.P.H. : abstracts of legal, economic, political and historical issues concerning the relation
between Europe and the Arab World, The UT Phoenix Foundation, 2004
Rehabimed
CASANOVAS Xavier, NOURISSIER Gilles, (2007), 1re Conférence régionale Euro méditerranéenne,
Architecture Traditionnelle Méditerranéenne Présent et Futur, Barcelone, 12-15 juillet 2007 (Actes du
congrès) / 1st Euro-Mediterranean Regional Conference, Traditional Mediterranean Architecture
Present and Futur, Barcelona 12-15 July 2007 (Proceedings), RehabiMed, Barcelone. (ISBN : 8487104-79-7)
http://www.rehabimed.net/en_uk/Rehabimed/Publicaciones/Paginas/acta_congres.aspx
CASANOVAS Xavier, (2007) (collectif, sous la direction de), Méthode Rehabimed. Architecture
Traditionnelle Méditerranéenne, T 1 Réhabilitation Ville et territoire, T 2 Réhabilitation bâtiments.
page 24/71
Rehabimed Method. Traditional Mediterranean Architecture:T 1 Rehabilitation Town and Territory, T 2
Rehabilitation building, Rehabimed, Union Européenne, Euromed Heritage, Agencia española de
Cooperacion Internacional, Collége d’aparelladores i arquitectes tècnics de Barcelona, Barcelona, vol.I
et vol.II. (ISBN : 84-87104-74-6; 84-87104-73-8)
http://www.rehabimed.net/fr_fr/Paginas/llibres.aspx
Temper
TEMPER, Management Course Handbook.
Abstract: Introduces the concept of management of Cultural Heritage and inform on the
preparation of a management plan.
Unimed
NOTARSTEFANO Cosimo, (2001), Les droits du touriste européen: analyse juridique comparée dans
les états membres de l’U.E., (Profil di innovazione, n°6), Cacucci editori, Bari
EPOCH – European Network of Excellence in Open Cultural Heritage
HERMON Sorin, (2007), COINS – an EU Funded Project to Combat On-line Illegal Numismatic Sales,
in: ARNOLD David, CHALMERS Alan, NICCOLUCCI Franco, VAST2007-Future Technologies to
empower International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
2007, 26th – 29th November 2007, Brighton, United Kingdom, EPOCH, Archaeolingua, Budapest, p.
106-109. (ISBN: 978-963-8046-89-5)
http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/VAST2007/vast2007-pages.pdf
HERMON Sorin, SUGIMOTO Go, MARA Hubert, (2007), The London Charter and its Applicability, in:
ARNOLD David, CHALMERS Alan, NICCOLUCCI Franco, VAST2007-Future Technologies to
empower International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
MCLOUGHLIN J., KAMINSKI J., SODAGAR B. (eds), (2007), Technology strategy, management and
socio-economic impact, (Heritage Management Series), EPOCH/CUBIST Publication, Archaeolingua,
Budapest, vol.2. (ISBN : 978-963-8046-87-1)
http://pubhttp://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/VAST2007/vast2007-pages.pdf
lic-repository.epoch net.org/publications/HERITAGE_MANAGEMENT/heritage_management.pdf
MCLOUGHLIN J., KAMINSKI J., SODAGAR B. (eds), (2007), Perspectives on impact technology and
strategic management, (Heritage Management Series), EPOCH/CUBIST Publication, Archaeolingua,
Budapest, vol.1. (ISBN : 978-963-8046-83-3)
http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/PERSPECTIVES/pages1.pdf
http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/PERSPECTIVES/pages2.pdf
NICCOLUCCI Franco, BEACHAM Richard, DENARD Hugh, (2006), An Introduction to The London
Charter, The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage VAST
http://www.epoch-net.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=211&Itemid=329
NICCOLUCCI Franco, GESER Guntram, VARRICCHIO Teresa (eds), (2006), Digital Applications for
Tangible Cultural Heritage, Report on the State of the Union Policies, Practices and Developments in
Europe, EPOCH Survey 2004/2005, Archaeolingua, Budapest. ISBN: 963-8046-68-6
http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/SOTU/sotu_index.pdf
http://public-repository.epoch-net.org/publications/SOTU/sotu_index.pdf
NICCOLUCCI Franco (ed.), (2007), Digital Applications for Tangible Cultural Heritage. Report on the
State of the Union Policies, Practices and Developments in Europe, EPOCH Survey, Archaeolingua,
Budapest 2007, vol.2. ISBN: 963-8046-68-6
page 25/71
Recherche Communautaire, Energie, Environnement et Développement durable
/ Community Research, Energy Environment and Sustainable Development
APPEAR
APPEAR, (2006), The APPEAR Method, A practical guide for the management of enhancement
projects on urban archaeological sites, European Commission, Community Research, Energy
Environment and Sustainable Development, In Situ, European Commission Research Report n° 30/4,
February 2006.
http://www.in-situ.be/guide_en.pdf
Abstract: The APPEAR guide will help all those involved in projects for enhancing urban
archaeological sites. It is based on the principles of strategic management adapted by a
number of researchers from different disciplines and integrates all the factors and issues likely
to occur during what can often be a complex process. It offers a structured mechanism for
users to establish the goals to be reached within their areas of expertise and to conceive and
execute appropriate actions to reach these with realism, flexibility and creativity.
APPEAR, (2006), Méthode APPEAR, Guide pratique pour la mise en valeur des sites archéologiques
en milieu urbain, Commission Européenne, Recherche Communautaire, Energie, Environnement et
Développement durable, In Situ, Commission Européenne rapport de recherche 30/4, février 2006.
http://www.in-situ.be/guide_en.pdf
HUPET Pierre, ZWETKOFF Catherine, (2005), Deliverable D14 - Final report on evaluation of national
legislation/ Déliverable D14 – Rapport final sur les législations nationales, APPEAR Project, European
Commission, Community Research, Energy Environment and Sustainable Development, University of
Liege, Centre for Urban Governance Studies, December 2005.
http://www.in-situ.be/D8_fr.pdf
Abstract: This report aims to give global view of the different major legal, political and
institutional approaches within the European Union concerning archaeological site
enhancement in urban settings. This text does not claim to be exhaustive but rather acts as a
starting point for thinking about recommendations on the decision-making process. It also
allows comparison of the supra national set of rules with the policies chosen by eight of EU
Member States regarding on major themes such as division of responsibilities of public
sphere, agenda of priorities, public and private financing, synergy and accessibility.
EPOCH : http://www.epoch-net.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=196&Itemid=302
EuroMed Heritage: http://www.euromedheritage.net
CORPUS: http://www.meda-corpus.net/frn/index.asp
DELTA: http://www.imednet.it/delta/index.html
APPEAR: http://www.in-situ.be/
MANUMED: http://www.euromedheritage.net/intern.cfm?menuID=12&submenuID=14
REHABIMED: http://www.euromedheritage.net/intern.cfm?menuID=12&submenuID=14
UNIMED: http://www.uni-med.net/
page 26/71
CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE / COUNCIL OF EUROPE
BENETT T., (2002), Differing diversities: Cultural policy and cultural diversity, Council of Europe
Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4649-6)
Abstract: Cultural diversity, in all its forms, is posing a profound challenge to traditional
formulations of cultural policy, and to our understanding of the public interests served by this
policy. In most countries the artistic and cultural landscape has not evolved to reflect the
realities of a changed social landscape. This rift threatens to undermine the legitimacy of
cultural institutions and the public policy that supports them. The shift from homogeneity to
diversity as the new social norm requires a rethinking of the processes, mechanisms, and
relationships necessary for democratic policy development in diverse societies.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (1998), Mediterranean strategies, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg.
(ISBN : 978-92-871-2667-2)
Abstract: Mediterranean strategies attempts to paint a general picture of the natural and
human resources of the Mediterranean countries.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (1999), Networking culture - The role of European cultural networks, Council
of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-3925-2)
Abstract : This book provides a coherent and global approach to the particularly rich subject of
cultural networks. The Council of Europe has decided to make this data available to a wide
public, thereby filling a gap generally perceived by those involved in the cultural field.
CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (1999), La mise en réseau des cultures - Le rôle des réseaux culturels
européens, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-3924-5)
Résumé : Par le sérieux de la recherche effectuée et par la rigueur de l'analyse, ce livre
permet d'aborder pour la première fois d'une manière globale et cohérente la problématique
particulièrement riche des réseaux culturels. Le Conseil de l'Europe a souhaité rendre ces
données accessibles à un large public, venant ainsi combler une lacune généralement
ressentie par les acteurs du secteur culturel.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (1999), The governance of culture: approaches to integrated cultural
planning and policies (policy notes No. 5), Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92871-4067-8)
CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (1999), Vers une gestion culturelle intégrée: pratiques et politiques (Notes
politiques n° 5), Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4066-1)
CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (2000), Orientation pour le développement de législations et de systèmes
de gestion du patrimoine culturel, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 878-92-8714291-7 ; 92-871-4291-2)
Résumé : Quelles lois les Etats doivent-ils édicter pour protéger et promouvoir leur patrimoine
culturel et quels dispositifs administratifs peuvent-ils mettre en place pour gérer au mieux leurs
politiques du patrimoine culturel ? Ce document d'orientation vise à donner des indications
autorisées de bonnes pratiques inspirées de méthodes employées dans divers pays
européens ainsi que des conventions, chartes et recommandations internationales en vigueur
dans le domaine du patrimoine culturel.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2000), Guidance on the Development of Legislation and Administration
Systems in the Field of Cultural Heritage, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92871-4292-4)
Abstract: What laws should states enact to protect and promote their cultural heritage, and
what administrative systems can they put in place to manage their cultural heritage policies
most effectively ? This guidance document aims to provide authoritative information on good
practice, drawn from the approaches utilised in different European countries as well as
international conventions, charters and recommendations in the area of cultural heritage.
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CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE, (2000), Directives sur la protection du patrimoine mobilier, Conseil de
l’Europe, Strasbourg.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2001), The Council of Europe and cultural heritage 1954-2000, Council of
Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4525-3)
Abstract: This compendium contains in one volume all the reference texts and standard-setting
instruments relating to cultural heritage elaborated by the Council of Europe. It starts with the
European Cultural Convention of 1954 and presents conventions, resolutions and
recommendations of the Committee of Ministers, relevant texts from European ministerial
conferences, charters, codes of good practice and guidelines. The scope of the texts covers all
aspects of European cultural heritage including the archaeological heritage, the architectural
heritage, cultural property, landscape, urban space and the movable heritage. The issues
addressed by the texts include preservation, renovation, training, education, combating
physical deterioration, town and country planning, economic impact and sustainable
development. This compendium is an invaluable source for policy makers at local, regional,
national and international level, for professionals working in the cultural heritage sector and for
all those interested in the history and current practices of cultural heritage. Its wide-ranging
bibliography offers an opportunity for the interested reader to explore the issues further.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2002), Cultural policy and cultural diversity: mapping the policy domain
(Cultural policy Note 7), Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4794-3)
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2003), European cultural heritage – Volume I, Intergovernmental cooperation: collected texts, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4864-3)
Abstract: This compendium contains a the Council of Europe reference texts developed in this
field of cultural heritage, covering a range of subjects including: identification and inventory,
scientific research, legal protection, physical conservation, dissemination, awareness-raising
and teaching, heritage management, organisation and training. The index and bibliography
help readers to find topics quickly and to explore the issues further. This publication will be
useful both to people working in the field of cultural heritage, students and academics, lawyers
and those interested in discovering more about the role of heritage in everyday life.
CONSEIL DE L’EUROPE, (2004), Patrimoine culturel européen – Volume I, Coopération
intergouvernementale: recueil de textes, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92871-4863-6)
Résumé : Cet recueil rassemble les textes de référence du Conseil de l'Europe en matière de
patrimoine culturel, couvrant des sujets aussi vastes que l'identification et l'inventaire, l'étude
scientifique, la protection juridique, la conservation physique, la diffusion, la sensibilisation et
la pédagogie, la gestion, l'organisation et la formation. L'index et la bibliographie orientent le
lecteur pour approfondir ces différentes questions. Cette publication s'adresse tant aux
professionnels du patrimoine qu'aux étudiants et universitaires, aux juristes et à toute
personne désireuse de découvrir le rôle que joue le patrimoine au quotidien.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE / CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (2006), First meeting of the workshops for the
implementation of the European landscape convention, (proceedings), Strasbourg, 23-24 May 2002 /
Première réunion des ateliers de la mise en oeuvre de la Convention européenne du paysage, (actes),
Strasbourg, 23-24 mai 2002, European spatial planning and landscape / Aménagement du territoire
européen et paysage, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, n°74, March 2006.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE, (2006), The challenge of transcultural diversities - Cultural policy and cultural
diversity, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-5968-7)
http://book.coe.int/EN/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=EN&produit_aliasid=2069
Abstract: The economic dynamics of globalisation have intensified not only the transnational
flows of cultural goods, media products and information, but also human transnational
migration. New forms of mobility have created new kinds of cultural juxtapositions, encounters
and exchanges which have resulted in greater and more complex patterns of diversity within
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the European cultural space. Because these new forms of diversity and complexity are
transnational and transcultural in their nature - functioning across national frontiers - they
present a challenge for national policy frameworks. The established national mechanisms
through which European states have hitherto managed cultural policy diversity and citizenship
must now be supported by international or transnational strategies. The Council of Europe,
which has for so long championed cultural co-operation as a mechanism for sustaining
democracy and equity in cultural exchanges, has a new role to play in the transnational policy
landscape. The challenge, at the beginning of the 21st century, must be to develop a
democratic transnational and transcultural approach to cultural diversity policy in Europe. The
Council of Europe has both the mandate and the experience to broker this.
CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE, (2007), Conférence internationale sur les ‘Conventions internationales et
autres textes majeurs relatifs au patrimoine : bilan et perspective’, Vilnius les 11-13 octobre 2007,
organisée conjointement par la sous-commission du Patrimoine culturel de l’Assemblée parlementaire
et la Direction de la culture et du patrimoine culturel et naturel du Conseil de l’Europe, en coopération
avec le Parlement et le Gouvernement de Lituanie.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/2007_vilnius_fr.asp
Résumé : Elle s’adressait aux élus et aux responsables politiques, aux dirigeants et experts
des administrations concernées des pays membres, aux médias, aux organisations
internationales gouvernementales, oeuvrant dans les domaines du patrimoine culturel et du
paysage ,aux organisations non gouvernementales ainsi qu’aux chercheurs.
Ses objectifs étaient les suivants :
dresser un état des lieux actualisé des principaux instruments internationaux s’appliquant au
patrimoine (conventions, recommandations, chartes, etc... ) ;
mettre en lumière l’apport spécifique des conventions du Conseil de l’Europe relatives au
patrimoine culturel ;
développer, dans les divers pays, la connaissance des instruments du Conseil de l’Europe et
favoriser en particulier la signature et la ratification de la Convention cadre sur la valeur du
patrimoine pour la société ;
contribuer à renforcer la complémentarité et la mise en synergie de l’application des divers
textes de référence internationaux ;
mettre en évidence, à l’occasion de cette rencontre, la complémentarité des richesses
patrimoniales des Etats baltes en tant que facteur de développement.
ELLMEIER Andrea, RÁSKY Béla, (2006), Differing diversities - Eastern European perspectives,
Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-6024-9)
http://book.coe.int/EN/ficheouvrage.php?PAGEID=36&lang=EN&produit_aliasid=2117
Abstract: Cultural diversity, in all its forms, is posing a profound challenge to traditional
formulations of cultural policy and to our understanding of the public interests served by this
policy. In most countries the artistic and cultural landscape has not evolved to reflect the
realities of a changed social landscape. This rift threatens to undermine the legitimacy of
cultural institutions and the public policy that supports them. The shift from homogeneity to
diversity as the new social norm requires a rethinking of the processes, mechanisms and
relationships necessary for democratic policy development in diverse societies.
KECSKEMÉTI Charles, SZÉKELY Iván, (2007), Access to archives - A handbook of guidelines for
implementation of Recommendation No R(2000)13 on a European policy on access to archives,
Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-5782-9)
Abstract: In the early 1990s, when Europe ceased to be divided in opposing political blocs, the
Council of Europe concluded that access to archives was one of the key issues to be
addressed in. order to fortify democracy throughout the continent. Intensive, in-depth
preparation led to the drafting of Recommendation No. R (2000) 13 on a European Policy on
Access to Archives, the first intergovernmental standard in this field. The recommendation is
motivated by the ethical conviction that knowledge of the past constitutes a human right and
that in a democracy citizens are entitled to access to an unbiased presentation of their history
based on authentic sources preserved in archives. This handbook explains the principles that
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should govern access policy and practice in the 21st century, summarises the main findings of
a pan-European survey on the situation regarding access to archives and formulates a set of
guidelines for the implementation of the recommendation intended for civil servants and
decision makers, archival authorities and archivists, the scholarly community and civil
organizations.
KECSKEMETI Charles, SZEKELY Iván, (2007), L'accès aux archives - Manuel pour la mise en oeuvre
de la Recommandation n° R(2000)13 sur une politique européenne en matière de communication des
archives, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-5823-9)
Résumé : A la fin des années 1990, après la chute du mur de Berlin, le Conseil de l'Europe a
estimé que I'accès aux archives était I'un des thèmes majeurs à prendre en compte pour
consolider la démocratie à I'échelle du continent. Un travail préparatoire très dense a conduit
à développer la Recommandation R(2000)13 sur une politique européenne en matière de
communication des archives, premier standard intergouvernemental dans ce domaine. La
recommandation repose sur la conviction éthique selon laquelle la connaissance du passe est
un droit de I'homme et qu'en démocratie les citoyens ont droit d'accéder à la présentation
impartiale de leur histoire, sur la base de sources authentiques conservées aux archives. Ce
manuel explique les principes qui régentent la politique et la pratique d'accès aux archives au
XXIe siècle. II résume les conclusions majeures d'une étude sur la situation, menée à I'échelle
européenne. II formule un ensemble de conseils à I'intention des fonctionnaires et décideurs,
des autorités archivistiques et des archivistes, du corps enseignant et des organisations
civiles, afin de mettre en oeuvre la recommandation.
PICKARD Robert, (2003), European Cultural Heritage – Volume II, A review of policies and practice,
Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg. (ISBN: 978-92-871-4867-4)
Abstract: How can Europe's cultural heritage be promoted as a means of encouraging
intercultural dialogue and enhancing people's quality of lives? In this volume Robert Pickard
explores this question and analyses how the Council of Europe can develop synergies
between sectoral policies related to architectural, archaeological, movable, intangible and
natural heritage, drawing on its main related instruments (cf. companion volume 1). This book
also presents the relationship that exists with other international organisations working in the
field. It will be useful for all of those working in the field of cultural heritage, students and
academics, lawyers and all those interested in discovering more about the role of heritage in
everyday life.
PICKARD Robert, (2003), Patrimoine culturel européen – Volume II, Examen des politiques et de la
pratique, Les Editions Conseil de l’Europe, Strasbourg. (ISBN : 978-92-871-4865-0)
Résumé : Comment promouvoir le patrimoine culturel de l'Europe en tant qu'instrument de
dialogue interculturel et d'amélioration du cadre de vie ? C'est à cette problématique que
s'attache l'auteur, Robert Pickard qui analyse comment le Conseil de l'Europe met en synergie
un ensemble de politiques sectorielles visant les patrimoines architectural, archéologique,
mobilier, immatériel et naturel. Cette question est examinée sur la base des principaux
instruments élaborés par le Conseil de l'Europe en la matière (cf. volume 1). L'ouvrage évoque
aussi les liens existant avec d'autres organisations internationales qui oeuvrent dans ce
domaine. Ce titre s'adresse tant aux professionnels du patrimoine qu'aux étudiants et
universitaires, aux juristes et à toute personne désireuse de découvrir le rôle que joue le
patrimoine au quotidien.
PRIEUR Michel (2006), La Convention européenne du paysage et les législations nationales,
European spatial planning and landscape, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, n° 75, p. 43-52.
ROTH Catherine (ed.), (2004), Guidance on urban rehabilitation: document prepared within the
framework of the Technical Co-operation and Consultancy Programme / Orientations sur la
réhabilitation urbaine: document préparé dans le cadre du Programme de Coopération et d'Assistance
Techniques, Council of Europe Publishing, Strasbourg, October 2004.
page 30/71
Chartes / Charters
Charte européenne du patrimoine architectural, Comité des Ministres le 15 septembre 1975.
European Charter of the Architectural Heritage, Committee of Ministers on 15 September 1975.
https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1168341
Charte sur l’utilisation des lieux antiques de spectacle, Colloque international de Vérone, août 1979.
Charter on the use of ancient places of performance, International colloquy held in Verona, August
1979.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Source/Resources/Texts/Verone_FR.pdf
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Source/Resources/Texts/Verone_EN.pdf
Conventions / Conventions
Convention : synonyme de traité, ce terme fait référence à un accord conclu entre
plusieurs Etats. Un tel accord implique la volonté commune des parties, auxquelles la
convention impose des engagements juridiques contraignants.
Convention: synonymous with treaty, this term refers to any agreement concluded
between several States. Such an accord implies the joint will of the parties upon
whom the convention imposes binding legal commitments.
La Convention culturelle européenne, (Série des traités européens, n°18), Paris 1954.
European Cultural Convention, (European Treaty Series, n°18), Paris 1954.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/ecc_FR.asp
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Resources/Texts/ECC_en.asp#TopOfPage
Convention relative à la conservation de la vie sauvage et du milieu naturel de l’Europe, Bern 1979.
Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Bern 1979.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/bern/default_FR.asp
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Bern/Presentation_en.asp#TopOfPage
Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine architectural de l’Europe, Grenade 1985.
Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe, Granada 1985.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/granada_fr.asp#TopOfPage
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/granada_en.asp#TopOfPage
Convention européenne pour la protection du patrimoine archéologique (révisée), La Valette 1992.
Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage of Europe (revised), Valletta 1992.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/valletta_fr.asp#TopOfPage
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/valletta_en.asp#TopOfPage
Convention européenne du paysage, Florence 2000.
European Landscape Convention, Florence 2000.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/landscape/florence_fr.asp#TopOfPage
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/landscape/florence_EN.asp
Convention européenne relative à la protection du patrimoine audiovisuel, Strasbourg 2001.
European Convention for the Protection of the Audiovisual Heritage, Strasbourg 2001.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/audio_fr.asp#TopOfPage
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/audio_en.asp#TopOfPage
Convention-cadre sur la valeur du patrimoine culturel pour la société, Faro, 27 octobre 2005.
page 31/71
Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society, Faro 2005.
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/faro_fr.asp#TopOfPage
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/faro_en.asp#TopOfPage
Recommandation / Recommendation
(List non exhaustive / non exhaustive list)
Recommandation : destinée à encouragée les Etats-Parties à adopter une approche
particulière ou à agir selon des méthodes données dans des domaines culturels
spécifiques.
Recommendation: is intended to encourage the States-Parties to adopt a particular
approach or to act in a given manner in specific cultural sphere.
Recommandation N° R (81) 13 concernant les actions à entreprendre en faveur de certains métiers
menacés de disparition dans le cadre de l'activité artisanale, Comité des Ministres - 22 juin 1981.
Recommendation No R (81) 13 on action in aid of certain declining craft trades in the context of craft
activity, Committee of Ministers - 22 June 1981.
Recommandation 1015 (1985) relative à la protection de l'environnement méditerranéen, Assemblée
parlementaire le 25 septembre 1985.
Recommendation 1015 (1985) on the protection of the Mediterranean environment, Parliamentary
Assembly on 25 September 1985.
http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta85/FREC1015.htm
http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta85/EREC1015.htm
Recommandation N° R (86) 15relative à la promotion des métiers artisanaux intervenant dans la
conservation du patrimoine architectural, Comité des Ministres - 16 octobre 1986.
Recommendation No R (86) 15 on the promotion of craft trades involved in the conservation of the
architectural heritage, Committee of Ministers - 16 October 1986.
Recommandation N° R (89) 6 relative à la protection et à la mise en valeur du patrimoine architectural
rural, Comité des Ministres - 3 avril 1989.
Recommendation No (89) 6 on the protection and enhancement of the rural architectural heritage,
Committee of Ministers - 3 April 1989.
Recommandation N° R (89) 5 relative à la protection et mise en valeur du patrimoine archéologique
dans le contexte des opérations d'aménagement urbain et rural, Comité des Ministres - 3 avril 1989.
Recommendation No R (89) 5 concerning the protection and enhancement of the archaeological
heritage in the context of town and country planning operations, Committee of Ministers - 3 April 1989.
Recommandation N° R (91) 16 relative aux mesures susceptibles de favoriser le financement de la
conservation du patrimoine architectural, Comité des Ministres - 9 avril 1991.
Recommendation No R (91) 6 on the measures likely to promote the funding of the conservation of the
architectural heritage, Committee of Ministers - 9 April 1991.
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Recommandation N° R (93) 9 sur la protection du patrimoine architectural contre les catastrophes
naturelles, Comité des Ministres - 23 novembre 1993.
Recommendation No R (93) 9 on the protection of the architectural heritage against natural disasters,
Committee of Ministers - 23 November 1993.
Recommandation N° R (95) 9 relative à la conservation des sites culturels intégrée aux politiques du
paysage, Comité des Ministres - 7 septembre 1995.
Recommendation No R (95) 9 on the integrated conservation of cultural landscape areas as part of
landscape policies, Committee of Ministers - 7 September 1995.
Recommandation N° R (96) 6 relative à la protection du patrimoine culturel contre les actes illicites,
Comité des Ministres - 19 juin 1996
Recommendation No R (96) 6 on the protection of the cultural heritage against unlawful acts,
Committee of Ministers - 19 June 1996.
Recommandation N° R (98) 4 relative aux mesures susceptibles de favoriser la conservation intégrée
des ensembles historiques composées de biens immeubles et de biens meubles, Comité des
Ministres - 17 mars 1998.
Recommendation No R (98) 4 on measures to promote the integrated conservation of historic
complexes composed of immoveable and moveable property, Committee of Ministers - 17 March 98.
Recommandation 1372 (1998) sur la Convention d’Unidroit sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement
exportés, Assemblée parlementaire - 26 mai 1998.
Recommendation 1372 (1998) on the Unidroit Convention on stolen or illegally exported cultural
property, Parliamentary Assembly - 26 May 1998.
Recommandation 1393 (1998) relative à la gestion et à la protection du paysage : une convention
européenne, Assemblée parlementaire - 4 novembre 1998.
Recommendation 1393 (1998) on the management and the protection of the landscape : a European
convention, Parliamentary Assembly - 4 November 1998.
Recommandation N° R (97) 9 relative à une politique de développement d'un tourisme durable et
respectueux de l'environnement dans les zones côtières, Comité des Ministres - 2 juin 1997.
Recommendation No R (97) 9 on a policy for the development of sustainable environment-friendly
tourism in coastal areas, Committee of Ministers - 2 June 1997.
Recommandation 1486 (2000) sur le patrimoine culturel maritime et fluvial, Assemblée parlementaire 9 novembre 2000.
page 33/71
Recommendation 1486 (2000) on maritime and fluvial cultural heritage, Parliamentary Assembly - 9
November 2000.
http://assembly.coe.int/main.asp?Link=/documents/adoptedtext/ta00/frec1486.htm
Recommandation N° R (2003) 1 sur la promotion d’un tourisme attaché à la mise en valeur du patrimoine culturel dans la perspective de développement durable, Comité des Ministres - 15 janvier 2003.
Recommendation No. R (2003) 1 on the promotion of tourism to foster the cultural heritage as a factor
for sustainable development, Committee of Ministers - 15 January 2003.
Recommandation N° R (2006) 3 relative à la Convention de l'UNESCO sur la protection et la
promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles, Comité des Ministres - 1er février 2006
Recommendation No. R (2006) 3 on the UNESCO Convention on the protection and promotion of the
diversity of cultural expressions, Committee of Ministers - 1 February 2006
Recommandation N° R (2008) 3 sur les orientations pour la mise en œuvre de la Convention
européenne du paysage, Comité des Ministres - 6 février 2008.
Recommendation No R (2008) 3 on the guidelines for the implementation of the European Landscape
Convention, Committee of Ministers - 6 February 2008.
Pour plus d’information/ For more information
Direction de la culture et du patrimoine culturel et naturel
Directorate of culture and Natural Heritage
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/
Textes de référence
Reference texts
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/default_fr.asp
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/default_EN.asp
Les Conventions du patrimoine culturel du Conseil de l’Europe
The Council of Europe's cultural heritage conventions
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/Heritage/Default_fr.asp
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/conventions/heritage/default_EN.asp
Politique et action culturelles
Cultural policy and cultural action
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/culture_FR.asp
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/Resources/Texts/Culture_en.asp#TopOfPage
Patrimoine culturel
Cultural heritage
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/heritage_FR.asp
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/Heritage_en.asp#TopOfPage
Paysage et aménagement du territoire
Landscape and regional/saptial planning
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/Land_fr.asp#TopOfPage
page 34/71
http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/cultureheritage/resources/texts/land_EN.asp
HEREIN
Le Réseau européen du patrimoine
European Heritage Network
http://european-heritage.net/sdx/herein/
page 35/71
UNESCO
ASKERUD Pernille, CLÉMENT Etienne, (1997), Preventing the illicit traffic in cultural property: a
resource handbook for the implementation of the 1970 UNESCO Convention, UNESCO, Paris.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org
BANDARIN Francesco (ed.), (2007), Patrimoine mondial: défis pour le millénaire, UNESCO World
Heritage Centre / Centre du patrimoine, UNESCO, Paris.
BLAKE Janet, (2001), Developing a new standard-setting instrument for the safeguarding of intangible
cultural heritage : elements for consideration / Élaboration d'un nouvel instrument normatif pour la
sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel, Unesco, Paris.
BLAKE Janet, (2006), Community involvement in safeguarding ICH - Sustainable development and
participation, in: Expert meeting on community involvement in safeguarding intangible cultural
heritage: towards the implementation of the 2003 convention, UNESCO, Paris, 3 p.
BLAKE Janet, (2006), Some thoughts on 'Communities', 'Groups' and 'Individuals' in International Law,
in: Expert meeting on community involvement in safeguarding intangible cultural heritage: towards the
implementation of the 2003 convention, UNESCO, Paris, 6 p.
BOUCHENAKI Mounir, (2003), Setting up the international collaboration framework, Museum
international, n° 218-219, p.126-137.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=133503&database=ged&gp=0&lin=1
COLETTE Augustin, (2007), Climate change and World Heritage: report on predicting and managing
the impacts of climate change on World Heritage, and strategy to assist States Parties to implement
appropriate management responses / Changement climatique et patrimoine mondial: rapport sur la
prévision et la gestion des effets du changement climatique sur le patrimoine mondial, et stratégie
pour aider les États parties à mettre en oeuvre des réactions de gestion adaptées, (World Heritage
reports / Rapports du patrimoine mondial), UNESCO World Heritage Centre / Centre du patrimoine
mondial, n° 22.
DAUGE Yves, YANG Minja, (2004), Protection du patrimoine et décentralisation, in : Partenariats pour
les villes du patrimoine mondial, (Cahiers du Patrimoine Mondial. 9), UNESCO WHC, Paris, p. 26-29.
FOWLER P.J., (s.d.), World Heritage cultural landscapes 1992-2002, World Heritage papers,
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Paris, n° 6.
FOWLER Peter, (2006), World heritage cultural landscapes, World heritage, n° 44, p. 26-33.
HOSNI Ezzedine, (2000), Strategy for sustainable tourism development in the Sahara, World decade
for cultural development, UNESCO, Paris.
Intercultural Dialogue between Europe and the Mediterranean, (2008), Quaderns de la Mediterrània,
10, IEMed-European Institute Mediterranean, Barcelona.
http://www.iemed.org/publicacions/anovetats.php
Abstract : Under the auspices of the Euromed, in the framework of the Year of the Intercultural
Dialogue Europe – Mediterranean, this issue gathers the thoughts of writers and intellectuals
from the European Union countries as well as the countries of the South and East of the
Mediterranean, which bring us plural views, knowledge, sensitivities and some instrumental
elements to establish a better dialogue.
page 36/71
ICCROM, UNESCO, World Heritage Centre, CRATerre-EAG, (2004), Etude comparative de
législations relatives à la protection du patrimoine culturel immobilier / Comparative study of
legislations in relation to the protection of the immovable cultural heritage, CRATerre-EAG, Grenoble.
LARSEN Knut Einar (ed.), (2006), International conference on the safeguarding of tangible and
intangible cultural heritage: towards an integrated approach, Nara, Japan, 20-23 October 2004
(proceedings) / Conférence internationale sur la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel matériel et
immatériel: vers une approche intégrée, Nara, Japon, 20-23 octobre 2004 (actes), UNESCO World
Heritage Centre, Agency for Cultural Affairs Japan, ICCROM, ICOMOS, Tapir Publishers, Trondheim.
(ISBN: 82-519-1416-7).
MECCA Saverio, BIONDI Benedetta (eds), (2005), 1st international research seminar on architectural
heritage and sustainable development of small and medium cities in south Mediterranean regions:
results and strategies of research and cooperation, (Architettura in costruzione, 5), UNESCO World
Heritage Centre, Paris, Università degli studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di tecnologie dell'architettura e
design, Firenze, Edizioni ETS, Pisa. (ISBN 88-467-1199-8)
PEROT Jacques, PETZET Michaël, (2003), The role of non-governmental organisations in
international emergency action, Museum international, n° 218-219, p.119-125.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=133502&database=ged&gp=0&lin=1
PRIEUR Michel, (2003), Legal provisions for cultural landscape protection in Europe, in: Cultural
landscapes: the challenges of conservation, (World Heritage Papers. 7), UNESCO WHC, Paris, p.150155.
PROTT Lyndel V., (2000), Legal principles for protecting underwater cultural heritage, (Coastal
Management Sourcebooks, 2), UNESCO Publishing, Paris, p. 130-136. (ISBN: 92-3-103730-7)
PROTT Lyndel V., (2000), Biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés : commentaire relatif à la
Convention d'UNIDROIT, Les droits de l'homme en perspective / Human rights in perspective, Éitions
Unesco, Paris. (ISBN : 92-3-203764-5)
ROBINSON Mike, PICARD David, (2006), Tourisme, culture et développement durable / Tourism,
culture and sustainable development, Division des politiques culturelles et du dialogue interculturel,
secteur de la culture, UNESCO, Paris, March 2006.
STOTT Peter, (2006), New perspectives in heritage: transnational nominations, World heritage, n°44,
p. 20-25.
Abstract: The World Heritage Convention was designed as an instrument to encourage
common responsibility for the conservation of heritage of outstanding universal value through
international cooperation. There is no better evidence of this common responsibility than the
nomination of a site jointly proposed and managed by two or more countries.
UNESCO, (sd), Kit d’information sur la restitution de Biens Culturels : Promouvoir le retour ou la
restitution de Biens Culturels, Comité intergouvernemental pour la promotion du retour de biens
culturels à leur pays d'origine ou de leur restitution en cas d'appropriation illégale.
UNESCO, (sd), Information Kit on the Restitution on the Restitution of Cultural Property: Promote the
return or the restitution of cultural property, Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of
Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in case of Illicit Appropriation
http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35283&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
UNESCO, (1979), La Protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier, recueil de textes législatifs, Paris.
UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique (projet ayant bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence
intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies
dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG,
réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database.
http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/index.php?&lng=en
page 37/71
UNESCO, (2003), The legal tools for world heritage conservation. Outils juridiques pour la
conservation du patrimoine mondial, in : World Heritage 2002 : Shared Legacy, Common
responsibility, World Heritage Centre/UNESCO, Paris, p. 134-137.
UNESCO, (2003), Patrimoine et développement durable dans les centres historiques urbains, Fès.
http://rabat.unesco.org/IMG/pdf/rapport_fes_2003.pdf
UNESCO, ICCROM, (2003), Introducing young people to heritage site management and protection A
practical manual for secondary school teachers in the Arab Region, UNESCO, ICCROM, Amman.
UNESCO, (2003), Periodic Report and Regional Programme. Arab States 2002-2003, (World Heritage
Report, 11), World Heritage Centre, Paris, 2003.
http://whc.unesco.org/documents/publi_wh_papers_11_en.pdf
UNESCO, (2003), Report by the Director-General on the preliminary draft of an international
convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage / Rapport du Directeur général sur
l'avant-projet de convention Internationale pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel,
Executive Board Meeting, 167th session, 2003. UNESCO, Paris,
UNESCO, (2003), Preliminary Draft International Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible
Cultural Heritage and report by the Director-General on the situation calling for standard-setting and on
the possible scope of such standard-setting / Avant-projet de convention internationale pour la
sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel et Rapport du Directeur général sur la situation devant
faire l'objet d'une action normative et sur l'étendue possible d'une telle action, General Conference.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001307/130784e.pdf (English)
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001307/130784f.pdf (Français)
Résumé : Ce texte, qui est le fruit de plusieurs années de travail, a été adopté par les experts
de 103 pays réunis en juin 2003 au siège de l'UNESCO. Il sera présenté à la prochaine
conférence générale en octobre 2003. Il pourrait constituer le complément nécessaire à la
sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel en constituant le pendant de la Convention de
1972 sur le patrimoine culturel et naturel. La future convention prévoit notamment la création
d'un Fonds du patrimoine culturel immatériel et la réalisation par les États parties d'inventaires
nationaux, d'une liste représentative du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité et
l'établissement d'une deuxième liste recensant le patrimoine culturel immatériel nécessitant
une sauvegarde urgente.
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, (2003), World heritage 2002, Shared legacy, common responsibility,
in: Cultural landscapes: the challenges of conservation, Associated Workshops, Ferrara, Italy, 11-12
November 2002, (World Heritage Papers. 7), UNESCO WHC, Paris.
UNESCO, (2004), Partnerships for World Heritage cities: culture as a vector for sustainable urban
development. World Heritage 2002: shared legacy, common responsibility, associated workshops, 1112 November, Urbino, Pesaro, Italy, (World Heritage papers, 9), UNESCO World Heritage Centre /
Centre du patrimoine mondial, Paris.
UNESCO, (2006), Mesures juridiques et pratiques contre le trafic illicite des biens culturels, Manuel de
l'UNESCO, Paris.
UNESCO, (2006), Legal and Practical Measures against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property,
UNESCO Handbook, International Standards Section, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001461/146118e.pdf
Abstract: This handbook briefly draws attention to some basic legal and practical measures
and tools to help combat illicit trafficking in cultural property.
UNESCO, (2006), Textes fondamentaux: édition 2006, comprenant les textes et amendements
adoptés par la Conférence générale lors de sa 33è session (Paris, 2005) / Basic texts: 2006 edition,
page 38/71
including texts and amendments adopted by the General Conference at its 33rd session (Paris, 2005),
UNESCO World Heritage Centre / Centre du patrimoine mondial, Paris, March 2006.
ème
session du Comité intergouvernemental de l’UNESCO pour la promotion du
UNESCO, (2007), 14
retour de biens culturels à leur pays d’origine ou de leur restitution en cas d’appropriation illégale,
Paris, juin 2007.
UNESCO, (2007), La protection des biens culturels á travers l’application des conventions, Séminaire
sub-régional, Bureau de l’UNESCO de Beyrouth, Amman, juin 2007.
Convention : synonyme de traité, ce terme fait référence à un accord conclu entre
plusieurs Etats. Un tel accord implique la volonté commune des parties, auxquelles la
convention impose des engagements juridiques contraignants.
Convention: synonymous with treaty, this term refers to any agreement concluded
between several States. Such an accord implies the joint will of the parties upon whom
the convention imposes binding legal commitments.
Convention pour la protection des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé, avec Règlement d'exécution,
1er Protocole, La Haye 14 mai 1954, 2e Protocole, La Haye, 26 mars 1999.
Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for
the Execution of the Convention, 1st Protocol, The Hague 14 May 1954, 2nd Protocol, The Hague, 26
March 1999.
http://portal.unesco.org/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13637&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Convention concernant les mesures à prendre pour interdire et empêcher l'importation, l'exportation et
le transfert de propriété illicites des biens culturels, Paris, le 14 novembre 1970.
Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of
Ownership of Cultural Property, Paris, 14 November 1970.
Convention concernant la protection du patrimoine mondial, culturel et naturel, Paris, 16 nov. 1972.
Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, Paris, 16 Nov. 1972.
Convention sur la protection du patrimoine culturel subaquatique, Paris, le 2 novembre 2001.
Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, Paris, 2 November 2001.
Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel 2003, Paris, le 17 octobre 2003.
Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, Paris, 17 October 2003.
http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.phpURL_ID=17716&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles, Paris, 20
octobre 2005.
Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, Paris, 20
October 2005.
page 39/71
Recommandations / Recommendations
Recommandation : destinée à encouragée les Etats-Parties à adopter une approche
particulière ou à agir selon des méthodes données dans des domaines culturels
spécifiques.
Recommendation: is intended to encourage the States-Parties to adopt a particular
approach or to act in a given manner in specific cultural sphere.
Recommandation définissant les principes internationaux à appliquer en matière de fouilles
archéologiques, 5 décembre 1956.
Recommendation on International Principles Applicable to Archaeological Excavations, 5 December
1956.
Recommandation concernant les moyens les plus efficaces de rendre les musées accessibles à tous,
14 décembre 1960.
Recommendation concerning the Most Effective Means of Rendering Museums Accessible to
Everyone, 14 December 1960.
Recommandation concernant la sauvegarde de la beauté et du caractère des paysages et des sites,
11 décembre 1962.
Recommendation concerning the Safeguarding of Beauty and Character of Landscapes and Sites, 11
December 1962.
Recommandation concernant les mesures à prendre pour interdire et empêcher l'exportation,
l'importation et le transfert de propriété illicites des biens culturels, 19 novembre 1964.
Recommendation on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Export, Import and Transfer of
Ownership of Cultural Property, 19 November 1964.
Recommandation concernant la préservation des biens culturels mis en péril par les travaux publics
ou privés, 19 novembre 1968.
Recommendation concerning the Preservation of Cultural Property Endangered by Public or Private
works, 19 November 1968.
Recommandation concernant la protection sur le plan national du patrimoine culturel et naturel, 16
novembre 1972.
Recommendation concerning the Protection, at National Level, of the Cultural and Natural Heritage, 16
November 1972.
Recommandation concernant la sauvegarde des ensembles historiques ou traditionnels et leur rôle
dans la vie contemporaine, 26 novembre 1976.
page 40/71
Recommendation concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Areas, 26
November 1976.
Recommandation concernant l'échange international de biens culturels, 26 novembre 1976.
Recommendation concerning the International Exchange of Cultural Property, 26 November 1976.
Recommandation pour la protection des biens culturels mobiliers, 28 novembre 1978.
Recommendation for the Protection of Movable Cultural Property, 28 November 1978.
Recommandation pour la sauvegarde et la conservation des images en mouvement, 27 octobre 1980.
Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images, 27 October 1980.
Recommandation concernant la normalisation internationale des statistiques relatives au financement
public des activités culturelles, 27 octobre 1980.
Recommendation concerning the International Standardisation of Statistics on the Public Financing of
Cultural Activities, 27 October 1980.
Recommandation sur la sauvegarde de la culture traditionnelle et populaire, 15 novembre 1989.
Recommendation on the Safeguarding of Traditional Culture and Folklore, 15 November 1989.
Déclarations / Declarations
Déclaration des principes de la coopération culturelle internationale, 4 novembre 1966.
Declaration of Principles of International Cultural Co-operation, 4 November 1966.
Déclaration universelle de l'UNESCO sur la diversité culturelle, 2 novembre 2001.
UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, 2 November 2001.
Charte sur la conservation du patrimoine numérique, 15 octobre 2003.
Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage, 15 October 2003.
Déclaration de l'UNESCO concernant la destruction intentionnelle du patrimoine culturel, 17 octobre 2003.
UNESCO Declaration concerning the Intentional Destruction of Cultural Heritage, 17 October 2003.
http://portal.unesco.org/culture
page 41/71
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/Ulis/search_form.shtml
Action normative / Textes normatifs
Normative Action / Legal instruments
http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=12025&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=-471.html
Recommandations / Recommendations
Déclarations / Declarations
Diversité culturelle / Cultural Diversity
http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.phpURL_ID=34321&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Patrimoine mondial / World Heritage
http://portal.unesco.org/culture/fr/ev.phpURL_ID=34323&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Patrimoine immatériel / Intangible Heritage
Comité intergouvernemental pour la promotion du retour de biens culturels à leur pays d'origine ou de
leur restitution en cas d'appropriation illégale / Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return
of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in case of Illicit Appropriation
http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.phpURL_ID=35283&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
Protection des biens culturels en cas de conflit armé / Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict
Trafic illicite et restitution des biens culturels / Cultural Property: its Illicit Trafficking and Restitution
Le patrimoine culturel subaquatique / The Underwater Cultural Heritage
Musées / Museums
page 42/71
ICOM
ICOM, (2006), ICOM Code of Ethics for Museums, The ICOM Code of Professional Ethics, adopted by
the 15th General Assembly of ICOM in Buenos Aires, (Argentina) on 4 November 1986, amended by
the 20th General Assembly in Barcelona (Spain) on 6 July 2001, retitled ICOM Code of Ethics for
Museums, and revised by the 21st General Assembly in Seoul (Republic of Korea) on 8 October 2004.
http://icom.museum/ethics.html#intro
ICOM, (2006), Code de déontologie pour les musées, Le Code de déontologie de l’ICOM a été adopté
à l’unanimité par la 15eAssemblée générale de l’ICOM, réunie à Buenos-Aires (Argentine) le 4
novembre 1986, modifié par la 20eAssemblée générale en Barcelone (Espagne) le 6 juillet 2001 sous
le titre Code de déontologie de l’ICOM pour les musées et révisé par la 21e Assemblée générale à
Séoul (République de Corée) le 8 octobre 2004.
http://icom.museum/ethics_fr.html
ADNET Julien, (2005), ICOM et la lutte contre le trafic illicite, Nouvelles de l' ICOM, vol.58, n° 3, p.8.
Abstract: Describes ICOM's commitment to reducing looting and illicit trade of cultural
property. Trafficking exists due to factors including economic struggle, poor border controls,
armed conflict, and conflicting national legislations which make tracing the import and export of
illicit objects more difficult. It is therefore important that nations ratify the international
conventions drafted to stop damage and illicit trade of cultural objects, and promote their
return to the nations of origin. ICOM's efforts to reducing this problem are demonstrated
through its promotion of cooperation between collecting institutions, its verifying the
provenance of objects through research and the use of databases, and its drafting of a Code
of Ethics which solidifies its stance on good practice. The author concludes that ICOM
members and national committees must pressure their national governments to ratify the
conventions, and museum professionals must actively work to stop the traffic of illegal
material.
CARDUCCI Guido, (2005), Déontologie, droit et patrimoine, Nouvelles de l'ICOM, ICOM, Paris, vol.
58, n° 3, p. 5. (ISSN: 0020-6418)
http://icom.museum/pdf/F_news2005/p5_2005-3.pdf
Abstract: Briefly discusses the difference between ethical norms and legal instruments, both of
which contribute to efforts to protect cultural heritage. There is a significant difference between
rights and ethics, rights can influence legal rule, while ethics are not as coercive. Likewise,
there is a difference between the standard-setting instruments which nations ratify (such as
the 1954 and 1970 UNESCO Conventions), and other codes, declarations, recommendations,
etc., which are not legally enforceable but act as moral and ethical guidelines. On an ethical
level, both UNESCO and the International Council of Museums (ICOM) have adopted
generally accepted ethical codes, which are only punitive when they coincide with a legal rule.
The coexistence of ethical norms and the law both act to reinforce public consciousness and
conscience regarding the protection of cultural heritage.
CUMMINS Alissandra, (2006), Déclaration de la Présidente de l’ICOM sur les actions en justice
actuellement intentées contre des musées pour le retour de biens culturels exportés illégalement (en
particulier, l’Italie contre le musée Jean Paul Getty), Conseil international des musées, décembre.
http://icom.museum/statement_illegalexport_fr.html
GEOFFREY Lewis, (2004), Legal And Ethical Considerations In The Repatriation Of Stolen And
Illegally Exported Cultural Property: Is There A Means To Settle Disputes?, in: ICOM Triennial
Conference Seoul, Korea, October 2 - 8, 2004, ICOM.
http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2004/lewis.html
ICOM, (1996), Manuel des normes: Documentation des collections africaines = Handbook of
Standards: Documenting African Collections, ICOM, Paris.
page 43/71
ICOM, (1998), Actes de l'atelier pour la protection du patrimoine et la lutte contre le trafic illicite des
biens culturels dans les pays arabes, Hammamet, Tunisie, 2-4 juin 1998, ICOM et Institut national du
patrimoine de Tunisie, en collaboration avec l'UNESCO, ICOM, Paris.
ICOM, (2002), Leadership in Museums: Are our core Values Shifting? Dublin, Ireland, October 16 - 19,
2002, (Proceedings).
http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2002/
Abstract: Museums today face many pressures for change, not least the pressure to
popularize themselves. Are these pressures forcing museums to change their core purposes
and values? The INTERCOM conference looked at this critical area and in particular at the
role that leadership and management have to play in balancing apparently conflicting
demands. Key questions about the role of museum governors and indeed whether traditional
scholarship and research can continue alongside new populist programmes and exhibitions
were addressed by the principal speakers. Within the overall theme, "Leadership in Museums:
Are our Core Values Shifting?" there were three core sessions, addressing aspects of this
topic: Defining Museum Core Values in the 21st Century: Leadership in Action; Competing
Values: who decides, the role of governance; Scholarship and Populism: can they co-exist?
The conference was organized and chaired by Aidan Walsh of Ireland, a member of the
INTERCOM Board..
ICOM, (2004), ICOM Triennial Conference Seoul, Korea, October 2 - 8, 2004,(proceedings).
http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2004/
NEGRI Vincent, (1997), Genèse et principes de la convention UNIDROIT du 24 juin 1995 sur les biens
culturels voles ou illicitement exportés, lettre du Comité national français, ICOM France, Paris, n°22,
octobre 1997, p.8-10.
PHELAN Marilyn, (2004), Legal And Ethical Considerations In The Repatriation Of Illegally Exported
And Stolen Cultural Property: Is There A Means To Settle The Disputes?, in: ICOM Triennial
Conference Seoul, Korea, October 2 - 8, 2004, ICOM.
http://www.intercom.museum/conferences/2004/phelan.html
ICOM
http://icom.museum/
INTERCOM International Committee on Management
http://www.intercom.museum/
page 44/71
ICOMOS
CHRISTOFIDOU Athina, (2002), Heritage protection in Greece. Protection through planning. Public
participation in listing processes and planning / La protection du patrimoine en Grèce. Protection par
planification. Participation du public au processus de classement et de planification, Comité Nacional
Español del ICOMOS, Madrid, p. 103-108. (ISBN: 84-89944-74-1)
DEACON Harriet, (2005), Legal and financial instruments for safeguarding our intangible heritage, in:
ICOMOS Scientific Symposium: Place-memory-meaning: preserving intangible values in monuments
and sites, Victoria Falls, 2003, ICOMOS, Paris, p.349-385.
http://www.international.icomos.org/victoriafalls2003/papers/C3-2%20-%20Deacon.pdf
ICOMOS, Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees, (1997), International seminar on legal structure of
private sponsorship and participation in the protection and maintenance of monuments, Weimar,
Germany, April 17 to 19 1997, ICOMOS-Journals of the German national committee, ICOMOS,
München, n° XXVI. (ISBN: 3-87490-664-7)
ICOMOS, Spanish National Committee (2002), Protection Through Planning: Public Participation in
Planning and Listing Processes, in: International Seminar on Protection Through Planning: Public
Participation in Planning and Listing Processes, Toledo, 22-24 July 1999, (Journals of the ICOMOS
International Committee on Legal, Administrative and Financial Issues No.2), Spanish National
Committee of ICOMOS, Madrid.
Subject : Planning; listing; public participation; European Architectural Convention;
architecture; information; Revised European Archaeological Convention; inventories; historic
complexes; landscapes; UNESCO Recommendations; World Heritage Convention;
administration; legislation; buildings; monuments; construction projects; preservation; Israel;
Greece; Spain; Croatia; Germany, …
ICOMOS (2005), Monuments and sites in their setting-conserving cultural heritage in changing
townscapes and landscapes, ICOMOS General Assembly and Scientific Symposium. 15th, Xi'an,
China, 17-21 October 2005, World Publishing Corporation. (ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1)
ICOMOS, (2005),
,
annual conference ICLAFI / organized by ICOMOS Vlaanderen-Brussel vzw and ICOMOS WallonieBruxelles asbl in collaboration with the Brussels-Capital region, the Flemish region and the Walloon
region
-Capitale,
, Belgian National Committee of ICOMOS, Brussels.
ICOMOS, (2008), World heritage industrial sites, ICOMOS Documentation Centre, May 2008.
(Description of the World Heritage Industrial Sites with a Bibliography of supporting documents at the
ICOMOS Documentation Centre)
http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/worldheritage-industrialsites.pdf
ICOMOS, (2008), World Heritage in Arab States, ICOMOS Documentation Centre, May 2008.
(Description of the World Heritage Sites with a Bibliography of supporting documents at the ICOMOS
Documentation Centre)
http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/worldheritageinarab-states.pdf
ICOMOS, (2008), World heritage cultural landscapes, ICOMOS Documentation Centre, April 2008.
(Description of the World Heritage Cultural Landscapes with a Bibliography of supporting documents
at the ICOMOS Documentation Centre)
http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/bib/culturallandscapes.pdf
page 45/71
KOREN Gideon, (2002), Limitations in enforcement of international conventions: implications for
protection of monuments and sites, XIII Asamblea General del ICOMOS, Madrid, p. 90-93.
http://www.international.icomos.org/madrid2002/actas/90.pdf
NOVENSTERN Humi (ed. ), KOREN Gideon, (2002), Legal methods of furthering urban preservation:
conference of the International Legal Committee of ICOMOS, Papers submitted to the Israel
Conference, February 2001, Ministry of Science Culture and Sport, ICOMOS Israel, Council for the
Preservation of Buildings and Historic Sites, Israel National Commission for UNESCO, Israel
Antiquities Authority, Society for the protection of nature in Israel, International Legal Committee of
ICOMOS, ICOMOS, Israel.
RIZOPOULOU-EGOUMENIDOU Euphrosyne, (1996), Administration and legal protection of ancient
monuments, Monuments and Sites: Cyprus, ICOMOS, Colombo, p. 85-95. (ISBN: 955-613-080-2)
TRUETZSCHLER Werner, ( 2005), The evolution of "Cultural Heritage" in international law, in:
Proceedings of the ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, Xi’an 2005, Volume 1,
World Publishing Corporation, Xi'an, p. 212-214. (ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1)
http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/1-33.pdf
Chartes / Charters
Les "Chartes", "Codes de déontologie", ou autres "Principes" ont une autorité morale
plutôt que juridique. En général, elles énoncent des principes et des codes de bonne
conduite que les professionnels élaborent eux-mêmes pour guider leur pratique.
"Charters", "Codes of Ethics", "Principles", etc… have a moral rather than legal
authority. They usually set forth principles and codes of good conduct that professionals
set for themselves to serve ad guidelines for their practices.
Charte internationale sur la conservation et la restauration des monuments et des sites (Charte de
Venise - 1964), 2ème Congrès international des architectes et des techniciens des monuments
historiques, Venise, 1964, adoptée par ICOMOS en 1965.
International Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (The Venice
Charter-1964), 2nd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments,
Venice, 1964, adopted by ICOMOS in 1965.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/venice_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/venice_e.htm
Charte des jardins historiques (Charte de Florence - 1982), Comité international des Jardins
historiques ICOMOS-IFLA, Florence le 21 mai 1981, adoptée par ICOMOS en décembre 1982.
Historic Gardens Charter (The Florence Charter – 1981), The ICOMOS-IFLA International Committee
for Historic Gardens, Florence on 21 May 1981, adopted by ICOMOS in December 1982.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/gardens_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/gardens_e.htm
Charte internationale pour la sauvegarde des villes historiques (Charte de Washington - 1987),
adoptée par l'Assemblée Général de l'ICOMOS, Washington D.C., octobre, 1987.
Charter on the Conservation of Historic Towns and Urban Areas (Washington Charter - 1987),
adopted by ICOMOS General Assembly, Washington D.C., October, 1987.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/towns_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/towns_e.htm
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Charte internationale pour la gestion du patrimoine archéologique, préparée par le Comité
International pour la Gestion du Patrimoine Archéologique (ICAHM), adoptée par la 9ème Assemblée
Générale de l’ICOMOS, Lausanne, 1990.
Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage, prepared by the
International Committee for the Management of Archaeological Heritage (ICAHM), approved by the 9th
General Assembly, Lausanne, 1990.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/arch_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/arch_e.htm
Charte internationale sur la protection et la gestion du patrimoine culturel subaquatique, ratifiée par la
11e Assemblée Générale de l'ICOMOS, Sofia, Octobre, 1996.
Charter for the Protection and Management of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, ratified by the 11th
COMOS General Assembly, Sofia, October, 1996.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/underwater_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/underwater_e.htm
Charte internationale du tourisme culturel (La Gestion du Tourisme dans les Sites de Patrimoniaux,
1999), adoptée par ICOMOS à la 12ème Assemblée Générale, Mexique, Octobre 1999.
International Charter on Cultural Tourism (Managing Tourism at Places of Heritage Significance,
1999), adopted by ICOMOS at the 12th General Assembly, Mexico, October 1999.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/tourism_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/tourism_e.htm
Principes à suivre pour la conservation des structures historiques en bois, adoptés par ICOMOS à la
12ème Assemblée Générale, Mexique, octobre 1999.
Principles for the Preservation of Historic Timber Structures, adopted by ICOMOS at the 12th General
Assembly, Mexico, October 1999.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wood_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wood_e.htm
Charte du patrimoine bâti vernaculaire, ratifiée par la 12ème Assemblée Générale de ICOMOS,
Mexique, octobre 1999.
Charter on the Built Vernacular heritage, ratified by the ICOMOS 12th General Assembly, Mexico,
October 1999.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/vernacular_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/vernacular_e.htm
Charte ICOMOS - Principes pour l'analyse, la conservation et la restauration des structures du
patrimoine architectural, ratifiée par la 14ème Assemblée Générale de ICOMOS, Victoria Falls,
Zimbabwe, Octobre 2003.
ICOMOS Charter – principles for the analysis, conservation and structural restoration of architectural
heritage, ratified by the ICOMOS 14th General Assembly, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, October 2003.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/structures_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/structures_e.htm
ICOMOS Principes pour la préservation et la conservation / restauration des peintures murales,
ratifiée par la 14ème Assemblée Générale de ICOMOS, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, octobre 2003.
ICOMOS Principles for the Preservation and Conservation - Restoration of Wall Paintings, ratified by
the ICOMOS 14th General Assembly, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, October 2003.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wallpaintings_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/wallpaintings_e.htm
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Resolutions and Declarations
Resolutions of the Symposium on the Introduction of Contemporary Architecture into Ancient Groups
of Buildings, 3rd General Assembly, Budapest on 27th and 28th June 1972.
http://www.icomos.org/docs/contemporary_architecture.html
Guidelines for Education and Training in the Conservation of Monuments, Ensembles and Sites, 10th
ICOMOS General Assembly, Colombo, Sri Lanka, from July 30 to August 7, 1993.
Le Document de Nara sur l’Authenticité, Conférence de Nara sur l'Authenticité dans le cadre de la
Convention du Patrimoine Mondial, tenue à Nara, Japon,1-6 novembre 1994, Direction des Affaires
Culturelles du Gouvernement Japonais et la Préfecture de Nara en coopération avec l'UNESCO,
l'ICCROM et l'ICOMOS,1994.
The Nara Document on Authenticity, Nara Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World
Heritage Convention, held at Nara, Japan, from 1-6 November 1994, Agency for Cultural Affairs
(Government of Japan) and the Nara Prefecture in cooperation with UNESCO, ICCROM and
ICOMOS, 1994.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/nara_f.htm
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/nara_e.htm
Principes pour l'établissement d'archives documentaires des monuments, des ensembles
architecturaux et des sites, 11ème Assemblée Générale de l'ICOMOS, Sofia, Bulgarie, du 5 au 9
octobre 1996.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/recording_f.htm
The Stockholm Declaration, (Declaration of ICOMOS marking the 50th anniversary of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights), adopted by the ICOMOS Executive and Advisory Committees,
Stockholm, 11 September 1998.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters/stocdec_e.htm
Déclaration de Xi’an sur la conservation du contexte des constructions, des sites et des secteurs
patrimoniaux, adoptée par la 15ème Assemblée Générale, Xi’an, Chine, 21 octobre 2005.
Xi'an Declaration on the Conservation of the Setting of Heritage Structures, Sites and Areas, adopted
by the 15th General Assembly, Xi'an, China, 21 October 2005.
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters.htm
Autres / Others
(List non exhaustive / non exhaustive list)
La Charte d'Athènes pour la restauration des Monuments Historiques (Athènes, 1931), adoptée lors
du 1er congrès international des architectes et techniciens des monuments historiques, Athènes, 21-30
Octobre 1931.
Athens Charter for the Restoration of Historic Monuments (Athens, 1931), adopted at the 1st
International Congress of Architects and technicians of Historic Monuments, Athens, 21-30 October
1931)
http://www.icomos.org/docs/athens_f.html
http://www.icomos.org/docs/athens_charter.html
Base de donnés bibliographique / Bibliographic Database
http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/
Dernières publications / Latest Publications
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http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/last_pub2008.htm
Base de donnés disponible sur / Search the database
http://databases.unesco.org/icomos/
Charters and other doctrinal texts
http://www.international.icomos.org/charters.htm
Documents PDF / PDF Documents
http://www.international.icomos.org/centre_documentation/pdf.htm
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UNIDROIT
UNIDROIT, (1995), Convention d'UNIDROIT sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés (Rome)
http://www.unidroit.org/french/conventions/1995culturalproperty/main.htm
UNIDROIT, (1995), Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects (Rome)
http://www.unidroit.org/english/conventions/1995culturalproperty/main.htm
UNIDROIT, (1996), Actes de la Conférence diplomatique pour l'adoption du projet de Convention
d'UNIDROIT sur le retour international des biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés, Rome, 7 au
24 juin 1995, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'Informazione e l'Editoria,
Quaderni di vita italiana, Roma.
http://www.unidroit.org/french/publications/conference/main.htm
UNIDROIT, (1996), Acts and Proceedings of the Diplomatic Conference for the Adoption of the Draft
UNIDROIT Convention on the International Return of Stolen or Illegally Exported cultural Objects,
Rome, 7 to 24 June 1995, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento per l'Informazione e
l'Editoria, Quaderni di vita italiana, Roma.
http://www.unidroit.org/english/publications/conference/main.htm
Revue de Droit Uniforme / Uniform Law Review
CARDUCCI Guido, (2006), Complementarity between the 1970 UNESCO and the 1995 Unidroit
Cultural Property Conventions (Abstract), Uniform Law Review, p.102.
CARDUCCI Guido, (2006), Complémentarité entre les Conventions de l'UNESCO de 1970 et
d'Unidroit de 1995 sur les biens culturels, Revue de droit uniforme, p.93.
http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62211&dspaid=0&id=2547&action=show_entry
GROSSE Laurent, JOUANNY Jean-Pierre, (2003), La protection du patrimoine culturel en vertu des
instruments de l'UNESCO (1970) et d'Unidroit (1995): la position d'Interpol, in : UNIDROIT, Actes du
Congrès pour célébrer le 75ème anniversaire de la fondation de l’Institut international pour l’unification
du droit privé - Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome,
27-28 Sept. 2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2, p. 575-580.
JOUANNY J.-P., (2003), La protection du patrimoine culturel en vertu des instruments de l'UNESCO
(1970) et d'Unidroit (1995): la position d'Interpol, Revue de droit uniforme, p.576
LAGARDE P., (2006), La restitution internationale des biens culturels en dehors de la Convention de
l'UNESCO de 1970 et de la Convention d'Unidroit de 1995, Revue de droit uniforme, p.83.
LAGARDE P., (2006), The International Return of Cultural Property Outside the Framework of the
1970 UNESCO and the 1995 Unidroit Conventions (Abstract), Uniform Law Review, p.91.
LALIVE D’EPINAY Pierre, (1996), Une avancée du droit international: la Convention de Rome
d’UNIDROIT sur les biens culturels volés ou illicitement exportés, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1, p.4058.
LALIVE D’EPINAY Pierre, (1996), A Step Forward in Uniform Law: the Unidroit Convention on Stolen
or Illegally Exported Cultural Objects, Uniform Law Review, n.1, p.59.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=105003&set=488C4909_1_307&gp=1&mode=e&lin=1
PROTT Lyndel, (1996), UNESCO and UNIDROIT : a Partnership against trafficking in cultural objects,
Uniform Law Review / Revue de droit uniforme, p. 59-71.
RENOLD Marc-André, (2003), Interaction entre l'intégration régionale et l'harmonisation mondiale:
quelques réflexions à propos des biens culturels, in : UNIDROIT, Actes du Congrès pour célébrer le
page 50/71
75ème anniversaire de la fondation de l’Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome, 27-28 Sept.
2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2, p. 581-58
SCHNEIDER Marina, (2001), Convention d'UNIDROIT de 1995 sur les biens culturels volés ou
illicitement exportés : rapport explicatif, préparé par le secrétariat d'UNIDROIT, Revue de droit
uniforme, p. 478-581.
SCHNEIDER Marina, (2001), 1995 Unidroit Convention on Stolen or Illegally Exported Cultural
Objects: Explanatory Report prepared by the Unidroit Secretariat, Uniform Law Review, p. 477-581.
SHYLLON Folarin, (2003), Private Law Beyond Markets for Goods and Services: the Example of
Cultural Objects, in: UNIDROIT, Acts of the Congress to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the
Founding of the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law - Harmonisation of Private Law
and Regional Economic Integration, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Uniform Law Review, n.1/2, p. 511-528.
SIEHR Kurt, (2003), A Special Regime for Cultural Objects in Europe, in: UNIDROIT, Acts of the
Congress to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the Founding of the International Institute for the
Unification of Private Law - Harmonisation of Private Law and Regional Economic Integration,
Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Uniform Law Review, n.1/2, p. 551-564.
(s.a), (1996), UNESCO and UNIDROIT: a partnership against trafficking in cultural objects, Uniform
law review / Revue de droit uniforme, n.1, p. 59-71.
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis.pl?catno=105002&set=488C4909_1_307&gp=1&mode=e&lin=1
UNIDROIT, (2003), Acts of the Congress to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of the Founding of the
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law - Harmonisation of Private Law and Regional
Economic Integration, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Uniform Law Review, n.1/2.
http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=46&action=show_entries
UNIDROIT, (2003), Actes du Congrès pour célébrer le 75ème anniversaire de la fondation de
l’Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé - Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et
Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2.
http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dssid=4269&dsmid=62203&dspaid=0&id=46&action=show_entries
WELLER M., (2007), La loi applicable relative au droit de suite d'oeuvres d'art en vertu de la Directive
2001/84/CE (Résumé), Revue de droit uniforme, p.347.
WELLER M., (2007), The Applicable Law in Cross-Border Resales of Works of Art under Directive
2001/84/EC, Uniform Law Review, p.335.
VOULGARIS Ioannis, (2003), Les principaux problèmes soulevés par l'unification du droit régissant les
biens culturels, in : UNIDROIT, Actes du Congrès pour célébrer le 75ème anniversaire de la fondation
de l’Institut international pour l’unification du droit privé - Harmonisation Mondiale du Droit Privé et
Intégration Economique Régionale, Rome, 27-28 Sept. 2002, Revue de droit uniforme, n.1/2, p. 541550.
Pour plus d’informations:
[email protected]
http://ulr.unidroit.org/
http://www.unidroit.org/
http://www.unidroit.org/french/conventions/c-main.htm
http://ulr.unidroit.org/dynasite.cfm?dsmid=62212
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OMT / WTO - Organisation Mondiale du Tourisme / World Tourism Organisation
OMT, (1999), Code Mondial d’Ethique du Tourisme, adopté par l’Assemblée générale de l’OMT à
Santiago, Chile, 27 septembre – 1er octobre 1999.
WTO, (1999), Global code of Ethics for Tourism, adopted by the WTO General Assembly, Santiago,
Chile, 27th September – 1 October 1999.
http://www.unwto.org/code_ethics/pdf/languages/Codigo%20Etico%20Fran.pdf
http://www.unwto.org/code_ethics/pdf/languages/Codigo%20Etico%20Ing.pdf
OMT, (2002), Comité pour la relance du tourisme dans la région méditerranéenne, 1re et 2e réunion du
Comité pour la relance du tourisme dans la région méditerranéenne. (ISBN : 978-92-844-0524-4)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/r12516/?p=c6789a0393294c4083f31265317813fe&pi=33
Résumé : Le présent rapport contient une vue d’ensemble de la situation en janvier 2002,
présentée par le Secrétariat de l’OMT, ainsi que les principales conclusions des réunions et
un résumé des débats.
WTO, (2002), Tourism Recovery Committee for the Mediterranean Region, 1st and 2nd meetings of the
Tourism Recovery Committee for the Mediterranean Region. (ISBN: 978-92-844-0519-0)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/w3570p/?p=c6789a0393294c4083f31265317813fe&pi=31
Abstract: This report contains an overview of the situation in January 2002 presented by the
WTO Secretariat as well as the key conclusions and a summary of the proceedings of the
various participants of both meetings.
WTO, (2003), European Integration in the Era of the European Union's Enlargement and the
Development of Tourism / L'intégration européenne à l'ère de l'élargissement de l'Union européenne...
seminar on European Integration in the Era of the European Union’s Enlargement and the
Development of Tourism, held in Malta from 22-23 May 2003. (ISBN :978-92-844-0658-6)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/r0k6w7/?p=627e9e4a9b4e4a15bd6f24cd626d5421&pi=4
Abstract: The rationale behind the enlargement of the EU is to create a broad, free,
prosperous and peaceful Europe. The end of the cold war, and of the conflict in Southeast
Europe, saw a need for peaceful development, for good governance and neighbourly feelings.
The difficulties of adapting to external shocks at the global level such as the acts of terrorism
show us once again how important peace and political stability are for tourism.
OMT, (2004), La gestion de la saturation touristique des sites naturels et culturels – Manuel, (ISBN
978- 92-844-0783-4) – Orientations pour la maîtrise des trois phases analysées : 1. Gestion de la
demande; 2. Gestion de la destination; 3. Gestion du site.
WTO, (2004), Managing Tourism Congestion at Natural and Cultural Sites – Handbook, (ISBN 978-92844-0763-7) – Guidelines for a better command of the three stages considered: 1. Demand
Management; 2. Destination Management; 3. Site Management.
WTO, (2004), Tourism at World Heritage Cultural Sites (Arabic and English version). (ISBN : 978-92844-0670-8)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/u5lg11/?p=ca9f250933cf447eaa33caecfe037645&pi=40
Abstract: World Heritage Sites include many of the world’s most outstanding attractions and
grandest monuments of the past. For tourism promoters they act as magnets, while for the
nation in which they are found they serve as icons that continue to influence current values.
This handbook concentrates on human-made sites, the physical evidence of major historical
events. It is devoted to helping the managers of World Heritage Sites accomplish a dual
purpose: to conserve the site given to their care and provide meaningful and considerate
access to as many visitors as the site can allow.
WTO, (2004), Guide for Local Authorities on Developing Sustainable Tourism (Arabic version). (ISBN:
978-92-844-0774-3)
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http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/rv5113/?p=5550858bf28144f2a94f343f1eda9926&pi=12
Abstract: This enlarged and revised edition of WTO’s most popular publication: Sustainable
Tourism Development: Guide for Local Planners, presents concepts, principles and
techniques for planning and developing tourism and includes sections on managing
environmental and socio-economic impacts at the local level. It also contains numerous
examples of sustainable tourism best practices readily adaptable to the particular conditions
and level of development of each destination.
WTO, (2005), Tourism's Potential as a Sustainable Development Strategy, proceedings of the 2004
WTO Tourism Policy Forum, organized by the WTO Education Council and held at the George
Washington University in Washington, D.C. (ISBN: 978-92-844-0819-1)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/p21255/?p=c6789a0393294c4083f31265317813fe&pi=34
Abstract: This publication includes over thirty speeches and academic papers from Tourism
Ministers, development agency representatives, WTO officials, academics, and other tourism
experts who presented at the main session of the conference. Also included are summaries of
the parallel sessions in which case studies were presented. The Forum was organized with
the aim of exchanging views with bilateral and multilateral donor organizations, as well as
representative recipients; discussing sustainable tourism development policies in relation to
the MDGs; reporting on WTO general initiatives in relation to sustainable tourism and
development and particularly the WTO ST-EP program to bring sustainable tourism
development into the service of poverty elimination; sharing promising practices for
sustainable development and considering lessons learned from exemplary tourism projects
supported by donors; and formulating recommendations for utilizing tourism as a sustainable
development tool for achieving MDG outcomes.
OMT, (2006), Vers un tourisme durable - Guide à l'usage des décideurs. (ISBN : 978-92-844-1119-1)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/u12j17/?p=d37bd70070e1431889576ee5cdacfa55&pi=23
Résumé : Édité avec le Programme des Nations Unies pour l’environnement (PNUE), ce
nouveau guide, ouvrage fondamental de référence, fournit aux gouvernements les clés de
l’élaboration et de l’application d’une politique de tourisme durable. Il s’ajoute aux travaux
précédents de l’OMT et du PNUE sur les différents aspects de la durabilité. Ce guide définit le
sens de la durabilité dans le secteur du tourisme, les démarches efficaces de mise au point de
stratégies et de politiques destinées à rendre le tourisme plus durable et les instruments
permettant d’assurer la bonne exécution des politiques sur le terrain. En outre, il présente un
choix d’études de cas.
WTO, (2005), Making Tourism More Sustainable - A Guide for Policy Makers. (ISBN : 978-92-8440821-4)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/w715w4/?p=d37bd70070e1431889576ee5cdacfa55&pi=22
Abstract: Massive growth is predicted for tourism in the forthcoming years, providing excellent
opportunities for spreading prosperity but presenting considerable challenges and potential
threats to the environment and local communities if not well managed. Jointly produced with
the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), this new Guide is a basic reference
book and provides a blueprint for governments to formulate and implement sustainable
tourism policies. It builds on previous work of WTO and UNEP on the different aspects of
sustainability. The Guide defines what sustainability means in tourism, what are the effective
approaches for developing strategies and policies for more sustainable tourism, the tools that
would make the policies work on the ground, and it presents selected case studies. The
publication is aimed primarily at governments, at national or local level, while being also
relevant to international development agencies, NGOs and the private sector to the extent that
they are affected by, and can affect, tourism policies and their implementation.
WTO, (2006), Cultural Tourism in Local Communities, International Conference on “Cultural Tourism
and Local Communities”, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, February 8-10, 2006. (ISBN : 978-92-844-1118-4)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/h06722/?p=627e9e4a9b4e4a15bd6f24cd626d5421&pi=1
Abstract: As with any attempt to summarize and report on a robust set of discussions and
presentations decisions have been made to highlight issues or concerns that are central to the
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ongoing development of the concept of cultural tourism and local communities. In reporting on
individual sessions there has been a conscious choice made not to repeat issues that have
been identified by several contributors in order to ensure for a concise document. Since the
individual presentations are included within this document in Annex D, the report does not
include individual summaries of each presentation. Rather overall summaries of each of the
sessions are presented in order to allow for an integrated identification of issues. This
approach was adopted in order to provide the reader with an opportunity of obtaining an
overall perspective that ensures access to readily identifiable policy, planning and
implementation strategies and initiatives.
WTO, (2007), Tourism Market Trends 2006 - Middle East. (ISBN: 978-92-844-1220-4)
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/content/m27286/?p=b644c671fbb644fa8417ef506ae99770&pi=0
Abstract: The most up-to-date book on tourism trends published by the World Tourism
Organization. This book analyzes tourism flows and earnings through 2005 in Middle East. It
includes sections on global and regional trends, with special emphasis on the countries of
each region. It looks at arrivals, receipts, hotel capacity, and major source markets.
OMT bibliothèque / WTO library
http://www.wtoelibrary.org/search/advanced-search.mpx
page 54/71
OMPI / WIPO - L’Organisation Mondial de la Propeiété Intellectuelle / World
Intellectual Property Organisation
Conventions/ Conventions
Convention de Berne pour la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistiques, Berne, 9 septembre 1886.
Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, Berne, September 9, 1886.
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html
Convention de Genève pour la protection des producteurs de phonogrammes contre la reproduction
non autorisée de leurs phonogrammes, Genève, le 29 octobre 1971.
Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their
Phonograms, Geneva, on octobre 29, 1971.
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/phonograms/trtdocs_wo023.html
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/phonograms/trtdocs_wo023.html
Traité de l’OMPI sur le droit d’auteur (WCT), Genève, le 20 décembre 1996.
WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT), Geneva, on December 20, 1996.
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/wct/trtdocs_wo033.html
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wct/trtdocs_wo033.html
Traité de l’OMPI sur les interprétations et exécutions et les phonogrammes (WPPT), Genève, le 20
décembre 1996.
WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT), Geneva, on December 20, 1996.
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/fr/ip/wppt/trtdocs_wo034.html
http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wppt/trtdocs_wo034.html
Guide OMPI de gestion de la propriété intellectuelle à l’intention des musées, par Rina Elster
Pantalony.
WIPO Guide on Managing Intellectual Property for Museums, by Rina Elster Pantalony.
http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/fr/copyright/1001/wipo_pub_1001.pdf
http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/copyright/1001/wipo_pub_1001.pdf
WIPO International Workshop on Digital Preservation and Copyright, Geneva, July 15, 2008.
http://www.wipo.int/meetings/en/2008/cr_wk_ge/index.html
Cultural Heritage and Living Culture: Defining the US Library Position on Access to and Protection of
Traditional Cultural Expression, Conférence de l’American Library Association, Washington, 12-14
novembre 2008.
http://wo.ala.org/tce/
WIPOs Creative Heritage Project:IP, raditionaTl Cultural Expressions and Museums, by Martin
Skrydstrup, Dept. of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, Board member of ICME.
http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/en/folklore/culturalheritage/pdf/skrydstrup_icom_vienna.pdf
Projet relatif au patrimoine créatif - Principes directeurs dans le domaine de la propriété intellectuelle
pour la numérisation du patrimoine culturel intangible.
http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/fr/tk/934/wipo_pub_l934tch.pdf
Creative Heritage Project - IP Guidelines for Digitizing Intangible Cultural Heritage.
http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/tk/934/wipo_pub_l934tch.pdf
La protection des expressions culturelles traditionnelles ou expressions du Folklore, synthèse des
projets de dispositions élaborée par le comité intergouvernemental de la propriété intellectuelle relative
page 55/71
aux ressources génétiques, au savoirs traditionnels et au Folklore de l’OMPI.
http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/tk/fr/consultations/draft_provisions/pdf/tce_provisions_summary.p
df
La propriété intellectuelle et les expressions culturelles traditionnelles ou expressions du folklore,
Brochure n° 1.
Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions/Folklore, Booklet n° 1.
http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/fr/tk/913/wipo_pub_913.pdf
http://www.wipo.int/freepublications/en/tk/913/wipo_pub_913.pdf
Legislative Texts on the Protection of Traditional Cultural Expressions (Expressions of Folklore)
(TCEs).
http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/laws/folklore.html#cultural
Pour plus d’informations:
Sur l’OMPI/ about WIPO
http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/fr/what_is_wipo.html
http://www.wipo.int/about-wipo/en/what_is_wipo.html
page 56/71
PAYS PARTENAIRES DU BASSIN MEDITERRANEEN
MEDITERRANEAN AREA PARTNER COUNTRIES
Algérie / Algeria
ARIBI Rafik, (s.d.), La Législation du Patrimoine Culturel en Algérie, Ecole Polytechnique
d’Architecture et d’Urbanisme
http://audit2.clio.it/legaldocs/algeria01.htm
BAGHLI Sid-Ahmed, (1994), Aspects de la politique culturelle de l'Algérie, Unesco, Paris.
BAGHLI S.A., ARIBI M., ATMOUNI A., (1995), A Framework for Fighting Illicit Traffic, Illicit Traffic of
Cultural Property in Africa, International Council of Museums, Paris, p. 17-19.
BENABBAS Samia, (s.d.), Système d'interprétation de traitement du patrimoine architectural:
Inventaire comparatif et étude pour l'Algérie du cas du "rocher" de Constantine, Université de
Constantine, Institut d'architecture et d'urbanisme, (s.l.).
BURNHAM, B., (s.d.), Algérie. Eléments de législation 1974-1987-1989. La protection du patrimoine
culturel, Ministère de l'équipement, Journal Officiel, République Algérienne, (s.l.).
Keywords: cultural heritage, historic monuments and sites, legislation, national level, Algeria
IRSHEID C., (1997), The Protection of Cultural Property in the Arab World, International Journal of
Cultural Property, n°6, p. 11-46.
MANISCALCO Fabio, (2003), La tutela del patrimonio culturale in Algeria, Mediterraneum: tutela e
valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°3, p. 11-49. (ISBN: 88-8783541-1)
MANISCALCO Fabio, (2004), La tutela del patrimonio culturale nel Mediterraneo occidentale,
Mediterraneum. Tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°4,
p.91-108.
Abstract: Even when the same principles are applied throughout the region, underwater
archaeology presents numerous problems due to the particulars of the specific working
environment. All types of activities related to the management and protection of underwater
heritage can be difficult and expensive. The significant progress that has been made in
technology and diving capabilities over the past years have led to increasing research
conducted at unimaginable depths and for relatively long periods of time. This of course bears
certain risks for the underwater sites and deposits that are threatened by research campaigns,
excavations and indiscriminate plundering. Moreover, because it is relatively easy to acquire a
sports diving license, and because of operative difficulties of the public entities and the lack of
national regulations, an ever greater number of divers plunder seas, rivers, lakes and other
waters in search of archaeological material for sale, donation or collection. This paper reviews,
from a normative perspective, the protection of underwater archaeological heritage in the area
of the Western Mediterranean, through the legislation of Tunisia, Algeria, France, Portugal and
Spain.
MISIANI Anna, (2003), Esperienze di tutela, gestione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale in
Algeria attraverso progetti di cooperazione transnazionale, Mediterraneum: tutela e valorizzazione dei
beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°3, p. 71-85. (ISBN: 88-87835-41-1)
Législation nationale / National legislation:
page 57/71
République algérienne démocratique et populaire, (s.d.), Recueil législatif sur l'archéologie, la
protection des sites, des musées et des monuments historiques, Agence Nationale d'Archéologie et
de protection des sites et monuments historiques, s.l.
UNESCO, (1979), La Protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier, recueil de textes législatifs, Paris, 2
vol.
UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 1 : de l’Afrique du Sud à l’Ethiopie (projet ayant
bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO,
d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de
l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws
Database, p. 43-81.
- Ordonnance nº 67-281 du 20 décembre 1967 relative aux fouilles et à la protection des sites
et Monuments Historiques et Naturels, p. 43-61.
- Décret nº81-135 du 27 juin 1981 portant modification de l’ordonnance nº67-281 du décembre
1967 relative aux fouilles et à la protection des sites et monuments historiques et naturels, p.
62.
- Arrêté du 17 mai 1980 relatif aux autorisations de recherches archéologiques, p. 63-65.
- Décret nº 69-82 du 13 juin 1969 relatif à l’exportation des objets présentant un intérêt national
du point de vue de l’histoire, de l’art et de l’archéologie, p. 66.
- Arrêté interministériel du 5 décembre 1979 portant création d’une commission
interministérielle d’achat d’objets et d’œuvres d’art, p. 67-68.
- Décret nº 81-382 du 26 décembre 1981 déterminant les compétences et les attributions de la
commune et de la wilaya dans le secteur de la culture, p. 69-71.
- Décret nº 87-10 du 6 janvier 1987 portant création de l’Agence National d’Archéologie et de
protection des Sites et Monuments Historiques, p. 72-75.
- Décret nº 85-277 du 12 novembre 1985 fixant le statut type des musées nationaux, p. 76-78.
- Décret nº 85-278 du 12 novembre 1985 portant création du musée national des beaux-arts,
p.79.
- Décret nº 858-279 du 12 novembre 1985 portant création du musée national des antiquités, p.
80.
- Décret nº 85-280 du 12 novembre 1985 portant création du musée national du Bardo, p. 81.
UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database / Base de donnés des Législations Nationales sur le
Patrimoine Culturel : http://www.unesco.org/culture/natlaws/index.php?&lng=en
page 58/71
Egypte / Egypt
BACHARACH Jere L. (dir.), (1995), The Restoration and Conservation of Islamic Monuments in Egypt,
American University of Cairo Press.
BEHRENS-ABOUSEIF Doris (dir.), (2000), The Cairo Heritage, Essays in Honour of Laila Ali Ibrahim,
American University of Cairo Press.
El Feki Moustafa, (2002), Décentralisation et protection du patrimoine dans les états arabes : le cas de
l'Egypte, in : Les colloques du Sénat : Le patrimoine mondial, enjeu de la décentralisation, (Actes de
colloque), actes du colloque organisé sous la présidence de M. Christian Poncelet, Président du Sénat
avec le concours de l'UNESCO le 16 octobre 2002.
http://www.senat.fr/colloques/politiques_patrimoine/politiques_patrimoine1.html#toc57
FINNERAN N., (2005), Safeguarding Africa's Archaeological Past, in: Selected Papers from a
Workshop held at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 2001: BAR
International Series 1454, Archaeopress, Oxford.
GAMAL M.M., SELIM G.M., (2005), Rehabilitation of historical buildings: evaluation of policies and
project outcomes in the Middle East: the case of Egypt, Structural studies, repairs and maintenance of
heritage architecture IX, (Transactions on the built environment, 83), Wit Press, Southampton, p.421-431.
Abstract: Discusses the challenges of conserving and restoring historic buildings in Middle
Eastern cities, with particular reference to Egypt. In an age of globalisation, economic and
technological transformation, changes in urban layouts can affect local identity. Regulations,
standards and training programmes have not been as prolific in Egypt as in the West, yet this
is changing as UNESCO and other organizations help less-developed countries in capacity
building, training and the management of heritage. Present-day approaches in Egypt have
been developed with the help of UNESCO and are based on historical and cultural value,
integrity and authenticity. Values can be seen in two different approaches taken in the
restoration of historic buildings: traditional, where only original elements are preserved, and
modern, where the new is incorporated with the old. Other challenges to conservation include
rapidly changing technology and problems with structural stability.
JONES Michael, (2008), Monument and site conservation, Egyptology today, Cambridge University
Press (US), p. 98-120. (ISBN 978-0-521-86364-3; 0-521-86364-3; 978-0-521-68226-8; 0-521-68226-6)
Abstract: Provides an introduction to the multifaceted nature and challenges of site
preservation in Egypt. A brief review of ancient use and reuse of monuments is followed by a
discussion of current agents of deterioration, such as population explosion and resulting
development pressure, rising groundwater levels, salts present in Egyptian stones and added
by groundwater, increased air pollution, and industrial and economic developments leading to
overexposure. Recent developments of specific plans and active agencies in Egypt are
described, as are basic principles applied in preservation strategies in regard to extent of
intervention, choices of materials, reburial, and maintenance. Archaeological site presentation,
preservation, and management, charter, Egypt, interdisciplinarity.
MOSTAFA Mostafa Hassan, GRIMAL Nicolas, NAKASHIMA Douglas (eds), (2000), Underwater
archaeology and coastal management: focus on Alexandria, (Coastal Management Sourcebooks),
UNESCO Publishing, Paris, n°2. (ISBN: 92-3-103730-7).
Abstract : Describes the urban development and conservation problems of Alexandria, Egypt.
Many coastal cities face problems and conflicts over urban expansion, conservation, tourism
development, waste disposal, and port development. However, Alexandria is set apart by the
particular conflicts between contemporary Alexandria and the Alexandrias of the past. As it
struggles to renew its urban core, resolve traffic problems and house its increasing population,
Alexandria constantly confronts the archaeological remains of its past. A breakwater in an
inconvenient location, set up to check coastal erosion, triggered passionate debates that
page 59/71
oppose the underwater archaeological site of Pharos with the onshore Qait Bey fortress,
confronting cultural-heritage managers with the harsh realities of expansion, urban renewal,
industrial development and antiquities conservation. The volume contains 23 contributions
divided into eight sections: Alexandria in early times, Underwater archaeology along the
Alexandrian coast, Submerged heritage sites around the Mediterranean basin (with mention of
Byblos, Pharos, Sabratha, Thasos and the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy), Remote sensing and
archaeology, Conservation and management techniques for underwater artefacts and
shipwrecks, Legal considerations for submarine heritage sites, Pollution and erosion impacts
on coastal heritage, Integrated management of coastal heritage, including a comparison
between Alexandria and Boston.
UNESCO, (1985), The protection of movable cultural property . Collection of legislative texts. Egypt.
La protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier. Recueil de textes législatifs. Egypte, UNESCO, Paris.
WAHBA Magdi, (1997), La Politique culturelle en Egypte, UNESCO, Paris.
WENDRICH Willeke, (2006), Archaeology and sustainable tourism in Egypt: protecting community,
antiquities, and environment, in: AGNEW Neville, BRIDGLAND Janet (eds), Of the past, for the future:
integrating archaeology and conservation, proceedings of the conservation theme at the 5th World
Archaeological Congress, Washington, D.C., 22-26 June 2003, Getty Conservation Institute
symposium proceedings series, The Getty Conservation Institute, p. 184-190. (ISBN 0-89236-826-8)
Abstract: Explores how archaeologists should consider getting involved with sustainable
tourism in order to communicate their findings to the public, protect the sites that they are
working on, improve fund-raising for the archaeological project, and contribute to an
economically viable system for the population of the area. Two examples illustrate the benefits
of working closely with the local community. The Eastern Desert Antiquities Protection Project
(EDAPP) involves a training program and the creation of a collection of present-day material
culture by the Ababda nomads from the Eastern Desert in Egypt. The Fayum ecotourism
project is a first step in defining the development needs for an area of Egypt that has an
extremely interesting history but does not attract the mass tourism that the Giza pyramids and
the monuments of Luxor do. Archaeological site presentation, preservation, and management,
cultural tourism, ecotourism, Egypt, stakeholders, sustainability.
La loi 144 de 2006 relative à la réglementation des travaux de démolition des immeubles qui ne sont
pas menacés d’effondrement et à la préservation du patrimoine architectural
Le chapitre 1er de la loi 119 de 2008 relatif à l’harmonisation urbaine et au fonctionnement de
l’Agence Nationale d’Harmonisation Urbaine.
UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 1 : de l’Afrique du Sud à l’Ethiopie (projet ayant
bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO,
d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de
l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws
Database, p. 134-143.
- Loi nº 117 de 1983 portant promulgation de la loi sur la protection des antiquités, p. 134.
- Loi sur la protection des antiquités, p. 135-143
National Organization of Urban Harmony (NOUH)
www.urbanharmony.org
Patrimoine Culturel :
page 60/71
Israël / Israel
(s.a), (2000), Theoretical inquiries in law, (Journals of legal scholarship), Cegla Institute for
Comparative and Private International Law of the Tel Aviv University Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv, Israel,
Vol. 1, no. 1 (Jan. 2000). (ISSN: 1565-3404)
KLETTER Raz, (2006), Heritage for sale? A case study from Israel, Journal of field archaeology,
vol.31, n°3, p. 317-327.
Abstract: The state-sponsored sale of archaeological objects is sometimes offered by persons
from states rich in antiquities as a quick fix for budgetary problems, as a solution to storage
crises, or as a way to combat the destruction of archaeological sites by looting. The state-run
sale can be viewed as a compromise between those who support a free trade in antiquities
and those who oppose it. In 2003, a daily newspaper in Israel reported that a scheme of this
nature was under consideration by the Israel Antiquities Authority - the body responsible for
safeguarding the antiquities of Israel. In this paper we trace the history of legislation
concerning legal trade in antiquities in Palestine since the Ottoman Antiquities Law of 1884.
We show that the concept of the state-run sale of antiquities finds its origins in the laws of the
British Mandate period. Archival evidence indicates that the Israel Department of Antiquities
and Museums (the forerunner to the Israel Antiquities Authority) toned with the same concept
in the 1950s. Data from the study of archival documents, as well as ethnographic interviews,
raise doubts about the ethical and practical sides of the state-run sale of antiquities, a
misguided concept that we feel must be rejected.
KOREN Gideon, (2000), The economic impact of financing conservation and restoration. The Israeli
case, in: The economic impact of financing conservation and restoration, ICOMOS Croatia, Brijuni, p.
51-63.
KOREN Gideon, (2002), Protection through planning, public participation in planning and listing
processes (Israel) /Protection through planning. Public participation in planning and listing processes,
Comité Nacional Español del ICOMOS, Madrid, p. 114-119.
KOREN Gideon, (2002), Legal Forms of Financing Urban Preservation - The Israeli Situation, in: Legal
methods of furthering urban preservation, ICOMOS, Israel, p. 19-26.
NAGAR Yossi, 2004), Bone reburial in Israel: legal restrictions and methodological implications, The
dead and their possessions: repatriation in principle, policy and practice (Revised ed), (One world
archaeology, 43), Routledge, London, p.87-90.
Abstract : A short description of the challenges surrounding the treatment and reburial of
human remains found in archaeological sites in Israel. Though Jewish religious law allows for
the movement of human bones if necessary, opposition from the orthodox community led by
an association known as Athra-Kiddisha has impeded their study on the grounds that Jewish
remains should be left alone, and as any bone may be Jewish, none should be disturbed or
analyzed. Furthermore, Israeli law has overlooked the inclusion of ancient human remains into
its antiquities legislation, making their study in a laboratory illegal. Thus, work on burial
contents by the Israel Antiquities Authority must be undertaken in the field, making the work
efficient, standardized, but often superficial.
SANTO Zofia, (2002), Compensation Issues in the Tel Aviv historic Preservation Ordinance, in: Legal
methods of furthering urban preservation, ICOMOS, Israel, p. 34-40.
SMOCK Nitza, (2002), Planning low - Preservation Provision clear Advantages, in: Legal methods of
furthering urban preservation, ICOMOS, Israel, p. 32-33.
page 61/71
SOLAR Giora, (1996), Conservation in Israel, in: 11th ICOMOS General Assembly, Sofia, Bulgaria,
October 1996, Monuments and Sites, Israel, ICOMOS Israel, Colombo. (ISBN: 955-613-089-5)
State of Israel, (2005), Bahá'í Holy places in Haifa and the Western Galilee: Heritage management
plan, Bahá'í World Centre, Haifa.
FORMAN Yael (ed.), (1997), Conservation Policy. Israel Antiquities Authority 1997-2002, Israel
Antiquities Authority, (UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database), update April 1997.
(s.a.), (2003), Antiquities Authority Policy on Constructed Cultural Heritage Conservation,
Conservation Department, Antiquities Authority, July 2003.
page 62/71
Jordanie / Jordan
AL-NAMMARI Fatima M., (2003), The preservation of vernacular architecture in Jordan : development
chances lost, US/ICOMOS.
EL-KHALILI Mohammad, (2005), The disturbance of the cultural heritage and its setting : a new
perspective in dealing with the endangered cultural settings "the common character" a case study from
Jordan, in: ICOMOS 15th General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (Proceedings), World
Publishing Corporation, Xi'an, vol.2, p. 636-649. (ISBN: 7-5062-7372-1)
http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/papers/3-20.pdf
MAFFI Irène, (2004), Pratiques du patrimoine et politiques de la mémoire en Jordanie : entre histoire
dynastique et récit communautaires, Payot-Lausanne, Lausanne.
vol.
UNESCO, ICCROM (2003), Introducing young people to heritage site management and protection A
practical manual for secondary school teachers in the Arab Region, UNESCO, ICCROM, Amman.
Law of Antiquities nº 21 for the year 1988, as amended by Law nº 23 for the year 2004, the Law of
Antiquities, Definitions and general provisions, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, The General
Department of Antiquities.
page 63/71
Liban / Lebanon
ACHKAR Elie el, BAKHOS Walid, (2001), Loi de l’urbanisme, loi de la construction, schémas
directeurs du Liban, Document du Cermoc, n°12, Cermoc, Beyrouth.
CORPUS Levant (ouvrage collectif), HUSSEINI Frédéric (direction), (2004), Manuel pour l’entretien et
la réhabilitation de l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise, CORPUS Levant, Commission Européenne
MEDA - EUROMED HERITAGE, Ministère de la Culture / Direction Générale des Antiquités - Liban,
Ecole d’Avignon, Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona. (ISBN : 84-87104-61-4)
http://www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/atl_frn.htm ( pdf document)
Résumé : Ce livret présente l’architecture traditionnelle Libanaise : toute une variété de
typologies architecturales et de techniques de construction, qui se repartissent sur un territoire
complexe. L’architecture traditionnelle est ici doublement envisagée comme patrimoine
transmissible et comme parc immobilier. Son entretien et sa réhabilitation, sont essentiels,
comme l’atteste une législation extensive. Le diagnostic, préalable à toute une intervention de
réhabilitation, est aussi présenté pour guider les experts.
MALLAT Hyam, (2004), Les monuments historiques et les sites dans la législation libanaise, in : Les
monuments historiques, un nouvel enjeu?, (Droit du patrimoine culturel et naturel), actes du colloque
organisé par le CRIDEAU - CNRS (UMR 6062)/INRA, Université de Limoges, et le Centre international
de droit comparé de l'environnement (CIDCE), Université Montesquieu, Bordeaux IV. Vols. I et II,
L'Harmattan, Paris, p. 243-263.
Abstract: Outlines the current legislation in Lebanon for the protection of archaeological,
natural and historical monuments and sites, enforced since 1933 and 1939. Both discovered
and as-yet undiscovered antiques are considered state property. The regulation of their
protection in the different contexts of urbanization, excavation, trade or registration is fully
detailed. Similarly, for monuments and other assets, the legislation remains strong and
concedes much decision-making power to the State. The specific legislation is objectively
described.
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Maroc / Morocco
BENYAHIA Najib, (1997), Cas de Meknès au Maroc, Scientific Journal: New life for old cities,
ICOMOS, Colombo, n° 8, p. 22-28. (ISBN: 955-613-054-8)
CAÑETE PÉREZ José Antonio, 2005), Protección del patrimonio natural paisajístico en la
planificación urbana y territorial. Posibilidades de aplicación en Marruecos, in: 1st international
research seminar on architectural heritage and sustainable development of small and medium cities in
south Mediterranean regions: results and strategies of research and cooperation, (Architettura in
costruzione, 5), Edizioni ETS, Pisa, p.717-728.
Abstract: In numerous cities of the Comunidad Autónoma of Andalucía (Spain), the existence
of planning mechanisms for landscape preservation is understood as an indicator of their
social development. At the same time, these mechanisms are essential to preserve
landscapes from the deterioration processes generated by Western societies. Urban growth
has always been at the expense of the rural and natural territory, whose significance has not
always been adequately recognized. This article analyzes the effectiveness of legal and
planning instruments for natural and landscape protection of the Valley of Granada. This
analysis is part of a broader project to apply similar planning mechanisms in Morocco, in the
framework of a collaborative project between Morocco and Andalusia. The article also includes
an overview of the existing planning system of Morocco.
CATTEDRA Raffaele, Casablanca : la réconciliation patrimoniale comme enjeu de l’identité urbaine,
in : Rives nord-méditerranéennes, Patrimoine et politiques urbaines en Méditerranée.
http://rives.revues.org/document436.html
Les enjeux patrimoniaux en médina de Marrakech face à la stratification des cultures d’aménagement,
(2003), in : Actes du colloque international Fabrication, gestion et pratiques des territoires: regards
croisés et perspectives de coopération France-Maghreb, École d’architecture de Paris-Val de Seine,
4-5 décembre 2003.
ERNST Engrid, (2005), La fabrication de la médina de Marrakech par les images, in : BOUMAZA
Nadir (dir), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose.
KURZAC-SOUALI Anne-Claire, (2005), La revalorisation de la médina dans l’espace urbain au Maroc,
un espace urbain revisité par les élites et le tourisme, in : BOUMAZA Nadir (dir), Villes réelles, villes
projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose
SKOUNTI Ahmed, (2005), La médina et la ville. Centralité et patrimonialisation, in : BOUMAZA Nadir
(dir), (2005), Villes réelles, villes projetées, villes maghrébines en fabrication, Maisonneuve et Larose.
UNESCO, (1987), The protection of movable cultural property. Collection of legislative texts. Morocco.
La protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier. Recueil de textes législatifs. Maroc, UNESCO, Paris.
volumes.
Dahir n° 1-06-102 du 18 joumada 1 1427 (15 juin 2006) portant promulgation de la loi n° 19-05
modifiant et complétant la loi n° 22-80 relative à la conservation des monuments historiques et des
sites, des inscriptions, des objets d'art et d'antiquité.
Dahir n° 1-03-59 du 10 rabii I 1424 (12 mai 2003) portant promulgation de la loi n° 11-03 relative à la
protection et à la mise en valeur de l'environnement (notamment, l’article 3 al. 6 et 7, l’article 8 de la
présente loi).
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UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 3 : de la Libye à la République Démocratique du
Congo (projet ayant bénéficié du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie,
de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et
notamment de l’ICCROM et de CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural
Heritage Laws Database, p. 38-46.
- Dahir nº 1-80-341 du 17 Safar 1401 (25 décembre 1980) portant promulgation de la loi nº 2280 relative à la conservation des monuments historiques et des sites, des inscriptions, des
objets d’art et d’antiquités, p. 38-46.
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Autorité Palestinienne / Palestinian Authority
BSHARA Khaldun, (2005), Job creation through restoration towards sustainable community, 1st
international research seminar on architectural heritage and sustainable development of small and
medium cities in south Mediterranean regions: results and strategies of research and cooperation,
(Architettura in costruzione, 5), Edizioni ETS, Pisa, p.707-716.
Abstract: Describes a programme entitled “Job Creation through Restoration and Projects”,
launched by the RIWAQ Centre (Centre for Architectural Conservation) in Palestine to create
jobs for those who cannot reach their workplaces because of closures and curfews. In the
midst of a deteriorated political situation, the unemployment rate in the West Bank has risen to
over 50%. The value of buildings to be renovated acts as an indicator of the level of
unemployment, the worsening economic situation, and threats of Israeli settlement and the
apartheid separation wall. Through the above project, eight historic buildings in different towns
were renovated to host social and cultural activities serving marginalized sectors, at a cost of
approximately US$ 620,000.The project generated some 13,000 direct and 6,500 indirect
labour workdays. Labour costs represented almost 60% of total expenses, while the rest went
to materials and supplies. The programme proved very productive, and has been adapted by
different organizations as a means of alleviating poverty in impoverished communities.
Implemented projects and their costs are listed in tables.
FONTANA ANTONELLI Giovanni, (2005), Strategic planning for the Old City of Nablus, West Bank:
conservation, capacity building and institutional development for the protection of cultural heritage, in:
1st international research seminar on architectural heritage and sustainable development of small and
medium cities in south Mediterranean regions: results and strategies of research and cooperation,
(Architettura in costruzione, 5), Edizioni ETS, Pisa, p.207-214.
Abstract: Discusses ongoing and upcoming projects carried out in the framework of
UNESCO’s programme for the protection of cultural heritage in the West Bank and Gaza,
Palestine. A synthesis is provided of the strategic planning, participatory and awarenessraising approach put in place to rehabilitate the urban fabric of the old city of Nablus, as a pilot
project for other small and medium towns in the Arab States region. Nablus is a medium-sized
city located in a valley in the northern area of the West Bank, lying on an important crossroads
between Lebanon, Syria and the Jordan Valley. Its historic centre bears the marks of various
civilizations, from the Romans to the Ottomans. At present, the city centres on a lively medina,
which embodies and displays all kinds of problems linked with issues of conservation of
cultural heritage.
HAMMAMI Feras, (2005), Setting the cultural heritage scene: a case study of Nablus, Palestine, Royal
Institute of Technology, Department of Infrastructure, Stockholm, Kungl. Tekniska högskolan,
Stockholm.
HOHMANN Hasso, DOYTCHINOV Grigor, EL FANNI Ibrahim, VOGRIN Annegrete H., DOKONAL
Wolfgang, ZANCANELLA Johann, AMAD Eman, ASSALI Imad, ABDELHADI Mohammed, (2001),
Historic centre of Nablus, its preservation, adaptation and future, ISG Magazin, ISG, Graz, n° 3.
Jérusalem et la mise en œuvre de la Résolution 34C/47 et des décisions 177 EX/ 19 et 177 EX/ 20
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001583/158370f.pdf
LEHR John C., KATZ Yossi, (2005), Heritage interpretation and politics in Kfar Etzion, Israel,
International journal of heritage studies: IJHS, vol.9, n°3, p.215-228.
Abstract: Kfar Etzion is a Kibbutz first established in Palestine in the 1930s. At the end of the
British Mandate, in 1948, it became a de facto Israeli military outpost that controlled access to
Jerusalem from the south. Kfar Etzion fell to Arab forces in 1948 and the area became
Jordanian territory until 1967 when Israeli forces occupied the West Bank. Kfar Etzion was reestablished in the same year. Kfar Etzion now interprets its history through a sophisticated
multilingual audio-visual presentation offered in a museum built over a former bunker where
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Jewish defenders were killed. This presentation is analysed to illustrate the ways in which an
historical narrative is constructed for interpretive purposes and to show that Bloc and Israeli
perspectives are conflated for political purposes. The battle for the Bloc continues through the
interpretation of heritage.
MANISCALCO Fabio (2005), Tutela, conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale della
Palestina, Mediterraneum. Tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa, Napoli, n°
5.
MANISCALCO Fabio, EL-BANDAK Ziad, ZEEDANI Said, CIRIELLO Pasquale, (2005), Tutela,
conservazione e valorizzazione del patrimonio culturale della Palestina, Mediterraneum, Massa,
Napoli, vol.5. (ISBN: 8887835624)
TAHA Hamdan, (2005), Managing cultural heritage in Palestine, Focus, vol.1, p.31-32 (English), p.3032 (Arabic).
UNESCO, (2005), Executive Board, hundred and seventieth session, item 3.6.1 of the provisional
agenda: Jerusalem and the implementation of 32 C/Resolution 39 and 169 EX/Decision 3.7.1,
UNESCO, Paris.
Welfare Association Rapport (2004), Old city of Jerusalem revitalization programme,
www.welfareassociation.org
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Syrie / Syria
ARCE Ignacio, JAQUINTA Maria Teresa, JOKILEHTO Jukka, LUXEN Jean-Louis (1999), SITES:
conservation and management of archaeological sites, problems and perspectives, Lebanon, Syria
and Jordan. Expert's seminar: conservation strategies in Near and Middle East, ICCROM, UNESCO.
World Heritage Centre, Rome:
Abstract: Report on seminars held in the framework of the ICCROM SITES project, from the
20th to 25th November 1998 in Beirut, Lebanon and from the 15th to 19th March 1999 in
Damascus, Syria and Amman, Jordan.
CORPUS Levant (ouvrage collectif), (2004), Handbook for the maintenance and rehabilitation of
traditional Syrian architecture, CORPUS Levant, European Commission MEDA - EUROMED
HERITAGE, General Direction of Antiquities and Museums of Syria, Direction Générale des Antiquités
du Liban, Ecole d’Avignon, Col·legi d’Aparelladors i Arquitectes Tècnics de Barcelona, Avignon 2004.
http://www.meda-corpus.net/eng/gates/visit/ats_eng.htm (PDF document)
Abstract: This booklet presents traditional Syrian architecture: a broad range of architectural
typologies and construction techniques spread upon a wide and complex territory. Traditional
architecture is here envisioned as a transmittable heritage as well as a real estate stock. Its
maintenance and its rehabilitation are essential, as proven by an extensive legislation. The
diagnosis, prior to any rehabilitation intervention, is presented as well, as a guide for the
experts.
vol.
WIRTH Eugen, DAVID Jean-Claude, BERRIANE Mohamed, AWADA Fouad, SIGNOLES Pierre,
(1988), Le Centre-ville, espace-symbole, espace de vie et enjeu d'aménagement, Fascicule bilingue
de recherches, Urbama, Tours, n°19, p. 179-275.
Syrian Arab Republic, Ministry of Culture, General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums, (2000),
Antiquities Law, Passed in Legislative Decree # 222 of December 26, 1963 (with all its amendments),
Damascus 2000.
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Tunisie / Tunisia
ABDELKAFI Jellal, AKROUT-YAÏCHE Sémia, LESAGE Denis, LESBET Djaffar, BOUMAZA Nadir,
VIAU Serge, MAZIERE Brigitte, MALONE Patrick, STEVENIN Jacques, MOUHLI Zoubeir,
DAOULETLI Abdelaziz, ABDELLAH EL HAMMAD Mohamed, (1994), La Médina de Tunis: l'intégration
de l'héritage (Actes), Colloque de Tunis, Tunis, 1992, Association de Sauvegarde de la Médina de
Tunis, Institut arabe pour le développement urbain, Tunis.
BURNHAM Bonnie (s.d.), La protection du patrimoine culturel. Manuel des législations nationales,
ICOM Tunisie, Tunis.
FERRO D., (2002), Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage: An Analysis of Some Domestic
Legislations, in: CAMARDA G., SCOVAZZI T., The Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage:
Legal Aspects, Giuffré Editore, Milan, p. 317-342.
Subject : Underwater archaeology; wrecks; underwater cultural heritage; Australia; ownership;
administration; China; Finland; France; Ireland; Italy; Portugal; Spain; South Africa; Tunisia;
United Kingdom
ICOMOS, (s.d.), Etude sur la structure des services administratifs. Tunisie, (s.n.), Tunisia.
MANISCALCO Fabio, (2004), La tutela del patrimonio culturale nel Mediterraneo occidentale,
Mediterraneum. Tutela e valorizzazione dei beni culturali ed ambientali, Massa Editore, Napoli, n°4,
p.91-108.
Abstract: Even when the same principles are applied throughout the region, underwater
archaeology presents numerous problems due to the particulars of the specific working
environment. All types of activities related to the management and protection of underwater
heritage can be difficult and expensive. The significant progress that has been made in
technology and diving capabilities over the past years have led to increasing research
conducted at unimaginable depths and for relatively long periods of time. This of course bears
certain risks for the underwater sites and deposits that are threatened by research campaigns,
excavations and indiscriminate plundering. Moreover, because it is relatively easy to acquire a
sports diving license, and because of operative difficulties of the public entities and the lack of
national regulations, an ever greater number of divers plunder seas, rivers, lakes and other
waters in search of archaeological material for sale, donation or collection. This paper reviews,
from a normative perspective, the protection of underwater archaeological heritage in the area
of the Western Mediterranean, through the legislation of Tunisia, Algeria, France, Portugal and
Spain.
PATIN Valéry, (2001), Le programme de gestion et de mise en valeur du patrimoine culturel de la
Tunisie. The management and enhancement programme of Tunisian cultural heritage, ICOMOS
section française bulletin, ICOMOS, n° 48-49, p.16-23.
UNESCO, (1988), The protection of movable cultural property. Collection of legislative texts. Tunisia.
La protection du patrimoine culturel mobilier. Recueil de textes législatifs. Tunisie, UNESCO, Paris.
UNESCO, (2002), Droit et Patrimoine en Afrique 4 : du Rwanda au Zimbabwe (projet ayant bénéficié
du soutient actif de l’Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie, de l’UNESCO, d’UNIDROIT et
des organisations réunies dans le cadre du programme Africa 2009, et notamment de l’ICCROM et de
CRATerre-EAG, réactualisation septembre 2002), UNESCO Cultural Heritage Laws Database, p. 5674.
- Loi nº 94-35 du 24 février 1994 relative au code du patrimoine archéologique, historique et
des arts traditionnels, p. 56-66.
- Décret nº 93-1609 du 26 juillet 1993 fixant l’organisation de l’Institut National du Patrimoine et
les modalités de son fonctionnement, p.67-74.
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